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708.3349 | Sharp phase transition and critical behaviour in 2D divide and colour
models | Consider subcritical Bernoulli bond percolation with fixed parameter p<p_c.
We define a dependent site percolation model by the following procedure: for
each bond cluster, we colour all vertices in the cluster black with probability
r and white with probability 1-r, independently of each other. On the square
lattice, defining the critical probabilities for the site model and its dual,
r_c(p) and r_c^*(p) respectively, as usual, we prove that r_c(p)+r_c^*(p)=1 for
all subcritical p. On the triangular lattice, where our method also works, this
leads to r_c(p)=1/2, for all subcritical p. On both lattices, we obtain
exponential decay of cluster sizes below r_c(p), divergence of the mean cluster
size at r_c(p), and continuity of the percolation function in r on [0,1]. We
also discuss possible extensions of our results, and formulate some natural
conjectures. Our methods rely on duality considerations and on recent
extensions of the classical RSW theorem.
| math.PR math-ph math.MP | consider subcritical bernoulli bond percolation with fixed parameter pp_c we define a dependent site percolation model by the following procedure for each bond cluster we colour all vertices in the cluster black with probability r and white with probability 1r independently of each other on the square lattice defining the critical probabilities for the site model and its dual r_cp and r_cp respectively as usual we prove that r_cpr_cp1 for all subcritical p on the triangular lattice where our method also works this leads to r_cp12 for all subcritical p on both lattices we obtain exponential decay of cluster sizes below r_cp divergence of the mean cluster size at r_cp and continuity of the percolation function in r on 01 we also discuss possible extensions of our results and formulate some natural conjectures our methods rely on duality considerations and on recent extensions of the classical rsw theorem | [['consider', 'subcritical', 'bernoulli', 'bond', 'percolation', 'with', 'fixed', 'parameter', 'pp_c', 'we', 'define', 'a', 'dependent', 'site', 'percolation', 'model', 'by', 'the', 'following', 'procedure', 'for', 'each', 'bond', 'cluster', 'we', 'colour', 'all', 'vertices', 'in', 'the', 'cluster', 'black', 'with', 'probability', 'r', 'and', 'white', 'with', 'probability', '1r', 'independently', 'of', 'each', 'other', 'on', 'the', 'square', 'lattice', 'defining', 'the', 'critical', 'probabilities', 'for', 'the', 'site', 'model', 'and', 'its', 'dual', 'r_cp', 'and', 'r_cp', 'respectively', 'as', 'usual', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'r_cpr_cp1', 'for', 'all', 'subcritical', 'p', 'on', 'the', 'triangular', 'lattice', 'where', 'our', 'method', 'also', 'works', 'this', 'leads', 'to', 'r_cp12', 'for', 'all', 'subcritical', 'p', 'on', 'both', 'lattices', 'we', 'obtain', 'exponential', 'decay', 'of', 'cluster', 'sizes', 'below', 'r_cp', 'divergence', 'of', 'the', 'mean', 'cluster', 'size', 'at', 'r_cp', 'and', 'continuity', 'of', 'the', 'percolation', 'function', 'in', 'r', 'on', '01', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'possible', 'extensions', 'of', 'our', 'results', 'and', 'formulate', 'some', 'natural', 'conjectures', 'our', 'methods', 'rely', 'on', 'duality', 'considerations', 'and', 'on', 'recent', 'extensions', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'rsw', 'theorem']] | [-0.05513590864505466, 0.1482036271521643, -0.059235379249750544, 0.07492494908056209, -0.017009013646588442, -0.17490526916433688, 0.12139148887785867, 0.3671042548798739, -0.24327878053108715, -0.21158873182019755, 0.07903149374043059, -0.2886984380702042, -0.10997195225464154, 0.15890843857857972, -0.018305703468161495, 0.05666771288028255, 0.020070834174650172, 0.08939912544893522, -0.06769526061125113, -0.2919353662993223, 0.33267425244820803, 0.004467281819104332, 0.2433673856247293, 0.09026257824296234, 0.05354792817674373, 0.07807604646731219, -0.003688619118056273, 0.016444740555415005, -0.2671300138904309, 0.08047277821955105, 0.14786103703974657, 0.07306780359765183, 0.23570019698204242, -0.3586332674157385, -0.16907115465935882, 0.12045235470039388, 0.11837249167978346, 0.07285088946092363, -0.0006572325914868549, -0.2613943125877198, 0.11911597045948602, -0.16779391495000623, -0.1468907476192315, -0.005860913500240813, 0.05105910105917807, 0.10534647035680406, -0.2998441153473846, 0.12721311574289895, 0.08575994000221564, 0.04613497914656301, -0.056283562156301606, -0.19988984375560578, -0.001274645575704946, 0.08451166269584712, 0.020618278967784336, 0.057072873613223024, 0.12410267097684108, -0.09549357361090051, -0.1461534137783368, 0.3719425687589523, -0.020867500457376856, -0.15529733805754542, 0.16716655109345607, -0.18367395376824863, -0.20907131046031233, 0.05632460756508047, 0.1454793017902587, 0.08954977475693576, -0.0656483469862644, 0.1073673936125363, -0.06776164587083183, 0.12486384076079073, 0.08159757286871541, -0.0014662405361153491, 0.13792206725577683, 0.12834300069227714, 0.10877438693599176, 0.14509102476765529, -0.09002814249594836, -0.12250833419727301, -0.3422864069013971, -0.09200270003192637, -0.17487188124605008, 0.06099102779910326, -0.206736628994966, -0.17169330699994445, 0.32081667868155755, 0.13002134571035315, 0.23095460190622724, 0.11227655379509885, 0.18873420693075973, 0.11097161341554243, 0.03785834730003182, 0.0655017438519978, 0.15706129827674586, 0.1617929311564881, 0.05336289301718751, -0.18966799542588525, 0.03216633650758113, 0.13586632922381062] |
708.335 | Measurement of particle and bubble accelerations in turbulence | We use an extended laser Doppler technique to track optically the velocity of
individual particles in a high Reynolds number turbulent flow. The particle
sizes are of the order of the Kolmogorov scale and the time resolution, 30
microseconds, resolves the fastest scales of the fluid motion. Particles are
tracked for mean durations of the order of 10 Kolmogorov time scales. The
fastest scales of the particle motion are resolved and the particle
acceleration is measured. For neutrally buoyant particles, our measurement
matches the performance of the silicon strip detector technique introduced at
Cornell University \cite{Voth,MordantCornell}. This reference dynamics is then
compared to that of slightly heavier solid particles (density 1.4) and to air
bubbles. We observe that the acceleration variance strongly depends on the
particle density: bubbles experience higher accelerations than fluid particles,
while heavier particles have lower accelerations. We find that the probability
distribution functions of accelerations normalized to the variance are very
close although the air bubbles have a much faster dynamics.
| physics.flu-dyn | we use an extended laser doppler technique to track optically the velocity of individual particles in a high reynolds number turbulent flow the particle sizes are of the order of the kolmogorov scale and the time resolution 30 microseconds resolves the fastest scales of the fluid motion particles are tracked for mean durations of the order of 10 kolmogorov time scales the fastest scales of the particle motion are resolved and the particle acceleration is measured for neutrally buoyant particles our measurement matches the performance of the silicon strip detector technique introduced at cornell university citevothmordantcornell this reference dynamics is then compared to that of slightly heavier solid particles density 14 and to air bubbles we observe that the acceleration variance strongly depends on the particle density bubbles experience higher accelerations than fluid particles while heavier particles have lower accelerations we find that the probability distribution functions of accelerations normalized to the variance are very close although the air bubbles have a much faster dynamics | [['we', 'use', 'an', 'extended', 'laser', 'doppler', 'technique', 'to', 'track', 'optically', 'the', 'velocity', 'of', 'individual', 'particles', 'in', 'a', 'high', 'reynolds', 'number', 'turbulent', 'flow', 'the', 'particle', 'sizes', 'are', 'of', 'the', 'order', 'of', 'the', 'kolmogorov', 'scale', 'and', 'the', 'time', 'resolution', '30', 'microseconds', 'resolves', 'the', 'fastest', 'scales', 'of', 'the', 'fluid', 'motion', 'particles', 'are', 'tracked', 'for', 'mean', 'durations', 'of', 'the', 'order', 'of', '10', 'kolmogorov', 'time', 'scales', 'the', 'fastest', 'scales', 'of', 'the', 'particle', 'motion', 'are', 'resolved', 'and', 'the', 'particle', 'acceleration', 'is', 'measured', 'for', 'neutrally', 'buoyant', 'particles', 'our', 'measurement', 'matches', 'the', 'performance', 'of', 'the', 'silicon', 'strip', 'detector', 'technique', 'introduced', 'at', 'cornell', 'university', 'citevothmordantcornell', 'this', 'reference', 'dynamics', 'is', 'then', 'compared', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'slightly', 'heavier', 'solid', 'particles', 'density', '14', 'and', 'to', 'air', 'bubbles', 'we', 'observe', 'that', 'the', 'acceleration', 'variance', 'strongly', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'particle', 'density', 'bubbles', 'experience', 'higher', 'accelerations', 'than', 'fluid', 'particles', 'while', 'heavier', 'particles', 'have', 'lower', 'accelerations', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'probability', 'distribution', 'functions', 'of', 'accelerations', 'normalized', 'to', 'the', 'variance', 'are', 'very', 'close', 'although', 'the', 'air', 'bubbles', 'have', 'a', 'much', 'faster', 'dynamics']] | [-0.08956908291239836, 0.28362631116698783, -0.10072045377171712, 0.07584503893641097, -0.015048224829625702, -0.08466032336085536, -0.04851965335901917, 0.3617155276829513, -0.2274108380817513, -0.36867341438944384, 0.04653143230470738, -0.2966771232043734, 0.028462425426568655, 0.1861407976010502, -0.009937360490922158, 0.056982186557611496, 0.06415167226592397, 0.019527261912050408, -0.013095004695592584, -0.21182423345914975, 0.22516971562347352, 0.1547680109052169, 0.26412774439583103, 0.000618995813987922, 0.1472557901984035, -0.08753715150864659, -0.03580760472970901, 0.043171687045975064, -0.14685172380849532, 0.05372129321927432, 0.1406320547798603, 0.03522943935027664, 0.2641369796630631, -0.44547461404851296, -0.1866142791440347, 0.07953473524667504, 0.17962974098102166, 0.10014241748551907, -0.04608635487185405, -0.25307629618044125, 0.05118509281352844, -0.15151855811226841, -0.16479547889108156, 0.015766207486527357, 0.05648984730800205, 0.05949018243948713, -0.20754971910018202, 0.13582490072812795, 0.018239107308057476, 0.03442880698684149, -0.05123975032531634, -0.09714511933554781, 0.0072321548231695666, 0.09058210257974612, 0.08170182850544068, 0.003215080825611949, 0.2554709035704458, -0.13906280796267886, -0.06607402599041873, 0.4053229384306001, -0.08187586145815169, -0.1828713522423286, 0.23046697601789562, -0.22674986566757646, -0.039272788331400965, 0.24300858558996058, 0.20239466576405415, 0.13040641665731262, -0.09185034213814794, 0.006608276832749408, -0.01721317800494456, 0.21128306686651052, 0.12102430776612004, 0.0006537400782335458, 0.18319288502119357, 0.16936322848281324, 0.08420742004428332, 0.08683017511474446, -0.1925140771313525, -0.11233665627887382, -0.24806282449323433, -0.1776402405047986, -0.1853908186483129, -0.005730584993526884, -0.12533433898893348, -0.12876426770136032, 0.36650488462594405, 0.1547437553157712, 0.17758949757440062, 0.09871651985250958, 0.30241137269242646, 0.10115102957721187, 0.047797084741809735, 0.14210168589417618, 0.28265576312182156, 0.11273857346940332, 0.13870923005175073, -0.2435170474104447, 0.041509626917370666, 0.04997688057838098] |
708.3351 | Quasi-quark spectrum in the chiral symmetric phase from the
Schwinger-Dyson equation | We non-perturbatively study the fermion spectrum in the chiral symmetric
phase from the Schwinger-Dyson equation with the Feynman gauge, in which we
perform an analytic continuation of the solution on the imaginary time axis to
the real time axis with a method employing an integral equation. It is shown
that the fermion spectrum has two peaks, which correspond to the normal
quasi-fermion and the plasmino, although these peaks in the strong coupling
region are very broad, owing to multiple scatterings with gauge bosons. We find
that the thermal mass of the quasi-fermion saturates at some value of the gauge
coupling, beyond which the thermal (pole) mass satisfies $M \sim T$,
independently of the value of the gauge coupling. We also comment on the
appearance of a three-peak structure in the fermion spectrum as a
non-perturbative effect.
| hep-ph | we nonperturbatively study the fermion spectrum in the chiral symmetric phase from the schwingerdyson equation with the feynman gauge in which we perform an analytic continuation of the solution on the imaginary time axis to the real time axis with a method employing an integral equation it is shown that the fermion spectrum has two peaks which correspond to the normal quasifermion and the plasmino although these peaks in the strong coupling region are very broad owing to multiple scatterings with gauge bosons we find that the thermal mass of the quasifermion saturates at some value of the gauge coupling beyond which the thermal pole mass satisfies m sim t independently of the value of the gauge coupling we also comment on the appearance of a threepeak structure in the fermion spectrum as a nonperturbative effect | [['we', 'nonperturbatively', 'study', 'the', 'fermion', 'spectrum', 'in', 'the', 'chiral', 'symmetric', 'phase', 'from', 'the', 'schwingerdyson', 'equation', 'with', 'the', 'feynman', 'gauge', 'in', 'which', 'we', 'perform', 'an', 'analytic', 'continuation', 'of', 'the', 'solution', 'on', 'the', 'imaginary', 'time', 'axis', 'to', 'the', 'real', 'time', 'axis', 'with', 'a', 'method', 'employing', 'an', 'integral', 'equation', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'fermion', 'spectrum', 'has', 'two', 'peaks', 'which', 'correspond', 'to', 'the', 'normal', 'quasifermion', 'and', 'the', 'plasmino', 'although', 'these', 'peaks', 'in', 'the', 'strong', 'coupling', 'region', 'are', 'very', 'broad', 'owing', 'to', 'multiple', 'scatterings', 'with', 'gauge', 'bosons', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'thermal', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'quasifermion', 'saturates', 'at', 'some', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'gauge', 'coupling', 'beyond', 'which', 'the', 'thermal', 'pole', 'mass', 'satisfies', 'm', 'sim', 't', 'independently', 'of', 'the', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'gauge', 'coupling', 'we', 'also', 'comment', 'on', 'the', 'appearance', 'of', 'a', 'threepeak', 'structure', 'in', 'the', 'fermion', 'spectrum', 'as', 'a', 'nonperturbative', 'effect']] | [-0.1608991525401293, 0.18527767773198053, -0.12184424004208066, 0.037613364377380894, -0.08392044293064185, -0.09342592576628223, 0.02869048896793495, 0.353185824055211, -0.20726659495438285, -0.2653496869504178, 0.05090158913791289, -0.286550936398699, -0.10581188795485479, 0.12401405753232264, 0.07206989082945203, 0.010825082639177494, 0.013286203214460435, 0.07037541784880244, -0.08818971005230732, -0.19745867519968135, 0.3544070800108945, 0.020226502695175654, 0.24224685298224144, 0.10603502216091489, 0.0829701068920686, 0.0021446662696475603, 0.034787984352613634, -0.043249948799391, -0.10255457584111462, 0.008722914985435851, 0.17595728195738047, -0.012149560601542094, 0.19332028707824922, -0.3461751303197268, -0.15801232938846463, 0.08605349902748405, 0.15665066517163617, 0.10147398981173276, -0.04025905801031245, -0.2788089811527992, 0.03963688765447039, -0.14228032651590183, -0.17672763852854534, -0.04975100330878323, -0.018306909224894995, -0.08033630939077258, -0.2775133956238278, 0.10844322965589098, -0.014756840913940002, 0.00993533003517822, -0.05766669837462627, -0.1173292746534571, -0.07419550797545954, 0.0673613248475115, 0.13008521452181465, 0.04675040882156121, 0.1034565754035772, -0.17066275041468223, -0.07085530319155249, 0.3942746623172699, -0.12585634424399092, -0.17632302987690576, 0.15691692649510086, -0.18734606727957726, -0.12845100189203068, 0.1590583330766736, 0.10912702202639434, 0.11754216324291467, -0.12945009689300443, 0.16058884595943657, -0.05776152038015425, 0.15181006897781865, 0.06418084254940315, 0.04863189132747186, 0.2388975975302267, 0.09708852523266721, 0.029182832866140148, 0.1078816773438388, -0.08218549761702032, -0.11973315657472566, -0.3371596975660342, -0.12239102748058298, -0.18340762858689927, 0.0796126455123372, -0.1170700689064474, -0.19625110311415697, 0.4117195770206094, 0.16225391535280162, 0.23546379929928876, 0.049149032212239145, 0.24785771244719132, 0.1950257989605341, 0.11637498745318119, 0.05278528947040767, 0.2655541771478859, 0.17893971023937305, 0.11454142117188038, -0.32290718429687654, -0.06949147099272951, 0.07353759353110731] |
708.3352 | Bounds on 2m/r for static perfect fluids | For spherically symmetric relativistic perfect fluid models, the well-known
Buchdahl inequality provides the bound $2 M/R \leq 8/9$, where $R$ denotes the
surface radius and $M$ the total mass of a solution. By assuming that the ratio
$p/\rho$ be bounded, where $p$ is the pressure, $\rho$ the density of
solutions, we prove a sharper inequality of the same type, which depends on the
actual bound imposed on $p/\rho$. As a special case, when we assume the
dominant energy condition $p/\rho \leq 1$, we obtain $2 M/R \leq 6/7$.
| gr-qc | for spherically symmetric relativistic perfect fluid models the wellknown buchdahl inequality provides the bound 2 mr leq 89 where r denotes the surface radius and m the total mass of a solution by assuming that the ratio prho be bounded where p is the pressure rho the density of solutions we prove a sharper inequality of the same type which depends on the actual bound imposed on prho as a special case when we assume the dominant energy condition prho leq 1 we obtain 2 mr leq 67 | [['for', 'spherically', 'symmetric', 'relativistic', 'perfect', 'fluid', 'models', 'the', 'wellknown', 'buchdahl', 'inequality', 'provides', 'the', 'bound', '2', 'mr', 'leq', '89', 'where', 'r', 'denotes', 'the', 'surface', 'radius', 'and', 'm', 'the', 'total', 'mass', 'of', 'a', 'solution', 'by', 'assuming', 'that', 'the', 'ratio', 'prho', 'be', 'bounded', 'where', 'p', 'is', 'the', 'pressure', 'rho', 'the', 'density', 'of', 'solutions', 'we', 'prove', 'a', 'sharper', 'inequality', 'of', 'the', 'same', 'type', 'which', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'actual', 'bound', 'imposed', 'on', 'prho', 'as', 'a', 'special', 'case', 'when', 'we', 'assume', 'the', 'dominant', 'energy', 'condition', 'prho', 'leq', '1', 'we', 'obtain', '2', 'mr', 'leq', '67']] | [-0.17090867589947514, 0.12735972429668022, -0.04805890466509895, 0.04891711311144966, -0.03505953807193278, -0.20053938126974655, 0.017798846957951107, 0.22695791933008216, -0.2181666869437322, -0.32631121307018807, 0.06786162036322904, -0.27661430057064124, -0.049975654157936915, 0.14582695452951489, -0.011400363820774312, -0.0008686084554276683, -0.02369617643258111, 0.12154133590361611, -0.1115582816683772, -0.21965574102465657, 0.3448591803793203, 0.0026256082505411046, 0.24655691282400352, 0.08895573273978451, 0.0745570964328098, 0.008320287444141948, 0.05267346956745975, 0.012477339943870902, -0.2799823590537265, 0.008637632859807292, 0.1462657191724578, 0.12328763602206229, 0.2457564048130404, -0.345724857528694, -0.1589934200217778, 0.1647923175478354, 0.1310435273176567, 0.016436288147815503, -0.0329298552559604, -0.2331291396112647, 0.12780287050091746, -0.1376459155289922, -0.1720104459514418, 0.04615489904112606, 0.09807117038872093, 0.021237382144053383, -0.34679590960414236, 0.18598305449863387, 0.11078285418493165, -0.004841347563673149, -0.1536494756345002, -0.19982073046478696, -0.046091199926608664, -0.006168278765967857, 0.015354166852458466, 0.07007875633743507, 0.09804906345776875, -0.13467231492342596, 0.03929711326914416, 0.3594485356641764, -0.08701572853764943, -0.21246934497982942, 0.08572598178447648, -0.18919013092950496, -0.09811259221962908, 0.08753081341141793, 0.12547851489878006, 0.19587044813670218, -0.042448333124081146, 0.18428271995600715, -0.10542348741596057, 0.2125478215682299, 0.1149478773586452, -0.02566835553575815, 0.11288347663569519, 0.07383597622868944, 0.1080779619356194, 0.10785063315283465, -0.10138834173664112, -0.028322373850228774, -0.36925850514804054, -0.17895713537820318, -0.22445106246397534, 0.1450599574335766, -0.16704838074176884, -0.09755395966666666, 0.2662163243565539, 0.013776101632340049, 0.19390628828180276, 0.07178453258794351, 0.2420304056934335, 0.13306442758105483, -0.027381946697873485, 0.17981297539187258, 0.2500158662230454, 0.17349762323481793, 0.05684522961647334, -0.17932869650063699, 0.043892402905674484, 0.06834374313736837] |
708.3353 | Decoherence due to the Horizon after Inflation | The fluctuations in the inflaton field at the end of inflation which seed the
density perturbations are prepared in a pure quantum state. It is generally
assumed that some physics causes this pure state to decohere so that it should
be treated probabilistically. We show that the entanglement entropy between the
universe inside our observable horizon and that outside our horizon is
sufficient to do this. For the modes which are super-Hubble at the end of
inflation, this entanglement entropy grows with volume inside the horizon,
rather than with the horizon's area, and is proportional to the number of
e-folds since Hubble crossing.
| gr-qc astro-ph | the fluctuations in the inflaton field at the end of inflation which seed the density perturbations are prepared in a pure quantum state it is generally assumed that some physics causes this pure state to decohere so that it should be treated probabilistically we show that the entanglement entropy between the universe inside our observable horizon and that outside our horizon is sufficient to do this for the modes which are superhubble at the end of inflation this entanglement entropy grows with volume inside the horizon rather than with the horizons area and is proportional to the number of efolds since hubble crossing | [['the', 'fluctuations', 'in', 'the', 'inflaton', 'field', 'at', 'the', 'end', 'of', 'inflation', 'which', 'seed', 'the', 'density', 'perturbations', 'are', 'prepared', 'in', 'a', 'pure', 'quantum', 'state', 'it', 'is', 'generally', 'assumed', 'that', 'some', 'physics', 'causes', 'this', 'pure', 'state', 'to', 'decohere', 'so', 'that', 'it', 'should', 'be', 'treated', 'probabilistically', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'entanglement', 'entropy', 'between', 'the', 'universe', 'inside', 'our', 'observable', 'horizon', 'and', 'that', 'outside', 'our', 'horizon', 'is', 'sufficient', 'to', 'do', 'this', 'for', 'the', 'modes', 'which', 'are', 'superhubble', 'at', 'the', 'end', 'of', 'inflation', 'this', 'entanglement', 'entropy', 'grows', 'with', 'volume', 'inside', 'the', 'horizon', 'rather', 'than', 'with', 'the', 'horizons', 'area', 'and', 'is', 'proportional', 'to', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'efolds', 'since', 'hubble', 'crossing']] | [-0.12702838874883154, 0.2746059653050836, -0.1468095921468243, 0.09198313445820319, -0.04089629471085025, -0.12308728245756073, -0.013471199911612185, 0.302019431210548, -0.23773188168381892, -0.2823813266654327, 0.13020288789626752, -0.2811353947714116, -0.06232945198753794, 0.14347797539198173, -0.05636471559664289, -0.0013522323293303981, 0.0183395216494654, 0.12223483573247507, -0.016528704500919915, -0.29530483044828604, 0.3343037881083714, 0.11287441432308767, 0.2697573662961571, 0.016750742428149414, 0.07411181516448054, -0.05978798221127646, 0.060636009358647235, 0.060429323301876635, -0.14912094143857882, 0.044097655331851573, 0.23339139049444957, 0.1451704556176674, 0.27427798071966586, -0.4314062055562017, -0.21646856367407205, 0.16392999152580584, 0.13765221408306105, 0.17486131311737868, 0.0032123307170780395, -0.24821307998403763, 0.04195214673714007, -0.14978707729142557, -0.13054964521411552, -0.021504358817976944, 0.04218476420399525, -0.09287225230804926, -0.2319993400286196, 0.12122008621746909, 0.013585544749642315, -0.04161848890757894, -0.04129704602912647, -0.00029133023350562864, -0.059171545771357505, 0.06233629056261581, 0.09749804539560765, 0.023794453570763898, 0.18572754282685158, -0.12079477854733112, -0.03017565325011038, 0.30811667393947256, -0.06555664826716291, -0.15332147768400248, 0.1533677697620237, -0.21576102041793102, -0.08429220866511386, 0.12518478044561898, 0.10685796498601298, 0.1196925501221592, -0.1026186615192485, 0.0920186910994938, 0.040132714420764985, 0.1856394499338015, 0.08895969955087865, 0.07563114958336052, 0.3059002362424508, 0.0858488335247034, 0.0926094181152983, 0.15840285177200183, -0.0444525701504707, -0.15243845584449692, -0.4275374068580206, -0.1585186737074146, -0.2311418410526245, 0.07779859142034377, -0.0856835352642873, -0.18766379275006576, 0.36828720191656383, 0.14923548720126012, 0.196877279897555, 0.06673956476377993, 0.27572230860880276, 0.09747806572958881, 0.08696744599587565, 0.15065526455478037, 0.3188579903739771, 0.07178088305382402, 0.12052703108096006, -0.2460249432145609, 0.03311633221461501, -0.002227631915197934] |
708.3354 | Some Non-Unimodal Level Algebras | In 2005, building on his own recent work and that of F. Zanello, A. Iarrobino
discovered some constructions that, he conjectured, would yield level algebras
with non-unimodal Hilbert functions. This thesis provides proofs of
non-unimodality for Iarrobino's level algebras, as well as for other level
algebras that the author has constructed along similar lines. The key technical
contribution is to extend some results published by Iarrobino in 1984.
Iarrobino's results provide insight into some naturally arising vector
subspaces of the vector space R_d of forms of fixed degree in a polynomial ring
in several variables. In this thesis, the problem is approached by
combinatorial methods and results similar to Iarrobino's are proved for a
different class of vector subspaces of R_d.
The combinatorial methods involve the definition of a new class of matrices
called L-Matrices, which have useful properties that are inherited by their
submatrices. A particular class of square L-Matrices, associated with some
specialized partially ordered sets having interesting combinatorial properties,
is identified. For this class of L-Matrices, necessary and sufficient
conditions are given that they be nonsingular. Several larger questions are
discussed whose answers are incrementally improved by the knowledge that the
new non-unimodal level algebras exist.
| math.AC | in 2005 building on his own recent work and that of f zanello a iarrobino discovered some constructions that he conjectured would yield level algebras with nonunimodal hilbert functions this thesis provides proofs of nonunimodality for iarrobinos level algebras as well as for other level algebras that the author has constructed along similar lines the key technical contribution is to extend some results published by iarrobino in 1984 iarrobinos results provide insight into some naturally arising vector subspaces of the vector space r_d of forms of fixed degree in a polynomial ring in several variables in this thesis the problem is approached by combinatorial methods and results similar to iarrobinos are proved for a different class of vector subspaces of r_d the combinatorial methods involve the definition of a new class of matrices called lmatrices which have useful properties that are inherited by their submatrices a particular class of square lmatrices associated with some specialized partially ordered sets having interesting combinatorial properties is identified for this class of lmatrices necessary and sufficient conditions are given that they be nonsingular several larger questions are discussed whose answers are incrementally improved by the knowledge that the new nonunimodal level algebras exist | [['in', '2005', 'building', 'on', 'his', 'own', 'recent', 'work', 'and', 'that', 'of', 'f', 'zanello', 'a', 'iarrobino', 'discovered', 'some', 'constructions', 'that', 'he', 'conjectured', 'would', 'yield', 'level', 'algebras', 'with', 'nonunimodal', 'hilbert', 'functions', 'this', 'thesis', 'provides', 'proofs', 'of', 'nonunimodality', 'for', 'iarrobinos', 'level', 'algebras', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'for', 'other', 'level', 'algebras', 'that', 'the', 'author', 'has', 'constructed', 'along', 'similar', 'lines', 'the', 'key', 'technical', 'contribution', 'is', 'to', 'extend', 'some', 'results', 'published', 'by', 'iarrobino', 'in', '1984', 'iarrobinos', 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'conditions', 'are', 'given', 'that', 'they', 'be', 'nonsingular', 'several', 'larger', 'questions', 'are', 'discussed', 'whose', 'answers', 'are', 'incrementally', 'improved', 'by', 'the', 'knowledge', 'that', 'the', 'new', 'nonunimodal', 'level', 'algebras', 'exist']] | [-0.11312859619096288, 0.10469008945963448, -0.06006878047165545, 0.08012186320124645, -0.09815360833843699, -0.15613796019390452, -0.002859014814903, 0.33614829080673214, -0.28541876995381005, -0.261895762406045, 0.13896285228118432, -0.22872842039273242, -0.17168705040269128, 0.22680560321161392, -0.12744096352841067, 0.01947773147651907, 0.06266723289107433, 0.03363413285746855, -0.08382042526783254, -0.3254251018251208, 0.3728818423067681, 0.02727783642911512, 0.19706461596246244, 0.035131628701529194, 0.0728225223167395, -0.020529797077273027, -0.06108493617773433, 0.03026591152681221, -0.16088998282610173, 0.15294903457003664, 0.29528409951352375, 0.16316504712273, 0.26391113680838685, -0.3678536541157901, 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708.3355 | An approximate version of the Loebl-Komlos-Sos conjecture | Loebl, Komlos, and Sos conjectured that if at least half of the vertices of a
graph G have degree at least some natural number k, then every tree with at
most k edges is a subgraph of G. Our main result is an approximate version of
this conjecture for large enough n=|V(G)|, assumed that n=O(k). Our result
implies an asymptotic bound for the Ramsey number of trees. We prove that
r(T_k,T_m)\leq k+m+o(k+m),as k+m tends to infinity.
| math.CO | loebl komlos and sos conjectured that if at least half of the vertices of a graph g have degree at least some natural number k then every tree with at most k edges is a subgraph of g our main result is an approximate version of this conjecture for large enough nvg assumed that nok our result implies an asymptotic bound for the ramsey number of trees we prove that rt_kt_mleq kmokmas km tends to infinity | [['loebl', 'komlos', 'and', 'sos', 'conjectured', 'that', 'if', 'at', 'least', 'half', 'of', 'the', 'vertices', 'of', 'a', 'graph', 'g', 'have', 'degree', 'at', 'least', 'some', 'natural', 'number', 'k', 'then', 'every', 'tree', 'with', 'at', 'most', 'k', 'edges', 'is', 'a', 'subgraph', 'of', 'g', 'our', 'main', 'result', 'is', 'an', 'approximate', 'version', 'of', 'this', 'conjecture', 'for', 'large', 'enough', 'nvg', 'assumed', 'that', 'nok', 'our', 'result', 'implies', 'an', 'asymptotic', 'bound', 'for', 'the', 'ramsey', 'number', 'of', 'trees', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'rt_kt_mleq', 'kmokmas', 'km', 'tends', 'to', 'infinity']] | [-0.16895823794844989, 0.13873238977700836, -0.09956732026704058, 0.012537174287088518, -0.07150822793561462, -0.13530784049952352, 0.057564414685239665, 0.3064149869605899, -0.2614559578926403, -0.3253583827408383, 0.10060051463330416, -0.31428187808361707, -0.13492901353920633, 0.11646716863332265, -0.0853434582366734, -0.017654238185354484, 0.11354320732297728, 0.1385478738544358, 0.08213910808538187, -0.33911909555231307, 0.270591395653822, -0.01640462832575714, 0.1507289485716437, 0.1167199945303838, 0.09576042490850857, 0.019000924368565146, 0.05720993414571559, 0.037519488055762405, -0.17799775243091406, 0.04889231214199115, 0.27618501561920383, 0.16317108677184158, 0.3096237243530718, -0.3554982632643235, -0.116389561724547, 0.2234797061962151, 0.14636697948082802, 0.07658656495245728, 0.0281899800064747, -0.17364085247941516, 0.21367345775502758, -0.08521438456581736, -0.18256183105797782, 0.03477258559920498, 0.12284734662515237, -0.044963714125490675, -0.2819862044793931, -0.025980067760306032, 0.1531220271403121, 0.048873701825033165, 0.083938943640631, -0.21560989609743292, -0.05521236262850564, 0.05010142017508278, 0.0038168725771577775, 0.12064094801836119, -0.025577591204342456, -0.08275753734129909, -0.12922572718958394, 0.3136832350424516, -0.08911838772631175, -0.07870000945026609, 0.17646078151222822, -0.17180718762825267, -0.22235705332226446, 0.1384011368720314, 0.09125771192280022, 0.1750960836166947, -0.056068702890361484, 0.11216266809355442, -0.1788224492574463, 0.17045840703429202, 0.17764597027436704, -0.007275747317770445, 0.11783275106368032, 0.1173156926949584, 0.225592053787959, 0.13912495447171702, -0.002551891085867946, 0.07208253902609686, -0.3230304728715202, -0.1301428705203737, -0.2777754608006846, 0.08820442497616986, -0.21653041154176872, -0.1491913152229343, 0.3227745345903787, 0.12356960904985867, 0.20836548706063548, 0.19339895902226703, 0.2068505232675454, 0.09738507426054394, 0.03730956191901822, 0.22391139011125308, 0.12160824890117904, 0.21342394589068922, -0.0459670352220938, -0.14664077851292048, 0.08207430737407727, 0.1513809071148972] |
708.3356 | On the approximation by weighted ridge functions | We characterize the best $L_{2}$ approximation to a multivariate function by
linear combinations of ridge functions multiplied by some fixed weight
functions. In the special case when the weight functions are constants, we
propose explicit formulas for both the best approximation and approximation
error.
| math.CA | we characterize the best l_2 approximation to a multivariate function by linear combinations of ridge functions multiplied by some fixed weight functions in the special case when the weight functions are constants we propose explicit formulas for both the best approximation and approximation error | [['we', 'characterize', 'the', 'best', 'l_2', 'approximation', 'to', 'a', 'multivariate', 'function', 'by', 'linear', 'combinations', 'of', 'ridge', 'functions', 'multiplied', 'by', 'some', 'fixed', 'weight', 'functions', 'in', 'the', 'special', 'case', 'when', 'the', 'weight', 'functions', 'are', 'constants', 'we', 'propose', 'explicit', 'formulas', 'for', 'both', 'the', 'best', 'approximation', 'and', 'approximation', 'error']] | [-0.08007931438359348, 0.02313085057010705, -0.027888707181608133, 0.14961047504435887, -0.0500912872957997, -0.12571585613345218, 0.10122069449756634, 0.41627299921079114, -0.3117289369587194, -0.19644996616989374, 0.08091155501791615, -0.2717859554263255, -0.21174303484572607, 0.16459641203453595, 0.005144266106402607, 0.17056007757359606, -0.008261514848775485, 0.0023982013067738576, -0.1766371013046327, -0.26379892890426243, 0.33390598771670327, 0.06751998846249824, 0.20462178261103955, 0.022676177979023618, 0.10200348404363137, 0.08055059770545499, -0.01666586914904077, -0.08373390603876694, -0.1724457482341677, 0.1022881562821567, 0.2820366375486959, 0.07896851693195375, 0.3210323765789243, -0.373540712160651, -0.13994676947847687, 0.12961358276449822, 0.11463029685811224, 0.04523062583228404, 0.051861277971924705, -0.147411993667695, 0.059397587362168866, -0.13092299152842976, -0.14504400346512822, -0.1416715286904946, -0.024156613666987556, 0.1325203382452442, -0.36146618629043753, 0.07207437680864875, 0.04073882636360147, 0.03069873977537182, -0.12056269798300821, -0.26239846837283537, 0.11100862936159088, 0.06986353545124241, 0.02055768541653048, 0.0529432579959658, 0.05108087867053903, -0.14645043925107035, -0.07813302114267241, 0.3132655930133875, -0.14109363083050333, -0.3585369582287967, 0.07925819980234584, -0.18239452565004202, -0.08720210347515107, 0.05998688480361703, 0.1790448350366205, 0.1470186613732949, -0.1226140032909329, 0.1258977524160979, -0.056183969961817966, 0.10761863743590022, 0.1299325433580882, 0.008463166326030412, 0.05572975261814215, 0.015439553477335721, 0.07128667759455064, 0.2077743313486942, -0.003471200195649131, -0.09507389734922485, -0.37271641865795985, -0.08705096740529618, -0.1908165724016726, -0.0317513414404609, -0.20528364371983282, -0.19888763849369503, 0.4060843205926093, -0.005141955461691727, 0.25200503527991136, 0.15447222945195707, 0.2922603496858342, 0.23966660390777345, 0.07210026973519813, 0.12518776273778218, 0.1867030728112282, 0.1334116639389487, -0.06780866022877903, -0.15306006676771425, 0.1387923721353714, 0.173916411395608] |
708.3357 | On spectral analysis of a magnetic Schrodinger operator on planar mixed
automorphic forms | We characterize the space of the so-called planar mixed automorphic forms of
type $(\nu,\mu)$ with respect to an equivariant pair $(\rho,\tau)$ as the image
of the usual automorphic forms by an appropriate transform and we investigate
some concrete basic spectral properties of a magnetic Schrodinger operator
acting on them. The associated polynomials constitute classes of generalized
complex polynomials of Hermite type.
| math.SP math-ph math.MP | we characterize the space of the socalled planar mixed automorphic forms of type numu with respect to an equivariant pair rhotau as the image of the usual automorphic forms by an appropriate transform and we investigate some concrete basic spectral properties of a magnetic schrodinger operator acting on them the associated polynomials constitute classes of generalized complex polynomials of hermite type | [['we', 'characterize', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'the', 'socalled', 'planar', 'mixed', 'automorphic', 'forms', 'of', 'type', 'numu', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'an', 'equivariant', 'pair', 'rhotau', 'as', 'the', 'image', 'of', 'the', 'usual', 'automorphic', 'forms', 'by', 'an', 'appropriate', 'transform', 'and', 'we', 'investigate', 'some', 'concrete', 'basic', 'spectral', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'magnetic', 'schrodinger', 'operator', 'acting', 'on', 'them', 'the', 'associated', 'polynomials', 'constitute', 'classes', 'of', 'generalized', 'complex', 'polynomials', 'of', 'hermite', 'type']] | [-0.16013149494213647, 0.09583218851113372, -0.062226615792720534, 0.1196572624269079, -0.13603125729781315, -0.08065493656017009, -0.05566548491965552, 0.31817468319882136, -0.3364932334325353, -0.1778974035252878, 0.0965132699882398, -0.24746786509869528, -0.1749976525907634, 0.22616442005898132, -0.070875053843636, 0.053780541312499125, 0.0011862323115595051, 0.11810315769837527, -0.1544768983559286, -0.1964337422458081, 0.4625332930171099, -0.011688603677970097, 0.21161102245515975, -0.05092823099283898, 0.07727773360846961, 0.017297259356337982, -0.05804067798203132, -0.10330566241010855, -0.11442542092141803, 0.16289377383521345, 0.21494870695483978, 0.06563086916891034, 0.20823455149246778, -0.43013469056516396, -0.1287397067902274, 0.20673582922728334, 0.08813110429060753, -0.0398562505491055, -0.016595184873621605, -0.31161927889849317, 0.03360223670902311, -0.13450126023199716, -0.23220304040177192, -0.10532100188744362, -0.017521043689768822, 0.09207618542656791, -0.28392590896882974, 0.03326349653547905, 0.11293092632635696, 0.09044151989834719, -0.1048957963977925, -0.11600399187567537, -0.012600098713682811, 0.0635973161819284, -0.0355831561304751, -0.0057706033169734675, 0.06455429956378018, -0.11564064515586638, -0.13896913365384594, 0.35502680220076294, -0.04819343178380342, -0.22531242022046544, 0.12944645280415407, -0.12100922781974077, -0.16527388876945268, 0.0997927339640675, 0.14303715240027084, 0.12687671813564222, -0.07505633297078616, 0.13880903095094732, -0.09789173871461974, 0.07864154548552192, 0.13667121190638815, 0.05795928692353553, 0.14197773478742018, 0.054876982722981055, 0.04672940063946804, 0.19294331888439226, -0.015839288737834814, -0.07153362157128629, -0.3402836005982073, -0.22157383363571811, -0.12600723808234343, 0.08483655385856258, -0.1378126966642487, -0.23911742832450594, 0.4494868352566464, 0.023051075072439968, 0.19369987219755277, 0.05259758142418549, 0.18843392322420097, 0.16109151621998027, 0.05478506101692309, -0.013642040867602727, 0.1267045833362213, 0.24847002911045538, 0.031540268429051166, -0.2082106560529744, -0.02647790793695899, 0.198950189898615] |
708.3358 | On minimal norms on $M_n$ | In this note, we show that for each minimal norm $N(\cdot)$ on the algebra
$M_n$ of all $n \times n$ complex matrices, there exist norms $\|\cdot\|_1$ and
$\|\cdot\|_2$ on ${\mathbb C}^n$ such that $$N(A)=\max\{\|Ax\|_2: \|x\|_1=1,
x\in {\mathbb C}^n\}$$ for all $A \in M_n$. This may be regarded as an
extension of a known result on characterization of minimal algebra norms.
| math.FA | in this note we show that for each minimal norm ncdot on the algebra m_n of all n times n complex matrices there exist norms cdot_1 and cdot_2 on mathbb cn such that namaxax_2 x_11 xin mathbb cn for all a in m_n this may be regarded as an extension of a known result on characterization of minimal algebra norms | [['in', 'this', 'note', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'for', 'each', 'minimal', 'norm', 'ncdot', 'on', 'the', 'algebra', 'm_n', 'of', 'all', 'n', 'times', 'n', 'complex', 'matrices', 'there', 'exist', 'norms', 'cdot_1', 'and', 'cdot_2', 'on', 'mathbb', 'cn', 'such', 'that', 'namaxax_2', 'x_11', 'xin', 'mathbb', 'cn', 'for', 'all', 'a', 'in', 'm_n', 'this', 'may', 'be', 'regarded', 'as', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'a', 'known', 'result', 'on', 'characterization', 'of', 'minimal', 'algebra', 'norms']] | [-0.1726285546260365, 0.09729185014774715, 0.02942805452680736, 0.03910190240732568, 0.05378344858665082, -0.10775098872323663, -0.04190865561555503, 0.37945076477540246, -0.28727561516403144, -0.16383407404646277, 0.1519332106848705, -0.2875245689588078, -0.15122895148756393, 0.1775467347637829, -0.12829410526664706, -0.024436025296227407, 0.03901646665092242, 0.146182650329261, -0.10492238839614694, -0.26222194541813965, 0.3020698840461545, -0.10621921361376674, 0.13981053283659078, 0.05249289535301722, 0.08287007103563618, 0.0020658161996279733, 0.062077147167933694, -0.05676667786882085, -0.17440200530873587, 0.08179521990024437, 0.26892623002246274, 0.17828514187801944, 0.22321233317508535, -0.38353646721817175, -0.14365678985397948, 0.2951529291793862, 0.20377653208166613, -0.07812992099798836, -0.0438310198971244, -0.22903525772488723, 0.1152424313427912, -0.12346726422340183, -0.1428244755114034, -0.04278481698010938, 0.11242306340580523, -0.011187683601500624, -0.359946284190578, 0.0005431997321419797, 0.12541945888739775, 0.07316815166465812, -0.06527647057200893, -0.21359017009104966, -0.014569744357239392, 0.05747672456111443, -0.02349055678410045, 0.12134198853114651, 0.03313020589145816, 0.014368629517128407, -0.09060404174250819, 0.36931228075744743, -0.08669436765613697, -0.26525775602055807, 0.11079334347682485, -0.17018996288415866, -0.2349563713295985, 0.04980362781276137, 0.12177471333120207, 0.16993048752389722, -0.033345491278095774, 0.23330710121031883, -0.20086675669240245, 0.13337793053222535, 0.1054603220673941, 0.06754604045112254, 0.056949121988046976, 0.08170342793435616, 0.1474991520172206, 0.024997580494589597, 0.07671910652622455, -0.00686001384599229, -0.39189747705171674, -0.20528524898987074, -0.20716656695940863, 0.20956983052636102, -0.16638985261201691, -0.15913299445883702, 0.3052788008856824, 0.06814070700438914, 0.23530423170808007, 0.11836372866784617, 0.16379770925426382, 0.051359011808048215, 0.08557047003532871, 0.09198694717202147, 0.07742216067104521, 0.1287024779939803, -0.022787721725022893, -0.13014923046260157, 0.004857511851557736, 0.15795248004970913] |
708.3359 | Inner disk regions revealed by infrared interferometry | I review the results obtained by long-baseline interferometry at infrared
wavelengths on the innermost regions around young stars. These observations
directly probe the location of the dust and gas in the disks. The
characteristic sizes of these regions found are larger than previously thought.
These results have motivated in part a new class of models of the inner disk
structure. However the precise understanding of the origin of these low
visibilities is still in debate. Mid-infrared observations have probed disk
emission over a larger range of scales revealing mineralogy gradients in the
disk. Recent spectrally resolved observations allow the dust and gas to be
studied separately. The few results shows that the Brackett gamma emission can
find its origin either in a wind or in a magnetosphere but there are no
definitive answers yet. In a certain number of cases, the very high spatial
resolution seems to reveal very close companions. In any case, these results
provide crucial information on the structure and physical properties of disks
surrounding young stars especially as initial conditions for planet formation.
| astro-ph | i review the results obtained by longbaseline interferometry at infrared wavelengths on the innermost regions around young stars these observations directly probe the location of the dust and gas in the disks the characteristic sizes of these regions found are larger than previously thought these results have motivated in part a new class of models of the inner disk structure however the precise understanding of the origin of these low visibilities is still in debate midinfrared observations have probed disk emission over a larger range of scales revealing mineralogy gradients in the disk recent spectrally resolved observations allow the dust and gas to be studied separately the few results shows that the brackett gamma emission can find its origin either in a wind or in a magnetosphere but there are no definitive answers yet in a certain number of cases the very high spatial resolution seems to reveal very close companions in any case these results provide crucial information on the structure and physical properties of disks surrounding young stars especially as initial conditions for planet formation | [['i', 'review', 'the', 'results', 'obtained', 'by', 'longbaseline', 'interferometry', 'at', 'infrared', 'wavelengths', 'on', 'the', 'innermost', 'regions', 'around', 'young', 'stars', 'these', 'observations', 'directly', 'probe', 'the', 'location', 'of', 'the', 'dust', 'and', 'gas', 'in', 'the', 'disks', 'the', 'characteristic', 'sizes', 'of', 'these', 'regions', 'found', 'are', 'larger', 'than', 'previously', 'thought', 'these', 'results', 'have', 'motivated', 'in', 'part', 'a', 'new', 'class', 'of', 'models', 'of', 'the', 'inner', 'disk', 'structure', 'however', 'the', 'precise', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'origin', 'of', 'these', 'low', 'visibilities', 'is', 'still', 'in', 'debate', 'midinfrared', 'observations', 'have', 'probed', 'disk', 'emission', 'over', 'a', 'larger', 'range', 'of', 'scales', 'revealing', 'mineralogy', 'gradients', 'in', 'the', 'disk', 'recent', 'spectrally', 'resolved', 'observations', 'allow', 'the', 'dust', 'and', 'gas', 'to', 'be', 'studied', 'separately', 'the', 'few', 'results', 'shows', 'that', 'the', 'brackett', 'gamma', 'emission', 'can', 'find', 'its', 'origin', 'either', 'in', 'a', 'wind', 'or', 'in', 'a', 'magnetosphere', 'but', 'there', 'are', 'no', 'definitive', 'answers', 'yet', 'in', 'a', 'certain', 'number', 'of', 'cases', 'the', 'very', 'high', 'spatial', 'resolution', 'seems', 'to', 'reveal', 'very', 'close', 'companions', 'in', 'any', 'case', 'these', 'results', 'provide', 'crucial', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'structure', 'and', 'physical', 'properties', 'of', 'disks', 'surrounding', 'young', 'stars', 'especially', 'as', 'initial', 'conditions', 'for', 'planet', 'formation']] | [-0.08339820241280647, 0.10474736329778439, -0.07340065102319175, 0.09444472387677721, -0.07201813512953988, -0.08000307412565512, 0.008405427704302141, 0.4349807698469041, -0.21081123687326908, -0.3292732176839211, 0.11130190573995775, -0.2266235436933736, -0.048835720591994244, 0.22149439159113818, -0.03814027099580751, -0.01337996966700138, 0.07120316071004348, -0.06741948716068183, -0.04114804048443708, -0.21031937641985313, 0.3078074776383359, 0.08489648449645078, 0.13060128032019372, 0.03916288050296743, 0.003901666535411851, -0.14444941276484458, -0.09687491284557066, -0.007549669060094882, -0.1628244059033495, 0.07300385734458364, 0.25533044266348487, 0.09505399635869294, 0.2294624981642727, -0.4188836040106828, -0.25627815899686457, 0.055241525202126655, 0.17093413344210823, 0.03956281087534912, -0.0629595480925051, -0.25317119405404953, 0.06358930077499152, -0.12025284344898694, -0.1806743377110971, 0.002533043695266469, 0.046980554829904084, -0.008286075594198316, -0.21653564016322874, 0.07005491563234752, 0.057818153629731917, 0.09709209967194135, -0.10447761740490773, -0.1260132696242782, -0.02351088088405671, 0.11273238818966232, 0.03163776397941855, 0.02632595726491431, 0.15626719123604943, -0.18146093423993953, -0.05001443438001745, 0.38384345763147215, -0.0514131137016157, -0.08726394772108666, 0.2874299050492924, -0.3011757344702038, -0.16313795182567173, 0.18635623742652646, 0.12266409818325086, 0.15381262962848452, -0.12870690834348084, 0.012026377827801221, -0.07469202453496808, 0.1927485286368657, 0.08603450076886068, 0.12469153527083601, 0.37227935926978195, 0.11669825553225806, 0.021334923130965206, 0.0968290148559421, -0.1896316714395406, -0.07229927245074999, -0.2377196847261219, -0.09394716975505406, -0.15695884825640732, 0.05963315807893283, -0.10555904577487861, -0.11203994539482151, 0.3274087880101413, 0.11838214853673247, 0.24729431985672248, 0.007304534756731095, 0.28240732314580747, 0.05127896849094959, 0.11570908009774436, 0.10281720004796897, 0.31441127333137614, 0.14205998670879363, 0.12012831612797928, -0.21312945363464328, 0.11425142912102053, -0.0286054736921448] |
708.336 | Coherent hard x-rays from attosecond pulse train-assisted harmonic
generation | High-order harmonic generation from atomic systems is considered in the
crossed fields of a relativistically strong infrared laser and a weak
attosecond-pulse train of soft x-rays. Due to one-photon ionization by the
x-ray pulse, the ionized electron obtains a starting momentum that compensates
the relativistic drift which is induced by the laser magnetic field, and allows
the electron to efficiently emit harmonic radiation upon recombination with the
atomic core in the relativistic regime. In this way, short pulses of coherent
hard x-rays of up to 40 keV energy and 10 as duration can be brought about.
| physics.atom-ph | highorder harmonic generation from atomic systems is considered in the crossed fields of a relativistically strong infrared laser and a weak attosecondpulse train of soft xrays due to onephoton ionization by the xray pulse the ionized electron obtains a starting momentum that compensates the relativistic drift which is induced by the laser magnetic field and allows the electron to efficiently emit harmonic radiation upon recombination with the atomic core in the relativistic regime in this way short pulses of coherent hard xrays of up to 40 kev energy and 10 as duration can be brought about | [['highorder', 'harmonic', 'generation', 'from', 'atomic', 'systems', 'is', 'considered', 'in', 'the', 'crossed', 'fields', 'of', 'a', 'relativistically', 'strong', 'infrared', 'laser', 'and', 'a', 'weak', 'attosecondpulse', 'train', 'of', 'soft', 'xrays', 'due', 'to', 'onephoton', 'ionization', 'by', 'the', 'xray', 'pulse', 'the', 'ionized', 'electron', 'obtains', 'a', 'starting', 'momentum', 'that', 'compensates', 'the', 'relativistic', 'drift', 'which', 'is', 'induced', 'by', 'the', 'laser', 'magnetic', 'field', 'and', 'allows', 'the', 'electron', 'to', 'efficiently', 'emit', 'harmonic', 'radiation', 'upon', 'recombination', 'with', 'the', 'atomic', 'core', 'in', 'the', 'relativistic', 'regime', 'in', 'this', 'way', 'short', 'pulses', 'of', 'coherent', 'hard', 'xrays', 'of', 'up', 'to', '40', 'kev', 'energy', 'and', '10', 'as', 'duration', 'can', 'be', 'brought', 'about']] | [-0.07613278668820082, 0.2683947671709272, -0.03224399865818365, 0.08672687669483518, -0.025404691831984866, -0.10658196329920126, 0.021863337538282696, 0.46812387130436645, -0.2642138492859279, -0.3132795954782826, -0.029203510589771515, -0.2617657189016427, 0.03070858815529694, 0.23352892844074327, 0.014697975663390631, 0.01368790078049642, 0.028154177086738248, -0.044967544221435674, -0.006175151480420027, -0.1444895046831031, 0.2950851869197019, 0.1269792426028289, 0.2119944244332146, 0.079819822065474, 0.12585421202432676, 0.02770915293028035, 0.006533098790290144, -0.032644721951025225, -0.017926469508665832, 0.10314011500546864, 0.22402278251441507, -0.0008098309851144828, 0.2711198832827601, -0.4509496219495001, -0.22804282364086248, 0.005393952949816594, 0.11649624143349986, 0.1234027287682693, -0.05574357034250473, -0.2636147507485778, -0.01704156811077458, -0.19141684169881046, -0.14938566993320515, -0.030274645939546947, 0.001044871291621045, 0.09752112395168903, -0.26081785357867676, 0.06221038260264322, 0.07273267194614164, -0.02401710391859524, -0.07211126767955041, 0.027477228820013504, 0.0031703104832558893, 0.029159077719668858, 0.04929648499334386, 0.10206676139205229, 0.19723057950068323, -0.1391104382746562, -0.09036554077465553, 0.4287847788267148, -0.11737331544766978, -0.025279577826343786, 0.18611443691770546, -0.20828946706023999, -0.037448721457622014, 0.30808999373887974, 0.11193557062506443, 0.12542415917171942, -0.14153610680659767, 0.05347662279685513, 0.016818576596657902, 0.23265210277653145, 0.166015474164548, 0.07416444699144147, 0.2559970067619967, 0.08963235422197613, 0.032165272714337334, 0.16487212952173044, -0.1761137197415034, -0.014984853119434169, -0.2514429625362027, -0.0720912595182502, -0.14258942451851908, 0.1325126566904752, -0.005273723271026635, -0.1269269096762097, 0.39361810188468854, 0.10919379077192086, 0.11501470402921161, -0.07540997001463741, 0.3595365614601178, 0.17653351131472542, 0.041886353443260305, 0.05914024753292324, 0.3136249357679238, 0.191082854148893, 0.1353520623621686, -0.2496502165304264, -0.022787329168446984, 0.027985227017779835] |
708.3361 | Disordered Correlated Kondo-lattice model | We propose a self-consistent approximate solution of the disordered
Kondo-lattice model (KLM) to get the interconnected electronic and magnetic
properties of 'local-moment' systems like diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors.
Aiming at $(A_{1-x}M_x)$ compounds, where magnetic (M) and non-magnetic (A)
atoms distributed randomly over a crystal lattice, we present a theory which
treats the subsystems of itinerant charge carriers and localized magnetic
moments in a homologous manner. The coupling between the localized moments due
to the itinerant electrons (holes) is treated by a modified RKKY-theory which
maps the KLM onto an effective Heisenberg model. The exchange integrals turn
out to be functionals of the electronic selfenergy guaranteeing selfconsistency
of our theory. The disordered electronic and magnetic moment systems are both
treated by CPA-type methods.
We discuss in detail the dependencies of the key-terms such as the long range
and oscillating effectice exchange integrals, 'the local-moment' magnetization,
the electron spin polarization, the Curie temperature as well as the electronic
and magnonic quasiparticle densities of states on the concentration $x$ of
magnetic ions, the carrier concentration $n$, the exchange coupling $J$, and
the temperature. The shape and the effective range of the exchange integrals
turn out to be strongly $x$-dependent. The disorder causes anomalies in the
spin spectrum especially in the low-dilution regime, which are not observed in
the mean field approximation.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we propose a selfconsistent approximate solution of the disordered kondolattice model klm to get the interconnected electronic and magnetic properties of localmoment systems like diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors aiming at a_1xm_x compounds where magnetic m and nonmagnetic a atoms distributed randomly over a crystal lattice we present a theory which treats the subsystems of itinerant charge carriers and localized magnetic moments in a homologous manner the coupling between the localized moments due to the itinerant electrons holes is treated by a modified rkkytheory which maps the klm onto an effective heisenberg model the exchange integrals turn out to be functionals of the electronic selfenergy guaranteeing selfconsistency of our theory the disordered electronic and magnetic moment systems are both treated by cpatype methods we discuss in detail the dependencies of the keyterms such as the long range and oscillating effectice exchange integrals the localmoment magnetization the electron spin polarization the curie temperature as well as the electronic and magnonic quasiparticle densities of states on the concentration x of magnetic ions the carrier concentration n the exchange coupling j and the temperature the shape and the effective range of the exchange integrals turn out to be strongly xdependent the disorder causes anomalies in the spin spectrum especially in the lowdilution regime which are not observed in the mean field approximation | [['we', 'propose', 'a', 'selfconsistent', 'approximate', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'disordered', 'kondolattice', 'model', 'klm', 'to', 'get', 'the', 'interconnected', 'electronic', 'and', 'magnetic', 'properties', 'of', 'localmoment', 'systems', 'like', 'diluted', 'ferromagnetic', 'semiconductors', 'aiming', 'at', 'a_1xm_x', 'compounds', 'where', 'magnetic', 'm', 'and', 'nonmagnetic', 'a', 'atoms', 'distributed', 'randomly', 'over', 'a', 'crystal', 'lattice', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'theory', 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708.3362 | An Initial Assessment of a Clear Air Turbulence Forecasting Product | Clear air turbulence, also known as CAT, can cause damage to an aircrafts
structure and, in severe cases, harm passengers. Though CAT has been thoroughly
studied since the mid 1960s, scientists have not been able to create an
accurate forecasting device. The product tested is known as the
Deformation-Vertical Shear Index (DVSI), created by Knox, Ellrod, and Williams.
The DVSI is currently used by several commercial carriers and military
aircraft. The general feedback has been positive; however, results indicate
that the product tends to overestimate CAT intensity.
| physics.ao-ph | clear air turbulence also known as cat can cause damage to an aircrafts structure and in severe cases harm passengers though cat has been thoroughly studied since the mid 1960s scientists have not been able to create an accurate forecasting device the product tested is known as the deformationvertical shear index dvsi created by knox ellrod and williams the dvsi is currently used by several commercial carriers and military aircraft the general feedback has been positive however results indicate that the product tends to overestimate cat intensity | [['clear', 'air', 'turbulence', 'also', 'known', 'as', 'cat', 'can', 'cause', 'damage', 'to', 'an', 'aircrafts', 'structure', 'and', 'in', 'severe', 'cases', 'harm', 'passengers', 'though', 'cat', 'has', 'been', 'thoroughly', 'studied', 'since', 'the', 'mid', '1960s', 'scientists', 'have', 'not', 'been', 'able', 'to', 'create', 'an', 'accurate', 'forecasting', 'device', 'the', 'product', 'tested', 'is', 'known', 'as', 'the', 'deformationvertical', 'shear', 'index', 'dvsi', 'created', 'by', 'knox', 'ellrod', 'and', 'williams', 'the', 'dvsi', 'is', 'currently', 'used', 'by', 'several', 'commercial', 'carriers', 'and', 'military', 'aircraft', 'the', 'general', 'feedback', 'has', 'been', 'positive', 'however', 'results', 'indicate', 'that', 'the', 'product', 'tends', 'to', 'overestimate', 'cat', 'intensity']] | [-0.01306184251646859, 0.12729259384887193, -0.06047279341707388, 0.10878967966446765, -0.05938842228378158, -0.1687088524586106, -0.03291217420749501, 0.39852528456396547, -0.2141690330256579, -0.3349696271660098, 0.14889060673500265, -0.28128694608268967, -0.156883005961686, 0.234352631124118, -0.16104950280074615, 0.06963610504220902, 0.062250918439443574, 0.02733948328868901, 0.04074794685268909, -0.25299085328546184, 0.2319917465526476, 0.12863639917179762, 0.33263004084218695, 0.08144081959568233, 0.04882835898918649, -0.06700996468292482, -0.04153813368427646, 0.04274326308185697, -0.08396188150546079, -0.000931603632059442, 0.28014872909287913, 0.14500018811212426, 0.32186034764163196, -0.4846534121736705, -0.2744737274451069, 0.12180214929843254, 0.16668631205986062, 0.08087739652493992, -0.06221897924790181, -0.3042208091566249, 0.058674815332472145, -0.23532254885074244, -0.1369869475230485, -0.07634405303095658, 0.09807437653681375, -0.009743467205149193, -0.21543042280175442, 0.02134790943889228, 0.010276972860412067, 0.08414623529526842, -0.021162532539252776, -0.12905787933387805, -0.07550131037539567, 0.21338522247128547, 0.06004779118797686, 0.02831212694459337, 0.13940005020115032, -0.10086191488788968, -0.13303738383643599, 0.39597464513302927, -0.013806053874901978, -0.14197086045765375, 0.21476786685420246, -0.10263073650267289, -0.06416809027916359, 0.1243712332840246, 0.14343535166278662, 0.04477364003815385, -0.130376582057075, 0.013304472399499626, -0.04294095680970384, 0.1582327822155981, 0.13161907604255949, -0.03171328539014738, 0.15320477489920625, 0.11452941528061428, 0.05677673160743686, 0.09841791817817433, -0.09443795616695193, -0.049850192769565226, -0.14947920192610922, -0.13289729358347172, -0.1757463633408209, 0.06855217291407585, 0.021468983199244018, -0.14105046859448664, 0.3381234376287335, 0.1483478109150317, 0.07160462158401104, -0.05043543966947101, 0.32941612301686085, 0.10161937397612955, 0.12086832170453236, 0.08568779836936169, 0.30455485197816445, 0.09436531919222998, 0.13691700298159595, -0.1563934115692973, 0.17296283492392087, -0.024461937305259418] |
708.3363 | Quasi-normal modes of a black hole localized on a codimension-two brane
of finite tension | We calculate the quasi-normal modes of black holes localized on a 3-brane of
finite tension embedded in six-dimensional flat spacetime. Using the WKB
approximation, we obtain the frequencies of various types of perturbation both
analytically and numerically for arbitrary brane tension. We thus extend
earlier analytical results which were derived for a brane of small tension.
| hep-th gr-qc | we calculate the quasinormal modes of black holes localized on a 3brane of finite tension embedded in sixdimensional flat spacetime using the wkb approximation we obtain the frequencies of various types of perturbation both analytically and numerically for arbitrary brane tension we thus extend earlier analytical results which were derived for a brane of small tension | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'quasinormal', 'modes', 'of', 'black', 'holes', 'localized', 'on', 'a', '3brane', 'of', 'finite', 'tension', 'embedded', 'in', 'sixdimensional', 'flat', 'spacetime', 'using', 'the', 'wkb', 'approximation', 'we', 'obtain', 'the', 'frequencies', 'of', 'various', 'types', 'of', 'perturbation', 'both', 'analytically', 'and', 'numerically', 'for', 'arbitrary', 'brane', 'tension', 'we', 'thus', 'extend', 'earlier', 'analytical', 'results', 'which', 'were', 'derived', 'for', 'a', 'brane', 'of', 'small', 'tension']] | [-0.1652084226453943, 0.12863904835623025, -0.08688183157106064, 0.13380362769489043, -0.08005295673917447, -0.12649092961302294, 0.026734343089628965, 0.3121776487179367, -0.10770584541439478, -0.24807348211054756, 0.08332751934358384, -0.2584386198577704, -0.12538171249408542, 0.17142408890815983, -0.009164201860715235, 0.04600347719887005, -0.010558345854016287, 0.005821755854412913, -0.06478005369925606, -0.22642254696360656, 0.3699322250405593, 0.017285808821075728, 0.282521445536986, 0.04458448104560375, 0.062034147134649435, -0.04519953800731206, -0.015417508681171707, 0.10277183380510126, -0.23946380448095234, 0.11032949386364115, 0.22576991114017023, 0.014993223220309508, 0.11448931027553044, -0.49972394002335413, -0.26916615224243806, 0.024767184089536647, 0.22687710434963396, 0.23468508528770013, -0.05077032064062743, -0.288872688160544, 0.09735669558202582, -0.173224512915892, -0.1933082684076258, -0.06637564720585942, 0.0465865203877911, -0.06157813625759445, -0.22119084948956566, 0.14138276116240636, -0.023147990561223457, -0.035395794232109826, -0.17560835079556064, -0.054512697334368046, -0.051998757896529114, 0.1028404175470184, 0.10962179768226374, -0.03485378554822611, 0.12435746248645176, -0.053139794917245, -0.07846306412414249, 0.3055990215923105, -0.12478475347493909, -0.2755230720088418, 0.1473612503406392, -0.17531838145389753, -0.07154261841372188, 0.09618928653487403, 0.15988876342973007, 0.21363125736492553, -0.10031917309866653, 0.2033058843465239, 0.015533168467559985, 0.12524023086630873, 0.19987019156438432, -0.013085795233824424, 0.29144425452354233, 0.0910377504644982, -0.022385108899990364, 0.19537115345259995, -0.05853458709732097, -0.08325904499257117, -0.37027104119105, -0.09852974187482946, -0.1520401979962896, 0.06502082696117993, -0.22308171930464077, -0.24375632362041091, 0.3782223986594805, 0.08039894585298109, 0.17219813126471958, 0.10006387884537357, 0.2650911371158275, 0.09499943668821029, -0.0276114752549412, 0.05833275328456823, 0.3321492810334478, 0.13099109129065514, 0.050698801434399296, -0.2606369408313185, -0.1582514708695401, 0.11560631876844647] |
708.3364 | Decoupling and Destabilizing in Spontaneously Broken Supersymmetry | The supersymmetric analog of the Goldberger-Treiman relation plays a critical
role in the low energy effective theory of models in which supersymmetry is
spontaneously broken in a hidden sector. The interactions that connect the
hidden and visible sectors break a global symmetry, which implies that the low
energy theory must be constructed consistently in inverse powers of the
messenger scale. The Goldberger-Treiman relation determines the couplings of
the Goldstino to the visible sector fields. These couplings are fixed by the
soft supersymmetry breaking terms within a power counting scheme that is stable
under radiative corrections. We describe the power counting of the low energy
effective theory, first for a toy model of extended technicolor and then for
the supersymmetric standard model. One implication of this work for
supersymmetry phenomenology is the observation that Goldstino loops can
destabilize the weak scale if the low energy theory is not constructed
consistently. Another is that Goldstino loops induce all visible sector
operators not forbidden by symmetries. The magnitudes of these operators are
determined by the consistent power counting of the low energy effective theory.
| hep-ph hep-th | the supersymmetric analog of the goldbergertreiman relation plays a critical role in the low energy effective theory of models in which supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in a hidden sector the interactions that connect the hidden and visible sectors break a global symmetry which implies that the low energy theory must be constructed consistently in inverse powers of the messenger scale the goldbergertreiman relation determines the couplings of the goldstino to the visible sector fields these couplings are fixed by the soft supersymmetry breaking terms within a power counting scheme that is stable under radiative corrections we describe the power counting of the low energy effective theory first for a toy model of extended technicolor and then for the supersymmetric standard model one implication of this work for supersymmetry phenomenology is the observation that goldstino loops can destabilize the weak scale if the low energy theory is not constructed consistently another is that goldstino loops induce all visible sector operators not forbidden by symmetries the magnitudes of these operators are determined by the consistent power counting of the low energy effective theory | [['the', 'supersymmetric', 'analog', 'of', 'the', 'goldbergertreiman', 'relation', 'plays', 'a', 'critical', 'role', 'in', 'the', 'low', 'energy', 'effective', 'theory', 'of', 'models', 'in', 'which', 'supersymmetry', 'is', 'spontaneously', 'broken', 'in', 'a', 'hidden', 'sector', 'the', 'interactions', 'that', 'connect', 'the', 'hidden', 'and', 'visible', 'sectors', 'break', 'a', 'global', 'symmetry', 'which', 'implies', 'that', 'the', 'low', 'energy', 'theory', 'must', 'be', 'constructed', 'consistently', 'in', 'inverse', 'powers', 'of', 'the', 'messenger', 'scale', 'the', 'goldbergertreiman', 'relation', 'determines', 'the', 'couplings', 'of', 'the', 'goldstino', 'to', 'the', 'visible', 'sector', 'fields', 'these', 'couplings', 'are', 'fixed', 'by', 'the', 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708.3365 | Chandra X-Ray Observation of the Globular Cluster GLIMPSE-C01 | We have observed the recently discovered rich star cluster GLIMPSE-C01 for 46
ks with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Seventeen X-ray sources with
luminosities greater than 0.6e31 ergs/s were discovered, one of which is likely
a quiescent low-mass X-ray binary. The spatial distribution of these X-ray
sources with respect to the NIR and IR images of the cluster, combined with the
luminosity and spectral hardness distributions of the sources, provide strong
evidence that GLIMPSE-C01 is a rich Galactic globular cluster.
| astro-ph | we have observed the recently discovered rich star cluster glimpsec01 for 46 ks with the chandra xray observatory seventeen xray sources with luminosities greater than 06e31 ergss were discovered one of which is likely a quiescent lowmass xray binary the spatial distribution of these xray sources with respect to the nir and ir images of the cluster combined with the luminosity and spectral hardness distributions of the sources provide strong evidence that glimpsec01 is a rich galactic globular cluster | [['we', 'have', 'observed', 'the', 'recently', 'discovered', 'rich', 'star', 'cluster', 'glimpsec01', 'for', '46', 'ks', 'with', 'the', 'chandra', 'xray', 'observatory', 'seventeen', 'xray', 'sources', 'with', 'luminosities', 'greater', 'than', '06e31', 'ergss', 'were', 'discovered', 'one', 'of', 'which', 'is', 'likely', 'a', 'quiescent', 'lowmass', 'xray', 'binary', 'the', 'spatial', 'distribution', 'of', 'these', 'xray', 'sources', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'nir', 'and', 'ir', 'images', 'of', 'the', 'cluster', 'combined', 'with', 'the', 'luminosity', 'and', 'spectral', 'hardness', 'distributions', 'of', 'the', 'sources', 'provide', 'strong', 'evidence', 'that', 'glimpsec01', 'is', 'a', 'rich', 'galactic', 'globular', 'cluster']] | [0.004916311844658011, 0.09047848894857825, -0.10764689726802783, 0.16517495812000468, -0.13855718686364782, -0.05159932745095247, 0.08862142326334158, 0.5029936759040142, -0.11273136023336496, -0.39865916475238733, 0.05513040162025927, -0.39705742401285815, 0.0042870944509139424, 0.21678580202830908, 0.010163616490526458, -0.009554409501829352, 0.07732325830520728, -0.07064944194317856, -0.04932965779115852, -0.2868106670480651, 0.29135555206821895, 0.07293157140987042, 0.16887422364491683, -0.08963965422784288, 0.09643188453255555, -0.06672121011890852, -0.09628025205352177, -0.015252264885184092, -0.09560864333121945, 0.09713183468780838, 0.24639612180180848, 0.13435185633641547, 0.18089262896981567, -0.3027485654904292, -0.2206813462006931, 0.054260360978496, 0.16165720583059084, -0.07052908513772611, -0.07530010359075207, -0.2844050056972684, 0.08311856952973475, -0.17507423216906878, -0.19215140311429516, 0.09366370054582755, 0.07488129008113621, 0.07569276856688353, -0.15237898400459343, 0.13846637866794106, -0.009303396818442987, 0.07333407874625081, -0.19180707668718427, -0.08647505266782947, -0.04050592512775881, 0.02670839820534755, -0.0122433738821807, 0.10741661698109685, 0.10089919454782294, -0.13829287632147613, -0.09078742732078983, 0.33974464065753496, 0.010904454078953654, 0.1435401761928239, 0.2762812389872777, -0.23220129848386234, -0.2771825520142626, 0.18808379922157678, 0.09523014491423965, 0.10663296493629996, -0.213744209601711, -0.0006482332112052693, -0.049890600658284545, 0.29373452484082335, 0.04717975282946076, 0.1513225611908218, 0.3286364762446819, 0.10364958815551244, 0.0030663433538463255, 0.1956898578776954, -0.34001544938207817, 0.010792351477086926, -0.17062225542031229, -0.048172246581182264, -0.09764358604279084, 0.11558624578472705, -0.1544804858243039, -0.14474143387484126, 0.29700444392167413, 0.03474506264468894, 0.1861445470742929, 0.03135398551911259, 0.2485095856962009, 0.13149887741280672, 0.1272128520724483, 0.11841955615016513, 0.3188814577192832, 0.1835704798816154, 0.07887014546670401, -0.2222290958683842, 0.0614598389261235, -0.05275723094251962] |
708.3366 | Star Formation Thresholds | To make predictions for the existence of ``dark galaxies'', it is necessary
to understand what determines whether a gas cloud will form stars. Star
formation thresholds are generally explained in terms of the Toomre criterion
for gravitational instability. I contrast this theory with the
thermo-gravitational instability hypothesis of Schaye (2004), in which star
formation is triggered by the formation of a cold gas phase and which predicts
a nearly constant surface density threshold. I argue that although the Toomre
analysis is useful for the global stability of disc galaxies, it relies on
assumptions that break down in the outer regions, where star formation
thresholds are observed. The thermo-gravitational instability hypothesis can
account for a number of observed phenomena, some of which were thought to be
unrelated to star formation thresholds.
| astro-ph | to make predictions for the existence of dark galaxies it is necessary to understand what determines whether a gas cloud will form stars star formation thresholds are generally explained in terms of the toomre criterion for gravitational instability i contrast this theory with the thermogravitational instability hypothesis of schaye 2004 in which star formation is triggered by the formation of a cold gas phase and which predicts a nearly constant surface density threshold i argue that although the toomre analysis is useful for the global stability of disc galaxies it relies on assumptions that break down in the outer regions where star formation thresholds are observed the thermogravitational instability hypothesis can account for a number of observed phenomena some of which were thought to be unrelated to star formation thresholds | [['to', 'make', 'predictions', 'for', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'dark', 'galaxies', 'it', 'is', 'necessary', 'to', 'understand', 'what', 'determines', 'whether', 'a', 'gas', 'cloud', 'will', 'form', 'stars', 'star', 'formation', 'thresholds', 'are', 'generally', 'explained', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'toomre', 'criterion', 'for', 'gravitational', 'instability', 'i', 'contrast', 'this', 'theory', 'with', 'the', 'thermogravitational', 'instability', 'hypothesis', 'of', 'schaye', '2004', 'in', 'which', 'star', 'formation', 'is', 'triggered', 'by', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'a', 'cold', 'gas', 'phase', 'and', 'which', 'predicts', 'a', 'nearly', 'constant', 'surface', 'density', 'threshold', 'i', 'argue', 'that', 'although', 'the', 'toomre', 'analysis', 'is', 'useful', 'for', 'the', 'global', 'stability', 'of', 'disc', 'galaxies', 'it', 'relies', 'on', 'assumptions', 'that', 'break', 'down', 'in', 'the', 'outer', 'regions', 'where', 'star', 'formation', 'thresholds', 'are', 'observed', 'the', 'thermogravitational', 'instability', 'hypothesis', 'can', 'account', 'for', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'observed', 'phenomena', 'some', 'of', 'which', 'were', 'thought', 'to', 'be', 'unrelated', 'to', 'star', 'formation', 'thresholds']] | [-0.11897242513861364, 0.12730327647967407, -0.12453914993944076, 0.14875262336841283, -0.08194933292554477, -0.07185771084892062, 0.03454771367922568, 0.3155967645203838, -0.18620306415340074, -0.32165425482850807, 0.09284415390575304, -0.18501723102078987, -0.09278325049134974, 0.14879692833010966, -0.032628972083330154, -0.017909051012247802, 0.018954961084259245, -0.017274216480123308, -0.006441669717717629, -0.26878680898807944, 0.3436096039923051, 0.07704115646103253, 0.21393188611389352, 0.030060482352004887, -0.002933777904623779, -0.10968829648425946, -0.00861271947192458, -0.02564659878396644, -0.22742668266750676, 0.005418851532830069, 0.2268860589981509, 0.14297744002408133, 0.250983105888232, -0.4019627633146369, -0.24687719656727636, 0.08788802707567811, 0.1814486236598056, 0.07125422879426668, -0.06050122814127602, -0.22012889005172137, 0.11724661202617706, -0.15724770269141747, -0.1760731735875687, 0.008245912402008589, 0.054833274402727304, 0.015007884492381262, -0.30341843887805364, 0.13675932668400212, 0.09103519535005594, 0.018682708892111596, -0.09395195400485626, -0.02220162691620107, -0.06795542972305646, 0.03934096987001025, 0.03558833584941637, 0.07069411451140276, 0.20125227484386415, -0.17128247278205191, -0.03624202831863211, 0.4147224691374084, -0.028465596379604764, -0.07975131234942147, 0.2384637371529467, -0.19962268792307722, -0.15688559094873758, 0.14776358273095236, 0.12083916298042123, 0.07890419125771866, -0.10907874669378194, -0.028008149167110856, -0.022843157697934657, 0.16844065608994033, 0.0976599406880828, 0.02644929330652723, 0.34025949433875774, 0.1613305963934041, 0.038872331316367935, 0.07956999605969312, -0.11049283195349674, -0.11262262763025668, -0.27678011288651483, -0.09788279849319503, -0.11568089379893186, 0.05120367039030848, -0.03789356639955748, -0.1329943838600929, 0.3141137441602321, 0.09929812678422492, 0.22475626554626685, 0.007750747468358335, 0.25099121587207684, 0.10851860903293038, 0.08201031112649407, 0.10512266598928433, 0.31492722288530783, 0.1676904776599258, 0.01943829499471646, -0.2599036609968887, 0.1287523862368499, 0.046075153298890933] |
708.3367 | Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnet: Comments on "Hidden
Mechanical Momentum Due to Hidden Nonelectromagnetic Forces" | The interaction of a point charge and a magnetic moment (and by extension a
point charge and a solenoid) is explored within well-defined point-charge
magnetic-moment models where full calculations are possible. It is shown
explicitly how the "hidden mechanical momentum" is introduced by the "hidden"
external forces of constraint, requiring a prescribed response (through order
1/c^2) of the system to electromagnetic forces. These external forces often go
unmentioned in the textbook and research literature. The dependence of "hidden
mechanical momentum" upon detailed external (nonelectromagnetic) forces may
undermine the idea's usefulness in describing nature. Some statements of
dubious validity in the textbook literature are noted.
| physics.class-ph physics.gen-ph | the interaction of a point charge and a magnetic moment and by extension a point charge and a solenoid is explored within welldefined pointcharge magneticmoment models where full calculations are possible it is shown explicitly how the hidden mechanical momentum is introduced by the hidden external forces of constraint requiring a prescribed response through order 1c2 of the system to electromagnetic forces these external forces often go unmentioned in the textbook and research literature the dependence of hidden mechanical momentum upon detailed external nonelectromagnetic forces may undermine the ideas usefulness in describing nature some statements of dubious validity in the textbook literature are noted | [['the', 'interaction', 'of', 'a', 'point', 'charge', 'and', 'a', 'magnetic', 'moment', 'and', 'by', 'extension', 'a', 'point', 'charge', 'and', 'a', 'solenoid', 'is', 'explored', 'within', 'welldefined', 'pointcharge', 'magneticmoment', 'models', 'where', 'full', 'calculations', 'are', 'possible', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'explicitly', 'how', 'the', 'hidden', 'mechanical', 'momentum', 'is', 'introduced', 'by', 'the', 'hidden', 'external', 'forces', 'of', 'constraint', 'requiring', 'a', 'prescribed', 'response', 'through', 'order', '1c2', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'to', 'electromagnetic', 'forces', 'these', 'external', 'forces', 'often', 'go', 'unmentioned', 'in', 'the', 'textbook', 'and', 'research', 'literature', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'hidden', 'mechanical', 'momentum', 'upon', 'detailed', 'external', 'nonelectromagnetic', 'forces', 'may', 'undermine', 'the', 'ideas', 'usefulness', 'in', 'describing', 'nature', 'some', 'statements', 'of', 'dubious', 'validity', 'in', 'the', 'textbook', 'literature', 'are', 'noted']] | [-0.15110866102175072, 0.1645527518927478, -0.07665911766413885, 0.0937811972992047, -0.11744591700754917, -0.09649340814212337, 0.0647430455590858, 0.3394398307517314, -0.25113997835880864, -0.33206801238254857, 0.038975679155555554, -0.2740385488230878, -0.13192713071699613, 0.13913721649217992, 0.0005173723464115307, 0.05347334695509814, -0.020743566520440463, 0.05945156221143687, -0.05837797795370884, -0.18407992432968548, 0.29646115763506925, 0.07275702038672395, 0.26688783266581595, 0.08018886265479243, 0.08636981122589742, 0.030571766380140055, -0.025434280548674557, 0.041104124881362974, -0.09026466002419162, 0.052419236027232655, 0.2076912417339652, 0.03273018117985115, 0.2850540452189027, -0.47489992895414335, -0.22436419983569067, 0.040325774350024476, 0.09818237636332364, 0.12323126668791072, -0.05133487268064458, -0.2856435781129851, 0.021859576567434348, -0.17627668672894986, -0.16664450043306436, -0.12940358325767404, 0.03184460065005204, 0.057615884585315004, -0.23448146811614817, 0.07016575143923266, 0.12236175736269125, 0.08625427236837332, -0.08045281454374512, -0.09213784202046764, -0.035337321124433614, 0.10416659125341819, 0.11425371442209535, 0.04269254102081714, 0.21560044964560524, -0.14782803514838003, -0.10769591106677232, 0.3761546685396192, 0.006526707793594911, -0.2491323341293117, 0.17420733981998637, -0.10865584510163619, -0.08486157054833782, 0.12456116262966624, 0.11481803323392971, 0.07342918993135054, -0.19815077326403788, 0.11920141939369316, 0.008807194562485585, 0.15313563028925833, 0.05454098489001179, 0.01728160073980689, 0.23806339973368898, 0.11131075335344157, -0.02980149266883158, 0.11605915811378509, -0.02666777457880716, -0.14177865051729335, -0.3441842607526968, -0.09920956867818649, -0.18654252039805913, 0.05967053785794773, -0.03466633343752899, -0.12643240591989105, 0.354561928305954, 0.1799509064081716, 0.1428736916367108, -0.05847981116844144, 0.3055656124107862, 0.08747488627537117, 0.07836483666547932, 0.04142764466590821, 0.3082542281383492, 0.16233599544144595, 0.09810682545111586, -0.20084037736971647, 0.06705247996321234, 0.04127049450135718] |
708.3368 | On the critical dipole moment in one-dimension | We calculate the minimum magnitude an electric dipole must have for a 1D
system, interacting through the dipole, to support bound states.
| quant-ph | we calculate the minimum magnitude an electric dipole must have for a 1d system interacting through the dipole to support bound states | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'minimum', 'magnitude', 'an', 'electric', 'dipole', 'must', 'have', 'for', 'a', '1d', 'system', 'interacting', 'through', 'the', 'dipole', 'to', 'support', 'bound', 'states']] | [-0.19095087279988962, 0.19960971196269384, -0.041233193637295204, 0.04159874062646519, -0.01999818499792706, -0.08690830817530779, 0.036969373087314045, 0.36198800449809904, -0.1623441530391574, -0.3460280950265852, 0.010631428417665038, -0.3289616055447947, -0.05259923431599005, 0.14441626586697318, 0.0923842559568584, 0.015420429493215952, 0.0005061897364529697, 0.10599395102524961, -0.054004971107298676, -0.1656841313127767, 0.25748539055612957, 0.03216970603997735, 0.2708740308880806, 0.10103474282236262, 0.01456759459423748, 0.014274515010501173, 0.14168189042671162, -0.007652143609117378, -0.10385773411359299, 0.10028554459726861, 0.11299824384464459, 0.037190929732539436, 0.2084696882997047, -0.5354739424179901, -0.15507876314222813, 0.1496103734031997, 0.20882724344053052, 0.18214872682636435, -0.027135772715238007, -0.24947750856253234, 0.045451229395852846, -0.19836382432417435, -0.21871968392621388, -0.12768613420088182, 0.08412930894304406, 0.04082963039929217, -0.36925811049613083, -0.017548928820443423, -0.011634766462851654, 0.04229663291268728, -0.14704517588358035, -0.13432810503714296, -0.015671979625370692, 0.09259487930896947, -0.031459644860164684, 0.04398831687020985, 0.14309993824413555, -0.10985902730714191, -0.1510258363559842, 0.3173175234855576, -0.15588627716484058, -0.1880976396020163, 0.1383327332494611, -0.12935374262319368, -0.045653246343135834, 0.15772174840623682, 0.24117427641017872, 0.08026325093074278, -0.16495437297800725, 0.03136038308730349, -0.026213601379739968, 0.15926841241095893, -0.008471698076887564, 0.03697368070821871, 0.33290417526255955, 0.1312521453100172, 0.11021936021279544, 0.199314414777539, -0.11872824869880622, -0.04597830522636121, -0.25597192211584613, -0.1483173499397129, -0.23851025409319185, 0.029580740935423157, -0.03884443473494188, -0.17928874695842917, 0.3882337754422968, 0.1490436511283571, 0.14187444441697813, 0.015143309412947432, 0.3329375128854405, 0.24656299560923467, 0.07140073692426085, 0.11576783185062761, 0.36436908692121506, 0.18677941472692924, 0.004129044267094948, -0.2781987837092443, 0.015624104618010197, 0.07287091981958259] |
708.3369 | Minimal Homogenous Liaison and Licci Ideals | We study the linkage classes of homogeneous ideals in polynomial rings. An
ideal is said to be homogeneously licci if it can be linked to a complete
intersection using only homogeneous regular sequences at each step. We ask a
natural question:
if $I$ is homogeneously licci, then can it be linked to a complete
intersection by linking using regular sequences of forms of smallest possible
degree at each step (we call such ideals minimally homogeneously licci)? In
this paper we answer this question in the negative. In particular, for every
$n\geq 28$ we construct a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb P^3$ which are
homogeneously licci, but not minimally homogeneously licci. Moreover, we prove
that one cannot distinguish between the classes of homogeneously licci and
non-licci ideals based only on their Hilbert functions, nor distinguish between
homogeneously licci and minimally homogeneously licci ideals based solely on
the graded Betti numbers. Finally, by taking hypersurface sections, we show
that the natural question has a negative answer whenever the height of the
ideal is at least three.
| math.AC math.AG | we study the linkage classes of homogeneous ideals in polynomial rings an ideal is said to be homogeneously licci if it can be linked to a complete intersection using only homogeneous regular sequences at each step we ask a natural question if i is homogeneously licci then can it be linked to a complete intersection by linking using regular sequences of forms of smallest possible degree at each step we call such ideals minimally homogeneously licci in this paper we answer this question in the negative in particular for every ngeq 28 we construct a set of n points in mathbb p3 which are homogeneously licci but not minimally homogeneously licci moreover we prove that one cannot distinguish between the classes of homogeneously licci and nonlicci ideals based only on their hilbert functions nor distinguish between homogeneously licci and minimally homogeneously licci ideals based solely on the graded betti numbers finally by taking hypersurface sections we show that the natural question has a negative answer whenever the height of the ideal is at least three | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'linkage', 'classes', 'of', 'homogeneous', 'ideals', 'in', 'polynomial', 'rings', 'an', 'ideal', 'is', 'said', 'to', 'be', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'if', 'it', 'can', 'be', 'linked', 'to', 'a', 'complete', 'intersection', 'using', 'only', 'homogeneous', 'regular', 'sequences', 'at', 'each', 'step', 'we', 'ask', 'a', 'natural', 'question', 'if', 'i', 'is', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'then', 'can', 'it', 'be', 'linked', 'to', 'a', 'complete', 'intersection', 'by', 'linking', 'using', 'regular', 'sequences', 'of', 'forms', 'of', 'smallest', 'possible', 'degree', 'at', 'each', 'step', 'we', 'call', 'such', 'ideals', 'minimally', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'answer', 'this', 'question', 'in', 'the', 'negative', 'in', 'particular', 'for', 'every', 'ngeq', '28', 'we', 'construct', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'n', 'points', 'in', 'mathbb', 'p3', 'which', 'are', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'but', 'not', 'minimally', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'moreover', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'one', 'can', 'not', 'distinguish', 'between', 'the', 'classes', 'of', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'and', 'nonlicci', 'ideals', 'based', 'only', 'on', 'their', 'hilbert', 'functions', 'nor', 'distinguish', 'between', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'and', 'minimally', 'homogeneously', 'licci', 'ideals', 'based', 'solely', 'on', 'the', 'graded', 'betti', 'numbers', 'finally', 'by', 'taking', 'hypersurface', 'sections', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'natural', 'question', 'has', 'a', 'negative', 'answer', 'whenever', 'the', 'height', 'of', 'the', 'ideal', 'is', 'at', 'least', 'three']] | [-0.11969123873593551, 0.15046171207321873, -0.05245448468253017, 0.06335743526063327, -0.053087866380810735, -0.1784779769262033, -0.00622167208830693, 0.3707812576528106, -0.32978420080883164, -0.21030042102028218, 0.10199278581288776, -0.2890858554520777, -0.12495080453875874, 0.16275130652423417, -0.1277725470904261, -0.06009917223293867, 0.04727199511602521, 0.07270180338727576, -0.0021381805361514643, -0.36850479791206975, 0.4092900406888553, -0.04982897900710148, 0.22005951393927847, 0.014069453280951296, 0.08721016919506448, -0.029115943613329105, -0.027191519918186323, 0.10268315387091466, -0.1951929625916195, 0.0910222761732127, 0.28038740241900084, 0.12281785174006862, 0.2323504862934351, -0.38654922275853876, -0.08506794800715788, 0.23072075831570796, 0.15650570913351008, 0.0639534208677443, 0.017876203938254287, -0.18710910247904913, 0.16786655889557942, -0.12408515587124774, -0.14875163874721953, -0.06399390100368432, 0.06449192006140947, -0.004560603436880878, -0.27120767929458195, -0.021149704067834785, 0.08983213674277067, 0.124909188204578, -0.0357699338592855, -0.03135954887207065, -0.07234021839153554, 0.09439881962857076, -0.07685942770207475, 0.003580306214945657, 0.06138642786303535, -0.05504632209560701, -0.10119525952796851, 0.3646953867641943, -0.04512919239300702, -0.2572346838723336, 0.1401688236663384, -0.19799390414463622, -0.13738664841279388, 0.09201952606439591, 0.08560412159455674, 0.16979467865611825, -0.11443933660430568, 0.12121206486797226, -0.15096174660537925, 0.16658127904204387, 0.10787708135853921, -0.02173590682979141, 0.23317929257239614, 0.08485149280168117, 0.07464029396218913, 0.1358862467303074, 0.011169529152767999, 0.0007069979325336005, -0.3203910395928792, -0.18985857860318253, -0.1564389585889876, 0.12045168325454662, -0.05586618141919773, -0.18839862226375512, 0.3843430395796895, 0.10705359299001949, 0.20059659337891, 0.04948421126564166, 0.2143074604762452, 0.036269240586303306, 0.04478580741211772, 0.11990720917071615, 0.13493145551532507, 0.13836118825578264, -0.0127576134832842, -0.09786150338394302, 0.05457121321931482, 0.12233597319573164] |
708.337 | New insight into cataract formation -- enhanced stability through mutual
attraction | Small-angle neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations
combined with an application of concepts from soft matter physics to complex
protein mixtures provide new insight into the stability of eye lens protein
mixtures. Exploring this colloid-protein analogy we demonstrate that weak
attractions between unlike proteins help to maintain lens transparency in an
extremely sensitive and non-monotonic manner. These results not only represent
an important step towards a better understanding of protein condensation
diseases such as cataract formation, but provide general guidelines for tuning
the stability of colloid mixtures, a topic relevant for soft matter physics and
industrial applications.
| cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech | smallangle neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations combined with an application of concepts from soft matter physics to complex protein mixtures provide new insight into the stability of eye lens protein mixtures exploring this colloidprotein analogy we demonstrate that weak attractions between unlike proteins help to maintain lens transparency in an extremely sensitive and nonmonotonic manner these results not only represent an important step towards a better understanding of protein condensation diseases such as cataract formation but provide general guidelines for tuning the stability of colloid mixtures a topic relevant for soft matter physics and industrial applications | [['smallangle', 'neutron', 'scattering', 'experiments', 'and', 'molecular', 'dynamics', 'simulations', 'combined', 'with', 'an', 'application', 'of', 'concepts', 'from', 'soft', 'matter', 'physics', 'to', 'complex', 'protein', 'mixtures', 'provide', 'new', 'insight', 'into', 'the', 'stability', 'of', 'eye', 'lens', 'protein', 'mixtures', 'exploring', 'this', 'colloidprotein', 'analogy', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'weak', 'attractions', 'between', 'unlike', 'proteins', 'help', 'to', 'maintain', 'lens', 'transparency', 'in', 'an', 'extremely', 'sensitive', 'and', 'nonmonotonic', 'manner', 'these', 'results', 'not', 'only', 'represent', 'an', 'important', 'step', 'towards', 'a', 'better', 'understanding', 'of', 'protein', 'condensation', 'diseases', 'such', 'as', 'cataract', 'formation', 'but', 'provide', 'general', 'guidelines', 'for', 'tuning', 'the', 'stability', 'of', 'colloid', 'mixtures', 'a', 'topic', 'relevant', 'for', 'soft', 'matter', 'physics', 'and', 'industrial', 'applications']] | [-0.05051499081759944, 0.13228779847265015, -0.11052739854479574, 0.11974301364287235, -0.10639102416612285, -0.14833474610500114, 0.023217862728771937, 0.3992933203879091, -0.24307407592375255, -0.3155013511351012, 0.034338091882953864, -0.23715114101441098, -0.21609998385652363, 0.2075880248406806, -0.006463095065049219, 0.043214225579898076, 0.07275925256484717, -0.036832099971865526, -0.0036665472782879452, -0.16480631489887565, 0.24262767172293717, 0.08638549321955166, 0.2724565081874427, 0.12392199579050246, 0.07811155506246484, 0.03833522386464876, -0.016696648162455998, 0.0013876999104299496, -0.18042622809335843, 0.13563216646614762, 0.3324243746621093, 0.08671110876255006, 0.23783907019677236, -0.45848438589228796, -0.2720777810330397, 0.06867381556142006, 0.17370448191410182, 0.1079149204978393, -0.14448490842562361, -0.29833896744266614, 0.0181589813461316, -0.1480452832141795, -0.13907833390667573, -0.16785106935163902, -0.01393507854033684, 0.055193265927619466, -0.22459101592929862, 0.07616119876686368, 0.07954182935225748, 0.08160601542859348, -0.08890046942835078, -0.12055741016409173, 0.04553780938287448, 0.15430027236513907, 0.026474328981664453, 0.004345247954053362, 0.23372535600168534, -0.22968171325454623, -0.08081512791152622, 0.40714577873496666, 0.005809177704558698, -0.17268574002112463, 0.2861902107311816, -0.08297750274122682, -0.16455305723435024, 0.15705373754590443, 0.196652761179853, 0.07970344142738692, -0.16004802272223012, -0.010350297446981956, 0.007335152433820299, 0.2578136713433646, 0.10004930248839262, 0.018027917907414863, 0.3102897327314083, 0.2786308753966671, 0.017495135239027824, 0.13604904902071605, -0.04208054095890719, -0.11470912811682396, -0.22041334076688537, -0.17487925220972178, -0.09918014625490633, 0.022246969439066497, -0.0993773572324816, -0.18770919851574702, 0.30000134991462696, 0.13466934384280077, 0.180345756164992, -0.012861370704300011, 0.2695993971026781, -0.02912968010449609, 0.01355947281435593, -0.054168432168470525, 0.2233844765164342, 0.12427108104043093, 0.11131250147813375, -0.23149482132242896, 0.09462105491937897, -0.010703189965798375] |
708.3371 | Z_3 Dark Matter and Two-Loop Neutrino Mass | Dark matter is usually distinguished from ordinary matter by an odd-even
parity, i.e. the discrete symmetry Z_2. The new idea of Z_3 dark matter is
proposed with a special application to generating radiative Majorana neutrino
masses in two-loop order.
| hep-ph | dark matter is usually distinguished from ordinary matter by an oddeven parity ie the discrete symmetry z_2 the new idea of z_3 dark matter is proposed with a special application to generating radiative majorana neutrino masses in twoloop order | [['dark', 'matter', 'is', 'usually', 'distinguished', 'from', 'ordinary', 'matter', 'by', 'an', 'oddeven', 'parity', 'ie', 'the', 'discrete', 'symmetry', 'z_2', 'the', 'new', 'idea', 'of', 'z_3', 'dark', 'matter', 'is', 'proposed', 'with', 'a', 'special', 'application', 'to', 'generating', 'radiative', 'majorana', 'neutrino', 'masses', 'in', 'twoloop', 'order']] | [-0.13493280774221206, 0.283356739438321, -0.08676150315202391, 0.20593571150078413, -0.17021391497781643, -0.141473175611538, -0.05248013975767371, 0.27400301043421793, -0.1983666526965606, -0.40113674319134307, 0.0066519670922739, -0.2546796437221555, -0.021694757139835603, 0.08316892889352182, 0.037352122412696004, 0.06127723244329294, -0.12211559252300037, 0.05076247048922456, -0.10295942653782475, -0.2575205778464293, 0.3470127207155411, -0.030438460958882783, 0.2111897591788035, 0.019465414413179342, 0.03710951835203629, -0.06924131878006917, -0.03437510187713764, -0.17394209700899246, -0.0720715886578919, -0.002773484358420739, 0.19309207991673014, 0.006486090031476357, 0.07862682870995158, -0.42623056805668735, -0.171329345410833, 0.2327473430106273, 0.16225050578419214, 0.1473329204779405, -0.18054938292465147, -0.39441599410313827, 0.07108977206576711, -0.29514284833119464, -0.13158372251125863, -0.06796926076117998, -0.07644433537736917, -0.10429659232688256, -0.26461712937228954, 0.07856669060838146, -0.045962885953485966, -0.058190663560078695, 0.018439611348395165, -0.14164457393762392, -0.08823653081288704, -0.04109927547426942, 0.17733867587044072, -0.059842136658680364, 0.11667155470543851, -0.2160111889243126, -0.1278257125463241, 0.5131250770914798, -0.07723853409660454, -0.16845335646604115, 0.091624940196291, -0.07370505700460993, -0.18220963454447114, 0.17593948086066982, 0.07025838767488797, 0.07113980628454532, -0.11521276841104293, 0.17347081191837788, -0.11728936906617421, 0.1786421802945626, 0.026070939735151254, 0.005610953980626969, 0.35990299862952757, 0.18127535665646577, 0.1115358155220747, 0.01609308384836484, -0.06558798294430837, -0.09860464142492184, -0.4014264180874213, -0.1505901966100702, -0.22627687454223633, 0.05921777719870592, -0.04256753360804839, -0.11169241211162163, 0.42125909646543175, 0.035699677701370836, 0.13921067502815276, 0.002035012086614584, 0.34997518446583015, 0.09431735540811832, 0.060154958126636654, -0.0009082606277213647, 0.2137345431897885, 0.19417427277837235, 0.019308517933285866, -0.31311701930080277, -0.08996900747745083, 0.13140828471678573] |
708.3372 | Delayed neutrino-driven supernova explosions aided by the standing
accretion-shock instability | We present results of 2D hydrodynamic simulations of stellar core collapse,
which confirm that the neutrino-heating mechanism remains viable for the
explosion of a wider mass range of supernova progenitors with iron cores. We
used an energy-dependent treatment of the neutrino transport based on the
"ray-by-ray plus" approximation, in which the number, energy, and momentum
equations are closed with a variable Eddington factor obtained by iteratively
solving a model Boltzmann equation. We focus on the evolution of a 15 Msun
progenitor and show that shock revival and the explosion are initiated at about
600 ms post bounce, powered by neutrino energy deposition. Similar to previous
findings for an 11.2 Msun star, but significantly later, the onset of the
explosion is fostered by the standing accretion shock instability (SASI). This
instability exhibits highest growth rates for the dipole and quadrupole modes,
which lead to large-amplitude bipolar shock oscillations and push the shock to
larger radii, thus increasing the time accreted matter is exposed to neutrino
heating in the gain layer. Therefore also convective overturn behind the shock
is strengthened. A "soft" nuclear equation of state that causes a rapid
contraction and a smaller radius of the forming neutron star and thus a fast
release of gravitational binding energy, seems to be more favorable for an
explosion. Rotation has the opposite effect because it leads to a more extended
and cooler neutron star and thus lower neutrino luminosities and mean energies
and overall less neutrino heating. Neutron star g-mode oscillations and the
acoustic mechanism play no important role in our simulations. (abridged)
| astro-ph | we present results of 2d hydrodynamic simulations of stellar core collapse which confirm that the neutrinoheating mechanism remains viable for the explosion of a wider mass range of supernova progenitors with iron cores we used an energydependent treatment of the neutrino transport based on the raybyray plus approximation in which the number energy and momentum equations are closed with a variable eddington factor obtained by iteratively solving a model boltzmann equation we focus on the evolution of a 15 msun progenitor and show that shock revival and the explosion are initiated at about 600 ms post bounce powered by neutrino energy deposition similar to previous findings for an 112 msun star but significantly later the onset of the explosion is fostered by the standing accretion shock instability sasi this instability exhibits highest growth rates for the dipole and quadrupole modes which lead to largeamplitude bipolar shock oscillations and push the shock to larger radii thus increasing the time accreted matter is exposed to neutrino heating in the gain layer therefore also convective overturn behind the shock is strengthened a soft nuclear equation of state that causes a rapid contraction and a smaller radius of the forming neutron star and thus a fast release of gravitational binding energy seems to be more favorable for an explosion rotation has the opposite effect because it leads to a more extended and cooler neutron star and thus lower neutrino luminosities and mean energies and overall less neutrino heating neutron star gmode oscillations and the acoustic mechanism play no important role in our simulations abridged | [['we', 'present', 'results', 'of', '2d', 'hydrodynamic', 'simulations', 'of', 'stellar', 'core', 'collapse', 'which', 'confirm', 'that', 'the', 'neutrinoheating', 'mechanism', 'remains', 'viable', 'for', 'the', 'explosion', 'of', 'a', 'wider', 'mass', 'range', 'of', 'supernova', 'progenitors', 'with', 'iron', 'cores', 'we', 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708.3373 | Energy-level pinning and the 0.7 spin state in one dimension: GaAs
quantum wires studied using finite-bias spectroscopy | We study the effects of electron-electron interactions on the energy levels
of GaAs quantum wires (QWs) using finite-bias spectroscopy. We probe the energy
spectrum at zero magnetic field, and at crossings of opposite-spin-levels in
high in-plane magnetic field B. Our results constitute direct evidence that
spin-up (higher energy) levels pin to the chemical potential as they populate.
We also show that spin-up and spin-down levels abruptly rearrange at the
crossing in a manner resembling the magnetic phase transitions predicted to
occur at crossings of Landau levels. This rearranging and pinning of subbands
provides a phenomenological explanation for the 0.7 structure, a
one-dimensional (1D) nanomagnetic state, and its high-B variants.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el | we study the effects of electronelectron interactions on the energy levels of gaas quantum wires qws using finitebias spectroscopy we probe the energy spectrum at zero magnetic field and at crossings of oppositespinlevels in high inplane magnetic field b our results constitute direct evidence that spinup higher energy levels pin to the chemical potential as they populate we also show that spinup and spindown levels abruptly rearrange at the crossing in a manner resembling the magnetic phase transitions predicted to occur at crossings of landau levels this rearranging and pinning of subbands provides a phenomenological explanation for the 07 structure a onedimensional 1d nanomagnetic state and its highb variants | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'electronelectron', 'interactions', 'on', 'the', 'energy', 'levels', 'of', 'gaas', 'quantum', 'wires', 'qws', 'using', 'finitebias', 'spectroscopy', 'we', 'probe', 'the', 'energy', 'spectrum', 'at', 'zero', 'magnetic', 'field', 'and', 'at', 'crossings', 'of', 'oppositespinlevels', 'in', 'high', 'inplane', 'magnetic', 'field', 'b', 'our', 'results', 'constitute', 'direct', 'evidence', 'that', 'spinup', 'higher', 'energy', 'levels', 'pin', 'to', 'the', 'chemical', 'potential', 'as', 'they', 'populate', 'we', 'also', 'show', 'that', 'spinup', 'and', 'spindown', 'levels', 'abruptly', 'rearrange', 'at', 'the', 'crossing', 'in', 'a', 'manner', 'resembling', 'the', 'magnetic', 'phase', 'transitions', 'predicted', 'to', 'occur', 'at', 'crossings', 'of', 'landau', 'levels', 'this', 'rearranging', 'and', 'pinning', 'of', 'subbands', 'provides', 'a', 'phenomenological', 'explanation', 'for', 'the', '07', 'structure', 'a', 'onedimensional', '1d', 'nanomagnetic', 'state', 'and', 'its', 'highb', 'variants']] | [-0.17619376637567594, 0.21284184059455852, -0.04161120520061727, 0.0984342636797077, 0.0009547267454089942, -0.1381927794880337, 0.11999304454420107, 0.39190367614436483, -0.23797861993726757, -0.36983737792750754, -0.04841247685814138, -0.2775777705979568, -0.0796474249455733, 0.15734930733149802, 0.07775852150559702, -0.06058825060123733, 0.019974334458648053, -0.021812127821181936, -0.07286621434333804, -0.1684933682468168, 0.26082155512024957, 0.051401567846941935, 0.28230534246217254, 0.0974252777458686, 0.04186905895928956, -0.030065148795040807, 0.13312599567466854, 0.0048346294486826214, -0.16139164427497438, 0.01465217767852462, 0.22354410868784827, -0.08468532649998518, 0.22263845158266593, -0.4813683338687514, -0.1839751079592302, 0.031652944986018595, 0.15089837590198, 0.15648891213694932, -0.06051649015797819, -0.2789279229214622, 0.03866852853550679, -0.13568600731108477, -0.13963559365624356, -0.07705748385611784, -0.011512658039228645, -0.008462176539641977, -0.2245337622034303, 0.1169815602929534, 0.061083690114578024, 0.07682101951084203, -0.13315227897341916, -0.11187429735717294, -0.08370010948231167, 0.07921879390832381, 0.03406883072521952, 0.04014825128251687, 0.1550786438855101, -0.13566701727945152, -0.1433887236096241, 0.33648649067617953, -0.06394918521659242, -0.09317512146231753, 0.20285157761019137, -0.22042600694489753, -0.12570395131802392, 0.17815290399206182, 0.1419573257315076, 0.03645467233878595, -0.05365792377172814, 0.07368205389853015, 0.049583014312062273, 0.11769101256262123, 0.0812114034951837, 0.08443756823221014, 0.29488931253500694, 0.1568631841100459, 0.03019462822488061, 0.11613199949971642, -0.16832681909781294, -0.05752377376322531, -0.23857933101761672, -0.13809181068144324, -0.1920217104833918, 0.07082963050601797, -0.023243380148078023, -0.18033765514243255, 0.45722735940513237, 0.11878018959045962, 0.1992029598482919, -0.012435298382856504, 0.28669695001250756, 0.17412549327558804, 0.06660422759779505, 0.04162924156386267, 0.23021229937256538, 0.17130273297705031, 0.10570643920477273, -0.2779987800318782, -0.0059854952377025724, -0.028312149824126175] |
708.3374 | Desorption From Interstellar Ices | The desorption of molecular species from ice mantles back into the gas phase
in molecular clouds results from a variety of very poorly understood processes.
We have investigated three mechanisms; desorption resulting from H_2 formation
on grains, direct cosmic ray heating and cosmic ray induced photodesorption.
Whilst qualitative differences exist between these processes (essentially
deriving from the assumptions concerning the species-selectivity of the
desorption and the assumed threshold adsorption energies, E_t) all three
processes are found to be potentially very significant in dark cloud
conditions. It is therefore important that all three mechanisms should be
considered in studies of molecular clouds in which freeze-out and desorption
are believed to be important.
Employing a chemical model of a typical static molecular core and using
likely estimates for the quantum yields of the three processes we find that
desorption by H_2 formation probably dominates over the other two mechanisms.
However, the physics of the desorption processes and the nature of the dust
grains and ice mantles are very poorly constrained. We therefore conclude that
the best approach is to set empirical constraints on the desorption, based on
observed molecular depletions - rather than try to establish the desorption
efficiencies from purely theoretical considerations. Applying this method to
one such object (L1689B) yields upper limits to the desorption efficiencies
that are consistent with our understanding of these mechanisms.
| astro-ph | the desorption of molecular species from ice mantles back into the gas phase in molecular clouds results from a variety of very poorly understood processes we have investigated three mechanisms desorption resulting from h_2 formation on grains direct cosmic ray heating and cosmic ray induced photodesorption whilst qualitative differences exist between these processes essentially deriving from the assumptions concerning the speciesselectivity of the desorption and the assumed threshold adsorption energies e_t all three processes are found to be potentially very significant in dark cloud conditions it is therefore important that all three mechanisms should be considered in studies of molecular clouds in which freezeout and desorption are believed to be important employing a chemical model of a typical static molecular core and using likely estimates for the quantum yields of the three processes we find that desorption by h_2 formation probably dominates over the other two mechanisms however the physics of the desorption processes and the nature of the dust grains and ice mantles are very poorly constrained we therefore conclude that the best approach is to set empirical constraints on the desorption based on observed molecular depletions rather than try to establish the desorption efficiencies from purely theoretical considerations applying this method to one such object l1689b yields upper limits to the desorption efficiencies that are consistent with our understanding of these mechanisms | [['the', 'desorption', 'of', 'molecular', 'species', 'from', 'ice', 'mantles', 'back', 'into', 'the', 'gas', 'phase', 'in', 'molecular', 'clouds', 'results', 'from', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'very', 'poorly', 'understood', 'processes', 'we', 'have', 'investigated', 'three', 'mechanisms', 'desorption', 'resulting', 'from', 'h_2', 'formation', 'on', 'grains', 'direct', 'cosmic', 'ray', 'heating', 'and', 'cosmic', 'ray', 'induced', 'photodesorption', 'whilst', 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'physics', 'of', 'the', 'desorption', 'processes', 'and', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'dust', 'grains', 'and', 'ice', 'mantles', 'are', 'very', 'poorly', 'constrained', 'we', 'therefore', 'conclude', 'that', 'the', 'best', 'approach', 'is', 'to', 'set', 'empirical', 'constraints', 'on', 'the', 'desorption', 'based', 'on', 'observed', 'molecular', 'depletions', 'rather', 'than', 'try', 'to', 'establish', 'the', 'desorption', 'efficiencies', 'from', 'purely', 'theoretical', 'considerations', 'applying', 'this', 'method', 'to', 'one', 'such', 'object', 'l1689b', 'yields', 'upper', 'limits', 'to', 'the', 'desorption', 'efficiencies', 'that', 'are', 'consistent', 'with', 'our', 'understanding', 'of', 'these', 'mechanisms']] | [-0.03900621663763359, 0.1517998447261684, -0.09837415487601552, 0.09733793333344028, -0.0013157165381689911, -0.07552277818614525, 0.07098053547035853, 0.4068915012538968, -0.25707183549318446, -0.31470408884499373, 0.05235313439131986, -0.25079352675724126, 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708.3375 | Estimating the expectation values of spin 1/2 observables with finite
resources | We examine the problem of estimating the expectation values of two
observables when we have a finite number of copies of an unknown qubit state.
Specifically we examine whether it is better to measure each of the observables
separately on different copies or to perform a joint measurement of the
observables on each copy. We find that joint measurements can sometimes provide
an advantage over separate measurements, but only if we make estimates of an
observable based solely on the results of measurements of that observable. If
we instead use both sets of results to estimate each observable then we find
that individual measurements will be better. Finally we consider estimating the
expectation values of three complementary observables for an unknown qubit.
| quant-ph | we examine the problem of estimating the expectation values of two observables when we have a finite number of copies of an unknown qubit state specifically we examine whether it is better to measure each of the observables separately on different copies or to perform a joint measurement of the observables on each copy we find that joint measurements can sometimes provide an advantage over separate measurements but only if we make estimates of an observable based solely on the results of measurements of that observable if we instead use both sets of results to estimate each observable then we find that individual measurements will be better finally we consider estimating the expectation values of three complementary observables for an unknown qubit | [['we', 'examine', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'estimating', 'the', 'expectation', 'values', 'of', 'two', 'observables', 'when', 'we', 'have', 'a', 'finite', 'number', 'of', 'copies', 'of', 'an', 'unknown', 'qubit', 'state', 'specifically', 'we', 'examine', 'whether', 'it', 'is', 'better', 'to', 'measure', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'observables', 'separately', 'on', 'different', 'copies', 'or', 'to', 'perform', 'a', 'joint', 'measurement', 'of', 'the', 'observables', 'on', 'each', 'copy', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'joint', 'measurements', 'can', 'sometimes', 'provide', 'an', 'advantage', 'over', 'separate', 'measurements', 'but', 'only', 'if', 'we', 'make', 'estimates', 'of', 'an', 'observable', 'based', 'solely', 'on', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'measurements', 'of', 'that', 'observable', 'if', 'we', 'instead', 'use', 'both', 'sets', 'of', 'results', 'to', 'estimate', 'each', 'observable', 'then', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'individual', 'measurements', 'will', 'be', 'better', 'finally', 'we', 'consider', 'estimating', 'the', 'expectation', 'values', 'of', 'three', 'complementary', 'observables', 'for', 'an', 'unknown', 'qubit']] | [-0.09319953650778129, 0.13211361576514852, -0.10111590842792734, 0.03408981567786885, -0.04785268207187535, -0.1309602385554768, 0.056454552635245146, 0.3970173884671731, -0.24150311452390047, -0.2833749822180596, 0.11225272205154427, -0.3003206017778301, -0.07561407691739942, 0.19679572196394876, -0.05062551566086648, 0.01782437930953284, 0.1005263741006006, 0.08848001313091401, -0.1121120931462339, -0.24469915966190336, 0.3438031256053841, 0.031178255031099084, 0.24149194019312253, 0.003868311017629553, 0.1458381944084082, 0.043071850817497884, -0.05485905082820014, 0.046543067939518415, -0.17364807186936188, 0.0891879518138489, 0.20228745937194736, 0.18867413325952825, 0.24685096626215783, -0.42160301560490226, -0.14948275646378026, 0.19329155814360643, 0.12276219967447344, 0.13420476132362594, 0.020884486958270006, -0.2493459127264166, 0.08190987867944431, -0.13609999984686003, -0.04893592021000556, -0.10448201811399127, -0.0031843240731624796, -0.007701461945782553, -0.3168283441394079, 0.034232885301968115, -0.010462984751879435, 0.006211807707049807, -0.07576701358308038, -0.11150675909937222, 0.014221544499646445, 0.18037199705469872, 0.03726580466590364, -0.020206137059340407, 0.12952246829928432, -0.11213533089450392, -0.14918430537065552, 0.3210806846924004, -0.07891670476834167, -0.24685441247630316, 0.14335360159891367, -0.193783159337205, -0.18653063401274506, 0.022733483058934818, 0.1717325932161165, 0.12296590556726471, -0.16166316369630981, 0.009557435518039054, -0.09710449352860451, 0.20857469467293532, -0.0070021709877631216, 0.08429784931196663, 0.18002093719608595, 0.0978829858301696, 0.09741610784243915, 0.12460587354144081, -0.11145193855560644, -0.03710553252336676, -0.33287103257340483, -0.147298281661189, -0.20547031977626143, 0.06918888460447797, -0.08758132282995665, -0.15434116276255885, 0.4036953023818062, 0.2129534862355375, 0.2801141560451723, 0.034858334063338575, 0.3276492450386286, 0.13909486329877657, 0.029365782283406826, 0.040521647311655466, 0.24598402890269874, 0.08652467879115558, -0.04480364806587487, -0.20131273990206908, 0.1018820524627923, 0.00017432910275691358] |
708.3376 | Ground state capture in $^{14}$N(p,$\gamma$)$^{15}$O studied above the
259 keV resonance at LUNA | We report on a new measurement of $^{14}$N(p,$\gamma$)$^{15}$O for the ground
state capture transition at $E_p$ = 360, 380 and 400 keV, using the 400 kV LUNA
accelerator. The true coincidence summing effect --the major source of error in
the ground state capture determination-- has been significantly reduced by
using a Clover--type gamma detector.
| nucl-ex | we report on a new measurement of 14npgamma15o for the ground state capture transition at e_p 360 380 and 400 kev using the 400 kv luna accelerator the true coincidence summing effect the major source of error in the ground state capture determination has been significantly reduced by using a clovertype gamma detector | [['we', 'report', 'on', 'a', 'new', 'measurement', 'of', '14npgamma15o', 'for', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'capture', 'transition', 'at', 'e_p', '360', '380', 'and', '400', 'kev', 'using', 'the', '400', 'kv', 'luna', 'accelerator', 'the', 'true', 'coincidence', 'summing', 'effect', 'the', 'major', 'source', 'of', 'error', 'in', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'capture', 'determination', 'has', 'been', 'significantly', 'reduced', 'by', 'using', 'a', 'clovertype', 'gamma', 'detector']] | [-0.04975962461376528, 0.16314863568207003, -0.05765085961704828, 0.04790015082876637, 0.018301078346821497, -0.11391344636608407, 0.08167440812367033, 0.3662507852433987, -0.23970584929832872, -0.39961056219730173, 0.07225807153242025, -0.33719047566629806, 0.07203456721672753, 0.21680169816585784, 0.04238003558250812, 0.0744176437761986, 0.11762433463953575, 0.07096681951211309, -0.10361198105691176, -0.14055572449502027, 0.2807435252756443, 0.12016009942646015, 0.2877808981838654, 0.10215500475100751, 0.17234217473920785, 0.018716774467941164, 0.026966161103391985, -0.07417711021185343, -0.12556924466219432, 0.05861871777418649, 0.235777504381917, 0.1006327786050157, 0.20731003332953407, -0.33974461536854506, -0.1740399076041045, 0.08595644361515231, 0.09361442906413016, 0.039821569772683224, -0.05610531945668934, -0.3353004320788215, 0.11417016394014629, -0.2286518520306585, -0.08421274821519992, 0.006227675614491949, 0.009032153998905758, -0.032973630046296235, -0.1720804190087431, 0.06515186642437189, -0.03641048066739766, 0.0816654773991344, -0.11199970372056342, -0.18892629224947602, 0.08936055507571304, 0.11054514265917945, -0.033278636744175596, 0.11594667562441725, 0.13629490634830632, -0.08899690210819244, -0.10150185603437559, 0.35260022807655467, -0.06541607200765526, -0.05066581109960405, 0.11193672228463979, -0.19262445787459892, -0.08199663026003554, 0.26995180304742084, 0.1411205215713466, 0.06503684572734923, -0.15061718392414306, 0.0541997481618551, 0.040744475031904176, 0.21950664880843657, 0.12099243515338046, -0.042975473472461945, 0.17104173964768085, 0.20406536852835483, 0.02585133975195997, 0.09329669812984132, -0.25296500670055877, -0.002931415837012091, -0.28611372615087705, -0.11918149888515472, -0.14178305105218347, 0.08074475277461252, 0.0035899011069526546, -0.04380505047914273, 0.45177156225127996, 0.09105967886675641, 0.18812690228926685, -0.015256756754100041, 0.2479116264291389, 0.08866401737169274, 0.05014842729312631, 0.027990212027018645, 0.3135124874775702, 0.14763963430733332, 0.0912713435267643, -0.23989053885891753, 0.0870925547414512, -0.009914048639881724] |
708.3377 | The Distances of SNR W41 and overlapping HII regions | New HI images from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey show prominent absorption
features associated with the supernovae remnant G23.3-0.3 (SNR W41). We
highlight the HI absorption spectra and the $^{13}$CO emission spectra of eight
small regions on the face of W41, including four HII regions, three non-thermal
emission regions and one unclassified region. The maximum velocity of
absorption for W41 is 78$\pm$2 km/s and the CO cloud at radial velocity
95$\pm$5 km/s is behind W41. Because an extended TeV source, a diffuse X-ray
enhancement and a large molecular cloud at radial velocity 77$\pm$5 km/s are
also projected at the center of W41, these yield the kinematic distance of 3.9
to 4.5 kpc for W41. For HII regions, our analyses reveal that both G23.42-0.21
and G23.07+0.25 are at the far kinematic distances ($\sim$9.9 kpc and $\sim$
10.6 kpc respectively) of their recombination-line velocities (103$\pm$0.5 km/s
and 89.6$\pm$2.1 km/s respectively), G23.07-0.37 is at the near kinematic
distance (4.4$\pm$0.3 kpc) of its recombination-line velocity (82.7$\pm$2.0
km/s), and G23.27-0.27 is probably at the near kinematic distance (4.1$\pm$0.3
kpc) of its recombination-line velocity (76.1$\pm$0.6 km/s).
| astro-ph | new hi images from the vla galactic plane survey show prominent absorption features associated with the supernovae remnant g23303 snr w41 we highlight the hi absorption spectra and the 13co emission spectra of eight small regions on the face of w41 including four hii regions three nonthermal emission regions and one unclassified region the maximum velocity of absorption for w41 is 78pm2 kms and the co cloud at radial velocity 95pm5 kms is behind w41 because an extended tev source a diffuse xray enhancement and a large molecular cloud at radial velocity 77pm5 kms are also projected at the center of w41 these yield the kinematic distance of 39 to 45 kpc for w41 for hii regions our analyses reveal that both g2342021 and g2307025 are at the far kinematic distances sim99 kpc and sim 106 kpc respectively of their recombinationline velocities 103pm05 kms and 896pm21 kms respectively g2307037 is at the near kinematic distance 44pm03 kpc of its recombinationline velocity 827pm20 kms and g2327027 is probably at the near kinematic distance 41pm03 kpc of its recombinationline velocity 761pm06 kms | [['new', 'hi', 'images', 'from', 'the', 'vla', 'galactic', 'plane', 'survey', 'show', 'prominent', 'absorption', 'features', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'supernovae', 'remnant', 'g23303', 'snr', 'w41', 'we', 'highlight', 'the', 'hi', 'absorption', 'spectra', 'and', 'the', '13co', 'emission', 'spectra', 'of', 'eight', 'small', 'regions', 'on', 'the', 'face', 'of', 'w41', 'including', 'four', 'hii', 'regions', 'three', 'nonthermal', 'emission', 'regions', 'and', 'one', 'unclassified', 'region', 'the', 'maximum', 'velocity', 'of', 'absorption', 'for', 'w41', 'is', '78pm2', 'kms', 'and', 'the', 'co', 'cloud', 'at', 'radial', 'velocity', '95pm5', 'kms', 'is', 'behind', 'w41', 'because', 'an', 'extended', 'tev', 'source', 'a', 'diffuse', 'xray', 'enhancement', 'and', 'a', 'large', 'molecular', 'cloud', 'at', 'radial', 'velocity', '77pm5', 'kms', 'are', 'also', 'projected', 'at', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'w41', 'these', 'yield', 'the', 'kinematic', 'distance', 'of', '39', 'to', '45', 'kpc', 'for', 'w41', 'for', 'hii', 'regions', 'our', 'analyses', 'reveal', 'that', 'both', 'g2342021', 'and', 'g2307025', 'are', 'at', 'the', 'far', 'kinematic', 'distances', 'sim99', 'kpc', 'and', 'sim', '106', 'kpc', 'respectively', 'of', 'their', 'recombinationline', 'velocities', '103pm05', 'kms', 'and', '896pm21', 'kms', 'respectively', 'g2307037', 'is', 'at', 'the', 'near', 'kinematic', 'distance', '44pm03', 'kpc', 'of', 'its', 'recombinationline', 'velocity', '827pm20', 'kms', 'and', 'g2327027', 'is', 'probably', 'at', 'the', 'near', 'kinematic', 'distance', '41pm03', 'kpc', 'of', 'its', 'recombinationline', 'velocity', '761pm06', 'kms']] | [-0.06705394894732329, 0.050170649849397723, -0.021667551940786626, 0.04387992134172759, -0.08593858913992515, -0.06585437081709593, 0.029349108477552493, 0.47902328243533504, -0.20452427218283364, -0.3005703696479162, 0.03031741901061046, -0.3462587613723949, 0.08372474188531587, 0.1792091383371491, 0.05456085667873469, -0.09106555276112575, 0.06862248418975377, -0.0854288475130668, -0.06115025346527088, -0.16438827606092848, 0.2727947429904413, 0.07912623602339251, 0.13278243664797104, 0.037465484232870404, 0.13681152063661706, -0.21528769075566578, -0.059378497844874235, -0.021586356154771266, -0.15447326855683277, 0.07060162743977355, 0.19413507890380072, 0.14317788836451437, 0.19443120590751312, -0.23761832626246496, -0.1936663970250837, 0.0048847781887422954, 0.26533128549052054, 0.013916204203879404, 0.034633159536372, -0.3696400605052888, 0.09824063985547174, -0.15926629763297334, -0.2860648603831044, 0.1402830308830243, 0.09276204265467265, 0.023416897793674094, -0.14736460308226462, 0.24282379183081024, -0.06264100846566795, 0.18189536862934153, -0.08970049232060458, -0.1643218198675428, -0.0886954699049029, 0.006810337263243106, -0.013125089493518817, 0.08078129387399305, 0.22773878370316888, -0.12951452695223653, 0.021254723824694486, 0.4021387802001959, -0.010132310674999824, 0.06528259411978418, 0.27902635590111957, -0.22425355973673014, -0.1666102425646996, 0.2700363698416852, 0.16412382225804364, 0.05745276742340149, -0.1358203711936217, -0.00860576518158802, -0.061141788845179144, 0.19983212185833982, 0.11685951637985285, 0.1067470235577199, 0.3149772875323267, 0.0029950457517738025, 0.0809698566727474, 0.06546379705545252, -0.4274655600642356, -0.017614673073041046, -0.27638300372187247, -0.0491889332285887, -0.08556148523679505, 0.02659901167952015, -0.21882944222481107, -0.06113429104039323, 0.2959958023543631, 0.10211112548427763, 0.2681031239506214, 0.0306761007265238, 0.31674254936037843, 0.03918528164566835, 0.10641971498053007, 0.23332877680213152, 0.3355864221955131, 0.22339512933251968, 0.10899165406834312, -0.22338459592990154, 0.03901722238393512, -0.0030603231360277015] |
708.3378 | Lagrange Instability of Geodesics in Curved Double Twisted Liquid
Crystals | It is shown that curved and flat helical double twisted liquid crystal (DTLC)
in blue phase, can be unstable (stable) depending of the sign, negative
(positive) of sectional curvature, depending on the pitch of the helix of the
nematic crystal. In both cases Cartan torsion is presented. It is also shown
that the instability or stability depends on the value of the pitch of the
helix in nematic crystals. Frank energy stability A similar result using the
method of Frank energy stability in the twist of cholesteric liquid crystal was
given by Kiselev and Sluckin [PRE 71(2005)], where the free twist number
determines the equilibrium value of the cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) pitch
of the helix. As a final example we solve the geodesic equations in twisted
nematics with variable pitch helix and non-constant torsion. This
non-Riemannian geometrical approach, also seems to unify two recent analysis of
cylindrical columns given by Santangelo et al [PRL 99,(2007)] and the curved
crystal endowed with torsion, given by Vitelli et al [Proc Nat Acad Sci
(2006)]. Stability of toroidal curved surfaces were also previously considered
by Bowick et al [PRE 69,(2004)], as an example of curvature-induced defect.
Investigation of the Lagrangean instability may be useful in the investigation
of HIV viruses and proteins.
| cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci | it is shown that curved and flat helical double twisted liquid crystal dtlc in blue phase can be unstable stable depending of the sign negative positive of sectional curvature depending on the pitch of the helix of the nematic crystal in both cases cartan torsion is presented it is also shown that the instability or stability depends on the value of the pitch of the helix in nematic crystals frank energy stability a similar result using the method of frank energy stability in the twist of cholesteric liquid crystal was given by kiselev and sluckin pre 712005 where the free twist number determines the equilibrium value of the cholesteric liquid crystals clc pitch of the helix as a final example we solve the geodesic equations in twisted nematics with variable pitch helix and nonconstant torsion this nonriemannian geometrical approach also seems to unify two recent analysis of cylindrical columns given by santangelo et al prl 992007 and the curved crystal endowed with torsion given by vitelli et al proc nat acad sci 2006 stability of toroidal curved surfaces were also previously considered by bowick et al pre 692004 as an example of curvatureinduced defect investigation of the lagrangean instability may be useful in the investigation of hiv viruses and proteins | [['it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'curved', 'and', 'flat', 'helical', 'double', 'twisted', 'liquid', 'crystal', 'dtlc', 'in', 'blue', 'phase', 'can', 'be', 'unstable', 'stable', 'depending', 'of', 'the', 'sign', 'negative', 'positive', 'of', 'sectional', 'curvature', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'pitch', 'of', 'the', 'helix', 'of', 'the', 'nematic', 'crystal', 'in', 'both', 'cases', 'cartan', 'torsion', 'is', 'presented', 'it', 'is', 'also', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'instability', 'or', 'stability', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'pitch', 'of', 'the', 'helix', 'in', 'nematic', 'crystals', 'frank', 'energy', 'stability', 'a', 'similar', 'result', 'using', 'the', 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708.3379 | Magnetic-field dependence of the critical currents in a periodic
coplanar array of narrow superconducting strip | We calculate the magnetic-field dependence of the critical current due to
both geometrical edge barriers and bulk pinning in a periodic coplanar array of
narrow superconducting strips. We find that in zero or low applied magnetic
fields the critical current can be considerably enhanced by the edge barriers,
but in modest applied magnetic fields the critical current reduces to that due
to bulk pinning alone.
| cond-mat.supr-con | we calculate the magneticfield dependence of the critical current due to both geometrical edge barriers and bulk pinning in a periodic coplanar array of narrow superconducting strips we find that in zero or low applied magnetic fields the critical current can be considerably enhanced by the edge barriers but in modest applied magnetic fields the critical current reduces to that due to bulk pinning alone | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'magneticfield', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'critical', 'current', 'due', 'to', 'both', 'geometrical', 'edge', 'barriers', 'and', 'bulk', 'pinning', 'in', 'a', 'periodic', 'coplanar', 'array', 'of', 'narrow', 'superconducting', 'strips', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'in', 'zero', 'or', 'low', 'applied', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'the', 'critical', 'current', 'can', 'be', 'considerably', 'enhanced', 'by', 'the', 'edge', 'barriers', 'but', 'in', 'modest', 'applied', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'the', 'critical', 'current', 'reduces', 'to', 'that', 'due', 'to', 'bulk', 'pinning', 'alone']] | [-0.19930482920474157, 0.22878022738374196, 0.01664329470636753, 0.04424655156639906, -0.07935622046844891, -0.13820418631657957, 0.10643987925364994, 0.3620809572247358, -0.26853028343847163, -0.3387842802474132, 0.06296080637615747, -0.22357429747398083, -0.09259108675715443, 0.19594936767378104, -0.012052466358559636, 0.02168708758142132, -0.019003071120152107, -0.012803623330994295, -0.06853712207566087, -0.1979950823319646, 0.30912813306427916, 0.024366549767840365, 0.3770352076810713, 0.15049665946370133, -0.01791864766094547, -0.018105342203321367, 0.0773234399751975, 0.13023397093638778, -0.15268856820833976, 0.03584475136147096, 0.21389393872366502, -0.09915698170661927, 0.17102924212096976, -0.5256333093230541, -0.18059970505822162, 0.07959251697533405, 0.19508938782203655, 0.15254746838830985, -0.030143351702449413, -0.23424826274411037, 0.11542139054777531, -0.11081713893665718, -0.14686303868567427, -0.05677901380337202, 0.024507679260120943, 0.04899604194439375, -0.2412638451044376, 0.08587777631787154, 0.0629490481582112, 0.06690299476568516, -0.0892211209409512, -0.09971990363242535, -0.06605701675423636, 0.055681266796846804, 0.05254770703613758, 0.11190419943573383, 0.22634632287976833, -0.1967651349071205, -0.09424392944201827, 0.3022121443341558, -0.06836834274805509, -0.13794419074860903, 0.20144329154147553, -0.21347951345288982, -0.03755192988767074, 0.1904306011990859, 0.13985349222874413, 0.017374465958430216, -0.09531483074220327, 0.08983068235818512, 0.08719093646281041, 0.10996092953360997, 0.05103411620052961, 0.010940403304994106, 0.2777808918689306, 0.1190978146229799, 0.13221520605282142, 0.17489958719099657, -0.17576657281472133, -0.048074594999735175, -0.215687193778845, -0.1076064681634307, -0.1972137385692734, 0.042474073984731846, -0.09307470500016979, -0.24145705862543904, 0.4123923139646649, 0.2361315391312998, 0.20725025958739796, -0.10028930987016513, 0.26296970293355676, 0.16946894516452002, 0.1500114770892721, 0.06947885459432235, 0.3063776163276858, 0.16232916042208673, 0.13210937880839294, -0.27634209423111034, 0.03333354794348662, -0.08041784895154146] |
708.338 | Constraining relativistic models through heavy ion collisions | Relativistic models can be successfully applied to the description of compact
star properties in nuclear astrophysics as well as to nuclear matter and finite
nuclei properties, these studies taking place at low and moderate temperatures.
Nevertheless, all results are model dependent and so far it is unclear whether
some of them should be discarded. Moreover, in the regime of hot hadronic
matter very few calculations exist using these relativistic models, in
particular when applied to particle yields in heavy ion collisions.
In the present work we comment on the known constraints that can help the
selection of adequate models in this regime and investigate the main
differences that arise when the particle production during a Au+Au collision at
RHIC is calculated with different models.
| hep-ph nucl-th | relativistic models can be successfully applied to the description of compact star properties in nuclear astrophysics as well as to nuclear matter and finite nuclei properties these studies taking place at low and moderate temperatures nevertheless all results are model dependent and so far it is unclear whether some of them should be discarded moreover in the regime of hot hadronic matter very few calculations exist using these relativistic models in particular when applied to particle yields in heavy ion collisions in the present work we comment on the known constraints that can help the selection of adequate models in this regime and investigate the main differences that arise when the particle production during a auau collision at rhic is calculated with different models | [['relativistic', 'models', 'can', 'be', 'successfully', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'description', 'of', 'compact', 'star', 'properties', 'in', 'nuclear', 'astrophysics', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'to', 'nuclear', 'matter', 'and', 'finite', 'nuclei', 'properties', 'these', 'studies', 'taking', 'place', 'at', 'low', 'and', 'moderate', 'temperatures', 'nevertheless', 'all', 'results', 'are', 'model', 'dependent', 'and', 'so', 'far', 'it', 'is', 'unclear', 'whether', 'some', 'of', 'them', 'should', 'be', 'discarded', 'moreover', 'in', 'the', 'regime', 'of', 'hot', 'hadronic', 'matter', 'very', 'few', 'calculations', 'exist', 'using', 'these', 'relativistic', 'models', 'in', 'particular', 'when', 'applied', 'to', 'particle', 'yields', 'in', 'heavy', 'ion', 'collisions', 'in', 'the', 'present', 'work', 'we', 'comment', 'on', 'the', 'known', 'constraints', 'that', 'can', 'help', 'the', 'selection', 'of', 'adequate', 'models', 'in', 'this', 'regime', 'and', 'investigate', 'the', 'main', 'differences', 'that', 'arise', 'when', 'the', 'particle', 'production', 'during', 'a', 'auau', 'collision', 'at', 'rhic', 'is', 'calculated', 'with', 'different', 'models']] | [-0.015274085065034488, 0.20264300518864464, -0.1272616524572274, 0.1406077159345225, -0.032782690680300396, -0.13027315753166593, -0.015298398746733343, 0.3822880311899127, -0.23533861767200212, -0.32832959704964815, 0.07007490379187549, -0.2694204731754238, -0.03288378586782323, 0.20121611534400033, -0.0005362778526520537, 0.022151735637547267, 0.07933622751302356, 0.033834054838441645, -0.06852111779153347, -0.22761615355979772, 0.305278554136279, 0.10316297321039583, 0.2071769524801282, 0.12585521027100302, 0.04501534179097132, -0.026697307960280487, -0.0050822480242782, 0.051335965778918996, -0.1202148741319815, 0.03389016961169076, 0.2919111136200832, 0.08090632870575533, 0.21755304496975675, -0.464359317004921, -0.24239524166219897, 0.11570829668010946, 0.15190942651937686, 0.1508320507278005, -0.08745659386547613, -0.20290003667375253, 0.10220409624068247, -0.20845233337815677, -0.11755649924218174, -0.09204649571291802, -0.004217346732114111, 0.05384502625055311, -0.23444804326525978, 0.07364861779065142, 0.0364024747029743, 0.008576925223796054, -0.07274633912076693, -0.14922990644681117, -0.020567687361166934, 0.09043511595659619, 0.08253155349314423, 0.020272932702585334, 0.1603540553703844, -0.15807095220999703, -0.07782467454155502, 0.4573017358179054, -0.038432216172241754, -0.1472671778136564, 0.2677278676682392, -0.2055238673271942, -0.20517035999200156, 0.09429545958916988, 0.21279015716150282, 0.12761412437577102, -0.17067237630708992, 0.0557832237928749, -0.026533053091336644, 0.1280709792886668, 0.03689675176546218, 0.0660328971655784, 0.24503882707006508, 0.16739663580289832, -0.05456643853329062, 0.07526475874410901, -0.09657464549344431, -0.0926321066104837, -0.3237883021694518, -0.050514783698975316, -0.13956849423195836, 0.005650714807768142, -0.042764212725394886, -0.0765677249554785, 0.34179727768435353, 0.15263607209518312, 0.21799714447960497, -0.045948089787646404, 0.27850078313701576, 0.11539944054956938, 0.03960489494455678, 0.09022094916191793, 0.3095119217264695, 0.13836199314063113, 0.09739885729692516, -0.23103354845314303, 0.06389153663880162, 0.007795058791675876] |
708.3381 | Architecture Optimization of a 3-DOF Translational Parallel Mechanism
for Machining Applications, the Orthoglide | This paper addresses the architecture optimization of a 3-DOF translational
parallel mechanism designed for machining applications. The design optimization
is conducted on the basis of a prescribed Cartesian workspace with prescribed
kinetostatic performances. The resulting machine, the Orthoglide, features
three fixed parallel linear joints which are mounted orthogonally and a mobile
platform which moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation. The
interesting features of the Orthoglide are a regular Cartesian workspace shape,
uniform performances in all directions and good compactness. A small-scale
prototype of the Orthoglide under development is presented at the end of this
paper.
| cs.RO | this paper addresses the architecture optimization of a 3dof translational parallel mechanism designed for machining applications the design optimization is conducted on the basis of a prescribed cartesian workspace with prescribed kinetostatic performances the resulting machine the orthoglide features three fixed parallel linear joints which are mounted orthogonally and a mobile platform which moves in the cartesian xyz space with fixed orientation the interesting features of the orthoglide are a regular cartesian workspace shape uniform performances in all directions and good compactness a smallscale prototype of the orthoglide under development is presented at the end of this paper | [['this', 'paper', 'addresses', 'the', 'architecture', 'optimization', 'of', 'a', '3dof', 'translational', 'parallel', 'mechanism', 'designed', 'for', 'machining', 'applications', 'the', 'design', 'optimization', 'is', 'conducted', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'a', 'prescribed', 'cartesian', 'workspace', 'with', 'prescribed', 'kinetostatic', 'performances', 'the', 'resulting', 'machine', 'the', 'orthoglide', 'features', 'three', 'fixed', 'parallel', 'linear', 'joints', 'which', 'are', 'mounted', 'orthogonally', 'and', 'a', 'mobile', 'platform', 'which', 'moves', 'in', 'the', 'cartesian', 'xyz', 'space', 'with', 'fixed', 'orientation', 'the', 'interesting', 'features', 'of', 'the', 'orthoglide', 'are', 'a', 'regular', 'cartesian', 'workspace', 'shape', 'uniform', 'performances', 'in', 'all', 'directions', 'and', 'good', 'compactness', 'a', 'smallscale', 'prototype', 'of', 'the', 'orthoglide', 'under', 'development', 'is', 'presented', 'at', 'the', 'end', 'of', 'this', 'paper']] | [-0.20060296324604399, 0.048397981267118334, -0.050249287445212204, -0.07294575842477534, -0.13747689157382262, -0.17296752047591976, -0.06458920393167633, 0.43634335232936605, -0.262604304389762, -0.27883076554934055, 0.11094778031378044, -0.20652255862571148, -0.1252656376217397, 0.16144751217596384, -0.08616063912988317, 0.1302076928906751, 0.11483849357927636, 0.01996608027161992, -0.07746213819470485, -0.22423318484608007, 0.27109970372854447, 0.040815609374216626, 0.3617230446591061, -0.03148692125295365, 0.1837548492476344, 0.02745142009831509, 0.01478413429719453, 0.04297620910000084, -0.13103736973158558, 0.17130948479907415, 0.23831641287257782, 0.10523041132457402, 0.27385031874766763, -0.4047219835753952, -0.11250682702116972, 0.027741507491648044, 0.12749475994318418, -0.005500277763289608, -0.04009658790654408, -0.2761410412483145, 0.09233291267787999, -0.11796782945035672, -0.12517756668432634, -0.044671180135361394, -0.02204513559307979, 0.08329749611985622, -0.250971684153952, -0.09105526852630536, 0.08457431889956399, 0.15089171340841115, -0.061809811142406294, -0.09702078078170212, -0.01715687632427684, 0.1402193003533674, 0.010503577947502538, 0.039529335038850505, 0.147308796829525, -0.09800147212452578, -0.1351785963230139, 0.44091492993947196, 0.03398333909940355, -0.30476264525394964, 0.1742984232758837, -0.0659315391225094, -0.12407228728632766, 0.10702203887001592, 0.2369632868248285, 0.13856617021089307, -0.16527183538264767, 0.08579765608574606, -0.03937947193198666, 0.12610888866973774, 0.07628762078404959, -0.031106011215027193, 0.2035306871022877, 0.23048596644099345, 0.10314451349122279, 0.2073151022077025, -0.09769986029856895, -0.12129905053452418, -0.33737617465002195, -0.15936863909912657, -0.14989620064294953, -0.06921410258403238, -0.10868576452182369, -0.18955922560120114, 0.44368711847108694, 0.10341350665572574, 0.16122673233324775, 0.05771004507669761, 0.3862528983047422, -0.009111050925008496, 0.047687170989051154, 0.0960587564076544, 0.20164382077601492, 0.062430540936029684, 0.14286944175813804, -0.1946110741700977, 0.04810485041614774, 0.061925841172282795] |
708.3382 | The Structure and the Distance of Collinder 121 from Hipparcos and
Photometry: Resolving the Discrepancy | We present further arguments that the Hipparcos parallaxes for some of the
clusters and associations represented in the Hipparcos catalog should be used
with caution in the study of the Galactic structure. It has been already shown
that the discrepancy between the Hipparcos and ground based parallaxes for
several clusters including the Pleiades, Coma Ber and NGC 6231 can be resolved
by recomputing the Hipparcos astrometric solutions with an improved algorithm
diminishing correlated errors in the attitude parameters. Here we present new
parallaxes obtained with this algorithm for another group of stars with
discrepant data - the galactic cluster Cr 121. The original Hipparcos
parallaxes led de Zeeuw et al. to conclude that Cr 121 and the surrounding
association of OB stars form a relatively compact and coherent moving group at
a distance of 550 -- 600 pc. Our corrected parallaxes reveal a different
spatial distribution of young stellar populace in this area. Both the cluster
Cr 121 and the extended OB association are considerably more distant (750 --
1000 pc), and the latter has a large depth probably extending beyond 1 kpc.
Therefore, not only are the recalculated parallaxes in complete agreement with
the photometric uvbybeta parallaxes, but the structure of the field they reveal
is no longer in discrepancy with that found by the photometric method.
| astro-ph | we present further arguments that the hipparcos parallaxes for some of the clusters and associations represented in the hipparcos catalog should be used with caution in the study of the galactic structure it has been already shown that the discrepancy between the hipparcos and ground based parallaxes for several clusters including the pleiades coma ber and ngc 6231 can be resolved by recomputing the hipparcos astrometric solutions with an improved algorithm diminishing correlated errors in the attitude parameters here we present new parallaxes obtained with this algorithm for another group of stars with discrepant data the galactic cluster cr 121 the original hipparcos parallaxes led de zeeuw et al to conclude that cr 121 and the surrounding association of ob stars form a relatively compact and coherent moving group at a distance of 550 600 pc our corrected parallaxes reveal a different spatial distribution of young stellar populace in this area both the cluster cr 121 and the extended ob association are considerably more distant 750 1000 pc and the latter has a large depth probably extending beyond 1 kpc therefore not only are the recalculated parallaxes in complete agreement with the photometric uvbybeta parallaxes but the structure of the field they reveal is no longer in discrepancy with that found by the photometric method | [['we', 'present', 'further', 'arguments', 'that', 'the', 'hipparcos', 'parallaxes', 'for', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'clusters', 'and', 'associations', 'represented', 'in', 'the', 'hipparcos', 'catalog', 'should', 'be', 'used', 'with', 'caution', 'in', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'galactic', 'structure', 'it', 'has', 'been', 'already', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'discrepancy', 'between', 'the', 'hipparcos', 'and', 'ground', 'based', 'parallaxes', 'for', 'several', 'clusters', 'including', 'the', 'pleiades', 'coma', 'ber', 'and', 'ngc', '6231', 'can', 'be', 'resolved', 'by', 'recomputing', 'the', 'hipparcos', 'astrometric', 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'probably', 'extending', 'beyond', '1', 'kpc', 'therefore', 'not', 'only', 'are', 'the', 'recalculated', 'parallaxes', 'in', 'complete', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'photometric', 'uvbybeta', 'parallaxes', 'but', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'field', 'they', 'reveal', 'is', 'no', 'longer', 'in', 'discrepancy', 'with', 'that', 'found', 'by', 'the', 'photometric', 'method']] | [-0.05479783774895031, 0.09944882088531685, -0.11118729715993585, 0.08967422744811535, -0.12077021972427882, -0.0699455868019614, 0.10891157768729012, 0.4395770855941052, -0.1899816217594022, -0.3807722247357285, 0.045098817909439634, -0.2935473548378362, -0.018479902078505864, 0.23131661168868156, -0.09345954692662628, -0.007118888847735646, 0.15603543458788027, -0.007178600104309099, -0.04246175267982708, -0.2949166111449771, 0.2706516425515157, 0.0701491756158946, 0.12820290222460795, -0.07058573400948283, 0.051435593895202636, -0.10804562393554248, -0.12046942112393418, 0.03162284803165253, 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708.3383 | Zonal Shear Flows with a Free Surface: Hamiltonian Formulation and
Linear and Nonlinear Stability | General theoretical results via a Hamiltonian formulation are developed for
zonal shear flows with the inclusion of the vortex stretching effect of the
deformed free surface. These results include a generalization of the
Flierl-Stern-Whitehead zero angular momentum theorem} for localized nonlinear
structures on or off the beta-plane, and sufficient conditions for linear and
nonlinear stability in the Liapunov sense - the latter are derived via bounds
on the equilibrium potential vorticity gradient.
| physics.flu-dyn | general theoretical results via a hamiltonian formulation are developed for zonal shear flows with the inclusion of the vortex stretching effect of the deformed free surface these results include a generalization of the flierlsternwhitehead zero angular momentum theorem for localized nonlinear structures on or off the betaplane and sufficient conditions for linear and nonlinear stability in the liapunov sense the latter are derived via bounds on the equilibrium potential vorticity gradient | [['general', 'theoretical', 'results', 'via', 'a', 'hamiltonian', 'formulation', 'are', 'developed', 'for', 'zonal', 'shear', 'flows', 'with', 'the', 'inclusion', 'of', 'the', 'vortex', 'stretching', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'deformed', 'free', 'surface', 'these', 'results', 'include', 'a', 'generalization', 'of', 'the', 'flierlsternwhitehead', 'zero', 'angular', 'momentum', 'theorem', 'for', 'localized', 'nonlinear', 'structures', 'on', 'or', 'off', 'the', 'betaplane', 'and', 'sufficient', 'conditions', 'for', 'linear', 'and', 'nonlinear', 'stability', 'in', 'the', 'liapunov', 'sense', 'the', 'latter', 'are', 'derived', 'via', 'bounds', 'on', 'the', 'equilibrium', 'potential', 'vorticity', 'gradient']] | [-0.13350304423698356, 0.14285790075414947, -0.1014716223979901, 0.07501604971475899, -0.07023473490761327, -0.09991221495770983, -0.02806397786230913, 0.29317463637728775, -0.29089475492281575, -0.21911887659225612, 0.10894678823616621, -0.21365899737658245, -0.13585054446344397, 0.2365967186334144, 0.005772210231849126, 0.0848558820850615, 0.07076375279409279, 0.011124500924987452, -0.07110244317445905, -0.1968392481428704, 0.33944291262222187, 0.05685695061194045, 0.30310261330700344, 0.08159361155038433, 0.0764235896657088, -0.004033255231167589, -0.02650332706647792, 0.0679011560311275, -0.21444099425072116, 0.10409966957356248, 0.16230826742414917, -0.006571985714669738, 0.24781780306782042, -0.4661125590359526, -0.22628488531336188, 0.03654207889256733, 0.09323885086923837, 0.12682880349457265, -0.048916089877353186, -0.26613925035510744, 0.05795583252661995, -0.11939642761967012, -0.1760792918170669, -0.1194829134536641, -0.01755215552901583, 0.07736259358935058, -0.3003963844318475, 0.16304707418395473, 0.1492350367396804, 0.07043872836282909, -0.13506730950903148, -0.09971252616461633, -0.13248015185152845, 0.05014415668390159, 0.05637090913951397, -0.018537887132593564, 0.12708787508974118, -0.1435093054680952, -0.054228387096165016, 0.35644390693466577, -0.09269826331375433, -0.30429458562284706, 0.16846902923591967, -0.09911789705843797, -0.0715723903084706, 0.132041150677417, 0.18499842174351216, 0.12173791965469719, -0.0902751122027569, 0.08827826894786475, -0.04910948392269867, 0.0640504838765732, 0.09370840657502413, 0.016678252866924075, 0.200243554876319, 0.08496278150539313, 0.1348918519648058, 0.13472183859641, -0.08483911372854241, -0.16916699723473616, -0.34032425859144755, -0.09692018821702472, -0.14222328571735748, 0.01868674119136163, -0.09077652269001452, -0.18062833250733093, 0.36698639360921725, 0.039456800650805236, 0.14779231253071753, 0.07788797593010323, 0.2902739613183907, 0.166318116918306, 0.030084851503904376, 0.08431301367069993, 0.29374856978122676, 0.23725351399209882, 0.10105465518343927, -0.26466092766828037, 0.008283570521910276, 0.1391631028282323] |
708.3384 | Orthogonal measurement-assisted quantum control | Existing algorithms for the optimal control of quantum observables are based
on locally optimal steps in the space of control fields, or as in the case of
genetic algorithms, operate on the basis of heuristics that do not explicitly
take into account details pertaining to the geometry of the search space. We
present globally efficient algorithms for quantum observable control that
follow direct or close-to-direct paths in the domain of unitary dynamical
propagators, based on partial reconstruction of these propagators at successive
points along the search trajectory through orthogonal observable measurements.
These algorithms can be implemented experimentally and offer an alternative to
the adaptive learning control approach to optimal control experiments (OCE).
Their performance is compared to that of local gradient-based control
optimization.
| quant-ph | existing algorithms for the optimal control of quantum observables are based on locally optimal steps in the space of control fields or as in the case of genetic algorithms operate on the basis of heuristics that do not explicitly take into account details pertaining to the geometry of the search space we present globally efficient algorithms for quantum observable control that follow direct or closetodirect paths in the domain of unitary dynamical propagators based on partial reconstruction of these propagators at successive points along the search trajectory through orthogonal observable measurements these algorithms can be implemented experimentally and offer an alternative to the adaptive learning control approach to optimal control experiments oce their performance is compared to that of local gradientbased control optimization | [['existing', 'algorithms', 'for', 'the', 'optimal', 'control', 'of', 'quantum', 'observables', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'locally', 'optimal', 'steps', 'in', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'control', 'fields', 'or', 'as', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'genetic', 'algorithms', 'operate', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'heuristics', 'that', 'do', 'not', 'explicitly', 'take', 'into', 'account', 'details', 'pertaining', 'to', 'the', 'geometry', 'of', 'the', 'search', 'space', 'we', 'present', 'globally', 'efficient', 'algorithms', 'for', 'quantum', 'observable', 'control', 'that', 'follow', 'direct', 'or', 'closetodirect', 'paths', 'in', 'the', 'domain', 'of', 'unitary', 'dynamical', 'propagators', 'based', 'on', 'partial', 'reconstruction', 'of', 'these', 'propagators', 'at', 'successive', 'points', 'along', 'the', 'search', 'trajectory', 'through', 'orthogonal', 'observable', 'measurements', 'these', 'algorithms', 'can', 'be', 'implemented', 'experimentally', 'and', 'offer', 'an', 'alternative', 'to', 'the', 'adaptive', 'learning', 'control', 'approach', 'to', 'optimal', 'control', 'experiments', 'oce', 'their', 'performance', 'is', 'compared', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'local', 'gradientbased', 'control', 'optimization']] | [-0.11002903059411213, 0.075081493252374, -0.13073041070382432, 0.054540787404593935, -0.0988082863527854, -0.14799680295028175, 0.08105354935320125, 0.44541877642518185, -0.28135723733633267, -0.28460325740399905, 0.1242563636929606, -0.19036097340400285, -0.14960143594052183, 0.24102794934831345, -0.04753203385082058, 0.1162557938807934, 0.061006494292027515, 0.01460480016320333, -0.0897463876956818, -0.26872074907286797, 0.2835832444510683, 0.05776937512612184, 0.29096490035566397, -0.03279006794919489, 0.1236991729858316, 0.03982486075542287, -0.03425783006718657, 0.028960835405713193, -0.10834562373589715, 0.11974277536358043, 0.29768359968744096, 0.17541726423259518, 0.26717655227870724, -0.4625485166754635, -0.18048103079657818, 0.11020367988003571, 0.17727386029666198, 0.11765665249883762, -0.04625502641152469, -0.27886952937114984, 0.07413307577753286, -0.06946555995306031, -0.05310692070968083, -0.14263775766842435, -0.06289904901269273, 0.032922852686788545, -0.2916296871577496, 0.018198643450350424, 0.0225110159092869, 0.024439214866180888, -0.06969227665962774, -0.1020564050604513, 0.03207994560466804, 0.1561367244452055, -0.012824539165775918, 0.009709046420748116, 0.17130744642555165, -0.08841396422033794, -0.24101188097990758, 0.35858631512669265, -0.01199656434368617, -0.241700219343508, 0.1732502696676882, -0.06537683145524781, -0.11199691024853191, 0.14261737867395896, 0.25470148619325433, 0.1571482947958847, -0.1546263303550449, 0.0934770426051653, 0.001684792290182143, 0.1265610761150382, 0.010699546220330675, 0.06647447183285458, 0.15013580371389074, 0.13421139580609856, 0.16241469871268044, 0.08859261457968626, -0.02840578766944284, -0.17245540515992974, -0.2986564581687028, -0.13406648108979963, -0.15388823466825863, -0.0022198436265290318, -0.08539877772952914, -0.17325121362466503, 0.3830276315986011, 0.19350835239346764, 0.17825142111720854, 0.04644316574176926, 0.3385492733786585, 0.10069661535757793, 0.07800469449225081, 0.08164807620885797, 0.24470243364053426, 0.05351977146490187, 0.06334998173120081, -0.2709261868110873, 0.0672206972557746, 0.08069504262329857] |
708.3385 | An algebraic formulation of Thurston's characterization of rational
functions | Following Douady-Hubbard and Bartholdi-Nekrashevych, we give an algebraic
formulation of Thurston's characterization of rational functions. The
techniques developed are applied to the analysis of the dynamics on the set of
free homotopy classes of simple closed curves induced by a rational function.
The resulting finiteness results yield new information on the global dynamics
of the pullback map on Teichm\"uller space used in the proof of the
characterization theorem.
| math.DS math.GR | following douadyhubbard and bartholdinekrashevych we give an algebraic formulation of thurstons characterization of rational functions the techniques developed are applied to the analysis of the dynamics on the set of free homotopy classes of simple closed curves induced by a rational function the resulting finiteness results yield new information on the global dynamics of the pullback map on teichmuller space used in the proof of the characterization theorem | [['following', 'douadyhubbard', 'and', 'bartholdinekrashevych', 'we', 'give', 'an', 'algebraic', 'formulation', 'of', 'thurstons', 'characterization', 'of', 'rational', 'functions', 'the', 'techniques', 'developed', 'are', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'dynamics', 'on', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'free', 'homotopy', 'classes', 'of', 'simple', 'closed', 'curves', 'induced', 'by', 'a', 'rational', 'function', 'the', 'resulting', 'finiteness', 'results', 'yield', 'new', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'global', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'pullback', 'map', 'on', 'teichmuller', 'space', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'proof', 'of', 'the', 'characterization', 'theorem']] | [-0.1392899170629124, 0.018441634588230248, -0.17157179918557183, 0.08007373060308286, -0.07296965368536872, -0.05313541820105999, 0.029517828542461145, 0.27557416065637746, -0.326440901565018, -0.23283789815631376, 0.09363711382602967, -0.2246139802789288, -0.1794177319562591, 0.2859119412058325, -0.1277657156921367, 0.04442897207562381, 0.04008331151901564, 0.05740772437915873, -0.09985056056627142, -0.25984596253247627, 0.40271540870195005, -0.022030324932299, 0.2566612482915477, 0.08856295862360232, 0.1484290845622656, 0.06481131027216341, -0.07346092873433632, -0.0030891717026712124, -0.25208530237258814, 0.1783462095755472, 0.2129867591603256, 0.1480426556263953, 0.19718446774380421, -0.4200211687764125, -0.17241967548859485, 0.15077134998821057, 0.07158101762909053, 0.02414493981415211, -0.027712199459922735, -0.2841548179623796, 0.05849410585169472, -0.08297101761311737, -0.17787038393096247, -0.12250023998959518, -0.01982539816439819, 0.0576605914271812, -0.20176928662764493, -0.041870713379901295, 0.12191680614113697, 0.1377129318025797, -0.10193240275231204, -0.056230751698516976, -0.041017837756410686, 0.1321035847971355, 0.002818772485896723, 0.0516464015757387, 0.1276350625262443, -0.08126382529735565, -0.12076918771073444, 0.33825320209751825, -0.08398124060607445, -0.23578977940687493, 0.16112983759159027, -0.10265643249001744, -0.15320575381142656, 0.17638678565176566, 0.13220777210723886, 0.16096095645751582, -0.1004712155450191, 0.13578954262488674, -0.08876969997506978, 0.08362104968209542, 0.05681658470169155, 0.002752959811642988, 0.1212963165312227, 0.11246019988598775, 0.0980232881187503, 0.1548326201372043, -0.0017602825719765874, -0.09196588063417975, -0.35855991977141866, -0.146313172758126, -0.13596246828005384, 0.10014470957337754, -0.12560765886546368, -0.2312162740628666, 0.4581800020272051, 0.0469014980906704, 0.14966181507890128, 0.11808497327338181, 0.2559538837244262, 0.10408646308790037, 0.02153972929009973, 0.012616249927277886, 0.18619417846237601, 0.19827070953185433, 0.005523381914609849, -0.1664598493579664, 0.0207391992878558, 0.23997160744394608] |
708.3386 | Three-dimensional AdS gravity and extremal CFTs at c=8m | We note that Witten's proposed duality between extremal c=24k CFTs and
three-dimensional anti-de Sitter gravity may possibly be extended to central
charges that are multiples of 8, for which extremal self-dual CFTs are known to
exist up to c=40. All CFTs of this type with central charge 24 or higher,
provided that they exist, have the required mass gap and may serve as candidate
duals to three-dimensional gravity at the corresponding values of the
cosmological constant. Here, we compute the genus one partition function of
these theories up to c=88, we give exact and approximate formulas for the
degeneracies of states, and we determine the genus two partition functions of
the theories up to c=40.
| hep-th | we note that wittens proposed duality between extremal c24k cfts and threedimensional antide sitter gravity may possibly be extended to central charges that are multiples of 8 for which extremal selfdual cfts are known to exist up to c40 all cfts of this type with central charge 24 or higher provided that they exist have the required mass gap and may serve as candidate duals to threedimensional gravity at the corresponding values of the cosmological constant here we compute the genus one partition function of these theories up to c88 we give exact and approximate formulas for the degeneracies of states and we determine the genus two partition functions of the theories up to c40 | [['we', 'note', 'that', 'wittens', 'proposed', 'duality', 'between', 'extremal', 'c24k', 'cfts', 'and', 'threedimensional', 'antide', 'sitter', 'gravity', 'may', 'possibly', 'be', 'extended', 'to', 'central', 'charges', 'that', 'are', 'multiples', 'of', '8', 'for', 'which', 'extremal', 'selfdual', 'cfts', 'are', 'known', 'to', 'exist', 'up', 'to', 'c40', 'all', 'cfts', 'of', 'this', 'type', 'with', 'central', 'charge', '24', 'or', 'higher', 'provided', 'that', 'they', 'exist', 'have', 'the', 'required', 'mass', 'gap', 'and', 'may', 'serve', 'as', 'candidate', 'duals', 'to', 'threedimensional', 'gravity', 'at', 'the', 'corresponding', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'cosmological', 'constant', 'here', 'we', 'compute', 'the', 'genus', 'one', 'partition', 'function', 'of', 'these', 'theories', 'up', 'to', 'c88', 'we', 'give', 'exact', 'and', 'approximate', 'formulas', 'for', 'the', 'degeneracies', 'of', 'states', 'and', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'genus', 'two', 'partition', 'functions', 'of', 'the', 'theories', 'up', 'to', 'c40']] | [-0.125001702060842, 0.1485480322462061, -0.06188610248753558, 0.1177079628130583, -0.05216349565282302, -0.17619341427217358, -0.002566995042497697, 0.322385329655979, -0.17615016089833302, -0.3183254341230444, 0.09707749689240819, -0.29862619333941004, -0.11932510567788521, 0.15288951301987727, -0.031137754781166618, 0.04857972032585404, -0.0501441758207005, 0.037367219238987434, -0.13912393394553954, -0.2942205527230449, 0.34394599894952516, 0.001950244451670543, 0.1876865440696154, 0.0737320865423459, 0.07227601579734651, -0.055755730127186875, 0.0334579495885207, 0.025883010321337243, -0.2015174373831858, 0.12826272328536067, 0.29640311463938457, 0.08270918660513733, 0.1298196837913407, -0.41305736685576644, -0.17592154806479812, 0.15099066428172037, 0.16128182925344647, 0.12360274565466882, -0.021826670914078538, -0.21273459463339786, 0.12128322056757854, -0.1724936821821915, -0.17985637722455938, -0.09686305339083723, 0.04642092362451165, -0.03970692099031547, -0.23196806097808093, 0.07414186415060059, 0.011403371288400629, -0.00619160077818062, -0.08162953364460365, -0.11307830778153047, -0.07802876618326358, 0.14670385350068302, 0.09832712182694155, 0.07348886307571893, 0.06699648080798595, -0.14485761938495156, -0.1405413425406036, 0.30125645733964834, -0.018801778154042752, -0.22334920849813067, 0.21229774321065, -0.17685814241109335, -0.15620372858627335, 0.09107087754502731, 0.10850455852063454, 0.17800296564869908, -0.0761286110981651, 0.1399113098949032, -0.03878003668202006, 0.10528616672786681, 0.14344565119270397, 0.05892093260165142, 0.31403707778081297, -0.008440999540945758, 0.051897377004522995, 0.15062179293220296, -0.03291610082834149, -0.09230721545932086, -0.3848664293146652, -0.1755829545122612, -0.13119370449921522, 0.12276341029614939, -0.1440677208496946, -0.19615696877565073, 0.3604278039187193, 0.1340487741197095, 0.1534168773383894, 0.11579505555007769, 0.14016886334461362, 0.11281227413767382, 0.1110257567210204, 0.10128596459069977, 0.2428395610484902, 0.1491836849377369, 0.008379740907770137, -0.1933607776193758, -0.11242279637119044, 0.1675726859708843] |
708.3387 | The Impact of Noise Correlation and Channel Phase Information on the
Data-Rate of the Single-Symbol ML Decodable Distributed STBCs | Very recently, we proposed the row-monomial distributed orthogonal space-time
block codes (DOSTBCs) and showed that the row-monomial DOSTBCs achieved
approximately twice higher bandwidth efficiency than the repetitionbased
cooperative strategy [1]. However, we imposed two limitations on the
row-monomial DOSTBCs. The first one was that the associated matrices of the
codes must be row-monomial. The other was the assumption that the relays did
not have any channel state information (CSI) of the channels from the source to
the relays, although this CSI could be readily obtained at the relays without
any additional pilot signals or any feedback overhead. In this paper, we first
remove the row-monomial limitation; but keep the CSI limitation. In this case,
we derive an upper bound of the data-rate of the DOSTBC and it is larger than
that of the row-monomial DOSTBCs in [1]. Secondly, we abandon the CSI
limitation; but keep the row-monomial limitation. Specifically, we propose the
row-monomial DOSTBCs with channel phase information (DOSTBCs-CPI) and derive an
upper bound of the data-rate of those codes. The rowmonomial DOSTBCs-CPI have
higher data-rate than the DOSTBCs and the row-monomial DOSTBCs. Furthermore, we
find the actual row-monomial DOSTBCs-CPI which achieve the upper bound of the
data-rate.
| cs.IT math.IT | very recently we proposed the rowmonomial distributed orthogonal spacetime block codes dostbcs and showed that the rowmonomial dostbcs achieved approximately twice higher bandwidth efficiency than the repetitionbased cooperative strategy 1 however we imposed two limitations on the rowmonomial dostbcs the first one was that the associated matrices of the codes must be rowmonomial the other was the assumption that the relays did not have any channel state information csi of the channels from the source to the relays although this csi could be readily obtained at the relays without any additional pilot signals or any feedback overhead in this paper we first remove the rowmonomial limitation but keep the csi limitation in this case we derive an upper bound of the datarate of the dostbc and it is larger than that of the rowmonomial dostbcs in 1 secondly we abandon the csi limitation but keep the rowmonomial limitation specifically we propose the rowmonomial dostbcs with channel phase information dostbcscpi and derive an upper bound of the datarate of those codes the rowmonomial dostbcscpi have higher datarate than the dostbcs and the rowmonomial dostbcs furthermore we find the actual rowmonomial dostbcscpi which achieve the upper bound of the datarate | [['very', 'recently', 'we', 'proposed', 'the', 'rowmonomial', 'distributed', 'orthogonal', 'spacetime', 'block', 'codes', 'dostbcs', 'and', 'showed', 'that', 'the', 'rowmonomial', 'dostbcs', 'achieved', 'approximately', 'twice', 'higher', 'bandwidth', 'efficiency', 'than', 'the', 'repetitionbased', 'cooperative', 'strategy', '1', 'however', 'we', 'imposed', 'two', 'limitations', 'on', 'the', 'rowmonomial', 'dostbcs', 'the', 'first', 'one', 'was', 'that', 'the', 'associated', 'matrices', 'of', 'the', 'codes', 'must', 'be', 'rowmonomial', 'the', 'other', 'was', 'the', 'assumption', 'that', 'the', 'relays', 'did', 'not', 'have', 'any', 'channel', 'state', 'information', 'csi', 'of', 'the', 'channels', 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708.3388 | The Early Evolution of Massive Stars: Radio Recombination Line Spectra | Velocity shifts and differential broadening of radio recombination lines are
used to estimate the densities and velocities of the ionized gas in several
hypercompact and ultracompact HII regions. These small HII regions are thought
to be at their earliest evolutionary phase and associated with the youngest
massive stars. The observations suggest that these HII regions are
characterized by high densities, supersonic flows and steep density gradients,
consistent with accretion and outflows that would be associated with the
formation of massive stars.
| astro-ph | velocity shifts and differential broadening of radio recombination lines are used to estimate the densities and velocities of the ionized gas in several hypercompact and ultracompact hii regions these small hii regions are thought to be at their earliest evolutionary phase and associated with the youngest massive stars the observations suggest that these hii regions are characterized by high densities supersonic flows and steep density gradients consistent with accretion and outflows that would be associated with the formation of massive stars | [['velocity', 'shifts', 'and', 'differential', 'broadening', 'of', 'radio', 'recombination', 'lines', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'estimate', 'the', 'densities', 'and', 'velocities', 'of', 'the', 'ionized', 'gas', 'in', 'several', 'hypercompact', 'and', 'ultracompact', 'hii', 'regions', 'these', 'small', 'hii', 'regions', 'are', 'thought', 'to', 'be', 'at', 'their', 'earliest', 'evolutionary', 'phase', 'and', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'youngest', 'massive', 'stars', 'the', 'observations', 'suggest', 'that', 'these', 'hii', 'regions', 'are', 'characterized', 'by', 'high', 'densities', 'supersonic', 'flows', 'and', 'steep', 'density', 'gradients', 'consistent', 'with', 'accretion', 'and', 'outflows', 'that', 'would', 'be', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'massive', 'stars']] | [-0.06536896827553089, 0.2030305993961699, -0.010325677721634691, 0.09007686883625057, -0.08026722382774208, -0.045626484628703536, -0.0014751073703123832, 0.4706499819862254, -0.13826575978762573, -0.3214995029301923, 0.07301053939312467, -0.25756961355606717, 0.014454331423621625, 0.15381690722970684, -0.01721407358109215, -0.06089253651185168, 0.035423182525936465, -0.12443803660111663, -0.020063193278519412, -0.19876353093135504, 0.35562342839936417, 0.05803969741603474, 0.13464132565315123, -0.05115892570235847, 0.03431970911548921, -0.298780673833127, -0.09617709519088637, 0.02879892009091966, -0.1584597044391917, 0.1015763316464461, 0.278036181608008, 0.10986094079037875, 0.20807179148642369, -0.3870482832469322, -0.27215716519887434, 0.04189865107153669, 0.27376398174839534, 0.03610784993909391, -0.08086152815254244, -0.3298953178419191, 0.0700167497515069, -0.172231771638272, -0.1973660174285832, 0.05373005071126016, 0.04956324813588534, 0.09984885280905867, -0.24701748334768195, 0.20807004462709122, -0.07323543294505389, 0.027450535825833126, -0.1176985137934946, -0.09530220866594234, -0.1115653609259077, 0.07308983034454286, -0.0018618541689198694, 0.0362674084055111, 0.2408837371938402, -0.16271739546209574, -0.020767490299027642, 0.3644689392057006, -0.04008894186053011, -9.603301684061687e-05, 0.3225319228698442, -0.2752364943160411, -0.18087564350715207, 0.2682416763754539, 0.14171016105899104, 0.14847690198156568, -0.09058973642158104, -0.08005612236476377, 0.04231616466185423, 0.10325361969938249, 0.06887094609232412, 0.1137877798633489, 0.3687601292183922, 0.021515427257888662, 0.034774188987082906, 0.08127332358106534, -0.23185681520794507, -0.08057419437179227, -0.24359305844143506, -0.10740063349819845, -0.07611983356548956, 0.013334108433214786, -0.16138275357338394, -0.13364708906522504, 0.24408411469172547, 0.06870502530005013, 0.2461204616881815, -0.01740627816337862, 0.296862975763226, 0.13031084758494002, 0.11740171016814809, 0.23099599438317028, 0.2655253099208629, 0.24472410754116689, 0.088914142254694, -0.2762715376706587, 0.11017697284366061, -0.009326484034205844] |
708.3389 | On the almost sure spiraling of geodesics in negatively curved manifolds | Given a negatively curved geodesic metric space $M$, we study the statistical
asymptotic penetration behavior of (locally) geodesic lines of $M$ in small
neighborhoods of points, of closed geodesics, and of other compact (locally)
convex subsets of $M$. We prove Khintchine-type and logarithme law-type results
for the spiraling of geodesic lines around these objets. As a consequence in
the tree setting, we obtain Diophantine approximation results of elements of
non-archimedian local fields by quadratic irrational ones.
| math.DG math.DS | given a negatively curved geodesic metric space m we study the statistical asymptotic penetration behavior of locally geodesic lines of m in small neighborhoods of points of closed geodesics and of other compact locally convex subsets of m we prove khintchinetype and logarithme lawtype results for the spiraling of geodesic lines around these objets as a consequence in the tree setting we obtain diophantine approximation results of elements of nonarchimedian local fields by quadratic irrational ones | [['given', 'a', 'negatively', 'curved', 'geodesic', 'metric', 'space', 'm', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'statistical', 'asymptotic', 'penetration', 'behavior', 'of', 'locally', 'geodesic', 'lines', 'of', 'm', 'in', 'small', 'neighborhoods', 'of', 'points', 'of', 'closed', 'geodesics', 'and', 'of', 'other', 'compact', 'locally', 'convex', 'subsets', 'of', 'm', 'we', 'prove', 'khintchinetype', 'and', 'logarithme', 'lawtype', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'spiraling', 'of', 'geodesic', 'lines', 'around', 'these', 'objets', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'in', 'the', 'tree', 'setting', 'we', 'obtain', 'diophantine', 'approximation', 'results', 'of', 'elements', 'of', 'nonarchimedian', 'local', 'fields', 'by', 'quadratic', 'irrational', 'ones']] | [-0.2415081751346588, 0.10904428656833867, -0.07139917019754648, 0.08185982649525006, -0.07851160780837138, -0.08829065930098295, 0.07255387078349788, 0.3430729629099369, -0.2676669491579135, -0.22071660067575674, 0.05097014336846769, -0.3117041558648149, -0.11600682953372597, 0.21629308766685426, -0.10736076307793459, 0.0400227715075016, 0.060829319339245555, 0.07680007476359606, -0.059089052093525725, -0.2670419616997242, 0.4072378832598527, -0.042728210588296255, 0.20359955394019683, 0.004493413443366686, 0.1084369625709951, 0.015395321858425935, -0.013769421180089315, 0.12375216511970696, -0.177090115416795, 0.138448496821026, 0.24825339771807195, 0.11068755749302606, 0.21696786311765512, -0.38792402784029645, -0.16780623652040957, 0.15553777064507207, 0.15965135609420636, -0.0023699793840448063, -0.01874988222261891, -0.2945269692565004, 0.12367824447806924, -0.034462852602203685, -0.23103968101864059, -0.07275155850996574, 0.06593329605956873, 0.07549242915585637, -0.1996264444788297, 0.011510922523836295, 0.15333179198981572, 0.11653681445866823, -0.10666720112785696, -0.08351384631047647, -0.009632517009352644, 0.08198725087102503, 0.061000074027106166, 0.05135740903827051, 0.11955224833761652, -0.026321428352966903, -0.0833617119739453, 0.37405907578766345, -0.12214354696741793, -0.2379860864362369, 0.11825308438390493, -0.21827248447264233, -0.11389461136112611, 0.1292685762171944, 0.19627096708863973, 0.22086624473333358, -0.08164593490461508, 0.1901445225610708, -0.1016990905503432, 0.022103306526939075, 0.12758389210949342, 0.019786797743290663, 0.16104123591134945, 0.049627261608839034, 0.14990235681956013, 0.130707694729014, -0.03400430243462324, -0.05883618435201546, -0.3352047768731912, -0.19554329086095096, -0.12890639760919537, 0.12947148613476506, -0.19976968428702094, -0.2546047032112256, 0.3229216912202537, -0.013369161933660507, 0.21573380736013253, 0.11335119990011057, 0.19882219488422076, 0.04217329833190888, -0.017141286885986727, 0.16135655830614268, 0.14651131773367523, 0.16033155378264685, -0.015834466641147932, -0.15543024574096004, -0.04128634953871369, 0.16956284863253435] |
708.339 | On the symmetric subscheme of Hilbert scheme of points | We consider the Hilbert scheme Hilb^{d+1}(C^d) of (d+1) points in affine
d-space C^d (d > 2), which includes the square of any maximal ideal. We
describe equations for the most symmetric affine open subscheme of
Hilb^{d+1}(C^d), in terms of Schur modules. In addition we prove that
Hilb^{d+1}(C^d) is reducible for n>d>11.
| math.AG math.AC math.CO | we consider the hilbert scheme hilbd1cd of d1 points in affine dspace cd d 2 which includes the square of any maximal ideal we describe equations for the most symmetric affine open subscheme of hilbd1cd in terms of schur modules in addition we prove that hilbd1cd is reducible for nd11 | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'hilbert', 'scheme', 'hilbd1cd', 'of', 'd1', 'points', 'in', 'affine', 'dspace', 'cd', 'd', '2', 'which', 'includes', 'the', 'square', 'of', 'any', 'maximal', 'ideal', 'we', 'describe', 'equations', 'for', 'the', 'most', 'symmetric', 'affine', 'open', 'subscheme', 'of', 'hilbd1cd', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'schur', 'modules', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'hilbd1cd', 'is', 'reducible', 'for', 'nd11']] | [-0.19720265432736095, 0.05256090463348189, -0.001713076796458692, -0.0004416299313877006, -0.009269759344051078, -0.19554618666214602, -0.03495894020841438, 0.31559914425585645, -0.29210176006463184, -0.08168239538006637, 0.1165059640248097, -0.22422625679446725, -0.15817763903463372, 0.1778528244348661, -0.13639956859073468, -0.011062510546810013, 0.01578540389178967, 0.07397630164513783, -0.11284081447793513, -0.33539196541437843, 0.3819583098651195, -0.09058309232397956, 0.18648374987271976, 0.015199758549581985, 0.161562596029621, 0.04916896434424787, -0.04724202185337033, -0.01593795244829083, -0.15727428423448073, 0.11337807078427654, 0.3431349859705993, 0.113748426772464, 0.1956975204033815, -0.3364770326155181, -0.1055803893856248, 0.22169015605990983, 0.1993928523734212, 0.03865423618711303, 0.02717941689152955, -0.182555183103042, 0.09237105500580249, -0.15340324687030243, -0.23267827815927414, -0.03185381789748766, 0.08590100366356117, 0.02064586309145908, -0.27869107276771443, 0.01530365195667029, 0.1222041439531105, 0.12190263774436043, -0.08056749335528181, -0.1382449879406058, -0.012276203124498834, 0.020096635445952415, -0.12580377796940428, 0.05621572693201656, 0.03850860177178164, -0.08487770590475019, -0.14722668084943172, 0.39016200062267636, -0.05034614833219129, -0.2649517894095304, 0.1021523616295688, -0.18680762912013701, -0.13463454851310472, 0.11591020292051289, 0.1105609361892471, 0.09935075568263324, -0.05224971632872309, 0.2649078043747921, -0.14718668105802973, 0.050726166522434474, 0.08207099490837023, 0.03812169776849297, 0.07267069672139323, 0.08346534337924451, 0.10545453908188003, 0.17089568291391646, -0.023304712530985778, -0.06739472362155817, -0.39837707951664925, -0.24233961922629754, -0.11175847953964708, 0.10346452840508855, -0.12858229994830883, -0.17969885362046106, 0.37572032804100486, 0.07600708427477856, 0.15182177686341564, 0.05883058784196952, 0.1726867200388592, 0.0653976394167664, 0.0398700249628449, 0.12233014871385328, 0.1500810571204947, 0.13540837324547525, -0.08111694244173717, -0.17199524569002037, -0.03974732952382492, 0.21168381937456374] |
708.3391 | Scaling and universality of multipartite entanglement at criticality | Using the geometric entanglement measure, we study the scaling of
multipartite entanglement in several 1D models at criticality, specifically the
linear harmonic chain and the XY spin chain encompassing both the Ising and XX
critical models. Our results provide convincing evidence that 1D models at
criticality exhibit a universal logarithmic scaling behavior ~(c/12)log l in
the multipartite entanglement per region for a partition of the system into
regions of size l, where c is the central charge of the corresponding
universality class in conformal field theory.
| quant-ph cond-mat.other | using the geometric entanglement measure we study the scaling of multipartite entanglement in several 1d models at criticality specifically the linear harmonic chain and the xy spin chain encompassing both the ising and xx critical models our results provide convincing evidence that 1d models at criticality exhibit a universal logarithmic scaling behavior c12log l in the multipartite entanglement per region for a partition of the system into regions of size l where c is the central charge of the corresponding universality class in conformal field theory | [['using', 'the', 'geometric', 'entanglement', 'measure', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'scaling', 'of', 'multipartite', 'entanglement', 'in', 'several', '1d', 'models', 'at', 'criticality', 'specifically', 'the', 'linear', 'harmonic', 'chain', 'and', 'the', 'xy', 'spin', 'chain', 'encompassing', 'both', 'the', 'ising', 'and', 'xx', 'critical', 'models', 'our', 'results', 'provide', 'convincing', 'evidence', 'that', '1d', 'models', 'at', 'criticality', 'exhibit', 'a', 'universal', 'logarithmic', 'scaling', 'behavior', 'c12log', 'l', 'in', 'the', 'multipartite', 'entanglement', 'per', 'region', 'for', 'a', 'partition', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'into', 'regions', 'of', 'size', 'l', 'where', 'c', 'is', 'the', 'central', 'charge', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'universality', 'class', 'in', 'conformal', 'field', 'theory']] | [-0.14525925406967016, 0.14357548830619848, -0.05721405545276973, 0.08473815620630322, 0.050545947045526084, -0.23172495800125248, 0.018536563431638675, 0.30520998557262563, -0.2118031719151665, -0.22345548039850066, 0.06134846026817446, -0.3138037561932031, -0.09821492398486417, 0.16525452783440842, 0.07434652578873176, 0.09953255550388028, -0.026096889086286813, 0.05677624728893587, -0.08656710144954131, -0.18956236485391856, 0.3074921673191163, 0.007046129872255466, 0.3013385248644387, 0.061197078601895445, 0.038526646946282946, -0.012569171203957761, 0.06821786090183785, 0.03802568776642575, -0.19285945838414859, 0.08039772649679114, 0.21870963054136475, 0.0541453254135216, 0.20773569994301344, -0.35983124839908937, -0.22701210913741413, 0.12590552676907357, 0.13824572539066568, 0.1272167720284094, 0.012547971113749288, -0.266069821117665, 0.022385424165900877, -0.17198756712981883, -0.14089405178366338, -0.05779121817801805, 0.05551424724296393, -0.021941757919814658, -0.2605587604948703, 0.13192439136259695, 0.14566048582851449, 0.125538621766164, 0.0032828986959751037, -0.03912817363435512, -0.05486629732117495, 0.1283884771332583, -0.028416229666703763, 0.04193157477797393, 0.11098396325593486, -0.1660689789144432, -0.15258762947256294, 0.31728884310406796, -0.051795209831941656, -0.1835901726037264, 0.2082811540321392, -0.21696024633505764, -0.1901565271347542, 0.07703065975185702, 0.146682032720898, 0.061767827955019824, -0.10721682544578524, 0.1324913461733719, -0.06823036265285576, 0.16659066171987968, -0.04303713851772687, 0.0711991837796043, 0.25861479434568213, 0.13049932893858673, 0.038213066219845236, 0.2525938173016424, -0.08548633824376499, -0.19919412903049413, -0.3462919327704346, -0.1927390790106181, -0.23589274605517002, 0.07033836267450276, -0.18051431620568859, -0.15525790272171006, 0.4421369410832139, 0.14603305135646866, 0.2020245298359762, 0.10817394994801896, 0.16964779391008264, 0.11019472470643984, 0.06723294690634836, 0.09236783848198897, 0.18870173834319062, 0.15514095414649037, 0.08072825576425256, -0.2686538023600245, -0.011182528750642257, 0.10470395575770561] |
708.3392 | Fluctuations in 21cm Emission After Reionization | The fluctuations in the emission of redshifted 21cm photons from neutral
inter-galactic hydrogen will provide an unprecedented probe of the reionization
era. Conventional wisdom assumes that this 21cm signal disappears as soon as
reionization is complete, when little atomic hydrogen is left through most of
the volume of the inter-galactic medium (IGM). However observations of damped
Ly-alpha absorbers indicate that the fraction of hydrogen in its neutral form
is significant by mass at all redshifts. Here we use a physically-motivated
model to show that residual neutral gas, confined to dense regions in the IGM
with a high recombination rate, will generate a significant post-reionization
21cm signal. We show that the power-spectrum of fluctuations in this signal
will be detectable by the first generation of low-frequency observatories at a
signal-to-noise that is comparable to that achievable in observations of the
reionization era. The statistics of 21cm fluctuations will therefore probe not
only the pre-reionization IGM, but rather the entire process of HII region
overlap, as well as the appearance of the diffuse ionized IGM.
| astro-ph | the fluctuations in the emission of redshifted 21cm photons from neutral intergalactic hydrogen will provide an unprecedented probe of the reionization era conventional wisdom assumes that this 21cm signal disappears as soon as reionization is complete when little atomic hydrogen is left through most of the volume of the intergalactic medium igm however observations of damped lyalpha absorbers indicate that the fraction of hydrogen in its neutral form is significant by mass at all redshifts here we use a physicallymotivated model to show that residual neutral gas confined to dense regions in the igm with a high recombination rate will generate a significant postreionization 21cm signal we show that the powerspectrum of fluctuations in this signal will be detectable by the first generation of lowfrequency observatories at a signaltonoise that is comparable to that achievable in observations of the reionization era the statistics of 21cm fluctuations will therefore probe not only the prereionization igm but rather the entire process of hii region overlap as well as the appearance of the diffuse ionized igm | [['the', 'fluctuations', 'in', 'the', 'emission', 'of', 'redshifted', '21cm', 'photons', 'from', 'neutral', 'intergalactic', 'hydrogen', 'will', 'provide', 'an', 'unprecedented', 'probe', 'of', 'the', 'reionization', 'era', 'conventional', 'wisdom', 'assumes', 'that', 'this', '21cm', 'signal', 'disappears', 'as', 'soon', 'as', 'reionization', 'is', 'complete', 'when', 'little', 'atomic', 'hydrogen', 'is', 'left', 'through', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'volume', 'of', 'the', 'intergalactic', 'medium', 'igm', 'however', 'observations', 'of', 'damped', 'lyalpha', 'absorbers', 'indicate', 'that', 'the', 'fraction', 'of', 'hydrogen', 'in', 'its', 'neutral', 'form', 'is', 'significant', 'by', 'mass', 'at', 'all', 'redshifts', 'here', 'we', 'use', 'a', 'physicallymotivated', 'model', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'residual', 'neutral', 'gas', 'confined', 'to', 'dense', 'regions', 'in', 'the', 'igm', 'with', 'a', 'high', 'recombination', 'rate', 'will', 'generate', 'a', 'significant', 'postreionization', '21cm', 'signal', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'powerspectrum', 'of', 'fluctuations', 'in', 'this', 'signal', 'will', 'be', 'detectable', 'by', 'the', 'first', 'generation', 'of', 'lowfrequency', 'observatories', 'at', 'a', 'signaltonoise', 'that', 'is', 'comparable', 'to', 'that', 'achievable', 'in', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'reionization', 'era', 'the', 'statistics', 'of', '21cm', 'fluctuations', 'will', 'therefore', 'probe', 'not', 'only', 'the', 'prereionization', 'igm', 'but', 'rather', 'the', 'entire', 'process', 'of', 'hii', 'region', 'overlap', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'appearance', 'of', 'the', 'diffuse', 'ionized', 'igm']] | [-0.05070229528527007, 0.18172122579079047, -0.008550607249927488, 0.07501649455814577, -0.05337452974218897, -0.04614145247295305, 0.018138208345784616, 0.40971342056472865, -0.20099320062745707, -0.24397373223149707, 0.052960059123054536, -0.33072418142433113, -0.047984815125940425, 0.14753000692308293, 0.07568139703577584, -0.06127915914120648, 0.023318164255147034, -0.09272318804549791, -0.004814201056811894, -0.27030824400037745, 0.28115016845394075, 0.18878829044779774, 0.2202832538734131, 0.04598543157725665, 0.0922760960532923, -0.1221996169467322, -0.10281397835109275, -0.0125481274962759, -0.11719207538181116, 0.023536644429183764, 0.2683664012883354, 0.18605092290805375, 0.248577620758745, -0.3952660151364314, -0.26478072140914943, 0.1397401481352725, 0.23663987085826135, 0.15347758414374524, -0.07431225022677913, -0.2963665647141506, 0.020205749403362328, -0.15222452213244803, -0.1189334957760818, 0.03612726996249029, -0.0019176911234295782, -0.0009637129923054206, -0.22678776450436347, 0.15156517856393678, -0.009153556657384413, 0.006518631074658321, -0.02247336385515922, -0.03714200529490928, -0.056509197760922454, 0.06584539799362212, -0.02240296555605631, 0.03758513360725705, 0.24329883510460862, -0.23111763203279734, 0.02866134134718793, 0.4227049969179782, -0.18100913035591817, 0.004322426748930374, 0.15697480680291795, -0.28739318440027667, -0.1776190594866915, 0.24226146067541116, 0.16259213186520544, 0.024325036906739535, -0.11998508250076025, 0.03977487950297772, -0.03457374918689101, 0.24631868897280468, 0.03382509372148641, 0.09470342856568063, 0.3194851699107558, 0.11141217845448997, 0.0914989340312865, 0.07840672663629669, -0.15304670064047926, 0.04006947718313061, -0.26853812930414406, -0.13885563185756133, -0.17379357959776362, 0.12845119017028625, -0.09009565988211016, -0.14540018007627586, 0.3365793658859188, 0.2112424298959402, 0.23410890143730737, 0.019849157287211646, 0.39954134301858485, 0.08995756658125195, 0.031037997134094466, 0.052080599962588334, 0.32396833100652245, 0.1544326601167764, 0.10740130557476764, -0.19791764453574315, 0.09581220540826375, -0.036094887533381234] |
708.3393 | A prediction for bubbling geometries | We study the supersymmetric circular Wilson loops in N=4 Yang-Mills theory.
Their vacuum expectation values are computed in the parameter region that
admits smooth bubbling geometry duals. The results are a prediction for the
supergravity action evaluated on the bubbling geometries for Wilson loops.
| hep-th | we study the supersymmetric circular wilson loops in n4 yangmills theory their vacuum expectation values are computed in the parameter region that admits smooth bubbling geometry duals the results are a prediction for the supergravity action evaluated on the bubbling geometries for wilson loops | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'supersymmetric', 'circular', 'wilson', 'loops', 'in', 'n4', 'yangmills', 'theory', 'their', 'vacuum', 'expectation', 'values', 'are', 'computed', 'in', 'the', 'parameter', 'region', 'that', 'admits', 'smooth', 'bubbling', 'geometry', 'duals', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'a', 'prediction', 'for', 'the', 'supergravity', 'action', 'evaluated', 'on', 'the', 'bubbling', 'geometries', 'for', 'wilson', 'loops']] | [-0.16572108217620884, 0.18995420563839038, -0.025577915213282475, 0.13307572647251867, -0.02195073122327978, -0.15350514695852657, -0.04436552367141386, 0.4102764917347072, -0.04303968704400838, -0.18965564037419178, 0.13830004900228232, -0.29012831554494123, -0.16190374469045887, 0.14240050897933543, -0.08483556491410127, 0.0929537686094012, 0.06007630902935158, 0.057515822985971514, -0.13481830140385268, -0.2376392006196759, 0.3021871294477023, -0.034739361705512485, 0.25873324469747866, 0.08490139395210215, 0.08544753453249788, -0.04811563910069791, 0.028941032476723194, 0.08908310350538655, -0.1381749723337138, 0.14312330550852825, 0.22043526939920743, 0.05786345288453793, 0.05546973415237682, -0.41137775910002267, -0.25300090006467973, 0.05847251728515734, 0.16997553105466068, 0.10093288581860675, 0.05628986858540553, -0.24472124574028634, 0.053402660372243685, -0.09232279766266319, -0.19643047689036888, -0.10334253065626729, -0.004102656088600104, -0.16918997585625303, -0.2884102457795631, 0.013173601431348785, -0.08240467836995694, 0.03827583110383288, -0.07005218700082465, -0.0673179377336055, -0.09794722603295337, 0.11789840634446591, 0.13128778552213174, 0.04567961649180771, 0.1789209604877132, -0.23532955467023634, -0.2084958757781847, 0.298780900680206, -0.08193377536636862, -0.23863969057459722, 0.06916893121193755, -0.2194740531796759, -0.16490892568518492, 0.13885056917041022, 0.1193376585142687, 0.2701701791533692, -0.08066345039035448, 0.26611888683824375, -0.10774980461097915, 0.054999016431710596, 0.1760950958440927, -0.02689361503474753, 0.26204694218044594, 0.044039511269974435, 0.0015815857107306576, 0.1699549378668466, 0.001482721529266035, -0.20443906846181067, -0.47065203289755364, -0.08479380163110116, -0.03333668317645788, 0.05970684252679348, -0.22065007635815578, -0.24904592631554062, 0.35280056355986744, 0.06121837440878153, 0.2115658057366752, 0.10476620848798616, 0.17545959099449895, 0.11649051056751474, 0.05909785843687132, 0.07962197628380223, 0.2880155209621245, 0.16302819685502487, 0.0977299072123556, -0.3091246007825248, -0.16582913004623895, 0.332081556299024] |
708.3394 | General marginal deformations in open superstring field theory | We construct analytic solutions of open superstring field theory for any
exactly marginal deformation in any boundary superconformal field theory when
properly renormalized operator products of the marginal operator are given. Our
construction is an extension of the general framework for marginal deformations
developed in arXiv:0707.4472 for open bosonic string field theory, and the
solutions are based on integrated vertex operators which are closely related to
finite deformations in boundary superconformal field theory.
| hep-th | we construct analytic solutions of open superstring field theory for any exactly marginal deformation in any boundary superconformal field theory when properly renormalized operator products of the marginal operator are given our construction is an extension of the general framework for marginal deformations developed in arxiv07074472 for open bosonic string field theory and the solutions are based on integrated vertex operators which are closely related to finite deformations in boundary superconformal field theory | [['we', 'construct', 'analytic', 'solutions', 'of', 'open', 'superstring', 'field', 'theory', 'for', 'any', 'exactly', 'marginal', 'deformation', 'in', 'any', 'boundary', 'superconformal', 'field', 'theory', 'when', 'properly', 'renormalized', 'operator', 'products', 'of', 'the', 'marginal', 'operator', 'are', 'given', 'our', 'construction', 'is', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'general', 'framework', 'for', 'marginal', 'deformations', 'developed', 'in', 'arxiv07074472', 'for', 'open', 'bosonic', 'string', 'field', 'theory', 'and', 'the', 'solutions', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'integrated', 'vertex', 'operators', 'which', 'are', 'closely', 'related', 'to', 'finite', 'deformations', 'in', 'boundary', 'superconformal', 'field', 'theory']] | [-0.10403216484780997, 0.14608101471034612, -0.07088508392019957, 0.1007527302877263, -0.07908530270821121, -0.1598853086797546, -0.06253545642639063, 0.33280188227965407, -0.22583243465178635, -0.19480728855586216, 0.12988124375569646, -0.2760890546726854, -0.1959449181920045, 0.1313014804092172, -0.09469453390521852, 0.09030118769621603, 0.019262784581682454, 0.09598011330841746, -0.08308199176896516, -0.2550154174869395, 0.37735518151001163, -0.03414209548077763, 0.2745696805953367, 0.0699440221978377, 0.08228534458154073, 0.052968465665687026, -0.0011382809431891734, 0.04337155892296809, -0.1427963675918338, 0.17952638097770818, 0.2978565082566379, 0.08073384202506444, 0.14959698286519885, -0.4708353656229295, -0.2132165668726012, 0.05574297412515503, 0.1427544891189988, 0.13605121786431856, 0.006212885062567481, -0.25927449656931095, 0.07267272267618204, -0.16968305656456784, -0.2092590930501688, -0.08449951640955389, 0.041982047470312006, -0.0613252903041366, -0.28918569062657856, 0.03402465111767388, -0.0033813830471457274, 0.09594897664317938, -0.1426180724871077, -0.0610676521470464, -0.02258106456010615, 0.060966822151684724, 0.04820059253579031, 0.10019129130523652, 0.11311244882949412, -0.1844462404308254, -0.13686892531863223, 0.27707885070512556, -0.05526804798346472, -0.29155018918012104, 0.0913499456237083, -0.12201118781805446, -0.1707043002538179, 0.07754005698410615, 0.08930616825819016, 0.16092294683577876, -0.17168541117160652, 0.28963626349545785, -0.01455577452386385, 0.08620401406469308, 0.056857272441983735, 0.005741087309155001, 0.2112350216109867, 0.041237773281228664, 0.09750598128757453, 0.1331485355438741, 0.05495699694418438, -0.18440329944332168, -0.44953728395782105, -0.12992390971479312, -0.11671839500713634, 0.08283722107234882, -0.14200453349203349, -0.2874275157610848, 0.38049787675885305, 0.1291996115078665, 0.12974587301021978, 0.06425756958715158, 0.157768539025461, 0.21101617378865253, 0.08752114169478212, 0.09086292787544327, 0.1656145648903226, 0.21754051887825743, -0.011185576963838036, -0.19980200915278434, -0.12144193379208446, 0.21133741112553503] |
708.3395 | On the Conditions for Neutron-Rich Gamma-Ray Burst Outflows | We calculate the structure and neutron content of neutrino-heated MHD winds
driven from the surface of newly-formed magnetars (``proto-magnetars'') and
from the midplane of hyper-accreting disks, two of the possible central engines
for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and hyper-energetic supernovae (SNe). Both the
surface of proto-magnetars and the midplane of neutrino-cooled accretion flows
(NDAFs) are electron degenerate and neutron-rich (neutron-to-proton ratio n/p
>> 1). If this substantial free neutron excess is preserved to large radii in
ultra-relativistic outflows, several important observational consequences may
result. Weak interaction processes, however, can drive n/p to ~1 in the
nondegenerate regions that obtain just above the surfaces of NDAFs and
proto-magnetars. Our calculations show that mildly relativistic neutron-rich
outflows from NDAFs are possible in the presence of a strong poloidal magnetic
field. However, we find that neutron-rich winds possess a minimum mass-loss
rate that likely precludes simultaneously neutron-rich and ultra-relativistic
(Lorentz factor > 100) NDAF winds accompanying a substantial accretion power.
In contrast, proto-magnetars are capable of producing neutron-rich
long-duration GRB outflows ~10-30 seconds following core bounce for
sub-millisecond rotation periods; such outflows would, however, accompany only
extremely energetic events, in which the GRB + SN energy budget exceeds ~ 4e52
ergs. Neutron-rich highly relativistic outflows may also be produced during
some short-duration GRBs by geometrically thick accretion disks formed from
compact object mergers. The implications for r-process nucleosynthesis, optical
transients due to non-relativistic neutron-rich winds, and Nickel production in
proto-magnetar and NDAF winds are also briefly discussed.
| astro-ph | we calculate the structure and neutron content of neutrinoheated mhd winds driven from the surface of newlyformed magnetars protomagnetars and from the midplane of hyperaccreting disks two of the possible central engines for gammaray bursts grbs and hyperenergetic supernovae sne both the surface of protomagnetars and the midplane of neutrinocooled accretion flows ndafs are electron degenerate and neutronrich neutrontoproton ratio np 1 if this substantial free neutron excess is preserved to large radii in ultrarelativistic outflows several important observational consequences may result weak interaction processes however can drive np to 1 in the nondegenerate regions that obtain just above the surfaces of ndafs and protomagnetars our calculations show that mildly relativistic neutronrich outflows from ndafs are possible in the presence of a strong poloidal magnetic field however we find that neutronrich winds possess a minimum massloss rate that likely precludes simultaneously neutronrich and ultrarelativistic lorentz factor 100 ndaf winds accompanying a substantial accretion power in contrast protomagnetars are capable of producing neutronrich longduration grb outflows 1030 seconds following core bounce for submillisecond rotation periods such outflows would however accompany only extremely energetic events in which the grb sn energy budget exceeds 4e52 ergs neutronrich highly relativistic outflows may also be produced during some shortduration grbs by geometrically thick accretion disks formed from compact object mergers the implications for rprocess nucleosynthesis optical transients due to nonrelativistic neutronrich winds and nickel production in protomagnetar and ndaf winds are also briefly discussed | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'structure', 'and', 'neutron', 'content', 'of', 'neutrinoheated', 'mhd', 'winds', 'driven', 'from', 'the', 'surface', 'of', 'newlyformed', 'magnetars', 'protomagnetars', 'and', 'from', 'the', 'midplane', 'of', 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708.3396 | Optimal quantum adversary lower bounds for ordered search | The goal of the ordered search problem is to find a particular item in an
ordered list of n items. Using the adversary method, Hoyer, Neerbek, and Shi
proved a quantum lower bound for this problem of (1/pi) ln n + Theta(1). Here,
we find the exact value of the best possible quantum adversary lower bound for
a symmetrized version of ordered search (whose query complexity differs from
that of the original problem by at most 1). Thus we show that the best lower
bound for ordered search that can be proved by the adversary method is (1/pi)
ln n + O(1). Furthermore, we show that this remains true for the generalized
adversary method allowing negative weights.
| quant-ph | the goal of the ordered search problem is to find a particular item in an ordered list of n items using the adversary method hoyer neerbek and shi proved a quantum lower bound for this problem of 1pi ln n theta1 here we find the exact value of the best possible quantum adversary lower bound for a symmetrized version of ordered search whose query complexity differs from that of the original problem by at most 1 thus we show that the best lower bound for ordered search that can be proved by the adversary method is 1pi ln n o1 furthermore we show that this remains true for the generalized adversary method allowing negative weights | [['the', 'goal', 'of', 'the', 'ordered', 'search', 'problem', 'is', 'to', 'find', 'a', 'particular', 'item', 'in', 'an', 'ordered', 'list', 'of', 'n', 'items', 'using', 'the', 'adversary', 'method', 'hoyer', 'neerbek', 'and', 'shi', 'proved', 'a', 'quantum', 'lower', 'bound', 'for', 'this', 'problem', 'of', '1pi', 'ln', 'n', 'theta1', 'here', 'we', 'find', 'the', 'exact', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'best', 'possible', 'quantum', 'adversary', 'lower', 'bound', 'for', 'a', 'symmetrized', 'version', 'of', 'ordered', 'search', 'whose', 'query', 'complexity', 'differs', 'from', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'original', 'problem', 'by', 'at', 'most', '1', 'thus', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'best', 'lower', 'bound', 'for', 'ordered', 'search', 'that', 'can', 'be', 'proved', 'by', 'the', 'adversary', 'method', 'is', '1pi', 'ln', 'n', 'o1', 'furthermore', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'this', 'remains', 'true', 'for', 'the', 'generalized', 'adversary', 'method', 'allowing', 'negative', 'weights']] | [-0.09763543539794914, 0.1375506680282374, -0.06799895926215277, 0.07694115397814465, -0.06571522550330612, -0.20376584566557748, 0.14086704470907552, 0.319942227777159, -0.2750069677406971, -0.3533972882943457, 0.04642642617421332, -0.28629878557924376, -0.17454130596914247, 0.16703881298216353, -0.03882530779708503, 0.054714420758261294, 0.012240954879017775, 0.09341069978351395, -0.02817176520189254, -0.3432273266085407, 0.2703952138116093, 0.03349734869021759, 0.2103072955608041, 0.03440090794965886, 0.052732913705608155, 0.009334299946203828, 0.021321089154011326, 0.010743310887431889, -0.15390107539337405, 0.12491630984719418, 0.26815683873607205, 0.16433754721819832, 0.2661489685180417, -0.3395511490668644, -0.11421255526549526, 0.12963315692583197, 0.16501391810679547, 0.1331741659771324, -0.028931449878176575, -0.2652696092539516, 0.15634744673591564, -0.13941952584948586, -0.10235377892508711, -0.029303551586181448, 0.051923568932372224, -0.050755131732378354, -0.33395966377697495, 0.036495865829158244, 0.12580200622119664, -0.027026911715470385, -0.04658918421543939, -0.1502315101393482, 0.04899976082685355, 0.08815939613748669, 0.007014953331172205, 0.08726597773401361, 0.04355096492279125, -0.13897227256950972, -0.16660670569093017, 0.3229137963876782, -0.058419309090822935, -0.15200230149192767, 0.08818765187211204, -0.11961143436890684, -0.14982827361816084, 0.13449478596285508, 0.12522059174156502, 0.1883563708775399, -0.09335809578432848, 0.15950650970906982, -0.12665431866454974, 0.20725283477651446, 0.0905223609236265, 0.02954639496052997, 0.09590538084637701, 0.11979815398961746, 0.171040092077818, 0.18503631778743543, -0.025176393325652992, -0.05667507063787382, -0.28439678452712924, -0.1800271482845123, -0.26485435273539143, 0.05796948558111724, -0.13455597502820238, -0.14805879844189213, 0.3122780872018714, 0.17295191010149816, 0.19451557184781945, 0.1315351336655256, 0.26290033990721495, 0.11331759835184928, -0.022073975879098533, 0.16258930482721903, 0.1842856567614434, 0.03874656090333143, -0.0017132618568690592, -0.2032403595349343, 0.1372034799127856, 0.13155745308227906] |
708.3397 | Cosmology, Thermodynamics and Matter Creation | Several approaches to the matter creation problem in the context of
cosmological models are summarily reviewed. A covariant formulation of the
general relativistic imperfect simple fluid endowed with a process of matter
creation is presented. By considering the standard big bang model, it is shown
how the recent results of Prigogine et alii \cite{1} can be recovered and, at
the same time their limits of validity are explicited.
| astro-ph | several approaches to the matter creation problem in the context of cosmological models are summarily reviewed a covariant formulation of the general relativistic imperfect simple fluid endowed with a process of matter creation is presented by considering the standard big bang model it is shown how the recent results of prigogine et alii cite1 can be recovered and at the same time their limits of validity are explicited | [['several', 'approaches', 'to', 'the', 'matter', 'creation', 'problem', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'cosmological', 'models', 'are', 'summarily', 'reviewed', 'a', 'covariant', 'formulation', 'of', 'the', 'general', 'relativistic', 'imperfect', 'simple', 'fluid', 'endowed', 'with', 'a', 'process', 'of', 'matter', 'creation', 'is', 'presented', 'by', 'considering', 'the', 'standard', 'big', 'bang', 'model', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'how', 'the', 'recent', 'results', 'of', 'prigogine', 'et', 'alii', 'cite1', 'can', 'be', 'recovered', 'and', 'at', 'the', 'same', 'time', 'their', 'limits', 'of', 'validity', 'are', 'explicited']] | [-0.09132396205164053, 0.11578072306891794, -0.10205407861469533, 0.08943796353102751, -0.07086864713688984, -0.11957625898203868, -0.04233016511288417, 0.3068618426537689, -0.24979373612715042, -0.30564440199283555, 0.07899305881651611, -0.2563257771475679, -0.095759964611395, 0.18702387280063704, -0.07860100014573511, 0.05376205546781421, 0.036411897751831394, 0.031340719529372806, -0.05146120543427327, -0.30104954461977984, 0.32172175260219615, 0.11067923432325616, 0.2639721015824334, 0.051418416537618375, 0.08458389511660618, -0.03268400200656341, -0.07066485555568601, 0.06222936453516869, -0.1300794889924445, 0.08628765600288342, 0.19805672506165994, 0.15904291568543105, 0.23691299196113558, -0.4358509900596212, -0.28409671058933084, 0.08240641869248494, 0.09809987696216386, 0.156107379216016, -0.05525215681614902, -0.3293223395286238, 0.08277690288720324, -0.20976302202325314, -0.1265711630215211, -0.04479767577996587, -0.002525659908047494, -0.01706437676158898, -0.21974306753562653, 0.11926669050829813, 0.042492125577101594, -0.04379797646063654, -0.056872673442258555, -0.08462937448605183, 0.0013701881432686659, 0.028116001199711773, 0.053848842985376795, 0.007363263010869131, 0.11960000455762972, -0.12668201090384493, -0.13485785669592373, 0.43545359690838, -0.06124335410319926, -0.18994778378263993, 0.18438846376888893, -0.10936850809957832, -0.13068450632614687, 0.05855549499050111, 0.09550835999406819, 0.13296945571132443, -0.16310220174765325, 0.16487996244498337, -0.04115839640829055, 0.07172886684865636, 0.06818041952861034, -0.013449455463320619, 0.24488732707686722, 0.18610557301572578, -0.05201102487797685, 0.049784810571616295, 0.0036699148031937726, -0.14843546232099042, -0.339065025533166, -0.12444045428898842, -0.17114333407131627, 0.01513985634493806, -0.06896156608790453, -0.10675240313653109, 0.3257094471140162, 0.14480513439048082, 0.17698999145753025, 0.02648970827131587, 0.2917849442866795, 0.11767189063624862, -0.014406642886837396, 0.050452794003136014, 0.2716272532912519, 0.16875408294350458, 0.1276703044576981, -0.17829872162410004, 0.043770792666370704, 0.057778121876146865] |
708.3398 | Homological algebra of semimodules and semicontramodules: Semi-infinite
homological algebra of associative algebraic structures | We develop the basic constructions of homological algebra in the
(appropriately defined) unbounded derived categories of modules over algebras
over coalgebras over noncommutative rings (which we call semialgebras over
corings). We define double-sided derived functors SemiTor and SemiExt of the
functors of semitensor product and semihomomorphisms, and construct an
equivalence between the exotic derived categories of semimodules and
semicontramodules.
Certain (co)flatness and/or (co)projectivity conditions have to be imposed on
the coring and semialgebra to make the module categories abelian (and the
cotensor product associative). Besides, for a number of technical reasons we
mostly have to assume that the basic ring has a finite homological dimension
(no such assumptions about the coring and semialgebra are made).
In the final sections we construct model category structures on the
categories of complexes of semi(contra)modules, and develop relative
nonhomogeneous Koszul duality theory for filtered semialgebras and
quasi-differential corings.
Our motivating examples come from the semi-infinite cohomology theory.
Comparison with the semi-infinite (co)homology of Tate Lie algebras and graded
associative algebras is established in appendices, and the semi-infinite
homology of a locally compact topological group relative to an open profinite
subgroup is defined. An application to the correspondence between complexes of
representations of an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra on the complementary
central charge levels ($c$ and $26-c$ for the Virasoro) is worked out.
| math.CT math.RA math.RT | we develop the basic constructions of homological algebra in the appropriately defined unbounded derived categories of modules over algebras over coalgebras over noncommutative rings which we call semialgebras over corings we define doublesided derived functors semitor and semiext of the functors of semitensor product and semihomomorphisms and construct an equivalence between the exotic derived categories of semimodules and semicontramodules certain coflatness andor coprojectivity conditions have to be imposed on the coring and semialgebra to make the module categories abelian and the cotensor product associative besides for a number of technical reasons we mostly have to assume that the basic ring has a finite homological dimension no such assumptions about the coring and semialgebra are made in the final sections we construct model category structures on the categories of complexes of semicontramodules and develop relative nonhomogeneous koszul duality theory for filtered semialgebras and quasidifferential corings our motivating examples come from the semiinfinite cohomology theory comparison with the semiinfinite cohomology of tate lie algebras and graded associative algebras is established in appendices and the semiinfinite homology of a locally compact topological group relative to an open profinite subgroup is defined an application to the correspondence between complexes of representations of an infinitedimensional lie algebra on the complementary central charge levels c and 26c for the virasoro is worked out | [['we', 'develop', 'the', 'basic', 'constructions', 'of', 'homological', 'algebra', 'in', 'the', 'appropriately', 'defined', 'unbounded', 'derived', 'categories', 'of', 'modules', 'over', 'algebras', 'over', 'coalgebras', 'over', 'noncommutative', 'rings', 'which', 'we', 'call', 'semialgebras', 'over', 'corings', 'we', 'define', 'doublesided', 'derived', 'functors', 'semitor', 'and', 'semiext', 'of', 'the', 'functors', 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708.3399 | The depth of a knot tunnel | The theory of tunnel number 1 knots detailed in our previous paper, The tree
of knot tunnels, provides a non-negative integer invariant called the depth of
the tunnel. We give various results related to the depth invariant. Noting that
it equals the minimum number of Goda-Scharlemann-Thompson tunnel moves needed
to construct the tunnel, we calculate the number of distinct minimal sequences
of tunnel moves that can produce a given tunnel. Next, we give a recursion that
tells the minimum bridge number of a knot having a tunnel of depth D. The rate
of growth of this value improves the known estimates of the growth of bridge
number as a function of the Hempel distance of the associated Heegaard
splitting. We also give various upper bounds for bridge number in terms of the
cabling constructions needed to produce a tunnel of a knot, showing in
particular that the maximum bridge number of a knot produced by N cabling
constructions is the (N+2)nd Fibonacci number. Finally, we explicitly compute
the slope parameters for the "short" tunnels of torus knots. In particular, we
find a sequence of such tunnels for which the bridge numbers of the associated
knots, as a function of the depth, achieve the minimum growth rate. The actual
minimum bridge number at a given depth cannot be achieved by a torus knot.
| math.GT | the theory of tunnel number 1 knots detailed in our previous paper the tree of knot tunnels provides a nonnegative integer invariant called the depth of the tunnel we give various results related to the depth invariant noting that it equals the minimum number of godascharlemannthompson tunnel moves needed to construct the tunnel we calculate the number of distinct minimal sequences of tunnel moves that can produce a given tunnel next we give a recursion that tells the minimum bridge number of a knot having a tunnel of depth d the rate of growth of this value improves the known estimates of the growth of bridge number as a function of the hempel distance of the associated heegaard splitting we also give various upper bounds for bridge number in terms of the cabling constructions needed to produce a tunnel of a knot showing in particular that the maximum bridge number of a knot produced by n cabling constructions is the n2nd fibonacci number finally we explicitly compute the slope parameters for the short tunnels of torus knots in particular we find a sequence of such tunnels for which the bridge numbers of the associated knots as a function of the depth achieve the minimum growth rate the actual minimum bridge number at a given depth cannot be achieved by a torus knot | [['the', 'theory', 'of', 'tunnel', 'number', '1', 'knots', 'detailed', 'in', 'our', 'previous', 'paper', 'the', 'tree', 'of', 'knot', 'tunnels', 'provides', 'a', 'nonnegative', 'integer', 'invariant', 'called', 'the', 'depth', 'of', 'the', 'tunnel', 'we', 'give', 'various', 'results', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'depth', 'invariant', 'noting', 'that', 'it', 'equals', 'the', 'minimum', 'number', 'of', 'godascharlemannthompson', 'tunnel', 'moves', 'needed', 'to', 'construct', 'the', 'tunnel', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'distinct', 'minimal', 'sequences', 'of', 'tunnel', 'moves', 'that', 'can', 'produce', 'a', 'given', 'tunnel', 'next', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'recursion', 'that', 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708.34 | Limit distribution theory for maximum likelihood estimation of a
log-concave density | We find limiting distributions of the nonparametric maximum likelihood
estimator (MLE) of a log-concave density, that is, a density of the form
$f_0=\exp\varphi_0$ where $\varphi_0$ is a concave function on $\mathbb{R}$.
The pointwise limiting distributions depend on the second and third derivatives
at 0 of $H_k$, the "lower invelope" of an integrated Brownian motion process
minus a drift term depending on the number of vanishing derivatives of
$\varphi_0=\log f_0$ at the point of interest. We also establish the limiting
distribution of the resulting estimator of the mode $M(f_0)$ and establish a
new local asymptotic minimax lower bound which shows the optimality of our mode
estimator in terms of both rate of convergence and dependence of constants on
population values.
| math.ST stat.TH | we find limiting distributions of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator mle of a logconcave density that is a density of the form f_0expvarphi_0 where varphi_0 is a concave function on mathbbr the pointwise limiting distributions depend on the second and third derivatives at 0 of h_k the lower invelope of an integrated brownian motion process minus a drift term depending on the number of vanishing derivatives of varphi_0log f_0 at the point of interest we also establish the limiting distribution of the resulting estimator of the mode mf_0 and establish a new local asymptotic minimax lower bound which shows the optimality of our mode estimator in terms of both rate of convergence and dependence of constants on population values | [['we', 'find', 'limiting', 'distributions', 'of', 'the', 'nonparametric', 'maximum', 'likelihood', 'estimator', 'mle', 'of', 'a', 'logconcave', 'density', 'that', 'is', 'a', 'density', 'of', 'the', 'form', 'f_0expvarphi_0', 'where', 'varphi_0', 'is', 'a', 'concave', 'function', 'on', 'mathbbr', 'the', 'pointwise', 'limiting', 'distributions', 'depend', 'on', 'the', 'second', 'and', 'third', 'derivatives', 'at', '0', 'of', 'h_k', 'the', 'lower', 'invelope', 'of', 'an', 'integrated', 'brownian', 'motion', 'process', 'minus', 'a', 'drift', 'term', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'vanishing', 'derivatives', 'of', 'varphi_0log', 'f_0', 'at', 'the', 'point', 'of', 'interest', 'we', 'also', 'establish', 'the', 'limiting', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'resulting', 'estimator', 'of', 'the', 'mode', 'mf_0', 'and', 'establish', 'a', 'new', 'local', 'asymptotic', 'minimax', 'lower', 'bound', 'which', 'shows', 'the', 'optimality', 'of', 'our', 'mode', 'estimator', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'both', 'rate', 'of', 'convergence', 'and', 'dependence', 'of', 'constants', 'on', 'population', 'values']] | [-0.10691671073838169, 0.05518549322343837, -0.12625446546810742, 0.05165637806437095, -0.03543408719646134, -0.0815976261651015, 0.08709046806626279, 0.3118795711338392, -0.24387742037852778, -0.2518805929154543, 0.12636635577253966, -0.2726689442863752, -0.10012565145734698, 0.16924136714078486, -0.054905335029490805, 0.06541448666883234, -0.005929906874622122, 0.08793794580510464, -0.09828075698119235, -0.2549990749725237, 0.30290113557692105, 0.018967515552127414, 0.2997378601656488, 0.03295546619157339, 0.15673328569191025, -0.001282839331342357, 0.013534678898426576, -0.05325239716531259, -0.20979974207154461, 0.11421715053890286, 0.13833046934149903, 0.09106929047667453, 0.338887958779353, -0.3242868758288437, -0.1372363951522857, 0.15180207961961498, 0.14617455896323323, 0.007154659146306522, 0.005573394204538059, -0.2279252028293458, 0.05055770218966465, -0.1288649354246445, -0.1445566940127374, -0.026141574718700402, 0.018278438373115557, 0.09940257139407613, -0.37227843207275046, 0.167362641617164, 0.08474839139119561, 0.04798734037141348, -0.048994854016325855, -0.19061056515683644, -0.04588830997717792, 0.06774177941180573, 0.10053855586763881, 0.007292156484066348, 0.13741615412612285, -0.14413815198450125, -0.04214866680960203, 0.2672433947726827, -0.14101634337968225, -0.2393434077264452, 0.09957043144145403, -0.23440762666246756, -0.11908799772760992, 0.13914444809980242, 0.1884630251724016, 0.16433907458398106, -0.11632355261626172, 0.11333941280739462, -0.020044888179058785, 0.12726020188485312, 0.06784492033003861, 0.04915759899123604, 0.1410288794351549, 0.13114416460177444, 0.18803733758375465, 0.14794676397638074, -0.11052514360575326, -0.08992389506652373, -0.3863034585233906, -0.17122441363081353, -0.2625116003905062, 0.0359220461385999, -0.19544816166847434, -0.21841879632998387, 0.3851096357744797, 0.10057863660742818, 0.2173564197648124, 0.15108080304745616, 0.23354568193939612, 0.21407453108534763, -0.017664318679478663, 0.08495741149868238, 0.21653966505305264, 0.15967897814096368, 0.004902894002513896, -0.22589147814116964, 0.12771692753072972, 0.05018998505065924] |
708.3401 | Coefficient of tangential restitution for the linear dashpot model | The linear dashpot model for the inelastic normal force between colliding
spheres leads to a constant coefficient of normal restitution,
$\epsilon_n=$const., which makes this model very popular for the investigation
of dilute and moderately dense granular systems. For two frequently used models
for the tangential interaction force we determine the coefficient of tangential
restitution $\epsilon_t$, both analytically and by numerical integration of
Newton's equation. Although $\epsilon_n=$const. for the linear-dashpot model,
we obtain pronounced and characteristic dependencies of the tangential
coefficient on the impact velocity $\epsilon_t=\epsilon_t(\vec{g})$. The
results may be used for event-driven simulations of granular systems of
frictional particles.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | the linear dashpot model for the inelastic normal force between colliding spheres leads to a constant coefficient of normal restitution epsilon_nconst which makes this model very popular for the investigation of dilute and moderately dense granular systems for two frequently used models for the tangential interaction force we determine the coefficient of tangential restitution epsilon_t both analytically and by numerical integration of newtons equation although epsilon_nconst for the lineardashpot model we obtain pronounced and characteristic dependencies of the tangential coefficient on the impact velocity epsilon_tepsilon_tvecg the results may be used for eventdriven simulations of granular systems of frictional particles | [['the', 'linear', 'dashpot', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'inelastic', 'normal', 'force', 'between', 'colliding', 'spheres', 'leads', 'to', 'a', 'constant', 'coefficient', 'of', 'normal', 'restitution', 'epsilon_nconst', 'which', 'makes', 'this', 'model', 'very', 'popular', 'for', 'the', 'investigation', 'of', 'dilute', 'and', 'moderately', 'dense', 'granular', 'systems', 'for', 'two', 'frequently', 'used', 'models', 'for', 'the', 'tangential', 'interaction', 'force', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'coefficient', 'of', 'tangential', 'restitution', 'epsilon_t', 'both', 'analytically', 'and', 'by', 'numerical', 'integration', 'of', 'newtons', 'equation', 'although', 'epsilon_nconst', 'for', 'the', 'lineardashpot', 'model', 'we', 'obtain', 'pronounced', 'and', 'characteristic', 'dependencies', 'of', 'the', 'tangential', 'coefficient', 'on', 'the', 'impact', 'velocity', 'epsilon_tepsilon_tvecg', 'the', 'results', 'may', 'be', 'used', 'for', 'eventdriven', 'simulations', 'of', 'granular', 'systems', 'of', 'frictional', 'particles']] | [-0.14460414894121257, 0.14667684990226437, -0.10217476713618165, 0.025795565647269158, -0.07021929904034263, -0.1415158301738924, -0.025668528897834844, 0.3439937569985264, -0.2836604265790237, -0.25925178620351574, 0.017069880767284256, -0.27087602303976094, -0.14011643521095576, 0.2447577525739019, 0.060316450080197107, 0.09156814899883772, 0.032929102978424024, 0.01962352067624268, -0.040322446453041935, -0.20916544298984502, 0.3110194499947523, 0.03274061784338157, 0.25305947349651864, 0.07429260073327705, 0.14392726002261041, 0.01966582446015979, -0.00870190045159114, 0.06985654593690445, -0.19551272428790598, 0.07138851165869518, 0.19962551727830463, -0.050407198211178186, 0.21926412242219637, -0.43810133448998, -0.2236038695138536, 0.07061160931265668, 0.12129111788970859, 0.07175847291578784, -0.023189563579906366, -0.21385951322552404, 0.03339251274929235, -0.18700263362721, -0.17239949634102614, -0.10228769320406411, 0.07793231820197481, 0.10225556018076053, -0.29595164225289694, 0.19932443437803732, 0.058989596361980624, 0.05919136549101064, -0.1110439524838799, -0.10682293885436497, 0.02848093753778621, 0.07349059713734804, 0.07147541174823632, -0.04632438065631217, 0.17164891679023736, -0.1825698718796239, 0.01718337098626714, 0.44860285324485677, -0.08400743750757293, -0.23066947046226186, 0.24248031970897788, -0.11950412210763285, -0.06757283943803295, 0.14138381848797987, 0.22782353066692226, 0.10649551597766971, -0.1586671842066081, 0.009629852332689457, -0.03625649355940128, 0.14172525747532122, 0.06536814351811221, -0.09752551514140674, 0.1840278035042023, 0.1480174704136229, 0.0153233204184002, 0.10576195736097074, -0.13223715942892197, -0.11113113396261867, -0.25766592887475304, -0.16299482419302588, -0.16332067848232232, -0.004608841764887696, -0.1628647993510209, -0.1770294014523786, 0.3036134599266868, 0.13304780853642642, 0.2098844196059202, 0.07196807608032893, 0.3037143375528486, 0.12691146653439653, 0.03054169188621209, 0.05143150506835235, 0.28207571922164215, 0.1824284108086048, 0.10875168043727937, -0.24584459335004027, 0.11621408693884548, 0.06358174515250874] |
708.3402 | Low energy scattering with a nontrivial pion | An earlier calculation in a generalized linear sigma model showed that the
well-known current algebra formula for low energy pion pion scattering held
even though the massless Nambu Goldstone pion contained a small admixture of a
two-quark two-antiquark field. Here we turn on the pion mass and note that the
current algebra formula no longer holds exactly. We discuss this small
deviation and also study the effects of an SU(3) symmetric quark mass type term
on the masses and mixings of the eight SU(3) multiplets in the model. We
calculate the s wave scattering lengths, including the beyond current algebra
theorem corrections due to the scalar mesons, and observe that the model can
fit the data well. In the process, we uncover the way in which linear sigma
models give controlled corrections (due to the presence of scalar mesons) to
the current algebra scattering formula. Such a feature is commonly thought to
exist only in the non-linear sigma model approach.
| hep-ph | an earlier calculation in a generalized linear sigma model showed that the wellknown current algebra formula for low energy pion pion scattering held even though the massless nambu goldstone pion contained a small admixture of a twoquark twoantiquark field here we turn on the pion mass and note that the current algebra formula no longer holds exactly we discuss this small deviation and also study the effects of an su3 symmetric quark mass type term on the masses and mixings of the eight su3 multiplets in the model we calculate the s wave scattering lengths including the beyond current algebra theorem corrections due to the scalar mesons and observe that the model can fit the data well in the process we uncover the way in which linear sigma models give controlled corrections due to the presence of scalar mesons to the current algebra scattering formula such a feature is commonly thought to exist only in the nonlinear sigma model approach | [['an', 'earlier', 'calculation', 'in', 'a', 'generalized', 'linear', 'sigma', 'model', 'showed', 'that', 'the', 'wellknown', 'current', 'algebra', 'formula', 'for', 'low', 'energy', 'pion', 'pion', 'scattering', 'held', 'even', 'though', 'the', 'massless', 'nambu', 'goldstone', 'pion', 'contained', 'a', 'small', 'admixture', 'of', 'a', 'twoquark', 'twoantiquark', 'field', 'here', 'we', 'turn', 'on', 'the', 'pion', 'mass', 'and', 'note', 'that', 'the', 'current', 'algebra', 'formula', 'no', 'longer', 'holds', 'exactly', 'we', 'discuss', 'this', 'small', 'deviation', 'and', 'also', 'study', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'an', 'su3', 'symmetric', 'quark', 'mass', 'type', 'term', 'on', 'the', 'masses', 'and', 'mixings', 'of', 'the', 'eight', 'su3', 'multiplets', 'in', 'the', 'model', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 's', 'wave', 'scattering', 'lengths', 'including', 'the', 'beyond', 'current', 'algebra', 'theorem', 'corrections', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'scalar', 'mesons', 'and', 'observe', 'that', 'the', 'model', 'can', 'fit', 'the', 'data', 'well', 'in', 'the', 'process', 'we', 'uncover', 'the', 'way', 'in', 'which', 'linear', 'sigma', 'models', 'give', 'controlled', 'corrections', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'scalar', 'mesons', 'to', 'the', 'current', 'algebra', 'scattering', 'formula', 'such', 'a', 'feature', 'is', 'commonly', 'thought', 'to', 'exist', 'only', 'in', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'sigma', 'model', 'approach']] | [-0.11223796659600248, 0.17816713263164274, -0.07288570627980169, 0.15974650685219893, -0.061590767976221684, -0.1263161394159374, 0.03321756040765289, 0.299970172544789, -0.22286804809100316, -0.24629021126706646, 0.03142682433863458, -0.2865765847034354, -0.10380509181889712, 0.12832419656849695, 0.020976055214333836, 0.006614021977421435, 0.03401349696811031, 0.08151296959932214, -0.0916586337968379, -0.19456937147155054, 0.33895523162886687, -0.004335600899608583, 0.23760061490542764, 0.12257709884840362, 0.07605019137160794, 0.03177217958325157, -0.026806684383689047, -0.05612785372672216, -0.11457185428394642, 0.05822268491296051, 0.1971346345654758, 0.02866027118058278, 0.1331314918169248, -0.38451079861407383, -0.1706680119075701, 0.14095430902744285, 0.14835101040665927, 0.15553056221944425, -0.020416123975572065, -0.25412335848353756, 0.0470573449874906, -0.21777339675463736, -0.18475536748755184, -0.08096394334984182, 0.03103267827946927, -0.07903366985601964, -0.287109634795068, 0.10900204254547866, 0.050673667201625895, 0.01896695520892833, -0.07932107406961234, -0.18099320167675614, -0.04761603781543438, 0.02530980830625543, 0.10446617077928441, 0.07354052553287233, 0.12815782867969489, -0.1690904552844769, -0.12218524422057254, 0.40685493829396535, -0.10514486553557452, -0.20613405144767566, 0.1048885338980728, -0.18202044198482806, -0.12282061793858993, 0.0975097947396666, 0.16700704864507435, 0.06934282130345046, -0.16623491992143058, 0.14364460846368932, -0.09510711298473165, 0.16773384283721424, 0.0825144233234789, 0.032602987667317236, 0.21134599560063402, 0.13133146288019823, -0.03507103691603871, 0.07815905867741918, -0.05237576199707183, -0.101728032592028, -0.37640818934404413, -0.09659289316795532, -0.10594235860256467, 0.088121225329906, -0.10016531542012375, -0.16074972979009808, 0.37114051756384614, 0.14047030693376963, 0.19837929943353874, 0.06370643686880972, 0.28174281422540826, 0.14947404128604763, 0.13001044412910845, 0.07492561057889424, 0.25814000851000257, 0.2124099160819871, 0.10375133701512274, -0.2575570421652874, -0.0455202044517903, 0.08785770338544119] |
708.3403 | Quantum Sensor Miniaturization | The classical bound on image resolution defined by the Rayleigh limit can be
beaten by exploiting the properties of quantum mechanical entanglement. If
entangled photons are used as signal states, the best possible resolution is
instead given by the Heisenberg limit, an improvement proportional to the
number of entangled photons in the signal. In this paper we present a novel
application of entanglement by showing that the resolution obtained by an
imaging system utilizing separable photons can be achieved by an imaging system
making use of entangled photons, but with the advantage of a smaller aperture,
thus resulting in a smaller and lighter system. This can be especially valuable
in satellite imaging where weight and size play a vital role.
| quant-ph | the classical bound on image resolution defined by the rayleigh limit can be beaten by exploiting the properties of quantum mechanical entanglement if entangled photons are used as signal states the best possible resolution is instead given by the heisenberg limit an improvement proportional to the number of entangled photons in the signal in this paper we present a novel application of entanglement by showing that the resolution obtained by an imaging system utilizing separable photons can be achieved by an imaging system making use of entangled photons but with the advantage of a smaller aperture thus resulting in a smaller and lighter system this can be especially valuable in satellite imaging where weight and size play a vital role | [['the', 'classical', 'bound', 'on', 'image', 'resolution', 'defined', 'by', 'the', 'rayleigh', 'limit', 'can', 'be', 'beaten', 'by', 'exploiting', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'quantum', 'mechanical', 'entanglement', 'if', 'entangled', 'photons', 'are', 'used', 'as', 'signal', 'states', 'the', 'best', 'possible', 'resolution', 'is', 'instead', 'given', 'by', 'the', 'heisenberg', 'limit', 'an', 'improvement', 'proportional', 'to', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'entangled', 'photons', 'in', 'the', 'signal', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'novel', 'application', 'of', 'entanglement', 'by', 'showing', 'that', 'the', 'resolution', 'obtained', 'by', 'an', 'imaging', 'system', 'utilizing', 'separable', 'photons', 'can', 'be', 'achieved', 'by', 'an', 'imaging', 'system', 'making', 'use', 'of', 'entangled', 'photons', 'but', 'with', 'the', 'advantage', 'of', 'a', 'smaller', 'aperture', 'thus', 'resulting', 'in', 'a', 'smaller', 'and', 'lighter', 'system', 'this', 'can', 'be', 'especially', 'valuable', 'in', 'satellite', 'imaging', 'where', 'weight', 'and', 'size', 'play', 'a', 'vital', 'role']] | [-0.09010319993637192, 0.1821843073057001, -0.07657333811900267, 0.02895280121107741, -0.012166635100341713, -0.12970475237816573, 0.021814770784112626, 0.3549354131023089, -0.2664731045253575, -0.3361819030561795, 0.10253730068507139, -0.2519569609779865, -0.09182153595611453, 0.2399849221187954, -0.05675633476736645, 0.05598776434392979, 0.10672858851806571, 0.016277345085594183, -0.013329517537204082, -0.226620602227437, 0.302820698072901, 0.11989413884293754, 0.265354253561236, 0.03152844555055102, 0.1209687797119841, 0.06188053090785009, 0.01771410573273897, 0.029192920300799112, -0.06928581292819823, 0.1290996094054814, 0.2706730086201181, 0.12132182798814029, 0.2527257796182918, -0.4153854759254803, -0.2078856643657976, 0.1249645992453831, 0.2124397135921754, 0.08995483268518001, -0.044498888307134624, -0.3186618675264375, 0.03909489006715982, -0.16346808235975913, -0.10757830292010719, -0.06691016068992515, -0.025327628125281384, -0.0376559461078917, -0.25441198161958406, 0.07596542805743714, 0.0623319298416997, 0.0497837855713442, 0.005640003477067997, -0.05252473580670388, 0.0005927595387523373, 0.13448162227869034, -0.04081678785732947, 0.03284480646834709, 0.11094981153534415, -0.18260197889370222, -0.11458026447022955, 0.37372443174632886, -0.08375127687371181, -0.2064981359736218, 0.14157600454442823, -0.12210805617893736, -0.05731283085187897, 0.14653954441115882, 0.13296549021421622, 0.10577612545457668, -0.1297303804118807, 0.05082592480175663, -0.04317791930322225, 0.2465375400885629, 0.07961708918446675, 0.15036299787073706, 0.21986606327700428, 0.16861450568345995, 0.0834124711730207, 0.2006875996759239, -0.10332405317846376, -0.03491629249717031, -0.2545785478937129, -0.1860846418426566, -0.2691344425547868, 0.09318104333578958, -0.09558867196683422, -0.04602013024656723, 0.34391376885275043, 0.14666065281053306, 0.18645448604753861, -0.003675295040011406, 0.3242357218482842, 0.14792676061139598, 0.09555628702122097, 0.040866803486521046, 0.29121272161913414, 0.11633610468901073, 0.0507882920675911, -0.2069362374371849, 0.03862066145059847, 0.013327113342044564] |
708.3404 | Efficient computation of p-adic heights | We analyse and drastically improve the running time of the algorithm of
Mazur, Stein and Tate for computing the canonical cyclotomic p-adic height of a
point on an elliptic curve E/Q, where E has good ordinary reduction at p >= 5.
| math.NT | we analyse and drastically improve the running time of the algorithm of mazur stein and tate for computing the canonical cyclotomic padic height of a point on an elliptic curve eq where e has good ordinary reduction at p 5 | [['we', 'analyse', 'and', 'drastically', 'improve', 'the', 'running', 'time', 'of', 'the', 'algorithm', 'of', 'mazur', 'stein', 'and', 'tate', 'for', 'computing', 'the', 'canonical', 'cyclotomic', 'padic', 'height', 'of', 'a', 'point', 'on', 'an', 'elliptic', 'curve', 'eq', 'where', 'e', 'has', 'good', 'ordinary', 'reduction', 'at', 'p', '5']] | [-0.1908181957434863, 0.012644403046942898, -0.19789315542438998, 0.0673309946898371, -0.045278698427136985, -0.16241823275340722, 0.05284859262173995, 0.23525729943066837, -0.320178106892854, -0.334499712055549, 0.03491217193659395, -0.24083864479325712, -0.08000025666551665, 0.2759623913094401, -0.1337084353202954, 0.05643702568486333, 0.02033736864104867, 0.11296210328582675, -0.10257925941841677, -0.38077387590892614, 0.319985405029729, 0.03121966850012541, 0.19452723895665258, 0.03646453046239913, 0.09394341512816026, 0.05972539981594309, -0.02589671118184924, -0.08092900773044676, -0.15068040061742066, 0.10730477832257748, 0.29205695358105005, 0.034094499994534996, 0.21974916509352624, -0.3821410027332604, -0.1209535580361262, 0.23247436170931907, 0.11037818258628249, -0.02696864721365273, 0.03541038613475393, -0.19976567728444933, 0.1156933136338921, -0.13757310165092348, -0.1780834901263006, -0.0546045588736888, 0.13046096267644317, 0.033183005452156064, -0.2610238662455231, -0.0036614238750189545, 0.06859153721015901, 0.2083116341382265, -0.04334500646218657, -0.1891439424827695, -0.0008852495055180043, 0.009541825240012259, 0.00687701681163162, 0.10190994275035337, 0.09874061584705487, -0.10487664898100775, -0.11338111006189137, 0.32634477289393543, -0.12025812042411417, -0.09102257788181305, 0.09300301657058299, -0.12423356485087425, -0.1483321108156815, 0.16670437008142472, 0.1370923327631317, 0.12540568595286458, 0.03079693380277604, 0.23610679078556132, -0.0661722821467265, 0.08345112526221783, 0.14479614167939872, -0.13562300896737725, 0.10227343440055847, 0.10140135268593439, 0.05981268105097115, 0.08651121570728719, -0.07846081910538487, -0.0638496256840881, -0.2978739758953452, -0.22403220699634402, -0.14906225455924868, 0.11370859652524815, -0.16040575368024293, -0.14093571294797586, 0.4075923248194158, 0.06207076634746045, 0.2014912215527147, 0.10013587872963399, 0.21281951470300556, 0.16487641741114203, -0.0037939863628707825, 0.09376119091175497, 0.13981217304244636, 0.13550530697684735, 0.0608567571034655, -0.23770373035222292, -0.015647317457478493, 0.1630644373479299] |
708.3405 | Magnetic Fields in Irregular Galaxies | Magnetic fields are an important component of the interstellar medium,
especially in low-mass galaxies like irregulars where the magnetic pressure may
be significant. However, few irregular galaxies have observed magnetic field
structures. Using the VLA, the GBT, and the ATCA, we have observed several
irregular galaxies in the radio continuum to determine their magnetic field
structures. Here we report on our results for the galaxies NGC 4214 and NGC
1569.
| astro-ph | magnetic fields are an important component of the interstellar medium especially in lowmass galaxies like irregulars where the magnetic pressure may be significant however few irregular galaxies have observed magnetic field structures using the vla the gbt and the atca we have observed several irregular galaxies in the radio continuum to determine their magnetic field structures here we report on our results for the galaxies ngc 4214 and ngc 1569 | [['magnetic', 'fields', 'are', 'an', 'important', 'component', 'of', 'the', 'interstellar', 'medium', 'especially', 'in', 'lowmass', 'galaxies', 'like', 'irregulars', 'where', 'the', 'magnetic', 'pressure', 'may', 'be', 'significant', 'however', 'few', 'irregular', 'galaxies', 'have', 'observed', 'magnetic', 'field', 'structures', 'using', 'the', 'vla', 'the', 'gbt', 'and', 'the', 'atca', 'we', 'have', 'observed', 'several', 'irregular', 'galaxies', 'in', 'the', 'radio', 'continuum', 'to', 'determine', 'their', 'magnetic', 'field', 'structures', 'here', 'we', 'report', 'on', 'our', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'galaxies', 'ngc', '4214', 'and', 'ngc', '1569']] | [-0.1246791472658515, 0.059698006748762314, -0.07364162733512265, 0.08675708451441357, -0.12671732505716915, -0.0011199716478586196, -0.0531040060999138, 0.549525600405676, -0.09781180237020765, -0.3468781023951513, 0.06321092372693654, -0.22743280796068055, -0.09582678007760219, 0.2114662695143904, 0.022119109658524393, -0.06765360527538827, 0.029398837007050004, -0.11813983949167388, 0.014616259406985981, -0.28820752775562664, 0.31707933406744687, 0.05796407961419651, 0.16261278489338502, -0.035073627824229854, 0.039940122344497855, -0.1760324285299118, -0.061386404346142495, -0.021941682403641086, -0.10178146384257292, -0.0075327236205339435, 0.26545645723318945, 0.034406944437484654, 0.20899584558127182, -0.46764167132122175, -0.21212457745735133, 0.0650195413934333, 0.21160724964658065, 0.0554072317700567, -0.11608748572512663, -0.340611894122724, 0.08456622042161013, -0.12705122558400034, -0.1750225212163059, 0.03909446623708521, 0.027716868799845022, 0.07734192714727084, -0.17176930867135526, 0.14852641922022616, -0.00028021087304555943, 0.15968450946467264, -0.18332519354963941, -0.1266455966447081, -0.016383659769780935, 0.0939962153722133, 0.012744790422064917, 0.12234079997454371, 0.2338651650319142, -0.19138327731883953, -0.00499778828982796, 0.39912423055086815, -0.0270872315125806, 0.06763875089319689, 0.26943640261223273, -0.24577266001807793, -0.27591946640584086, 0.1033147710774626, 0.18726590988891464, 0.08018802669498006, -0.14048234007454344, 0.05019501848645242, -0.07853760066708283, 0.18984322659671307, 0.023403297745556172, 0.10730934564822486, 0.2932164600118995, 0.04630642172747425, 0.03345883940346539, 0.12188343739170315, -0.29777786199203027, 0.02104716617614031, -0.1470845955823149, -0.09122957699000836, -0.11252461677151067, 0.10919955595662552, -0.15489577372915977, -0.13634943808262637, 0.3534954950413001, 0.09781971553373815, 0.21035536567547491, -0.0204535267382328, 0.3300490419779505, 0.04925528031807127, 0.15761930926237255, 0.1687049059596445, 0.32865282635071447, 0.250573677356754, 0.1168383642698505, -0.23617841409785406, 0.032128680517364824, -0.08107919060359044] |
708.3406 | Search for IR Emission from Intracluster Dust in A2029 | We have searched for IR emission from the intracluster dust (ICD) in the
galaxy cluster A2029. Weak signals of enhanced extended emission in the cluster
are detected at both 24 and 70 micron. However, the signals are
indistinguishable from the foreground fluctuations. The 24 versus 70 micron
color map does not discriminate the dust emission in the cluster from the
cirrus emission. After excluding the contamination from the point sources, we
obtain upper limits for the extended ICD emission in A2029, 5 x 10^3 Jy/sr at
24 micron and 5 x 10^4 Jy/sr at 70 micron. The upper limits are generally
consistent with the expectation from theoretical calculations and support a
dust deficiency in the cluster compared to the ISM in our galaxy. Our results
suggest that even with the much improved sensitivity of current IR telescopes,
a clear detection of the IR emission from ICD may be difficult due to cirrus
noise.
| astro-ph | we have searched for ir emission from the intracluster dust icd in the galaxy cluster a2029 weak signals of enhanced extended emission in the cluster are detected at both 24 and 70 micron however the signals are indistinguishable from the foreground fluctuations the 24 versus 70 micron color map does not discriminate the dust emission in the cluster from the cirrus emission after excluding the contamination from the point sources we obtain upper limits for the extended icd emission in a2029 5 x 103 jysr at 24 micron and 5 x 104 jysr at 70 micron the upper limits are generally consistent with the expectation from theoretical calculations and support a dust deficiency in the cluster compared to the ism in our galaxy our results suggest that even with the much improved sensitivity of current ir telescopes a clear detection of the ir emission from icd may be difficult due to cirrus noise | [['we', 'have', 'searched', 'for', 'ir', 'emission', 'from', 'the', 'intracluster', 'dust', 'icd', 'in', 'the', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'a2029', 'weak', 'signals', 'of', 'enhanced', 'extended', 'emission', 'in', 'the', 'cluster', 'are', 'detected', 'at', 'both', '24', 'and', '70', 'micron', 'however', 'the', 'signals', 'are', 'indistinguishable', 'from', 'the', 'foreground', 'fluctuations', 'the', '24', 'versus', '70', 'micron', 'color', 'map', 'does', 'not', 'discriminate', 'the', 'dust', 'emission', 'in', 'the', 'cluster', 'from', 'the', 'cirrus', 'emission', 'after', 'excluding', 'the', 'contamination', 'from', 'the', 'point', 'sources', 'we', 'obtain', 'upper', 'limits', 'for', 'the', 'extended', 'icd', 'emission', 'in', 'a2029', '5', 'x', '103', 'jysr', 'at', '24', 'micron', 'and', '5', 'x', '104', 'jysr', 'at', '70', 'micron', 'the', 'upper', 'limits', 'are', 'generally', 'consistent', 'with', 'the', 'expectation', 'from', 'theoretical', 'calculations', 'and', 'support', 'a', 'dust', 'deficiency', 'in', 'the', 'cluster', 'compared', 'to', 'the', 'ism', 'in', 'our', 'galaxy', 'our', 'results', 'suggest', 'that', 'even', 'with', 'the', 'much', 'improved', 'sensitivity', 'of', 'current', 'ir', 'telescopes', 'a', 'clear', 'detection', 'of', 'the', 'ir', 'emission', 'from', 'icd', 'may', 'be', 'difficult', 'due', 'to', 'cirrus', 'noise']] | [0.015747218910190795, 0.10044698783628692, -0.04282210017037061, 0.11993773538448842, 0.01597191569291883, -0.05732171423124527, 0.08545627141846161, 0.4392348343469933, -0.17376584012660173, -0.3334401386662149, 0.07069202803008355, -0.344831014258994, -0.002518778835770254, 0.16265106866337067, -0.010790298534237653, -0.053568672166613776, 0.011688922732776287, -0.08487058765090563, -0.016840408652795638, -0.2309017295316105, 0.23230150065786553, 0.09058651957186122, 0.2212568500438352, 0.05263896695919505, 0.027740536858723346, -0.09981371457779817, -0.12385456645374301, -0.03154566247180542, -0.08188118891102099, 0.07081867056880511, 0.2375893593458398, 0.09892905981346868, 0.1357666872307853, -0.35778806992849105, -0.2108629445052322, 0.09895021502792932, 0.1756831411401828, 0.05559073319183845, -0.028897851078582355, -0.29244638924651284, 0.08821236598571713, -0.14023540428614403, -0.1217374092826218, 0.09884878402588025, 0.03432947494320912, -0.01155249939187509, -0.24812542173016233, 0.13502466287220422, 0.024643655390070837, 0.08518364265011555, -0.1050142476584738, -0.16281129676906478, -0.06881177726694766, 0.07109223472356212, -0.0359140376322994, 0.10374121789727664, 0.22562333519016606, -0.13447532610849058, -0.04779043374887479, 0.38651403659358136, -0.11906576959197135, 0.0016522224858597993, 0.25205801087705526, -0.21826083074001218, -0.17385261121139028, 0.2765931412090663, 0.1249840983883569, 0.06740107681005707, -0.16627574735777637, 0.028365609802540052, 0.020503487439485255, 0.24402705365826158, 0.06277576990705593, 0.11363149930139413, 0.30268578438295257, 0.06908527200469394, 0.03839766174658305, 0.14165372027349019, -0.27719762594152997, 0.0039311405088679465, -0.2606160526484969, -0.06968631215996164, -0.12552145511532822, 0.10068664640301209, -0.1471682901284391, -0.0625908352290828, 0.31155432354251006, 0.18685359039474767, 0.19998354616794078, 0.07333582485386846, 0.293154833829213, 0.0679733484049078, 0.1236589764689211, 0.10776854588138852, 0.3478914732783059, 0.13168336932541302, 0.06402087664182961, -0.19441297547161288, 0.03173553081704121, -0.06230132925184139] |
708.3407 | Normal Hopf subalgebras in cocycle deformations of finite groups | Let $G$ be a finite group and let $\pi: G \to G'$ be a surjective group
homomorphism. Consider the cocycle deformation $L = H^{\sigma}$ of the Hopf
algebra $H = k^G$ of $k$-valued linear functions on $G$, with respect to some
convolution invertible 2-cocycle $\sigma$. The (normal) Hopf subalgebra $k^{G'}
\subseteq k^G$ corresponds to a Hopf subalgebra $L' \subseteq L$. Our main
result is an explicit necessary and sufficient condition for the normality of
$L'$ in $L$.
| math.QA math.RA | let g be a finite group and let pi g to g be a surjective group homomorphism consider the cocycle deformation l hsigma of the hopf algebra h kg of kvalued linear functions on g with respect to some convolution invertible 2cocycle sigma the normal hopf subalgebra kg subseteq kg corresponds to a hopf subalgebra l subseteq l our main result is an explicit necessary and sufficient condition for the normality of l in l | [['let', 'g', 'be', 'a', 'finite', 'group', 'and', 'let', 'pi', 'g', 'to', 'g', 'be', 'a', 'surjective', 'group', 'homomorphism', 'consider', 'the', 'cocycle', 'deformation', 'l', 'hsigma', 'of', 'the', 'hopf', 'algebra', 'h', 'kg', 'of', 'kvalued', 'linear', 'functions', 'on', 'g', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'some', 'convolution', 'invertible', '2cocycle', 'sigma', 'the', 'normal', 'hopf', 'subalgebra', 'kg', 'subseteq', 'kg', 'corresponds', 'to', 'a', 'hopf', 'subalgebra', 'l', 'subseteq', 'l', 'our', 'main', 'result', 'is', 'an', 'explicit', 'necessary', 'and', 'sufficient', 'condition', 'for', 'the', 'normality', 'of', 'l', 'in', 'l']] | [-0.2427246161053578, 0.0921501199483949, -0.04780424240976572, -0.016247629714198412, -0.19971288204193116, -0.204137866490831, -0.0323085823499908, 0.3317430795232455, -0.3997665695846081, -0.17746221820280578, 0.07012096232268959, -0.23648557181780536, -0.061940988196680945, 0.16340308340887227, -0.14281370303283136, -0.07377026599521438, 0.09339592752978206, 0.20781739339232444, -0.11852283512552579, -0.2017992677570631, 0.33148382837573687, -0.05388810167709986, 0.15472807433456182, -0.04492683845261733, 0.09660261380796631, -0.01745130354228119, -0.005915390926723679, -0.058200233684231835, -0.24818878846863907, -0.025783943894008794, 0.3308498262614012, 0.04144533748428027, 0.2578250464672844, -0.3042697024097045, -0.03855976512966057, 0.2714228510359923, 0.12518782407045365, -0.1653917778035005, 0.07750564390638222, -0.31835364177823067, 0.17822414748060206, -0.22322509497404097, -0.10503911769599654, -0.014441286784907182, 0.2484485780261457, -0.05839987836778164, -0.36462894812226293, -0.03127559627406299, 0.15490185129766662, 0.15919187381863595, 0.020032022014881173, -0.1408434233131508, -0.15817197294595342, 0.007071365900337696, -0.12941368926161279, 0.1728982472947488, 0.1285720510171571, -0.010039138160645961, -0.06321998462080955, 0.3823788988466064, -0.10016190933063626, -0.25435224522215627, 0.0683044168772176, -0.2072923078512152, -0.15524212039696675, 0.14798604825201134, 0.03824747542540232, 0.12634510224685072, 0.022749252965052924, 0.28873035733743263, -0.19709092373649278, 0.05181319131205479, 0.03346781420210997, -0.06227424964463959, 0.09239775026837985, 0.07584151986831178, 0.1543566245213151, 0.1257778520230204, 0.08722167248216768, 0.17877095016340414, -0.4795572971304258, -0.12791278976947068, -0.07513963555296262, 0.2326900030548374, -0.12780682622726697, -0.131689018967251, 0.340872597421209, 0.03133252646774053, 0.16304065867016712, 0.13417429226140182, 0.10552792352934678, 0.08408463331948345, 0.10127521795531114, 0.07383567560231313, -0.009222189738648013, 0.40949805252254007, -0.11777719906841715, -0.2130674500670284, -0.08376497239495317, 0.26830751029774547] |
708.3408 | Linear Time Algorithms Based on Multilevel Prefix Tree for Finding
Shortest Path with Positive Weights and Minimum Spanning Tree in a Networks | In this paper I present general outlook on questions relevant to the basic
graph algorithms; Finding the Shortest Path with Positive Weights and Minimum
Spanning Tree. I will show so far known solution set of basic graph problems
and present my own. My solutions to graph problems are characterized by their
linear worst-case time complexity. It should be noticed that the algorithms
which compute the Shortest Path and Minimum Spanning Tree problems not only
analyze the weight of arcs (which is the main and often the only criterion of
solution hitherto known algorithms) but also in case of identical path weights
they select this path which walks through as few vertices as possible. I have
presented algorithms which use priority queue based on multilevel prefix tree
-- PTrie. PTrie is a clever combination of the idea of prefix tree -- Trie, the
structure of logarithmic time complexity for insert and remove operations,
doubly linked list and queues. In C++ I will implement linear worst-case time
algorithm computing the Single-Destination Shortest-Paths problem and I will
explain its usage.
| cs.DS | in this paper i present general outlook on questions relevant to the basic graph algorithms finding the shortest path with positive weights and minimum spanning tree i will show so far known solution set of basic graph problems and present my own my solutions to graph problems are characterized by their linear worstcase time complexity it should be noticed that the algorithms which compute the shortest path and minimum spanning tree problems not only analyze the weight of arcs which is the main and often the only criterion of solution hitherto known algorithms but also in case of identical path weights they select this path which walks through as few vertices as possible i have presented algorithms which use priority queue based on multilevel prefix tree ptrie ptrie is a clever combination of the idea of prefix tree trie the structure of logarithmic time complexity for insert and remove operations doubly linked list and queues in c i will implement linear worstcase time algorithm computing the singledestination shortestpaths problem and i will explain its usage | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'i', 'present', 'general', 'outlook', 'on', 'questions', 'relevant', 'to', 'the', 'basic', 'graph', 'algorithms', 'finding', 'the', 'shortest', 'path', 'with', 'positive', 'weights', 'and', 'minimum', 'spanning', 'tree', 'i', 'will', 'show', 'so', 'far', 'known', 'solution', 'set', 'of', 'basic', 'graph', 'problems', 'and', 'present', 'my', 'own', 'my', 'solutions', 'to', 'graph', 'problems', 'are', 'characterized', 'by', 'their', 'linear', 'worstcase', 'time', 'complexity', 'it', 'should', 'be', 'noticed', 'that', 'the', 'algorithms', 'which', 'compute', 'the', 'shortest', 'path', 'and', 'minimum', 'spanning', 'tree', 'problems', 'not', 'only', 'analyze', 'the', 'weight', 'of', 'arcs', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'main', 'and', 'often', 'the', 'only', 'criterion', 'of', 'solution', 'hitherto', 'known', 'algorithms', 'but', 'also', 'in', 'case', 'of', 'identical', 'path', 'weights', 'they', 'select', 'this', 'path', 'which', 'walks', 'through', 'as', 'few', 'vertices', 'as', 'possible', 'i', 'have', 'presented', 'algorithms', 'which', 'use', 'priority', 'queue', 'based', 'on', 'multilevel', 'prefix', 'tree', 'ptrie', 'ptrie', 'is', 'a', 'clever', 'combination', 'of', 'the', 'idea', 'of', 'prefix', 'tree', 'trie', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'logarithmic', 'time', 'complexity', 'for', 'insert', 'and', 'remove', 'operations', 'doubly', 'linked', 'list', 'and', 'queues', 'in', 'c', 'i', 'will', 'implement', 'linear', 'worstcase', 'time', 'algorithm', 'computing', 'the', 'singledestination', 'shortestpaths', 'problem', 'and', 'i', 'will', 'explain', 'its', 'usage']] | [-0.13490875015999856, 0.08450806261439409, -0.04681599977426231, 0.07893613116549594, -0.15021400505942958, -0.20036088821611234, 0.13292450778735138, 0.4110908224407051, -0.33972624368965626, -0.3080289485837732, 0.14280254554868277, -0.24990999056292432, -0.17328684960092816, 0.1339153693629695, -0.10546220314822026, 0.07387588294987966, 0.13173193157517485, 0.07746752944109696, 0.006583873462264559, -0.31183766536264945, 0.27495141758716535, 0.06103426104943667, 0.2137807149373527, 0.019568376300989516, 0.0958703770644414, 0.01168713024551315, -0.08130658302988325, 0.048206198300634114, -0.15026628755719035, 0.07989207064400294, 0.2725762904967581, 0.23736510715846504, 0.2661461270613862, -0.4241759215721062, -0.1353577529625701, 0.12799305829485613, 0.16451733783153552, 0.10308996779411765, 0.013840235656659518, -0.19832475683385772, 0.09572319772094488, -0.10971152971365622, -0.06482792646491102, -0.019123142883181572, 0.057692124649350134, 0.029728404193052223, -0.19396506476781464, -0.052300218611323675, 0.05502745505954538, -0.005197336865322931, 0.017217371757142247, -0.1844064662013469, 0.03713468537399811, 0.09092401166313462, 0.010577436895774943, 0.05015922689743872, 0.058279811213059085, -0.07208791551047138, -0.2146249476394483, 0.3792509708872863, 0.0035249356925487517, -0.1469389128392296, 0.14928231079397458, -0.06301421832559365, -0.1711547377971666, 0.11069821906675185, 0.16440915670245887, 0.14609152232712533, -0.17341567290980103, 0.08594192865404433, -0.05600487072286861, 0.13190832330313113, 0.0990105619228312, 0.062386462562384885, 0.1376496118993964, 0.15487936664904867, 0.13643382847974342, 0.11888782556235258, -0.016663248161120074, -0.09218992859690583, -0.28161957980798824, -0.13180803270079194, -0.2047715522748019, -0.0069446025136026684, -0.11582398160435592, -0.21062073439891849, 0.3975162184877055, 0.15116708265883583, 0.16905808348208665, 0.1471240418391036, 0.27992969192298395, 0.10426911848539021, 0.05336522548126855, 0.1769821958004364, 0.12666799535176584, 0.09148553320206702, 0.07484296179642634, -0.19474886697850058, 0.10525886258193558, 0.12050981980765105] |
708.3409 | Stability of the Front under a Vlasov-Fokker-Planck Dynamics | We consider a kinetic model for a system of two species of particles
interacting through a longrange repulsive potential and a reservoir at given
temperature. The model is described by a set of two coupled Vlasov-Fokker-Plank
equations. The important front solution, which represents the phase boundary,
is a one-dimensional stationary solution on the real line with given asymptotic
values at infinity. We prove the asymptotic stability of the front for small
symmetric perturbations.
| math-ph math.MP | we consider a kinetic model for a system of two species of particles interacting through a longrange repulsive potential and a reservoir at given temperature the model is described by a set of two coupled vlasovfokkerplank equations the important front solution which represents the phase boundary is a onedimensional stationary solution on the real line with given asymptotic values at infinity we prove the asymptotic stability of the front for small symmetric perturbations | [['we', 'consider', 'a', 'kinetic', 'model', 'for', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'two', 'species', 'of', 'particles', 'interacting', 'through', 'a', 'longrange', 'repulsive', 'potential', 'and', 'a', 'reservoir', 'at', 'given', 'temperature', 'the', 'model', 'is', 'described', 'by', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'two', 'coupled', 'vlasovfokkerplank', 'equations', 'the', 'important', 'front', 'solution', 'which', 'represents', 'the', 'phase', 'boundary', 'is', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'stationary', 'solution', 'on', 'the', 'real', 'line', 'with', 'given', 'asymptotic', 'values', 'at', 'infinity', 'we', 'prove', 'the', 'asymptotic', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'front', 'for', 'small', 'symmetric', 'perturbations']] | [-0.1958447986204798, 0.1322558886733734, -0.07828831945597711, 0.006613003843489828, 0.009350243063333133, -0.16665213925039601, 0.02134696010681283, 0.286441081087105, -0.23102198041872019, -0.22305549282787573, 0.09761999335993703, -0.31656299660810167, -0.11111431679455563, 0.12287034931877214, 0.05878503577938924, 0.052286569137625825, 0.05194715600615988, 0.08768193181539471, -0.02439771654058455, -0.17940243076494275, 0.35315093115463647, -0.0006446457054052088, 0.22558466008760863, 0.04032625451994439, 0.1662558318647724, -0.03662134361285199, 0.037585044831050456, 0.04456637133585496, -0.13541068664441505, 0.04110686924023968, 0.17016156661358967, 0.032513833789077275, 0.27967387882785666, -0.4129003139419688, -0.2305463131956963, 0.11753236799914804, 0.14435719025075539, 0.13393310291091134, -0.06817174463422918, -0.28617726599461296, 0.030181581403465114, -0.14994521248930445, -0.24778498843726185, 0.0016836724785712755, 0.02496926086799552, 0.06399905766981344, -0.31150128081854844, 0.08006064943037927, 0.03782044554180983, 0.02564887081583341, -0.11299655577426569, -0.05910852573934891, -0.03186166123163679, 0.07719303760030824, 0.01676171400241502, -0.014018611490933431, 0.1016991008267117, -0.14078165782848373, -0.01493826312556242, 0.36867783228970236, -0.12284836084775937, -0.24922599001891083, 0.22315216039876556, -0.12218942115820634, -0.06870873412117362, 0.1633389182194757, 0.17805913125630468, 0.1350799507086372, -0.15468688567893374, 0.1247785144523732, -0.042372357848863534, 0.13744187594784307, 0.051792219423481986, -0.044275616580206484, 0.25842097202419406, 0.20465999911539257, 0.07369405525322589, 0.2040288074187831, -0.04158014422076425, -0.1559967543515894, -0.3537481864655597, -0.16180639429431823, -0.19185628027965626, 0.038580384493495025, -0.1431332388955424, -0.21458609726202363, 0.4157752310339775, 0.1207760489042913, 0.2127336084506371, 0.06167029145581182, 0.26780841015796697, 0.16317712292321732, -0.02480646987290432, 0.0705331044155173, 0.21071036007358795, 0.13178498116515888, 0.0899825318548311, -0.2257417861191142, 0.04279929206758323, 0.1112685101882865] |
708.341 | Rough solutions of the Einstein constraint equations with nonconstant
mean curvature | We consider the conformal decomposition of Einstein's constraint equations
introduced by Lichnerowicz and York, on a compact manifold with boundary. We
use order relations on appropriate Banach spaces to derive weak solution
generalizations of known sub- and super-solutions (barriers) for the
Hamiltonian constraint. The barriers are combined with variational methods to
establish existence of solutions to the Hamiltonian constraint in the
intersection of the space of essentially bounded functions and the Sobolev
space H1. The result is established for scalar curvature R of the background
metric having any sign; non-negative R requires additional positivity
assumptions either on the matter energy density or on the trace-free
divergence-free part of the extrinsic curvature. Although the formulation is
different, the result can be viewed as lowering the regularity of the recent
result of Maxwell on rough CMC solutions. We also establish existence of
non-CMC solutions of the Hamiltonian and momentum constraint equations. The
result is obtained using fixed-point iteration and compactness arguments
directly, rather than by building a contraction map. The non-CMC result can be
viewed as a type of extension of the regularity of the 1996 non-CMC result of
Isenberg and Moncrief to lower regularity and to scalar curvature R having any
sign.
| gr-qc | we consider the conformal decomposition of einsteins constraint equations introduced by lichnerowicz and york on a compact manifold with boundary we use order relations on appropriate banach spaces to derive weak solution generalizations of known sub and supersolutions barriers for the hamiltonian constraint the barriers are combined with variational methods to establish existence of solutions to the hamiltonian constraint in the intersection of the space of essentially bounded functions and the sobolev space h1 the result is established for scalar curvature r of the background metric having any sign nonnegative r requires additional positivity assumptions either on the matter energy density or on the tracefree divergencefree part of the extrinsic curvature although the formulation is different the result can be viewed as lowering the regularity of the recent result of maxwell on rough cmc solutions we also establish existence of noncmc solutions of the hamiltonian and momentum constraint equations the result is obtained using fixedpoint iteration and compactness arguments directly rather than by building a contraction map the noncmc result can be viewed as a type of extension of the regularity of the 1996 noncmc result of isenberg and moncrief to lower regularity and to scalar curvature r having any sign | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'conformal', 'decomposition', 'of', 'einsteins', 'constraint', 'equations', 'introduced', 'by', 'lichnerowicz', 'and', 'york', 'on', 'a', 'compact', 'manifold', 'with', 'boundary', 'we', 'use', 'order', 'relations', 'on', 'appropriate', 'banach', 'spaces', 'to', 'derive', 'weak', 'solution', 'generalizations', 'of', 'known', 'sub', 'and', 'supersolutions', 'barriers', 'for', 'the', 'hamiltonian', 'constraint', 'the', 'barriers', 'are', 'combined', 'with', 'variational', 'methods', 'to', 'establish', 'existence', 'of', 'solutions', 'to', 'the', 'hamiltonian', 'constraint', 'in', 'the', 'intersection', 'of', 'the', 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708.3411 | On causally asymmetric versions of Occam's Razor and their relation to
thermodynamics | In real-life statistical data, it seems that conditional probabilities for
the effect given their causes tend to be less complex and smoother than
conditionals for causes, given their effects. We have recently proposed and
tested methods for causal inference in machine learning using a formalization
of this principle.
Here we try to provide some theoretical justification for causal inference
methods based upon such a ``causally asymmetric'' interpretation of Occam's
Razor. To this end, we discuss toy models of cause-effect relations from
classical and quantum physics as well as computer science in the context of
various aspects of complexity.
We argue that this asymmetry of the statistical dependences between cause and
effect has a thermodynamic origin. The essential link is the tendency of the
environment to provide independent background noise realized by physical
systems that are initially uncorrelated with the system under consideration
rather than being finally uncorrelated. This link extends ideas from the
literature relating Reichenbach's principle of the common cause to the second
law.
| cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other quant-ph | in reallife statistical data it seems that conditional probabilities for the effect given their causes tend to be less complex and smoother than conditionals for causes given their effects we have recently proposed and tested methods for causal inference in machine learning using a formalization of this principle here we try to provide some theoretical justification for causal inference methods based upon such a causally asymmetric interpretation of occams razor to this end we discuss toy models of causeeffect relations from classical and quantum physics as well as computer science in the context of various aspects of complexity we argue that this asymmetry of the statistical dependences between cause and effect has a thermodynamic origin the essential link is the tendency of the environment to provide independent background noise realized by physical systems that are initially uncorrelated with the system under consideration rather than being finally uncorrelated this link extends ideas from the literature relating reichenbachs principle of the common cause to the second law | [['in', 'reallife', 'statistical', 'data', 'it', 'seems', 'that', 'conditional', 'probabilities', 'for', 'the', 'effect', 'given', 'their', 'causes', 'tend', 'to', 'be', 'less', 'complex', 'and', 'smoother', 'than', 'conditionals', 'for', 'causes', 'given', 'their', 'effects', 'we', 'have', 'recently', 'proposed', 'and', 'tested', 'methods', 'for', 'causal', 'inference', 'in', 'machine', 'learning', 'using', 'a', 'formalization', 'of', 'this', 'principle', 'here', 'we', 'try', 'to', 'provide', 'some', 'theoretical', 'justification', 'for', 'causal', 'inference', 'methods', 'based', 'upon', 'such', 'a', 'causally', 'asymmetric', 'interpretation', 'of', 'occams', 'razor', 'to', 'this', 'end', 'we', 'discuss', 'toy', 'models', 'of', 'causeeffect', 'relations', 'from', 'classical', 'and', 'quantum', 'physics', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'computer', 'science', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'various', 'aspects', 'of', 'complexity', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'this', 'asymmetry', 'of', 'the', 'statistical', 'dependences', 'between', 'cause', 'and', 'effect', 'has', 'a', 'thermodynamic', 'origin', 'the', 'essential', 'link', 'is', 'the', 'tendency', 'of', 'the', 'environment', 'to', 'provide', 'independent', 'background', 'noise', 'realized', 'by', 'physical', 'systems', 'that', 'are', 'initially', 'uncorrelated', 'with', 'the', 'system', 'under', 'consideration', 'rather', 'than', 'being', 'finally', 'uncorrelated', 'this', 'link', 'extends', 'ideas', 'from', 'the', 'literature', 'relating', 'reichenbachs', 'principle', 'of', 'the', 'common', 'cause', 'to', 'the', 'second', 'law']] | [-0.05185722590029014, 0.08099524992885011, -0.13266295100082504, 0.1364683171649548, -0.11536374672344236, -0.14776910283518108, 0.06980886501436488, 0.3549538399629069, -0.2600188263325077, -0.3200443140372182, 0.09611151601526548, -0.24479992691494495, -0.1824509688448443, 0.2046653095223574, -0.09307142895307731, 0.042872723021939625, 0.02235237412563892, 0.03819856080332432, -0.06592126398798868, -0.22095455433608907, 0.320097202824598, 0.08168369338382035, 0.3038090820875809, 0.02791913617508147, 0.08052597643144316, 0.004849959016692909, -0.0440349549115071, 0.05207512404374552, -0.11830481380770146, 0.12064646402881904, 0.2567644808437211, 0.18917595711003135, 0.3057545214778546, -0.44741982265629554, -0.23509860214932513, 0.12761316611316886, 0.11083057731333555, 0.12861759961780272, -0.02355245540454758, -0.2760108386095839, 0.05381646272161919, -0.1695083271585066, -0.10228252977302128, -0.07721964412255947, 0.015987672645485763, -0.012337984085421671, -0.2208743497842189, 0.10548813391378092, 0.11244622816148242, 0.08977678508469553, -0.020020914179357616, -0.11108087365106313, 0.029632424713451077, 0.1127358826357081, 0.08372580479816392, -0.010739227393148185, 0.12296336999332363, -0.10447349214474812, -0.16214444838802922, 0.3778033265328938, -0.004848426449020873, -0.20871896531263537, 0.22177054566105434, -0.10490356596031537, -0.17220285599486845, 0.056446708827702835, 0.1691639546022722, 0.046450364915874544, -0.17573002573723595, 0.03731631996872073, -0.007365157850312464, 0.12513958180506685, 0.018225262006462524, 0.06196817390507821, 0.2357799108337724, 0.1766544817975073, 0.006596017178768913, 0.14139741729084176, -0.07067577598729369, -0.14667790285523302, -0.31003611169289796, -0.12220486786893824, -0.1525929979133335, 0.04052700861498262, -0.08461514788672723, -0.15223361319213202, 0.3385853700226907, 0.23342764891902776, 0.19340334396710562, 0.05215311865040073, 0.29618943764856365, 0.10159142701039937, 0.052675755539288126, 0.05056556004353545, 0.23693552630138584, 0.14115188333389322, 0.09677964788156025, -0.16650535789279577, 0.1521419729444791, 0.002444271407457012] |
708.3412 | Observability and nonlinear filtering | This paper develops a connection between the asymptotic stability of
nonlinear filters and a notion of observability. We consider a general class of
hidden Markov models in continuous time with compact signal state space, and
call such a model observable if no two initial measures of the signal process
give rise to the same law of the observation process. We demonstrate that
observability implies stability of the filter, i.e., the filtered estimates
become insensitive to the initial measure at large times. For the special case
where the signal is a finite-state Markov process and the observations are of
the white noise type, a complete (necessary and sufficient) characterization of
filter stability is obtained in terms of a slightly weaker detectability
condition. In addition to observability, the role of controllability in filter
stability is explored. Finally, the results are partially extended to
non-compact signal state spaces.
| math.PR | this paper develops a connection between the asymptotic stability of nonlinear filters and a notion of observability we consider a general class of hidden markov models in continuous time with compact signal state space and call such a model observable if no two initial measures of the signal process give rise to the same law of the observation process we demonstrate that observability implies stability of the filter ie the filtered estimates become insensitive to the initial measure at large times for the special case where the signal is a finitestate markov process and the observations are of the white noise type a complete necessary and sufficient characterization of filter stability is obtained in terms of a slightly weaker detectability condition in addition to observability the role of controllability in filter stability is explored finally the results are partially extended to noncompact signal state spaces | [['this', 'paper', 'develops', 'a', 'connection', 'between', 'the', 'asymptotic', 'stability', 'of', 'nonlinear', 'filters', 'and', 'a', 'notion', 'of', 'observability', 'we', 'consider', 'a', 'general', 'class', 'of', 'hidden', 'markov', 'models', 'in', 'continuous', 'time', 'with', 'compact', 'signal', 'state', 'space', 'and', 'call', 'such', 'a', 'model', 'observable', 'if', 'no', 'two', 'initial', 'measures', 'of', 'the', 'signal', 'process', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'the', 'same', 'law', 'of', 'the', 'observation', 'process', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'observability', 'implies', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'filter', 'ie', 'the', 'filtered', 'estimates', 'become', 'insensitive', 'to', 'the', 'initial', 'measure', 'at', 'large', 'times', 'for', 'the', 'special', 'case', 'where', 'the', 'signal', 'is', 'a', 'finitestate', 'markov', 'process', 'and', 'the', 'observations', 'are', 'of', 'the', 'white', 'noise', 'type', 'a', 'complete', 'necessary', 'and', 'sufficient', 'characterization', 'of', 'filter', 'stability', 'is', 'obtained', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'a', 'slightly', 'weaker', 'detectability', 'condition', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'observability', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'controllability', 'in', 'filter', 'stability', 'is', 'explored', 'finally', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'partially', 'extended', 'to', 'noncompact', 'signal', 'state', 'spaces']] | [-0.14266965130408263, 0.10792446095046812, -0.08285068335204289, 0.08788572024725376, -0.062276533936503634, -0.11618002330370504, 0.028487629754115538, 0.36937857979330524, -0.26814144935844275, -0.246619183236155, 0.19484342884047534, -0.21336066320313718, -0.13539663735327537, 0.14474006493190497, -0.06171330061725116, 0.046067020025682345, 0.06872802213605107, 0.06685350048476188, -0.07097154861990491, -0.1952395626697047, 0.34188799801812475, 0.07012403415483905, 0.26754055806146615, -0.011606925661707746, 0.11516666524112225, 0.008617898760813064, -0.04477301390424114, 0.011309705878375098, -0.13676904703451295, 0.060158503631226205, 0.2065716964043406, 0.13541267671509935, 0.28414735821043624, -0.37520181817998144, -0.19138541868084977, 0.18677060471783424, 0.08399198485281446, 0.08701857306577009, -0.041609357406610044, -0.3172586652980154, 0.09169838098198946, -0.12547692878107572, -0.1363685460118898, -0.027262618945076547, -0.002315723725819382, 0.022933553589572168, -0.3253507949733015, 0.07389039937727925, 0.1421613194465894, 0.025986221925644527, -0.09128564295262612, -0.04869296317598943, -0.0440303405827104, 0.08026592302746301, 0.0035983695128755967, -0.031898552828050895, 0.07859029790450786, -0.12377987994555513, -0.09342051272698004, 0.3227907418020487, -0.1087684592380638, -0.22274380634330085, 0.19515989572773207, -0.14892112440269056, -0.15066910756687665, 0.13784251088388907, 0.18016421671571403, 0.11218376252584457, -0.14826293594749837, 0.07892016594876246, -0.023005749824745902, 0.167563410819476, 0.024292109039579998, 0.1018049462710443, 0.15627081174090313, 0.18459622125494582, 0.13638816305018706, 0.19446042704652866, -0.07223345249056302, -0.10250400059318555, -0.33376961714389397, -0.15891482275228241, -0.13954119985152422, 0.04679699145289588, -0.0775364618543696, -0.17240351006902496, 0.4062257463915338, 0.16800916316629996, 0.22124990381878512, 0.08497929618661773, 0.25232870543118696, 0.15785727424442703, -0.0190063532947659, 0.02693215896985654, 0.23461744181554892, 0.1895593003273524, 0.08515008945531886, -0.16774859431296074, 0.09843519283779736, 0.04858551366126229] |
708.3413 | Orbit semigroups and the representation type of quivers | We show that a finite, connected quiver Q without oriented cycles is a Dynkin
or Euclidean quiver if and only if all orbit semigroups of representations of Q
are saturated.
| math.RT math.RA | we show that a finite connected quiver q without oriented cycles is a dynkin or euclidean quiver if and only if all orbit semigroups of representations of q are saturated | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'a', 'finite', 'connected', 'quiver', 'q', 'without', 'oriented', 'cycles', 'is', 'a', 'dynkin', 'or', 'euclidean', 'quiver', 'if', 'and', 'only', 'if', 'all', 'orbit', 'semigroups', 'of', 'representations', 'of', 'q', 'are', 'saturated']] | [-0.21751536034668487, 0.23993928547327717, -0.061843819978336496, 0.03667317807752018, -0.131114322746483, -0.22501999440913398, 0.01923422683030367, 0.4484288528561592, -0.33050057919075093, -0.14503674867252508, 0.11767730338809392, -0.25646887710317967, -0.1514354300762837, 0.13059044451608012, -0.17122227006281415, -0.1079458177400132, 0.1625754378736019, 0.19747812252802152, -0.06973368794812511, -0.32442148207919674, 0.3914349223176638, -0.1906914273276925, 0.17863432293136913, 0.026475427858531474, 0.13144905120134354, 0.07316229579349359, 0.04778361761321624, 0.0975891047467788, -0.09172168874768734, 0.10339297453562418, 0.30114431170125805, 0.08649891098029912, 0.12771165705441187, -0.36073139052217207, -0.14920981815084816, 0.3019109944968174, 0.1905506722163409, 0.01946736654887597, 0.01983456457965076, -0.1804127937182784, 0.20746549932907024, -0.2334667180975278, -0.1490058339200914, -0.026930482902874548, 0.17607362406949204, 0.03638624008751019, -0.2750593132028977, -0.04392077387310565, 0.1332120005041361, 0.13290948150679469, -0.07640026258304715, -0.09760877536609769, -0.1856887935505559, 0.11054529483274868, -0.10027529194485396, 0.07891817719986041, 0.06928794885364671, -0.13652690776313345, -0.1774736746524771, 0.34528930867090823, 0.012943376104036968, -0.2152190691481034, 0.13036812137191495, -0.22925656503066422, -0.1179631328675896, 0.14718231571217377, 0.04887890151391427, 0.19543511408070724, 0.018330672880013783, 0.22671419127339806, -0.12038659459600846, 0.08785763697621102, 0.1202399013719211, -0.07880409960635007, 0.1954118702871104, 0.06733765369281172, 0.07475953567773104, 0.1105179388076067, 0.052975972493489586, 0.0022837532218545676, -0.36485343864187597, -0.12711905778075258, -0.12163040029117837, 0.14253354410951335, -0.1735497708893187, -0.1924520385141174, 0.29814153353994094, 0.044576529785990714, 0.19948427590231102, 0.1283350456195573, 0.20067855368057888, 0.06841067771116892, 0.06935537153234085, 0.13350647885041933, 0.09314021766185761, 0.20900122504681348, -0.14738670929024617, -0.13388737495988606, -0.03588102834376817, 0.24196070477676887] |
708.3414 | Age of the Universe, Average Deceleration Parameter and Possible
Implications for the End of Cosmology | A new expression to the total age of the Universe is derived in terms of the
average deceleration parameter. This kinematic result holds regardless of the
curvature of the universe as well as of the underlying gravity theory. It
remains valid even in the context of brane-world motivated cosmologies. Since
the present age parameter of the Universe is accurately adjusted to $H_0t_0 =
1$, it is shown that the time averaged value of the deceleration parameter is
zero. This also means that the cosmic age today is exactly the one predicted by
a relativistic flat cosmological model filled by K-matter, a fluid satisfying
the equation of state $p = -{{1/3}}\rho$. By assuming the validity of this
relation (in an average long time meaning), it is argued that the decelerating
stages of the expansion must exactly be compensated by the accelerated phases,
as if the observed Universe coasts forever. If this is true, the present
accelerating stage must be followed by a subsequent decelerating phase as
predicted by some recent scalar field and brane-world motivated cosmologies.
| astro-ph gr-qc | a new expression to the total age of the universe is derived in terms of the average deceleration parameter this kinematic result holds regardless of the curvature of the universe as well as of the underlying gravity theory it remains valid even in the context of braneworld motivated cosmologies since the present age parameter of the universe is accurately adjusted to h_0t_0 1 it is shown that the time averaged value of the deceleration parameter is zero this also means that the cosmic age today is exactly the one predicted by a relativistic flat cosmological model filled by kmatter a fluid satisfying the equation of state p 13rho by assuming the validity of this relation in an average long time meaning it is argued that the decelerating stages of the expansion must exactly be compensated by the accelerated phases as if the observed universe coasts forever if this is true the present accelerating stage must be followed by a subsequent decelerating phase as predicted by some recent scalar field and braneworld motivated cosmologies | [['a', 'new', 'expression', 'to', 'the', 'total', 'age', 'of', 'the', 'universe', 'is', 'derived', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'average', 'deceleration', 'parameter', 'this', 'kinematic', 'result', 'holds', 'regardless', 'of', 'the', 'curvature', 'of', 'the', 'universe', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'of', 'the', 'underlying', 'gravity', 'theory', 'it', 'remains', 'valid', 'even', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'braneworld', 'motivated', 'cosmologies', 'since', 'the', 'present', 'age', 'parameter', 'of', 'the', 'universe', 'is', 'accurately', 'adjusted', 'to', 'h_0t_0', '1', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'time', 'averaged', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'deceleration', 'parameter', 'is', 'zero', 'this', 'also', 'means', 'that', 'the', 'cosmic', 'age', 'today', 'is', 'exactly', 'the', 'one', 'predicted', 'by', 'a', 'relativistic', 'flat', 'cosmological', 'model', 'filled', 'by', 'kmatter', 'a', 'fluid', 'satisfying', 'the', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'p', '13rho', 'by', 'assuming', 'the', 'validity', 'of', 'this', 'relation', 'in', 'an', 'average', 'long', 'time', 'meaning', 'it', 'is', 'argued', 'that', 'the', 'decelerating', 'stages', 'of', 'the', 'expansion', 'must', 'exactly', 'be', 'compensated', 'by', 'the', 'accelerated', 'phases', 'as', 'if', 'the', 'observed', 'universe', 'coasts', 'forever', 'if', 'this', 'is', 'true', 'the', 'present', 'accelerating', 'stage', 'must', 'be', 'followed', 'by', 'a', 'subsequent', 'decelerating', 'phase', 'as', 'predicted', 'by', 'some', 'recent', 'scalar', 'field', 'and', 'braneworld', 'motivated', 'cosmologies']] | [-0.12091829247547352, 0.18338182165189743, -0.12047138197990188, 0.08965497391164978, -0.06563931454534026, -0.1070848556769173, -0.020644640735873396, 0.3126820104675945, -0.24791754203799524, -0.30946595369557695, 0.08511301834471197, -0.19045911072508284, -0.06899660671053574, 0.15046441615341308, -0.02795420974841592, -0.012979250564648393, 0.0060927484127317084, 0.07190747789995015, -0.026297092903405428, -0.2786347455405004, 0.3320981228141365, 0.11915643139312054, 0.2216019816152011, -0.001419741563684149, 0.12562949990319927, -0.07204294517058989, -0.009947197528131176, 0.06687774759246178, -0.1638415057302915, 0.014538430173442923, 0.2034578753515468, 0.15085755648058757, 0.2740794023477107, -0.3875794980609626, -0.26525926014697127, 0.13239276323539656, 0.1788511210889147, 0.11181107166424742, -0.04343254212834682, -0.26611588315558976, 0.05767320351925684, -0.18206412993420504, -0.1811333124591201, 0.0028190018434883558, 0.05531247718088133, -0.04989596123654635, -0.2190296985535768, 0.16839113061051483, 0.028191145786563513, -0.03252420053076631, -0.09861987735259167, -0.05536271793746025, -0.016540385084226727, 0.07472274838320432, 0.11630439010179161, 0.06854365609602578, 0.09663515601154657, -0.14347433365203374, -0.05709158676221684, 0.4131925290733663, -0.10653634637877432, -0.13413829627659238, 0.09265018857291175, -0.17486448419746353, -0.07406323800361797, 0.09405802383103914, 0.05085148071946456, 0.11070054492297751, -0.13770168865567933, 0.13240039152364186, 0.0043687081694254405, 0.16221077666122313, 0.08077584083494321, -0.029899252815531532, 0.25512187866962444, 0.141687266324369, 0.010393480109922283, 0.08468699469421691, -0.021899095028420988, -0.09712739751423789, -0.3540562674000162, -0.16548147207746902, -0.20490757539617824, 0.06398769526617133, -0.14503306639440322, -0.15226643021155165, 0.3705227216651217, 0.12475774264004291, 0.2057152554714148, 0.025443223559662526, 0.2927711591701846, 0.10162972379203515, 0.01019782089622833, 0.10150139959126014, 0.3017837756447159, 0.10861478580096573, 0.11435609450699946, -0.20518619654024814, 0.11004311421801669, 0.052241423902542966] |
708.3415 | Immersed Turnovers In Hyperbolic 3-Orbifolds | We show that any immersion, which is not a covering of an embedded
2-orbifold, of a totally geodesic hyperbolic turnover in a complete orientable
hyperbolic 3-orbifold is contained in a hyperbolic 3-suborbifold with totally
geodesic boundary, called the "turnover core,'' whose volume is bounded from
above by a function depending only on the area of the given turnover.
Furthermore, we show that, for a given type of turnover, there are only
finitely many possibilities for the turnover core. As a corollary, if the
volume of a complete orientable hyperbolic 3-orbifold is at least 2\pi and if
the fundamental group of the orbifold contains the fundamental group of a
hyperbolic turnover (i.e., a triangle group), then the orbifold contains an
embedded hyperbolic turnover.
| math.GT | we show that any immersion which is not a covering of an embedded 2orbifold of a totally geodesic hyperbolic turnover in a complete orientable hyperbolic 3orbifold is contained in a hyperbolic 3suborbifold with totally geodesic boundary called the turnover core whose volume is bounded from above by a function depending only on the area of the given turnover furthermore we show that for a given type of turnover there are only finitely many possibilities for the turnover core as a corollary if the volume of a complete orientable hyperbolic 3orbifold is at least 2pi and if the fundamental group of the orbifold contains the fundamental group of a hyperbolic turnover ie a triangle group then the orbifold contains an embedded hyperbolic turnover | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'any', 'immersion', 'which', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'covering', 'of', 'an', 'embedded', '2orbifold', 'of', 'a', 'totally', 'geodesic', 'hyperbolic', 'turnover', 'in', 'a', 'complete', 'orientable', 'hyperbolic', '3orbifold', 'is', 'contained', 'in', 'a', 'hyperbolic', '3suborbifold', 'with', 'totally', 'geodesic', 'boundary', 'called', 'the', 'turnover', 'core', 'whose', 'volume', 'is', 'bounded', 'from', 'above', 'by', 'a', 'function', 'depending', 'only', 'on', 'the', 'area', 'of', 'the', 'given', 'turnover', 'furthermore', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'for', 'a', 'given', 'type', 'of', 'turnover', 'there', 'are', 'only', 'finitely', 'many', 'possibilities', 'for', 'the', 'turnover', 'core', 'as', 'a', 'corollary', 'if', 'the', 'volume', 'of', 'a', 'complete', 'orientable', 'hyperbolic', '3orbifold', 'is', 'at', 'least', '2pi', 'and', 'if', 'the', 'fundamental', 'group', 'of', 'the', 'orbifold', 'contains', 'the', 'fundamental', 'group', 'of', 'a', 'hyperbolic', 'turnover', 'ie', 'a', 'triangle', 'group', 'then', 'the', 'orbifold', 'contains', 'an', 'embedded', 'hyperbolic', 'turnover']] | [-0.1869304671514133, 0.14357800101154206, -0.09803186309685515, 0.05395081364896056, -0.10429436381336701, -0.09657151000343325, 0.019004752825799377, 0.34851374877385854, -0.2741095558393839, -0.22730101125453375, 0.1548232723562401, -0.29228436549709846, -0.13290826876624678, 0.22032988998530942, -0.12084072388704743, -0.0664155356747614, 0.056956808125092226, 0.14953154658760168, -0.04176827044176199, -0.18025222513055014, 0.3789213409354864, -0.10182317181621209, 0.1910332176634226, 0.11824130717942044, 0.17301505915281817, -0.04477668693289161, -0.004175823997736962, 0.08700849900160693, -0.13328453868087323, 0.10624864726896929, 0.2369101490548327, 0.062245160983952365, 0.21805032388853632, -0.3506258628061734, -0.209941639718869, 0.18759246854003797, 0.15167423335004074, -0.02468845818272584, -0.07420415353233933, -0.21129335466895469, 0.10110952207156695, -0.10579376927892531, -0.20355889953919187, 0.055614722719462203, 0.0942184437558917, -0.024057640886503803, -0.17323086651480826, 0.05527491068606041, 0.0988359525203243, 0.10243733518195054, -0.02389501878021916, -0.04993215692421991, -0.10531274799626968, 0.14940668511192876, -0.02415814314591737, 0.04601212149324311, 0.10329936790349316, -0.060035153026096064, -0.06078331241353361, 0.41346368921751325, -0.08239942982269466, -0.24899216567373966, 0.14077371424294946, -0.18617205633127615, -0.17721715520236117, 0.22234037403240492, 0.12104158987837636, 0.1300255697824769, -0.06221487837235543, 0.16024832179614013, -0.12765607173835536, 0.18668316614098293, 0.0871836917728863, -0.09283749578320537, 0.17589745348057717, 0.18059631733008283, 0.15685237559618828, 0.11944007046024262, -0.022264747168437755, -0.023798966118373163, -0.4070055104853693, -0.19683149884154727, -0.18048165356817325, 0.1637405385091287, -0.11630362075595242, -0.25384468644518743, 0.39320853287892893, -0.057143997654996136, 0.17244355748446027, 0.14230843561928536, 0.25158991966365785, 0.07497388659206734, 0.10092842024712523, 0.1597943167425384, 0.152789938044234, 0.11336374961124533, -0.06109850701668169, -0.15725738437623094, -0.021537014306330485, 0.12301836430308244] |
708.3416 | Does Simple Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model Account for High-Tc
Superconductivity in Copper Oxides? | We reexamine whether the essence of high-Tc superconductivity is contained in
doped Hubbard models on the square lattice by using recently developed
pre-projected Gaussian-basis Monte Carlo method. The superconducting
correlations of the dx2-y2 wave symmetry in the ground state at distance r
decays essentially as inverse cubic of r. The upper bound of the correlation at
long distances estimated by this unbiased method is 0.001, indicating that
recent extensions of dynamical mean-field theories and variational methods
yielded at least an order of magnitude overestimates of it. The correlations
are too weak for the realistic account of the cuprate high-Tc
superconductivity.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con | we reexamine whether the essence of hightc superconductivity is contained in doped hubbard models on the square lattice by using recently developed preprojected gaussianbasis monte carlo method the superconducting correlations of the dx2y2 wave symmetry in the ground state at distance r decays essentially as inverse cubic of r the upper bound of the correlation at long distances estimated by this unbiased method is 0001 indicating that recent extensions of dynamical meanfield theories and variational methods yielded at least an order of magnitude overestimates of it the correlations are too weak for the realistic account of the cuprate hightc superconductivity | [['we', 'reexamine', 'whether', 'the', 'essence', 'of', 'hightc', 'superconductivity', 'is', 'contained', 'in', 'doped', 'hubbard', 'models', 'on', 'the', 'square', 'lattice', 'by', 'using', 'recently', 'developed', 'preprojected', 'gaussianbasis', 'monte', 'carlo', 'method', 'the', 'superconducting', 'correlations', 'of', 'the', 'dx2y2', 'wave', 'symmetry', 'in', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'at', 'distance', 'r', 'decays', 'essentially', 'as', 'inverse', 'cubic', 'of', 'r', 'the', 'upper', 'bound', 'of', 'the', 'correlation', 'at', 'long', 'distances', 'estimated', 'by', 'this', 'unbiased', 'method', 'is', '0001', 'indicating', 'that', 'recent', 'extensions', 'of', 'dynamical', 'meanfield', 'theories', 'and', 'variational', 'methods', 'yielded', 'at', 'least', 'an', 'order', 'of', 'magnitude', 'overestimates', 'of', 'it', 'the', 'correlations', 'are', 'too', 'weak', 'for', 'the', 'realistic', 'account', 'of', 'the', 'cuprate', 'hightc', 'superconductivity']] | [-0.1257386232980273, 0.15224383136794334, -0.058557571043646096, 0.1328624319155804, -0.00833546816173828, -0.13469640545269493, 0.06400417659379956, 0.3469143844106131, -0.23173253206216327, -0.27394955628786727, 0.0375075149890788, -0.3539850632707127, -0.071427466060891, 0.15372614494308529, 0.08144074874313317, 0.05515864374341838, -0.01557336894400192, -0.008737353015352379, -0.1757836426076752, -0.3053553067335878, 0.2869863778051704, 0.05748794499003902, 0.2897612316994881, 0.05973239984560871, 0.06724038100189934, 0.0222230536270548, 0.06946078445197958, 0.019433470941477952, -0.1861447476376362, 0.09175950001379607, 0.22958875858070443, -0.013124696237759458, 0.23909411073257827, -0.40203180102010566, -0.23871935218233953, 0.04741093789161456, 0.15049712910702584, 0.1367520635307889, -0.014840678276607034, -0.29935846603804767, 0.041993146710511714, -0.16420931200205227, -0.12281199297726605, -0.0622469013906084, 0.013149904365877084, -0.013132159438247632, -0.25299713779428995, 0.14679696728978683, 0.03461598088780202, 0.1072757692717726, -0.02976662725341892, -0.17024071349038017, -0.027013458324492805, 0.013744535432620482, 0.055139146965100534, 0.08237184085083579, 0.046724190454544366, -0.10079882566986437, -0.10706321139187279, 0.33548123481674025, -0.0421051818482352, -0.07496524661911105, 0.154217073552762, -0.15124639948698307, -0.09886084784367921, 0.15167648500452438, 0.09932399846876812, 0.10128599263238486, -0.15359379196389003, 0.13185369360644014, -0.04690834050136736, 0.1821990144636595, -0.008089099283979245, 0.06502462226916293, 0.22851397438595691, 0.20751920004723348, 0.05627201188995381, 0.0940811866094744, -0.12338190740021417, -0.07598534641279416, -0.27802378123607296, -0.10725128240330671, -0.26331609806441, 0.03244523119902817, -0.08118772375937716, -0.18468819187972882, 0.3565111400917022, 0.20387901169144446, 0.14311329407071827, -0.01784953497575991, 0.22400157972041404, 0.09848592435409588, 0.08426257549676894, 0.06250057770103931, 0.276491945063827, 0.18043214890804857, 0.02697052624114234, -0.27871308751601837, 0.1205945589657252, 0.12099132187443437] |
708.3417 | Generation of the second-harmonic Bessel beams via nonlinear Bragg
diffraction | We generate conical second-harmonic radiation by transverse excitation of a
two-dimensional annular periodically-poled nonlinear photonic structure with a
fundamental Gaussian beam. We show that these conical waves are the far-field
images of the Bessel beams generated in a crystal by parametric frequency
conversion assisted by nonlinear Bragg diffraction.
| nlin.PS nlin.AO | we generate conical secondharmonic radiation by transverse excitation of a twodimensional annular periodicallypoled nonlinear photonic structure with a fundamental gaussian beam we show that these conical waves are the farfield images of the bessel beams generated in a crystal by parametric frequency conversion assisted by nonlinear bragg diffraction | [['we', 'generate', 'conical', 'secondharmonic', 'radiation', 'by', 'transverse', 'excitation', 'of', 'a', 'twodimensional', 'annular', 'periodicallypoled', 'nonlinear', 'photonic', 'structure', 'with', 'a', 'fundamental', 'gaussian', 'beam', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'these', 'conical', 'waves', 'are', 'the', 'farfield', 'images', 'of', 'the', 'bessel', 'beams', 'generated', 'in', 'a', 'crystal', 'by', 'parametric', 'frequency', 'conversion', 'assisted', 'by', 'nonlinear', 'bragg', 'diffraction']] | [-0.1513260846356085, 0.25570857553005527, -0.05442518321797252, 0.003073296829825267, -0.105097971586171, -0.10180641414869267, -0.06512105552246794, 0.5572618911974132, -0.28625951590947807, -0.16957732388012423, 0.010406029514948992, -0.2541790447042634, -0.14867618039716035, 0.2680821945347513, 0.061837845928190895, 0.16686805502589172, 0.017844583523886588, -0.11812965592253022, 0.018500109828892164, -0.04974418399797287, 0.3411709259574612, 0.03389413235709071, 0.3772695377313842, -0.02593216284488638, 0.13308800867040796, 0.04863615634773547, 0.045583022894182555, -0.07518114103004336, -0.13599659947870654, 0.1204491621950486, 0.24981830862816423, -0.03922210082722207, 0.21444722248998005, -0.4564528899888198, -0.30471760251869756, -0.0022406664987405143, 0.1191454578123133, 0.1378152872202918, -0.15849333997660628, -0.3035037682469313, 0.0008562927638801435, -0.05942968748665104, -0.1638468991247161, -0.05099528249896442, -0.14348830170880925, 0.10429100865803775, -0.28557612077202066, 0.070520034544946, 0.11577173609596987, 0.07238035264890641, 0.017621168022742495, 0.020330781587593567, -0.09003466958529316, -0.08417536883886594, -0.06633369213280578, -0.023133611345353227, 0.11554664938012138, -0.1617203284634646, -0.16156673268415034, 0.38631537131611066, -0.0832938207895495, -0.17529482448784015, 0.03927853781109055, -0.2660096248825236, 0.07443670376233058, 0.27263412209382903, 0.19832415003596301, 0.10060299874263971, -0.09750230593757199, -0.011670407402561978, -0.08350470607789855, 0.20478786268116286, 0.32100606052942265, 0.04123469455710923, 0.2523466829249325, 0.13844293064903468, -0.009659355389885604, 0.22862917536015934, -0.17120604343169057, 0.016966216809426744, -0.28460532599516836, -0.09845004075517257, -0.20146399623869607, 0.09000047321508949, -0.0568379957403522, -0.16474154343207678, 0.43313603749265894, 0.008848549778728435, 0.09247720478257786, -0.06893568284188707, 0.3542874277336523, 0.16761257561544576, 0.06921935531621178, -0.03561103100461575, 0.2886434475464436, 0.1809756502188975, 0.09418508771341294, -0.28076424457443255, -0.12683753370462605, -0.0035177345659273365] |
708.3418 | Quiver coefficients of Dynkin type | We study the Grothendieck classes of quiver cycles, i.e. invariant closed
subvarieties of the representation space of a quiver. For quivers without
oriented loops we show that the class of a quiver cycle is determined by quiver
coefficients, which generalize the earlier studied quiver coefficients for
equioriented quivers of type A. We conjecture that quiver coefficients satisfy
positivity and finiteness properties. Our main result is a formula for the
quiver coefficients for orbit closures of Dynkin type with rational
singularities, which confirms the finiteness conjecture. This formula is based
on Reineke's desingularization of such orbit closures. For quivers of type A3,
we give positive combinatorial formulas for the quiver coefficients, which
confirm the full conjecture. We also interpret quiver coefficients as formulas
for degeneracy loci defined by quivers of vector bundle maps.
| math.AG math.CO math.RT | we study the grothendieck classes of quiver cycles ie invariant closed subvarieties of the representation space of a quiver for quivers without oriented loops we show that the class of a quiver cycle is determined by quiver coefficients which generalize the earlier studied quiver coefficients for equioriented quivers of type a we conjecture that quiver coefficients satisfy positivity and finiteness properties our main result is a formula for the quiver coefficients for orbit closures of dynkin type with rational singularities which confirms the finiteness conjecture this formula is based on reinekes desingularization of such orbit closures for quivers of type a3 we give positive combinatorial formulas for the quiver coefficients which confirm the full conjecture we also interpret quiver coefficients as formulas for degeneracy loci defined by quivers of vector bundle maps | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'grothendieck', 'classes', 'of', 'quiver', 'cycles', 'ie', 'invariant', 'closed', 'subvarieties', 'of', 'the', 'representation', 'space', 'of', 'a', 'quiver', 'for', 'quivers', 'without', 'oriented', 'loops', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'class', 'of', 'a', 'quiver', 'cycle', 'is', 'determined', 'by', 'quiver', 'coefficients', 'which', 'generalize', 'the', 'earlier', 'studied', 'quiver', 'coefficients', 'for', 'equioriented', 'quivers', 'of', 'type', 'a', 'we', 'conjecture', 'that', 'quiver', 'coefficients', 'satisfy', 'positivity', 'and', 'finiteness', 'properties', 'our', 'main', 'result', 'is', 'a', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'quiver', 'coefficients', 'for', 'orbit', 'closures', 'of', 'dynkin', 'type', 'with', 'rational', 'singularities', 'which', 'confirms', 'the', 'finiteness', 'conjecture', 'this', 'formula', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'reinekes', 'desingularization', 'of', 'such', 'orbit', 'closures', 'for', 'quivers', 'of', 'type', 'a3', 'we', 'give', 'positive', 'combinatorial', 'formulas', 'for', 'the', 'quiver', 'coefficients', 'which', 'confirm', 'the', 'full', 'conjecture', 'we', 'also', 'interpret', 'quiver', 'coefficients', 'as', 'formulas', 'for', 'degeneracy', 'loci', 'defined', 'by', 'quivers', 'of', 'vector', 'bundle', 'maps']] | [-0.1940773640279517, 0.06495099736617482, -0.07576902683076421, 0.09718523960680503, -0.13875647213761555, -0.19023774297569285, -0.0027259899105763798, 0.3098287758219874, -0.3126288149082525, -0.18839841178674815, 0.06910811538039001, -0.16994553150531524, -0.20540884828237307, 0.1602012849003641, -0.1965696853318756, -0.044748932546512646, 0.11847663110750022, 0.06854376114664995, -0.09064407414966395, -0.32677772935395216, 0.43473428981660894, -0.07344939740494627, 0.21423605267861576, 0.08287759522632272, 0.13750652355762819, 0.08960566050231908, -0.023898687397873306, -0.0162202546650378, -0.19702161118711406, 0.14612511768196287, 0.29180584508646984, 0.06948018845551732, 0.06380634064870802, -0.35318145378859656, -0.13964636535313207, 0.2104701837171998, 0.17954677642167857, 0.07403823504115059, 0.004471149594544179, -0.21781804277138275, 0.11260536645369773, -0.1955620845370559, -0.27026226068141335, -0.06034959643500659, 0.12994913571288413, 0.05359815084904602, -0.2796205152919742, 0.00015284403057056338, 0.08682991565332156, 0.17888043204915116, -0.14004184083067672, -0.13380879053323896, -0.10581851551471504, 0.07843263180235005, -0.013709325440383205, 0.013821220830626165, 0.04808517848229685, -0.13627174992474134, -0.19923572762777578, 0.2900726505463491, -0.03338606653657431, -0.2183038182669076, 0.09591469263382764, -0.1414832112407594, -0.23352076766384539, 0.13682486037512057, 0.021481243096235576, 0.18424519450072144, 0.009803320252985664, 0.1884248888496641, -0.14784435031822685, -0.014206461765394179, 0.1457891874368105, -0.0021649743077542744, 0.18763713677639537, 0.03170708402423329, 0.006267358351385955, 0.15026003582699393, 0.04175066160016947, -0.053619063632195874, -0.37669535990889097, -0.19201891649175773, -0.07042794037525626, 0.1264736328457454, -0.1626315708482721, -0.19225252423237896, 0.3756151939354216, 0.05795080514596493, 0.20871594033881344, 0.21069325847025594, 0.16596846228860546, 0.10224783377347965, 0.10021730316679389, -0.031169174694117497, 0.11356498171737643, 0.27447638652555534, -0.056868769326353104, -0.17638403561431915, -0.014713330535662615, 0.3537778475914489] |
708.3419 | Brownian-time Brownian motion SIEs on $\Rp\times\Rd$: Ultra Regular
direct and lattice-limits solutions and fourth order SPDEs links | We delve deeper into the compelling regularizing effect of the Brownian-time
Brownian motion density, $\KBtxy$, on the space-time-white-noise-driven
stochastic integral equation we call BTBM SIE, which we recently introduced. In
sharp contrast to second order heat-based SPDEs--whose real-valued mild
solutions are confined to $d=1$--we prove the existence of solutions to the
BTBM SIE in $d=1,2,3$ with dimension-dependent and striking Holder regularity,
under both less than Lipschitz and Lipschitz conditions. In space, we show an
unprecedented nearly local Lipschitz regularity for $d=1,2$--roughly, the SIE
is spatially twice as regular as the Brownian sheet in these dimensions--and
nearly local H\"older 1/2 regularity in d=3. In time, our solutions are locally
H\"older continuous with exponent $\gamma\in(0,(4-d)/(8))$ for $1\le d\le3$. To
investigate our SIE, we (a) introduce the Brownian-time random walk and we use
it to formulate the spatial lattice version of the BTBM SIE; and (b) develop a
delicate variant of Stroock-Varadhan martingale approach, the K-martingale
approach, tailor-made for a wide variety of kernel SIEs including BTBM SIEs and
the mild forms of many SPDEs of different orders on the lattice. Here,
solutions types to our SIE are both direct and limits of their lattice version.
The BTBM SIE is intimately connected to intriguing fourth order SPDEs in two
ways. First, we show that it is connected to the diagonals of a new
unconventional fourth order SPDE we call parametrized BTBM SPDE. Second,
replacing $\KBtxy$ by the intimately connected kernel of our recently
introduced imaginary-Brownian time-Brownian-angle process (IBTBAP), our SIE
becomes the mild form of a Kuramoto-Sivashinsky SPDE with linear PDE part.
Ideas developed here are adapted in separate papers to give a new approach, via
our explicit IBTBAP representation, to many KS-type SPDEs in multi spatial
dimensions.
| math.PR math.AP math.NA | we delve deeper into the compelling regularizing effect of the browniantime brownian motion density kbtxy on the spacetimewhitenoisedriven stochastic integral equation we call btbm sie which we recently introduced in sharp contrast to second order heatbased spdeswhose realvalued mild solutions are confined to d1we prove the existence of solutions to the btbm sie in d123 with dimensiondependent and striking holder regularity under both less than lipschitz and lipschitz conditions in space we show an unprecedented nearly local lipschitz regularity for d12roughly the sie is spatially twice as regular as the brownian sheet in these dimensionsand nearly local holder 12 regularity in d3 in time our solutions are locally holder continuous with exponent gammain04d8 for 1le dle3 to investigate our sie we a introduce the browniantime random walk and we use it to formulate the spatial lattice version of the btbm sie and b develop a delicate variant of stroockvaradhan martingale approach the kmartingale approach tailormade for a wide variety of kernel sies including btbm sies and the mild forms of many spdes of different orders on the lattice here solutions types to our sie are both direct and limits of their lattice version the btbm sie is intimately connected to intriguing fourth order spdes in two ways first we show that it is connected to the diagonals of a new unconventional fourth order spde we call parametrized btbm spde second replacing kbtxy by the intimately connected kernel of our recently introduced imaginarybrownian timebrownianangle process ibtbap our sie becomes the mild form of a kuramotosivashinsky spde with linear pde part ideas developed here are adapted in separate papers to give a new approach via our explicit ibtbap representation to many kstype spdes in multi spatial dimensions | [['we', 'delve', 'deeper', 'into', 'the', 'compelling', 'regularizing', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'browniantime', 'brownian', 'motion', 'density', 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708.342 | Effect of linear density of states on the quasi-particle dynamics and
small electron-phonon coupling in graphite | We obtained the spectral function of very high quality natural graphite
single crystals using angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). A
clear separation of non-bonding and bonding bands and asymmetric lineshape are
observed. The asymmetric lineshapes are well accounted for by the finite
photoelectron escape depth and the band structure. The extracted width of the
spectral function (inverse of the photohole life time) near the K point is,
beyond the maximum phonon energy, approximately proportional to the energy as
expected from the linear density of states near the Fermi energy. The upper
bound for the electron-phonon coupling constant is about 0.2, a much smaller
value than the previously reported one.
| cond-mat.str-el | we obtained the spectral function of very high quality natural graphite single crystals using angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy arpes a clear separation of nonbonding and bonding bands and asymmetric lineshape are observed the asymmetric lineshapes are well accounted for by the finite photoelectron escape depth and the band structure the extracted width of the spectral function inverse of the photohole life time near the k point is beyond the maximum phonon energy approximately proportional to the energy as expected from the linear density of states near the fermi energy the upper bound for the electronphonon coupling constant is about 02 a much smaller value than the previously reported one | [['we', 'obtained', 'the', 'spectral', 'function', 'of', 'very', 'high', 'quality', 'natural', 'graphite', 'single', 'crystals', 'using', 'angle', 'resolved', 'photoelectron', 'spectroscopy', 'arpes', 'a', 'clear', 'separation', 'of', 'nonbonding', 'and', 'bonding', 'bands', 'and', 'asymmetric', 'lineshape', 'are', 'observed', 'the', 'asymmetric', 'lineshapes', 'are', 'well', 'accounted', 'for', 'by', 'the', 'finite', 'photoelectron', 'escape', 'depth', 'and', 'the', 'band', 'structure', 'the', 'extracted', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'spectral', 'function', 'inverse', 'of', 'the', 'photohole', 'life', 'time', 'near', 'the', 'k', 'point', 'is', 'beyond', 'the', 'maximum', 'phonon', 'energy', 'approximately', 'proportional', 'to', 'the', 'energy', 'as', 'expected', 'from', 'the', 'linear', 'density', 'of', 'states', 'near', 'the', 'fermi', 'energy', 'the', 'upper', 'bound', 'for', 'the', 'electronphonon', 'coupling', 'constant', 'is', 'about', '02', 'a', 'much', 'smaller', 'value', 'than', 'the', 'previously', 'reported', 'one']] | [-0.09718068657333988, 0.15372056517976448, -0.0671435591653673, 0.10656128256205777, -0.03317292794209281, -0.13669618773658615, 0.10166819065535834, 0.39546439291721364, -0.2890026950287534, -0.3409338908594683, 0.0001431240084999745, -0.32877980422126046, -0.045457019041283825, 0.17985118915158144, 0.06991577108279554, 0.05934392810914529, 0.015069109977248613, 0.0016511403400143352, -0.10855789427055952, -0.13121976674782163, 0.2801991224015525, 0.13174364570135233, 0.29232547560347877, 0.12836734276401615, 0.0351972196917605, 0.03047854366387591, 0.04505484284183711, 0.0030742165538559267, -0.17726232882572013, 0.09086354167591525, 0.24671073033850333, -0.024947935168486122, 0.19479170754560432, -0.3550675119692033, -0.2166610395550779, 0.03700994577156294, 0.1346062376973467, 0.07818886283528778, -0.00431285277137174, -0.2534361228073409, 0.024822868077819228, -0.08830231094920854, -0.14429355641280156, -0.002291172675557708, 0.009032989561626124, -0.01360837170542346, -0.20609379247730222, 0.13926733909772898, 0.0015646331279256611, 0.06580175043039937, -0.11658342538931228, -0.19087934242817786, -0.09955678659559596, 0.05045317687572689, 0.02147518134613974, 0.029984150363832986, 0.16248044235751444, -0.11088808474276181, -0.047587068371235504, 0.3635735733930124, -0.10891985708546992, -0.06445288476576909, 0.13625289615106964, -0.21469329563695766, -0.02393652474904997, 0.25252032539713276, 0.07866198517843534, 0.11623084793772993, -0.0947146124442518, 0.06373283540917594, -0.027802693026371027, 0.20902755414055652, 0.11480173386565042, 0.10182091387398882, 0.2116156000549982, 0.14315851248903286, 0.06540588334142956, 0.09073181267520157, -0.18664396585845347, -0.027466230491740167, -0.2575585929283855, -0.11775675122551364, -0.2590062769403288, 0.07065895280305194, -0.09490514322733527, -0.1476614256004948, 0.41033824358067106, 0.03818799970551915, 0.23615179219445503, 0.03025552593470645, 0.27560100776203184, 0.20995657649126176, 0.08824848138231682, 0.04365811942982564, 0.28864023878897, 0.14785820126550597, 0.09548886590679988, -0.2927462486689056, 0.07357615208543769, -0.02958544151678066] |
708.3421 | Internal solitary waves in the ocean: Analysis using the periodic,
inverse scattering transform | The periodic, inverse scattering transform (PIST) is a powerful analytical
tool in the theory of integrable, nonlinear evolution equations. Osborne
pioneered the use of the PIST in the analysis of data form inherently nonlinear
physical processes. In particular, Osborne's so-called nonlinear Fourier
analysis has been successfully used in the study of waves whose dynamics are
(to a good approximation) governed by the Korteweg--de Vries equation. In this
paper, the mathematical details and a new application of the PIST are
discussed. The numerical aspects of and difficulties in obtaining the nonlinear
Fourier (i.e., PIST) spectrum of a physical data set are also addressed. In
particular, an improved bracketing of the "spectral eigenvalues" (i.e., the
+/-1 crossings of the Floquet discriminant) and a new root-finding algorithm
for computing the latter are proposed. Finally, it is shown how the PIST can be
used to gain insightful information about the phenomenon of soliton-induced
acoustic resonances, by computing the nonlinear Fourier spectrum of a data set
from a simulation of internal solitary wave generation and propagation in the
Yellow Sea.
| physics.flu-dyn physics.geo-ph | the periodic inverse scattering transform pist is a powerful analytical tool in the theory of integrable nonlinear evolution equations osborne pioneered the use of the pist in the analysis of data form inherently nonlinear physical processes in particular osbornes socalled nonlinear fourier analysis has been successfully used in the study of waves whose dynamics are to a good approximation governed by the kortewegde vries equation in this paper the mathematical details and a new application of the pist are discussed the numerical aspects of and difficulties in obtaining the nonlinear fourier ie pist spectrum of a physical data set are also addressed in particular an improved bracketing of the spectral eigenvalues ie the 1 crossings of the floquet discriminant and a new rootfinding algorithm for computing the latter are proposed finally it is shown how the pist can be used to gain insightful information about the phenomenon of solitoninduced acoustic resonances by computing the nonlinear fourier spectrum of a data set from a simulation of internal solitary wave generation and propagation in the yellow sea | [['the', 'periodic', 'inverse', 'scattering', 'transform', 'pist', 'is', 'a', 'powerful', 'analytical', 'tool', 'in', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'integrable', 'nonlinear', 'evolution', 'equations', 'osborne', 'pioneered', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'the', 'pist', 'in', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'data', 'form', 'inherently', 'nonlinear', 'physical', 'processes', 'in', 'particular', 'osbornes', 'socalled', 'nonlinear', 'fourier', 'analysis', 'has', 'been', 'successfully', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'waves', 'whose', 'dynamics', 'are', 'to', 'a', 'good', 'approximation', 'governed', 'by', 'the', 'kortewegde', 'vries', 'equation', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'the', 'mathematical', 'details', 'and', 'a', 'new', 'application', 'of', 'the', 'pist', 'are', 'discussed', 'the', 'numerical', 'aspects', 'of', 'and', 'difficulties', 'in', 'obtaining', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'fourier', 'ie', 'pist', 'spectrum', 'of', 'a', 'physical', 'data', 'set', 'are', 'also', 'addressed', 'in', 'particular', 'an', 'improved', 'bracketing', 'of', 'the', 'spectral', 'eigenvalues', 'ie', 'the', '1', 'crossings', 'of', 'the', 'floquet', 'discriminant', 'and', 'a', 'new', 'rootfinding', 'algorithm', 'for', 'computing', 'the', 'latter', 'are', 'proposed', 'finally', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'how', 'the', 'pist', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'gain', 'insightful', 'information', 'about', 'the', 'phenomenon', 'of', 'solitoninduced', 'acoustic', 'resonances', 'by', 'computing', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'fourier', 'spectrum', 'of', 'a', 'data', 'set', 'from', 'a', 'simulation', 'of', 'internal', 'solitary', 'wave', 'generation', 'and', 'propagation', 'in', 'the', 'yellow', 'sea']] | [-0.1097181819319459, 0.06429597567043467, -0.13903897111969335, 0.10423161235172301, -0.09957043343356678, -0.09121373228030279, -0.01761282324059201, 0.29662172193505937, -0.28489680677652357, -0.2576038472567286, 0.14062517432762045, -0.27082728012864077, -0.21682049358795796, 0.23426048176895295, -0.0137264803477696, 0.1276147841143289, 0.04786560151592961, 0.006810445325183017, -0.0325558186482106, -0.18487031829144274, 0.312888010829421, 0.05572605734907224, 0.26923796285342955, 0.02702192883672459, 0.09104676880141986, 0.010639459522041891, -0.05336997569405607, -0.027130986696242223, -0.11279036671654986, 0.13897822894954256, 0.2631348418231521, 0.1103008425382099, 0.2696569524785238, -0.42560813228998867, -0.23456263551621565, 0.059850619723355133, 0.18413881627576692, 0.10862046518762197, -0.055197847882019625, -0.2924333505199424, 0.040936028898826665, -0.1198398362791964, -0.17325917316866773, -0.08443422351830772, 0.017195831721515526, 0.045034693862518384, -0.2525102688887689, 0.07952031370194163, 0.05962971524202398, 0.04474319968904768, -0.04546463262555855, -0.08051765008862796, -0.013288361917116812, 0.0789097042568028, 0.013534338966544185, -0.03287559764127114, 0.04190846276037129, -0.11833785493858158, -0.10350443392709296, 0.3825868322061641, -0.05738755224971101, -0.22155824114992617, 0.15229718762183828, -0.11010609835170077, -0.1094619441325111, 0.15229093032756022, 0.1914474271317678, 0.10610959103863155, -0.1678676789293864, 0.10461154329058316, -0.03545779731116324, 0.13241824849375658, 0.08183897503784725, 0.02585739457314568, 0.15747839683267686, 0.18432618518759097, 0.004142835230699607, 0.12597574683904117, -0.05656927497658346, -0.09434708379209042, -0.2826975886204413, -0.1257568827723818, -0.19819308252606008, 0.034451164905497406, -0.08049201458925381, -0.1720036156670124, 0.45360565679280884, 0.127430853104618, 0.1446273361385933, 0.0012914697187287466, 0.29327398529010157, 0.1956957375116846, 0.016644114349037408, 0.05865013699180314, 0.231921686673803, 0.18324714755506388, 0.12701129603598799, -0.24675456252880396, -0.014361317509319634, 0.07192833186127245] |
708.3422 | A Modified Synchrotron Model for Knots in the M87 Jet | For explaining the broadband spectral shape of knots in the M87 jet from
radio through optical to X-ray, we propose a modified synchrotron model that
considers the integrated effect of particle injection from different
acceleration sources in the thin acceleration region. This results in two break
frequencies at two sides of which the spectral index of knots in the M87 jet
changes. We discuss the possible implications of these results for the physical
properties in the M87 jet. The observed flux of the knots in the M87 jet from
radio to X-ray can be satisfactorily explained by the model, and the predicted
spectra from ultraviolet to X-ray could be further tested by future
observations. The model implies that the knots D, E, F, A, B, and C1 are
unlikely to be the candidate for the TeV emission recently detected in M87.
| astro-ph | for explaining the broadband spectral shape of knots in the m87 jet from radio through optical to xray we propose a modified synchrotron model that considers the integrated effect of particle injection from different acceleration sources in the thin acceleration region this results in two break frequencies at two sides of which the spectral index of knots in the m87 jet changes we discuss the possible implications of these results for the physical properties in the m87 jet the observed flux of the knots in the m87 jet from radio to xray can be satisfactorily explained by the model and the predicted spectra from ultraviolet to xray could be further tested by future observations the model implies that the knots d e f a b and c1 are unlikely to be the candidate for the tev emission recently detected in m87 | [['for', 'explaining', 'the', 'broadband', 'spectral', 'shape', 'of', 'knots', 'in', 'the', 'm87', 'jet', 'from', 'radio', 'through', 'optical', 'to', 'xray', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'modified', 'synchrotron', 'model', 'that', 'considers', 'the', 'integrated', 'effect', 'of', 'particle', 'injection', 'from', 'different', 'acceleration', 'sources', 'in', 'the', 'thin', 'acceleration', 'region', 'this', 'results', 'in', 'two', 'break', 'frequencies', 'at', 'two', 'sides', 'of', 'which', 'the', 'spectral', 'index', 'of', 'knots', 'in', 'the', 'm87', 'jet', 'changes', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'possible', 'implications', 'of', 'these', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'physical', 'properties', 'in', 'the', 'm87', 'jet', 'the', 'observed', 'flux', 'of', 'the', 'knots', 'in', 'the', 'm87', 'jet', 'from', 'radio', 'to', 'xray', 'can', 'be', 'satisfactorily', 'explained', 'by', 'the', 'model', 'and', 'the', 'predicted', 'spectra', 'from', 'ultraviolet', 'to', 'xray', 'could', 'be', 'further', 'tested', 'by', 'future', 'observations', 'the', 'model', 'implies', 'that', 'the', 'knots', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'and', 'c1', 'are', 'unlikely', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'candidate', 'for', 'the', 'tev', 'emission', 'recently', 'detected', 'in', 'm87']] | [-0.07949777222271506, 0.09672823272553002, -0.11062743948072407, 0.11630137106122991, -0.0733865172476739, -0.10514483068481828, 0.0011343373900530398, 0.46779376684509694, -0.23909134089167342, -0.34494465603063823, 0.04308528056886734, -0.2337959821316156, -0.02933927407448596, 0.23500197325215563, -0.007255321707294145, 0.012197907782879705, 0.028581098996016942, -0.08170683798215068, -0.021983882554737415, -0.1351191270122212, 0.2806838737364779, 0.09937980183208665, 0.19375225213349712, 0.05943649490727178, 0.04737054215123256, -0.06928429966098926, -0.05027260347963013, 0.019379554024124716, -0.08420143713082719, 0.08878662282955405, 0.2119152121351543, 0.08572594991865311, 0.14410132793247277, -0.3937845631892271, -0.26462503270318743, 0.060890576075630407, 0.17149794022453593, -0.011279379418086762, -0.03611188425751839, -0.2633094724981075, 0.0824545913137304, -0.20525798732612996, -0.18825662689587325, 0.06963586576071613, 0.012995281507730062, 0.02937576615958349, -0.2053958961483362, 0.10197738492498108, 0.014289694204959517, 0.006704284558535045, -0.10618378365980395, -0.052513423930615824, -0.04802321490719386, 0.06752968207662198, 0.08888425543559186, 0.043294797218008406, 0.14364658203306244, -0.15167658369994808, -0.18188326698826981, 0.3856077107290427, -0.047882642227073086, -0.04661066487785726, 0.17686471031526274, -0.24241048256133466, -0.1981971826344887, 0.17436031596603016, 0.15136427361954083, 0.09200476253312742, -0.13123375902626108, 0.023733681245337087, -0.05140615267995315, 0.1582961066952966, 0.04251140148332673, 0.037524699841143816, 0.30481704007933275, 0.0958682003171771, -0.010707221737012584, 0.1676172120950733, -0.23629199040323787, 0.02945524460763228, -0.31590054636566856, -0.09526149848647786, -0.14653121202140518, 0.07748742540018527, -0.10994545782149227, -0.06975057464157369, 0.44196584056864713, 0.11143841764539586, 0.2369253834105156, -0.006411024389940427, 0.3076281172936743, 0.08593718217461245, 0.08023521444365607, 0.15304023333237315, 0.3575376978751721, 0.10371370492370945, 0.09720252616281856, -0.2164037080468438, 0.039183858966996485, 0.023407835093927933] |
708.3423 | A Remark on Hypercontractive Semigroups and Operator Ideals | In this note, we answer a question raised by Johnson and Schechtman
\cite{JS}, about the hypercontractive semigroup on $\{-1,1\}^{\NN}$. More
generally, we prove the folllowing theorem. Let $1<p<2$. Let $(T(t))_{t>0}$ be
a holomorphic semigroup on $L_p$ (relative to a probability space). Assume the
following mild form of hypercontractivity: for some large enough number $s>0$,
$T(s)$ is bounded from $L_p$ to $L_2$. Then for any $t>0$, $T(t)$ is in the
norm closure in $B(L_p)$ (denoted by $\bar{\Gamma_2}$) of the subset (denoted
by ${\Gamma_2}$) formed by the operators mapping $L_p$ to $L_2$ (a fortiori
these operators factor through a Hilbert space).
| math.FA | in this note we answer a question raised by johnson and schechtman citejs about the hypercontractive semigroup on 11nn more generally we prove the folllowing theorem let 1p2 let tt_t0 be a holomorphic semigroup on l_p relative to a probability space assume the following mild form of hypercontractivity for some large enough number s0 ts is bounded from l_p to l_2 then for any t0 tt is in the norm closure in bl_p denoted by bargamma_2 of the subset denoted by gamma_2 formed by the operators mapping l_p to l_2 a fortiori these operators factor through a hilbert space | [['in', 'this', 'note', 'we', 'answer', 'a', 'question', 'raised', 'by', 'johnson', 'and', 'schechtman', 'citejs', 'about', 'the', 'hypercontractive', 'semigroup', 'on', '11nn', 'more', 'generally', 'we', 'prove', 'the', 'folllowing', 'theorem', 'let', '1p2', 'let', 'tt_t0', 'be', 'a', 'holomorphic', 'semigroup', 'on', 'l_p', 'relative', 'to', 'a', 'probability', 'space', 'assume', 'the', 'following', 'mild', 'form', 'of', 'hypercontractivity', 'for', 'some', 'large', 'enough', 'number', 's0', 'ts', 'is', 'bounded', 'from', 'l_p', 'to', 'l_2', 'then', 'for', 'any', 't0', 'tt', 'is', 'in', 'the', 'norm', 'closure', 'in', 'bl_p', 'denoted', 'by', 'bargamma_2', 'of', 'the', 'subset', 'denoted', 'by', 'gamma_2', 'formed', 'by', 'the', 'operators', 'mapping', 'l_p', 'to', 'l_2', 'a', 'fortiori', 'these', 'operators', 'factor', 'through', 'a', 'hilbert', 'space']] | [-0.11642216104751532, 0.12708669124131508, -0.05569590028019949, 0.11714340295231446, -0.06393559480660614, -0.1241045422515178, 0.03744639336389113, 0.3321350982927896, -0.3753215768671733, -0.15718679104317376, 0.13057338218625753, -0.31039997484990733, -0.08753303110480626, 0.20047180140589146, -0.15043196984705456, 0.023217938389589497, 0.026728527756665458, 0.0841388187638702, -0.10269240993372303, -0.24061100087326734, 0.39755521300422186, -0.024947373132082694, 0.13071732296350788, 0.0797596528848752, 0.06514647291438218, 0.00387271828553144, -0.010193750683337133, -0.017119146958414586, -0.21394068968700283, 0.12690116009338104, 0.27054401245364484, 0.11624640775002301, 0.3333664812454756, -0.3562528115320713, -0.15655735465004406, 0.24421027847664786, 0.11897857657613907, -0.08722983664297994, 0.012374406481536968, -0.30591098773986736, 0.1378886515492613, -0.1041213128953538, -0.09233751778114349, -0.08171296118203789, 0.09109180956395303, -0.015547085147192503, -0.3352311467355553, 0.04894447314770932, 0.15792126460980804, 0.054476738610166185, -0.06612816541158456, -0.10950271753554648, -0.024224487574216216, -0.0036787056819872653, -0.004722965333451398, 0.15024033853130297, 0.04568944886782544, -0.020351058107483735, -0.07276566981516303, 0.323660810180801, -0.0953509817661549, -0.23734245572159898, 0.07871002827751193, -0.21508945160089654, -0.11618594270932706, 0.06047230402374283, 0.09033684334172769, 0.13343653387013585, -0.06139517067733439, 0.21595618151502308, -0.11234122497881664, 0.1193301293607603, 0.09623802316553415, 0.030269118531190967, 0.054555742436663265, 0.06537682999995478, 0.15286827617463597, 0.1286146734838691, 0.029343862745395684, -0.0021790271188984528, -0.3414058111053198, -0.15868853822726994, -0.2061791271008452, 0.17266230861795076, -0.10768962854087882, -0.12133675731688817, 0.31553892632500524, 0.07551618550527603, 0.23849690966605347, 0.11423436452218509, 0.19927608529898397, 0.12355008482576367, 0.03908920228639816, 0.13212947308908196, 0.10469813051322684, 0.18020070031622148, 0.0004425476097125322, -0.15853006506903453, 0.03975161518208049, 0.23840393171632698] |
708.3424 | A perfect stratification of M_g for g at most 5 | We find for g at most 5 a stratification of depth g-2 of the moduli space of
curves M_g with the property that its strata are affine and the classes of
their closures provide a Q-basis for the Chow ring of M_g. The first property
confirms a conjecture of one of us. The way we establish the second property
yields new (and simpler) proofs of theorems of Faber and Izadi which, taken
together, amount to the statement that in this range the Chow ring is generated
by the lambda-class.
| math.AG | we find for g at most 5 a stratification of depth g2 of the moduli space of curves m_g with the property that its strata are affine and the classes of their closures provide a qbasis for the chow ring of m_g the first property confirms a conjecture of one of us the way we establish the second property yields new and simpler proofs of theorems of faber and izadi which taken together amount to the statement that in this range the chow ring is generated by the lambdaclass | [['we', 'find', 'for', 'g', 'at', 'most', '5', 'a', 'stratification', 'of', 'depth', 'g2', 'of', 'the', 'moduli', 'space', 'of', 'curves', 'm_g', 'with', 'the', 'property', 'that', 'its', 'strata', 'are', 'affine', 'and', 'the', 'classes', 'of', 'their', 'closures', 'provide', 'a', 'qbasis', 'for', 'the', 'chow', 'ring', 'of', 'm_g', 'the', 'first', 'property', 'confirms', 'a', 'conjecture', 'of', 'one', 'of', 'us', 'the', 'way', 'we', 'establish', 'the', 'second', 'property', 'yields', 'new', 'and', 'simpler', 'proofs', 'of', 'theorems', 'of', 'faber', 'and', 'izadi', 'which', 'taken', 'together', 'amount', 'to', 'the', 'statement', 'that', 'in', 'this', 'range', 'the', 'chow', 'ring', 'is', 'generated', 'by', 'the', 'lambdaclass']] | [-0.1755576383867087, 0.055207367804458084, -0.15567577877028407, 0.0417165565465031, -0.06976261398829949, -0.07203505856209788, 0.02941613010633951, 0.3006748988496504, -0.298541326521382, -0.25597076909081345, 0.08419791730415162, -0.21626704988797762, -0.08908538593664422, 0.2600635089108656, -0.10944128938918483, -0.03101063718224458, 0.03184004452336451, 0.03642646884632661, -0.06519987735490518, -0.3307459047171234, 0.38130337864310404, -0.019242422569585943, 0.2009909066837281, 0.0716897967624767, 0.110327139743015, -0.0013661635317036818, -0.04605373688812914, -0.0037386412307454124, -0.16447121421515476, 0.19977050644998579, 0.24353477351324654, 0.11593308078189349, 0.19880727051232738, -0.36390977783192846, -0.13689047415291183, 0.15159348504960365, 0.07695909762412481, 0.03197228313750191, 0.011326291451187825, -0.21713099318246046, 0.14802204400044064, -0.16249033348399333, -0.2158866385372634, -0.05198993228761287, 0.06703858304469065, 0.005041480182145519, -0.22504383795520014, 0.006429629566297792, 0.13907951155099377, 0.11307786966021034, -0.060650165277083626, -0.1049955627913105, -0.07555588899480029, 0.10252349565191002, 0.04112352804152359, 0.021391476119129824, 0.058858542451527954, -0.13218867536313061, -0.06682623664101843, 0.39852163775813304, -0.05768576613359753, -0.11893819133355014, 0.13318554628319268, -0.17831297237533092, -0.15849762363359332, 0.12912620289315438, 0.07116398637065258, 0.1397541089026236, -0.03527128682525336, 0.1328379624642314, -0.12171062806771062, 0.08660564623002348, 0.08340130897838323, 0.038790073534794925, 0.14777652021154933, 0.09801173943159139, 0.07965530671952721, 0.13650061072508707, -0.059063589917602896, -0.003981147089908863, -0.3535609783005269, -0.22415990123375393, -0.11901338003447344, 0.06171957246060002, -0.13494925238891242, -0.14850145206925855, 0.4128786557054297, 0.08746539035961888, 0.2295280517689113, 0.1340552220969386, 0.22588607377704534, 0.055720723715835606, 0.07405157641229358, 0.031745840682937156, 0.2234134634838964, 0.21512257871110976, 0.006691879876514618, -0.16026765078302183, 0.03725408080794003, 0.17790382380607997] |
708.3425 | Mathematical problems on generalized functions and the canonical
Hamiltonian formalism | This text is addressed to mathematicians who are interested in generalized
functions and unbounded operators on a Hilbert space. We expose in detail (in a
"formal way" - as done by Heisenberg and Pauli - i.e. without mathematical
definitions and then, of course, without mathematical rigour) the
Heisenberg-Pauli calculations on the simplest model close to physics. The
problem for mathematicians is to give a mathematical sense to these
calculations, which is possible without any knowledge in physics, since they
mimick exactly usual calculations on infinitely differentiable functions and on
bounded operators, and can be considered at a purely mathematical level,
ignoring physics in a first step. The mathematical tools to be used are
nonlinear generalized functions, unbounded operators on a Hilbert space and
computer calculations.
| math-ph math.FA math.MP | this text is addressed to mathematicians who are interested in generalized functions and unbounded operators on a hilbert space we expose in detail in a formal way as done by heisenberg and pauli ie without mathematical definitions and then of course without mathematical rigour the heisenbergpauli calculations on the simplest model close to physics the problem for mathematicians is to give a mathematical sense to these calculations which is possible without any knowledge in physics since they mimick exactly usual calculations on infinitely differentiable functions and on bounded operators and can be considered at a purely mathematical level ignoring physics in a first step the mathematical tools to be used are nonlinear generalized functions unbounded operators on a hilbert space and computer calculations | [['this', 'text', 'is', 'addressed', 'to', 'mathematicians', 'who', 'are', 'interested', 'in', 'generalized', 'functions', 'and', 'unbounded', 'operators', 'on', 'a', 'hilbert', 'space', 'we', 'expose', 'in', 'detail', 'in', 'a', 'formal', 'way', 'as', 'done', 'by', 'heisenberg', 'and', 'pauli', 'ie', 'without', 'mathematical', 'definitions', 'and', 'then', 'of', 'course', 'without', 'mathematical', 'rigour', 'the', 'heisenbergpauli', 'calculations', 'on', 'the', 'simplest', 'model', 'close', 'to', 'physics', 'the', 'problem', 'for', 'mathematicians', 'is', 'to', 'give', 'a', 'mathematical', 'sense', 'to', 'these', 'calculations', 'which', 'is', 'possible', 'without', 'any', 'knowledge', 'in', 'physics', 'since', 'they', 'mimick', 'exactly', 'usual', 'calculations', 'on', 'infinitely', 'differentiable', 'functions', 'and', 'on', 'bounded', 'operators', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'considered', 'at', 'a', 'purely', 'mathematical', 'level', 'ignoring', 'physics', 'in', 'a', 'first', 'step', 'the', 'mathematical', 'tools', 'to', 'be', 'used', 'are', 'nonlinear', 'generalized', 'functions', 'unbounded', 'operators', 'on', 'a', 'hilbert', 'space', 'and', 'computer', 'calculations']] | [-0.03449915780029336, 0.09253388442496052, -0.08817267432030229, 0.1555221021961665, -0.1321282180266638, -0.1410027256724043, 0.04260433253786359, 0.3361175824643769, -0.28173763576711786, -0.2700340262095093, 0.1021349735941631, -0.27163151533010826, -0.1612756187916871, 0.2142333624269966, -0.08452514703977151, 0.06701642762274161, 0.04867215337781388, 0.05637149995223421, -0.10657737100044586, -0.2553804241651364, 0.3381367169080119, 0.017430151398599027, 0.19755639682035345, 0.06904613388106838, 0.09221869676572378, 0.014991875646300003, -0.03275333069738184, -0.009826904315917493, -0.13216955967239852, 0.1250414284562585, 0.3448497989199689, 0.09622548978783374, 0.31975561595659274, -0.49666759254960496, -0.20517995238464448, 0.09370818508590464, 0.1241321112449113, 0.11146053782622253, 0.012207826094694252, -0.2898632110035444, 0.05068810593687975, -0.13928248874888924, -0.13421531130376532, -0.12023276032223443, 0.00035294384665054377, -0.03895100783251348, -0.22773150513788348, 0.007424719471362282, 0.07793867841485094, 0.10312762271138633, -0.04125691369771347, -0.10478277369326011, 0.008687573945966596, 0.10644727165535947, -0.006391356156215255, 0.02601858893658424, 0.0864323278522638, -0.10427632846594712, -0.13977840718847592, 0.39574789992518355, -0.01283989071017742, -0.3213180984355143, 0.18088807978621516, -0.13060916593435723, -0.15995684793585394, 0.024226640816777945, 0.16071640079474594, 0.09549477836880528, -0.16044634767640076, 0.17915842810847996, -0.034529077889183996, 0.13105191320913737, 0.069384384991937, 0.013289365092994736, 0.15356230605240972, 0.09060898195707896, 0.028189942715918553, 0.07660616282182822, 0.07483230278537166, -0.15499960061317294, -0.3459596612078489, -0.12920731230883203, -0.18610077600575006, 0.05371624752726467, -0.029715881403583316, -0.17377277655282714, 0.38406471219524496, 0.10759964619656323, 0.14451563324718203, 0.03953847184216176, 0.258239895029024, 0.13642355033146888, 0.06332866637585838, 0.059057088084060884, 0.19951938859522952, 0.12425159743307616, 0.11333737367016004, -0.09529778651213731, 0.07272275126936129, 0.12983045512159092] |
708.3426 | Sally modules of rank one | The structure of Sally modules of $\fkm$-primary ideals $I$ in a
Cohen-Macaulay local ring $(A, \m)$ satisfying the equality
$\e_1(I)=\e_0(I)-\ell_A(A/I)+1$ is explored, where $\e_0(I)$ and $\e_1(I)$
denote the first two Hilbert coefficients of $I$.
| math.AC | the structure of sally modules of fkmprimary ideals i in a cohenmacaulay local ring a m satisfying the equality e_1ie_0iell_aai1 is explored where e_0i and e_1i denote the first two hilbert coefficients of i | [['the', 'structure', 'of', 'sally', 'modules', 'of', 'fkmprimary', 'ideals', 'i', 'in', 'a', 'cohenmacaulay', 'local', 'ring', 'a', 'm', 'satisfying', 'the', 'equality', 'e_1ie_0iell_aai1', 'is', 'explored', 'where', 'e_0i', 'and', 'e_1i', 'denote', 'the', 'first', 'two', 'hilbert', 'coefficients', 'of', 'i']] | [-0.25299877888755873, 0.033319204580038786, -0.0435838933190098, -9.45753236010205e-05, -0.0475630648288643, -0.20297755292267539, -0.10680379904806614, 0.26533113152254373, -0.37998634233372286, -0.10304162284592167, 0.0979065760730009, -0.2599401787156239, -0.05602438445203006, 0.09413566104922211, -0.06301683670608327, -0.05210157370311208, 0.0011647616047412157, 0.07962919831334148, -0.08172162304981612, -0.3276079440183821, 0.41588740100269206, 0.009949089435394853, 0.16346934129251167, 0.007637498725671321, 0.14477910948335193, -0.011529168892593589, -0.0332748570071999, 0.04545331566623645, -0.23260664736153558, 0.14432672705152072, 0.28522383912059013, 0.1324755907699, 0.26011727244622307, -0.3980685410206206, -0.01836778488359414, 0.21025693434057757, 0.12159952879301272, -0.13956096186302602, 0.04034854709607316, -0.19709499808959663, 0.12398292650323128, -0.2007717649685219, -0.085014519514516, -0.0032545483845751733, 0.1186993446899578, 0.050038328336086124, -0.3365496900751168, 0.0065947112161666155, 0.13838289806153625, 0.17450915899826214, -0.0704775667982176, -0.10274704135372303, -0.07000217586755753, 0.011509560543345287, -0.13906897314154776, -0.06611645371594932, 0.05794071705895476, -0.12795043020742014, -0.10630963466246612, 0.3326809435384348, -0.050166779166829656, -0.16234873457142385, 0.07068358357355464, -0.24543457516119815, -0.1295163968752604, 0.03583060982055031, -0.009156185376923531, 0.17957045149523765, -0.0254066077486641, 0.2506187573289935, -0.16270085412543267, 0.016382289642933756, 0.0923518018971663, 0.03494005009997636, 0.1273133022186812, 0.11761175520950928, 0.0349344471042059, 0.1213789704197552, -0.019383009654120542, 0.029538455535657704, -0.383886813884601, -0.25499035231769085, -0.19489270758640487, 0.10387678720871918, -0.08942794808490362, -0.08299772939062677, 0.46126729692332447, 0.06759304442675784, 0.2369520254433155, 0.06875013266107999, 0.2167356819845736, -0.002695877250516787, 0.03530946568935178, 0.0867085494537605, 0.1129195336252451, 0.2416823209496215, -0.025729994056746364, -0.14187099352420773, 0.01465315226232633, 0.197262014815351] |
708.3427 | Meson masses at large N_c | We analyze the meson spectrum in SU(N_c) lattice gauge theory. We use Wilson
quarks to measure the pseudoscalar and vector masses in SU(2), SU(3), SU(4) and
SU(6), and extrapolate to the large-N_c limit. We find that finite-N_c
corrections are small at all values of the quark mass.
| hep-lat hep-th | we analyze the meson spectrum in sun_c lattice gauge theory we use wilson quarks to measure the pseudoscalar and vector masses in su2 su3 su4 and su6 and extrapolate to the largen_c limit we find that finiten_c corrections are small at all values of the quark mass | [['we', 'analyze', 'the', 'meson', 'spectrum', 'in', 'sun_c', 'lattice', 'gauge', 'theory', 'we', 'use', 'wilson', 'quarks', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'pseudoscalar', 'and', 'vector', 'masses', 'in', 'su2', 'su3', 'su4', 'and', 'su6', 'and', 'extrapolate', 'to', 'the', 'largen_c', 'limit', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'finiten_c', 'corrections', 'are', 'small', 'at', 'all', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'quark', 'mass']] | [-0.07018778250215853, 0.31995238706548795, -0.06465826998960147, 0.1850022363892578, -0.04851702192520842, -0.07872073653530567, 0.10226877623960931, 0.40875324531597024, -0.06181758188424592, -0.1863091045871694, -0.0018301595230289596, -0.3373722528365064, -0.004897242293078849, -0.014463139004371267, 0.057501569102974014, 0.08205725164233182, -0.019310599542222917, 0.07069804320270394, -0.13748547226250013, -0.24183120657788945, 0.3385990025535067, -0.12817180409353782, 0.2321474008024373, 0.16668795108636644, 0.021676596690048563, 0.0144888412682934, 0.013100376808421408, -0.1282672908038218, -0.09608336184944764, 0.045744192647807144, 0.17125289543764666, -0.022463899412925575, 0.024189971545909312, -0.33842982613342876, -0.12282026037970122, 0.11255552291751225, 0.1574673035053259, 0.1764123541837994, 0.05205634174908095, -0.28591153429860766, 0.11857086820329757, -0.24432509174530812, -0.20200944996310122, -0.20453778353143245, -0.029135424158278297, -0.1424290323828129, -0.34555329069336677, 0.06847756395631648, -0.14837548109217288, 0.05133331733498168, -0.03550528290067265, -0.2242435289527032, -0.10647835468556335, 0.07102315286372571, 0.20355436090934784, 0.10324767582673341, 0.1445236647442142, -0.2207684777875213, -0.12244252281937193, 0.48441149135853384, -0.1447957975274705, -0.1763970525340831, 0.10083185490765707, -0.23488234597793284, -0.22469573145970068, 0.03476471172325546, 0.2174536797336917, 0.05680122678267195, -0.1479576246892201, 0.20541263700269677, -0.10570855632899924, 0.153184459901395, 0.07921433818348228, 0.0791160320030882, 0.23571515000088417, 0.10095821194192196, -0.05264500523620146, 0.03243029066064256, -0.021945273870245575, -0.15324393510224021, -0.40200935835216906, -0.05512504368287293, -0.11024372206574821, 0.11156483527589986, -0.18251655059476493, -0.09620767051076635, 0.3499683784717258, 0.1885547840155344, 0.2320968831710993, 0.08390755037915834, 0.23160885452748614, 0.11207113306018267, 0.08957439387821534, 0.10147414671534553, 0.2778718725956501, 0.2801657764914822, 0.0946025752581339, -0.3376841405604748, -0.27236068168496513, 0.19721329097259552] |
708.3428 | A new renormalization approach to the Dirichlet Casimir effect for
\phi^4 theory in (1+1) dimensions | The next to the leading order Casimir effect for a real scalar field, within
$\phi^4$ theory, confined between two parallel plates is calculated in one
spatial dimension. Here we use the Green's function with the Dirichlet boundary
condition on both walls. In this paper we introduce a systematic perturbation
expansion in which the counterterms automatically turn out to be consistent
with the boundary conditions. This will inevitably lead to nontrivial position
dependence for physical quantities, as a manifestation of the breaking of the
translational invariance. This is in contrast to the usual usage of the
counterterms, in problems with nontrivial boundary conditions, which are either
completely derived from the free cases or at most supplemented with the
addition of counterterms only at the boundaries. We obtain \emph{finite}
results for the massive and massless cases, in sharp contrast to some of the
other reported results. Secondly, and probably less importantly, we use a
supplementary renormalization procedure in addition to the usual regularization
and renormalization programs, which makes the usage of any analytic
continuation techniques unnecessary.
| hep-th | the next to the leading order casimir effect for a real scalar field within phi4 theory confined between two parallel plates is calculated in one spatial dimension here we use the greens function with the dirichlet boundary condition on both walls in this paper we introduce a systematic perturbation expansion in which the counterterms automatically turn out to be consistent with the boundary conditions this will inevitably lead to nontrivial position dependence for physical quantities as a manifestation of the breaking of the translational invariance this is in contrast to the usual usage of the counterterms in problems with nontrivial boundary conditions which are either completely derived from the free cases or at most supplemented with the addition of counterterms only at the boundaries we obtain emphfinite results for the massive and massless cases in sharp contrast to some of the other reported results secondly and probably less importantly we use a supplementary renormalization procedure in addition to the usual regularization and renormalization programs which makes the usage of any analytic continuation techniques unnecessary | [['the', 'next', 'to', 'the', 'leading', 'order', 'casimir', 'effect', 'for', 'a', 'real', 'scalar', 'field', 'within', 'phi4', 'theory', 'confined', 'between', 'two', 'parallel', 'plates', 'is', 'calculated', 'in', 'one', 'spatial', 'dimension', 'here', 'we', 'use', 'the', 'greens', 'function', 'with', 'the', 'dirichlet', 'boundary', 'condition', 'on', 'both', 'walls', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'introduce', 'a', 'systematic', 'perturbation', 'expansion', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'counterterms', 'automatically', 'turn', 'out', 'to', 'be', 'consistent', 'with', 'the', 'boundary', 'conditions', 'this', 'will', 'inevitably', 'lead', 'to', 'nontrivial', 'position', 'dependence', 'for', 'physical', 'quantities', 'as', 'a', 'manifestation', 'of', 'the', 'breaking', 'of', 'the', 'translational', 'invariance', 'this', 'is', 'in', 'contrast', 'to', 'the', 'usual', 'usage', 'of', 'the', 'counterterms', 'in', 'problems', 'with', 'nontrivial', 'boundary', 'conditions', 'which', 'are', 'either', 'completely', 'derived', 'from', 'the', 'free', 'cases', 'or', 'at', 'most', 'supplemented', 'with', 'the', 'addition', 'of', 'counterterms', 'only', 'at', 'the', 'boundaries', 'we', 'obtain', 'emphfinite', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'massive', 'and', 'massless', 'cases', 'in', 'sharp', 'contrast', 'to', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'other', 'reported', 'results', 'secondly', 'and', 'probably', 'less', 'importantly', 'we', 'use', 'a', 'supplementary', 'renormalization', 'procedure', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'usual', 'regularization', 'and', 'renormalization', 'programs', 'which', 'makes', 'the', 'usage', 'of', 'any', 'analytic', 'continuation', 'techniques', 'unnecessary']] | [-0.12497146537757596, 0.11509464779097972, -0.09446482030118163, 0.061851052269633944, -0.10622178635763369, -0.10670618950549898, 0.030231394082436275, 0.34902521014620347, -0.23272069814499874, -0.26638745077639475, 0.12049488305320279, -0.25884055099905007, -0.14890893545247957, 0.15197648973627037, -0.043446295636427726, 0.04288471403401934, 0.029753975143345695, 0.0584626152426347, -0.11373058627306044, -0.22681731627263857, 0.353327694699575, 0.013102019403729287, 0.24476629306412376, 0.08974823983246996, 0.04748000882080242, -0.004856773504944539, -0.01766265951493091, 0.022240851204399916, -0.14707862724946147, 0.10107856761696267, 0.21978137048560825, 0.004052141700716068, 0.24156988003216256, -0.442957689974928, -0.19991686675515583, 0.07775249444991993, 0.1380257690619763, 0.13880390777110777, -0.017757118672223484, -0.2614548113357661, 0.07150675222309756, -0.13135029095085873, -0.16435018873401522, -0.0789338285049916, -0.03600870556901905, -0.06642349588687414, -0.2944713445144823, 0.1046945466432485, 0.011566861083024535, 0.044026104231557714, -0.07265472384243293, -0.06880015516305749, -0.012518169331610545, 0.10384011054317863, 0.10940619711443011, 0.02336729144284116, 0.09407080484596991, -0.1491509089330024, -0.07570922079873432, 0.38980291170153725, -0.054275656702320076, -0.25341364141184325, 0.21749958566165176, -0.1522971710950222, -0.14483230133091324, 0.10055042158988915, 0.10579277570198836, 0.1336140314129786, -0.16311419133268212, 0.10257948297323477, 0.01291437298340466, 0.13892781657257772, 0.11234441821211842, 0.030935972618559997, 0.15665458445704875, 0.07134157240032164, 0.07207878516189455, 0.1627923047284451, -0.04447297894010513, -0.09886641951877324, -0.4045048396467049, -0.15077596578490118, -0.15286834375269112, 0.017019231520036513, -0.10679514230814048, -0.21058270620481892, 0.37635396904815205, 0.1878151717146152, 0.18919013089891096, 0.0392956779607379, 0.29348955696566437, 0.13663814253181797, 0.1274274590334202, 0.07327443130057433, 0.22283714062460008, 0.10491598703250846, 0.10117581151639936, -0.2266403933841168, 0.002575832865356157, 0.08246898980565026] |
708.3429 | Coherent laser control of the current through molecular junctions | The electron tunneling through a molecular junction modeled by a single site
weakly coupled to two leads is studied in the presence of a time-dependent
external field using a master equation approach. In the case of small bias
voltages and high carrier frequencies of the external field, we observe the
phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling, i.e. the current through the
molecular junction vanishes completely for certain parameters of the external
field. In previous studies the tunneling within isolated and open multi-site
systems was suppressed; it is shown here that the tunneling between a single
site and electronic reservoirs, i.e. the leads, can be suppressed as well. For
larger bias voltages the current does not vanish any more since further
tunneling channels participate in the electron conduction and we also observe
photon-assisted tunneling which leads to steps in the current-voltage
characteristics. The described phenomena are demonstrated not only for
monochromatic fields but also for laser pulses and therefore could be used for
ultrafast optical switching of the current through molecular junctions.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | the electron tunneling through a molecular junction modeled by a single site weakly coupled to two leads is studied in the presence of a timedependent external field using a master equation approach in the case of small bias voltages and high carrier frequencies of the external field we observe the phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling ie the current through the molecular junction vanishes completely for certain parameters of the external field in previous studies the tunneling within isolated and open multisite systems was suppressed it is shown here that the tunneling between a single site and electronic reservoirs ie the leads can be suppressed as well for larger bias voltages the current does not vanish any more since further tunneling channels participate in the electron conduction and we also observe photonassisted tunneling which leads to steps in the currentvoltage characteristics the described phenomena are demonstrated not only for monochromatic fields but also for laser pulses and therefore could be used for ultrafast optical switching of the current through molecular junctions | [['the', 'electron', 'tunneling', 'through', 'a', 'molecular', 'junction', 'modeled', 'by', 'a', 'single', 'site', 'weakly', 'coupled', 'to', 'two', 'leads', 'is', 'studied', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'timedependent', 'external', 'field', 'using', 'a', 'master', 'equation', 'approach', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'small', 'bias', 'voltages', 'and', 'high', 'carrier', 'frequencies', 'of', 'the', 'external', 'field', 'we', 'observe', 'the', 'phenomenon', 'of', 'coherent', 'destruction', 'of', 'tunneling', 'ie', 'the', 'current', 'through', 'the', 'molecular', 'junction', 'vanishes', 'completely', 'for', 'certain', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'external', 'field', 'in', 'previous', 'studies', 'the', 'tunneling', 'within', 'isolated', 'and', 'open', 'multisite', 'systems', 'was', 'suppressed', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'here', 'that', 'the', 'tunneling', 'between', 'a', 'single', 'site', 'and', 'electronic', 'reservoirs', 'ie', 'the', 'leads', 'can', 'be', 'suppressed', 'as', 'well', 'for', 'larger', 'bias', 'voltages', 'the', 'current', 'does', 'not', 'vanish', 'any', 'more', 'since', 'further', 'tunneling', 'channels', 'participate', 'in', 'the', 'electron', 'conduction', 'and', 'we', 'also', 'observe', 'photonassisted', 'tunneling', 'which', 'leads', 'to', 'steps', 'in', 'the', 'currentvoltage', 'characteristics', 'the', 'described', 'phenomena', 'are', 'demonstrated', 'not', 'only', 'for', 'monochromatic', 'fields', 'but', 'also', 'for', 'laser', 'pulses', 'and', 'therefore', 'could', 'be', 'used', 'for', 'ultrafast', 'optical', 'switching', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'through', 'molecular', 'junctions']] | [-0.19086743193564185, 0.18066094137118224, -0.03289151548990729, 0.047414687746721834, -0.00048434404296833174, -0.18413080535121043, 0.0908301699986921, 0.3897742512880972, -0.2603686822099034, -0.2890422967921572, 0.005181268624803432, -0.24359791064689382, -0.12328502510698806, 0.2464900188943186, 0.02123515291019664, -0.025086816525555146, 0.02731435132084948, -0.007631696939021784, -0.016235027368294828, -0.20128864492970514, 0.29406092907656095, 0.0422036325047065, 0.29505890273701463, 0.1004602392585349, 0.0801770457649353, 0.017762007148206582, 0.04395346976517106, 0.04984795542948536, -0.09286061765408049, 0.009395348490896628, 0.23538953597161766, -0.03483146883558199, 0.23179700797456398, -0.5016062216974838, -0.23210026641316406, 0.0458588488672299, 0.17970723543218772, 0.19007370392151984, -0.05552420039412399, -0.2640900938752603, 0.034613979288665525, -0.13288395960232494, -0.10613423181229342, -0.05663307731268568, -0.004973720588274735, 0.062362681370370134, -0.27318083902831836, 0.10566511225705552, 0.023918840276453187, 0.02559596878525458, -0.04168499156367034, -0.027457646749864676, -0.04150315182425125, 0.09486479668099193, -0.0022182176025769516, 0.03865167930891073, 0.20981216069844644, -0.1464707056776626, -0.11255682270690712, 0.32567282888101556, -0.0886883869799867, -0.15817497905821346, 0.1940867673927014, -0.19956844340062194, -0.04352466121849696, 0.15753203319734213, 0.06884724447743325, 0.11594460463445437, -0.2035620184656102, 0.07703643721738206, 0.030423535649495865, 0.14286031857832765, 0.07760200613145635, 0.0520642348429003, 0.24155983988914573, 0.16664398067265923, 0.048780302301986, 0.12443391019233356, -0.1367175629395142, -0.06760353967547417, -0.2526692645406427, -0.13339645981962917, -0.17656066526838562, 0.11020831848587977, 0.0018377333546053258, -0.1754769533115224, 0.4072305302745635, 0.16774820234920634, 0.17915389023459793, -0.06505416547239633, 0.308385706185336, 0.1894249324543859, 0.08653160956639208, 0.025050454274499354, 0.23820715874694942, 0.1461832542748501, 0.10464553369688448, -0.2908097645213381, 0.06732420502666231, -0.05193866182211242] |
708.343 | Twelve bridges from a reductive group to its Langlands dual | These notes are based on lectures given in Wuhan (China) in July 2007. Their
aim is to provide an introduction to Langlands philosophy.
| math.RT | these notes are based on lectures given in wuhan china in july 2007 their aim is to provide an introduction to langlands philosophy | [['these', 'notes', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'lectures', 'given', 'in', 'wuhan', 'china', 'in', 'july', '2007', 'their', 'aim', 'is', 'to', 'provide', 'an', 'introduction', 'to', 'langlands', 'philosophy']] | [-0.04103662357058214, 0.0650494693754413, -0.2094881760523371, 0.07593023787637282, -0.20643063505058704, -0.10603973581253187, -0.081059865532038, 0.31818644876551366, -0.13560089501349823, -0.41141075859575166, 0.20228646222866423, -0.29162916751659435, -0.18681736680193115, 0.19531360143066748, -0.29064636458845244, -0.0780910019479368, 0.04534157402003589, -0.022202963423257206, -0.05165931525761667, -0.4517921092717544, 0.27258911935369606, 0.18268108643267467, 0.3203653543782623, 0.09213644922103571, 0.08515248819173354, 0.0033300611716897592, -0.11558957316953203, -0.15429705075676675, -0.17629360812513725, 0.1992726590403396, 0.43892995907884574, 0.15989137348293772, 0.30105458738525276, -0.5324525636337374, 0.003773350592540658, -0.018298414049913055, -0.024730827720106943, 0.015431652412466381, 0.003267668969625526, -0.34930078588102176, 0.013004480658665947, -0.1521777485537788, -0.0640984030197496, 0.012039454977797426, 0.05883450895223929, 0.017555431665285774, -0.1254139702929103, -0.025512239774284157, 0.002809246435113575, 0.26128493872997555, -0.041375765876854646, -0.1513737223070601, 0.05029254347976783, 0.14990431845755034, 0.01642685775321139, 0.08407512912526727, 0.06867317021217036, -0.046749237114968506, -0.165101220831275, 0.34248106602741324, 0.0032999788451453915, -0.030994744404502537, 0.2062037475913277, -0.09272655545045501, -0.19251382266900138, 0.022145590542451195, 0.30774541519096366, 0.061590257708145225, -0.16410059336086977, 0.08608661911895742, -0.0433851796912242, 0.12075386597248523, 0.06674288923892638, -0.06614930296073789, 0.2938527942675611, 0.09705371733592905, -0.04180418621019825, 0.016588171377130177, -0.0015054928118605976, -0.12092372694093248, -0.4105803853143816, -0.12765857318173285, -0.15278890113467755, 0.025412444065770378, 0.11415471946415694, -0.067929665679517, 0.4053056959224784, 0.19082259969866794, 0.15398494482202374, -0.03773616462864954, 0.13608688431913438, 0.07708029299164595, -0.08244702588695951, 0.09287471314082327, 0.19086700839840848, 0.13186528517500215, 0.1848286814056337, -0.02258598024997374, -0.007862885847039845, 0.21593348977520413] |
708.3431 | Toric dynamical systems | Toric dynamical systems are known as complex balancing mass action systems in
the mathematical chemistry literature, where many of their remarkable
properties have been established. They include as special cases all deficiency
zero systems and all detailed balancing systems. One feature is that the steady
state locus of a toric dynamical system is a toric variety, which has a unique
point within each invariant polyhedron. We develop the basic theory of toric
dynamical systems in the context of computational algebraic geometry and show
that the associated moduli space is also a toric variety. It is conjectured
that the complex balancing state is a global attractor. We prove this for
detailed balancing systems whose invariant polyhedron is two-dimensional and
bounded.
| math.DS math.AG | toric dynamical systems are known as complex balancing mass action systems in the mathematical chemistry literature where many of their remarkable properties have been established they include as special cases all deficiency zero systems and all detailed balancing systems one feature is that the steady state locus of a toric dynamical system is a toric variety which has a unique point within each invariant polyhedron we develop the basic theory of toric dynamical systems in the context of computational algebraic geometry and show that the associated moduli space is also a toric variety it is conjectured that the complex balancing state is a global attractor we prove this for detailed balancing systems whose invariant polyhedron is twodimensional and bounded | [['toric', 'dynamical', 'systems', 'are', 'known', 'as', 'complex', 'balancing', 'mass', 'action', 'systems', 'in', 'the', 'mathematical', 'chemistry', 'literature', 'where', 'many', 'of', 'their', 'remarkable', 'properties', 'have', 'been', 'established', 'they', 'include', 'as', 'special', 'cases', 'all', 'deficiency', 'zero', 'systems', 'and', 'all', 'detailed', 'balancing', 'systems', 'one', 'feature', 'is', 'that', 'the', 'steady', 'state', 'locus', 'of', 'a', 'toric', 'dynamical', 'system', 'is', 'a', 'toric', 'variety', 'which', 'has', 'a', 'unique', 'point', 'within', 'each', 'invariant', 'polyhedron', 'we', 'develop', 'the', 'basic', 'theory', 'of', 'toric', 'dynamical', 'systems', 'in', 'the', 'context', 'of', 'computational', 'algebraic', 'geometry', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'associated', 'moduli', 'space', 'is', 'also', 'a', 'toric', 'variety', 'it', 'is', 'conjectured', 'that', 'the', 'complex', 'balancing', 'state', 'is', 'a', 'global', 'attractor', 'we', 'prove', 'this', 'for', 'detailed', 'balancing', 'systems', 'whose', 'invariant', 'polyhedron', 'is', 'twodimensional', 'and', 'bounded']] | [-0.19670773614902332, 0.05167558489508238, -0.11356854510783147, 0.08676978479386033, -0.05878307667615659, -0.16600037458012304, -0.01972081244555341, 0.30933853624654667, -0.3092318855327781, -0.23600929172537408, 0.14322936652813248, -0.22941156874896035, -0.20416431391940398, 0.18261049627600348, -0.12267169890291363, 0.08171115353108704, 0.051068460294867266, 0.03385234411078028, -0.0866955986408861, -0.27356166606808097, 0.40674591036083, -0.01036468571239785, 0.26753555825214925, 0.03898521482615786, 0.11907959297424604, -0.03490921762623206, 0.05424898697705079, 0.04840783794306768, -0.11950998789206012, 0.08501833751641151, 0.2785548508615319, 0.12083649756230351, 0.20623354141076072, -0.3639871950785653, -0.2663205974038784, 0.163269646723066, 0.1214202039155076, 0.10430044800159521, -0.045726277757858654, -0.19978780036463456, 0.09672871628040526, -0.16442895580196612, -0.17887455808437047, -0.13388572158604986, 0.05953921006695062, 0.04717810760729579, -0.19707178797165886, -0.01591851074906935, 0.08680141644827247, 0.1339543175359233, -0.04978052282142414, -0.09631312348754655, -0.10820337206305262, 0.12313792770024107, -0.022389542160774854, 0.06800085281906258, 0.1324796136116468, -0.12569072253086425, -0.12276354292407632, 0.4257406481079945, 0.015750580346955284, -0.24209382125184314, 0.24984356384145237, -0.11555885010547623, -0.18579373984918499, 0.14604394047172786, 0.14342921625963656, 0.13711238070586776, -0.13492675835438886, 0.14730615664846772, -0.11622130608248736, 0.10395302654154982, 0.007690768326953554, 0.04486264885958879, 0.215831329012994, 0.16888630318165826, 0.08718715143290215, 0.12599807851673925, 0.015311100065293369, -0.1740216997671215, -0.302910135127604, -0.17834844870664993, -0.15473217133847417, 0.11365930912937938, -0.08033924832308621, -0.1768021928850843, 0.37931032946427207, 0.04732913589652847, 0.1856678290558713, 0.034800507457919044, 0.26563860061226274, 0.08317649674977512, 0.02172558189432348, 0.07573904201560536, 0.17973441359813974, 0.1493943242489227, 0.050554014824549943, -0.1873818591135327, 0.024458939557848107, 0.12201783492681355] |
708.3432 | Switching the current through molecular wires | The influence of Gaussian laser pulses on the transport through molecular
wires is investigated within a tight-binding model for spinless electrons
including correlation. Motivated by the phenomenon of coherent destruction of
tunneling for monochromatic laser fields, situations are studied in which the
maximum amplitude of the electric field fulfills the conditions for the
destructive quantum effect. It is shown that, as for monochromatic laser
pulses, the average current through the wire can be suppressed. For parameters
of the model, which do not show a net current without any optical field, a
Gaussian laser pulse can establish a temporary current. In addition, the effect
of electron correlation on the current is investigated.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | the influence of gaussian laser pulses on the transport through molecular wires is investigated within a tightbinding model for spinless electrons including correlation motivated by the phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling for monochromatic laser fields situations are studied in which the maximum amplitude of the electric field fulfills the conditions for the destructive quantum effect it is shown that as for monochromatic laser pulses the average current through the wire can be suppressed for parameters of the model which do not show a net current without any optical field a gaussian laser pulse can establish a temporary current in addition the effect of electron correlation on the current is investigated | [['the', 'influence', 'of', 'gaussian', 'laser', 'pulses', 'on', 'the', 'transport', 'through', 'molecular', 'wires', 'is', 'investigated', 'within', 'a', 'tightbinding', 'model', 'for', 'spinless', 'electrons', 'including', 'correlation', 'motivated', 'by', 'the', 'phenomenon', 'of', 'coherent', 'destruction', 'of', 'tunneling', 'for', 'monochromatic', 'laser', 'fields', 'situations', 'are', 'studied', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'maximum', 'amplitude', 'of', 'the', 'electric', 'field', 'fulfills', 'the', 'conditions', 'for', 'the', 'destructive', 'quantum', 'effect', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'as', 'for', 'monochromatic', 'laser', 'pulses', 'the', 'average', 'current', 'through', 'the', 'wire', 'can', 'be', 'suppressed', 'for', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'which', 'do', 'not', 'show', 'a', 'net', 'current', 'without', 'any', 'optical', 'field', 'a', 'gaussian', 'laser', 'pulse', 'can', 'establish', 'a', 'temporary', 'current', 'in', 'addition', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'electron', 'correlation', 'on', 'the', 'current', 'is', 'investigated']] | [-0.16179546404122333, 0.21103367687681238, -0.0551734455768858, 0.0745825792467725, 0.010299346772618257, -0.12256326680784826, 0.04404092187833813, 0.42328734890566216, -0.23909906771134687, -0.27984962020874826, 0.01758628792280482, -0.24196089775016247, -0.08636758039780967, 0.2515853073643017, 0.020528595309352148, 0.030173158977885504, 0.027282788560868385, 0.01940204351007737, -0.020313636352085752, -0.17975768865073552, 0.2937535520324165, 0.05654696586383465, 0.3148062291915889, 0.08676891135857315, 0.096995060290168, 0.06620341626222472, 0.040721496321714006, 0.01879222486335952, -0.0891561812602811, 0.01839474575208114, 0.16344119693983244, 0.00821589972186196, 0.23077494841748597, -0.4957368359271739, -0.30527957777182263, 0.06770084998025014, 0.14287648657845492, 0.146217612203563, -0.06687557512919444, -0.26703072476897155, 0.0297140392500001, -0.14123011893919996, -0.1055705517463319, -0.016688360067017308, 0.020150576195331407, 0.090754753649906, -0.3262376703472959, 0.055244238485020025, 0.0478378926332503, 0.04486041165351331, -0.020906783061454427, -0.04694463962873629, -0.02488498592556261, 0.03520152600364642, 0.006421611937987912, 0.05449279843250642, 0.18674722042874442, -0.17906349829423265, -0.11501940651817734, 0.36245976708963645, -0.10423105993509493, -0.15632633443726204, 0.10740800856335743, -0.17431469880377976, -0.004084140494432267, 0.14966239065334602, 0.10783647977210044, 0.09553096831465761, -0.1754805148319081, 0.06221020139485329, -0.030558118974236218, 0.15670267581889355, 0.09235147129836585, 0.07140570959109846, 0.2539512776341793, 0.1617675828223058, 0.05848667629037958, 0.14826856085690795, -0.13328136261636475, -0.06947002105146378, -0.27495376906684926, -0.10508661689488469, -0.20176871379350755, 0.07181261719200814, -0.02630564377450191, -0.15782865388649264, 0.4331952610162196, 0.17004217514516534, 0.11113853803793858, -0.03987269597086082, 0.3228197210669719, 0.18072450768017956, 0.05487516876897431, 0.01763046904139825, 0.2957797776926036, 0.16205352325168615, 0.05748641273627678, -0.274729372962873, 0.07302810009233318, -0.022342367584372427] |
708.3433 | Coherent destruction of the current through molecular wires using short
laser pulses | A molecular wire coupled to two electron reservoirs is investigated within a
tight-binding approach including spin and Coulomb interaction. Under the
assumption of weak coupling to the electron reservoirs a quantum master
equation can be derived for the electron transport through the wire. Motivated
by the phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling for monochromatic laser
fields, the influence of Gaussian laser pulses on the transport through the
wires is studied. For situations in which the maximum amplitude of the electric
field fulfills the conditions for the destructive quantum effect the average
current through the system can be suppressed even for a wire consisting of only
one site. Turning on the electron correlation does not destroy the suppression
of the current by the laser.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | a molecular wire coupled to two electron reservoirs is investigated within a tightbinding approach including spin and coulomb interaction under the assumption of weak coupling to the electron reservoirs a quantum master equation can be derived for the electron transport through the wire motivated by the phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling for monochromatic laser fields the influence of gaussian laser pulses on the transport through the wires is studied for situations in which the maximum amplitude of the electric field fulfills the conditions for the destructive quantum effect the average current through the system can be suppressed even for a wire consisting of only one site turning on the electron correlation does not destroy the suppression of the current by the laser | [['a', 'molecular', 'wire', 'coupled', 'to', 'two', 'electron', 'reservoirs', 'is', 'investigated', 'within', 'a', 'tightbinding', 'approach', 'including', 'spin', 'and', 'coulomb', 'interaction', 'under', 'the', 'assumption', 'of', 'weak', 'coupling', 'to', 'the', 'electron', 'reservoirs', 'a', 'quantum', 'master', 'equation', 'can', 'be', 'derived', 'for', 'the', 'electron', 'transport', 'through', 'the', 'wire', 'motivated', 'by', 'the', 'phenomenon', 'of', 'coherent', 'destruction', 'of', 'tunneling', 'for', 'monochromatic', 'laser', 'fields', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'gaussian', 'laser', 'pulses', 'on', 'the', 'transport', 'through', 'the', 'wires', 'is', 'studied', 'for', 'situations', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'maximum', 'amplitude', 'of', 'the', 'electric', 'field', 'fulfills', 'the', 'conditions', 'for', 'the', 'destructive', 'quantum', 'effect', 'the', 'average', 'current', 'through', 'the', 'system', 'can', 'be', 'suppressed', 'even', 'for', 'a', 'wire', 'consisting', 'of', 'only', 'one', 'site', 'turning', 'on', 'the', 'electron', 'correlation', 'does', 'not', 'destroy', 'the', 'suppression', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'by', 'the', 'laser']] | [-0.19038984256728395, 0.2037117889044973, -0.05352762884392244, 0.04738907362485865, 0.028026895925054342, -0.15555185039444425, 0.05736852145746229, 0.35375464807559803, -0.25761928751580115, -0.2750537633986735, 0.01754771612444514, -0.2720123227625116, -0.054734173651057774, 0.23755654444297156, 0.05469989755978369, 0.004731798926898376, 0.037313363547020445, 0.008503485249537156, -0.04089297206430673, -0.19843925067083532, 0.33487716004843027, 0.05534377785866164, 0.30723027111129547, 0.10807412050094653, 0.1144935218087299, 0.0721568489367733, 0.07609688659289443, 0.025701377328818407, -0.0898962476692064, 0.03789029377550492, 0.1705694210917189, -0.038469075967323005, 0.2322601157645657, -0.5119208310980622, -0.2551070763104845, 0.03109508306848082, 0.14274065669297573, 0.15030508059005032, -0.04700186308965511, -0.28026680515064456, 0.009772355751535757, -0.14026823967725524, -0.12394203389502638, -0.002738415447207607, -0.016087378025986254, 0.05834008792294114, -0.30694060774550325, 0.07709131033795817, 0.04236269622711783, 0.026836621014749616, -0.01606628448868973, -0.022349226787285046, -0.021181007815010058, 0.07194042861522214, 0.004048836974018231, 0.023401223963535413, 0.21888328256176376, -0.16007033773372328, -0.08124185753636047, 0.36309500785196214, -0.10553566999051993, -0.17645605271944786, 0.15902081618607952, -0.1695845203878305, -0.014118222069237532, 0.1632726279019219, 0.0936853078239393, 0.07923601791111191, -0.20017834904989817, 0.07108123643594469, -0.009180705933793774, 0.12388042052185572, 0.07618950018318506, 0.06530454417130327, 0.25368816143552947, 0.17374018298431745, 0.061934999424994475, 0.12603865117326804, -0.13107141417383059, -0.09995281867440639, -0.26623080941144284, -0.12925385753434848, -0.21308837528151225, 0.09722714446595306, -0.030421169353454996, -0.15060342455706824, 0.4255964974259931, 0.1550366287081828, 0.11072132134302784, -0.0711847550142935, 0.30684129005994615, 0.17875161338919335, 0.06471889242302717, 0.015822363532776756, 0.27781031384228394, 0.19310153695580556, 0.0613668083622143, -0.3280438231720733, 0.06580043908556908, 0.00995361262447829] |
708.3434 | Some counterexamples in dynamics of rational semigroups | We give an example of two rational functions with non-equal Julia sets that
generate a rational semigroup whose completely invariant Julia set is a closed
line segment. We also give an example of polynomials with unequal Julia sets
that generate a non nearly Abelian polynomial semigroup with the property that
the Julia set of one generator is equal to the Julia set of the semigroup.
These examples show that certain conjectures in the field of dynamics of
rational semigroups do not hold as stated and therefore require the allowance
of certain exceptional cases.
| math.DS math.CV | we give an example of two rational functions with nonequal julia sets that generate a rational semigroup whose completely invariant julia set is a closed line segment we also give an example of polynomials with unequal julia sets that generate a non nearly abelian polynomial semigroup with the property that the julia set of one generator is equal to the julia set of the semigroup these examples show that certain conjectures in the field of dynamics of rational semigroups do not hold as stated and therefore require the allowance of certain exceptional cases | [['we', 'give', 'an', 'example', 'of', 'two', 'rational', 'functions', 'with', 'nonequal', 'julia', 'sets', 'that', 'generate', 'a', 'rational', 'semigroup', 'whose', 'completely', 'invariant', 'julia', 'set', 'is', 'a', 'closed', 'line', 'segment', 'we', 'also', 'give', 'an', 'example', 'of', 'polynomials', 'with', 'unequal', 'julia', 'sets', 'that', 'generate', 'a', 'non', 'nearly', 'abelian', 'polynomial', 'semigroup', 'with', 'the', 'property', 'that', 'the', 'julia', 'set', 'of', 'one', 'generator', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'the', 'julia', 'set', 'of', 'the', 'semigroup', 'these', 'examples', 'show', 'that', 'certain', 'conjectures', 'in', 'the', 'field', 'of', 'dynamics', 'of', 'rational', 'semigroups', 'do', 'not', 'hold', 'as', 'stated', 'and', 'therefore', 'require', 'the', 'allowance', 'of', 'certain', 'exceptional', 'cases']] | [-0.16362480884317748, 0.08416107704553763, -0.05624379261687238, 0.09051424579104028, -0.08603278313192629, -0.16602501863493555, 0.0035764595921782237, 0.32026170555662403, -0.3105560690214637, -0.1722912685394848, 0.1321164857663755, -0.3164500131982789, -0.15305169216627557, 0.2650938449460032, -0.04848823023419226, 0.046636643420193864, 0.06357232042117625, 0.06930480448789494, -0.041958321464217956, -0.3259117957517525, 0.42038838921855853, -0.05560601456779286, 0.18588793398912556, 0.06555700765281755, 0.15687390309207702, -0.08758301855195114, 0.005160636904459166, 0.007762219455300158, -0.12385642634841153, 0.11204114800659559, 0.26725765499937276, 0.16667944301039941, 0.23413447966618883, -0.39498701647564927, -0.08791816696244222, 0.23509923242513212, 0.11415681810514446, 0.0060534724635222265, -0.011501879301122439, -0.20497081227480404, 0.10762730190750733, -0.14926908169222133, -0.2211994505687667, -0.136275405915434, 0.05679408507046079, 0.06773336807901781, -0.27343949844800336, -0.06847127826705385, 0.16046152554292192, 0.16831716476509007, -0.02589527426427731, -0.06476042373606594, -0.0641003448180654, 0.0721101616434152, -0.01523644228776296, 0.04271291560863936, 0.10333392996421104, -0.026553450045876847, -0.14658174313910266, 0.35892061976295325, -0.027200406767748375, -0.2966743667449762, 0.1974229424602292, -0.21034741036403642, -0.13494220708486854, 0.1681305147827633, 0.07153025987528024, 0.08434090180502783, -0.09763611613782824, 0.17458923431100845, -0.19004096148876093, 0.12467675054475906, 0.08818964324691282, 0.0033945857111604945, 0.16582050778332255, 0.003429179620598593, 0.09763404364592486, 0.1953343369607483, 0.08996282716191584, -0.06189589891382443, -0.38777473948455304, -0.12161032009809729, -0.1587985714206532, 0.0981860630233304, -0.10528150633943233, -0.3328215070369263, 0.43231406733794236, 0.13087551961703006, 0.1587558270341927, 0.1431918261492605, 0.20185826206079094, 0.11464860080537932, 0.02951240787903468, 0.10514415405009703, 0.10050880596522362, 0.10663558821123774, -0.04998193017297214, -0.13167946022354388, 0.0019903094307469425, 0.14390879801364356] |
708.3435 | On the Dreaded Right Bousfield Localization | I verify the existence of right Bousfield localizations of right semimodel
categories, and I apply this to construct a model of the homotopy limit of a
left Quillen presheaf as a right semimodel category.
| math.AT math.CT | i verify the existence of right bousfield localizations of right semimodel categories and i apply this to construct a model of the homotopy limit of a left quillen presheaf as a right semimodel category | [['i', 'verify', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'right', 'bousfield', 'localizations', 'of', 'right', 'semimodel', 'categories', 'and', 'i', 'apply', 'this', 'to', 'construct', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'the', 'homotopy', 'limit', 'of', 'a', 'left', 'quillen', 'presheaf', 'as', 'a', 'right', 'semimodel', 'category']] | [-0.08113923011457219, -0.0415138528435765, -0.036553245119969636, 0.15235961078981156, -0.09110335463329274, -0.22093697644167526, -0.015651404802851817, 0.3820564907372874, -0.42177161903065796, -0.09121883171610534, 0.12185830469517146, -0.22925324346322348, -0.038171129191623014, 0.061781230115550846, -0.2065275086719981, -0.18012453133569045, 0.02815519558156238, 0.13325853275326902, -0.009060998241800596, -0.18484296449734008, 0.39991222012459354, -0.03563215495908961, 0.1907720013487586, 0.04109855308471357, 0.13396733570570016, -0.051802116720115435, 0.03266594304210123, -0.052294150323552245, -0.18641849808216862, 0.1607681215083336, 0.265769880867618, 0.07544651797369999, 0.22723059857825695, -0.37165607161381664, 0.021724051795899868, 0.14505706486456535, 0.14017536436371944, -0.016570188228369635, 0.012395745307645378, -0.4467148581410156, 0.1647293525200118, -0.28813620328026657, -0.07402018328909488, -0.06308376832919962, 0.10658350532107494, 0.04029604976120241, -0.28743262528715763, -0.06570375143714688, 0.11882749857271419, 0.0890372741748305, -0.10365312365705476, 0.016781946068958324, -0.09199377927271758, 0.1479459967710735, -0.0002706208684043411, -0.05830379600143608, 0.0899222205968245, -0.1554439627113478, -0.1185729580328745, 0.3904786953593002, -0.0820607437806971, -0.16978067165131078, 0.13370350770214023, -0.11541686031748266, -0.12127368220621172, 0.06286047486697927, -0.10840158000150148, 0.17321243663044536, -0.02392040969639578, 0.2514002637044006, -0.2132348145413048, 0.10282310524352771, 0.11290016359485247, 0.02390699085834272, 0.15482319792842164, 0.1648555512074381, 0.03118349866503302, 0.08208806874394856, -0.02412334450191873, 0.004476628348450451, -0.39987604544662375, -0.2042418035733349, 0.01054815570002093, 0.16297212968407515, -0.032962573363072484, -0.244005496668465, 0.48806106715517883, 0.23823613048914602, 0.24439009243403287, 0.20681356759194067, 0.19105816714684754, -0.02349947779507869, -0.044927622581941676, -0.053352037116008645, 0.10993973327362362, 0.25542669195462675, -0.010099756887511295, -0.023245582247481626, -0.07292379573097124, 0.2800026165650171] |
708.3436 | High-density Skyrmion matter and Neutron Stars | We examine neutron star properties based on a model of dense matter composed
of B=1 skyrmions immersed in a mesonic mean field background. The model
realizes spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking non-linearly and incorporates
scale-breaking of QCD through a dilaton VEV that also affects the mean fields.
Quartic self-interactions among the vector mesons are introduced on grounds of
naturalness in the corresponding effective field theory. Within a plausible
range of the quartic couplings, the model generates neutron star masses and
radii that are consistent with a preponderance of observational constraints,
including recent ones that point to the existence of relatively massive neutron
stars with mass M 1.7 Msun and radius R (12-14) km. If the existence of neutron
stars with such dimensions is confirmed, matter at supra-nuclear density is
stiffer than extrapolations of most microscopic models suggest.
| nucl-th astro-ph | we examine neutron star properties based on a model of dense matter composed of b1 skyrmions immersed in a mesonic mean field background the model realizes spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking nonlinearly and incorporates scalebreaking of qcd through a dilaton vev that also affects the mean fields quartic selfinteractions among the vector mesons are introduced on grounds of naturalness in the corresponding effective field theory within a plausible range of the quartic couplings the model generates neutron star masses and radii that are consistent with a preponderance of observational constraints including recent ones that point to the existence of relatively massive neutron stars with mass m 17 msun and radius r 1214 km if the existence of neutron stars with such dimensions is confirmed matter at supranuclear density is stiffer than extrapolations of most microscopic models suggest | [['we', 'examine', 'neutron', 'star', 'properties', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'dense', 'matter', 'composed', 'of', 'b1', 'skyrmions', 'immersed', 'in', 'a', 'mesonic', 'mean', 'field', 'background', 'the', 'model', 'realizes', 'spontaneous', 'chiral', 'symmetry', 'breaking', 'nonlinearly', 'and', 'incorporates', 'scalebreaking', 'of', 'qcd', 'through', 'a', 'dilaton', 'vev', 'that', 'also', 'affects', 'the', 'mean', 'fields', 'quartic', 'selfinteractions', 'among', 'the', 'vector', 'mesons', 'are', 'introduced', 'on', 'grounds', 'of', 'naturalness', 'in', 'the', 'corresponding', 'effective', 'field', 'theory', 'within', 'a', 'plausible', 'range', 'of', 'the', 'quartic', 'couplings', 'the', 'model', 'generates', 'neutron', 'star', 'masses', 'and', 'radii', 'that', 'are', 'consistent', 'with', 'a', 'preponderance', 'of', 'observational', 'constraints', 'including', 'recent', 'ones', 'that', 'point', 'to', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'relatively', 'massive', 'neutron', 'stars', 'with', 'mass', 'm', '17', 'msun', 'and', 'radius', 'r', '1214', 'km', 'if', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'neutron', 'stars', 'with', 'such', 'dimensions', 'is', 'confirmed', 'matter', 'at', 'supranuclear', 'density', 'is', 'stiffer', 'than', 'extrapolations', 'of', 'most', 'microscopic', 'models', 'suggest']] | [-0.13297244180199308, 0.24541796745324973, -0.06849993373993236, 0.09385627356994733, -0.1168390204273986, -0.08824441659004044, 0.022775112441569732, 0.3264445150955854, -0.11653058832555818, -0.31170625465593355, 0.025767259813352105, -0.3039687356897904, -0.05903452555717462, 0.1424648112836568, 0.03180859162924154, -0.00923800871361677, 0.019308840763508615, 0.08474044562728308, -0.09060838377712678, -0.2236419740939335, 0.3457474673461333, -0.008533571737215799, 0.18985748820748138, 0.058169289096600976, 0.08894823006737758, -0.051919246708755105, 0.01665399198913399, -0.021511281282394466, -0.14132995999957262, 0.06848959158934817, 0.14737845723199344, 0.07940424613736789, 0.1473367670294144, -0.39591553554568876, -0.24778820911716834, 0.10424982976880581, 0.13610537947148688, 0.08854575922904427, -0.09959723941659938, -0.28204208264565644, 0.11163592933007749, -0.18752104793127408, -0.18763520920594387, -0.06916971558615949, 0.03485189497587271, -0.0025277575888835334, -0.2877747913932099, 0.15396612212755237, -0.009518700950994732, 0.05120429751696065, -0.12003742892685455, -0.1569846985546653, -0.0834598246112685, -0.027518798330086556, 0.11542063890973463, 0.07560252370860647, 0.18410370655457134, -0.21636474674211487, -0.04334307107937468, 0.42097742466584726, -0.09345332894233305, -0.11349173757138059, 0.18433874616269297, -0.1537594513501972, -0.14036919056054423, 0.11997775244868963, 0.1588733177392415, 0.14264355527719838, -0.13689692557090893, 0.10295411785987466, -0.05044655380120008, 0.2128407014964015, 0.06416760701155427, 0.04525780160774422, 0.37191659299766316, 0.20280522097806064, 0.0029002438292509932, 0.03888101425528636, -0.09990768000716344, -0.11414437557858251, -0.3352753580034272, -0.04373388621110387, -0.11607924571452553, 0.06365869728410069, -0.14874170576566778, -0.11953902834434035, 0.3309565004207851, 0.11033384816597819, 0.19418602975030594, 0.04143923259449794, 0.2480240594030714, 0.055088982287356085, 0.10316426037153338, 0.09189642830888796, 0.31565902655369, 0.2481252218473374, 0.05197652510148199, -0.25531488860382096, -0.035529701514272295, 0.05395314557758598] |
708.3437 | Anomalous dispersion of optical phonons at the neutral-ionic transition:
Evidence from diffuse X-ray scattering | Diffuse X-ray data for mixed stack organic charge-transfer crystals
approaching the neutral-ionic phase transition can be quantitatively explained
as due to the softening of the optical phonon branch. The interpretation is
fully consistent with vibrational spectra, and underlines the importance of
electron-phonon coupling in low-dimensional systems with delocalized electrons.
| cond-mat.str-el | diffuse xray data for mixed stack organic chargetransfer crystals approaching the neutralionic phase transition can be quantitatively explained as due to the softening of the optical phonon branch the interpretation is fully consistent with vibrational spectra and underlines the importance of electronphonon coupling in lowdimensional systems with delocalized electrons | [['diffuse', 'xray', 'data', 'for', 'mixed', 'stack', 'organic', 'chargetransfer', 'crystals', 'approaching', 'the', 'neutralionic', 'phase', 'transition', 'can', 'be', 'quantitatively', 'explained', 'as', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'softening', 'of', 'the', 'optical', 'phonon', 'branch', 'the', 'interpretation', 'is', 'fully', 'consistent', 'with', 'vibrational', 'spectra', 'and', 'underlines', 'the', 'importance', 'of', 'electronphonon', 'coupling', 'in', 'lowdimensional', 'systems', 'with', 'delocalized', 'electrons']] | [-0.10787423810332405, 0.2084354997650549, -0.047350805502251854, 0.042174316403380006, -0.04512346334451316, -0.14097260835827613, 0.08123217517396017, 0.41831340230241115, -0.28724704527329387, -0.24717867453297487, -0.02109730963319616, -0.34369097140674687, -0.09974106488635345, 0.18591674759375806, 0.018636625412167335, -0.03745054282552125, 0.03343664212342428, -0.11469469584372578, -0.043098399292069434, -0.12035262033495368, 0.2815927726653766, 0.058172381948679686, 0.3167466349063479, 0.09123367238409665, -0.0009051668909093252, -0.0027934582096201424, 0.09922236763891212, -0.02106925301557901, -0.08100992707269532, 0.1075117595835912, 0.36182237935385536, -0.12221677639350599, 0.14963381805894327, -0.4245579769188652, -0.28187902995898406, 0.03644826640945156, 0.2065100170534142, 0.13031394639033445, -0.012848463935815558, -0.26510298468780763, -0.012249798247856753, -0.1207233330196872, -0.13237321442373248, -0.11861190787630574, -0.045046324718135355, 0.0005577679305356376, -0.19072026489492583, 0.16201964125265272, 0.0059000297012377755, 0.05627031586304003, -0.16238846707309842, -0.10736037254789654, -0.11846395474573483, 0.058262474492800476, 0.03749176398708428, 0.013199337482528418, 0.15806066796031534, -0.11459100552435432, -0.08255693689939014, 0.43035635644836084, -0.06386890189427578, -0.012031398780111755, 0.19023823038655885, -0.15704416130118223, -0.06255995041253615, 0.2769102028438023, 0.0760279604024729, 0.056140555192393304, -0.10904252036873784, 0.04367310549869031, 0.05909758657977289, 0.20868213661015034, -0.012305125061954771, 0.15623241301854046, 0.2799787498744471, 0.23386658128702595, -0.08589649195687807, 0.1394441847485129, -0.1261856068229797, -0.04308235782141588, -0.2248340868105998, -0.15245041114335156, -0.25012388406321406, 0.05054846932465325, -0.08226398938324787, -0.1775184213278853, 0.35450910454691975, 0.08929127453807362, 0.1852683322314097, -0.04649183477693218, 0.23435085841777678, 0.15371117115315355, 0.04220113258960904, -0.016036942933819125, 0.30906593839504887, 0.20735529361634839, 0.10478264416510961, -0.34740090367327237, 0.08463366062627459, 0.011320534675401084] |
708.3438 | Alternative Method for Studying Color Centers in CsCl Thin Films | The optical properties of cesium chloride (CsCl) are changed with presence of
vacancies in the crystal structure giving rise to what is called as "color
centers". We have unconventionally adopted Tauc's method to determine the
characteristic color centers and have modeled the correlation among the film
optical properties and lattice size, highlighting the interrelation between the
structural and optical properties of alkali halide films.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | the optical properties of cesium chloride cscl are changed with presence of vacancies in the crystal structure giving rise to what is called as color centers we have unconventionally adopted taucs method to determine the characteristic color centers and have modeled the correlation among the film optical properties and lattice size highlighting the interrelation between the structural and optical properties of alkali halide films | [['the', 'optical', 'properties', 'of', 'cesium', 'chloride', 'cscl', 'are', 'changed', 'with', 'presence', 'of', 'vacancies', 'in', 'the', 'crystal', 'structure', 'giving', 'rise', 'to', 'what', 'is', 'called', 'as', 'color', 'centers', 'we', 'have', 'unconventionally', 'adopted', 'taucs', 'method', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'characteristic', 'color', 'centers', 'and', 'have', 'modeled', 'the', 'correlation', 'among', 'the', 'film', 'optical', 'properties', 'and', 'lattice', 'size', 'highlighting', 'the', 'interrelation', 'between', 'the', 'structural', 'and', 'optical', 'properties', 'of', 'alkali', 'halide', 'films']] | [-0.06781815750420922, 0.15833748111294377, -0.056467450312560515, -0.015655927542996193, -0.002740503835772711, -0.12936304438681828, 0.05860121926618001, 0.5470715802576807, -0.2790863449788756, -0.2997862569219063, 0.0303890935112057, -0.31319841529641834, -0.11592279327294183, 0.10602526924025918, 0.004447377966864715, -0.008842276897104014, -0.06278683648755153, -0.0559601081269128, -0.09448540046633709, -0.23080727788028382, 0.2506359740906942, 0.027069466181158547, 0.34914974507594865, 0.07251797184821158, 0.0399400783140981, 0.002769477650641449, 0.05264126157595052, 0.02875172853144625, -0.14411729047932323, 0.160366311477172, 0.20270768941808787, -0.020901252722574606, 0.16546473291791267, -0.44844123996084645, -0.20907048802704564, 0.08708639055239184, 0.09368494668206762, 0.12358335512394589, -0.09295427139907603, -0.2309082915215561, 0.07169394036348437, -0.0754735529019002, -0.15598897904985481, -0.058652283668163274, 0.018865789848542404, 0.09888863405360589, -0.17313270925429636, 0.03718113273914371, 0.041587809662497234, 0.13426632406042208, -0.13510162351534716, -0.16149306796594626, -0.07941516710533983, 0.11265736970947021, -0.008755410788580775, -0.02225055235866753, 0.17914439859016548, -0.12262828005034299, -0.06560508677613966, 0.4343698999238393, -0.014996352235949228, -0.061518680799515946, 0.1893935686657353, -0.1324561464910706, -0.05289664099525128, 0.13512985366914007, 0.13649717683530604, 0.05792288075659483, -0.13064646839241809, 0.042542375924457455, -0.02732359947607158, 0.20874490942953836, 0.11060502540711904, 0.1944439396971748, 0.23180312907973688, 0.18752345544773907, -0.0005828986047870583, 0.18201679112537514, -0.10833640470509491, -0.05573603271835646, -0.13673211060582646, -0.1644347993923085, -0.1437975031227642, 0.02909549700451039, -0.09576711162027629, -0.2253053096374349, 0.3873971200415066, 0.09456549016463142, 0.17608822027723942, -0.12664724154663937, 0.19768294609070475, 0.033426187827163154, 0.12949565786217887, -0.017915377467279395, 0.25993043155453743, 0.20248179004660674, 0.11413339177693521, -0.32018016732578714, 0.12083100967316164, 0.07448756779795365] |
708.3439 | Global strings in extra dimensions: a full map of solutions, matter
trapping and the hierarchy problem | We consider (d_0+2)-dimensional configurations with global strings in the two
extra dimensions and a flat metric in d_0 dimensions, endowed with a warp
factor e^{2\gamma} depending on the distance l from the string center. All
possible regular solutions to the field equations are classified by the
behavior of the warp factor and the extra-dimensional circular radius r(l).
Solutions with r\to \infty and r\to \const >0 as l\to \infty are interpreted in
terms of thick brane world models. Solutions with r \to 0 as l \to l_c > 0,
i.e., those with a second center, are interpreted as either multi-brane systems
(which is appropriate for large enough distances l_c between the centers) or as
Kaluza-Klein type configurations with extra dimensions invisible due to their
smallness. For the case of the Mexican-hat symmetry breaking potential, we
build a full map of regular solutions on the (\epsilon,\Gamma) parameter plane,
where \epsilon acts as an effective cosmological constant while \Gamma
characterizes the strength of gravity. The trapping properties of candidate
brane worlds for test scalar fields are discussed. Good trapping properties for
massive fields are found for models with growing warp factors. Kaluza-Klein
type models are shown to possess nontrivial warp factor behaviors, leading to
matter particle mass spectra which seem promising from the standpoint of
hierarchy problems.
| hep-th | we consider d_02dimensional configurations with global strings in the two extra dimensions and a flat metric in d_0 dimensions endowed with a warp factor e2gamma depending on the distance l from the string center all possible regular solutions to the field equations are classified by the behavior of the warp factor and the extradimensional circular radius rl solutions with rto infty and rto const 0 as lto infty are interpreted in terms of thick brane world models solutions with r to 0 as l to l_c 0 ie those with a second center are interpreted as either multibrane systems which is appropriate for large enough distances l_c between the centers or as kaluzaklein type configurations with extra dimensions invisible due to their smallness for the case of the mexicanhat symmetry breaking potential we build a full map of regular solutions on the epsilongamma parameter plane where epsilon acts as an effective cosmological constant while gamma characterizes the strength of gravity the trapping properties of candidate brane worlds for test scalar fields are discussed good trapping properties for massive fields are found for models with growing warp factors kaluzaklein type models are shown to possess nontrivial warp factor behaviors leading to matter particle mass spectra which seem promising from the standpoint of hierarchy problems | [['we', 'consider', 'd_02dimensional', 'configurations', 'with', 'global', 'strings', 'in', 'the', 'two', 'extra', 'dimensions', 'and', 'a', 'flat', 'metric', 'in', 'd_0', 'dimensions', 'endowed', 'with', 'a', 'warp', 'factor', 'e2gamma', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'distance', 'l', 'from', 'the', 'string', 'center', 'all', 'possible', 'regular', 'solutions', 'to', 'the', 'field', 'equations', 'are', 'classified', 'by', 'the', 'behavior', 'of', 'the', 'warp', 'factor', 'and', 'the', 'extradimensional', 'circular', 'radius', 'rl', 'solutions', 'with', 'rto', 'infty', 'and', 'rto', 'const', '0', 'as', 'lto', 'infty', 'are', 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708.344 | Stability and nonlinear adjustment of vortices in Keplerian flows | We investigate the stability, nonlinear development and equilibrium structure
of vortices in a background shearing Keplerian flow. We make use of
high-resolution global two-dimensional compressible hydrodynamic simulations.
We introduce the concept of nonlinear adjustment to describe the transition of
unbalanced vortical fields to a long-lived configuration. We discuss the
conditions under which vortical perturbations evolve into long-lived persistent
structures and we describe the properties of these equilibrium vortices. The
properties of equilibrium vortices appear to be independent from the initial
conditions and depend only on the local disk parameters. In particular we find
that the ratio of the vortex size to the local disk scale height increases with
the decrease of the sound speed, reaching values well above the unity. The
process of spiral density wave generation by the vortex, discussed in our
previous work, appear to maintain its efficiency also at nonlinear amplitudes
and we observe the formation of spiral shocks attached to the vortex. The
shocks may have important consequences on the long term vortex evolution and
possibly on the global disk dynamics. Our study strengthens the arguments in
favor of anticyclonic vortices as the candidates for the promotion of planetary
formation. Hydrodynamic shocks that are an intrinsic property of persistent
vortices in compressible Keplerian flows are an important contributor to the
overall balance. These shocks support vortices against viscous dissipation by
generating local potential vorticity and should be responsible for the eventual
fate of the persistent anticyclonic vortices. Numerical codes have be able to
resolve shock waves to describe the vortex dynamics correctly.
| astro-ph | we investigate the stability nonlinear development and equilibrium structure of vortices in a background shearing keplerian flow we make use of highresolution global twodimensional compressible hydrodynamic simulations we introduce the concept of nonlinear adjustment to describe the transition of unbalanced vortical fields to a longlived configuration we discuss the conditions under which vortical perturbations evolve into longlived persistent structures and we describe the properties of these equilibrium vortices the properties of equilibrium vortices appear to be independent from the initial conditions and depend only on the local disk parameters in particular we find that the ratio of the vortex size to the local disk scale height increases with the decrease of the sound speed reaching values well above the unity the process of spiral density wave generation by the vortex discussed in our previous work appear to maintain its efficiency also at nonlinear amplitudes and we observe the formation of spiral shocks attached to the vortex the shocks may have important consequences on the long term vortex evolution and possibly on the global disk dynamics our study strengthens the arguments in favor of anticyclonic vortices as the candidates for the promotion of planetary formation hydrodynamic shocks that are an intrinsic property of persistent vortices in compressible keplerian flows are an important contributor to the overall balance these shocks support vortices against viscous dissipation by generating local potential vorticity and should be responsible for the eventual fate of the persistent anticyclonic vortices numerical codes have be able to resolve shock waves to describe the vortex dynamics correctly | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'stability', 'nonlinear', 'development', 'and', 'equilibrium', 'structure', 'of', 'vortices', 'in', 'a', 'background', 'shearing', 'keplerian', 'flow', 'we', 'make', 'use', 'of', 'highresolution', 'global', 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708.3441 | Generalized Cauchy identities, trees and multidimensional Brownian
motions. Part II: Combinatorial differential calculus | We present an analogue of the differential calculus in which the role of
polynomials is played by certain ordered sets and trees. Our combinatorial
calculus has all nice features of the usual calculus and has an advantage that
the elements of the considered ordered sets might carry some additional
information. In this way an analytic proof of generalized Cauchy identities
from the previous work of the second author can be directly reformulated in our
new language of the combinatorial calculus; furthermore the additional
information carried by vertices determines uniquely the bijections presented in
Part I of this series.
| math.CO | we present an analogue of the differential calculus in which the role of polynomials is played by certain ordered sets and trees our combinatorial calculus has all nice features of the usual calculus and has an advantage that the elements of the considered ordered sets might carry some additional information in this way an analytic proof of generalized cauchy identities from the previous work of the second author can be directly reformulated in our new language of the combinatorial calculus furthermore the additional information carried by vertices determines uniquely the bijections presented in part i of this series | [['we', 'present', 'an', 'analogue', 'of', 'the', 'differential', 'calculus', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'polynomials', 'is', 'played', 'by', 'certain', 'ordered', 'sets', 'and', 'trees', 'our', 'combinatorial', 'calculus', 'has', 'all', 'nice', 'features', 'of', 'the', 'usual', 'calculus', 'and', 'has', 'an', 'advantage', 'that', 'the', 'elements', 'of', 'the', 'considered', 'ordered', 'sets', 'might', 'carry', 'some', 'additional', 'information', 'in', 'this', 'way', 'an', 'analytic', 'proof', 'of', 'generalized', 'cauchy', 'identities', 'from', 'the', 'previous', 'work', 'of', 'the', 'second', 'author', 'can', 'be', 'directly', 'reformulated', 'in', 'our', 'new', 'language', 'of', 'the', 'combinatorial', 'calculus', 'furthermore', 'the', 'additional', 'information', 'carried', 'by', 'vertices', 'determines', 'uniquely', 'the', 'bijections', 'presented', 'in', 'part', 'i', 'of', 'this', 'series']] | [-0.13203999964634375, 0.047732168845850166, -0.14407403158898258, 0.06279740066205779, -0.13604140942631177, -0.04551866732309667, 0.01971615849737534, 0.2920533607485799, -0.3585630142443566, -0.27820855818156687, 0.09786700508652293, -0.2611206372040419, -0.18898763739484914, 0.15820516904397885, -0.12199331941653271, 0.007564188855491123, 0.04373053955365619, 0.05888892670532651, -0.040844978427137864, -0.265594195574522, 0.3762889491508202, 0.024604559318894253, 0.1864302436374508, 0.03782710118684918, 0.1092097996258918, 0.037261417273394, -0.10071602437113013, 0.016980741738474796, -0.14002792616364396, 0.16442269590512223, 0.27867143058778754, 0.14330404238034117, 0.24842242307352777, -0.43368873344164116, -0.1443005560395992, 0.10330255331509576, 0.14300420886969992, 0.0736669635065185, -0.04028465547503866, -0.29818603378359454, 0.06757275276931421, -0.13847464151509412, -0.12579678784466672, -0.09686348382003453, 0.02642792930864558, 0.01003674769712308, -0.23827605428796603, -0.00900231049472124, 0.1684300037034388, 0.09820540223688799, -0.04081778172688673, -0.15147724465885182, -0.012000194213790248, 0.12342406880129508, 0.0075712987787223286, 0.012531570693458982, 0.04616477356615419, -0.06660817988568499, -0.18232482077781947, 0.32181633643007707, -0.017501359677170307, -0.22958057220283973, 0.10778531258241558, -0.12833392220948422, -0.21609705648080882, 0.11299534760681647, 0.08023015797442319, 0.15468326473266494, -0.16058435824186523, 0.12737203480994178, -0.11790029079254184, 0.12312888310347893, 0.10942974886191743, 0.05008819118161135, 0.17936288711747952, 0.11107336713609342, 0.027633724363558754, 0.17511817156123377, 0.0036852518429181407, -0.11261861622143461, -0.3542970460364405, -0.19915063317142884, -0.15437637360372145, 0.03209794687145218, -0.12918970989014678, -0.16448270762576817, 0.3919865849750991, 0.1418885967399621, 0.16841009356157513, 0.031545337708904504, 0.2528414080033497, 0.14498891660763064, 0.08456051513928045, 0.007917002926827694, 0.16895311607234417, 0.16360947991037095, 0.10424413791933686, -0.14524579829594586, 0.07943070687980829, 0.142885409737462] |
708.3442 | Differential Gerstenhaber algebras associated to nilpotent algebras | This article provides a complete description of the differential Gerstenhaber
algebras of all nilpotent complex structures on any real six-dimensional
nilpotent algebra. As an application, we classify all pseudo-K\"ahlerian
complex structures on six-dimensional nilpotent algebras such that the
differential Gerstenhaber algebra of its complex structure is quasi-isomorphic
to that of its symplectic structure. In a weak sense of mirror symmetry, it is
a classification of pseudo-K\"ahler structures on six-dimensional nilpotent
algebras whose mirror images are themselves.
| math.AG math-ph math.DG math.MP | this article provides a complete description of the differential gerstenhaber algebras of all nilpotent complex structures on any real sixdimensional nilpotent algebra as an application we classify all pseudokahlerian complex structures on sixdimensional nilpotent algebras such that the differential gerstenhaber algebra of its complex structure is quasiisomorphic to that of its symplectic structure in a weak sense of mirror symmetry it is a classification of pseudokahler structures on sixdimensional nilpotent algebras whose mirror images are themselves | [['this', 'article', 'provides', 'a', 'complete', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'differential', 'gerstenhaber', 'algebras', 'of', 'all', 'nilpotent', 'complex', 'structures', 'on', 'any', 'real', 'sixdimensional', 'nilpotent', 'algebra', 'as', 'an', 'application', 'we', 'classify', 'all', 'pseudokahlerian', 'complex', 'structures', 'on', 'sixdimensional', 'nilpotent', 'algebras', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'differential', 'gerstenhaber', 'algebra', 'of', 'its', 'complex', 'structure', 'is', 'quasiisomorphic', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'its', 'symplectic', 'structure', 'in', 'a', 'weak', 'sense', 'of', 'mirror', 'symmetry', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'classification', 'of', 'pseudokahler', 'structures', 'on', 'sixdimensional', 'nilpotent', 'algebras', 'whose', 'mirror', 'images', 'are', 'themselves']] | [-0.21097468657075966, 0.024479372042582038, -0.04959612052066644, 0.07024452345917541, -0.22261912970019407, -0.0940875172504763, -0.13914154092995695, 0.38800512332665293, -0.344008497630344, -0.21058552235511965, 0.12372764004976489, -0.21463468430661842, -0.24928329185288595, 0.15960042037400662, -0.17163555519532805, -0.08243736721066709, 0.06181389097075321, 0.14060359423073301, -0.14867633661120444, -0.2863008244343004, 0.4779410527921037, -0.0016795693311570702, 0.22284078425850326, -0.037871428042356124, 0.167088240458581, -0.0014817652010701988, 0.018703177405864392, -0.03892629681841323, -0.10228734837916195, 0.15288167618411153, 0.3054381475820647, 0.04383355834349794, 0.09520296841296122, -0.3696246585490084, -0.09331600763835013, 0.14426931354682893, 0.16849123650402026, 0.05249508671266468, -0.029811525850642572, -0.29743871544977946, 0.09607294581732467, -0.18779585060761556, -0.16368710025409727, -0.1487898570975583, 0.073408384827321, -0.07131686957405978, -0.16949673370905466, 0.003770027187113699, 0.09790388194501008, 0.17276598283972003, -0.10833328101771737, -0.031875200778717715, -0.18719942687618496, 0.07438102754837785, -0.11840069897497367, -0.030459536937996745, 0.16481122131441034, -0.07701138172629535, -0.2062406207597202, 0.41191187447035, 0.026365684516923994, -0.25957630011007976, 0.13448302526223033, -0.16813046092130735, -0.22845658716917233, 0.15924439390533066, 0.08046221429188001, 0.21265767275747893, -0.05417958554033631, 0.249507155048808, -0.13800900271407476, 0.024029233885046682, 0.09090159281377534, -0.019851139219673842, 0.14395646368900902, 0.1693412800178569, 0.08080674791831131, 0.02097188023923847, 0.10398508695039996, -0.03242244381506584, -0.37678656182987125, -0.21349194442461195, -0.034416276462204555, 0.19219296320194476, -0.11347952643164287, -0.24047175623280437, 0.4246081380835293, 0.04394774692819307, 0.1996913253862754, 0.06762346170695596, 0.23697711258979612, 0.0197592543814895, 0.16022048607517622, -0.0023965808244324044, 0.10640980641504652, 0.3126765445953137, -0.0117894581053406, -0.13023744886250874, -0.11179457593856282, 0.1808609662479476] |
708.3443 | The special cuts of 600-cell | A polytope is called {\em regular-faced} if every one of its facets is a
regular polytope. The 4-dimensional regular-faced polytopes were determined by
G. Blind and R. Blind \cite{BlBl2,roswitha,roswitha2}. The last class of such
polytopes is the one which consists of polytopes obtained by removing a set of
non-adjacent vertices (an independent set) of the 600-cell. These independent
sets are enumerated up to isomorphism and it is determined that the number of
polytopes in this last class is $314,248,344$.
| math.MG | a polytope is called em regularfaced if every one of its facets is a regular polytope the 4dimensional regularfaced polytopes were determined by g blind and r blind citeblbl2roswitharoswitha2 the last class of such polytopes is the one which consists of polytopes obtained by removing a set of nonadjacent vertices an independent set of the 600cell these independent sets are enumerated up to isomorphism and it is determined that the number of polytopes in this last class is 314248344 | [['a', 'polytope', 'is', 'called', 'em', 'regularfaced', 'if', 'every', 'one', 'of', 'its', 'facets', 'is', 'a', 'regular', 'polytope', 'the', '4dimensional', 'regularfaced', 'polytopes', 'were', 'determined', 'by', 'g', 'blind', 'and', 'r', 'blind', 'citeblbl2roswitharoswitha2', 'the', 'last', 'class', 'of', 'such', 'polytopes', 'is', 'the', 'one', 'which', 'consists', 'of', 'polytopes', 'obtained', 'by', 'removing', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'nonadjacent', 'vertices', 'an', 'independent', 'set', 'of', 'the', '600cell', 'these', 'independent', 'sets', 'are', 'enumerated', 'up', 'to', 'isomorphism', 'and', 'it', 'is', 'determined', 'that', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'polytopes', 'in', 'this', 'last', 'class', 'is', '314248344']] | [-0.1564080638438463, 0.10537020712644637, -0.02458160276214282, -0.007122163493186236, -0.07204891336460909, -0.12568267808606226, 0.013335359375923872, 0.3313000253836314, -0.36310584073265395, -0.26217410777385036, 0.14297456410868714, -0.3398866387208303, -0.13079753525555135, 0.13657613299787044, -0.1409826781414449, -0.011238158134898792, 0.0641361253708601, 0.06806150366862615, -0.04494335671576361, -0.3693383242950464, 0.33465897554531693, -0.062309417302409804, 0.16936131475182872, 0.013620829613258442, 0.16985222678631545, 0.020400767140090467, -0.018713883869349957, 0.09703735622266928, -0.1194331909006966, 0.13622045834859212, 0.24450696720431248, 0.17949160434441486, 0.21474250227212907, -0.3336771085901031, -0.08525680671135584, 0.20639799376328785, 0.09275498791287343, 0.04507854716076205, 0.009841113121559223, -0.19811903540665904, 0.12518821524766585, -0.0797452112287283, -0.13330561965083082, -0.01286338216625154, 0.11692690908908844, -0.017139112688601018, -0.26304617047309875, -0.03751160100102425, 0.0629598327850302, 0.07337787275513014, 0.05068441533017903, -0.16739823625733455, -0.058394487015902996, 0.09488419303049644, -0.024004497630521655, 0.10120151855672399, 0.04774779022283231, -0.05555623174024125, -0.1864596605176727, 0.40634306172529855, 0.07921547791610162, -0.20702917219062025, 0.11746616880098978, -0.15967838153243064, -0.15577344268560409, 0.19798998055358727, 0.07844267711043358, 0.1850990435729424, -0.1580368619163831, 0.12294791874630998, -0.19774430556222797, 0.06013640780001879, 0.14405027966325482, -0.015278949060787757, 0.21548394647737343, 0.15373746114162107, 0.0996033554431051, 0.19293045034011205, -0.011455630908409755, 0.002417125731202153, -0.32534779561062654, -0.10137947301069895, -0.28691483099013565, 0.05380095147838195, -0.1411969573791915, -0.16912479600558677, 0.39706172327200573, 0.013058671380082766, 0.19556954874346655, 0.08566593905445188, 0.20324969155093034, 0.05055680199953107, 0.10076214265078307, 0.10671429776276152, 0.1789690996861706, 0.14620076808768015, -0.06310832348962625, -0.10733487019004921, 0.05415337096899748, 0.1854451932137211] |
708.3444 | PROMPT Observations of the Early-Time Optical Afterglow of GRB 060607A | PROMPT (Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes)
observed the early-time optical afterglow of GRB 060607A and obtained a densely
sampled multiwavelength light curve that begins only tens of seconds after the
GRB. Located at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, PROMPT is
designed to observe the afterglows of gamma-ray bursts using multiple automated
0.4-m telescopes that image simultaneously in many filters when the afterglow
is bright and may be highly variable. The data span the interval from 44
seconds after the GRB trigger to 3.3 hours in the Bgri filters. We observe an
initial peak in the light curve at approximately three minutes, followed by
rebrightenings peaking around 40 minutes and again at 66 minutes. Although our
data overlap with the early Swift gamma-ray and x-ray light curves, we do not
see a correlation between the optical and high-energy flares. We do not find
evidence for spectral evolution throughout the observations. We model the
variations in the light curves and find that the most likely cause of the
rebrightening episodes is a refreshment of the forward shock preceded by a
rapidly fading reverse shock component, although other explanations are
plausible.
| astro-ph | prompt panchromatic robotic optical monitoring and polarimetry telescopes observed the earlytime optical afterglow of grb 060607a and obtained a densely sampled multiwavelength light curve that begins only tens of seconds after the grb located at cerro tololo interamerican observatory in chile prompt is designed to observe the afterglows of gammaray bursts using multiple automated 04m telescopes that image simultaneously in many filters when the afterglow is bright and may be highly variable the data span the interval from 44 seconds after the grb trigger to 33 hours in the bgri filters we observe an initial peak in the light curve at approximately three minutes followed by rebrightenings peaking around 40 minutes and again at 66 minutes although our data overlap with the early swift gammaray and xray light curves we do not see a correlation between the optical and highenergy flares we do not find evidence for spectral evolution throughout the observations we model the variations in the light curves and find that the most likely cause of the rebrightening episodes is a refreshment of the forward shock preceded by a rapidly fading reverse shock component although other explanations are plausible | [['prompt', 'panchromatic', 'robotic', 'optical', 'monitoring', 'and', 'polarimetry', 'telescopes', 'observed', 'the', 'earlytime', 'optical', 'afterglow', 'of', 'grb', '060607a', 'and', 'obtained', 'a', 'densely', 'sampled', 'multiwavelength', 'light', 'curve', 'that', 'begins', 'only', 'tens', 'of', 'seconds', 'after', 'the', 'grb', 'located', 'at', 'cerro', 'tololo', 'interamerican', 'observatory', 'in', 'chile', 'prompt', 'is', 'designed', 'to', 'observe', 'the', 'afterglows', 'of', 'gammaray', 'bursts', 'using', 'multiple', 'automated', '04m', 'telescopes', 'that', 'image', 'simultaneously', 'in', 'many', 'filters', 'when', 'the', 'afterglow', 'is', 'bright', 'and', 'may', 'be', 'highly', 'variable', 'the', 'data', 'span', 'the', 'interval', 'from', 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708.3445 | Modeling the chemical evolution of Omega Centauri using
three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations | We present a hydrodynamical and chemical model for the globular cluster Omega
Cen, under the assumption that it is the remnant of an ancient dwarf spheroidal
galaxy (dSph), the bulk of which was disrupted and accreted by our Galaxy ~10
Gyr ago. We highlight the very different roles played by Type II and Type Ia
supernovae (SNe) in the chemical enrichment of the inner regions of the
putative parent dSph. While the SNe II pollute the interstellar medium rather
uniformly, the SNe Ia ejecta may remain confined inside dense pockets of gas as
long as succesive SNe II explosions spread them out. Stars forming in such
pockets have lower alpha-to-iron ratios than the stars forming elsewhere. Owing
to the inhomogeneous pollution by SNe Ia, the metal distribution of the stars
in the central region differs substantially from that of the main population of
the dwarf galaxy, and resembles that observed in Omega Cen. This inhomogeneous
mixing is also responsible for a radial segregation of iron-rich stars with
depleted [alpha/Fe] ratios, as observed in some dSphs. Assuming a star
formation history of ~1.5 Gyr, our model succeeds in reproducing both the iron
and calcium distributions observed in Omega Cen and the main features observed
in the empirical alpha/Fe versus Fe/H plane. Finally, our model reproduces the
overall spread of the color-magnitude diagram, but fails in reproducing the
morphology of the SGB-a and the double morphology of the main sequence.
However, the inhomogeneous pollution reduces (but does not eliminate) the need
for a significantly enhanced helium abundance to explain the anomalous position
of the blue main sequence. Further models taking into account the dynamical
interaction of the parent dwarf galaxy with the Milky Way and the effect of AGB
pollution will be required.
| astro-ph | we present a hydrodynamical and chemical model for the globular cluster omega cen under the assumption that it is the remnant of an ancient dwarf spheroidal galaxy dsph the bulk of which was disrupted and accreted by our galaxy 10 gyr ago we highlight the very different roles played by type ii and type ia supernovae sne in the chemical enrichment of the inner regions of the putative parent dsph while the sne ii pollute the interstellar medium rather uniformly the sne ia ejecta may remain confined inside dense pockets of gas as long as succesive sne ii explosions spread them out stars forming in such pockets have lower alphatoiron ratios than the stars forming elsewhere owing to the inhomogeneous pollution by sne ia the metal distribution of the stars in the central region differs substantially from that of the main population of the dwarf galaxy and resembles that observed in omega cen this inhomogeneous mixing is also responsible for a radial segregation of ironrich stars with depleted alphafe ratios as observed in some dsphs assuming a star formation history of 15 gyr our model succeeds in reproducing both the iron and calcium distributions observed in omega cen and the main features observed in the empirical alphafe versus feh plane finally our model reproduces the overall spread of the colormagnitude diagram but fails in reproducing the morphology of the sgba and the double morphology of the main sequence however the inhomogeneous pollution reduces but does not eliminate the need for a significantly enhanced helium abundance to explain the anomalous position of the blue main sequence further models taking into account the dynamical interaction of the parent dwarf galaxy with the milky way and the effect of agb pollution will be required | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'hydrodynamical', 'and', 'chemical', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'globular', 'cluster', 'omega', 'cen', 'under', 'the', 'assumption', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'the', 'remnant', 'of', 'an', 'ancient', 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708.3446 | Multi and Independent Block Approach in Public Cluster | We present extended multi block approach in the LIPI Public Cluster. The
multi block approach enables a cluster to be divided into several independent
blocks which run jobs owned by different users simultaneously. Previously, we
have maintained the blocks using single master node for all blocks due to
efficiency and resource limitations. Following recent advancements and
expansion of node\'s number, we have modified the multi block approach with
multiple master nodes, each of them is responsible for a single block. We argue
that this approach improves the overall performance significantly, for
especially data intensive computational works.
| cs.DC | we present extended multi block approach in the lipi public cluster the multi block approach enables a cluster to be divided into several independent blocks which run jobs owned by different users simultaneously previously we have maintained the blocks using single master node for all blocks due to efficiency and resource limitations following recent advancements and expansion of nodes number we have modified the multi block approach with multiple master nodes each of them is responsible for a single block we argue that this approach improves the overall performance significantly for especially data intensive computational works | [['we', 'present', 'extended', 'multi', 'block', 'approach', 'in', 'the', 'lipi', 'public', 'cluster', 'the', 'multi', 'block', 'approach', 'enables', 'a', 'cluster', 'to', 'be', 'divided', 'into', 'several', 'independent', 'blocks', 'which', 'run', 'jobs', 'owned', 'by', 'different', 'users', 'simultaneously', 'previously', 'we', 'have', 'maintained', 'the', 'blocks', 'using', 'single', 'master', 'node', 'for', 'all', 'blocks', 'due', 'to', 'efficiency', 'and', 'resource', 'limitations', 'following', 'recent', 'advancements', 'and', 'expansion', 'of', 'nodes', 'number', 'we', 'have', 'modified', 'the', 'multi', 'block', 'approach', 'with', 'multiple', 'master', 'nodes', 'each', 'of', 'them', 'is', 'responsible', 'for', 'a', 'single', 'block', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'this', 'approach', 'improves', 'the', 'overall', 'performance', 'significantly', 'for', 'especially', 'data', 'intensive', 'computational', 'works']] | [-0.139377965174693, 0.03439106321214543, -0.051209885874413885, -0.015722558144868042, -0.07549163790099556, -0.20196916821684377, 0.10101442687785796, 0.3804687695519533, -0.2659914059913717, -0.33957604807801545, 0.10529356405580377, -0.2236383386577169, -0.12318890807606901, 0.17804703110596165, -0.050148491912599034, 0.06401840283009126, 0.11824354204873089, 0.024165979217893135, -0.002972714459853402, -0.3470618998156472, 0.2769647763634566, 0.0689578376574597, 0.3365204897224127, -0.01478544141476353, 0.08749318366729615, 0.060218636271505, -0.07219106525008101, 0.013235977215420766, -0.06065853880901765, 0.15402614535317602, 0.27776134692006355, 0.17273909978689517, 0.3239516274770722, -0.4643876292393543, -0.21153053900343366, 0.05883106324229933, 0.20575968126649968, 0.12106569991616804, -0.012373254197882488, -0.23373881566415852, 0.11026970821937236, -0.23017465276643634, -0.08350842672158858, -0.02399602747755125, -0.04095595769952828, 0.01840375076668958, -0.2652022749631821, 0.021137348382277803, -0.0096225689194398, -0.03532981328316964, -0.01564120738961113, -0.1445250766216001, 0.04994626646900239, 0.20063248102572592, -0.008218721244096136, -0.007136283442378044, 0.15183897154565784, -0.0702044420443902, -0.14050818232741827, 0.34277765615843236, -0.01703754953147533, -0.17015901497021937, 0.18193952170258854, -0.03374532710586209, -0.23478881037832858, 0.10023615749742021, 0.1715709188162388, 0.0919155222121238, -0.2104794042534195, 0.04282863681025143, -0.010185289749642834, 0.1501371975367268, 0.049287318601273, 0.05719165892454233, 0.20700263352046022, 0.1925493503222242, 0.019615434862013597, 0.15497419258826994, -0.07872954395891914, -0.10942489277901284, -0.20809062952866952, -0.15388883502722214, -0.1927112883871208, -0.038247616592949875, -0.11078637891690353, -0.08082888361726266, 0.40771545524088043, 0.15507538403229168, 0.19010158406066088, 0.08053285839196178, 0.30584541722297826, 0.08207499420192714, 0.17891037082881667, 0.1363166354955562, 0.13932148087769747, 0.03748115975273928, 0.12194631253563178, -0.21123160451679723, 0.04193564957070824, 0.051962262150482275] |
708.3447 | Strings in SU(N) gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions: beyond the
fundamental representation | We calculate energies and tensions of closed k-strings in (2+1)-dimensional
SU(N) gauge theories with N=4,5,6,8. When we study the dependence of the ground
state energy on the string length, we find that it is well described by a
Nambu-Goto (NG) free bosonic string for large lengths. At shorter lengths we
see deviations which we fit, and this allows us to control the systematic error
involved in extracting the tension. We compare the resulting string tensions
with Casimir scaling, which we find to be lower than our data by 1%-4%.
Extrapolating our results to N=oo we see that our data fits more naturally to
1/N rather than 1/N^2 corrections. Finally, we see that the full spectrum of
the k-string states falls into sectors that belong to particular irreducible
representations of SU(N).
| hep-lat hep-th | we calculate energies and tensions of closed kstrings in 21dimensional sun gauge theories with n4568 when we study the dependence of the ground state energy on the string length we find that it is well described by a nambugoto ng free bosonic string for large lengths at shorter lengths we see deviations which we fit and this allows us to control the systematic error involved in extracting the tension we compare the resulting string tensions with casimir scaling which we find to be lower than our data by 14 extrapolating our results to noo we see that our data fits more naturally to 1n rather than 1n2 corrections finally we see that the full spectrum of the kstring states falls into sectors that belong to particular irreducible representations of sun | [['we', 'calculate', 'energies', 'and', 'tensions', 'of', 'closed', 'kstrings', 'in', '21dimensional', 'sun', 'gauge', 'theories', 'with', 'n4568', 'when', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'energy', 'on', 'the', 'string', 'length', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'well', 'described', 'by', 'a', 'nambugoto', 'ng', 'free', 'bosonic', 'string', 'for', 'large', 'lengths', 'at', 'shorter', 'lengths', 'we', 'see', 'deviations', 'which', 'we', 'fit', 'and', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'control', 'the', 'systematic', 'error', 'involved', 'in', 'extracting', 'the', 'tension', 'we', 'compare', 'the', 'resulting', 'string', 'tensions', 'with', 'casimir', 'scaling', 'which', 'we', 'find', 'to', 'be', 'lower', 'than', 'our', 'data', 'by', '14', 'extrapolating', 'our', 'results', 'to', 'noo', 'we', 'see', 'that', 'our', 'data', 'fits', 'more', 'naturally', 'to', '1n', 'rather', 'than', '1n2', 'corrections', 'finally', 'we', 'see', 'that', 'the', 'full', 'spectrum', 'of', 'the', 'kstring', 'states', 'falls', 'into', 'sectors', 'that', 'belong', 'to', 'particular', 'irreducible', 'representations', 'of', 'sun']] | [-0.08230779675474434, 0.17991238693497325, -0.10145771388228904, 0.15354970929956482, -0.051638311031454984, -0.10459992320948215, 0.053948819958568775, 0.33859470676695713, -0.20441354625288022, -0.3104774463748516, 0.03888317975648787, -0.30939259722861806, -0.08791402851180859, 0.1800535980381014, -0.015581476373973396, -0.009648438532251951, 0.039333419466405645, 0.04843302609673304, -0.11297102151943962, -0.24610729675826637, 0.3112138818350238, 0.04381825865152501, 0.25969523228271757, 0.06361463297403945, 0.024874801749305786, -0.003566013179834961, -0.00023947860107056853, 0.0341910256556589, -0.2075993716872438, 0.13148392679290702, 0.2257756119216756, 0.053181453622415546, 0.10541091153268205, -0.42565140943223423, -0.1926479227588216, 0.10945566797939439, 0.15782352708742137, 0.17635744370117626, 0.03916899666815993, -0.2557544214217815, 0.09036989536049754, -0.16865621351947388, -0.13731122204976143, -0.08377921353491355, 0.05253292718954572, -0.06751070506040498, -0.23726319569856102, 0.09470705827156645, 0.01166511686832839, 0.011972469790268314, -0.06825361192603632, -0.11904523939854472, -0.020319472686134914, 0.13277806953888913, 0.12681280052498733, 0.053957347536113025, 0.10919733705042406, -0.14082283080310035, -0.09413025014521192, 0.3693285796415898, -0.10197738071072435, -0.17709788724115882, 0.16408450686365597, -0.17011383212308667, -0.16345294411907824, 0.10968760474649973, 0.12339421210796103, 0.07103404410674359, -0.09461103588247459, 0.11136507646767503, -0.03599608624751081, 0.18646388608748418, 0.08994222153700138, 0.01909370381789383, 0.20226210413515106, 0.10136585895426918, 0.03679711751769795, 0.149973236693091, -0.07664034830933336, -0.11617059442765158, -0.3632325740574404, -0.09740225733943687, -0.12621910635259204, 0.09556822129886222, -0.09675466076830987, -0.14234441914415175, 0.37103647464352063, 0.1994631246956022, 0.22900524427175753, 0.14377496998879857, 0.22012596226535563, 0.11357764290310009, 0.10520680227981115, 0.11504809800517392, 0.23038031124733677, 0.09841669869316785, 0.03849341737669568, -0.24765925131406086, -0.08686165713033704, 0.06413734944306257] |
708.3448 | The host of GRB 060206: kinematics of a distant galaxy | We present early (starting 1.6h after the burst) WHT/ISIS optical
spectroscopy of the afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB 060206 detecting a
range of metal absorption lines and their fine-structure transitions.
Additional information is provided by the afterglow lightcurve. The resolution
and wavelength range of the spectra and the bright afterglow facilitate a
detailed study and fitting of the absorption line systems in order to derive
column densities. We also use deep imaging to detect the host galaxy and probe
the nature of an intervening system at z = 1.48 seen in absorption in the
afterglow spectra. We detect four discrete velocity systems in the resonant
metal absorption lines, best explained by shells within and/or around the host
created by starburst winds. The fine-structure lines have no less than three
components with strengths decreasing from the redmost components. We therefore
suggest that the fine-structure lines are best explained to be produced by UV
pumping from which follows that the redmost component is the one closest to the
burst where also NV was detected. The host is detected in deep HST imaging with
F814W_AB = 27.48 +- 0.19 mag and a 3 sigma upper limit of H = 20.6 mag (Vega)
is achieved. A candidate counterpart for the intervening absorption system is
detected as well, which is quite exceptional for an absorber in the sightline
towards a GRB afterglow. The intervening system shows no temporal evolution as
claimed by Hao et al. (2007) which we prove from our WHT spectra taken before
and Subaru spectra taken during the observations from Hao et al.
| astro-ph | we present early starting 16h after the burst whtisis optical spectroscopy of the afterglow of the gammaray burst grb 060206 detecting a range of metal absorption lines and their finestructure transitions additional information is provided by the afterglow lightcurve the resolution and wavelength range of the spectra and the bright afterglow facilitate a detailed study and fitting of the absorption line systems in order to derive column densities we also use deep imaging to detect the host galaxy and probe the nature of an intervening system at z 148 seen in absorption in the afterglow spectra we detect four discrete velocity systems in the resonant metal absorption lines best explained by shells within andor around the host created by starburst winds the finestructure lines have no less than three components with strengths decreasing from the redmost components we therefore suggest that the finestructure lines are best explained to be produced by uv pumping from which follows that the redmost component is the one closest to the burst where also nv was detected the host is detected in deep hst imaging with f814w_ab 2748 019 mag and a 3 sigma upper limit of h 206 mag vega is achieved a candidate counterpart for the intervening absorption system is detected as well which is quite exceptional for an absorber in the sightline towards a grb afterglow the intervening system shows no temporal evolution as claimed by hao et al 2007 which we prove from our wht spectra taken before and subaru spectra taken during the observations from hao et al | [['we', 'present', 'early', 'starting', '16h', 'after', 'the', 'burst', 'whtisis', 'optical', 'spectroscopy', 'of', 'the', 'afterglow', 'of', 'the', 'gammaray', 'burst', 'grb', '060206', 'detecting', 'a', 'range', 'of', 'metal', 'absorption', 'lines', 'and', 'their', 'finestructure', 'transitions', 'additional', 'information', 'is', 'provided', 'by', 'the', 'afterglow', 'lightcurve', 'the', 'resolution', 'and', 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0.11791455544937214, -0.21237001722453866, 0.07227912177204912, 0.02018251509046914] |
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