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709.0135
An improved solar wind electron-density model for pulsar timing
Variations in the solar wind density introduce variable delays into pulsar timing observations. Current pulsar timing analysis programs only implement simple models of the solar wind, which not only limit the timing accuracy, but can also affect measurements of pulsar rotational, astrometric and orbital parameters. We describe a new model of the solar wind electron density content which uses observations from the Wilcox Solar Observatory of the solar magnetic field. We have implemented this model into the tempo2 pulsar timing package. We show that this model is more accurate than previous models and that these corrections are necessary for high precision pulsar timing applications.
astro-ph
variations in the solar wind density introduce variable delays into pulsar timing observations current pulsar timing analysis programs only implement simple models of the solar wind which not only limit the timing accuracy but can also affect measurements of pulsar rotational astrometric and orbital parameters we describe a new model of the solar wind electron density content which uses observations from the wilcox solar observatory of the solar magnetic field we have implemented this model into the tempo2 pulsar timing package we show that this model is more accurate than previous models and that these corrections are necessary for high precision pulsar timing applications
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709.0136
On the Vertices of Indecomposable Modules Over Dihedral 2-Groups
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We compute the vertices of all indecomposable $kD_8$-modules for the dihedral group $D_8$ of order 8. We also give a conjectural formula of the induced module of a string module from $kT_0$ to $kG$ where $G$ is a dihedral group of order $\geq 8$ and where $T_0$ is a dihedral subgroup of index 2 of $G$. Some cases where we verified this formula are given.
math.GR math.RA
let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2 we compute the vertices of all indecomposable kd_8modules for the dihedral group d_8 of order 8 we also give a conjectural formula of the induced module of a string module from kt_0 to kg where g is a dihedral group of order geq 8 and where t_0 is a dihedral subgroup of index 2 of g some cases where we verified this formula are given
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709.0137
Hadronic charmless B decays B-> AP
The two-body hadronic decays of B mesons into pseudoscalar and axial vector mesons are studied within the framework of QCD factorization. The light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) for $^3P_1$ and $^1P_1$ axial-vector mesons have been evaluated using the QCD sum rule method. Owing to the G-parity, the chiral-even two-parton light-cone distribution amplitudes of the $^3P_1$ ($^1P_1$) mesons are symmetric (antisymmetric) under the exchange of quark and anti-quark momentum fractions in the SU(3) limit. For chiral-odd LCDAs, it is other way around. The main results are the following: (i) The predicted rates for $a_1^\pm(1260)\pi^\mp$, $b_1^\pm(1235)\pi^\mp$, $b_1^0(1235)\pi^-$, $a_1^+K^-$ and $b_1^+K^-$ modes are in good agreement with the data. However, the naively expected ratios $Br(B^-\to a_1^0\pi^-)/Br(\ov B^0\to a_1^+\pi^-)\leq 1$, $Br(B^-\to a_1^-\pi^0)/Br(\ov B^0\to a_1^-\pi^+)\sim {1\over 2}$ and $Br(B^-\to b_1^0K^-)/Br(\ov B^0\to b_1^+K^-)\sim {1\over 2}$ are not borne out by experiment. This should be clarified by the improved measurements of these decays. (ii) Since the $\bar B\to b_1K$ decays receive sizable annihilation contributions, their rates are sensitive to the interference between penguin and annihilation terms. The measurement of $Br(\bar B^0\to b_1^+K^-)$ implies a destructive interference which in turn indicates that the form factors for $B\to b_1$ and $B\to a_1$ transitions are of opposite signs. (iii) Sizable power corrections such as weak annihilation are needed to account for the observed rates of the penguin-dominated modes $K_1^-(1270)\pi^+$ and $K_1^-(1400)\pi^+$.
hep-ph hep-ex
the twobody hadronic decays of b mesons into pseudoscalar and axial vector mesons are studied within the framework of qcd factorization the lightcone distribution amplitudes lcdas for 3p_1 and 1p_1 axialvector mesons have been evaluated using the qcd sum rule method owing to the gparity the chiraleven twoparton lightcone distribution amplitudes of the 3p_1 1p_1 mesons are symmetric antisymmetric under the exchange of quark and antiquark momentum fractions in the su3 limit for chiralodd lcdas it is other way around the main results are the following i the predicted rates for a_1pm1260pimp b_1pm1235pimp b_101235pi a_1k and b_1k modes are in good agreement with the data however the naively expected ratios brbto a_10pibrov b0to a_1pileq 1 brbto a_1pi0brov b0to a_1pisim 1over 2 and brbto b_10kbrov b0to b_1ksim 1over 2 are not borne out by experiment this should be clarified by the improved measurements of these decays ii since the bar bto b_1k decays receive sizable annihilation contributions their rates are sensitive to the interference between penguin and annihilation terms the measurement of brbar b0to b_1k implies a destructive interference which in turn indicates that the form factors for bto b_1 and bto a_1 transitions are of opposite signs iii sizable power corrections such as weak annihilation are needed to account for the observed rates of the penguindominated modes k_11270pi and k_11400pi
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709.0138
Feature selection for high dimensional data in astronomy
With an exponentially increasing amount of astronomical data, the complexity and dimension of astronomical data are likewise growing rapidly. Extracting information from such data becomes a critical and challenging problem. For example, some algorithms can only be employed in the low-dimensional spaces, so feature selection and feature extraction become important topics. Here we describe the difference between feature selection and feature extraction methods, and introduce the taxonomy of feature selection methods as well as the characteristics of each method. We present a case study comparing the performance and computational cost of different feature selection methods. For the filter method, ReliefF and fisher filter are adopted; for the wrapper method, improved CHAID, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Naive Bayes (NB) and C4.5 are taken as learners. Applied on the sample, the result indicates that from the viewpoints of computational cost the filter method is superior to the wrapper method. Moreover, different learning algorithms combined with appropriate feature selection methods may arrive at better performance.
astro-ph
with an exponentially increasing amount of astronomical data the complexity and dimension of astronomical data are likewise growing rapidly extracting information from such data becomes a critical and challenging problem for example some algorithms can only be employed in the lowdimensional spaces so feature selection and feature extraction become important topics here we describe the difference between feature selection and feature extraction methods and introduce the taxonomy of feature selection methods as well as the characteristics of each method we present a case study comparing the performance and computational cost of different feature selection methods for the filter method relieff and fisher filter are adopted for the wrapper method improved chaid linear discriminant analysis lda naive bayes nb and c45 are taken as learners applied on the sample the result indicates that from the viewpoints of computational cost the filter method is superior to the wrapper method moreover different learning algorithms combined with appropriate feature selection methods may arrive at better performance
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709.0139
Non-Regular Likelihood Inference for Seasonally Persistent Processes
The estimation of parameters in the frequency spectrum of a seasonally persistent stationary stochastic process is addressed. For seasonal persistence associated with a pole in the spectrum located away from frequency zero, a new Whittle-type likelihood is developed that explicitly acknowledges the location of the pole. This Whittle likelihood is a large sample approximation to the distribution of the periodogram over a chosen grid of frequencies, and constitutes an approximation to the time-domain likelihood of the data, via the linear transformation of an inverse discrete Fourier transform combined with a demodulation. The new likelihood is straightforward to compute, and as will be demonstrated has good, yet non-standard, properties. The asymptotic behaviour of the proposed likelihood estimators is studied; in particular, $N$-consistency of the estimator of the spectral pole location is established. Large finite sample and asymptotic distributions of the score and observed Fisher information are given, and the corresponding distributions of the maximum likelihood estimators are deduced. A study of the small sample properties of the likelihood approximation is provided, and its superior performance to previously suggested methods is shown, as well as agreement with the developed distributional approximations.
stat.ME stat.AP
the estimation of parameters in the frequency spectrum of a seasonally persistent stationary stochastic process is addressed for seasonal persistence associated with a pole in the spectrum located away from frequency zero a new whittletype likelihood is developed that explicitly acknowledges the location of the pole this whittle likelihood is a large sample approximation to the distribution of the periodogram over a chosen grid of frequencies and constitutes an approximation to the timedomain likelihood of the data via the linear transformation of an inverse discrete fourier transform combined with a demodulation the new likelihood is straightforward to compute and as will be demonstrated has good yet nonstandard properties the asymptotic behaviour of the proposed likelihood estimators is studied in particular nconsistency of the estimator of the spectral pole location is established large finite sample and asymptotic distributions of the score and observed fisher information are given and the corresponding distributions of the maximum likelihood estimators are deduced a study of the small sample properties of the likelihood approximation is provided and its superior performance to previously suggested methods is shown as well as agreement with the developed distributional approximations
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709.014
Perturbation Theory of Coulomb Gauge Yang-Mills Theory Within the First Order Formalism
Perturbative Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory within the first order formalism is considered. Using a differential equation technique and dimensional regularization, analytic results for both the ultraviolet divergent and finite parts of the two-point functions at one-loop order are derived. It is shown how the non-ultraviolet divergent parts of the results are finite at spacelike momenta with kinematical singularities on the light-cone and subsequent branch cuts extending into the timelike region.
hep-th hep-ph
perturbative coulomb gauge yangmills theory within the first order formalism is considered using a differential equation technique and dimensional regularization analytic results for both the ultraviolet divergent and finite parts of the twopoint functions at oneloop order are derived it is shown how the nonultraviolet divergent parts of the results are finite at spacelike momenta with kinematical singularities on the lightcone and subsequent branch cuts extending into the timelike region
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709.0141
Lens spaces given from L-space homology 3-spheres
We consider the problem when lens spaces are given from homology spheres, and demonstrate that many lens spaces are obtained from L-space homology sphere which the Ozsv\'ath Szab\'o's correction term $d(Y)$ is equal to 2. We show an inequality of slope and genus when $Y$ is L-space and $Y_p(K)$ is lens space.
math.GT
we consider the problem when lens spaces are given from homology spheres and demonstrate that many lens spaces are obtained from lspace homology sphere which the ozsvath szabos correction term dy is equal to 2 we show an inequality of slope and genus when y is lspace and y_pk is lens space
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709.0142
Quantum Reference Frames and the Classification of Rotationally-Invariant Maps
We give a convenient representation for any map that is covariant with respect to an irreducible representation of SU(2), and use this representation to analyze the evolution of a quantum directional reference frame when it is exploited as a resource for performing quantum operations. We introduce the moments of a quantum reference frame, which serve as a complete description of its properties as a frame, and investigate how many times a quantum directional reference frame represented by a spin-j system can be used to perform a certain quantum operation with a given probability of success. We provide a considerable generalization of previous results on the degradation of a reference frame, from which follows a classification of the dynamics of spin-j system under the repeated action of any covariant map with respect to SU(2).
quant-ph
we give a convenient representation for any map that is covariant with respect to an irreducible representation of su2 and use this representation to analyze the evolution of a quantum directional reference frame when it is exploited as a resource for performing quantum operations we introduce the moments of a quantum reference frame which serve as a complete description of its properties as a frame and investigate how many times a quantum directional reference frame represented by a spinj system can be used to perform a certain quantum operation with a given probability of success we provide a considerable generalization of previous results on the degradation of a reference frame from which follows a classification of the dynamics of spinj system under the repeated action of any covariant map with respect to su2
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709.0143
The Existence of Inner Cool Disks in the Low Hard State of Accreting Black Holes
The condensation of matter from a corona to a cool, optically thick inner disk is investigated for black hole X-ray transient systems in the low hard state. A description of a simple model for the exchange of energy and mass between corona and disk originating from thermal conduction is presented, taking into account the effect of Compton cooling of the corona by photons from the underlying disk. It is found that a weak, condensation-fed inner disk can be present in the low hard state of black hole transient systems for a range of luminosities which depend on the magnitude of the viscosity parameter. For $\alpha \sim 0.1-0.4$ an inner disk can exist for luminosities in the range $\sim 0.001- 0.02$ Eddington value. The model is applied to the X-ray observations of the black hole candidate sources GX 339-4 and Swift J1753.5-0127 in their low hard state. It is found that Compton cooling is important in the condensation process, leading to the maintenance of cool inner disks in both systems. As the results of the evaporation/condensation model are independent of the black hole mass, it is suggested that such inner cool disks may contribute to the optical and ultraviolet emission of low luminosity active galactic nuclei.
astro-ph
the condensation of matter from a corona to a cool optically thick inner disk is investigated for black hole xray transient systems in the low hard state a description of a simple model for the exchange of energy and mass between corona and disk originating from thermal conduction is presented taking into account the effect of compton cooling of the corona by photons from the underlying disk it is found that a weak condensationfed inner disk can be present in the low hard state of black hole transient systems for a range of luminosities which depend on the magnitude of the viscosity parameter for alpha sim 0104 an inner disk can exist for luminosities in the range sim 0001 002 eddington value the model is applied to the xray observations of the black hole candidate sources gx 3394 and swift j175350127 in their low hard state it is found that compton cooling is important in the condensation process leading to the maintenance of cool inner disks in both systems as the results of the evaporationcondensation model are independent of the black hole mass it is suggested that such inner cool disks may contribute to the optical and ultraviolet emission of low luminosity active galactic nuclei
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709.0144
The thermodynamics for a hadronic gas of fireballs with internal color structures and chiral fields
The thermodynamical partition function for a gas of color-singlet bags consisting of fundamental and adjoint particles in both $U(N_c)$ and $SU(N_c)$ group representations is reviewed in detail. The constituent particle species are assumed to satisfy various thermodynamical statistics. The gas of bags is probed to study the phase transition for a nuclear matter in the extreme conditions. These bags are interpreted as the Hagedorn states and they are the highly excited hadronic states which are produced below the phase transition point to the quark-gluon plasma. The hadronic density of states has the Gross-Witten critical point and exhibits a third order phase transition from a hadronic phase dominated by the discrete low-lying hadronic mass spectrum particles to another hadronic phase dominated by the continuous Hagedorn states. The Hagedorn threshold production is found just above the highest known experimental discrete low-lying hadronic mass spectrum. The subsequent Hagedorn phase undergoes a first order deconfinement phase transition to an explosive quark-gluon plasma. The role of the chiral phase transition in the phases of the discrete low-lying mass spectrum and the continuous Hagedorn mass spectrum is also considered. It is found crucial in the phase transition diagram. Alternate scenarios are briefly discussed for the Hagedorn gas undergoes a higher order phase transition through multi-processes of internal color-flavor structure modification.
nucl-th
the thermodynamical partition function for a gas of colorsinglet bags consisting of fundamental and adjoint particles in both un_c and sun_c group representations is reviewed in detail the constituent particle species are assumed to satisfy various thermodynamical statistics the gas of bags is probed to study the phase transition for a nuclear matter in the extreme conditions these bags are interpreted as the hagedorn states and they are the highly excited hadronic states which are produced below the phase transition point to the quarkgluon plasma the hadronic density of states has the grosswitten critical point and exhibits a third order phase transition from a hadronic phase dominated by the discrete lowlying hadronic mass spectrum particles to another hadronic phase dominated by the continuous hagedorn states the hagedorn threshold production is found just above the highest known experimental discrete lowlying hadronic mass spectrum the subsequent hagedorn phase undergoes a first order deconfinement phase transition to an explosive quarkgluon plasma the role of the chiral phase transition in the phases of the discrete lowlying mass spectrum and the continuous hagedorn mass spectrum is also considered it is found crucial in the phase transition diagram alternate scenarios are briefly discussed for the hagedorn gas undergoes a higher order phase transition through multiprocesses of internal colorflavor structure modification
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709.0145
Estimating Random Variables from Random Sparse Observations
Let X_1,...., X_n be a collection of iid discrete random variables, and Y_1,..., Y_m a set of noisy observations of such variables. Assume each observation Y_a to be a random function of some a random subset of the X_i's, and consider the conditional distribution of X_i given the observations, namely \mu_i(x_i)\equiv\prob\{X_i=x_i|Y\} (a posteriori probability). We establish a general relation between the distribution of \mu_i, and the fixed points of the associated density evolution operator. Such relation holds asymptotically in the large system limit, provided the average number of variables an observation depends on is bounded. We discuss the relevance of our result to a number of applications, ranging from sparse graph codes, to multi-user detection, to group testing.
cs.IT math.IT math.PR
let x_1 x_n be a collection of iid discrete random variables and y_1 y_m a set of noisy observations of such variables assume each observation y_a to be a random function of some a random subset of the x_is and consider the conditional distribution of x_i given the observations namely mu_ix_iequivprobx_ix_iy a posteriori probability we establish a general relation between the distribution of mu_i and the fixed points of the associated density evolution operator such relation holds asymptotically in the large system limit provided the average number of variables an observation depends on is bounded we discuss the relevance of our result to a number of applications ranging from sparse graph codes to multiuser detection to group testing
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709.0146
On orthogonal and special orthogonal invariants of a single matrix of small order
We study the structure of the algebra of polynomial invariants for the usual conjugation action of the complex special, SO_n, and general, O_n, orthogonal group on the space of traceless n by n complex matrices. (Note that these two algebras coincide if n is odd.) Minimal generating sets of these algebras are known for n less than 5. We construct one for n=5. We also construct a Hironaka decomposition in the case n=3 and a new (more economical) such decomposition for n=4. A simple presentation (with just one syzygy) is obtained for the algebra in the case n=3.
math.AC math-ph math.MP
we study the structure of the algebra of polynomial invariants for the usual conjugation action of the complex special so_n and general o_n orthogonal group on the space of traceless n by n complex matrices note that these two algebras coincide if n is odd minimal generating sets of these algebras are known for n less than 5 we construct one for n5 we also construct a hironaka decomposition in the case n3 and a new more economical such decomposition for n4 a simple presentation with just one syzygy is obtained for the algebra in the case n3
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709.0147
Spin Physics Program at RHIC-PHENIX
Longitudinal spin physics program at RHIC-PHENIX is introduced. Recent results of pi0 cross section and A_LL are presented and discussed.
hep-ex
longitudinal spin physics program at rhicphenix is introduced recent results of pi0 cross section and a_ll are presented and discussed
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709.0148
Entanglement of Accelerating Particles
We study how the entanglement of a maximally entangled pair of particles is affected when one or both of the pair are uniformly accelerated, while the detector remains in an inertial frame. We find that the entanglement is unchanged if all degrees of freedom are considered. However, particle pairs are produced, and the entanglements of different bipartite systems may change with the acceleration. In particular, the entanglement between accelerating fermions is transferred preferentially to the produced antiparticles when the acceleration is large, and the entanglement transfer is complete when the acceleration approaches infinity. However, for scalar particles, no entanglement transfer to the antiparticles is observed.
quant-ph
we study how the entanglement of a maximally entangled pair of particles is affected when one or both of the pair are uniformly accelerated while the detector remains in an inertial frame we find that the entanglement is unchanged if all degrees of freedom are considered however particle pairs are produced and the entanglements of different bipartite systems may change with the acceleration in particular the entanglement between accelerating fermions is transferred preferentially to the produced antiparticles when the acceleration is large and the entanglement transfer is complete when the acceleration approaches infinity however for scalar particles no entanglement transfer to the antiparticles is observed
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709.0149
Blackbody radiation shift in a 43Ca+ ion optical frequency standard
Motivated by the prospect of an optical frequency standard based on 43Ca+, we calculate the blackbody radiation (BBR) shift of the 4s_1/2-3d_5/2 clock transition, which is a major component of the uncertainty budget. The calculations are based on the relativistic all-order single-double method where all single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave function are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Additional calculations are conducted for the dominant contributions in order to evaluate some omitted high-order corrections and estimate the uncertainties of the final results. The BBR shift obtained for this transition is 0.38(1) Hz. The tensor polarizability of the 3d_5/2 level is also calculated and its uncertainty is evaluated as well. Our results are compared with other calculations.
quant-ph
motivated by the prospect of an optical frequency standard based on 43ca we calculate the blackbody radiation bbr shift of the 4s_123d_52 clock transition which is a major component of the uncertainty budget the calculations are based on the relativistic allorder singledouble method where all single and double excitations of the diracfock wave function are included to all orders of perturbation theory additional calculations are conducted for the dominant contributions in order to evaluate some omitted highorder corrections and estimate the uncertainties of the final results the bbr shift obtained for this transition is 0381 hz the tensor polarizability of the 3d_52 level is also calculated and its uncertainty is evaluated as well our results are compared with other calculations
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709.015
Realizability and exceptionality of candidate surface branched covers: methods and results
Given two closed orientable surfaces, the Hurwitz existence problem asks whether there exists a branched cover between them having prescribed global degree and local degrees over the branching points. The Riemann-Hurwitz formula gives a necessary condition, which was shown to be also sufficient when the base surface has positive genus. For the sphere one knows that for some data the cover exists and for some it does not, but the problem is still open in general. In this paper we will review five different techniques recently employed to attack it, and we will state the main results they have led to. To illustrate the techniques we will give five independent proofs of the fact that there is no branched cover of the sphere over itself with degree 4, three branching points, and local degrees (2,2), (2,2), and (3,1) over them (despite the fact that the Riemann-Hurwitz formula is satisfied).
math.GT
given two closed orientable surfaces the hurwitz existence problem asks whether there exists a branched cover between them having prescribed global degree and local degrees over the branching points the riemannhurwitz formula gives a necessary condition which was shown to be also sufficient when the base surface has positive genus for the sphere one knows that for some data the cover exists and for some it does not but the problem is still open in general in this paper we will review five different techniques recently employed to attack it and we will state the main results they have led to to illustrate the techniques we will give five independent proofs of the fact that there is no branched cover of the sphere over itself with degree 4 three branching points and local degrees 22 22 and 31 over them despite the fact that the riemannhurwitz formula is satisfied
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709.0151
Efficient generation of >2 W of green light by single pass frequency doubling in PPMgLN
We report 32% efficient frequency doubling of single frequency 1029 nm light to green light at 514.5 nm using a single pass configuration. A congruent composition, periodically poled magnesium doped lithium niobate (PPMgLN) crystal of 50 mm length was used to generate a second harmonic power of 2.3 W. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported frequency doubling efficiency of any wavelength light in a PPMgLN crystal and also the highest reported SHG output power in the green for PPMgLN.
physics.optics
we report 32 efficient frequency doubling of single frequency 1029 nm light to green light at 5145 nm using a single pass configuration a congruent composition periodically poled magnesium doped lithium niobate ppmgln crystal of 50 mm length was used to generate a second harmonic power of 23 w to our knowledge this is the highest reported frequency doubling efficiency of any wavelength light in a ppmgln crystal and also the highest reported shg output power in the green for ppmgln
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709.0152
Do Nonequilibrium Processes Have Features in Common?
The nature takes the easiest and most accessible paths and, hence, processes are accomplished very quickly in a minimum time. In 1662 P. Fermat used this principle to work out the refraction law. This was one of the first known attempts at successful deductive description of a physical phenomenon involving the variational principle. Presently researchers concerned with nonequilibrium processes have turned back to Fermat's idea in the form of the maximum entropy production principle (MEPP). MEPP has proved to be good for understanding and description of diverse nonequilibrium processes in physics, chemistry and biology. This brings up two questions: 1) Can this principle claim to be the basis of all nonequilibrium physics? 2) Is it possible to prove MEPP?
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other
the nature takes the easiest and most accessible paths and hence processes are accomplished very quickly in a minimum time in 1662 p fermat used this principle to work out the refraction law this was one of the first known attempts at successful deductive description of a physical phenomenon involving the variational principle presently researchers concerned with nonequilibrium processes have turned back to fermats idea in the form of the maximum entropy production principle mepp mepp has proved to be good for understanding and description of diverse nonequilibrium processes in physics chemistry and biology this brings up two questions 1 can this principle claim to be the basis of all nonequilibrium physics 2 is it possible to prove mepp
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709.0153
Optical vortex coronagraphs on ground-based telescopes
The optical vortex coronagraph is potentially a remarkably effective device, at least for an ideal unobstructed telescope. Most ground-based telescopes however suffer from central obscuration and also have to operate through the aberrations of the turbulent atmosphere. This note analyzes the performance of the optical vortex in these circumstances and compares to some other designs, showing that it performs similarly in this situation. There is a large class of coronagraphs of this general type, and choosing between them in particular applications depends on details of performance at small off-axis distances and uniformity of response in the focal plane. Issues of manufacturability to the necessary tolerances are also likely to be important.
astro-ph
the optical vortex coronagraph is potentially a remarkably effective device at least for an ideal unobstructed telescope most groundbased telescopes however suffer from central obscuration and also have to operate through the aberrations of the turbulent atmosphere this note analyzes the performance of the optical vortex in these circumstances and compares to some other designs showing that it performs similarly in this situation there is a large class of coronagraphs of this general type and choosing between them in particular applications depends on details of performance at small offaxis distances and uniformity of response in the focal plane issues of manufacturability to the necessary tolerances are also likely to be important
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709.0154
Generalised thermostatistics using hyperensembles
The hyperensembles, introduced by Crooks in a context of non-equilibrium statistical physics, are considered here as a tool for systems in equilibrium. Simple examples like the ideal gas, the mean-field model, and the Ising interaction on small square lattices, are worked out to illustrate the concepts.
cond-mat.stat-mech
the hyperensembles introduced by crooks in a context of nonequilibrium statistical physics are considered here as a tool for systems in equilibrium simple examples like the ideal gas the meanfield model and the ising interaction on small square lattices are worked out to illustrate the concepts
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709.0155
Transition Phenomena Induced by Internal Noise and Quasi-absorbing State
We study a simple chemical reaction system and effects of the internal noise. The chemical reaction system causes the same transition phenomenon discussed by Togashi and Kaneko [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 2459; J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72 (2003) 62]. By using the simpler model than Togashi-Kaneko's one, we discuss the transition phenomenon by means of a random walk model and an effective model. The discussion makes it clear that quasi-absorbing states, which are produced by the change of the strength of the internal noise, play an important role in the transition phenomenon. Stabilizing the quasi-absorbing states causes bifurcation of the peaks in the stationary probability distribution discontinuously.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we study a simple chemical reaction system and effects of the internal noise the chemical reaction system causes the same transition phenomenon discussed by togashi and kaneko phys rev lett 86 2001 2459 j phys soc jpn 72 2003 62 by using the simpler model than togashikanekos one we discuss the transition phenomenon by means of a random walk model and an effective model the discussion makes it clear that quasiabsorbing states which are produced by the change of the strength of the internal noise play an important role in the transition phenomenon stabilizing the quasiabsorbing states causes bifurcation of the peaks in the stationary probability distribution discontinuously
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709.0156
The solution of the Minkowski problem for closed surfaces in Riemannian space
Author of this article created for the first time the method for finding solutions of the Minkowski problem for closed surfaces in Riemannian space.
math.DG math.AP
author of this article created for the first time the method for finding solutions of the minkowski problem for closed surfaces in riemannian space
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709.0157
The effect of partonic wind on charm quark correlations in high-energy nuclear collisions
In high-energy collisions, massive heavy quarks are produced back-to-back initially and they are sensitive to early dynamical conditions. The strong collective partonic wind from the fast expanding quark-gluon plasma created in high-energy nuclear collisions modifies the correlation pattern significantly. As a result, the angular correlation function for D$\bar{\rm D}$ pairs is suppressed at the angle $\Delta\phi=\pi$. While the hot and dense medium in collisions at RHIC ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV) can only smear the initial back-to-back D$\bar {\rm D}$ correlation, a clear and strong near side D$\bar{\rm D}$ correlation is expected at LHC ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5500$ GeV).
nucl-th
in highenergy collisions massive heavy quarks are produced backtoback initially and they are sensitive to early dynamical conditions the strong collective partonic wind from the fast expanding quarkgluon plasma created in highenergy nuclear collisions modifies the correlation pattern significantly as a result the angular correlation function for dbarrm d pairs is suppressed at the angle deltaphipi while the hot and dense medium in collisions at rhic sqrts_nn200 gev can only smear the initial backtoback dbar rm d correlation a clear and strong near side dbarrm d correlation is expected at lhc sqrts_nn5500 gev
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709.0158
The Christoffel problem and two analogs of the Minkowski problem in Riemannian space
Author finds the solutions of the Christoffel problem for open and closed surfaces in Riemannian space. The Christoffel problem is reduced to the problem of construction the continuous G-deformations preserving the sum of principal radii of curvature for every point of surface in Riemannian space. G-deformation transfers every normal vector of surface in parallel along the path of the translation for each point of surface. The following analogs of the Minkowski problem for open and closed surfaces in Riemannian space are being considered in this article: 1) the problem of construction the surface with prescribed mean curvature and condition of G-deformation; 2) the problem of construction the deformations preserving the area of each arbitrary region of surface and condition of G-deformation.
math.DG math.AP
author finds the solutions of the christoffel problem for open and closed surfaces in riemannian space the christoffel problem is reduced to the problem of construction the continuous gdeformations preserving the sum of principal radii of curvature for every point of surface in riemannian space gdeformation transfers every normal vector of surface in parallel along the path of the translation for each point of surface the following analogs of the minkowski problem for open and closed surfaces in riemannian space are being considered in this article 1 the problem of construction the surface with prescribed mean curvature and condition of gdeformation 2 the problem of construction the deformations preserving the area of each arbitrary region of surface and condition of gdeformation
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709.0159
An empirical behavioral model of liquidity and volatility
We develop a behavioral model for liquidity and volatility based on empirical regularities in trading order flow in the London Stock Exchange. This can be viewed as a very simple agent based model in which all components of the model are validated against real data. Our empirical studies of order flow uncover several interesting regularities in the way trading orders are placed and cancelled. The resulting simple model of order flow is used to simulate price formation under a continuous double auction, and the statistical properties of the resulting simulated sequence of prices are compared to those of real data. The model is constructed using one stock (AZN) and tested on 24 other stocks. For low volatility, small tick size stocks (called Group I) the predictions are very good, but for stocks outside Group I they are not good. For Group I, the model predicts the correct magnitude and functional form of the distribution of the volatility and the bid-ask spread, without adjusting any parameters based on prices. This suggests that at least for Group I stocks, the volatility and heavy tails of prices are related to market microstructure effects, and supports the hypothesis that, at least on short time scales, the large fluctuations of absolute returns are well described by a power law with an exponent that varies from stock to stock.
q-fin.ST physics.soc-ph
we develop a behavioral model for liquidity and volatility based on empirical regularities in trading order flow in the london stock exchange this can be viewed as a very simple agent based model in which all components of the model are validated against real data our empirical studies of order flow uncover several interesting regularities in the way trading orders are placed and cancelled the resulting simple model of order flow is used to simulate price formation under a continuous double auction and the statistical properties of the resulting simulated sequence of prices are compared to those of real data the model is constructed using one stock azn and tested on 24 other stocks for low volatility small tick size stocks called group i the predictions are very good but for stocks outside group i they are not good for group i the model predicts the correct magnitude and functional form of the distribution of the volatility and the bidask spread without adjusting any parameters based on prices this suggests that at least for group i stocks the volatility and heavy tails of prices are related to market microstructure effects and supports the hypothesis that at least on short time scales the large fluctuations of absolute returns are well described by a power law with an exponent that varies from stock to stock
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709.016
The Lunar Cherenkov Technique: From Parkes Onwards
The lunar Cherenkov technique, which aims to detect the coherent Cherenkov radiation produced when UHE particles interact in the lunar regolith, was first attempted with the Parkes radio-telescope in 1995, though the theory was not sufficiently developed at this time to calculate a limit on the UHE neutrino flux from the non-observation. Since then, the technique has evolved to include experiments utilising lower frequencies, wider bandwidths, and entire arrays of antenna. We develop a simulation to analyse the full range of experiments, and calculate the UHE neutrino flux limit from the Parkes experiment, including the directional dependence. Our results suggest a methodology for planning future observations, and demonstrate how to utilise all available information on the nature of radio pulses from the Moon for the detection of UHE particles.
astro-ph
the lunar cherenkov technique which aims to detect the coherent cherenkov radiation produced when uhe particles interact in the lunar regolith was first attempted with the parkes radiotelescope in 1995 though the theory was not sufficiently developed at this time to calculate a limit on the uhe neutrino flux from the nonobservation since then the technique has evolved to include experiments utilising lower frequencies wider bandwidths and entire arrays of antenna we develop a simulation to analyse the full range of experiments and calculate the uhe neutrino flux limit from the parkes experiment including the directional dependence our results suggest a methodology for planning future observations and demonstrate how to utilise all available information on the nature of radio pulses from the moon for the detection of uhe particles
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709.0161
Integral equation for gauge invariant quark two-point Green's function in QCD
Gauge invariant quark two-point Green's functions defined with path-ordered gluon field phase factors along skew-polygonal lines joining the quark to the antiquark are considered. Functional relations between Green's functions with different numbers of path segments are established. An integral equation is obtained for the Green's function defined with a phase factor along a single straight line. The equation implicates an infinite series of two-point Green's functions, having an increasing number of path segments; the related kernels involve Wilson loops with contours corresponding to the skew-polygonal lines of the accompanying Green's function and with functional derivatives along the sides of the contours. The series can be viewed as an expansion in terms of the global number of the functional derivatives of the Wilson loops. The lowest-order kernel, which involves a Wilson loop with two functional derivatives, provides the framework for an approximate resolution of the equation.
hep-ph
gauge invariant quark twopoint greens functions defined with pathordered gluon field phase factors along skewpolygonal lines joining the quark to the antiquark are considered functional relations between greens functions with different numbers of path segments are established an integral equation is obtained for the greens function defined with a phase factor along a single straight line the equation implicates an infinite series of twopoint greens functions having an increasing number of path segments the related kernels involve wilson loops with contours corresponding to the skewpolygonal lines of the accompanying greens function and with functional derivatives along the sides of the contours the series can be viewed as an expansion in terms of the global number of the functional derivatives of the wilson loops the lowestorder kernel which involves a wilson loop with two functional derivatives provides the framework for an approximate resolution of the equation
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709.0162
Trotter Derivation of Algorithms for Brownian and Dissipative Particle Dynamics
This paper focuses on the temporal discretization of the Langevin dynamics, and on different resulting numerical integration schemes. Using a method based on the exponentiation of time dependent operators, we carefully derive a numerical scheme for the Langevin dynamics, that we found equivalent to the proposal of Ermak, and not simply to the stochastic version of the velocity-Verlet algorithm. However, we checked on numerical simulations that both algorithms give similar results, and share the same ``weak order two'' accuracy. We then apply the same strategy to derive and test two numerical schemes for the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The first one of them was found to compare well, in terms of speed and accuracy, with the best currently available algorithms.
cond-mat.stat-mech
this paper focuses on the temporal discretization of the langevin dynamics and on different resulting numerical integration schemes using a method based on the exponentiation of time dependent operators we carefully derive a numerical scheme for the langevin dynamics that we found equivalent to the proposal of ermak and not simply to the stochastic version of the velocityverlet algorithm however we checked on numerical simulations that both algorithms give similar results and share the same weak order two accuracy we then apply the same strategy to derive and test two numerical schemes for the dissipative particle dynamics dpd the first one of them was found to compare well in terms of speed and accuracy with the best currently available algorithms
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709.0163
Induced gravity and entanglement entropy of 2D black holes
Using the fact that 2D Newton constant is wholly induced by a conformal field theory, we derive a formula for the entanglement entropy of the anti-de Sitter black hole in two spacetime dimensions. The leading term in the large black hole mass expansion of our formula reproduces exactly the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_{BH}, whereas the subleading term behaves as ln S_{BH}. This subleading term has the universal form typical for the entanglement entropy of physical systems described by effective conformal fields theories (e.g. one-dimensional statistical models at the critical point).
hep-th
using the fact that 2d newton constant is wholly induced by a conformal field theory we derive a formula for the entanglement entropy of the antide sitter black hole in two spacetime dimensions the leading term in the large black hole mass expansion of our formula reproduces exactly the bekensteinhawking entropy s_bh whereas the subleading term behaves as ln s_bh this subleading term has the universal form typical for the entanglement entropy of physical systems described by effective conformal fields theories eg onedimensional statistical models at the critical point
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709.0164
Magnetic Ordering of Nuclear Spins in an Interacting 2D Electron Gas
We investigate the magnetic behavior of nuclear spins embedded in a 2D interacting electron gas using a Kondo lattice model description. We derive an effective magnetic Hamiltonian for the nuclear spins which is of the RKKY type and where the interactions between the nuclear spins are strongly modified by the electron-electron interactions. We show that the nuclear magnetic ordering at finite temperature relies on the (anomalous) behavior of the 2D static electron spin susceptibility, and thus provides a connection between low-dimensional magnetism and non-analyticities in interacting 2D electron systems. Using various perturbative and non-perturbative approximation schemes in order to establish the general shape of the electron spin susceptibility as function of its wave vector, we show that the nuclear spins locally order ferromagnetically, and that this ordering can become global in certain regimes of interest. We demonstrate that the associated Curie temperature for the nuclear system increases with the electron-electron interactions up to the millikelvin range.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we investigate the magnetic behavior of nuclear spins embedded in a 2d interacting electron gas using a kondo lattice model description we derive an effective magnetic hamiltonian for the nuclear spins which is of the rkky type and where the interactions between the nuclear spins are strongly modified by the electronelectron interactions we show that the nuclear magnetic ordering at finite temperature relies on the anomalous behavior of the 2d static electron spin susceptibility and thus provides a connection between lowdimensional magnetism and nonanalyticities in interacting 2d electron systems using various perturbative and nonperturbative approximation schemes in order to establish the general shape of the electron spin susceptibility as function of its wave vector we show that the nuclear spins locally order ferromagnetically and that this ordering can become global in certain regimes of interest we demonstrate that the associated curie temperature for the nuclear system increases with the electronelectron interactions up to the millikelvin range
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709.0165
Of mice and men: Sparse statistical modeling in cardiovascular genomics
In high-throughput genomics, large-scale designed experiments are becoming common, and analysis approaches based on highly multivariate regression and anova concepts are key tools. Shrinkage models of one form or another can provide comprehensive approaches to the problems of simultaneous inference that involve implicit multiple comparisons over the many, many parameters representing effects of design factors and covariates. We use such approaches here in a study of cardiovascular genomics. The primary experimental context concerns a carefully designed, and rich, gene expression study focused on gene-environment interactions, with the goals of identifying genes implicated in connection with disease states and known risk factors, and in generating expression signatures as proxies for such risk factors. A coupled exploratory analysis investigates cross-species extrapolation of gene expression signatures--how these mouse-model signatures translate to humans. The latter involves exploration of sparse latent factor analysis of human observational data and of how it relates to projected risk signatures derived in the animal models. The study also highlights a range of applied statistical and genomic data analysis issues, including model specification, computational questions and model-based correction of experimental artifacts in DNA microarray data.
stat.AP
in highthroughput genomics largescale designed experiments are becoming common and analysis approaches based on highly multivariate regression and anova concepts are key tools shrinkage models of one form or another can provide comprehensive approaches to the problems of simultaneous inference that involve implicit multiple comparisons over the many many parameters representing effects of design factors and covariates we use such approaches here in a study of cardiovascular genomics the primary experimental context concerns a carefully designed and rich gene expression study focused on geneenvironment interactions with the goals of identifying genes implicated in connection with disease states and known risk factors and in generating expression signatures as proxies for such risk factors a coupled exploratory analysis investigates crossspecies extrapolation of gene expression signatureshow these mousemodel signatures translate to humans the latter involves exploration of sparse latent factor analysis of human observational data and of how it relates to projected risk signatures derived in the animal models the study also highlights a range of applied statistical and genomic data analysis issues including model specification computational questions and modelbased correction of experimental artifacts in dna microarray data
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709.0166
Constraining Dark Matter hypothesis through Diffuse Source observations with the GLAST-LAT detector
The Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), scheduled to be launched in Fall 2007, is a next generation high energy gamma-ray observatory. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on-board GLAST with a wide field of view ($>$ 2 sr), large effective area and 20 MeV to $>$300 GeV energy range, will provide excellent opportunity for future Dark Matter studies. We present an overview of the GLAST Dark Matter and New Physics Working Group efforts in the study of the LAT capability to detect a gamma-ray flux coming from WIMP pair annihilations in diffuse astrophysical sources. Particular attention will be given to extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray radiation and line searches from annihilation into gamma-gamma and/or gamma-Z final states.
astro-ph
the gammaray large area space telescope glast scheduled to be launched in fall 2007 is a next generation high energy gammaray observatory the large area telescope lat instrument onboard glast with a wide field of view 2 sr large effective area and 20 mev to 300 gev energy range will provide excellent opportunity for future dark matter studies we present an overview of the glast dark matter and new physics working group efforts in the study of the lat capability to detect a gammaray flux coming from wimp pair annihilations in diffuse astrophysical sources particular attention will be given to extragalactic diffuse gammaray radiation and line searches from annihilation into gammagamma andor gammaz final states
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709.0167
Covariant anomaly and Hawking radiation from the modified black hole in the rainbow gravity theory
Recently, Banerjee and Kulkarni (R. Banerjee, S. Kulkarni, arXiv:0707.2449 [hep-th]) suggested that it is conceptually clean and economical to use only the covariant anomaly to derive Hawking radiation from a black hole. Based upon this simplified formalism, we apply the covariant anomaly cancellation method to investigate Hawking radiation from a modified Schwarzschild black hole in the theory of rainbow gravity. Hawking temperature of the gravity's rainbow black hole is derived from the energy-momentum flux by requiring it to cancel the covariant gravitational anomaly at the horizon. We stress that this temperature is exactly the same as that calculated by the method of cancelling the consistent anomaly.
hep-th gr-qc
recently banerjee and kulkarni r banerjee s kulkarni arxiv07072449 hepth suggested that it is conceptually clean and economical to use only the covariant anomaly to derive hawking radiation from a black hole based upon this simplified formalism we apply the covariant anomaly cancellation method to investigate hawking radiation from a modified schwarzschild black hole in the theory of rainbow gravity hawking temperature of the gravitys rainbow black hole is derived from the energymomentum flux by requiring it to cancel the covariant gravitational anomaly at the horizon we stress that this temperature is exactly the same as that calculated by the method of cancelling the consistent anomaly
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709.0168
Gravitational waves from 3D MHD core collapse simulations
We present the gravitational wave analysis from rotating (model s15g) and nearly non-rotating (model s15h) 3D MHD core collapse supernova simulations at bounce and the first couple of ten milliseconds afterwards. The simulations are launched from 15M_{\odot} progenitor models stemming from stellar evolution calculations. Gravity is implemented by a spherically symmetric effective general relativistic potential. The input physics uses the Lattimer-Swesty equation of state for hot, dense matter and a neutrino parametrisation scheme that is accurate until the first few ms after bounce. The 3D simulations allow us to study features already known from 2D simulations as well as nonaxisymmetric effects. In agreement with recent results we find only type I gravitational wave signals at core bounce. In the later stage of the simulations, one of our models (s15g) shows nonaxisymmetric gravitational wave emission caused by a low T/|W| dynamical instability, while the other model radiates gravitational waves due to a convective instability in the protoneutron star. The total energy released in gravitational waves within the considered time intervals is 1.52\times10^{-7}M_{\odot} (s15g) and 4.72\times10^{-10}M_{\odot} (s15h). Both core collapse simulations indicate that corresponding events in our Galaxy would be detectable either by the LIGO or Advanced LIGO detector.
astro-ph
we present the gravitational wave analysis from rotating model s15g and nearly nonrotating model s15h 3d mhd core collapse supernova simulations at bounce and the first couple of ten milliseconds afterwards the simulations are launched from 15m_odot progenitor models stemming from stellar evolution calculations gravity is implemented by a spherically symmetric effective general relativistic potential the input physics uses the lattimerswesty equation of state for hot dense matter and a neutrino parametrisation scheme that is accurate until the first few ms after bounce the 3d simulations allow us to study features already known from 2d simulations as well as nonaxisymmetric effects in agreement with recent results we find only type i gravitational wave signals at core bounce in the later stage of the simulations one of our models s15g shows nonaxisymmetric gravitational wave emission caused by a low tw dynamical instability while the other model radiates gravitational waves due to a convective instability in the protoneutron star the total energy released in gravitational waves within the considered time intervals is 152times107m_odot s15g and 472times1010m_odot s15h both core collapse simulations indicate that corresponding events in our galaxy would be detectable either by the ligo or advanced ligo detector
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709.0169
Quantitative optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen towards HH91A
Integral-field spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen in the optical wavelength region and complementary long-slit near-infrared spectroscopy are presented towards HH91A.The detection of some 200 H_2 lines arising from ro-vibrational levels up to v'=8 ranging between 7700A and 2.3 microns is reported. The emission arises from thermally excited gas where the bulk of the material is at 2750 K and where 1% is at 6000 K. The total column density of shocked gas is N(H_2) = 10^{18} cm^{-2}. Non-thermal excitation scenarios such as UV-fluorescence do not contribute to the excitation of H_2 towards HH91A. The emission is explained in terms of a slow non-dissociative J-shock which propagates into a low-density medium which has been swept-up by previous episodes of outflows which have occurred in the evolved HH90/91 complex.
astro-ph
integralfield spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen in the optical wavelength region and complementary longslit nearinfrared spectroscopy are presented towards hh91athe detection of some 200 h_2 lines arising from rovibrational levels up to v8 ranging between 7700a and 23 microns is reported the emission arises from thermally excited gas where the bulk of the material is at 2750 k and where 1 is at 6000 k the total column density of shocked gas is nh_2 1018 cm2 nonthermal excitation scenarios such as uvfluorescence do not contribute to the excitation of h_2 towards hh91a the emission is explained in terms of a slow nondissociative jshock which propagates into a lowdensity medium which has been sweptup by previous episodes of outflows which have occurred in the evolved hh9091 complex
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709.017
Untangling a Planar Graph
A straight-line drawing $\delta$ of a planar graph $G$ need not be plane, but can be made so by \emph{untangling} it, that is, by moving some of the vertices of $G$. Let shift$(G,\delta)$ denote the minimum number of vertices that need to be moved to untangle $\delta$. We show that shift$(G,\delta)$ is NP-hard to compute and to approximate. Our hardness results extend to a version of \textsc{1BendPointSetEmbeddability}, a well-known graph-drawing problem. Further we define fix$(G,\delta)=n-shift(G,\delta)$ to be the maximum number of vertices of a planar $n$-vertex graph $G$ that can be fixed when untangling $\delta$. We give an algorithm that fixes at least $\sqrt{((\log n)-1)/\log \log n}$ vertices when untangling a drawing of an $n$-vertex graph $G$. If $G$ is outerplanar, the same algorithm fixes at least $\sqrt{n/2}$ vertices. On the other hand we construct, for arbitrarily large $n$, an $n$-vertex planar graph $G$ and a drawing $\delta_G$ of $G$ with fix$(G,\delta_G) \le \sqrt{n-2}+1$ and an $n$-vertex outerplanar graph $H$ and a drawing $\delta_H$ of $H$ with fix$(H,\delta_H) \le 2 \sqrt{n-1}+1$. Thus our algorithm is asymptotically worst-case optimal for outerplanar graphs.
cs.CG cs.DM
a straightline drawing delta of a planar graph g need not be plane but can be made so by emphuntangling it that is by moving some of the vertices of g let shiftgdelta denote the minimum number of vertices that need to be moved to untangle delta we show that shiftgdelta is nphard to compute and to approximate our hardness results extend to a version of textsc1bendpointsetembeddability a wellknown graphdrawing problem further we define fixgdeltanshiftgdelta to be the maximum number of vertices of a planar nvertex graph g that can be fixed when untangling delta we give an algorithm that fixes at least sqrtlog n1log log n vertices when untangling a drawing of an nvertex graph g if g is outerplanar the same algorithm fixes at least sqrtn2 vertices on the other hand we construct for arbitrarily large n an nvertex planar graph g and a drawing delta_g of g with fixgdelta_g le sqrtn21 and an nvertex outerplanar graph h and a drawing delta_h of h with fixhdelta_h le 2 sqrtn11 thus our algorithm is asymptotically worstcase optimal for outerplanar graphs
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709.0171
Quark motional effects on the interquark potential in baryons
We study the heavy-heavy-light quark ($QQq$) system in a non-relativistic potential model, and investigate the quark motional effect on the inter-two-quark potential in baryons. We adopt the Hamiltonian with the static three-quark potential which is obtained by the first-principle calculation of lattice QCD, rather than the two-body force in ordinary quark models. Using the renormalization-group inspired variational method in discretized space, we calculate the ground-state energy of $QQq$ systems and the light-quark spatial distribution. We find that the effective string tension between the two heavy quarks is reduced compared to the static three-quark case. This reduction of the effective string tension originates from the geometrical difference between the inter-quark distance and the flux-tube length, and is conjectured to be a general property for baryons.
hep-ph
we study the heavyheavylight quark qqq system in a nonrelativistic potential model and investigate the quark motional effect on the intertwoquark potential in baryons we adopt the hamiltonian with the static threequark potential which is obtained by the firstprinciple calculation of lattice qcd rather than the twobody force in ordinary quark models using the renormalizationgroup inspired variational method in discretized space we calculate the groundstate energy of qqq systems and the lightquark spatial distribution we find that the effective string tension between the two heavy quarks is reduced compared to the static threequark case this reduction of the effective string tension originates from the geometrical difference between the interquark distance and the fluxtube length and is conjectured to be a general property for baryons
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709.0172
Improving the consensus performance via predictive mechanisms
Considering some predictive mechanisms, we show that ultrafast average-consensus can be achieved in networks of interconnected agents. More specifically, by predicting the dynamics of the network several steps ahead and using this information in the design of the consensus protocol of each agent, drastic improvements can be achieved in terms of the speed of consensus convergence, without changing the topology of the network. Moreover, using these predictive mechanisms, the range of sampling periods leading to consensus convergence is greatly expanded compared with the routine consensus protocol. This study provides a mathematical basis for the idea that some predictive mechanisms exist in widely-spread biological swarms, flocks, and networks. From the industrial engineering point of view, inclusion of an efficient predictive mechanism allows for a significant increase in the speed of consensus convergence and also a reduction of the communication energy required to achieve a predefined consensus performance.
physics.data-an
considering some predictive mechanisms we show that ultrafast averageconsensus can be achieved in networks of interconnected agents more specifically by predicting the dynamics of the network several steps ahead and using this information in the design of the consensus protocol of each agent drastic improvements can be achieved in terms of the speed of consensus convergence without changing the topology of the network moreover using these predictive mechanisms the range of sampling periods leading to consensus convergence is greatly expanded compared with the routine consensus protocol this study provides a mathematical basis for the idea that some predictive mechanisms exist in widelyspread biological swarms flocks and networks from the industrial engineering point of view inclusion of an efficient predictive mechanism allows for a significant increase in the speed of consensus convergence and also a reduction of the communication energy required to achieve a predefined consensus performance
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709.0173
\alpha_S from LEP
Recent results on measurements of the strong coupling $\alpha_S$ from LEP are reported. These include analyses of the 4-jet rate using the Durham or Cambridge algorithm, of hadronic $Z^0$ decays with hard final state photon radiation, of scaling violations of the fragmentation function, of the longitudinal cross section, of the $Z^0$ lineshape and of hadronic $\tau$ lepton decays.
hep-ex
recent results on measurements of the strong coupling alpha_s from lep are reported these include analyses of the 4jet rate using the durham or cambridge algorithm of hadronic z0 decays with hard final state photon radiation of scaling violations of the fragmentation function of the longitudinal cross section of the z0 lineshape and of hadronic tau lepton decays
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709.0174
Dark Matter & Dark Energy from a single scalar field: CMB spectrum and matter transfer function
The dual axion model (DAM), yielding bot DM and DE form a PQ-like scalar field solving the strong CP problem, is known to allow a fair fit of CMB data. Recently, however, it was shown that its transfer function exhibits significant anomalies, causing difficulties to fit deep galaxy sample data. Here we show how DAM can be modified to agree with the latter data set. The modification follows the pattern suggested to reconcile any PQ-like approach with gravity. Modified DAM allows precise predictions which can be testable against future CMB and/or deep sample data.
astro-ph
the dual axion model dam yielding bot dm and de form a pqlike scalar field solving the strong cp problem is known to allow a fair fit of cmb data recently however it was shown that its transfer function exhibits significant anomalies causing difficulties to fit deep galaxy sample data here we show how dam can be modified to agree with the latter data set the modification follows the pattern suggested to reconcile any pqlike approach with gravity modified dam allows precise predictions which can be testable against future cmb andor deep sample data
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709.0175
Pairings on Jacobians of Hyperelliptic Curves
Consider the jacobian of a hyperelliptic genus two curve defined over a finite field. Under certain restrictions on the endomorphism ring of the jacobian we give an explicit description all non-degenerate, bilinear, anti-symmetric and Galois-invariant pairings on the jacobian. From this description it follows that no such pairing can be computed more efficiently than the Weil pairing. To establish this result, we need an explicit description of the representation of the Frobenius endomorphism on the l-torsion subgroup of the jacobian. This description is given. In particular, we show that if the characteristic polynomial of the Frobenius endomorphism splits into linear factors modulo l, then the Frobenius is diagonalizable. Finally, under the restriction that the Frobenius element is an element of a certain subring of the endomorphism ring, we prove that if the characteristic polynomial of the Frobenius endomorphism splits into linear factors modulo l, then the embedding degree and the total embedding degree of the jacobian with respect to l are the same number.
math.AG math.NT
consider the jacobian of a hyperelliptic genus two curve defined over a finite field under certain restrictions on the endomorphism ring of the jacobian we give an explicit description all nondegenerate bilinear antisymmetric and galoisinvariant pairings on the jacobian from this description it follows that no such pairing can be computed more efficiently than the weil pairing to establish this result we need an explicit description of the representation of the frobenius endomorphism on the ltorsion subgroup of the jacobian this description is given in particular we show that if the characteristic polynomial of the frobenius endomorphism splits into linear factors modulo l then the frobenius is diagonalizable finally under the restriction that the frobenius element is an element of a certain subring of the endomorphism ring we prove that if the characteristic polynomial of the frobenius endomorphism splits into linear factors modulo l then the embedding degree and the total embedding degree of the jacobian with respect to l are the same number
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709.0176
Representations of orbifold groupoids
Orbifold groupoids have been recently widely used to represent both effective and ineffective orbifolds. We show that every orbifold groupoid can be faithfully represented on a continuous family of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. As a consequence we obtain the result that every orbifold groupoid is Morita equivalent to the translation groupoid of an action of a bundle of compact topological groups.
math.DG math.RT
orbifold groupoids have been recently widely used to represent both effective and ineffective orbifolds we show that every orbifold groupoid can be faithfully represented on a continuous family of finite dimensional hilbert spaces as a consequence we obtain the result that every orbifold groupoid is morita equivalent to the translation groupoid of an action of a bundle of compact topological groups
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709.0177
Star Formation in Bulges from GALEX
Early-type galaxies, considered as large bulges, have been found to have had a much-more-than-boring star formation history in recent years by the UV satellite GALEX. The most massive bulges, brightest cluster galaxies, appear to be relatively free of young stars. But smaller bulges, normal ellipticals and lenticulars, often show unambiguous sign of recent star formation in their UV flux. The fraction of such UV-bright bulges in the volume-limited sample climbs up to the staggering 30%. The bulges of spirals follow similar trends but a larger fraction showing signs of current and recent star formation. The implication on the bulge formation and evolution is discussed.
astro-ph
earlytype galaxies considered as large bulges have been found to have had a muchmorethanboring star formation history in recent years by the uv satellite galex the most massive bulges brightest cluster galaxies appear to be relatively free of young stars but smaller bulges normal ellipticals and lenticulars often show unambiguous sign of recent star formation in their uv flux the fraction of such uvbright bulges in the volumelimited sample climbs up to the staggering 30 the bulges of spirals follow similar trends but a larger fraction showing signs of current and recent star formation the implication on the bulge formation and evolution is discussed
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709.0178
Effective Generation of Subjectively Random Binary Sequences
We present an algorithm for effectively generating binary sequences which would be rated by people as highly likely to have been generated by a random process, such as flipping a fair coin.
cs.HC cs.AI
we present an algorithm for effectively generating binary sequences which would be rated by people as highly likely to have been generated by a random process such as flipping a fair coin
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709.0179
The intrinsic degree of freedom for quasiparticle in thermodynamics with medium effects
The thermodynamics with medium effects expressed by the temperature- and density-dependent effective mass of quasiparticle is studied. Series difficulties and many wrangles in references due to the extraordinary parameter dependence are addressed. A new independent intrinsic degree of freedom of quasiparticle $m^*$ in the equation of reversible process is introduced to clear the ambiguity. We prove all results are self-consistent.
hep-th
the thermodynamics with medium effects expressed by the temperature and densitydependent effective mass of quasiparticle is studied series difficulties and many wrangles in references due to the extraordinary parameter dependence are addressed a new independent intrinsic degree of freedom of quasiparticle m in the equation of reversible process is introduced to clear the ambiguity we prove all results are selfconsistent
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709.018
Harmonic oscillator chains as Wigner Quantum Systems: periodic and fixed wall boundary conditions in gl(1|n) solutions
We describe a quantum system consisting of a one-dimensional linear chain of n identical harmonic oscillators coupled by a nearest neighbor interaction. Two boundary conditions are taken into account: periodic boundary conditions (where the nth oscillator is coupled back to the first oscillator) and fixed wall boundary conditions (where the first oscillator and the $n$th oscillator are coupled to a fixed wall). The two systems are characterized by their Hamiltonian. For their quantization, we treat these systems as Wigner Quantum Systems (WQS), allowing more solutions than just the canonical quantization solution. In this WQS approach, one is led to certain algebraic relations for operators (which are linear combinations of position and momentum operators) that should satisfy triple relations involving commutators and anti-commutators. These triple relations have a solution in terms of the Lie superalgebra gl(1|n). We study a particular class of gl(1|n) representations V(p), the so-called ladder representations. For these representations, we determine the spectrum of the Hamiltonian and of the position operators (for both types of boundary conditions). Furthermore, we compute the eigenvectors of the position operators in terms of stationary states. This leads to explicit expressions for position probabilities of the n oscillators in the chain. An analysis of the plots of such position probability distributions gives rise to some interesting observations. In particular, the physical behavior of the system as a WQS is very much in agreement with what one would expect from the classical case, except that all physical quantities (energy, position and momentum of each oscillator) have a finite spectrum.
hep-th math-ph math.MP quant-ph
we describe a quantum system consisting of a onedimensional linear chain of n identical harmonic oscillators coupled by a nearest neighbor interaction two boundary conditions are taken into account periodic boundary conditions where the nth oscillator is coupled back to the first oscillator and fixed wall boundary conditions where the first oscillator and the nth oscillator are coupled to a fixed wall the two systems are characterized by their hamiltonian for their quantization we treat these systems as wigner quantum systems wqs allowing more solutions than just the canonical quantization solution in this wqs approach one is led to certain algebraic relations for operators which are linear combinations of position and momentum operators that should satisfy triple relations involving commutators and anticommutators these triple relations have a solution in terms of the lie superalgebra gl1n we study a particular class of gl1n representations vp the socalled ladder representations for these representations we determine the spectrum of the hamiltonian and of the position operators for both types of boundary conditions furthermore we compute the eigenvectors of the position operators in terms of stationary states this leads to explicit expressions for position probabilities of the n oscillators in the chain an analysis of the plots of such position probability distributions gives rise to some interesting observations in particular the physical behavior of the system as a wqs is very much in agreement with what one would expect from the classical case except that all physical quantities energy position and momentum of each oscillator have a finite spectrum
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709.0181
The Nature of the Ultraluminous Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant in NGC 4449
Optical images and spectra, both ground based and taken by Hubble Space Telescope (HST), of the young, luminous O-rich supernova remnant in the irregular galaxy NGC 4449 are presented. HST images of the remnant and its local region were obtained with the ACS/WFC using filters F435W, F555W, F814W (B, V, and I, respectively), F502N ([O III]), F658N (Halpha + [N II]), F660N ([N II]), and F550M (line-free continuum). These images show an unresolved remnant (FWHM < 0.05 arcsec) located within a rich cluster of OB stars which itself is enclosed by a nearly complete interstellar shell seen best in Halpha + [N II] emission approximately 8'' x 6'' (150 pc x 110 pc) in size. The remnant and its associated OB cluster are isolated from two large nearby H II regions. The ACS [O III] image shows the remnant may be partially surrounded by a clumpy ring of emission approximately 1'' (~20 pc) in diameter. Recent ground-based spectra of the remnant reveal (1) the emergence of broad, blueshifted emission lines of [S II] 6716, 6731, [Ar III] 7136, and [Ca II] 7291, 7324 which were not observed in spectra taken in 1978 -- 1980; (2) faint emission at 6540 -- 6605 A centered about Halpha and [N II] 6548, 6583 with an expansion velocity of 500 +/- 100 km/s; and (3) excess emission around 4600 -- 4700 A suggestive of a Wolf-Rayet population in the remnant's star cluster. We use these new data to re-interpret the origin of the remnant's prolonged and bright luminosity and propose that the remnant is strongly interacting with dense, circumstellar wind loss material from a ~20 Msolar progenitor star.
astro-ph
optical images and spectra both ground based and taken by hubble space telescope hst of the young luminous orich supernova remnant in the irregular galaxy ngc 4449 are presented hst images of the remnant and its local region were obtained with the acswfc using filters f435w f555w f814w b v and i respectively f502n o iii f658n halpha n ii f660n n ii and f550m linefree continuum these images show an unresolved remnant fwhm 005 arcsec located within a rich cluster of ob stars which itself is enclosed by a nearly complete interstellar shell seen best in halpha n ii emission approximately 8 x 6 150 pc x 110 pc in size the remnant and its associated ob cluster are isolated from two large nearby h ii regions the acs o iii image shows the remnant may be partially surrounded by a clumpy ring of emission approximately 1 20 pc in diameter recent groundbased spectra of the remnant reveal 1 the emergence of broad blueshifted emission lines of s ii 6716 6731 ar iii 7136 and ca ii 7291 7324 which were not observed in spectra taken in 1978 1980 2 faint emission at 6540 6605 a centered about halpha and n ii 6548 6583 with an expansion velocity of 500 100 kms and 3 excess emission around 4600 4700 a suggestive of a wolfrayet population in the remnants star cluster we use these new data to reinterpret the origin of the remnants prolonged and bright luminosity and propose that the remnant is strongly interacting with dense circumstellar wind loss material from a 20 msolar progenitor star
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709.0182
Bell-state preparation for electron spins in a semiconductor double quantum dot
A robust scheme for state preparation and state trapping for the spins of two electrons in a semiconductor double quantum dot is presented. The system is modeled by two spins coupled to two independent bosonic reservoirs. Decoherence effects due to this environment are minimized by application of optimized control fields which make the target state to the ground state of the isolated driven spin system. We show that stable spin entanglement with respect to pure dephasing is possible. Specifically, we demonstrate state trapping in a maximally entangled state (Bell state) in the presence of decoherence.
cond-mat.mes-hall
a robust scheme for state preparation and state trapping for the spins of two electrons in a semiconductor double quantum dot is presented the system is modeled by two spins coupled to two independent bosonic reservoirs decoherence effects due to this environment are minimized by application of optimized control fields which make the target state to the ground state of the isolated driven spin system we show that stable spin entanglement with respect to pure dephasing is possible specifically we demonstrate state trapping in a maximally entangled state bell state in the presence of decoherence
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709.0183
The Formation of Slow-Massive-Wide Jets
I propose a model for the formation of slow-massive-wide (SMW) jets by accretion disks around compact objects. This study is motivated by claims for the existence of SMW jets in some astrophysical objects such as in planetary nebulae (PNs) and in some active galactic nuclei in galaxies and in cooling flow clusters. In this model the energy still comes from accretion onto a compact object. The accretion disk launches two opposite jets with velocity of the order of the escape velocity from the accreting object and with mass outflow rate of ~1-20% of the accretion rate as in most popular models for jet launching; in the present model these are termed fast-first-stage (FFS) jets. However, the FFS jets encounter surrounding gas that originates in the mass accretion process, and are terminated by strong shocks close to their origin. Two hot bubbles are formed. These bubbles accelerate the surrounding gas to form two SMW jets that are more massive and slower than the FFS jets. There are two conditions for this mechanism to work. Firstly, the surrounding gas should be massive enough to block the free expansion of the FFS jets. Most efficiently this condition is achieved when the surrounding gas is replenished. Secondly, the radiative energy losses must be small.
astro-ph
i propose a model for the formation of slowmassivewide smw jets by accretion disks around compact objects this study is motivated by claims for the existence of smw jets in some astrophysical objects such as in planetary nebulae pns and in some active galactic nuclei in galaxies and in cooling flow clusters in this model the energy still comes from accretion onto a compact object the accretion disk launches two opposite jets with velocity of the order of the escape velocity from the accreting object and with mass outflow rate of 120 of the accretion rate as in most popular models for jet launching in the present model these are termed fastfirststage ffs jets however the ffs jets encounter surrounding gas that originates in the mass accretion process and are terminated by strong shocks close to their origin two hot bubbles are formed these bubbles accelerate the surrounding gas to form two smw jets that are more massive and slower than the ffs jets there are two conditions for this mechanism to work firstly the surrounding gas should be massive enough to block the free expansion of the ffs jets most efficiently this condition is achieved when the surrounding gas is replenished secondly the radiative energy losses must be small
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709.0184
Nahm's equations and free-boundary problems
This paper is a discussion of relations between some free-boundary problems and infinite dimensional Lie groups; particularly a version of Nahm's equations for the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms in two dimensions.
math.DG math.AP
this paper is a discussion of relations between some freeboundary problems and infinite dimensional lie groups particularly a version of nahms equations for the group of hamiltonian diffeomorphisms in two dimensions
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709.0185
Some remarks about Cauchy integrals and fractal sets
Some aspects of Cauchy integrals on sets with dimension larger than 1 are briefly discussed.
math.CA
some aspects of cauchy integrals on sets with dimension larger than 1 are briefly discussed
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709.0186
A canonical Frobenius structure
We show that it makes sense to speak of THE Frobenius manifold attached to a convenient and nondegenerate Laurent polynomial
math.AG
we show that it makes sense to speak of the frobenius manifold attached to a convenient and nondegenerate laurent polynomial
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709.0187
X-rays profiles in symmetric and asymmetric supernova remnants
The non-thermal X-rays from the SN 1006 NE rim present characteristic scale lengths that are interpreted in the context of diffusion of a relativistic electron. The adopted theoretical framework is the mathematical diffusion in 3D, 1D and 1D with drift as well as the Monte Carlo random walk in 1D with drift. The asymmetric random walk with diffusion from a plane can explain the scale widths of 0.04 pc upstream and 0.2 pc downstream in the non thermal intensity of X-ray emission in SN 1006. A mathematical image of the non thermal X-flux from an supernova remnant as well as profiles function of the distance from the center can be simulated. This model provides a reasonable description of both the limbs and the central region of SN 1006. A new method to deduce the magnetic field in supernova remnant is suggested.
astro-ph
the nonthermal xrays from the sn 1006 ne rim present characteristic scale lengths that are interpreted in the context of diffusion of a relativistic electron the adopted theoretical framework is the mathematical diffusion in 3d 1d and 1d with drift as well as the monte carlo random walk in 1d with drift the asymmetric random walk with diffusion from a plane can explain the scale widths of 004 pc upstream and 02 pc downstream in the non thermal intensity of xray emission in sn 1006 a mathematical image of the non thermal xflux from an supernova remnant as well as profiles function of the distance from the center can be simulated this model provides a reasonable description of both the limbs and the central region of sn 1006 a new method to deduce the magnetic field in supernova remnant is suggested
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709.0188
Finite-dimensional modules for the polynomial ring in one variable as a vertex algebra
A commutative associative algebra $A$ over ${\mathbb C}$ with a derivation is one of the simplest examples of a vertex algebra. However, the differences between the modules for $A$ as a vertex algebra and the modules for $A$ as an associative algebra are not well understood. In this paper, I give the classification of finite-dimensional indecomposable untwisted or twisted modules for the polynomial ring in one variable over ${\mathbb C}$ as a vertex algebra.
math.QA
a commutative associative algebra a over mathbb c with a derivation is one of the simplest examples of a vertex algebra however the differences between the modules for a as a vertex algebra and the modules for a as an associative algebra are not well understood in this paper i give the classification of finitedimensional indecomposable untwisted or twisted modules for the polynomial ring in one variable over mathbb c as a vertex algebra
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709.0189
Crossed ratchet effects for magnetic domain wall motion
We study both experimentally and theoretically the driven motion of domain walls in extended amorphous magnetic films patterned with a periodic array of asymmetric holes. We find two crossed ratchet effects of opposite sign that change the preferred sense for domain wall propagation, depending on whether a flat or a kinked wall is moving. By solving numerically a simple $\phi^4$-model we show that the essential physical ingredients for this effect are quite generic and could be realized in other experimental systems involving elastic interfaces moving in multidimensional ratchet potentials.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we study both experimentally and theoretically the driven motion of domain walls in extended amorphous magnetic films patterned with a periodic array of asymmetric holes we find two crossed ratchet effects of opposite sign that change the preferred sense for domain wall propagation depending on whether a flat or a kinked wall is moving by solving numerically a simple phi4model we show that the essential physical ingredients for this effect are quite generic and could be realized in other experimental systems involving elastic interfaces moving in multidimensional ratchet potentials
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709.019
A complex environment around Cir X-1
We present the results of an archival 54 ks long Chandra observation of the peculiar source Cir X--1 during the phase passage 0.223-0.261. A comparative analysis of X-ray spectra, selected at different flux levels of the source, allows us to distinguish between a very hard state, at a low countrate, and a brighter, softer, highly absorbed spectrum during episodes of flaring activity, when the unabsorbed source luminosity is about three times the value in the hard state. The spectrum of the hard state clearly shows emission lines of highly ionized elements, while, during the flaring state, the spectrum also shows strong resonant absorption lines. The most intense and interesting feature in this latter state is present in the Fe K alpha region: a very broadened absorption line at energies ~ 6.5 keV that could result from a smeared blending of resonant absorption lines of moderately ionized iron ions (Fe XX - Fe XXIV). We also observe strong resonant absorption lines of Fe XXV and Fe XXVI, together with a smeared absorption edge above 7 keV. We argue that the emitting region during the quiescent/hard state is constituted of a purely photo-ionized medium, possibly present above an accretion disk, or of a photo-ionized plasma present in a beamed outflow. During the flaring states the source undergoes enhanced turbulent accretion that modifies both the accretion geometry and the optical depth of the gas surrounding the primary X-ray source.
astro-ph
we present the results of an archival 54 ks long chandra observation of the peculiar source cir x1 during the phase passage 02230261 a comparative analysis of xray spectra selected at different flux levels of the source allows us to distinguish between a very hard state at a low countrate and a brighter softer highly absorbed spectrum during episodes of flaring activity when the unabsorbed source luminosity is about three times the value in the hard state the spectrum of the hard state clearly shows emission lines of highly ionized elements while during the flaring state the spectrum also shows strong resonant absorption lines the most intense and interesting feature in this latter state is present in the fe k alpha region a very broadened absorption line at energies 65 kev that could result from a smeared blending of resonant absorption lines of moderately ionized iron ions fe xx fe xxiv we also observe strong resonant absorption lines of fe xxv and fe xxvi together with a smeared absorption edge above 7 kev we argue that the emitting region during the quiescenthard state is constituted of a purely photoionized medium possibly present above an accretion disk or of a photoionized plasma present in a beamed outflow during the flaring states the source undergoes enhanced turbulent accretion that modifies both the accretion geometry and the optical depth of the gas surrounding the primary xray source
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709.0191
Including heavy flavour production in PDF fits
AT HERA heavy quarks may contribute up to 30% of the structure function $F_2$. The introduction of heavy quarks requires an extension of the DGLAP formalism. The effect of using different heavy flavour number schemes, and different approaches to the running of $\alpha_s$, are compared using the ZEUS PDF fit formalism. The potential of including charm data in the fit is explored, using $D^*$ double differential cross-sections rather than the inclusive quantity $F_2^{c\bar{c}}$.
hep-ph
at hera heavy quarks may contribute up to 30 of the structure function f_2 the introduction of heavy quarks requires an extension of the dglap formalism the effect of using different heavy flavour number schemes and different approaches to the running of alpha_s are compared using the zeus pdf fit formalism the potential of including charm data in the fit is explored using d double differential crosssections rather than the inclusive quantity f_2cbarc
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709.0192
The Atomic hypothesis: Physical consequences
The hypothesis that matter is made of some ultimate and indivisible objects, together the restricted relativity principle, establishes a constraint on the kind of variables we are allowed to use for the variational description of elementary particles. We consider that the atomic hypothesis not only states the indivisibility of elementary particles, but also that these ultimate objects, if not annihilated, cannot be modified by any interaction so that all allowed states of an elementary particle are only kinematical modifications of any one of them. Terefore, an elementary particle cannot have excited states. In this way, the kinematical group of spacetime symmetries not only defines the symmetries of the system, but also the variables in terms of which the mathematical description of the elementary particles can be expressed in either the classical or the quantum mechanical description. When considering the interaction of two Dirac particles, the atomic hypothesis restricts the interaction Lagrangian to a kind of minimal coupling interaction.
physics.gen-ph
the hypothesis that matter is made of some ultimate and indivisible objects together the restricted relativity principle establishes a constraint on the kind of variables we are allowed to use for the variational description of elementary particles we consider that the atomic hypothesis not only states the indivisibility of elementary particles but also that these ultimate objects if not annihilated cannot be modified by any interaction so that all allowed states of an elementary particle are only kinematical modifications of any one of them terefore an elementary particle cannot have excited states in this way the kinematical group of spacetime symmetries not only defines the symmetries of the system but also the variables in terms of which the mathematical description of the elementary particles can be expressed in either the classical or the quantum mechanical description when considering the interaction of two dirac particles the atomic hypothesis restricts the interaction lagrangian to a kind of minimal coupling interaction
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709.0193
Diamagnetism around the Meissner transition in a homogeneous cuprate single crystal
The in-plane diamagnetism around the Meissner transition was measured in a Tl$_2$Ba$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10}$ single crystal of high chemical and structural quality, which minimizes the inhomogeneity and disorder rounding effects on the magnetization. When analyzed quantitatively and consistently above and below the transition in terms of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) approach with fluctuations of Cooper pairs and vortices, these data provide a further confirmation that the observed Meissner transition is a conventional GL superconducting transition in a homogeneous layered superconductor.
cond-mat.supr-con
the inplane diamagnetism around the meissner transition was measured in a tl_2ba_2ca_2cu_3o_10 single crystal of high chemical and structural quality which minimizes the inhomogeneity and disorder rounding effects on the magnetization when analyzed quantitatively and consistently above and below the transition in terms of the ginzburglandau gl approach with fluctuations of cooper pairs and vortices these data provide a further confirmation that the observed meissner transition is a conventional gl superconducting transition in a homogeneous layered superconductor
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709.0194
Gradings on $o(8,\mathbb C)$
This is a matricial description of all the fine group gradings on the exceptional Lie algebra $o(8,\mathbb C)$. There are fourteen.
math-ph math.MP math.RA
this is a matricial description of all the fine group gradings on the exceptional lie algebra o8mathbb c there are fourteen
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709.0195
On generically stable types in dependent theories
We develop the theory of generically stable types, independence relation based on nonforking and stable weight in the context of dependent (NIP) theories.
math.LO
we develop the theory of generically stable types independence relation based on nonforking and stable weight in the context of dependent nip theories
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709.0196
Structure-Dependent Fluorescence Efficiencies of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Single-nanotube photometry was used to measure the product of absorption cross-section and fluorescence quantum yield for 12 (n,m) structural species of semiconducting SWNTs in aqueous SDBS suspension. These products ranged from 1.7 to 4.5 x 10(-19) cm2/C atom, generally increasing with optical band gap as described by the energy gap law. The findings suggest fluorescent quantum yields of ~8% for the brightest, (10,2) species and introduce the empirical calibration factors needed to deduce quantitative (n,m) distributions from bulk fluorimetric intensities.
physics.optics cond-mat.other
singlenanotube photometry was used to measure the product of absorption crosssection and fluorescence quantum yield for 12 nm structural species of semiconducting swnts in aqueous sdbs suspension these products ranged from 17 to 45 x 1019 cm2c atom generally increasing with optical band gap as described by the energy gap law the findings suggest fluorescent quantum yields of 8 for the brightest 102 species and introduce the empirical calibration factors needed to deduce quantitative nm distributions from bulk fluorimetric intensities
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709.0197
Convective and non-convective mixing in AGB stars
We review the current state of modeling convective mixing in AGB stars. The focus is on results obtained through multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of AGB convection, both in the envelope and the unstable He-shell. Using two different codes and a wide range of resolutions and modeling assumptions we find that mixing across convective boundaries is significant for He-shell flash convection. We present a preliminary quantitative analysis of this convectively induced extra mixing, based on a sub-set of our simulations. Other non-standard mixing will be discussed briefly.
astro-ph
we review the current state of modeling convective mixing in agb stars the focus is on results obtained through multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations of agb convection both in the envelope and the unstable heshell using two different codes and a wide range of resolutions and modeling assumptions we find that mixing across convective boundaries is significant for heshell flash convection we present a preliminary quantitative analysis of this convectively induced extra mixing based on a subset of our simulations other nonstandard mixing will be discussed briefly
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709.0198
The host galaxy of GRB031203: a new spectroscopic study
The host galaxy of the long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) 031203 (HG031203) offers a precious opportunity to study in detail the environment of a nearby GRB. The aim is to better characterize this galaxy and analyse the possible evolution with time of the spectroscopic quantities we derive. We analyse HG031203 using a set of optical spectra acquired with the ESO-VLT and Keck telescope. We compare the metallicity, luminosity and star formation properties of this galaxy and of the other supernova-long gamma-ray burst hosts in the local universe (z<0.2) against the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey. HG031203 is a metal poor, actively star forming galaxy (star formation rate of 12.9+/-2.2 {M_{sun} yr^-1) at z=0.1054. From the emission-line analysis we derive an intrinsic reddening E_{HG}(B-V)\approx 0.4. This parameter doesn't show a compelling evidence of evolution at a month time-scale. We find an interstellar medium temperature of 12500 K and an electronic density of N_{e}=160 cm^-3. After investigating for possible Wolf-Rayet emission features in our spectra, we consider dubious the classification of HG031203 as a Wolf-Rayet galaxy. Long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) and supernova hosts in the local universe (z<0.2) show, on average, specific star formation rates higher than ordinary star forming galaxy at the same redshift. On the other hand, we find that half of the hosts follows the metallicity-luminosity relation found for star-burst galaxies; HG031203 is a clear outlier, with its really low metallicity (12+\log{{O/H}}=8.12+/-0.04).
astro-ph
the host galaxy of the longduration gammaray burst grb 031203 hg031203 offers a precious opportunity to study in detail the environment of a nearby grb the aim is to better characterize this galaxy and analyse the possible evolution with time of the spectroscopic quantities we derive we analyse hg031203 using a set of optical spectra acquired with the esovlt and keck telescope we compare the metallicity luminosity and star formation properties of this galaxy and of the other supernovalong gammaray burst hosts in the local universe z02 against the kpno international spectroscopic survey hg031203 is a metal poor actively star forming galaxy star formation rate of 12922 m_sun yr1 at z01054 from the emissionline analysis we derive an intrinsic reddening e_hgbvapprox 04 this parameter doesnt show a compelling evidence of evolution at a month timescale we find an interstellar medium temperature of 12500 k and an electronic density of n_e160 cm3 after investigating for possible wolfrayet emission features in our spectra we consider dubious the classification of hg031203 as a wolfrayet galaxy long gammaray burst lgrb and supernova hosts in the local universe z02 show on average specific star formation rates higher than ordinary star forming galaxy at the same redshift on the other hand we find that half of the hosts follows the metallicityluminosity relation found for starburst galaxies hg031203 is a clear outlier with its really low metallicity 12logoh812004
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709.0199
No de Sitter invariant vacuum in massive gravity theory with ghost
In this letter we point out that the massive gravity theory with a graviton ghost mode in de Sitter background cannot possess a de Sitter invariant vacuum state. In order to avoid a negative norm state, we must associate the creation operator of the ghost mode with a negative-energy mode function instead of a positive-energy one as the mode function. Namely, we have to adopt a different procedure of quantization for a ghost. When a theory has a symmetry mixing a ghost mode with ordinary non-ghost modes, the choice of a ghost mode is not unique. However, quantization of a ghost is impossible without specifying a choice of ghost mode, which breaks the symmetry. For this reason, the vacuum state cannot respect the symmetry. In the massive gravity theory with a graviton ghost mode in de Sitter background, the ghost is the helicity-0 mode of the graviton. This ghost mode is mixed with the other helicity graviton modes under the action of de Sitter symmetry. Therefore, there is no de Sitter invariant vacuum in such models. This leads to an interesting possibility that non-covariant cutoff of the low energy effective theory may naturally arise. As a result, the instability due to the pair production of a ghost and normal non-ghost particles gets much milder and that the model may escape from being rejected.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
in this letter we point out that the massive gravity theory with a graviton ghost mode in de sitter background cannot possess a de sitter invariant vacuum state in order to avoid a negative norm state we must associate the creation operator of the ghost mode with a negativeenergy mode function instead of a positiveenergy one as the mode function namely we have to adopt a different procedure of quantization for a ghost when a theory has a symmetry mixing a ghost mode with ordinary nonghost modes the choice of a ghost mode is not unique however quantization of a ghost is impossible without specifying a choice of ghost mode which breaks the symmetry for this reason the vacuum state cannot respect the symmetry in the massive gravity theory with a graviton ghost mode in de sitter background the ghost is the helicity0 mode of the graviton this ghost mode is mixed with the other helicity graviton modes under the action of de sitter symmetry therefore there is no de sitter invariant vacuum in such models this leads to an interesting possibility that noncovariant cutoff of the low energy effective theory may naturally arise as a result the instability due to the pair production of a ghost and normal nonghost particles gets much milder and that the model may escape from being rejected
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709.02
Confinement encoded in Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators
An introduction is given into current lattice investigations of the non-perturbative gluon and ghost propagators, in the light of the Gribov-Zwanziger and Kugo-Ojima scenarios of confinement, in the context of results obtained from the non-perturbative Dyson-Schwinger approach in the continuum and in connection with the vortex mechanism of confinement.
hep-ph
an introduction is given into current lattice investigations of the nonperturbative gluon and ghost propagators in the light of the gribovzwanziger and kugoojima scenarios of confinement in the context of results obtained from the nonperturbative dysonschwinger approach in the continuum and in connection with the vortex mechanism of confinement
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709.0201
Lane-formation vs. cluster-formation in two dimensional square-shoulder systems: A genetic algorithm approach
Introducing genetic algorithms as a reliable and efficient tool to find ordered equilibrium structures, we predict minimum energy configurations of the square shoulder system for different values of corona width $\lambda$. Varying systematically the pressure for different values of $\lambda$ we obtain complete sequences of minimum energy configurations which provide a deeper understanding of the system's strategies to arrange particles in an energetically optimized fashion, leading to the competing self-assembly scenarios of cluster-formation vs. lane-formation.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft
introducing genetic algorithms as a reliable and efficient tool to find ordered equilibrium structures we predict minimum energy configurations of the square shoulder system for different values of corona width lambda varying systematically the pressure for different values of lambda we obtain complete sequences of minimum energy configurations which provide a deeper understanding of the systems strategies to arrange particles in an energetically optimized fashion leading to the competing selfassembly scenarios of clusterformation vs laneformation
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709.0202
Can very massive stars avoid Pair-instability Supernovae?
Very massive primordial stars ($140 M_{\odot} < M < 260 M_{\odot}$) are supposed to end their lives as pair-instability supernovae. Such an event can be traced by a typical chemical signature in low metallicity stars, but at the present time, this signature is lacking in the extremely metal-poor stars we are able to observe. Does it mean that those very massive objects did not form, contrarily to the primordial star formation scenarios? Could they avoid this tragical fate? We explore the effects of rotation, anisotropic mass loss and magnetic fields on the core size of a very massive Population III model, in order to check if its mass is sufficiently modified to prevent the pair instability. We obtain that a Population III model of $150 M_{\odot}$ with $\upsilon/\upsilon_{\rm crit}=0.56$ computed with the inclusion of wind anisotropy and Tayler-Spruit dynamo avoids the pair instability explosion.
astro-ph
very massive primordial stars 140 m_odot m 260 m_odot are supposed to end their lives as pairinstability supernovae such an event can be traced by a typical chemical signature in low metallicity stars but at the present time this signature is lacking in the extremely metalpoor stars we are able to observe does it mean that those very massive objects did not form contrarily to the primordial star formation scenarios could they avoid this tragical fate we explore the effects of rotation anisotropic mass loss and magnetic fields on the core size of a very massive population iii model in order to check if its mass is sufficiently modified to prevent the pair instability we obtain that a population iii model of 150 m_odot with upsilonupsilon_rm crit056 computed with the inclusion of wind anisotropy and taylerspruit dynamo avoids the pair instability explosion
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709.0203
Enhancement of polarization in a spin-orbit coupling quantum wire with a constriction
We investigate the enhancement of spin polarization in a quantum wire in the presence of a constriction and a spin-orbit coupling segment. It is shown that the spin-filtering effect is significantly heightened in comparison with the configuration without the constriction. It is understood in the studies that the constriction structure plays a critical role in enhancing the spin filtering by means of confining the incident electrons to occupy one channel only while the outgoing electrons occupy two channels. The enhancement of spin-filtering has also been analyzed within the perturbation theory. Because the spin polarization arises mainly from the scattering between the constriction and the segment with spin-orbit coupling, the sub-band mixing induced by spin-orbit interaction in the scattering process and the interferences result in higher spin-filtering effect.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate the enhancement of spin polarization in a quantum wire in the presence of a constriction and a spinorbit coupling segment it is shown that the spinfiltering effect is significantly heightened in comparison with the configuration without the constriction it is understood in the studies that the constriction structure plays a critical role in enhancing the spin filtering by means of confining the incident electrons to occupy one channel only while the outgoing electrons occupy two channels the enhancement of spinfiltering has also been analyzed within the perturbation theory because the spin polarization arises mainly from the scattering between the constriction and the segment with spinorbit coupling the subband mixing induced by spinorbit interaction in the scattering process and the interferences result in higher spinfiltering effect
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709.0204
Capacity constraints and the inevitability of mediators in adword auctions
One natural constraint in the sponsored search advertising framework arises from the fact that there is a limit on the number of available slots, especially for the popular keywords, and as a result, a significant pool of advertisers are left out. We study the emergence of diversification in the adword market triggered by such capacity constraints in the sense that new market mechanisms, as well as, new for-profit agents are likely to emerge to combat or to make profit from the opportunities created by shortages in ad-space inventory. We propose a model where the additional capacity is provided by for-profit agents (or, mediators), who compete for slots in the original auction, draw traffic, and run their own sub-auctions. The quality of the additional capacity provided by a mediator is measured by its {\it fitness} factor. We compute revenues and payoffs for all the different parties at a {\it symmetric Nash equilibrium} (SNE) when the mediator-based model is operated by a mechanism currently being used by Google and Yahoo!, and then compare these numbers with those obtained at a corresponding SNE for the same mechanism, but without any mediators involved in the auctions. Such calculations allow us to determine the value of the additional capacity. Our results show that the revenue of the auctioneer, as well as the social value (i.e. efficiency), always increase when mediators are involved; moreover even the payoffs of {\em all} the bidders will increase if the mediator has a high enough fitness. Thus, our analysis indicates that there are significant opportunities for diversification in the internet economy and we should expect it to continue to develop richer structure, with room for different types of agents and mechanisms to coexist.
cs.GT
one natural constraint in the sponsored search advertising framework arises from the fact that there is a limit on the number of available slots especially for the popular keywords and as a result a significant pool of advertisers are left out we study the emergence of diversification in the adword market triggered by such capacity constraints in the sense that new market mechanisms as well as new forprofit agents are likely to emerge to combat or to make profit from the opportunities created by shortages in adspace inventory we propose a model where the additional capacity is provided by forprofit agents or mediators who compete for slots in the original auction draw traffic and run their own subauctions the quality of the additional capacity provided by a mediator is measured by its it fitness factor we compute revenues and payoffs for all the different parties at a it symmetric nash equilibrium sne when the mediatorbased model is operated by a mechanism currently being used by google and yahoo and then compare these numbers with those obtained at a corresponding sne for the same mechanism but without any mediators involved in the auctions such calculations allow us to determine the value of the additional capacity our results show that the revenue of the auctioneer as well as the social value ie efficiency always increase when mediators are involved moreover even the payoffs of em all the bidders will increase if the mediator has a high enough fitness thus our analysis indicates that there are significant opportunities for diversification in the internet economy and we should expect it to continue to develop richer structure with room for different types of agents and mechanisms to coexist
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709.0205
Kaehlerian reduction in steps
We study Hamiltonian actions of compact Lie groups K on Kaehler manifolds which extend to a holomorphic action of the complexified group K^C. For a closed normal subgroup L of K we show that the Kaehlerian reduction with respect to L is a stratified Hamiltonian Kaehler K^C/L^C-space whose Kaehlerian reduction with respect to K/L is naturally isomorphic to the Kaehlerian reduction of the original manifold with respect to K.
math.SG math.CV
we study hamiltonian actions of compact lie groups k on kaehler manifolds which extend to a holomorphic action of the complexified group kc for a closed normal subgroup l of k we show that the kaehlerian reduction with respect to l is a stratified hamiltonian kaehler kclcspace whose kaehlerian reduction with respect to kl is naturally isomorphic to the kaehlerian reduction of the original manifold with respect to k
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709.0206
Establishing the Uniqueness of the Connection between SdS_5 and Conformally Invariant Relativistic Systems: A Group/Field Theoretical Approach
Adopting as working assumption that the conformal group O(4,2) of Minkowski space, being the largest symmetry group which respects its light cone structure, is the appropriate global symmetry underlying the description of relativistic systems, it is shown that AdS$_5$ uniquely emerges as the space on the boundary of which a corresponding relativistic field system should be accommodated. The basic mathematical tools employed for establishing this result are (a) Cartan's theory of spinors and (b) group contraction methods. Extending our considerations to supersymmetry it is demostrated how an $N$=1 SUSY YM field system can emerge as a broken version of an $N$=4 SUSY YM field system. An especially important feature of the presentation is the `unearthing' of seminal, independent from each other, works of I. Segal and of S. Fubini which give a purely field theoretical perspective on the intimate relation between conformally invariant relativistic field theories and AdS$_5$ including, in particular, the warping phenomenon.
hep-th
adopting as working assumption that the conformal group o42 of minkowski space being the largest symmetry group which respects its light cone structure is the appropriate global symmetry underlying the description of relativistic systems it is shown that ads_5 uniquely emerges as the space on the boundary of which a corresponding relativistic field system should be accommodated the basic mathematical tools employed for establishing this result are a cartans theory of spinors and b group contraction methods extending our considerations to supersymmetry it is demostrated how an n1 susy ym field system can emerge as a broken version of an n4 susy ym field system an especially important feature of the presentation is the unearthing of seminal independent from each other works of i segal and of s fubini which give a purely field theoretical perspective on the intimate relation between conformally invariant relativistic field theories and ads_5 including in particular the warping phenomenon
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709.0207
Modular intersection cohomology complexes on flag varieties
We present a combinatorial procedure (based on the W-graph of the Coxeter group) which shows that the characters of many intersection cohomology complexes on low rank complex flag varieties with coefficients in an arbitrary field are given by Kazhdan-Lusztig basis elements. Our procedure exploits the existence and uniqueness of parity sheaves. In particular we are able to show that the characters of all intersection cohomology complexes with coefficients in a field on the flag variety of type A_n for n < 7 are given by Kazhdan-Lusztig basis elements. By results of Soergel, this implies a part of Lusztig's conjecture for SL(n) with n \le 7. We also give examples where our techniques fail. In the appendix by Tom Braden examples are given of intersection cohomology complexes on the flag varities for SL(8) and SO(8) which have torsion in their stalks or costalks.
math.RT math.AG
we present a combinatorial procedure based on the wgraph of the coxeter group which shows that the characters of many intersection cohomology complexes on low rank complex flag varieties with coefficients in an arbitrary field are given by kazhdanlusztig basis elements our procedure exploits the existence and uniqueness of parity sheaves in particular we are able to show that the characters of all intersection cohomology complexes with coefficients in a field on the flag variety of type a_n for n 7 are given by kazhdanlusztig basis elements by results of soergel this implies a part of lusztigs conjecture for sln with n le 7 we also give examples where our techniques fail in the appendix by tom braden examples are given of intersection cohomology complexes on the flag varities for sl8 and so8 which have torsion in their stalks or costalks
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709.0208
Three regularization models of the Navier-Stokes equations
We determine how the differences in the treatment of the subfilter-scale physics affect the properties of the flow for three closely related regularizations of Navier-Stokes. The consequences on the applicability of the regularizations as SGS models are also shown by examining their effects on superfilter-scale properties. Numerical solutions of the Clark-alpha model are compared to two previously employed regularizations, LANS-alpha and Leray-alpha (at Re ~ 3300, Taylor Re ~ 790) and to a DNS. We derive the Karman-Howarth equation for both the Clark-alpha and Leray-alpha models. We confirm one of two possible scalings resulting from this equation for Clark as well as its associated k^(-1) energy spectrum. At sub-filter scales, Clark-alpha possesses similar total dissipation and characteristic time to reach a statistical turbulent steady-state as Navier-Stokes, but exhibits greater intermittency. As a SGS model, Clark reproduces the energy spectrum and intermittency properties of the DNS. For the Leray model, increasing the filter width decreases the nonlinearity and the effective Re is substantially decreased. Even for the smallest value of alpha studied, Leray-alpha was inadequate as a SGS model. The LANS energy spectrum k^1, consistent with its so-called "rigid bodies," precludes a reproduction of the large-scale energy spectrum of the DNS at high Re while achieving a large reduction in resolution. However, that this same feature reduces its intermittency compared to Clark-alpha (which shares a similar Karman-Howarth equation). Clark is found to be the best approximation for reproducing the total dissipation rate and the energy spectrum at scales larger than alpha, whereas high-order intermittency properties for larger values of alpha are best reproduced by LANS-alpha.
physics.flu-dyn nlin.CD
we determine how the differences in the treatment of the subfilterscale physics affect the properties of the flow for three closely related regularizations of navierstokes the consequences on the applicability of the regularizations as sgs models are also shown by examining their effects on superfilterscale properties numerical solutions of the clarkalpha model are compared to two previously employed regularizations lansalpha and lerayalpha at re 3300 taylor re 790 and to a dns we derive the karmanhowarth equation for both the clarkalpha and lerayalpha models we confirm one of two possible scalings resulting from this equation for clark as well as its associated k1 energy spectrum at subfilter scales clarkalpha possesses similar total dissipation and characteristic time to reach a statistical turbulent steadystate as navierstokes but exhibits greater intermittency as a sgs model clark reproduces the energy spectrum and intermittency properties of the dns for the leray model increasing the filter width decreases the nonlinearity and the effective re is substantially decreased even for the smallest value of alpha studied lerayalpha was inadequate as a sgs model the lans energy spectrum k1 consistent with its socalled rigid bodies precludes a reproduction of the largescale energy spectrum of the dns at high re while achieving a large reduction in resolution however that this same feature reduces its intermittency compared to clarkalpha which shares a similar karmanhowarth equation clark is found to be the best approximation for reproducing the total dissipation rate and the energy spectrum at scales larger than alpha whereas highorder intermittency properties for larger values of alpha are best reproduced by lansalpha
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709.0209
Resolving the complex structure of the dust torus in the active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy
To test the dust torus model for active galactic nuclei directly, we study the extent and morphology of the nuclear dust distribution in the Circinus galaxy using high resolution interferometric observations in the mid-infrared with the MIDI instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. We find that the dust distribution in the nucleus of Circinus can be explained by two components, a dense and warm disk-like component of 0.4 pc size and a slightly cooler, geometrically thick torus component with a size of 2.0 pc. The disk component is oriented perpendicular to the ionisation cone and outflow and seems to show the silicate feature at 10 micron in emission. It coincides with a nuclear maser disk in orientation and size. From the energy needed to heat the dust, we infer a luminosity of the accretion disk corresponding to 20% of the Eddington luminosity of the nuclear black hole. We find that the interferometric data are inconsistent with a simple, smooth and axisymmetric dust emission. The irregular behaviour of the visibilities and the shallow decrease of the dust temperature with radius provide strong evidence for a clumpy or filamentary dust structure. We see no evidence for dust reprocessing, as the silicate absorption profile is consistent with that of standard galactic dust. We argue that the collimation of the ionising radiation must originate in the geometrically thick torus component. Our findings confirm the presence of a geometrically thick, torus-like dust distribution in the nucleus of Circinus, as required in unified schemes of Seyfert galaxies. Several aspects of our data require that this torus is irregular, or "clumpy".
astro-ph
to test the dust torus model for active galactic nuclei directly we study the extent and morphology of the nuclear dust distribution in the circinus galaxy using high resolution interferometric observations in the midinfrared with the midi instrument at the very large telescope interferometer we find that the dust distribution in the nucleus of circinus can be explained by two components a dense and warm disklike component of 04 pc size and a slightly cooler geometrically thick torus component with a size of 20 pc the disk component is oriented perpendicular to the ionisation cone and outflow and seems to show the silicate feature at 10 micron in emission it coincides with a nuclear maser disk in orientation and size from the energy needed to heat the dust we infer a luminosity of the accretion disk corresponding to 20 of the eddington luminosity of the nuclear black hole we find that the interferometric data are inconsistent with a simple smooth and axisymmetric dust emission the irregular behaviour of the visibilities and the shallow decrease of the dust temperature with radius provide strong evidence for a clumpy or filamentary dust structure we see no evidence for dust reprocessing as the silicate absorption profile is consistent with that of standard galactic dust we argue that the collimation of the ionising radiation must originate in the geometrically thick torus component our findings confirm the presence of a geometrically thick toruslike dust distribution in the nucleus of circinus as required in unified schemes of seyfert galaxies several aspects of our data require that this torus is irregular or clumpy
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709.021
$\eta'$ production in proton-proton collisions far from the threshold
I discuss exclusive production of the $\eta'$ meson in the $pp \to p\eta'p$ reaction far from the threshold. The contribution of diffractive component as well as that for $\gamma^* \gamma^* \to \eta'$ fusion are calculated. In the first case the formalism of unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDF) is used. The distributions in the Feynman $x_F$ (or rapidity), transferred four-momenta squared between initial and final protons ($t_1$, $t_2$) and azimuthal angle difference between outgoing protons ($\Phi$) are calculated. The deviations from the $\sin^2(\Phi)$ dependence predicted by one-step vector-vector-pseudoscalar coupling are quantified and discussed. The results are compared with the results of the WA102 collaboration at CERN. Most of the models of UGDF from the literature give too small cross section as compared to the WA102 data and predict angular distribution in relative azimuthal angle strongly asymmetric with respect to $\pi/2$ in disagreement with the WA102 data. This points to a different mechanism at the WA102 energy. Predictions for RHIC, Tevatron and LHC are given.
nucl-th
i discuss exclusive production of the eta meson in the pp to petap reaction far from the threshold the contribution of diffractive component as well as that for gamma gamma to eta fusion are calculated in the first case the formalism of unintegrated gluon distribution functions ugdf is used the distributions in the feynman x_f or rapidity transferred fourmomenta squared between initial and final protons t_1 t_2 and azimuthal angle difference between outgoing protons phi are calculated the deviations from the sin2phi dependence predicted by onestep vectorvectorpseudoscalar coupling are quantified and discussed the results are compared with the results of the wa102 collaboration at cern most of the models of ugdf from the literature give too small cross section as compared to the wa102 data and predict angular distribution in relative azimuthal angle strongly asymmetric with respect to pi2 in disagreement with the wa102 data this points to a different mechanism at the wa102 energy predictions for rhic tevatron and lhc are given
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709.0211
Relativistic dynamical friction in a collisional fluid
The dynamical friction force experienced by a body moving at relativistic speed in a gaseous medium is examined. This force, which arises due to the gravitational interaction of the body with its own gravitationally-induced wake, is calculated for straight-line and circular motion, generalizing previous results by several authors. Possible applications to the study of extreme mass-ratio inspirals around strongly-accreting supermassive black holes are suggested.
astro-ph gr-qc physics.flu-dyn
the dynamical friction force experienced by a body moving at relativistic speed in a gaseous medium is examined this force which arises due to the gravitational interaction of the body with its own gravitationallyinduced wake is calculated for straightline and circular motion generalizing previous results by several authors possible applications to the study of extreme massratio inspirals around stronglyaccreting supermassive black holes are suggested
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709.0212
Non-critically squeezed light via spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking
We theoretically address squeezed light generation through the spontaneous breaking of the rotational invariance occuring in a type I degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) pumped above threshold. We show that a DOPO with spherical mirrors, in which the signal and idler fields correspond to first order Laguerre-Gauss modes, produces a perfectly squeezed vacuum with the shape of a Hermite-Gauss mode, within the linearized theory. This occurs at any pumping level above threshold, hence the phenomenon is non-critical. Imperfections of the rotational symmetry, due e.g. to cavity anisotropy, are shown to have a small impact, hence the result is not singular.
quant-ph
we theoretically address squeezed light generation through the spontaneous breaking of the rotational invariance occuring in a type i degenerate optical parametric oscillator dopo pumped above threshold we show that a dopo with spherical mirrors in which the signal and idler fields correspond to first order laguerregauss modes produces a perfectly squeezed vacuum with the shape of a hermitegauss mode within the linearized theory this occurs at any pumping level above threshold hence the phenomenon is noncritical imperfections of the rotational symmetry due eg to cavity anisotropy are shown to have a small impact hence the result is not singular
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709.0213
On the discrete spectrum of spin-orbit Hamiltonians with singular interactions
We give a variational proof of the existence of infinitely many bound states below the continuous spectrum for spin-orbit Hamiltonians (including the Rashba and Dresselhaus cases) perturbed by measure potentials thus extending the results of J.Bruening, V.Geyler, K.Pankrashkin: J. Phys. A 40 (2007) F113--F117.
math-ph math.MP
we give a variational proof of the existence of infinitely many bound states below the continuous spectrum for spinorbit hamiltonians including the rashba and dresselhaus cases perturbed by measure potentials thus extending the results of jbruening vgeyler kpankrashkin j phys a 40 2007 f113f117
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709.0214
Thermal Evolution of Strange Stars
We investigated the thermal evolution of rotating strange stars with the deconfinement heating due to magnetic braking. We consider the stars consisting of either normal quark matter or color-flavor-locked phase. Combining deconfinement heating with magnetic field decay, we find that the thermal evolution curves are identical to pulsar data.
astro-ph
we investigated the thermal evolution of rotating strange stars with the deconfinement heating due to magnetic braking we consider the stars consisting of either normal quark matter or colorflavorlocked phase combining deconfinement heating with magnetic field decay we find that the thermal evolution curves are identical to pulsar data
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709.0215
Energetic radiation and the sulfur chemistry of protostellar envelopes: Submillimeter interferometry of AFGL 2591
CONTEXT: The chemistry in the inner few thousand AU of accreting envelopes around young stellar objects is predicted to vary greatly with far-UV and X-ray irradiation by the central star. Aim We search for molecular tracers of high-energy irradiation by the protostar in the hot inner envelope. METHODS: The Submillimeter Array (SMA) has observed the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591 in lines of CS, SO, HCN, HCN(v2=1), and HC15N with 0.6" resolution at 350 GHz probing radial scales of 600-3500 AU for an assumed distance of 1 kpc. The SMA observations are compared with the predictions of a chemical model fitted to previous single-dish observations. RESULTS: The CS and SO main peaks are extended in space at the FWHM level, as predicted in the model assuming protostellar X-rays. However, the main peak sizes are found smaller than modeled by nearly a factor of 2. On the other hand, the lines of CS, HCN, and HC15N, but not SO and HCN(v2=1), show pedestal emissions at radii of about 3500 AU that are not predicted. All lines except SO show a secondary peak within the approaching outflow cone. A dip or null in the visibilities caused by a sharp decrease in abundance with increasing radius is not observed in CS and only tentatively in SO. CONCLUSIONS: The emission of protostellar X-rays is supported by the good fit of the modeled SO and CS amplitude visibilities including an extended main peak in CS. The broad pedestals can be interpreted by far-UV irradiation in a spherically non-symmetric geometry, possibly comprising outflow walls on scales of 3500 -- 7000 AU. The extended CS and SO main peaks suggest sulfur evaporation near the 100 K temperature radius.
astro-ph
context the chemistry in the inner few thousand au of accreting envelopes around young stellar objects is predicted to vary greatly with faruv and xray irradiation by the central star aim we search for molecular tracers of highenergy irradiation by the protostar in the hot inner envelope methods the submillimeter array sma has observed the highmass star forming region afgl 2591 in lines of cs so hcn hcnv21 and hc15n with 06 resolution at 350 ghz probing radial scales of 6003500 au for an assumed distance of 1 kpc the sma observations are compared with the predictions of a chemical model fitted to previous singledish observations results the cs and so main peaks are extended in space at the fwhm level as predicted in the model assuming protostellar xrays however the main peak sizes are found smaller than modeled by nearly a factor of 2 on the other hand the lines of cs hcn and hc15n but not so and hcnv21 show pedestal emissions at radii of about 3500 au that are not predicted all lines except so show a secondary peak within the approaching outflow cone a dip or null in the visibilities caused by a sharp decrease in abundance with increasing radius is not observed in cs and only tentatively in so conclusions the emission of protostellar xrays is supported by the good fit of the modeled so and cs amplitude visibilities including an extended main peak in cs the broad pedestals can be interpreted by faruv irradiation in a spherically nonsymmetric geometry possibly comprising outflow walls on scales of 3500 7000 au the extended cs and so main peaks suggest sulfur evaporation near the 100 k temperature radius
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709.0216
Heart - Shaped Nuclei: Condensation of Rotational Aligned Octupole Phonons
The strong octupole correlations in the mass region $A\approx 226$ are interpreted as rotation-induced condensation of octupole phonons having their angular momentum aligned with the rotational axis. Discrete phonon energy and parity conservation generate oscillations of the energy difference between the lowest rotational bands with positive and negative parity. Anharmonicities tend to synchronize the the rotation of the condensate and the quadrupole shape of the nucleus forming a rotating heart shape.
nucl-th
the strong octupole correlations in the mass region aapprox 226 are interpreted as rotationinduced condensation of octupole phonons having their angular momentum aligned with the rotational axis discrete phonon energy and parity conservation generate oscillations of the energy difference between the lowest rotational bands with positive and negative parity anharmonicities tend to synchronize the the rotation of the condensate and the quadrupole shape of the nucleus forming a rotating heart shape
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709.0217
Mobility promotes and jeopardizes biodiversity in rock-paper-scissors games
Biodiversity is essential to the viability of ecological systems. Species diversity in ecosystems is promoted by cyclic, non-hierarchical interactions among competing populations. Such non-transitive relations lead to an evolution with central features represented by the `rock-paper-scissors' game, where rock crushes scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper wraps rock. In combination with spatial dispersal of static populations, this type of competition results in the stable coexistence of all species and the long-term maintenance of biodiversity. However, population mobility is a central feature of real ecosystems: animals migrate, bacteria run and tumble. Here, we observe a critical influence of mobility on species diversity. When mobility exceeds a certain value, biodiversity is jeopardized and lost. In contrast, below this critical threshold all subpopulations coexist and an entanglement of travelling spiral waves forms in the course of temporal evolution. We establish that this phenomenon is robust, it does not depend on the details of cyclic competition or spatial environment. These findings have important implications for maintenance and evolution of ecological systems and are relevant for the formation and propagation of patterns in excitable media, such as chemical kinetics or epidemic outbreaks.
q-bio.PE cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph
biodiversity is essential to the viability of ecological systems species diversity in ecosystems is promoted by cyclic nonhierarchical interactions among competing populations such nontransitive relations lead to an evolution with central features represented by the rockpaperscissors game where rock crushes scissors scissors cut paper and paper wraps rock in combination with spatial dispersal of static populations this type of competition results in the stable coexistence of all species and the longterm maintenance of biodiversity however population mobility is a central feature of real ecosystems animals migrate bacteria run and tumble here we observe a critical influence of mobility on species diversity when mobility exceeds a certain value biodiversity is jeopardized and lost in contrast below this critical threshold all subpopulations coexist and an entanglement of travelling spiral waves forms in the course of temporal evolution we establish that this phenomenon is robust it does not depend on the details of cyclic competition or spatial environment these findings have important implications for maintenance and evolution of ecological systems and are relevant for the formation and propagation of patterns in excitable media such as chemical kinetics or epidemic outbreaks
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709.0218
Inferring Neuronal Network Connectivity using Time-constrained Episodes
Discovering frequent episodes in event sequences is an interesting data mining task. In this paper, we argue that this framework is very effective for analyzing multi-neuronal spike train data. Analyzing spike train data is an important problem in neuroscience though there are no data mining approaches reported for this. Motivated by this application, we introduce different temporal constraints on the occurrences of episodes. We present algorithms for discovering frequent episodes under temporal constraints. Through simulations, we show that our method is very effective for analyzing spike train data for unearthing underlying connectivity patterns.
cs.DB q-bio.NC
discovering frequent episodes in event sequences is an interesting data mining task in this paper we argue that this framework is very effective for analyzing multineuronal spike train data analyzing spike train data is an important problem in neuroscience though there are no data mining approaches reported for this motivated by this application we introduce different temporal constraints on the occurrences of episodes we present algorithms for discovering frequent episodes under temporal constraints through simulations we show that our method is very effective for analyzing spike train data for unearthing underlying connectivity patterns
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709.0219
Complex-space singularities of 2D Euler flow in Lagrangian coordinates
We show that, for two-dimensional space-periodic incompressible flow, the solution can be evaluated numerically in Lagrangian coordinates with the same accuracy achieved in standard Eulerian spectral methods. This allows the determination of complex-space Lagrangian singularities. Lagrangian singularities are found to be closer to the real domain than Eulerian singularities and seem to correspond to fluid particles which escape to (complex) infinity by the current time. Various mathematical conjectures regarding Eulerian/Lagrangian singularities are presented.
nlin.CD
we show that for twodimensional spaceperiodic incompressible flow the solution can be evaluated numerically in lagrangian coordinates with the same accuracy achieved in standard eulerian spectral methods this allows the determination of complexspace lagrangian singularities lagrangian singularities are found to be closer to the real domain than eulerian singularities and seem to correspond to fluid particles which escape to complex infinity by the current time various mathematical conjectures regarding eulerianlagrangian singularities are presented
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709.022
The influence of out-of-plane disorder on the formation of pseudogap and Fermi arc in Bi2Sr2-xRxCuOy (R=La and Eu)
We found that the length of the Fermi arc decreases with increasing out-of-plane disorder by performing angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements in the superconducting state of optimally doped R=La and Eu samples of Bi2Sr2&#8722;xRxCuOy. Since out-of-plane disorder stabilizes the antinodal pseudogap as was shown in our previous study of the normal state, the present results indicate that this antinodal pseudogap persists into the superconducting state and decreases the Fermi arc length. We think that the shrinkage of the Fermi arc reduces the superfluid density, which explains the large suppression of the superconducting transition temperature when out-of-plane disorder is increased.
cond-mat.supr-con
we found that the length of the fermi arc decreases with increasing outofplane disorder by performing angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy arpes measurements in the superconducting state of optimally doped rla and eu samples of bi2sr28722xrxcuoy since outofplane disorder stabilizes the antinodal pseudogap as was shown in our previous study of the normal state the present results indicate that this antinodal pseudogap persists into the superconducting state and decreases the fermi arc length we think that the shrinkage of the fermi arc reduces the superfluid density which explains the large suppression of the superconducting transition temperature when outofplane disorder is increased
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709.0221
Scanning the Landscape of Flux Compactifications: Vacuum Structure and Soft Supersymmetry Breaking
We scan the landscape of flux compactifications for the Calabi-Yau manifold $\mathbb{P}^4_{[1,1,1,6,9]}$ with two K\" ahler moduli by varying the value of the flux superpotential $W_0$ over a large range of values. We do not include uplift terms. We find a rich phase structure of AdS and dS vacua. Starting with $W_0\sim 1$ we reproduce the exponentially large volume scenario, but as $W_0$ is reduced new classes of minima appear. One of them corresponds to the supersymmetric KKLT vacuum while the other is a new, deeper non-supersymmetric minimum. We study how the bare cosmological constant and the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters for matter on D7 branes depend on $W_0$, for these classes of minima. We discuss potential applications of our results.
hep-th
we scan the landscape of flux compactifications for the calabiyau manifold mathbbp4_11169 with two k ahler moduli by varying the value of the flux superpotential w_0 over a large range of values we do not include uplift terms we find a rich phase structure of ads and ds vacua starting with w_0sim 1 we reproduce the exponentially large volume scenario but as w_0 is reduced new classes of minima appear one of them corresponds to the supersymmetric kklt vacuum while the other is a new deeper nonsupersymmetric minimum we study how the bare cosmological constant and the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters for matter on d7 branes depend on w_0 for these classes of minima we discuss potential applications of our results
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709.0222
Large-eddy simulation of the flow in a lid-driven cubical cavity
Large-eddy simulations of the turbulent flow in a lid-driven cubical cavity have been carried out at a Reynolds number of 12000 using spectral element methods. Two distinct subgrid-scales models, namely a dynamic Smagorinsky model and a dynamic mixed model, have been both implemented and used to perform long-lasting simulations required by the relevant time scales of the flow. All filtering levels make use of explicit filters applied in the physical space (on an element-by-element approach) and spectral (modal) spaces. The two subgrid-scales models are validated and compared to available experimental and numerical reference results, showing very good agreement. Specific features of lid-driven cavity flow in the turbulent regime, such as inhomogeneity of turbulence, turbulence production near the downstream corner eddy, small-scales localization and helical properties are investigated and discussed in the large-eddy simulation framework. Time histories of quantities such as the total energy, total turbulent kinetic energy or helicity exhibit different evolutions but only after a relatively long transient period. However, the average values remain extremely close.
physics.flu-dyn physics.comp-ph
largeeddy simulations of the turbulent flow in a liddriven cubical cavity have been carried out at a reynolds number of 12000 using spectral element methods two distinct subgridscales models namely a dynamic smagorinsky model and a dynamic mixed model have been both implemented and used to perform longlasting simulations required by the relevant time scales of the flow all filtering levels make use of explicit filters applied in the physical space on an elementbyelement approach and spectral modal spaces the two subgridscales models are validated and compared to available experimental and numerical reference results showing very good agreement specific features of liddriven cavity flow in the turbulent regime such as inhomogeneity of turbulence turbulence production near the downstream corner eddy smallscales localization and helical properties are investigated and discussed in the largeeddy simulation framework time histories of quantities such as the total energy total turbulent kinetic energy or helicity exhibit different evolutions but only after a relatively long transient period however the average values remain extremely close
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709.0223
Brief encounter networks
Many complex human and natural phenomena can usefully be represented as networks describing the relationships between individuals. While these relationships are typically intermittent, previous research has used network representations that aggregate the relationships at discrete intervals. However, such an aggregation discards important temporal information, thus inhibiting our understanding of the networks dynamic behaviour and evolution. We have recorded patterns of human urban encounter using Bluetooth technology thus retaining the temporal properties of this network. Here we show how this temporal information influences the structural properties of the network. We show that the temporal properties of human urban encounter are scale-free, leading to an overwhelming proportion of brief encounters between individuals. While previous research has shown preferential attachment to result in scale-free connectivity in aggregated network data, we found that scale-free connectivity results from the temporal properties of the network. In addition, we show that brief encounters act as weak social ties in the diffusion of non-expiring information, yet persistent encounters provide the means for sustaining time-expiring information through a network.
cs.CY
many complex human and natural phenomena can usefully be represented as networks describing the relationships between individuals while these relationships are typically intermittent previous research has used network representations that aggregate the relationships at discrete intervals however such an aggregation discards important temporal information thus inhibiting our understanding of the networks dynamic behaviour and evolution we have recorded patterns of human urban encounter using bluetooth technology thus retaining the temporal properties of this network here we show how this temporal information influences the structural properties of the network we show that the temporal properties of human urban encounter are scalefree leading to an overwhelming proportion of brief encounters between individuals while previous research has shown preferential attachment to result in scalefree connectivity in aggregated network data we found that scalefree connectivity results from the temporal properties of the network in addition we show that brief encounters act as weak social ties in the diffusion of nonexpiring information yet persistent encounters provide the means for sustaining timeexpiring information through a network
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709.0224
Diffractive production of quarkonia
I discuss two selected examples of diffractive production of quarkonia: $p p \to p \eta' p$ and $p p \to p J/\psi p$. In the first case I consider diffractive pQCD approach and $\gamma \gamma$ fusion, in the second case the amplitude is linked to the amplitude of the process for $J/\psi$ photoproduction at HERA. Absorption effects are discussed briefly for the second reaction.
hep-ph
i discuss two selected examples of diffractive production of quarkonia p p to p eta p and p p to p jpsi p in the first case i consider diffractive pqcd approach and gamma gamma fusion in the second case the amplitude is linked to the amplitude of the process for jpsi photoproduction at hera absorption effects are discussed briefly for the second reaction
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709.0225
Anomalous finite-size effects in the Battle of the Sexes
The Battle of the Sexes describes asymmetric conflicts in mating behavior of males and females. Males can be philanderer or faithful, while females are either fast or coy, leading to a cyclic dynamics. The adjusted replicator equation predicts stable coexistence of all four strategies. In this situation, we consider the effects of fluctuations stemming from a finite population size. We show that they unavoidably lead to extinction of two strategies in the population. However, the typical time until extinction occurs strongly prolongs with increasing system size. In the meantime, a quasi-stationary probability distribution forms that is anomalously flat in the vicinity of the coexistence state. This behavior originates in a vanishing linear deterministic drift near the fixed point. We provide numerical data as well as an analytical approach to the mean extinction time and the quasi-stationary probability distribution.
q-bio.PE cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph
the battle of the sexes describes asymmetric conflicts in mating behavior of males and females males can be philanderer or faithful while females are either fast or coy leading to a cyclic dynamics the adjusted replicator equation predicts stable coexistence of all four strategies in this situation we consider the effects of fluctuations stemming from a finite population size we show that they unavoidably lead to extinction of two strategies in the population however the typical time until extinction occurs strongly prolongs with increasing system size in the meantime a quasistationary probability distribution forms that is anomalously flat in the vicinity of the coexistence state this behavior originates in a vanishing linear deterministic drift near the fixed point we provide numerical data as well as an analytical approach to the mean extinction time and the quasistationary probability distribution
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709.0226
Imaging Electron Wave Functions Inside Open Quantum Rings
Combining Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM) experiments and simulations, we demonstrate low temperature imaging of electron probability density $|\Psi|^{2}(x,y)$ in embedded mesoscopic quantum rings (QRs). The tip-induced conductance modulations share the same temperature dependence as the Aharonov-Bohm effect, indicating that they originate from electron wavefunction interferences. Simulations of both $|\Psi|^{2}(x,y)$ and SGM conductance maps reproduce the main experimental observations and link fringes in SGM images to $|\Psi|^{2}(x,y)$.
cond-mat.mes-hall
combining scanning gate microscopy sgm experiments and simulations we demonstrate low temperature imaging of electron probability density psi2xy in embedded mesoscopic quantum rings qrs the tipinduced conductance modulations share the same temperature dependence as the aharonovbohm effect indicating that they originate from electron wavefunction interferences simulations of both psi2xy and sgm conductance maps reproduce the main experimental observations and link fringes in sgm images to psi2xy
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709.0227
Importance of constraining the dense matter Equation of State in pulsar astrophysics
We study the dependence of the surface magnetic fields of radio pulsars on the choice of Equations of State, pulsar masses and the values of the angle between the magnetic axis and the spin axis of the pulsars within simple dipole model. We show that the values of the surface magnetic field can be even order of magnitude different from its canonical values. This difference will effect any magnetosphere related model to explain observational features of radio pulsars and magnetars. We find a significant difference of the value of the surface magnetic field from the commonly quoted value for the faster member of the double pulsar system, i.e. PSR J0737-3039A as here both the mass of the pulsar and the angle between the magnetic axis and the spin axis are known. Our study reveals the importance of constraining the dense matter Equations of State in pulsar astrophysics as well as hints an alternative way to constrain these by independent determination of the pulsar magnetic field.
astro-ph
we study the dependence of the surface magnetic fields of radio pulsars on the choice of equations of state pulsar masses and the values of the angle between the magnetic axis and the spin axis of the pulsars within simple dipole model we show that the values of the surface magnetic field can be even order of magnitude different from its canonical values this difference will effect any magnetosphere related model to explain observational features of radio pulsars and magnetars we find a significant difference of the value of the surface magnetic field from the commonly quoted value for the faster member of the double pulsar system ie psr j07373039a as here both the mass of the pulsar and the angle between the magnetic axis and the spin axis are known our study reveals the importance of constraining the dense matter equations of state in pulsar astrophysics as well as hints an alternative way to constrain these by independent determination of the pulsar magnetic field
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709.0228
Nuclear Chemical and Mechanical Instability and the Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclei
The thermodynamic properties of nuclei are studied in a mean field model using a Skryme interaction. Properties of two component systems are investigated over the complete range of proton fraction from a system of pure neutrons to a system of only protons. Besides volume, symmetry, and Coulomb effects we also include momentum or velocity dependent forces. Applications of the results developed are then given which include nuclear mechanical and chemical instability and an associated liquid/gas phase transition in two component systems. The velocity dependence leads to further changes in the coexistence curve and nuclear mechanical and chemical instability curves.
nucl-th
the thermodynamic properties of nuclei are studied in a mean field model using a skryme interaction properties of two component systems are investigated over the complete range of proton fraction from a system of pure neutrons to a system of only protons besides volume symmetry and coulomb effects we also include momentum or velocity dependent forces applications of the results developed are then given which include nuclear mechanical and chemical instability and an associated liquidgas phase transition in two component systems the velocity dependence leads to further changes in the coexistence curve and nuclear mechanical and chemical instability curves
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709.0229
Quantum phase transitions and thermodynamics of quantum antiferromagnets with competing interactions
We study the isotropic Heisenberg chain with nearest and next-nearest neighbour interactions. The ground state phase diagram is constructed in dependence on the additonal interactions and an external magnetic field. The thermodynamics is studied by use of finite sets of non-linear integral equations resulting from integrabiliy. The equations are solved numerically and analytically in suitable limiting cases. We find second and first order transition lines. The exponents of the low temperature asymptotics at the phase transitions are determined.
cond-mat.str-el
we study the isotropic heisenberg chain with nearest and nextnearest neighbour interactions the ground state phase diagram is constructed in dependence on the additonal interactions and an external magnetic field the thermodynamics is studied by use of finite sets of nonlinear integral equations resulting from integrabiliy the equations are solved numerically and analytically in suitable limiting cases we find second and first order transition lines the exponents of the low temperature asymptotics at the phase transitions are determined
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709.023
$\eta \to 3 \pi$ at Two Loops In Chiral Perturbation Theory
We calculate the decay $\eta\to3\pi$ at next-to-next-to-leading order or order $p^6$ in Chiral Perturbation Theory. The corrections are somewhat larger than was indicated by dispersive estimates. We present numerical results for the Dalitz plot parameters, the ratio $r$ of the neutral to charged decay and the total decay rate. In addition we derive an inequality between the slope parameters of the charged and neutral decay. The experimental charged decay rate leads to central values for the isospin breaking quantities $R=42.2$ and $Q=23.2$.
hep-ph
we calculate the decay etato3pi at nexttonexttoleading order or order p6 in chiral perturbation theory the corrections are somewhat larger than was indicated by dispersive estimates we present numerical results for the dalitz plot parameters the ratio r of the neutral to charged decay and the total decay rate in addition we derive an inequality between the slope parameters of the charged and neutral decay the experimental charged decay rate leads to central values for the isospin breaking quantities r422 and q232
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709.0231
ATLAS silicon module assembly and qualification tests at IFIC Valencia
ATLAS experiment, designed to probe the interactions of particles emerging out of proton proton collisions at energies of up to 14 TeV, will assume operation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in 2007. This paper discusses the assembly and the quality control tests of forward detector modules for the ATLAS silicon microstrip detector assembled at the Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC) in Valencia. The construction and testing procedures are outlined and the laboratory equipment is briefly described. Emphasis is given on the module quality achieved in terms of mechanical and electrical stability.
physics.ins-det
atlas experiment designed to probe the interactions of particles emerging out of proton proton collisions at energies of up to 14 tev will assume operation at the large hadron collider lhc at cern in 2007 this paper discusses the assembly and the quality control tests of forward detector modules for the atlas silicon microstrip detector assembled at the instituto de fisica corpuscular ific in valencia the construction and testing procedures are outlined and the laboratory equipment is briefly described emphasis is given on the module quality achieved in terms of mechanical and electrical stability
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709.0232
Valuations and dynamic convex risk measures
This paper approaches the definition and properties of dynamic convex risk measures through the notion of a family of concave valuation operators satisfying certain simple and credible axioms. Exploring these in the simplest context of a finite time set and finite sample space, we find natural risk-transfer and time-consistency properties for a firm seeking to spread its risk across a group of subsidiaries.
q-fin.RM math.PR
this paper approaches the definition and properties of dynamic convex risk measures through the notion of a family of concave valuation operators satisfying certain simple and credible axioms exploring these in the simplest context of a finite time set and finite sample space we find natural risktransfer and timeconsistency properties for a firm seeking to spread its risk across a group of subsidiaries
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709.0233
Parameterization of the Angular Distribution of Gamma Rays Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment
We present the angular distribution of gamma rays produced by proton-proton interactions in parameterized formulae to facilitate calculations in astrophysical environments. The parameterization is derived from Monte Carlo simulations of the up-to-date proton-proton interaction model by Kamae et al. (2005) and its extension by Kamae et al. (2006). This model includes the logarithmically rising inelastic cross section, the diffraction dissociation process and Feynman scaling violation. The extension adds two baryon resonance contributions: one representing the Delta(1232) and the other representing multiple resonances around 1600 MeV/c^2. We demonstrate the use of the formulae by calculating the predicted gamma-ray spectrum for two different cases: the first is a pencil beam of protons following a power law and the second is a fanned proton jet with a Gaussian intensity profile impinging on the surrounding material. In both cases we find that the predicted gamma-ray spectrum to be dependent on the viewing angle.
astro-ph
we present the angular distribution of gamma rays produced by protonproton interactions in parameterized formulae to facilitate calculations in astrophysical environments the parameterization is derived from monte carlo simulations of the uptodate protonproton interaction model by kamae et al 2005 and its extension by kamae et al 2006 this model includes the logarithmically rising inelastic cross section the diffraction dissociation process and feynman scaling violation the extension adds two baryon resonance contributions one representing the delta1232 and the other representing multiple resonances around 1600 mevc2 we demonstrate the use of the formulae by calculating the predicted gammaray spectrum for two different cases the first is a pencil beam of protons following a power law and the second is a fanned proton jet with a gaussian intensity profile impinging on the surrounding material in both cases we find that the predicted gammaray spectrum to be dependent on the viewing angle
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709.0234
On the magnetic fields generated by experimental dynamos
We review the results obtained by three successful fluid dynamo experiments and discuss what has been learnt from them about the effect of turbulence on the dynamo threshold and saturation. We then discuss several questions that are still open and propose experiments that could be performed to answer some of them.
physics.flu-dyn physics.geo-ph
we review the results obtained by three successful fluid dynamo experiments and discuss what has been learnt from them about the effect of turbulence on the dynamo threshold and saturation we then discuss several questions that are still open and propose experiments that could be performed to answer some of them
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