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57327f92b3a91d1900202dcb | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, ... | Who won a Senate majority in 1954? | en | Democrats | 4 | [
"As the 1954 congressional elections approached, and it became evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses, Eisenhower was among those blaming the Old Guard for the losses, and took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. Eis... | 185,197 |
57328011b3a91d1900202dd5 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming ar... | What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress? | en | worked too much through subordinates | 41 | [
"In the immediate years after Eisenhower left office, his reputation declined. He was widely seen by critics as an inactive, uninspiring, golf-playing president compared to his vigorous young successor. Despite his unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at Central High School in L... | 185,202 |
5732806657eb1f1400fd2d40 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order con... | What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations? | en | Republicans | 91 | [
"Harriet Harman became the Leader of the Opposition and acting Leader of the Labour Party following the resignation of Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, pending a leadership election subsequently won by Ed Miliband. Miliband emphasised \"responsible capitalism\" and greater state intervention to change the balance of th... | 185,205 |
573280c306a3a419008aca99 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | Where did Eisenhower pick up the habit of smoking? | en | West Point | 39 | [
"His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the ... | 185,210 |
5732812c06a3a419008acaa3 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The ... | What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957? | en | left ventricular aneurysm | 61 | [
"The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he ... | 185,215 |
57328196b3a91d1900202ddb | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began... | What August 1965 event caused Eisenhower to drop out of public life? | en | heart attack | 218 | [
"In the immediate years after Eisenhower left office, his reputation declined. He was widely seen by critics as an inactive, uninspiring, golf-playing president compared to his vigorous young successor. Despite his unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at Central High School in L... | 185,220 |
573281eab9988014000c7640 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may hav... | Who did Eisenhower endorse for president in 1960? | en | Richard Nixon | 101 | [
"Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term, but as with other decisions, he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again. During his recovery from a heart attack late in 1955, he huddled with his closest advisors to evaluate the GOP's potential candida... | 185,225 |
5732824557eb1f1400fd2d54 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On January 17, 1961, Eisenhower gave his final televised Address to the Nation from the Oval Office. In his farewell speech, Eisenhower raised the issue of the Cold War and role of the U.S. armed forces. He described the Cold War: "We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose ... | On what date did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech? | en | January 17, 1961 | 3 | [
"On the morning of March 28, 1969, at the age of 78, Eisenhower died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The following day his body was moved to the Washington National Cathedral's Bethlehem Chapel, where he lay in repose for 28 hours. On March 30, his body was brough... | 185,230 |
5732833db9988014000c7652 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. ... | What town did Eisenhower retire to after his presidency? | en | Gettysburg | 136 | [
"That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene, Kansas, the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president. His body arrived on April 2, and was interred later that day in a small chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Libr... | 185,235 |
57328397b9988014000c765c | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | On the morning of March 28, 1969, at the age of 78, Eisenhower died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The following day his body was moved to the Washington National Cathedral's Bethlehem Chapel, where he lay in repose for 28 hours. On March 30, his body was brought by ... | How old was Eisenhower when he died? | en | 78 | 48 | [
"That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene, Kansas, the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president. His body arrived on April 2, and was interred later that day in a small chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Libr... | 185,240 |
573283e5b3a91d1900202ded | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene, Kansas, the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president. His body arrived on April 2, and was interred later that day in a small chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Library. ... | When did Eisenhower's funeral train arrive in Abilene, Kansas? | en | April 2 | 206 | [
"On the morning of March 28, 1969, at the age of 78, Eisenhower died in Washington, D.C. of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The following day his body was moved to the Washington National Cathedral's Bethlehem Chapel, where he lay in repose for 28 hours. On March 30, his body was brough... | 185,245 |
5732845206a3a419008acabd | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | In the immediate years after Eisenhower left office, his reputation declined. He was widely seen by critics as an inactive, uninspiring, golf-playing president compared to his vigorous young successor. Despite his unprecedented use of Army troops to enforce a federal desegregation order at Central High School in Little... | In popular memory, what sport was Eisenhower known for playing? | en | golf | 137 | [
"Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower's favorite movie. His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey. With his excellent memory and ability to focus, Eisenhower was skilled at card games. He learned poker, which he called his \"favorite indoor sport,\" in Abilene. Eisenhower re... | 185,250 |
573284b6b3a91d1900202dff | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or "gatekeeper", sometimes described as the President's Private Secretary, sometimes with no official title at all. Eisenhower formalized this role, introducing the office of White House Chief of Staff โ an idea he borrowed from the Un... | From where did Eisenhower get the idea of a White House Chief of Staff? | en | United States Army | 318 | [
"Dwight David \"Ike\" Eisenhower (/หaษชzษnหhaส.ษr/ EYE-zษn-HOW-ษr; October 14, 1890 โ March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Comma... | 185,255 |
5732850d57eb1f1400fd2d5e | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The development of the appreciation medals was initiated by the White House and executed by the Bureau of the Mint through the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia. The medals were struck from September 1958 through October 1960. A total of twenty designs are cataloged with a total mintage of 9,858. Each of the designs incorporat... | How many appreciation medals were minted? | en | 9,858 | 283 | [
"Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were re... | 185,259 |
573285f357eb1f1400fd2d70 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the 'Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways' in his honor. It was inspired in part by Eisenhower's own Army experiences in World War II, where he recognized the advantages of the autobahn systems in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. ... | What is the formal name of the Interstate Highway System? | en | Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways | 58 | [
"Eisenhower's goal to create improved highways was influenced by difficulties encountered during his involvement in the U.S. Army's 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy. He was assigned as an observer for the mission, which involved sending a convoy of U.S. Army vehicles coast to coast. His subsequent experience with... | 185,264 |
5732868bb3a91d1900202e0f | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | A loblolly pine, known as the "Eisenhower Pine", was located on Augusta's 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the presi... | At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located? | en | 17th | 74 | [
"Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life, and joined the Augusta National Golf Club in 1948. He played golf frequently during and after his presidency and was unreserved in expressing his passion for the game, to the point of golfing during winter; he ordered his golf balls painted black so he could see them... | 185,269 |
57324f18b9d445190005ea1b | The_Bronx | The Bronx /หbrษลks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | How many boroughs are in NYC? | en | five | 47 | [
"There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in t... | 185,274 |
57324f89e99e3014001e66a0 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Europea... | Who is the Bronx named for? | en | Jonas Bronck | 25 | [
"The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The nam... | 185,279 |
57324ffa0fdd8d15006c695f | The_Bronx | The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,... | How poor is part of the Bronx? | en | one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States | 19 | [
"Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern ... | 185,284 |
573250460fdd8d15006c6971 | The_Bronx | Jonas Bronck (c.โ1600โ43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Smรฅland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainla... | When was Jonas Bronck born? | en | 1600 | 17 | [
"The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Eu... | 185,288 |
573250c3b9d445190005ea2f | The_Bronx | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | What is the Bronx's county name? | en | The County of Bronx | 97 | [
"The Bronx /หbrษลks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges ... | 185,293 |
57325124e17f3d140042285b | The_Bronx | The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederi... | When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? | en | 1759 | 429 | [
"155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem Rive... | 185,298 |
5732516be17f3d1400422865 | The_Bronx | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, w... | How many counties did New York originally have? | en | 12 | 102 | [
"Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs โ Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island โ were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 populatio... | 185,303 |
573251c0b9d445190005ea39 | The_Bronx | The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Is... | When did New York City annex Kingsbridge? | en | 1873 | 78 | [
"The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Fr... | 185,308 |
5732521e0fdd8d15006c698f | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900โ29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | When was the Bronx's boom period? | en | 1900โ29 | 104 | [
"The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially ... | 185,313 |
573252870fdd8d15006c6999 | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937? | en | 592,185 | 534 | [
"In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 3... | 185,318 |
573252e1e99e3014001e66be | The_Bronx | Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx โ a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was ... | What is redlining? | en | a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas | 26 | [
"Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use sinc... | 185,323 |
573253330fdd8d15006c69a3 | The_Bronx | In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to... | What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s? | en | arson | 49 | [
"Bronx gang life was depicted in the 1974 novel The Wanderers by Bronx native Richard Price and the 1979 movie of the same name. They are set in the heart of the Bronx, showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor. In the 1979 film The Warriors, the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortl... | 185,326 |
573253910fdd8d15006c69a9 | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx? | en | "Ten-Year Housing Plan" | 104 | [
"In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that \"construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictur... | 185,329 |
573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b3 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | What award did the Bronx receive in 1997? | en | All America City | 37 | [
"The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, ... | 185,334 |
5732547be17f3d1400422879 | The_Bronx | Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consid... | What was the largest armory in the world? | en | Kingsbridge Armory | 169 | [
"Before the formation of the Third Coalition, Napoleon had assembled an invasion force, the Armรฉe d'Angleterre, around six camps at Boulogne in Northern France. He intended to use this invasion force to strike at England. They never invaded, but Napoleon's troops received careful and invaluable training for future ... | 185,339 |
573254c7e17f3d1400422883 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the south... | What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx? | en | Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs | 124 | [
"The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East Riverโa tidal straitโflows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Is... | 185,344 |
5732554de17f3d1400422897 | The_Bronx | The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and w... | Where is the Bronx's highest point? | en | in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School | 52 | [
"The Bronx /หbrษลks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges ... | 185,349 |
573255bce99e3014001e66d8 | The_Bronx | The northern side of the borough includes the largest park in New York CityโPelham Bay Park, which includes Orchard Beachโand the fourth largest, Van Cortlandt Park, which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers. Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkinsโknown for a historic... | When did NYC buy land for its parks? | en | 1888 | 1,240 | [
"New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches. Parks in New York City include Central Park, Prospect Park, Flushing MeadowsโCorona Park, Forest Park, and Washington Square Park. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (... | 185,354 |
573256250fdd8d15006c69d9 | The_Bronx | East of the Bronx River, the borough is relatively flat and includes four large low peninsulas, or 'necks,' of low-lying land which jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh: Hunts Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck. The East Bronx has older tenement buildings,... | What is Screvin's Neck also called? | en | Castle Hill Point | 240 | [
"As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career). Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular... | 185,359 |
573256660fdd8d15006c69e1 | The_Bronx | The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverda... | What parts of the Bronx have more hills? | en | western | 4 | [
"The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the ... | 185,363 |
5732584f0fdd8d15006c69fd | The_Bronx | Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern bound... | Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown? | en | The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places | 87 | [
"Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under c... | 185,368 |
573258c4b9d445190005ea7b | The_Bronx | There are three primary shopping centers in the Bronx: The Hub, Gateway Center and Southern Boulevard. The HubโThird Avenue Business Improvement District (B.I.D.), in The Hub, is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. It is primarily... | What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway? | en | The Hub | 414 | [
"The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa. The Pregones Theater, which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx. Some artists from elsewhere in New York City ha... | 185,373 |
5732593fb9d445190005ea85 | The_Bronx | The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, so... | How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on? | en | 17 acres | 164 | [
"Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha) in total, most of it surrounded by New York City, including the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens, over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay. Also in Queens, the park include... | 185,378 |
573259a00fdd8d15006c6a07 | The_Bronx | The Bronx street grid is irregular. Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan, the West Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free-style street grid. Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the... | What part of Manhattan are the West Bronx's streets similar to? | en | northernmost part of upper Manhattan | 45 | [
"The Bronx /หbrษลks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges ... | 185,382 |
57325a420fdd8d15006c6a0f | The_Bronx | According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more races (n... | How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic? | en | 53.5% | 30 | [
"In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 3... | 185,386 |
57325a8ce99e3014001e66f6 | The_Bronx | As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at... | How much of the Bronx speaks Spanish at home? | en | 46.29% | 12 | [
"In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 3... | 185,391 |
57325b14e17f3d14004228db | The_Bronx | According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the low... | How much of the Bronx is white (including Hispanic) as of 2009? | en | 22.9% | 134 | [
"In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 3... | 185,396 |
57325b800fdd8d15006c6a23 | The_Bronx | At the 2009 American Community Survey, Black Americans made the second largest group in the Bronx after Hispanics and Latinos. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-third (35.4%) of the Bronx's population. Blacks of non-Hispanic origin made up 30.8% of the population. Over 495,200 blacks ... | How much of the Bronx's population is black (including Hispanic)? | en | 35.4% | 203 | [
"According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more rac... | 185,401 |
57325bc30fdd8d15006c6a2d | The_Bronx | In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,00... | What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans? | en | 52.0% | 51 | [
"According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more rac... | 185,406 |
57325c10b9d445190005ea97 | The_Bronx | Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native Amer... | How many multiracial people live in the Bronx? | en | over 41,800 | 102 | [
"In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 3... | 185,411 |
57325cf7e17f3d14004228ef | The_Bronx | The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and pro... | When was the 'one man, one vote' decision? | en | 1964 | 689 | [
"The Baker v. Carr (1962) decision of the US Supreme Court established the principle of \"one man, one vote\", requiring state legislatures to redistrict to bring Congressional apportionment in line with decennial censuses. It also required both houses of state legislatures to be based on population for representat... | 185,416 |
57325d630fdd8d15006c6a37 | The_Bronx | Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carriรณn Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubรฉn Dรญaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by... | When did Carrion Jr. retire as Borough President? | en | March 1, 2009 | 6 | [
"2002๋
3์๋ถํฐ ์์ํ โ๋
ธํโ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ํ๋ ๋
ธ๋ฌดํ ํ๋ณด์์ ์ง์ง๋ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ 20~30%์ ๋ฌํ์ง๋ง, ์ฐ์ด์ด ํฐ์ง ๋ํต๋ น ์๋ค ๋ฐ ์ธก๊ทผ ๋น๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ธํด ํ๋๋ผ๋น์ ๋ค์ ํ ๋ฒ ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ ์ป๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ํนํ 6์ 13์ผ ์ค์๋ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ ๊ฑฐ์์๋ ํธ๋จ ์ง์ญ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฃผ๋, ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋จ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ 11๊ณณ์์ ์น๋ฆฌํ๊ณ , 9์ ์ ๋ชฝ์ค์ด ๋์ ์ถ๋ง๋ฅผ ์ ์ธํ์ฌ ๋
ธ๋ฌดํ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์๋น ๋ถ๋ถ ์ ์ํด ๋๊ฐ์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋์ ์์ ์น๋ฆฌํ๋ค๋ ์๊ฐ์ ํ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์๋ฌด๋ ์์์น ๋ชปํ๋ ๋
ธ๋ฌดํ๊ณผ ์ ๋ชฝ์ค์ ํ๋ณด ๋จ์ผํ๊ฐ ์ฑ๊ณตํ์ฌ ๋
ธ๋ฌดํ๊ณผ ํฝํฝํ ์ ์ ์ ํ๊ฒ ๋์ ํ๋๋ผ๋น์ ๋นํน์ค๋ฌ์ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ ์น์ดํ ๊ณต๋ฐฉ... | 185,421 |
57325d96b9d445190005eab3 | The_Bronx | In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's... | In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get? | en | 61.2% | 76 | [
"Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only ... | 185,426 |
57325f03b9d445190005eabd | The_Bronx | Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% o... | Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928? | en | Al Smith | 138 | [
"The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republ... | 185,431 |
57325f78e99e3014001e6732 | The_Bronx | The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican)... | Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914? | en | Fiorello La Guardia | 145 | [
"Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only ... | 185,436 |
573260120fdd8d15006c6a55 | The_Bronx | Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3 year... | How many students attended the Bronx public noncharter schools as of 2000? | en | nearly 280,000 | 269 | [
"Educational attainment: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree. These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which r... | 185,441 |
573262770fdd8d15006c6a6f | The_Bronx | Educational attainment: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree. These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged... | What percent of the Bronx population has a high school diploma, as of 2000? | en | 62.3% | 146 | [
"Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3... | 185,445 |
57326341e99e3014001e674e | The_Bronx | Many public high schools are located in the borough including the elite Bronx High School of Science, Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music, DeWitt Clinton High School, High School for Violin and Dance, Bronx Leadership Academy 2, Bronx International High School, the School for Excellence, the Morris Academy for Collab... | Which of NYC's prestigious nonreligious private schools are in the Bronx? | en | Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School | 708 | [
"Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3... | 185,450 |
573263c6e17f3d1400422947 | The_Bronx | In the 1990s, New York City began closing the large, public high schools in the Bronx and replacing them with small high schools. Among the reasons cited for the changes were poor graduation rates and concerns about safety. Schools that have been closed or reduced in size include John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Th... | When did NYC begin splitting up the large Bronx high schools? | en | 1990s | 7 | [
"ํนํ 1954๋
์ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋๋ฒ์์์ ๋ด๋ฆฐ ํ์ธ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๊ต์ก ์ํ ํ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ธ์ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ์นํธ ํฌ์์ ์์ด์ ์ค๋ํ ์น๋ฆฌ์๋ค. ์ฒ์์๋ ์์์ ๋ถ๋ถ ํ์ธ๋จ์ฒด๋ ๋ช๋ช ์ง๋ณด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด ํ์ ๋ ํฌ์์ ๋ฒ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ดํ๋ถํฐ๋ ๋จ๋ถ ํ์ธ ๋์ค์ ์ํ ํฌ์์ผ๋ก ํฌ๊ฒ ํ๋๋์๋ค. 1957๋
์ โ๋ฆฌํ ๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฑํ๊ต ์ฌ๊ฑดโ๊ณผ 1963๋
์ โ๋ฒ๋ฐํ ๋ํ์ฌ๊ฑดโ ๋ฑ ์ฐจ๋ณ๊ต์ก ๋ฐ๋ํฌ์์ ๋๋๋ก ํ์ธ๋์ค๊ณผ ๋จ๋ถ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ฃผ์์์์ ์ฌ์ด์ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ํฌ์์ ํํ๋ก ๋ฒ์ก๋ค. 1963๋
8์์๋ ์์ฑํด์์ '์ง์
๊ณผ ์์ ๋ฅผ ์ํ ํ์ง'์ด ํํ์ฌ์ก๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ 1964๋
8์์ ์์๋ ๋ด์์ ํ ๋ ํญ๋ ์ด๋ ํด๋ง๋ค '... | 185,455 |
5732643e0fdd8d15006c6a79 | The_Bronx | The Bronx's evolution from a hot bed of Latin jazz to an incubator of hip hop was the subject of an award-winning documentary, produced by City Lore and broadcast on PBS in 2006, "From Mambo to Hip Hop: A South Bronx Tale". Hip Hop first emerged in the South Bronx in the early 1970s. The New York Times has identified 1... | When did a PBS documentary air about the Bronx's music history? | en | 2006 | 173 | [
"Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1... | 185,458 |
573266f8b9d445190005eaef | The_Bronx | Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs (Disc Jockeys) including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs. As hip hop's popularity g... | Who were the Herculoids? | en | Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent | 449 | [
"Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-\"shepherd's hill\"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalu... | 185,463 |
5732674b0fdd8d15006c6a97 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships. With the famous facade, the short right field porch and Monument Park, Yankee Stadium ... | When did the first Yankee Stadium open? | en | 1923 | 110 | [
"1923๋
4์ 18์ผ, ์ํค ์คํ๋์์ด ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ธ ๋ฃจ์ค๋ ํ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก์ ์ํค ์คํ๋์์ ์ ๋ง์์ ๊ฑฐํํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ ๋ ์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ ๋ํ ์ผ๊ตฌํ์ ํฌ์ ๋ฃจ ๊ฒ๋ฆญ์ ์๋ฆฌ์์ค ํ์ ์๋๋ก ์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ ์ผ๊ตฌ ํ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ต๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ธ 17๊ฐ์ ์ผ์ง์ ๊ธฐ๋กํ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ ๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์์ ์ปฌ๋ผ๋น์ ํ์ ํจ๋ฐฐํ์๋ค. ๋ฃจ ๊ฒ๋ฆญ์ ์ฌ์ฐ์ค ํ๋์์ ๋ฐ์๋ ๋ํ์ ์ ์๋ค ์ค์ ๋จ์ง ๋ฐ์ด๋ ํ ์ ์์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ์์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋, ๊ทธ ๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ ์ํค์ฆ ์ค์นด์ฐํธ์ธ ํด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ฒผ์ด ์ถํํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฌด์ฒ์ด๋ ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์ผ์ด์๋ค. ์ ์ ์ค์นด์ฐํธ์๋ ํด์ ์ ๋ฒ ์ค๋ซ๋์ ๊ฒ๋ฆญ์ ์ฃผ์ํด์ค๊ณ ์์๋ค. ํด... | 185,468 |
5732698fb9d445190005eaf9 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa. The Pregones Theater, which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx. Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have be... | Where are many of the Bronx's playwrights from? | en | Latin America and Africa | 109 | [
"Mid-20th century movies set in the Bronx portrayed densely settled, working-class, urban culture. Hollywood films such as From This Day Forward (1946), set in Highbridge, occasionally delved into Bronx life. Paddy Chayefsky's Academy Award-winning Marty was the most notable examination of working class Bronx life ... | 185,473 |
573269d2b9d445190005eb03 | The_Bronx | The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by ar... | When did the Bronx Museum of the Arts open? | en | 1971 | 41 | [
"The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Eu... | 185,478 |
57326a2be17f3d1400422969 | The_Bronx | The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838). After Heine's German birthplace of Dรผsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical ... | When was the Lorelei Fountain written about? | en | 1838 | 180 | [
"In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846โ1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, C... | 185,483 |
57326a760fdd8d15006c6aa1 | The_Bronx | In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846โ1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, Christ... | When did Herter die? | en | 1917 | 72 | [
"1942๋
6์, ๋ผ์ธํ๋ฅดํธ ํ์ด๋๋ฆฌํ๊ฐ ์์ด๋์๊ณ ๊ทธ ๋ค๋ฅผ ์ด์ด SS์์ ์ฅ์ฑ์ธ ์๋ฅธ์คํธ ์นผํ
๋ธ๋ฃจ๋๊ฐ RHSA(๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ณด์๋ณธ๋ถ)์ ์์ฅ์ด ๋์๋ค. ํ์ธ๋ฆฌํ ํ๋ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ ์๋, ๊ทธ๋ Final Solution(์ ๋์ธ ๋ง์ด๊ณํ)์ ์ฐฉ์คํ ์ ๊ฐํด๋๊ฐ๋ฉฐ 1943๋
๋ถํฐ 1๋
๊ฐ ๋
์ผ์ ์ํฅ๊ถ ์๋์ ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ๋์ธ๋ค์ ์ฒดํฌํ์ฌ ์์ฉ์๋ก ๋ณด๋ด๋ ๋ฐ ์ ๋
ํ๋ค. ์ ๋์ธ ํ์ด์ด ์ ์ ์ ๋ฌํ๋ 1944๋
๋ด, ์์ฐ์๋น์ธ ์ ๊ฐ์ค์ค์์๋ ํ๋ฃจ์ 8์ฒ๋ช
์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ชฉ์จ์ ์์๋ค. ์ฌ์ค ๋์น ์ ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ฐ ๋ถ๋ฌธ ์ค ์ ๋์ธ ๊ฒํ ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋
ธ๋์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ ๊ตฐ์์ฐ์
์ ์์ฐ์ฑ์ ์์ ๊ผฝ์ ์ ๋๋ก ๋... | 185,488 |
57326ae20fdd8d15006c6aab | The_Bronx | The peninsular borough's maritime heritage is acknowledged in several ways.The City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum occupies a former public school designed by the New York City school system's turn-of-the-last-century master architect C. B. J. Snyder. The state's Maritime College in Fort Schuyler (on the... | Who designed the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building? | en | C. B. J. Snyder | 250 | [
"New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history. The city has been home to a number of architects and architectural firms that have left their mark on the city including Ithiel Town and Henry Austin in the 19th century and Cesar Pelli, ... | 185,493 |
57326b24b9d445190005eb0d | The_Bronx | The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott ... | What does the Inner City Press now focus on? | en | national issues | 212 | [
"The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers, both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow ... | 185,498 |
57326b79e17f3d1400422973 | The_Bronx | The City of New York has an official television station run by the NYC Media Group and broadcasting from Bronx Community College, and Cablevision operates News 12 The Bronx, both of which feature programming based in the Bronx. Co-op City was the first area in the Bronx, and the first in New York beyond Manhattan, to h... | Where is the official city TV station broadcast from? | en | Bronx Community College | 105 | [
"CJON-DT, known on air as \"NTV\", is an independent station. The station sublicenses entertainment programming from Global and news programming from CTV and Global, rather than purchasing primary broadcast rights. Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters in St. John's, and their community channel Rogers TV air... | 185,503 |
57326bf10fdd8d15006c6ab5 | The_Bronx | Mid-20th century movies set in the Bronx portrayed densely settled, working-class, urban culture. Hollywood films such as From This Day Forward (1946), set in Highbridge, occasionally delved into Bronx life. Paddy Chayefsky's Academy Award-winning Marty was the most notable examination of working class Bronx life was a... | When was 'From This Day Forward' released? | en | 1946 | 145 | [
"์๋ฐ์ 2009๋
2์ 16์ผ ์์ฝ ํ๋งค๋ฅผ ์์ํ์ฌ 2์ 27์ผ ๋ฐํ๋์๊ณ , ํต์ฐ 50,000์ฅ์ ํ๋งค๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ ์๋ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ด๋๋ ์์
์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด ์๋ฐ์ ํ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ก๋ถํฐ๋ ์๊ฐ๋ฆฐ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ป์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๋ก๊ณก ใ๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ฃผ์คใ๋ ์ ํด์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์กฐ์ฅํ๋ค๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ฒญ์๋
๋ณดํธ์์ํ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ฒญ์๋
์ ํด๋งค์ฒด๋ฌผ ํ์ ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค. ์ฅ๊ธฐํ๋ ์ด ํ์ ์ ๋ํด \"์ํ๊น๋ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋จ ์ ๋ง์ ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ผ ์ต๋ฐฑํธ ์ ์๋์ ใ๋ญ๋ง์ ๋ํ์ฌใ๋ ์ ํดํ ๊ฑด๊ฐ? ๋๋ผ์ง ์์คํค๊ฐ ๋์จ๋ค๊ณ ํด์?\"๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋นํํ๋ค. ๋ฐด๋๋ ์๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋งค์ ๋์์ ์์ธ ํ๋ ์์๋ง๋น์์ ์๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋งค ๊ธฐ๋
... | 185,506 |
57326c5ae99e3014001e6794 | The_Bronx | Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that "The Bronx is burning": in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. The line entered the pop-consciousn... | Where was arson a big problem in the Bronx? | en | the South Bronx | 104 | [
"In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrati... | 185,511 |
57326c8b0fdd8d15006c6abf | The_Bronx | Bronx gang life was depicted in the 1974 novel The Wanderers by Bronx native Richard Price and the 1979 movie of the same name. They are set in the heart of the Bronx, showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor. In the 1979 film The Warriors, the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt ... | When was 'The Wanderers' published? | en | 1974 | 36 | [
"์ด๋ฌํ ์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ ์๊ฒจ๋๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค. ์๋ฆฌ์ ๋ญ๋๋๋ 1380๋
์ด์ ์ ์ฐ์ฌ์ง ใ๋์ฌ๊พผ ํผ์ด์คใ(Piers Plowman)์์ ๋ฒ์ ์ค์ํ๊ณ ์์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ด์ฌํ ์ผํ๋ ์์๋์ ์์ฐฌํ๊ณ , ๋์ ์๊ธ์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ฉฐ ๋ ๋์๋ค๋๋ ํ์์ค๋ฌ์ด ๋
ธ๋์๋ฅผ ๋น๋ํ๋ค. ์์ธ ์กด ๊ฐ์๋ 1358๋
ํ๋์ค์์ ์์๋๋ค์ด ์์ ๋ค์ ๋ง์ ๋ค๊ณ ์ผ์ด๋ ์ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ ๋๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ๋๋ฏผ๋ฐ๋์ด ์๊ธ๋๋์์๋ ๋ฒ์ด์ง๊น ๊ณตํฌ์ ๋จ์๋ค. ์์ ์๋ก ํ๋ฌ๋ค์ด์จ ์๋
ธ๋์๋ค์๊ฒ์ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ํ๊ฐ๊ณผ, ์์ข
๋ค์ด ์์ ์๊ฒ ๋ฑ์ ๋๋ฆด์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ๋๋์ ๊ณตํฉ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค. 1359๋
... | 185,516 |
57326cc2e17f3d1400422979 | The_Bronx | The 1981 film Fort Apache, The Bronx is another film that used the Bronx's gritty image for its storyline. The movie's title is from the nickname for the 41st Police Precinct in the South Bronx which was nicknamed "Fort Apache". Also from 1981 is the horror film Wolfen making use of the rubble of the Bronx as a home fo... | When was 'Fort Apache' released? | en | 1981 | 4 | [
"The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at \"the Forks\" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the ... | 185,520 |
57326cefe99e3014001e67a6 | The_Bronx | Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1998โ2... | When was 'True Love' released? | en | 1989 | 28 | [
"In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album \"sound[s] as if it comes from the heart\". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboar... | 185,523 |
57326d2f0fdd8d15006c6ad1 | The_Bronx | Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa. Robin Williams played the physician; ... | When did "Awakenings" come out? | en | 1990 | 17 | [
"The First Great Awakening was an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept through Protestant Europe and British America, especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism. It resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep p... | 185,526 |
57326d86b9d445190005eb17 | The_Bronx | The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature. All of the characters in Herman Wouk's City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder (1948) live in the Bronx, and about half of the action is set there. Kate Simon's Bronx Primitive: Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical, a warm account o... | When was 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' published? | en | 1948 | 151 | [
"๋ณ๋์ ๊ทธ๋ํฝ ๋
ธ๋ธ ์๋ฆฌ์ฆ ๋ํ ๋ฐ๋งค๋์๋ค. 2013๋
4์ ๋ฐ๋งค๋ ๋ค๋์ ์ฝ๋ฅด์ธํ (Danielle Corsetto) ๊ฐ๋ณธ, ์ญ ์คํธ๋ง(Zack Sterling) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ ใ์ด๋๋ฒค์ฒ ํ์: ๋ถ์ฅ๋ใ(Adventure Time: Playing with Fire)๋ ํ๊ณผ ์ ์ดํฌ์ ํจ๊ป ๋ถ๊ฝ ๊ณต์ฃผ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ๋ชจํ์ ๋ํด ๋ค๋ฃจ์๋ค. ์ํธ์ผ๋ก๋ ํ์ฌ๊น์ง ใํฝ์
๊ณต์ฃผใ(Pixel Princesses, 2013๋
11์ ๋ฐ๋งค), ใ์์ ๋ ๋ใ(Seeing Red, 2014๋
5์), ใ๋นํฐ ์ค์์ธ ใ(Bitter Sweets, 2014๋
11์), ใ๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ธ์ค ์๋ฉ์ด๋ธ์คใ(G... | 185,531 |
57326dbc0fdd8d15006c6adb | The_Bronx | By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals. A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County ... | Who wrote 'Bonfire of the Vanities'? | en | Tom Wolfe | 13 | [
"Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [หpuห.blษช.สs wษrหษกษช.lษช.สs หma.roห]; October 15, 70 BC โ September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /หvษหrdสแตปl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Geo... | 185,536 |
573257950fdd8d15006c69eb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | It threatened the collapse of large financial institutions, which was prevented by the bailout of banks by national governments, but stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant ro... | What action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions? | en | bailout of banks | 87 | [
"This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt ... | 185,541 |
57325b55e17f3d14004228e5 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The bursting of the U.S. (United States) housing bubble, which peaked in 2004, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of policies that encouraged home ownership, providing easier acc... | What year did the U.S. housing bubble peak? | en | 2004 | 73 | [
"The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as a... | 185,546 |
57325ecbe99e3014001e6728 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's LevinโCoburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of "high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the m... | What is the name of the U.S. Senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis? | en | LevinโCoburn Report | 117 | [
"The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that \"the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserveโs failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance i... | 185,551 |
573260db0fdd8d15006c6a65 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the w... | What are MBS as related to the housing and credit booms? | en | mortgage-backed securities | 83 | [
"Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's \"Ten-Year Housing Plan\" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected... | 185,556 |
573263d4b9d445190005eadb | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on o... | What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin? | en | late 2006 | 174 | [
"During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on... | 185,561 |
57329eb1cc179a14009dab72 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | While the housing and credit bubbles were building, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U.S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activ... | What institutions comprise the shadow banking system? | en | investment banks and hedge funds | 567 | [
"In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithnerโwho in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasuryโplaced significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking syste... | 185,566 |
5732a8641d5d2e14009ff885 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic a... | Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007? | en | MBS | 221 | [
"From 2004 to 2007, the top five U.S. investment banks each significantly increased their financial leverage (see diagram), which increased their vulnerability to a financial shock. Changes in capital requirements, intended to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts, allowed lower risk weightin... | 185,571 |
5732aa5bcc179a14009dabdc | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserveโs failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance includi... | When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings? | en | January 2011 | 70 | [
"The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared \"More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over.\" The United States... | 185,576 |
5732ac07328d981900601ffd | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservativ... | What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages? | en | tough competition | 19 | [
"Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years o... | 185,581 |
5732add9cc179a14009dabf0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was ... | How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? | en | six | 79 | [
"Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's LevinโCoburn Report concluded that the crisis was the result of \"high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and... | 185,586 |
5732afd2328d981900602007 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky loan pu... | Which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases? | en | Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | 361 | [
"Another example relates to AIG, which insured obligations of various financial institutions through the usage of credit default swaps. The basic CDS transaction involved AIG receiving a premium in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted. However, AIG did not have the financial... | 185,591 |
5732b191d6dcfa19001e8a7c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and ... | Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s? | en | Bush administration | 32 | [
"2000๋
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ํต๋ น ์ ๊ฑฐ ๋์, ์ฌ๋จ์ ๋ฆ์ ๋์์ด 1990๋
๋ ๋ด๋ด ๋น๋ฒํ ์ ๊ฐ๋ก ์ฌ๋จ์ ์ฌํ๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ ๋นํ ์๊ฐ์ด ์์๋ค๊ณ ์ถ์ ํ๊ณ , \"์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ํํ ์ค๋น๊ฐ ์ ๋์ด ์๋ค(not ready for duty)\"๋ฉฐ ์กฐ์ง W. ๋ถ์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฅํ์ฌ ์ 10์ฐ์
์ฌ๋จ์ ๋์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์ ์น์ ์ด์๊ฐ ๋์๋ค. 2000๋
7์์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฐ๋ฐฉํ๊ณ๊ฐ์ฌ์์ ๊ฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ 10์ฐ์
์ฌ๋จ์ \"์ฌํ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์์์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฃผ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ตฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ(ํนํ ๋ณธ๋ถ)๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์๋ค.\"๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ฒ์ ๋ถ์์ ์ ๊ฐํ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ์ธ๊ธํ๋ค ๋ณด์์ฃผ์ ์ฑํฌํฑํฌ ํค๋ฆฌํฐ์ง ์ฌ๋จ์ ๋์ ์ด ๋๋๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์ ์์ฐ์ด ... | 185,596 |
5732b3a5328d981900602017 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage lendin... | What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998? | en | $467 billion | 117 | [
"Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years o... | 185,601 |
5732b589cc179a14009dac1e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Fed... | When did CRA make rule changes to relax underwriting standards? | en | 1995 | 262 | [
"A 2000 United States Department of the Treasury study of lending trends for 305 cities from 1993 to 1998 showed that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders into low and mid level income (LMI) borrowers and neighborhoods, representing 10% of all U.S. mortgage l... | 185,606 |
5732b89acc179a14009dac32 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There werenโt enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product.... | What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers? | en | credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs. | 516 | [
"This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt ... | 185,611 |
5732bad2cc179a14009dac3c | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubbleโeven a large bubbleโhas the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997โ2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | Peter J. Wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis? | en | substandard | 633 | [
"In his dissent to the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, American Enterprise Institute fellow Peter J. Wallison stated his belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced directly and primarily to affordable housing policies initiated by HUD in the 1990s and to massive risky lo... | 185,616 |
57332627d058e614000b5744 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? | en | Krugman | 0 | [
"The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy... | 185,621 |
573328a6d058e614000b574e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the sup... | What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies? | en | collateralized debt obligation | 509 | [
"This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insura... | 185,626 |
57332ba74776f41900660730 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool... | What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime? | en | collateralized debt obligation | 4 | [
"As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around ... | 185,631 |
57332d064776f4190066074e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid-2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable-rate mortgages could not refinance to avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During 2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings o... | How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008? | en | over 20% | 63 | [
"There is a direct relationship between declines in wealth and declines in consumption and business investment, which along with government spending, represent the economic engine. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost an estimated average of more than a quarter of their collective net worth.[citation... | 185,636 |
573332054776f41900660774 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003? | en | 1.0% | 133 | [
"The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as a... | 185,641 |
573334094776f41900660786 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil... | Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? | en | $650 billion | 93 | [
"Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Euro... | 185,646 |
573335cbd058e614000b5780 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | When did the Fed begin raising Fed funds rate significantly? | en | July 2004 | 61 | [
"Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early... | 185,651 |
573337db4776f41900660798 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution? | en | Citigroup | 205 | [
"Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank B... | 185,656 |
5733399bd058e614000b5794 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In separate testimony to Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, officers of Clayton Holdingsโthe largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europeโtestified that Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 revealed that scar... | Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company? | en | Clayton Holdings | 74 | [
"Economist Mark Zandi testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010: \"The securitization markets also remain impaired, as investors anticipate more loan losses. Investors are also uncertain about coming legal and accounting rule changes and regulatory reforms. Private bond issuance of reside... | 185,661 |
57333ba64776f419006607ac | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensi... | What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans? | en | Predatory lending | 0 | [
"IndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrowerโs income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMacโs business model was to offer loan products to fit the borrowerโs needs... | 185,666 |
57333da94776f419006607be | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs... | Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising? | en | California Attorney General Jerry Brown | 21 | [
"2007๋
8์ 17์ผ, ํ๊ฒจ๋ ๋ 1๋ฉด์์ <\"BBK ๋ฑ 3๊ณณ 100% ์ด๋ช
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๋ฐ - ๊น๊ฒฝ์ค ๋น๋ฐ๊ณ์ฝ์' ์ค์ฒด ํ์ธ๋ '๋์ ํญ๋ฐ๋ ฅ'> ๋ฑ์ ๋ณด๋ํ๋ค. 2007๋
8์, ์ด๋ช
๋ฐ์ ํ๊ฒจ๋ ๊ฐ '์ด๋ช
๋ฐ์ด BBK์ ์ค์ ์์ ์ฃผ'๋ผ๋ ๊น๊ฒฝ์ค์ ์ธํฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํด '๋ช
์๋ฅผ ํผ์๋นํ๋ค'๋ฉฐ ํ๊ฒจ๋ ๋ฅผ ์๋๋ก 50์ต ์์ ์ํด๋ฐฐ์ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์์ก์ ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค. ์ด๋ช
๋ฐ์ 50์ต ์์ ์์๋ฃ ์ค 5000๋ง ์์ ์ฐ์ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ๋ ์ํด๋ฐฐ์ ์์ก์ ์ ๊ธฐํ๋ค. 2009๋
2์, ์์ธ์ค์์ง๋ฒ์ \"ํผ๊ณ ๊ฐ 3000๋ง ์์ ๋ฐฐ์ํ๋ผ\"๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ณ ์ผ๋ถ ์น์ ํ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ด... | 185,671 |
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