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The dataset generation failed because of a cast error
Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 1 new columns ({'ctxs'}) and 1 missing columns ({'instruction'}).
This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/notoookay/rag-ler_train_data/reranker_train.jsonl (at revision ad343d28da63c2028a8dad5250113d3a836f122b)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1870, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 622, in write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2292, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2240, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
id: string
input: string
output: string
dataset_name: string
ctxs: list<item: struct<id: string, title: string, text: string, score: string, hasanswer: bool>>
child 0, item: struct<id: string, title: string, text: string, score: string, hasanswer: bool>
child 0, id: string
child 1, title: string
child 2, text: string
child 3, score: string
child 4, hasanswer: bool
to
{'id': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'input': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'output': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'instruction': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'dataset_name': Value(dtype='string', id=None)}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1417, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1049, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 924, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1000, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1741, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1872, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 1 new columns ({'ctxs'}) and 1 missing columns ({'instruction'}).
This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/notoookay/rag-ler_train_data/reranker_train.jsonl (at revision ad343d28da63c2028a8dad5250113d3a836f122b)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
id string | input string | output string | instruction string | dataset_name string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
squad_110474 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Printed_circuit_board) When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (P... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_53725 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Korean_War) At dawn on Sunday, 25 June 1950, the Korean People's Army crossed the 38th parallel behind artillery fire. The KPA justified its assault with the claim that ROK troops had attacked first, and that they were aiming to arrest and execute the "bandit traitor Syngman Rhee". Fighting... | Ongjin peninsula | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_118059 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Namibia) Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated by the cold, north-flowing Benguela current of the Atlantic Ocean which accounts for very low precipitation (50 mm per year or less), frequent dense fog, and overall lower temperatures than in the rest of the country. In Winter,... | sand storms | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_14512 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Pub) CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland... | Northern Ireland | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_6674 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Dog) Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female do... | urinary incontinence | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_123764 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Armenians) Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today ex... | the Armenian Genocide | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_68964 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Literature) The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing') tradition. This is the definition used in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Editi... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_111111 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Greeks) During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Medi... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_92773 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Software_testing) Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation ... | software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_2091 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess) At the time of its release, Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics, including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, and The Washington... | Game of the Year | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_19067 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Daylight_saving_time) Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.
Question:
Where do computers usually use... | internally | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_108877 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis) Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_94784 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Neoclassical_architecture) Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of st... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_62480 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Data_compression) In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the audio signal. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; speech coding, or voice coding, is sometimes distin... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_9779 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)) The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals ar... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_88527 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: War_on_Terror) On 7 August 1998, al-Qaeda struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans. In retaliation, U.S. President Bill Clinton launched Operation Infinite Reach, a bombing campaign in Sudan and Afghanistan against targets the U.S. asserted... | Operation Infinite Reach | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_43127 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Eritrea) When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian gove... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_126120 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Humanism) Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativ... | Abraham Maslow | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_121964 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: YouTube) In February 2015, YouTube announced the launch of a new app specifically for use by children visiting the site, called YouTube Kids. It allows parental controls and restrictions on who can upload content, and is available for both Android and iOS devices. Later on August 26, 2015, ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_13590 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the Octobe... | Russian Provisional Government | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_113960 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Association_football) Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules o... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_62647 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) Research commissioned by Cecil King from Mark Abrams of Sussex University, The Newspaper Reading Public of Tomorrow, identified demographic changes which suggested reasons why the Herald might be in decline. The new paper was intended to add a readership of 'social... | 3.5 million | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_6563 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Dog) In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the... | hound | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_25728 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Near_East) It has pleased western historians to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire as though a stable and uncontested polity of that name once existed. The borders did expand and contract but they were always dynamic and always in "question" right from the beginning. The Ottoman Empir... | to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_45418 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States) Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin,... | 18 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_21009 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Dialect) After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language.
Question:
When did collaboration between Moscow and the Axis powers cause the Ukraine to change pol... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_109906 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Tucson,_Arizona) The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation. Raytheon Missile Systems (formerly Hughes Aircraft Co.)... | Intuit Inc. | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_31641 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Copper) Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass... | efficiency standards | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_17179 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Catalan_language) In 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in... | La Franja | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_75309 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: North_Carolina) In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North C... | NHL | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_100015 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Education) In the past, those who were disabled were often not eligible for public education. Children with disabilities were repeatedly denied an education by physicians or special tutors. These early physicians (people like Itard, Seguin, Howe, Gallaudet) set the foundation for special ed... | physicians or special tutors | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_12911 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Oklahoma_City) The "Core-to-Shore" project was created to relocate I-40 one mile (1.6 km) south and replace it with a boulevard to create a landscaped entrance to the city. This also allows the central portion of the city to expand south and connect with the shore of the Oklahoma River. Sev... | 2009 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_28463 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Black_people) In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely r... | Sudan | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_18433 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Paper) Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper ... | Laidlines | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_118494 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Russian_language) The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are t... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_112863 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: San_Diego) The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates... | two | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_80087 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Sichuan) Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_16687 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Canon_law) The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a bo... | confessional | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_13444 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund) The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimeh... | developing countries | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_47715 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Ashkenazi_Jews) In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yeme... | all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_31972 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Identity_(social_science)) Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupa... | identity | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_19843 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: University_of_Kansas) KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and th... | the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_22707 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Southampton) The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 Local Government ... | 1992 Local Government Act | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_10617 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Architecture) Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Question:
... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_110824 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Greeks) The evolution of Proto-Greek should be considered within the context of an early Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages. The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_17660 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Universal_Studios) On March 15, 1915,:8 Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km²) converted farm just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio management became the third facet of Universal's operations, with ... | March 15, 1915 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_70486 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Nigeria) NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution,... | Abuja | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_54898 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Royal_Dutch_Shell) On 20 May 2011, Royal Dutch Shell's final investment decision for the world's first floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility was finalized following the discovery of the remote offshore Prelude field—located off Australia's northwestern coast and estimated to contai... | 3 trillion | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_127474 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Tajikistan) The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_114637 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead) Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself re... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_12662 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Sony_Music_Entertainment) In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh ... | 1888 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_9454 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces) The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support a... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_11492 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger) Schwarzenegger was the first civilian to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee's manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummers they sold were also purchase... | Hummers | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_110815 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Greeks) The evolution of Proto-Greek should be considered within the context of an early Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages. The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_118513 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Russian_language) The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, ... | the languages of Western Europe | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_24547 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Alps) Various models of climate change have been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps, with an expectation that a trend toward increased temperatures will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff.
Question:
What has been projected into the 22nd century for ... | Various models of climate change | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_22249 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Slavs) The relationship between the Slavs and a tribe called the Veneti east of the River Vistula in the Roman period is uncertain. The name may refer both to Balts and Slavs.
Question:
What were the Slavs east of? | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_37924 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: ASCII) ASCII developed from telegraphic codes. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association's (ASA) X3.2 subcommittee. The first ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_57272 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Germans) Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern E... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_5496 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Buddhism) Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "d... | meditative | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_123024 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Bras%C3%ADlia) Until the 1980s, the governor of the Federal District was appointed by the Federal Government, and the laws of Brasília were issued by the Brazilian Federal Senate. With the Constitution of 1988 Brasília gained the right to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly (Câmara ... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_23834 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Marshall_Islands) The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines.
Question:
In what month does the Marshal... | November | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_108236 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Hyderabad) In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the N... | Peshwa of the Maratha Empire | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_26644 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: High-definition_television) Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. T... | develops and agrees upon specifications | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_12573 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Christian) The Chinese word is 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Cristo".[citation needed] In Vietnam, the same two characters read Cơ đốc,... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_34631 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Everton_F.C.) Everton were founder members of the Premier League in 1992, but struggled to find the right manager. Howard Kendall had returned in 1990 but could not repeat his previous success, while his successor, Mike Walker, was statistically the least successful Everton manager to date.... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_88885 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Labour_Party_(UK)) The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. Wi... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_77760 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Hindu_philosophy) Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dual... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_110460 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Bacteria) Though it was known in the nineteenth century that bacteria are the cause of many diseases, no effective antibacterial treatments were available. In 1910, Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic, by changing dyes that selectively stained Treponema pallidum — the spirochaete th... | In 1910 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_53050 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Arsenal_F.C.) Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time; in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip. In 1920,... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_116969 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System) Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e] While Nintendo took ... | the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_79403 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Cork_(city)) Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the route now reaches the city centre terminus of... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_107383 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: 51st_state) Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and cour... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_15502 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Aspirated_consonant) Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.
Question:
Which ... | North Sami | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_114347 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Georgian_architecture) Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an over-sized lathe... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_74863 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Child_labour) Factories and mines were not the only places where child labour was prevalent in the early 20th century. Home-based manufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children as well. Governments and reformers argued that labour in factories must be regulated and the ... | because it allowed them to generate income while taking care of household duties. | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_5612 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Buddhism) The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (a... | Early Buddhism | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_29749 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: MP3) The MP3 lossy audio data compression algorithm takes advantage of a perceptual limitation of human hearing called auditory masking. In 1894, the American physicist Alfred M. Mayer reported that a tone could be rendered inaudible by another tone of lower frequency. In 1959, Richard Ehme... | perceptual limitation | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_79761 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: USB) The standard connectors were deliberately intended to enforce the directed topology of a USB network: Type-A receptacles on host devices that supply power and Type-B receptacles on target devices that draw power. This prevents users from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies t... | draw power | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_1770 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: IPod) In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is ove... | A8 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_91834 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Apollo) Daphne was a nymph, daughter of the river god Peneus, who had scorned Apollo. The myth explains the connection of Apollo with δάφνη (daphnē), the laurel whose leaves his priestess employed at Delphi. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Phoebus Apollo chaffs Cupid for toying with a weapon more ... | Peneus | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_111147 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Greeks) Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church... | Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_103022 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Elevator) Safety testing of mine shaft elevator rails is routinely undertaken. The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable. The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds. Each end of the segment is then secured in a large, hydraulic stretching mach... | destructive testing | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_7942 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Republic_of_the_Congo) Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.
Question:
What was an important... | political repression | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_128304 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Montana) Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls ... | 2013 | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_15699 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Hydrogen) In inorganic chemistry, hydrides can also serve as bridging ligands that link two metal centers in a coordination complex. This function is particularly common in group 13 elements, especially in boranes (boron hydrides) and aluminium complexes, as well as in clustered carboranes.... | inorganic chemistry | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_91683 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Paris) Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million pas... | 96.5 million | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_40659 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare) The ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments. For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with ... | smallest mounts | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_8839 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Dutch_Republic) Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa an... | Africa and the Pacific | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_21913 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Classical_music) Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were ch... | the violin | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_115321 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Antibiotics) There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the ... | animal husbandry | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_9772 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)) The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.
Quest... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_106024 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Quran) The Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of God and the resurrection. Narratives of the early prophets, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and prayer also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_45329 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States) Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, whi... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_90746 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Insect) Insects can be divided into two groups historically treated as subclasses: wingless insects, known as Apterygota, and winged insects, known as Pterygota. The Apterygota consist of the primitively wingless order of the silverfish (Thysanura). Archaeognatha make up the Monocondylia ba... | Archaeognatha | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_115041 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead) Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching a... | American progressive theology | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_105668 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Han_dynasty) Following Huan's death, Dou Wu and the Grand Tutor Chen Fan (陳蕃) (d. 168 AD) attempted a coup d'état against the eunuchs Hou Lan (d. 172 AD), Cao Jie (d. 181 AD), and Wang Fu (王甫). When the plot was uncovered, the eunuchs arrested Empress Dowager Dou (d. 172 AD) and Chen Fan. G... | the eunuchs | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_103156 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Neptune) Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly ni... | [No Answer] | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_45662 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: Age_of_Enlightenment) There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment, inspired by the philosophy of Spinoza, advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority; and a second, more moderate variety, suppo... | Spinoza | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
squad_41507 | Context:
Document 1: (Title: United_States_Army) The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and America... | Cold War | Answer the following question based on the provided contexts. You may use one or more provided contexts. | squad_v2 |
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