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709.1135 | Parameter estimation in diagonalizable bilinear stochastic parabolic
equations | A parameter estimation problem is considered for a stochastic parabolic
equation with multiplicative noise under the assumption that the equation can
be reduced to an infinite system of uncoupled diffusion processes. From the
point of view of classical statistics, this problem turns out to be singular
not only for the original infinite-dimensional system but also for most
finite-dimensional projections. This singularity can be exploited to improve
the rate of convergence of traditional estimators as well as to construct
completely new closed-form exact estimator.
| math.PR math.ST stat.TH | a parameter estimation problem is considered for a stochastic parabolic equation with multiplicative noise under the assumption that the equation can be reduced to an infinite system of uncoupled diffusion processes from the point of view of classical statistics this problem turns out to be singular not only for the original infinitedimensional system but also for most finitedimensional projections this singularity can be exploited to improve the rate of convergence of traditional estimators as well as to construct completely new closedform exact estimator | [['a', 'parameter', 'estimation', 'problem', 'is', 'considered', 'for', 'a', 'stochastic', 'parabolic', 'equation', 'with', 'multiplicative', 'noise', 'under', 'the', 'assumption', 'that', 'the', 'equation', 'can', 'be', 'reduced', 'to', 'an', 'infinite', 'system', 'of', 'uncoupled', 'diffusion', 'processes', 'from', 'the', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'of', 'classical', 'statistics', 'this', 'problem', 'turns', 'out', 'to', 'be', 'singular', 'not', 'only', 'for', 'the', 'original', 'infinitedimensional', 'system', 'but', 'also', 'for', 'most', 'finitedimensional', 'projections', 'this', 'singularity', 'can', 'be', 'exploited', 'to', 'improve', 'the', 'rate', 'of', 'convergence', 'of', 'traditional', 'estimators', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'to', 'construct', 'completely', 'new', 'closedform', 'exact', 'estimator']] | [-0.064780217261581, 0.030088802481368915, -0.1253434954216726, 0.08369826002001583, -0.09037702399339662, -0.18932543366204901, 0.03788484421457691, 0.30405149743499527, -0.3716205601280286, -0.22544766583266745, 0.1696935007755409, -0.22827980573098344, -0.1601520127459732, 0.23043544226920748, -0.11152506124856601, 0.09096432970528188, 0.07205411503428077, 0.05426215812990285, -0.10540652887458093, -0.2810281845460455, 0.3054918201348509, 0.07223029947469392, 0.238113815716681, -0.020406757339032883, 0.1562234245027494, -0.008985330984669637, 0.027380690775273078, 0.033548834813612864, -0.1026106278264947, 0.049819179673129356, 0.2980621977686792, 0.08927316879516983, 0.2946241839328803, -0.36660321943282365, -0.23224709557750858, 0.17018635533974472, 0.21128705112475352, 0.13897673911919975, 0.02517314751194902, -0.288467886330313, 0.10067406162080994, -0.1675998675188117, -0.16323641580473408, -0.07616936986570258, -0.04111622471407236, 0.02467994221362723, -0.3260387599255037, 0.11781590962915749, 0.09973462317728, -0.009668905467513096, -0.058679968573108136, -0.1074289476403585, -0.0017318137197654291, 0.09593196324891894, 0.05374439201227962, -0.008722289201680077, 0.11210475657808494, -0.1014574957192393, -0.09374956140036594, 0.35009387052752616, -0.06038873295961733, -0.3174238692385605, 0.13829897829129484, -0.11035828439922757, -0.1136580106510545, 0.16191328362932048, 0.16455805742922408, 0.10779313822781825, -0.2117684703679329, 0.11412318347089262, -0.04836603034153042, 0.13058312073615044, 0.03086154462477888, 0.023095139229378427, 0.13075350784326353, 0.12800677267887842, 0.16878749810563154, 0.1414827079054933, -0.021088929992752622, -0.1249716638346169, -0.29769400976239196, -0.13832716468065215, -0.1821636249737657, 0.11378586900729759, -0.11808799021507063, -0.20901445373443953, 0.3392989505923925, 0.16520225444278422, 0.18154320595449353, 0.061138963035072186, 0.2743620068698852, 0.22747332261347897, 0.004526334732675543, 0.060650558719700425, 0.21700599378939853, 0.14657857399209437, 0.03976295642969928, -0.18063481113065527, 0.06779547470498336, 0.10091293865466962] |
709.1136 | Long Term Radio Monitoring of SN 1993J | We present our observations of the radio emission from supernova (SN) 1993J,
in M 81 (NGC 3031), made with the VLA, from 90 to 0.7 cm, as well as numerous
measurements from other telescopes. The combined data set constitutes probably
the most detailed set of measurements ever established for any SN outside of
the Local Group in any wavelength range. Only SN 1987A in the LMC has been the
subject of such an intensive observational program. The radio emission evolves
regularly in both time and frequency, and the usual interpretation in terms of
shock interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM) formed by a pre-SN stellar
wind describes the observations rather well considering the complexity of the
phenomenon. However: 1) The 85 - 110 GHz measurements at early times are not
well fitted by the parameterization, unlike the cm wavelength measurements. 2)
At mid-cm wavelengths there is some deviation from the fitted radio light
curves. 3) At a time ~3100 days after shock breakout, the decline rate of the
radio emission steepens without change in the spectral index. This decline is
best described as an exponential decay starting at day 3100 with an e-folding
time of ~1100 days. 4) The best overall fit to all of the data is a model
including both non-thermal synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) and a thermal
free-free absorbing (FFA) components at early times, evolving to a constant
spectral index, optically thin decline rate, until the break in that decline
rate. Moreover, neither a purely SSA nor a purely FFA absorbing models can
provide a fit that simultaneously reproduces the light curves, the spectral
index evolution, and the brightness temperature evolution. 5) The radio and
X-ray light curves exhibit similar behavior and suggest a sudden drop in the SN
progenitor mass-loss rate at ~8000 years prior to shock breakout.
| astro-ph | we present our observations of the radio emission from supernova sn 1993j in m 81 ngc 3031 made with the vla from 90 to 07 cm as well as numerous measurements from other telescopes the combined data set constitutes probably the most detailed set of measurements ever established for any sn outside of the local group in any wavelength range only sn 1987a in the lmc has been the subject of such an intensive observational program the radio emission evolves regularly in both time and frequency and the usual interpretation in terms of shock interaction with a circumstellar medium csm formed by a presn stellar wind describes the observations rather well considering the complexity of the phenomenon however 1 the 85 110 ghz measurements at early times are not well fitted by the parameterization unlike the cm wavelength measurements 2 at midcm wavelengths there is some deviation from the fitted radio light curves 3 at a time 3100 days after shock breakout the decline rate of the radio emission steepens without change in the spectral index this decline is best described as an exponential decay starting at day 3100 with an efolding time of 1100 days 4 the best overall fit to all of the data is a model including both nonthermal synchrotron selfabsorption ssa and a thermal freefree absorbing ffa components at early times evolving to a constant spectral index optically thin decline rate until the break in that decline rate moreover neither a purely ssa nor a purely ffa absorbing models can provide a fit that simultaneously reproduces the light curves the spectral index evolution and the brightness temperature evolution 5 the radio and xray light curves exhibit similar behavior and suggest a sudden drop in the sn progenitor massloss rate at 8000 years prior to shock breakout | [['we', 'present', 'our', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'radio', 'emission', 'from', 'supernova', 'sn', '1993j', 'in', 'm', '81', 'ngc', '3031', 'made', 'with', 'the', 'vla', 'from', '90', 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709.1137 | Looking for Super-Earths in the HD 189733 System: A Search for Transits
in Most Space-Based Photometry | We have made a comprehensive transit search for exoplanets down to ~1.5 - 2
Earth radii in the HD 189733 system, based on 21-days of nearly uninterrupted
broadband optical photometry obtained with the MOST (Microvariability &
Oscillations of STars) satellite in 2006. We have searched these data for
realistic limb-darkened transits from exoplanets other than the known hot
Jupiter, HD 189733b, with periods ranging from about 0.4 days to one week.
Monte Carlo statistical tests of the data with synthetic transits inserted into
the data-set allow us to rule out additional close-in exoplanets with sizes
ranging from about 0.15 - 0.31 RJ (Jupiter radii), or 1.7 - 3.5 RE (Earth
radii) on orbits whose planes are near that of HD 189733b. These null results
constrain theories that invoke lower-mass hot Super-Earth and hot Neptune
planets in orbits similar to HD 189733b due to the inward migration of this hot
Jupiter. This work also illustrates the feasibility of discovering smaller
transiting planets around chromospherically active stars.
| astro-ph | we have made a comprehensive transit search for exoplanets down to 15 2 earth radii in the hd 189733 system based on 21days of nearly uninterrupted broadband optical photometry obtained with the most microvariability oscillations of stars satellite in 2006 we have searched these data for realistic limbdarkened transits from exoplanets other than the known hot jupiter hd 189733b with periods ranging from about 04 days to one week monte carlo statistical tests of the data with synthetic transits inserted into the dataset allow us to rule out additional closein exoplanets with sizes ranging from about 015 031 rj jupiter radii or 17 35 re earth radii on orbits whose planes are near that of hd 189733b these null results constrain theories that invoke lowermass hot superearth and hot neptune planets in orbits similar to hd 189733b due to the inward migration of this hot jupiter this work also illustrates the feasibility of discovering smaller transiting planets around chromospherically active stars | [['we', 'have', 'made', 'a', 'comprehensive', 'transit', 'search', 'for', 'exoplanets', 'down', 'to', '15', '2', 'earth', 'radii', 'in', 'the', 'hd', '189733', 'system', 'based', 'on', '21days', 'of', 'nearly', 'uninterrupted', 'broadband', 'optical', 'photometry', 'obtained', 'with', 'the', 'most', 'microvariability', 'oscillations', 'of', 'stars', 'satellite', 'in', '2006', 'we', 'have', 'searched', 'these', 'data', 'for', 'realistic', 'limbdarkened', 'transits', 'from', 'exoplanets', 'other', 'than', 'the', 'known', 'hot', 'jupiter', 'hd', '189733b', 'with', 'periods', 'ranging', 'from', 'about', '04', 'days', 'to', 'one', 'week', 'monte', 'carlo', 'statistical', 'tests', 'of', 'the', 'data', 'with', 'synthetic', 'transits', 'inserted', 'into', 'the', 'dataset', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'rule', 'out', 'additional', 'closein', 'exoplanets', 'with', 'sizes', 'ranging', 'from', 'about', '015', '031', 'rj', 'jupiter', 'radii', 'or', '17', '35', 're', 'earth', 'radii', 'on', 'orbits', 'whose', 'planes', 'are', 'near', 'that', 'of', 'hd', '189733b', 'these', 'null', 'results', 'constrain', 'theories', 'that', 'invoke', 'lowermass', 'hot', 'superearth', 'and', 'hot', 'neptune', 'planets', 'in', 'orbits', 'similar', 'to', 'hd', '189733b', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'inward', 'migration', 'of', 'this', 'hot', 'jupiter', 'this', 'work', 'also', 'illustrates', 'the', 'feasibility', 'of', 'discovering', 'smaller', 'transiting', 'planets', 'around', 'chromospherically', 'active', 'stars']] | [-0.08174839922576212, 0.1622751303453697, -0.08060494782403112, 0.042876299638010096, -0.13777022040012527, -0.13650463299418333, 0.13109311404186882, 0.3458588552486617, -0.1129243251911248, -0.3946233780356124, 0.09460971687440178, -0.3671652049853947, -0.042440200679993725, 0.24328688330133447, -0.11457951553747989, 0.07052030354752788, 0.20083600238867802, -0.0863498584323679, -0.004619847220601514, -0.29103936238971073, 0.1964771365514025, 0.05172022626557009, -0.03283303110511042, -0.07072173739143181, -0.025148725234612358, -0.07626896491274238, -0.04778267635265365, -0.1240030360117089, -0.23680032298125298, 0.03767469416634413, 0.2147659847920295, 0.11304986435570755, 0.15669542715477291, -0.3683573053072905, -0.24247301287177833, 0.05965331761763082, 0.16839345501962272, -0.028616601618705318, -0.017206232379248832, -0.2963420042942744, 0.10653109861214034, -0.19131192465138155, -0.17945011365809477, 0.0030444683536188675, 0.12133490718988468, -0.04666095656284597, -0.26724392378819173, 0.07764177468907292, 0.022091904387343674, 0.26194838862866165, -0.179581225894799, -0.1985697675983829, -0.0710572543204762, 0.06133547314530006, 0.04835670260872575, -0.009527044047717936, 0.14427878520218657, 0.016363410658959764, -0.025450682381051592, 0.46033951891586183, -0.1233378235760938, 0.048104045799118464, 0.2835771659149032, -0.26136486963368954, -0.12993216437171212, 0.18980811718502083, 0.2012151286767221, 0.18100896777759773, -0.17744569836067967, -0.06890084932565514, -0.04591684033948695, 0.22120838272094262, 0.12499502351565753, 0.04942393758101389, 0.4696284097852185, 0.13098185428243597, 0.0722492902772501, 0.009940453870876808, -0.30695434678636957, -0.0826451929511677, -0.07314243303590047, -0.08087405146306992, -0.11721871646586805, 0.06956049384461949, -0.13781560083434669, -0.09291426842100918, 0.3345553024148103, 0.1973789711792051, 0.17752696526004003, 0.027660272840876132, 0.3486953955027275, 0.0188073233817704, 0.13369682846823708, 0.14245971449563513, 0.3457573864579899, 0.14671498257812346, 0.12064651864639017, -0.21849140226113378, 0.015375684389437084, -0.04564215747959679] |
709.1138 | Characterizing Heavy-Tailed Distributions Induced by Retransmissions | Consider a generic data unit of random size L that needs to be transmitted
over a channel of unit capacity. The channel availability dynamics is modeled
as an i.i.d. sequence {A, A_i},i>0 that is independent of L. During each period
of time that the channel becomes available, say A_i, we attempt to transmit the
data unit. If L<A_i, the transmission was considered successful; otherwise, we
wait for the next available period and attempt to retransmit the data from the
beginning. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the number of
retransmissions N and the total transmission time T until the data is
successfully transmitted. In the context of studying the completion times in
systems with failures where jobs restart from the beginning, it was shown that
this model results in power law and, in general, heavy-tailed delays. The main
objective of this paper is to uncover the detailed structure of this class of
heavy-tailed distributions induced by retransmissions. More precisely, we study
how the functional dependence between P[L>x] and P[A>x] impacts the
distributions of N and T. In particular, we discover several functional
criticality points that separate classes of different functional behavior of
the distribution of N. We also discuss the engineering implications of our
results on communication networks since retransmission strategy is a
fundamental component of the existing network protocols on all communication
layers, from the physical to the application one.
| math.PR | consider a generic data unit of random size l that needs to be transmitted over a channel of unit capacity the channel availability dynamics is modeled as an iid sequence a a_ii0 that is independent of l during each period of time that the channel becomes available say a_i we attempt to transmit the data unit if la_i the transmission was considered successful otherwise we wait for the next available period and attempt to retransmit the data from the beginning we investigate the asymptotic properties of the number of retransmissions n and the total transmission time t until the data is successfully transmitted in the context of studying the completion times in systems with failures where jobs restart from the beginning it was shown that this model results in power law and in general heavytailed delays the main objective of this paper is to uncover the detailed structure of this class of heavytailed distributions induced by retransmissions more precisely we study how the functional dependence between plx and pax impacts the distributions of n and t in particular we discover several functional criticality points that separate classes of different functional behavior of the distribution of n we also discuss the engineering implications of our results on communication networks since retransmission strategy is a fundamental component of the existing network protocols on all communication layers from the physical to the application one | [['consider', 'a', 'generic', 'data', 'unit', 'of', 'random', 'size', 'l', 'that', 'needs', 'to', 'be', 'transmitted', 'over', 'a', 'channel', 'of', 'unit', 'capacity', 'the', 'channel', 'availability', 'dynamics', 'is', 'modeled', 'as', 'an', 'iid', 'sequence', 'a', 'a_ii0', 'that', 'is', 'independent', 'of', 'l', 'during', 'each', 'period', 'of', 'time', 'that', 'the', 'channel', 'becomes', 'available', 'say', 'a_i', 'we', 'attempt', 'to', 'transmit', 'the', 'data', 'unit', 'if', 'la_i', 'the', 'transmission', 'was', 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709.1139 | Cosmic String Detection via Microlensing of Stars | Cosmic superstrings are produced towards the end of the brane inflation. If
the string tension is low enough, loops tend to be relatively long-lived. The
resultant string network is expected to contain many loops which are smaller
than typical Galactic scales. Cosmic expansion damps the center of mass motion
of the loops which then cluster like cold dark matter. Loops will lens stars
within the galaxy and local group. We explore microlensing of stars as a tool
to detect and to characterize some of the fundamental string and string network
properties, including the dimensionless string tension $G \mu/c^2$ and the
density of string loops within the Galaxy. As $G \mu \to 0$ the intrinsic
microlensing rate diverges as $1/\sqrt{G \mu}$ but experimental detection will
be limited by shortness of the lensing timescale and/or smallness of the
bending angle which each vary $\propto G \mu$. We find that detection is
feasible for a range of tensions. As an illustration, the planned optical
astrometric survey mission, Gaia, should be able to detect numerous
microlensing events for string networks with tensions $10^{-10} \simless G \mu
\simless 10^{-6}$. A null result for optical microlensing implies $G \mu
\simless 10^{-10}$. If lensing of a given source is observed it will repeat
because the internal motions of the loop are relativistic but the center of
mass motion may be much smaller, of order the halo velocity. This distinctive
hallmark $\sim 1000$ repetitions, suggests a useful method for confirmation of
a potential lensing detection.
| astro-ph gr-qc | cosmic superstrings are produced towards the end of the brane inflation if the string tension is low enough loops tend to be relatively longlived the resultant string network is expected to contain many loops which are smaller than typical galactic scales cosmic expansion damps the center of mass motion of the loops which then cluster like cold dark matter loops will lens stars within the galaxy and local group we explore microlensing of stars as a tool to detect and to characterize some of the fundamental string and string network properties including the dimensionless string tension g muc2 and the density of string loops within the galaxy as g mu to 0 the intrinsic microlensing rate diverges as 1sqrtg mu but experimental detection will be limited by shortness of the lensing timescale andor smallness of the bending angle which each vary propto g mu we find that detection is feasible for a range of tensions as an illustration the planned optical astrometric survey mission gaia should be able to detect numerous microlensing events for string networks with tensions 1010 simless g mu simless 106 a null result for optical microlensing implies g mu simless 1010 if lensing of a given source is observed it will repeat because the internal motions of the loop are relativistic but the center of mass motion may be much smaller of order the halo velocity this distinctive hallmark sim 1000 repetitions suggests a useful method for confirmation of a potential lensing detection | [['cosmic', 'superstrings', 'are', 'produced', 'towards', 'the', 'end', 'of', 'the', 'brane', 'inflation', 'if', 'the', 'string', 'tension', 'is', 'low', 'enough', 'loops', 'tend', 'to', 'be', 'relatively', 'longlived', 'the', 'resultant', 'string', 'network', 'is', 'expected', 'to', 'contain', 'many', 'loops', 'which', 'are', 'smaller', 'than', 'typical', 'galactic', 'scales', 'cosmic', 'expansion', 'damps', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'mass', 'motion', 'of', 'the', 'loops', 'which', 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709.114 | Interaction Correction of Conductivity Near a Ferromagnetic Quantum
Critical Point | We calculate the temperature dependence of conductivity due to interaction
correction for a disordered itinerant electron system close to a ferromagnetic
quantum critical point which occurs due to a spin density wave instability. In
the quantum critical regime, the crossover between diffusive and ballistic
transport occurs at a temperature $T^{\ast}=1/[\tau \gamma (E_{F}\tau)^{2}]$,
where $\gamma$ is the parameter associated with the Landau damping of the spin
fluctuations, $\tau$ is the impurity scattering time, and $E_{F}$ is the Fermi
energy. For a generic choice of parameters, $T^{\ast}$ is few orders of
magnitude smaller than the usual crossover scale $1/\tau$. In the ballistic
quantum critical regime, the conductivity has a $T^{(d-1)/3}$ temperature
dependence, where $d$ is the dimensionality of the system. In the diffusive
quantum critical regime we get $T^{1/4}$ dependence in three dimensions, and
$\ln^2 T$ dependence in two dimensions. Away from the quantum critical regime
we recover the standard results for a good metal.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.dis-nn | we calculate the temperature dependence of conductivity due to interaction correction for a disordered itinerant electron system close to a ferromagnetic quantum critical point which occurs due to a spin density wave instability in the quantum critical regime the crossover between diffusive and ballistic transport occurs at a temperature tast1tau gamma e_ftau2 where gamma is the parameter associated with the landau damping of the spin fluctuations tau is the impurity scattering time and e_f is the fermi energy for a generic choice of parameters tast is few orders of magnitude smaller than the usual crossover scale 1tau in the ballistic quantum critical regime the conductivity has a td13 temperature dependence where d is the dimensionality of the system in the diffusive quantum critical regime we get t14 dependence in three dimensions and ln2 t dependence in two dimensions away from the quantum critical regime we recover the standard results for a good metal | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'of', 'conductivity', 'due', 'to', 'interaction', 'correction', 'for', 'a', 'disordered', 'itinerant', 'electron', 'system', 'close', 'to', 'a', 'ferromagnetic', 'quantum', 'critical', 'point', 'which', 'occurs', 'due', 'to', 'a', 'spin', 'density', 'wave', 'instability', 'in', 'the', 'quantum', 'critical', 'regime', 'the', 'crossover', 'between', 'diffusive', 'and', 'ballistic', 'transport', 'occurs', 'at', 'a', 'temperature', 'tast1tau', 'gamma', 'e_ftau2', 'where', 'gamma', 'is', 'the', 'parameter', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'landau', 'damping', 'of', 'the', 'spin', 'fluctuations', 'tau', 'is', 'the', 'impurity', 'scattering', 'time', 'and', 'e_f', 'is', 'the', 'fermi', 'energy', 'for', 'a', 'generic', 'choice', 'of', 'parameters', 'tast', 'is', 'few', 'orders', 'of', 'magnitude', 'smaller', 'than', 'the', 'usual', 'crossover', 'scale', '1tau', 'in', 'the', 'ballistic', 'quantum', 'critical', 'regime', 'the', 'conductivity', 'has', 'a', 'td13', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'where', 'd', 'is', 'the', 'dimensionality', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'in', 'the', 'diffusive', 'quantum', 'critical', 'regime', 'we', 'get', 't14', 'dependence', 'in', 'three', 'dimensions', 'and', 'ln2', 't', 'dependence', 'in', 'two', 'dimensions', 'away', 'from', 'the', 'quantum', 'critical', 'regime', 'we', 'recover', 'the', 'standard', 'results', 'for', 'a', 'good', 'metal']] | [-0.17978724640483656, 0.26766467015258966, -0.06592217928109069, 0.051797229480774455, 0.0028310783766210077, -0.18229816674410054, 0.07903421617578715, 0.2724301734007895, -0.2824952976219356, -0.22810745210076372, 0.0140440483589191, -0.3565258394430081, -0.08608837685237328, 0.20107709807654223, 0.0697561085720857, 0.048327556407699986, -0.05871380823819588, 0.04016373528478046, -0.12356666886170084, -0.17275025649617115, 0.3231340590212494, 0.03405751476374765, 0.3035143858008087, 0.1138249275367707, 0.04922305468605676, -0.001853951724867026, 0.1301782015307496, 0.024359476116175453, -0.19127806615084408, -0.03990770782188823, 0.2362629785516765, -0.1298761160671711, 0.22653982679049173, -0.3700276197120547, -0.21778377439128235, 0.04633219037204981, 0.15833175556734205, 0.13649942049834257, 0.00010028401389718056, -0.21276916617217162, 0.009219616755532721, -0.13913561882606398, -0.1480449776134143, -0.029225780563428998, 0.05633702204562724, -0.05561255966002743, -0.2821878774836659, 0.17480670461431147, 0.06709856467321515, 0.04742982548351089, -0.026181966746225954, -0.07930847932429363, 0.007909618707684179, 0.08656076888553799, 0.06812975712275754, 0.07326787049882114, 0.18393647542844216, -0.1660098877424995, -0.06594305669345582, 0.3710565525417527, -0.07611185611118951, -0.12257095313320557, 0.2032607785798609, -0.2457800481406351, -0.0482886588294059, 0.1936345924002429, 0.11254919386468827, 0.06446772005641833, -0.09123763693030923, 0.15657047710575475, 0.036066430856493144, 0.16108892032507963, 0.036004427646597226, 0.06669512970373034, 0.19605157491440575, 0.2214187378498415, 0.06317719175790747, 0.12154107956099323, -0.15865938766975887, -0.11945617489827176, -0.28090660816679397, -0.14206792341545224, -0.23460905747488142, 0.10931370517578519, -0.14163854062993778, -0.16831039089694969, 0.3906834677280858, 0.1844943941757083, 0.23688827658692996, 0.010521721149949977, 0.24947150317331154, 0.2178710012572507, 0.027272187809770306, 0.09263595055167874, 0.2423664472438395, 0.1395342733648916, 0.12785551143499713, -0.3083249162308251, 0.04155939363408834, 0.04534547651341806] |
709.1141 | Explicit Rational Solution of the KZ Equation (example) | We investigate the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov linear differential system. The
coefficients of this system are rational functions. We have proved that the
solution of the KZ system is rational when k is equal to two and n is equal to
three (see [5]) . In this paper, we construct the corresponding solution in the
explicit form.
| math.CA math-ph math.MP | we investigate the knizhnikzamolodchikov linear differential system the coefficients of this system are rational functions we have proved that the solution of the kz system is rational when k is equal to two and n is equal to three see 5 in this paper we construct the corresponding solution in the explicit form | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'knizhnikzamolodchikov', 'linear', 'differential', 'system', 'the', 'coefficients', 'of', 'this', 'system', 'are', 'rational', 'functions', 'we', 'have', 'proved', 'that', 'the', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'kz', 'system', 'is', 'rational', 'when', 'k', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'two', 'and', 'n', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'three', 'see', '5', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'construct', 'the', 'corresponding', 'solution', 'in', 'the', 'explicit', 'form']] | [-0.20877588083440402, 0.02944970461935297, -0.07864301238771317, 0.03469465825188343, -0.037862823617135014, -0.14884147863343078, -0.03515529359980785, 0.3099954407310711, -0.29775418130294334, -0.2377050960401319, 0.10733525920220001, -0.32081487438342765, -0.20490593460985934, 0.16632672849128832, -0.0380147211956528, 0.05815092149137888, -0.022155714093900797, 0.08731607675007633, -0.09481434314511716, -0.3102370723906272, 0.3957224035951889, -0.06810205262857226, 0.20149437571823034, -0.002364243767312113, 0.14424856935785907, -0.05336892296876407, -0.011979283457446211, -0.024096935627243993, -0.17114094191932072, 0.11415208737313184, 0.26660345304968225, 0.0841762208081079, 0.24433936502011316, -0.38792549576258883, -0.08404551370877703, 0.1532490297730239, 0.1587379659912637, 0.0966496108767559, 0.041252067699184956, -0.15627858397673886, 0.16051382696220898, -0.1779099572801365, -0.16980083520471487, -0.049899073458223975, 0.062253215692867084, 0.043560193324426434, -0.27399296267836726, 0.011586865691362688, 0.08212749652986256, 0.05913528028594436, -0.09521012646936865, -0.11590922031911828, 0.015249633871651482, 0.10958672473745262, 0.010614960634518625, 0.02820114301131019, 0.019327608622469992, -0.08738329540059533, -0.06275387150499057, 0.3550429826180609, -0.07175274241170934, -0.28679141932922714, 0.14565027832000885, -0.18860067288338575, -0.09696272587104929, 0.11553801158618815, 0.15543193925382956, 0.13422223608413675, -0.14627182497428773, 0.14346441229308937, -0.11486171460095441, 0.16448508551836294, 0.07840123160232632, -0.021643046353381337, 0.12135273608256061, 0.07325499488550397, 0.07765995210721949, 0.16874109862266845, 0.0015415447447800412, -0.07959606114528933, -0.3167270967420542, -0.22100228988477644, -0.13526019360870123, 0.08859802636686924, -0.057842566938971975, -0.11970644033039515, 0.36873515710709087, 0.1300190260176951, 0.19467117482761168, 0.08747235998370738, 0.2297002138253653, 0.24584978477994227, -0.014414324117648715, 0.06189679254268138, 0.22932216988981896, 0.11414964896855208, 0.06004997620464496, -0.21764786962314314, 0.007730310870650804, 0.13150500829489725] |
709.1142 | Quantum expanders from any classical Cayley graph expander | We give a simple recipe for translating walks on Cayley graphs of a group G
into a quantum operation on any irrep of G. Most properties of the classical
walk carry over to the quantum operation: degree becomes the number of Kraus
operators, the spectral gap becomes the gap of the quantum operation (viewed as
a linear map on density matrices), and the quantum operation is efficient
whenever the classical walk and the quantum Fourier transform on G are
efficient. This means that using classical constant-degree constant-gap
families of Cayley expander graphs on e.g. the symmetric group, we can
construct efficient families of quantum expanders.
| quant-ph | we give a simple recipe for translating walks on cayley graphs of a group g into a quantum operation on any irrep of g most properties of the classical walk carry over to the quantum operation degree becomes the number of kraus operators the spectral gap becomes the gap of the quantum operation viewed as a linear map on density matrices and the quantum operation is efficient whenever the classical walk and the quantum fourier transform on g are efficient this means that using classical constantdegree constantgap families of cayley expander graphs on eg the symmetric group we can construct efficient families of quantum expanders | [['we', 'give', 'a', 'simple', 'recipe', 'for', 'translating', 'walks', 'on', 'cayley', 'graphs', 'of', 'a', 'group', 'g', 'into', 'a', 'quantum', 'operation', 'on', 'any', 'irrep', 'of', 'g', 'most', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'walk', 'carry', 'over', 'to', 'the', 'quantum', 'operation', 'degree', 'becomes', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'kraus', 'operators', 'the', 'spectral', 'gap', 'becomes', 'the', 'gap', 'of', 'the', 'quantum', 'operation', 'viewed', 'as', 'a', 'linear', 'map', 'on', 'density', 'matrices', 'and', 'the', 'quantum', 'operation', 'is', 'efficient', 'whenever', 'the', 'classical', 'walk', 'and', 'the', 'quantum', 'fourier', 'transform', 'on', 'g', 'are', 'efficient', 'this', 'means', 'that', 'using', 'classical', 'constantdegree', 'constantgap', 'families', 'of', 'cayley', 'expander', 'graphs', 'on', 'eg', 'the', 'symmetric', 'group', 'we', 'can', 'construct', 'efficient', 'families', 'of', 'quantum', 'expanders']] | [-0.1901098403539176, 0.1625369769676278, -0.12138323359014024, 0.03885462346176306, -0.0784044755201432, -0.1475021837367898, 0.06304745022650986, 0.40643294442977224, -0.2769614710749704, -0.23316874160830464, 0.13327252919719154, -0.247095819819896, -0.15312725049221798, 0.24613158389748563, -0.06756863598490045, 0.06568922599711056, 0.07408938956934781, 0.09476723455923743, -0.09008745792144467, -0.23938604297027702, 0.3008872018328735, 0.011815172347373197, 0.23328138355254419, 0.002703879543003582, 0.10098880322738772, 0.06142156268691733, 0.010619477195931332, -0.022879526098924022, -0.12384479177839933, 0.12451828036102511, 0.24454312401025424, 0.08862007734853597, 0.2243131388156187, -0.3970152453120266, -0.20406856604718737, 0.16630160307866476, 0.09625972370059961, 0.09848994011325496, -0.03675371786424269, -0.2605414610001303, 0.07515816841097105, -0.1474443602942518, -0.07502180198650985, -0.07258421661598342, 0.04057148341532974, -0.025274928153625555, -0.23903498924115585, 0.0017881988902531919, 0.12217117025561276, 0.059763398830823246, 0.10144432041062308, -0.10968627494183325, 0.027239874209321682, 0.11711798195416728, -0.15145196278934323, -0.02558313924819231, 0.10976156425174503, -0.0836764471405851, -0.17982322863037034, 0.38595913954611333, -0.04069202524565515, -0.18977587796038106, 0.1288011141476177, -0.10733320164893355, -0.13984456196471695, 0.06670375057895268, 0.1378072834884127, 0.15123071715546152, -0.05149174243034352, 0.17553511759421478, -0.07900026889096591, 0.12242013740109368, 0.0672354131803981, 0.06577909446676217, 0.15456769438016982, 0.08508493575888375, 0.17628725975574483, 0.2072587560862303, 0.019452965153115138, -0.12090410093022953, -0.29123373424323895, -0.17458073394816545, -0.2555473230069592, 0.15839982336120947, -0.16146833504455918, -0.2424293252417729, 0.46284718964958477, 0.0670776896184266, 0.16634873377514028, 0.1108394266150537, 0.23769556295481467, 0.13090174064494758, 0.05878100289209258, 0.1294939925495003, 0.10456217522954657, 0.2441557794277157, -0.023464062012776378, -0.17283575091777104, -0.00450155742222532, 0.17590403692752477] |
709.1143 | Dynamics of femtosecond magnetization reversal induced by circularly
polarized light in the presence of fluctuations and dissipation | Magnetization reversal by a femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulse has
been recently demonstrated in rare-earth doped transition metals (RE-TM). The
switching mechanism has been attributed to an inverse Faraday effect and
thermal effects. Based on the parameters provided in the experimental work, we
show that this claim is unlikely to give rise to femtosecond reversal. Using a
hybrid itinerant-localized picture of the RE-TM system, we propose
a new mechanism that requires the presence of the rare earth element to
reduce the symmetry of the system as well as
a strong enhancement of spin-orbit coupling between the d electrons and the f
moments in the presence of the laser. Our model does not require
the heating close to the Curie temperature of the sample.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | magnetization reversal by a femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulse has been recently demonstrated in rareearth doped transition metals retm the switching mechanism has been attributed to an inverse faraday effect and thermal effects based on the parameters provided in the experimental work we show that this claim is unlikely to give rise to femtosecond reversal using a hybrid itinerantlocalized picture of the retm system we propose a new mechanism that requires the presence of the rare earth element to reduce the symmetry of the system as well as a strong enhancement of spinorbit coupling between the d electrons and the f moments in the presence of the laser our model does not require the heating close to the curie temperature of the sample | [['magnetization', 'reversal', 'by', 'a', 'femtosecond', 'circularly', 'polarized', 'laser', 'pulse', 'has', 'been', 'recently', 'demonstrated', 'in', 'rareearth', 'doped', 'transition', 'metals', 'retm', 'the', 'switching', 'mechanism', 'has', 'been', 'attributed', 'to', 'an', 'inverse', 'faraday', 'effect', 'and', 'thermal', 'effects', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'parameters', 'provided', 'in', 'the', 'experimental', 'work', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'this', 'claim', 'is', 'unlikely', 'to', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'femtosecond', 'reversal', 'using', 'a', 'hybrid', 'itinerantlocalized', 'picture', 'of', 'the', 'retm', 'system', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'new', 'mechanism', 'that', 'requires', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'the', 'rare', 'earth', 'element', 'to', 'reduce', 'the', 'symmetry', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'a', 'strong', 'enhancement', 'of', 'spinorbit', 'coupling', 'between', 'the', 'd', 'electrons', 'and', 'the', 'f', 'moments', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'the', 'laser', 'our', 'model', 'does', 'not', 'require', 'the', 'heating', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'curie', 'temperature', 'of', 'the', 'sample']] | [-0.13240655276136912, 0.17198082726418962, -0.06897614493481512, 0.012575684739248373, -0.0675341528423918, -0.10675051311651866, 0.07076162593136352, 0.4156673387662182, -0.25155867591909153, -0.30976397394225363, 0.009386004089771551, -0.27522732774969344, -0.10822395728976746, 0.19382552919735208, 0.0013484762814955982, 0.015733093311025844, -0.04272411430512017, -0.03090519832477458, -0.061930815974152, -0.1773976479918219, 0.2594933279267535, 0.09271117627650984, 0.31730086826984355, 0.10043999323208733, 0.09422148736449322, -0.02570189251607034, 0.08510820967395132, -0.017101977894090237, -0.07125901294613306, 0.040671610894302525, 0.18027887254294644, -0.01928088000816543, 0.22962840611675406, -0.45926784058791215, -0.23633601112722805, 0.06790432968835641, 0.12200674623992991, 0.1558585948712094, -0.12866441730307643, -0.274788049257898, 0.0418212056553703, -0.14974717167395402, -0.11767144094986039, -0.0817565668177435, 0.031383990438851886, -0.00045697729489425334, -0.30445555743299485, 0.04277553190515051, 0.1166792327085722, 0.0784153988418298, -0.04584044106380363, -0.06914665516488618, -0.04673184820912718, 0.03425382103816402, 0.09088907663509764, 0.05521922759575451, 0.12760637041533412, -0.061514479714366264, -0.1199106981682523, 0.39179436906384746, -0.09821978751929643, -0.08544276125456501, 0.16423324632412958, -0.19372515660157896, -0.06452708905638475, 0.16076039136728135, 0.15951750738114664, 0.15767983787473502, -0.12328016310854535, 0.071822792729855, -0.025902656633861182, 0.20787068724639834, 0.00898425134156293, 0.06194911254342736, 0.23340831951965102, 0.20217233610044166, 0.024275659617581744, 0.160622157391191, -0.12333586107186095, -0.031969070674972684, -0.24075577535280368, -0.1349770239425626, -0.20656242109532277, 0.07310387998929614, -0.015479748882873862, -0.1513793828208151, 0.3877823383819948, 0.18431832396796322, 0.1665906720242001, -0.06701069392691691, 0.28039352520467425, 0.13389867018980195, 0.08995472413025857, 0.020561287330550602, 0.3037828736582665, 0.15867671714452042, 0.1078243797164168, -0.3319625590125296, 0.12357358741233261, 0.013598206590262915] |
709.1144 | Cosmic Microwave Background Statistics for a Direction-Dependent
Primordial Power Spectrum | Statistical isotropy of primordial perturbations is a common assumption in
cosmology, but it is an assumption that should be tested. To this end, we
develop cosmic microwave background statistics for a primordial power spectrum
that depends on the direction, as well as the magnitude, of the Fourier
wavevector. We first consider a simple estimator that searches in a
model-independent way for anisotropy in the square of the temperature (and/or
polarization) fluctuation. We then construct the minimum-variance estimators
for the coefficients of a spherical-harmonic expansion of the
direction-dependence of the primordial power spectrum. To illustrate, we apply
these statistics to an inflation model with a quadrupole dependence of the
primordial power spectrum on direction and find that a power quadrupole as
small as 2.0% can be detected with the Planck satellite.
| astro-ph | statistical isotropy of primordial perturbations is a common assumption in cosmology but it is an assumption that should be tested to this end we develop cosmic microwave background statistics for a primordial power spectrum that depends on the direction as well as the magnitude of the fourier wavevector we first consider a simple estimator that searches in a modelindependent way for anisotropy in the square of the temperature andor polarization fluctuation we then construct the minimumvariance estimators for the coefficients of a sphericalharmonic expansion of the directiondependence of the primordial power spectrum to illustrate we apply these statistics to an inflation model with a quadrupole dependence of the primordial power spectrum on direction and find that a power quadrupole as small as 20 can be detected with the planck satellite | [['statistical', 'isotropy', 'of', 'primordial', 'perturbations', 'is', 'a', 'common', 'assumption', 'in', 'cosmology', 'but', 'it', 'is', 'an', 'assumption', 'that', 'should', 'be', 'tested', 'to', 'this', 'end', 'we', 'develop', 'cosmic', 'microwave', 'background', 'statistics', 'for', 'a', 'primordial', 'power', 'spectrum', 'that', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'direction', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'the', 'fourier', 'wavevector', 'we', 'first', 'consider', 'a', 'simple', 'estimator', 'that', 'searches', 'in', 'a', 'modelindependent', 'way', 'for', 'anisotropy', 'in', 'the', 'square', 'of', 'the', 'temperature', 'andor', 'polarization', 'fluctuation', 'we', 'then', 'construct', 'the', 'minimumvariance', 'estimators', 'for', 'the', 'coefficients', 'of', 'a', 'sphericalharmonic', 'expansion', 'of', 'the', 'directiondependence', 'of', 'the', 'primordial', 'power', 'spectrum', 'to', 'illustrate', 'we', 'apply', 'these', 'statistics', 'to', 'an', 'inflation', 'model', 'with', 'a', 'quadrupole', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'primordial', 'power', 'spectrum', 'on', 'direction', 'and', 'find', 'that', 'a', 'power', 'quadrupole', 'as', 'small', 'as', '20', 'can', 'be', 'detected', 'with', 'the', 'planck', 'satellite']] | [-0.12305661921138661, 0.13656352015700227, -0.12774263926996635, 0.07691615073171516, -0.08369320447628315, -0.06066452589674065, -0.04007932842136003, 0.3262085625471977, -0.25941207090464347, -0.28549172283293534, 0.0908991232021855, -0.2773475269643733, -0.09706991782161192, 0.21873349271392306, 0.0010721008042589976, 0.012709461513441055, -0.020084825358711755, 0.04265583968327309, -0.04298612259400005, -0.219694395420643, 0.3058353342187519, 0.16918069071924458, 0.27501350621191356, -0.003461554734251247, 0.06518383015377018, -0.04234857110378261, -0.02396925941038017, 0.03553878084863894, -0.128048264422642, 0.07836418316448823, 0.1809334663856694, 0.12907569197436364, 0.2115652172966153, -0.3714846485598873, -0.220614309859677, 0.14612718428341814, 0.14129884996129058, 0.13223900981247425, -0.05560635721060232, -0.2079194327386526, 0.08517006339254574, -0.1932311687618494, -0.1260056993127084, -0.09575865369003553, -0.010302450866080247, 0.01371366430987389, -0.30786166635986706, 0.13395285261078524, 0.05050985062799345, 0.03786188748020392, -0.05500568809310118, -0.08943409531090696, -0.001729893689760222, 0.054287796180981854, 0.0766645586458393, 0.0035778668601638996, 0.14930414845450565, -0.10251415883584951, -0.07723892992989231, 0.3925095557450102, -0.1578579470855542, -0.1583091928408696, 0.06800496604723426, -0.20650830752073, -0.1861703882710292, 0.05281457985894611, 0.18430667266679499, 0.0683129075019119, -0.13213497946898525, 0.11020379595843574, 0.013600031959895904, 0.22241799430921674, 0.07909878071110982, 0.021640015171410946, 0.290022117121575, 0.10013530030130194, 0.1041497660191873, 0.13178548596691914, -0.1477365400427236, 0.013593160564330622, -0.3158233929022502, -0.08571665220213337, -0.23678569640391148, 0.07028652358656892, -0.13252323120104847, -0.20004463593403882, 0.4370251358128511, 0.14820836445388313, 0.2304766468058985, 0.07128438122140673, 0.35226677088783337, 0.14055008351301346, 0.024149248877970073, 0.05281397441151337, 0.30427866057994274, 0.1465844389767601, 0.07640298125692285, -0.19401917413880046, 0.017182779029155007, -0.005484294645989743] |
709.1145 | Precise radial velocities of giant stars. III. Spectroscopic stellar
parameters | Context: A radial velocity survey of about 380 G and K giant stars is ongoing
at Lick observatory. For each star we have a high signal to noise ratio
template spectrum, which we use to determine spectroscopic stellar parameters.
Aim: The aim of this paper is to present spectroscopic stellar parameters, i.e.
effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity and rotational velocity for
our sample of G and K giant stars. Methods: Effective temperatures, surface
gravities and metallicities are determined from the equivalent width of iron
lines. Rotational velocities are determined from the full width at half maximum
(FWHM) of moderate spectral lines. A calibration between the FWHM and total
broadening (rotational velocity and macro turbulence) is obtained from stars in
common between our sample and the sample from Gray (1989). Results: The
metallicity we derive is essentially equal to the literature values, while the
effective temperature and surface gravity are slightly higher by 56 K and 0.15
dex, respectively. Our rotational velocities are comparable with the ones
obtained by Gray (1989), but somewhat higher than the ones obtained by de
Medeiros & Mayor (1999), consistent with the different diagnostics used.
Conclusions: We are able to determine spectroscopic stellar parameters for
about 380 G and K giant stars in a uniform way (112 stars are being analysed
spectroscopically for the first time). For stars available in the literature,
we find reasonable agreement between literature values and values determined in
the present work. In addition, we show that the metallicity enhancement of
companion hosting stars might also be valid for giant stars, with the
planet-hosting giants being 0.13 +/- 0.03 dex (i.e. 35 +/- 10%) more metal-rich
than our total sample of stars.
| astro-ph | context a radial velocity survey of about 380 g and k giant stars is ongoing at lick observatory for each star we have a high signal to noise ratio template spectrum which we use to determine spectroscopic stellar parameters aim the aim of this paper is to present spectroscopic stellar parameters ie effective temperature surface gravity metallicity and rotational velocity for our sample of g and k giant stars methods effective temperatures surface gravities and metallicities are determined from the equivalent width of iron lines rotational velocities are determined from the full width at half maximum fwhm of moderate spectral lines a calibration between the fwhm and total broadening rotational velocity and macro turbulence is obtained from stars in common between our sample and the sample from gray 1989 results the metallicity we derive is essentially equal to the literature values while the effective temperature and surface gravity are slightly higher by 56 k and 015 dex respectively our rotational velocities are comparable with the ones obtained by gray 1989 but somewhat higher than the ones obtained by de medeiros mayor 1999 consistent with the different diagnostics used conclusions we are able to determine spectroscopic stellar parameters for about 380 g and k giant stars in a uniform way 112 stars are being analysed spectroscopically for the first time for stars available in the literature we find reasonable agreement between literature values and values determined in the present work in addition we show that the metallicity enhancement of companion hosting stars might also be valid for giant stars with the planethosting giants being 013 003 dex ie 35 10 more metalrich than our total sample of stars | [['context', 'a', 'radial', 'velocity', 'survey', 'of', 'about', '380', 'g', 'and', 'k', 'giant', 'stars', 'is', 'ongoing', 'at', 'lick', 'observatory', 'for', 'each', 'star', 'we', 'have', 'a', 'high', 'signal', 'to', 'noise', 'ratio', 'template', 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709.1146 | The influence of polaron size on the conductivity of poly-DNA | The velocity of polaron migration in the long poly-DNA chain (~40 base pairs)
in an applied electric field has been studied within a polaron model. We found
that the polaron velocity strongly depends on the polaron size. A small polaron
shows a slow propagation and strong tolerance to the electric field, while a
large polaron is much faster and less stable with increasing electric field.
Moreover, the conductance of the DNA molecule within the polaron model is found
to be sensitive to structural disorders in the DNA geometry, but that
dependence diminishes with increasing temperature.
| cond-mat.soft | the velocity of polaron migration in the long polydna chain 40 base pairs in an applied electric field has been studied within a polaron model we found that the polaron velocity strongly depends on the polaron size a small polaron shows a slow propagation and strong tolerance to the electric field while a large polaron is much faster and less stable with increasing electric field moreover the conductance of the dna molecule within the polaron model is found to be sensitive to structural disorders in the dna geometry but that dependence diminishes with increasing temperature | [['the', 'velocity', 'of', 'polaron', 'migration', 'in', 'the', 'long', 'polydna', 'chain', '40', 'base', 'pairs', 'in', 'an', 'applied', 'electric', 'field', 'has', 'been', 'studied', 'within', 'a', 'polaron', 'model', 'we', 'found', 'that', 'the', 'polaron', 'velocity', 'strongly', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'polaron', 'size', 'a', 'small', 'polaron', 'shows', 'a', 'slow', 'propagation', 'and', 'strong', 'tolerance', 'to', 'the', 'electric', 'field', 'while', 'a', 'large', 'polaron', 'is', 'much', 'faster', 'and', 'less', 'stable', 'with', 'increasing', 'electric', 'field', 'moreover', 'the', 'conductance', 'of', 'the', 'dna', 'molecule', 'within', 'the', 'polaron', 'model', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'sensitive', 'to', 'structural', 'disorders', 'in', 'the', 'dna', 'geometry', 'but', 'that', 'dependence', 'diminishes', 'with', 'increasing', 'temperature']] | [-0.15983103293717463, 0.20653102461368147, -0.039971732138160694, 0.07077547007468232, -0.0335997921077812, -0.15510373981298006, 0.059356539165898364, 0.39626415648517455, -0.2624314134306413, -0.25618757022188066, -0.007279997170120081, -0.23500853820525586, -0.08083888933686738, 0.16215947095522695, -0.0009175972626643612, -0.02099429011008048, 0.04184424772145266, 0.07854641358209576, -0.02467907235482113, -0.22005082447666358, 0.22836167720750847, 0.09619715298678319, 0.32547498597426616, 0.13888961322447088, 0.05333195203677454, 0.009001071257714896, 0.09844429551207638, 0.09056480480556159, -0.13393103653900054, 0.07674100039962758, 0.2052873324830719, -0.02316837951768824, 0.2840395801244898, -0.4246766996431224, -0.20438676654420634, 0.02449117246718007, 0.19901340541261386, 0.22128332303737866, -0.06585658097034691, -0.2558836093930369, 0.06895695854612488, -0.1695418658844651, -0.11726892357964584, -0.039592666477163106, 0.10704671458138074, 0.0739827715547785, -0.2282560893255187, 0.11478757590644974, 0.017376703834359315, 0.08419800392213336, -0.1041372270358013, -0.09454662004049788, -0.05026927038759706, 0.054151056349237864, 0.12946302225030562, 0.1053437149112529, 0.20500049043070287, -0.15414526987761418, -0.00815124946468054, 0.37346289162226814, -0.11547471304483553, -0.15512898307234207, 0.19410333512945377, -0.18542871313718237, -0.03630738061396999, 0.21963074000829713, 0.11050333833678606, 0.11842772844643827, -0.14283058399017504, 0.09150979241499915, 0.025634061847318042, 0.2492151629536393, 0.03754284817408374, 0.0261487877343167, 0.20628365811376653, 0.2172385099928509, 0.08169193828399195, 0.15416563143383988, -0.12885571177801156, -0.1362428956050822, -0.16210736240200857, -0.13355188127334647, -0.2097449183409558, 0.05602738058858333, -0.08108575348315038, -0.21418994624524357, 0.41780527678635365, 0.12628100170015502, 0.22153511584954375, -0.00849284705250187, 0.22934918603339688, 0.14365905456918668, 0.1619925420443983, 0.054386830096073605, 0.24621888417552443, 0.16654317925109507, 0.09987623366140859, -0.33667614589385847, 0.07668965709138106, -0.012819557834634596] |
709.1147 | Physical interpretation of the near-infrared colours of low redshift
galaxies | We use empirical techniques to interpret the near-infrared colours of a
sample of 5800 galaxies drawn from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main
spectroscopic sample with YJHK photometry from the UK Infrared Deep Sky Survey
(UKIDSS) data release one. We study correlations between near-IR colours
measured within SDSS fibre and physical parameters derived from the spectra.
These parameters include specific star formation rate, stellar age, metallicity
and dust attenuation. All correlations are analyzed for samples of galaxies
that are closely matched in redshift, in stellar mass and in concentration
index. Whereas more strongly star-forming galaxies have bluer optical colours,
the opposite is true at near-IR wavelengths -- galaxies with higher specific
star formation rate have redder near-IR colours. This result agrees
qualitatively with the predictions of models in which Thermally Pulsing
Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-AGB) stars dominate the H and K-band light of a
galaxy following a burst of star formation. We also find a surprisingly strong
correlation between the near-IR colours of star-forming galaxies and their dust
attenuation as measured from the Balmer decrement. Unlike optical colours,
however, near-IR colours exhibit very little dependence on galaxy inclination.
This suggests that the correlation of near-IR colours with dust attenuation
arises because TP-AGB stars are the main source of dust in the galaxy. Finally,
we compare the near-IR colours of the galaxies in our sample to the predictions
of three different stellar population models: the Bruzual & Charlot 2003 model,
a preliminary version of a new model under development by Charlot & Bruzual,
which includes a new prescription for AGB star evolution, and the Maraston 2005
model.
| astro-ph | we use empirical techniques to interpret the nearinfrared colours of a sample of 5800 galaxies drawn from sloan digital sky survey sdss main spectroscopic sample with yjhk photometry from the uk infrared deep sky survey ukidss data release one we study correlations between nearir colours measured within sdss fibre and physical parameters derived from the spectra these parameters include specific star formation rate stellar age metallicity and dust attenuation all correlations are analyzed for samples of galaxies that are closely matched in redshift in stellar mass and in concentration index whereas more strongly starforming galaxies have bluer optical colours the opposite is true at nearir wavelengths galaxies with higher specific star formation rate have redder nearir colours this result agrees qualitatively with the predictions of models in which thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch tpagb stars dominate the h and kband light of a galaxy following a burst of star formation we also find a surprisingly strong correlation between the nearir colours of starforming galaxies and their dust attenuation as measured from the balmer decrement unlike optical colours however nearir colours exhibit very little dependence on galaxy inclination this suggests that the correlation of nearir colours with dust attenuation arises because tpagb stars are the main source of dust in the galaxy finally we compare the nearir colours of the galaxies in our sample to the predictions of three different stellar population models the bruzual charlot 2003 model a preliminary version of a new model under development by charlot bruzual which includes a new prescription for agb star evolution and the maraston 2005 model | [['we', 'use', 'empirical', 'techniques', 'to', 'interpret', 'the', 'nearinfrared', 'colours', 'of', 'a', 'sample', 'of', '5800', 'galaxies', 'drawn', 'from', 'sloan', 'digital', 'sky', 'survey', 'sdss', 'main', 'spectroscopic', 'sample', 'with', 'yjhk', 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709.1148 | Surface tank-treading: propulsion of Purcell's toroidal swimmer | In this work we address the "smoking ring" propulsion technique, originally
proposed by E. M. Purcell. We first consider self-locomotion of a
doughnut-shaped swimmer powered by surface tank-treading. Different modes of
surface motion are assumed and propulsion velocity and swimming efficiency are
determined. The swimmer is propelled against the direction of its outer surface
motion, the inner surface having very little affect. The simplest swimming mode
corresponding to constant angular velocity, can achieve propulsion speeds of up
to 66% of the surface tank-treading velocity and swimming efficiency of up to
13%. Higher efficiency is possible for more complicated modes powered by
twirling of extensible surface. A potential practical design of a swimmer
motivated by Purcell's idea is proposed and demonstrated numerically. Lastly,
the explicit solution is found for a two-dimensional swimmer composed of two
counter-rotating disks, using complex variable techniques.
| physics.flu-dyn physics.bio-ph | in this work we address the smoking ring propulsion technique originally proposed by e m purcell we first consider selflocomotion of a doughnutshaped swimmer powered by surface tanktreading different modes of surface motion are assumed and propulsion velocity and swimming efficiency are determined the swimmer is propelled against the direction of its outer surface motion the inner surface having very little affect the simplest swimming mode corresponding to constant angular velocity can achieve propulsion speeds of up to 66 of the surface tanktreading velocity and swimming efficiency of up to 13 higher efficiency is possible for more complicated modes powered by twirling of extensible surface a potential practical design of a swimmer motivated by purcells idea is proposed and demonstrated numerically lastly the explicit solution is found for a twodimensional swimmer composed of two counterrotating disks using complex variable techniques | [['in', 'this', 'work', 'we', 'address', 'the', 'smoking', 'ring', 'propulsion', 'technique', 'originally', 'proposed', 'by', 'e', 'm', 'purcell', 'we', 'first', 'consider', 'selflocomotion', 'of', 'a', 'doughnutshaped', 'swimmer', 'powered', 'by', 'surface', 'tanktreading', 'different', 'modes', 'of', 'surface', 'motion', 'are', 'assumed', 'and', 'propulsion', 'velocity', 'and', 'swimming', 'efficiency', 'are', 'determined', 'the', 'swimmer', 'is', 'propelled', 'against', 'the', 'direction', 'of', 'its', 'outer', 'surface', 'motion', 'the', 'inner', 'surface', 'having', 'very', 'little', 'affect', 'the', 'simplest', 'swimming', 'mode', 'corresponding', 'to', 'constant', 'angular', 'velocity', 'can', 'achieve', 'propulsion', 'speeds', 'of', 'up', 'to', '66', 'of', 'the', 'surface', 'tanktreading', 'velocity', 'and', 'swimming', 'efficiency', 'of', 'up', 'to', '13', 'higher', 'efficiency', 'is', 'possible', 'for', 'more', 'complicated', 'modes', 'powered', 'by', 'twirling', 'of', 'extensible', 'surface', 'a', 'potential', 'practical', 'design', 'of', 'a', 'swimmer', 'motivated', 'by', 'purcells', 'idea', 'is', 'proposed', 'and', 'demonstrated', 'numerically', 'lastly', 'the', 'explicit', 'solution', 'is', 'found', 'for', 'a', 'twodimensional', 'swimmer', 'composed', 'of', 'two', 'counterrotating', 'disks', 'using', 'complex', 'variable', 'techniques']] | [-0.1781169980872489, 0.16609146665765107, -0.0633952525011929, -0.02645438929300456, -0.10850466299868589, -0.1715889718416812, -0.012384016213140317, 0.3812558576464653, -0.2443766705924645, -0.3200029285624623, 0.02081972038338011, -0.17258323277014176, -0.16548287864508374, 0.24433466720095437, -0.10405365755515439, 0.06856651279501551, 0.023333756866382567, -0.03758838519320956, 0.03011171916192065, -0.1845427017226549, 0.2323827791692955, 0.07157575490751437, 0.2678613113854746, 0.0185069666842797, 0.16441835703860436, -0.0670777508124177, 0.00468185319332406, 0.045386886540135105, -0.1799771183802347, 0.1240932133447911, 0.16173934297070705, 0.0358735835387571, 0.21484426064416767, -0.43519837275712886, -0.18634025253954212, 0.042574116328199, 0.1888801461717646, 0.09941104756934302, -0.057222137941633784, -0.23708970701721097, 0.0803018840736643, -0.20804296266287564, -0.2301905557646283, -0.041933379270735066, 0.08249623139688213, 0.048046709191320196, -0.1979179998394102, 0.09744339636859617, 0.07027877111520087, 0.08676717037867222, -0.06080776488524862, -0.07302435617228704, -0.0829235781699286, 0.06862118868822498, 0.09046564532826389, 0.024195400099935278, 0.25075402189312235, -0.14807701184347805, -0.08885105847314533, 0.40852399679965207, -0.05830869020345355, -0.24602207047594546, 0.2275376869498619, -0.13887907879626646, 0.012699113124316291, 0.1988954273917313, 0.20211459997642253, 0.13481891639333168, -0.12400275008570004, 0.01418336310390649, -0.01850352447093298, 0.12601145570099886, 0.1342222829066616, -0.06544117052108049, 0.22158634489335652, 0.18400404675464546, 0.06992779697528541, 0.14523902029198196, -0.1325664332735219, -0.05613115081505384, -0.22217543350000465, -0.15929660407626736, -0.19027757021394792, 0.01597696458255606, -0.07644281721233191, -0.0644833153862107, 0.37678603275469086, 0.05906449823440718, 0.17450660927487271, 0.04818428621926744, 0.31630099386508975, 0.06768105064984412, 0.029405030373683465, 0.12728473513852806, 0.3238961928964792, 0.14379947064943346, 0.08500493974424898, -0.2890131414556111, 0.02928540033088731, 0.05862533306436879] |
709.1149 | Representing probabilistic data via ontological models | Ontological models are attempts to quantitatively describe the results of a
probabilistic theory, such as Quantum Mechanics, in a framework exhibiting an
explicit realism-based underpinning. Unlike either the well known
quasi-probability representations, or the "r-p" vector formalism, these models
are contextual and by definition only involve positive probability
distributions (and indicator functions). In this article we study how the
ontological model formalism can be used to describe arbitrary statistics of a
system subjected to a finite set of preparations and measurements. We present
three models which can describe any such empirical data and then discuss how to
turn an indeterministic model into a deterministic one. This raises the issue
of how such models manifest contextuality, and we provide an explicit example
to demonstrate this. In the second half of the paper we consider the issue of
finding ontological models with as few ontic states as possible.
| quant-ph | ontological models are attempts to quantitatively describe the results of a probabilistic theory such as quantum mechanics in a framework exhibiting an explicit realismbased underpinning unlike either the well known quasiprobability representations or the rp vector formalism these models are contextual and by definition only involve positive probability distributions and indicator functions in this article we study how the ontological model formalism can be used to describe arbitrary statistics of a system subjected to a finite set of preparations and measurements we present three models which can describe any such empirical data and then discuss how to turn an indeterministic model into a deterministic one this raises the issue of how such models manifest contextuality and we provide an explicit example to demonstrate this in the second half of the paper we consider the issue of finding ontological models with as few ontic states as possible | [['ontological', 'models', 'are', 'attempts', 'to', 'quantitatively', 'describe', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'probabilistic', 'theory', 'such', 'as', 'quantum', 'mechanics', 'in', 'a', 'framework', 'exhibiting', 'an', 'explicit', 'realismbased', 'underpinning', 'unlike', 'either', 'the', 'well', 'known', 'quasiprobability', 'representations', 'or', 'the', 'rp', 'vector', 'formalism', 'these', 'models', 'are', 'contextual', 'and', 'by', 'definition', 'only', 'involve', 'positive', 'probability', 'distributions', 'and', 'indicator', 'functions', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'study', 'how', 'the', 'ontological', 'model', 'formalism', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'describe', 'arbitrary', 'statistics', 'of', 'a', 'system', 'subjected', 'to', 'a', 'finite', 'set', 'of', 'preparations', 'and', 'measurements', 'we', 'present', 'three', 'models', 'which', 'can', 'describe', 'any', 'such', 'empirical', 'data', 'and', 'then', 'discuss', 'how', 'to', 'turn', 'an', 'indeterministic', 'model', 'into', 'a', 'deterministic', 'one', 'this', 'raises', 'the', 'issue', 'of', 'how', 'such', 'models', 'manifest', 'contextuality', 'and', 'we', 'provide', 'an', 'explicit', 'example', 'to', 'demonstrate', 'this', 'in', 'the', 'second', 'half', 'of', 'the', 'paper', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'issue', 'of', 'finding', 'ontological', 'models', 'with', 'as', 'few', 'ontic', 'states', 'as', 'possible']] | [-0.06252918588571658, 0.09878375023642909, -0.1120796057360553, 0.1227952921133144, -0.05283178870999956, -0.15147676948164526, 0.044839033608210004, 0.348236521469965, -0.26768234614219055, -0.31835979228354483, 0.0758128431793111, -0.2416341449955338, -0.20919179749732505, 0.1576438651704038, -0.0780233229025688, 0.06727937477232557, 0.026735187552818288, 0.051673570766045125, -0.06789263351924067, -0.21310631795754426, 0.33693483121986567, 0.013418902485943974, 0.2547859646992324, 0.04593154153633505, 0.11621449732824471, -0.001794663524216883, -0.03931844128895398, 0.02968996153324715, -0.12729687613677487, 0.13447526660357118, 0.2744873198959907, 0.21515273720931824, 0.2824927915911484, -0.45737963276979043, -0.21857974983190429, 0.12897684292434014, 0.1306265273628986, 0.16244135977786467, 0.00910683026958308, -0.28301159186409913, 0.032947050147587816, -0.22075958137579058, -0.12864117209132991, -0.1383280002748058, -0.0187988900834669, -0.01730201151126307, -0.23303138624162298, 0.05527227650052064, 0.11137022111287391, 0.051024923368982254, -0.06786642175542859, -0.07833570976062257, 0.032738023255760335, 0.11867185162973577, 0.018918266794995135, 0.0005548410125599842, 0.08834992559333268, -0.11827758349293256, -0.1909661753173305, 0.38696296600471825, -0.03178414919777225, -0.25950270495058536, 0.19185329854411826, -0.09362501242478723, -0.14428661961414635, -0.001858173652666889, 0.17426235077596486, 0.10854934302337263, -0.1559948555308662, 0.06131966944826984, -0.07056659807081092, 0.1594378043832066, 0.006689850096921724, 0.06512566008413695, 0.2196521967304998, 0.13581665610409763, -0.012283521018641656, 0.14370157155096658, -0.02838239541009375, -0.11667903332870569, -0.36169120731240473, -0.17501282323856898, -0.1478963078458934, 0.07120085159980066, -0.046109117608503856, -0.1856524506009707, 0.39711412630515963, 0.21811632949010507, 0.228788852623077, 0.04691971527581575, 0.27143454917527937, 0.12808483612433808, 0.013379371412455628, 0.021750586104183775, 0.17756287157671105, 0.10990455057248728, 0.04508981813536319, -0.13501707936676174, 0.08469902305889314, 0.037200033211799925] |
709.115 | Beyond Two Dark Energy Parameters | Our ignorance of the dark energy is generally described by a two-parameter
equation of state. In these approaches a particular {\it ad hoc} functional
form is assumed, and only two independent parameters are incorporated. We
propose a model-independent, multi-parameter approach to fitting the dark
energy, and show that next-generation surveys will constrain the equation of
state in three or more independent redshift bins to better than 10%. Future
knowledge of the dark energy will surpass two numbers (e.g., [$w_0$,$w_1$] or
[$w_0$,$w_a$]), and we propose a more flexible approach to the analysis of
present and future data.
| astro-ph | our ignorance of the dark energy is generally described by a twoparameter equation of state in these approaches a particular it ad hoc functional form is assumed and only two independent parameters are incorporated we propose a modelindependent multiparameter approach to fitting the dark energy and show that nextgeneration surveys will constrain the equation of state in three or more independent redshift bins to better than 10 future knowledge of the dark energy will surpass two numbers eg w_0w_1 or w_0w_a and we propose a more flexible approach to the analysis of present and future data | [['our', 'ignorance', 'of', 'the', 'dark', 'energy', 'is', 'generally', 'described', 'by', 'a', 'twoparameter', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'in', 'these', 'approaches', 'a', 'particular', 'it', 'ad', 'hoc', 'functional', 'form', 'is', 'assumed', 'and', 'only', 'two', 'independent', 'parameters', 'are', 'incorporated', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'modelindependent', 'multiparameter', 'approach', 'to', 'fitting', 'the', 'dark', 'energy', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'nextgeneration', 'surveys', 'will', 'constrain', 'the', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'in', 'three', 'or', 'more', 'independent', 'redshift', 'bins', 'to', 'better', 'than', '10', 'future', 'knowledge', 'of', 'the', 'dark', 'energy', 'will', 'surpass', 'two', 'numbers', 'eg', 'w_0w_1', 'or', 'w_0w_a', 'and', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'more', 'flexible', 'approach', 'to', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'present', 'and', 'future', 'data']] | [-0.10933647380685822, 0.09311647676319505, -0.10192590539736557, 0.11588053805220018, -0.13187389710219577, -0.13550483110399605, 0.028414851731213275, 0.3626236850444305, -0.21089708854075676, -0.3540039429499302, 0.07481971187128995, -0.2629899540916085, -0.07138643808381555, 0.20602751594560686, -0.009676704610077044, 0.037748321890830994, 0.06765763722311628, 0.009234143343443671, -0.05641783855010848, -0.22322780013200827, 0.3308995818564047, 0.05375317355113415, 0.25705552949996974, 0.003847197862342, 0.07331799618380803, -0.01572409530490404, -0.08529400598490611, -0.014769844972761348, -0.18625334744600272, 0.14856173741948928, 0.24960267229471356, 0.1470800691226941, 0.26213772279394715, -0.4203329386509722, -0.2627254681040843, 0.15437950354923183, 0.16554571804393467, 0.08868712447898967, -0.011691452999912144, -0.2616536910936702, 0.05466949975349659, -0.2142197071322395, -0.12091509515206174, -0.10006867250194773, -0.03653799507204288, 0.014623037509106021, -0.2756958754422764, 0.11991296435007825, -0.0025024231824014955, -0.06108562365019073, -0.08487945321636896, -0.16352437263897932, -0.005263981372991111, 0.032134053316743426, 0.005351636515115388, 0.023220577068665687, 0.1341090432930893, -0.1516015351129075, -0.07228685952092444, 0.3916877058024208, -0.08168421287776557, -0.21612949552945793, 0.14629942233053347, -0.10903762970944324, -0.14140402641593633, 0.06301961571201294, 0.1575821624865057, 0.10044290956041853, -0.1889231590903364, 0.028982299717199567, 0.01707466404574613, 0.19867537134753852, 0.013958386829472147, 0.023264281883408938, 0.22467214445350692, 0.1854083789488262, 0.07535445810450862, 0.055024654361962654, -0.10330463676170136, -0.07166155144417037, -0.2975897369518255, -0.14544593010214157, -0.1639695787744131, 0.07721148815592944, -0.08684167841117112, -0.10878787324206012, 0.37923357717954786, 0.1730338657507673, 0.2010005309518116, 0.03748300975712482, 0.33359380970553804, 0.09629343910516279, 0.04587638779291107, 0.053388005355373025, 0.26551975558201474, 0.04129091091696561, 0.08160117621688794, -0.12287550376398333, 0.02474008083663648, -0.02924228459596634] |
709.1151 | Euler-Bernoulli beams from a symmetry standpoint-characterization of
equivalent equations | We completely solve the equivalence problem for Euler-Bernoulli equation
using Lie symmetry analysis. We show that the quotient of the symmetry Lie
algebra of the Bernoulli equation by the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra
spanned by solution symmetries is a representation of one of the following Lie
algebras: $2A_1$, $A_1\oplus A_2$, $3A_1$, or $A_{3,3}\oplus A_1$. Each
quotient symmetry Lie algebra determines an equivalence class of
Euler-Bernoulli equations. Save for the generic case corresponding to arbitrary
lineal mass density and flexural rigidity, we characterize the elements of each
class by giving a determined set of differential equations satisfied by
physical parameters (lineal mass density and flexural rigidity). For each
class, we provide a simple representative and we explicitly construct
transformations that maps a class member to its representative. The maximally
symmetric class described by the four-dimensional quotient symmetry Lie algebra
$A_{3,3}\oplus A_1$ corresponds to Euler-Bernoulli equations homeomorphic to
the uniform one (constant lineal mass density and flexural rigidity) . We
rigorously derive some non-trivial and non-uniform Euler-Bernoulli equations
reducible to the uniform unit beam. Our models extend and emphasize the
symmetry flavor of Gottlieb's iso-spectral beams (Proceedings of the Royal
Society London A 413 (1987) 235-250)
| math.AP | we completely solve the equivalence problem for eulerbernoulli equation using lie symmetry analysis we show that the quotient of the symmetry lie algebra of the bernoulli equation by the infinitedimensional lie algebra spanned by solution symmetries is a representation of one of the following lie algebras 2a_1 a_1oplus a_2 3a_1 or a_33oplus a_1 each quotient symmetry lie algebra determines an equivalence class of eulerbernoulli equations save for the generic case corresponding to arbitrary lineal mass density and flexural rigidity we characterize the elements of each class by giving a determined set of differential equations satisfied by physical parameters lineal mass density and flexural rigidity for each class we provide a simple representative and we explicitly construct transformations that maps a class member to its representative the maximally symmetric class described by the fourdimensional quotient symmetry lie algebra a_33oplus a_1 corresponds to eulerbernoulli equations homeomorphic to the uniform one constant lineal mass density and flexural rigidity we rigorously derive some nontrivial and nonuniform eulerbernoulli equations reducible to the uniform unit beam our models extend and emphasize the symmetry flavor of gottliebs isospectral beams proceedings of the royal society london a 413 1987 235250 | [['we', 'completely', 'solve', 'the', 'equivalence', 'problem', 'for', 'eulerbernoulli', 'equation', 'using', 'lie', 'symmetry', 'analysis', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'quotient', 'of', 'the', 'symmetry', 'lie', 'algebra', 'of', 'the', 'bernoulli', 'equation', 'by', 'the', 'infinitedimensional', 'lie', 'algebra', 'spanned', 'by', 'solution', 'symmetries', 'is', 'a', 'representation', 'of', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'following', 'lie', 'algebras', '2a_1', 'a_1oplus', 'a_2', '3a_1', 'or', 'a_33oplus', 'a_1', 'each', 'quotient', 'symmetry', 'lie', 'algebra', 'determines', 'an', 'equivalence', 'class', 'of', 'eulerbernoulli', 'equations', 'save', 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'equations', 'reducible', 'to', 'the', 'uniform', 'unit', 'beam', 'our', 'models', 'extend', 'and', 'emphasize', 'the', 'symmetry', 'flavor', 'of', 'gottliebs', 'isospectral', 'beams', 'proceedings', 'of', 'the', 'royal', 'society', 'london', 'a', '413', '1987', '235250']] | [-0.1569895403870837, 0.1226950041762277, -0.041386869075916155, 0.04332849083460887, -0.15318181833866587, -0.15459013451881548, -0.014811636984070882, 0.3197553833139109, -0.31686986020662167, -0.23043326802546793, 0.10279975939378579, -0.23064561436656228, -0.1207208366596457, 0.13044820105201227, -0.06411894343724038, 0.03379638252768695, 0.031334420800781214, 0.05265637513072394, -0.12963684931294644, -0.202194591573603, 0.37256787738148517, -0.030085360667262067, 0.27771825093820574, -0.015514623175593132, 0.15852492060784765, 0.02564850579167003, 0.0022597192065849743, -0.022820505526590536, -0.20089517379134084, 0.09600210650402934, 0.25518130277806506, 0.05251903679999622, 0.1911357392660996, 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709.1152 | Power-law Signatures and Patchiness in Genechip Oligonucleotide
Microarrays | . Genechip oligonucleotide microarrays have been used widely for
transcriptional profiling of a large number of genes in a given paradigm. Gene
expression estimation precedes biological inference and is given as a complex
combination of atomic entities on the array called probes. These probe
intensities are further classified into perfect-match (PM) and mis-match (MM)
probes. While former is a measure of specific binding, the lat-ter is a measure
of non-specific binding. The behavior of the MM probes has especially proven to
be elusive. The present study investigates qualita-tive similarities in the
distributional signatures and local correlation struc-tures/patchiness between
the PM and MM probe intensities. These qualita-tive similarities are
established on publicly available microarrays generated across laboratories
investigating the same paradigm. Persistence of these similarities across raw
as well as background subtracted probe intensities is also investigated. The
results presented raise fundamental concerns in inter-preting Genechip
oligonucleotide microarray data.
| q-bio.GN q-bio.QM | genechip oligonucleotide microarrays have been used widely for transcriptional profiling of a large number of genes in a given paradigm gene expression estimation precedes biological inference and is given as a complex combination of atomic entities on the array called probes these probe intensities are further classified into perfectmatch pm and mismatch mm probes while former is a measure of specific binding the latter is a measure of nonspecific binding the behavior of the mm probes has especially proven to be elusive the present study investigates qualitative similarities in the distributional signatures and local correlation structurespatchiness between the pm and mm probe intensities these qualitative similarities are established on publicly available microarrays generated across laboratories investigating the same paradigm persistence of these similarities across raw as well as background subtracted probe intensities is also investigated the results presented raise fundamental concerns in interpreting genechip oligonucleotide microarray data | [['genechip', 'oligonucleotide', 'microarrays', 'have', 'been', 'used', 'widely', 'for', 'transcriptional', 'profiling', 'of', 'a', 'large', 'number', 'of', 'genes', 'in', 'a', 'given', 'paradigm', 'gene', 'expression', 'estimation', 'precedes', 'biological', 'inference', 'and', 'is', 'given', 'as', 'a', 'complex', 'combination', 'of', 'atomic', 'entities', 'on', 'the', 'array', 'called', 'probes', 'these', 'probe', 'intensities', 'are', 'further', 'classified', 'into', 'perfectmatch', 'pm', 'and', 'mismatch', 'mm', 'probes', 'while', 'former', 'is', 'a', 'measure', 'of', 'specific', 'binding', 'the', 'latter', 'is', 'a', 'measure', 'of', 'nonspecific', 'binding', 'the', 'behavior', 'of', 'the', 'mm', 'probes', 'has', 'especially', 'proven', 'to', 'be', 'elusive', 'the', 'present', 'study', 'investigates', 'qualitative', 'similarities', 'in', 'the', 'distributional', 'signatures', 'and', 'local', 'correlation', 'structurespatchiness', 'between', 'the', 'pm', 'and', 'mm', 'probe', 'intensities', 'these', 'qualitative', 'similarities', 'are', 'established', 'on', 'publicly', 'available', 'microarrays', 'generated', 'across', 'laboratories', 'investigating', 'the', 'same', 'paradigm', 'persistence', 'of', 'these', 'similarities', 'across', 'raw', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'background', 'subtracted', 'probe', 'intensities', 'is', 'also', 'investigated', 'the', 'results', 'presented', 'raise', 'fundamental', 'concerns', 'in', 'interpreting', 'genechip', 'oligonucleotide', 'microarray', 'data']] | [-0.0802490439623241, 0.08679912600923201, -0.04442264523100237, 0.13453239620550825, -0.03128193048599722, -0.16268286187330197, 0.017439013586283244, 0.39965275988496585, -0.24903899983599267, -0.3357994899025251, 0.05606681352946907, -0.3084489354028784, -0.13222780227942135, 0.2213077522268326, -0.011601331672663319, 0.03564621780453057, 0.0667660174345405, 0.01038547125484409, 0.007909914748422031, -0.14817699483647975, 0.23076285734001933, 0.08452929089745057, 0.3388604322062998, 0.06668638865270748, 0.08739332553352519, -0.05147927317061815, -0.10749176586496419, 0.02026543949313205, -0.1377737012980827, 0.14850310762894564, 0.3290617882820039, 0.16339256899624036, 0.2523839787740646, -0.4023802402461397, -0.21568933909694696, 0.08298445819909203, 0.15204526934901189, 0.10244165618968164, -0.05015892638375276, -0.30081782698117454, 0.05998049597737604, -0.07637709428010316, -0.07479726636866589, -0.09650919527810967, 0.03758393713947514, 0.05937798836324685, -0.21663706124085805, 0.10049486232034316, -0.022126595624561967, 0.1305511857093922, -0.06665459978233637, -0.1417948451471226, -0.015900826568169327, 0.1923453380305577, 0.055543327562767884, 0.039045764873575035, 0.15526077672317304, -0.10827575724427428, -0.10213153216674731, 0.3489995127094203, -0.04640127061464792, -0.16632741919461766, 0.2199191364106433, -0.12327680274651483, -0.1664347010953673, 0.08423015545764617, 0.14638699318517143, 0.07962424027460531, -0.2039658613759896, 0.03210886429417236, -0.012229605491176762, 0.21403315271820939, 0.11682467273845948, 0.0452472774022869, 0.23666741288877252, 0.2179559637824523, -0.0233527769093755, 0.13273421216451017, -0.13616103358117157, -0.06738586575435153, -0.22994049570748004, -0.1337812782104673, -0.1692124001424888, 0.04074274112936109, -0.08414558861043368, -0.1583912387072783, 0.3651645012392566, 0.12275057541826692, 0.21072413724815023, 0.004071458432711019, 0.2762008171657036, 0.02937895955341258, 0.095857350056156, -0.044165218171888385, 0.21107789674966498, 0.13421752303196438, 0.06606866668363841, -0.19992051143199205, 0.14198310679980908, -0.003923426207219218] |
709.1153 | Cross-correlation Weak Lensing of SDSS Galaxy Clusters I: Measurements | This is the first in a series of papers on the weak lensing effect caused by
clusters of galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The photometrically selected
cluster sample, known as MaxBCG, includes ~130,000 objects between redshift 0.1
and 0.3, ranging in size from small groups to massive clusters. We split the
clusters into bins of richness and luminosity and stack the surface density
contrast to produce mean radial profiles. The mean profiles are detected over a
range of scales, from the inner halo (25 kpc/h) well into the surrounding large
scale structure (30 Mpc/h), with a significance of 15 to 20 in each bin. The
signal over this large range of scales is best interpreted in terms of the
cluster-mass cross-correlation function. We pay careful attention to sources of
systematic error, correcting for them where possible. The resulting signals are
calibrated to the ~10% level, with the dominant remaining uncertainty being the
redshift distribution of the background sources. We find that the profiles
scale strongly with richness and luminosity. We find the signal within a given
richness bin depends upon luminosity, suggesting that luminosity is more
closely correlated with mass than galaxy counts. We split the samples by
redshift but detect no significant evolution. The profiles are not well
described by power laws. In a subsequent series of papers we invert the
profiles to three-dimensional mass profiles, show that they are well fit by a
halo model description, measure mass-to-light ratios and provide a cosmological
interpretation.
| astro-ph | this is the first in a series of papers on the weak lensing effect caused by clusters of galaxies in sloan digital sky survey the photometrically selected cluster sample known as maxbcg includes 130000 objects between redshift 01 and 03 ranging in size from small groups to massive clusters we split the clusters into bins of richness and luminosity and stack the surface density contrast to produce mean radial profiles the mean profiles are detected over a range of scales from the inner halo 25 kpch well into the surrounding large scale structure 30 mpch with a significance of 15 to 20 in each bin the signal over this large range of scales is best interpreted in terms of the clustermass crosscorrelation function we pay careful attention to sources of systematic error correcting for them where possible the resulting signals are calibrated to the 10 level with the dominant remaining uncertainty being the redshift distribution of the background sources we find that the profiles scale strongly with richness and luminosity we find the signal within a given richness bin depends upon luminosity suggesting that luminosity is more closely correlated with mass than galaxy counts we split the samples by redshift but detect no significant evolution the profiles are not well described by power laws in a subsequent series of papers we invert the profiles to threedimensional mass profiles show that they are well fit by a halo model description measure masstolight ratios and provide a cosmological interpretation | [['this', 'is', 'the', 'first', 'in', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'papers', 'on', 'the', 'weak', 'lensing', 'effect', 'caused', 'by', 'clusters', 'of', 'galaxies', 'in', 'sloan', 'digital', 'sky', 'survey', 'the', 'photometrically', 'selected', 'cluster', 'sample', 'known', 'as', 'maxbcg', 'includes', '130000', 'objects', 'between', 'redshift', '01', 'and', '03', 'ranging', 'in', 'size', 'from', 'small', 'groups', 'to', 'massive', 'clusters', 'we', 'split', 'the', 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709.1154 | Brauer-Manin obstructions to integral points | We study Brauer-Manin obstructions to integral points on open subsets of the
projective plane.
| math.AG math.NT | we study brauermanin obstructions to integral points on open subsets of the projective plane | [['we', 'study', 'brauermanin', 'obstructions', 'to', 'integral', 'points', 'on', 'open', 'subsets', 'of', 'the', 'projective', 'plane']] | [-0.3598753570445946, -0.10811125240953905, -0.09120032084839684, 0.1540790204224842, -0.16897517362875597, -0.01037772957767759, 0.15567776118405163, 0.33848124529634205, -0.36067010728376253, -0.17489022122962133, 0.10297248628921807, -0.32297859134684714, -0.12441008484789304, 0.2408744167270405, -0.2049481872735279, 0.03401260716574533, 0.08454971639106848, -0.027761931930269514, -0.0739047886537654, -0.4230046288243362, 0.4863406526190894, -0.14817161006586893, 0.16071891013000691, 0.09283691165702683, 0.14369848776342614, 0.08571835344524256, 0.033487411348947456, 0.04570546949149242, -0.2771154288202524, 0.11158310435712337, 0.374105745394315, 0.06092026680042701, 0.11458547626222883, -0.36658718064427376, -0.1263213680524911, 0.28346654313749503, 0.14654067930366313, 0.005697448604873249, 0.04056498311027618, -0.35608964413404465, 0.08054512300129447, 0.07360803442341941, -0.26325628480740954, -0.07034856081008911, -0.005361417474757347, 0.061078532183143706, -0.11057704160339199, -0.12333328596183232, 0.008117052859493665, 0.24504388117098383, -0.06374165575419154, -0.028406259204660143, -0.021034328266978264, 0.0359036108878042, -0.01674913415419204, 0.1411123164829665, 0.07775466001060392, 0.006630484546933856, -0.13150071931470717, 0.29521462028580053, -0.0017019468359649181, -0.23590965648846968, 0.1342549846906747, -0.17341768967786006, -0.19187911480133021, 0.20948242143328702, 0.1442783780928169, 0.15167521805103337, -0.02617331514401095, 0.27451017392533167, -0.16487906780093908, 0.05358241993235424, 0.12749989004805684, -0.05185147747397423, 0.16750662667410715, 0.0012908862637622015, 0.15676043535183584, 0.14561793420995986, -0.04590564359179033, -0.06753884149449212, -0.4240248841898782, -0.21386951261333056, -0.08515684949400436, 0.1699245199561119, -0.07080171579062673, -0.2545807639669095, 0.36805538673486027, 0.12035593550120081, 0.17230669036507607, 6.326826821480478e-05, 0.24652931040951184, -0.04177746808688555, 0.0002472716982343367, 0.07103491853922606, 0.12596818013116717, 0.20913791643189533, -0.12078847546529557, -0.14497116580605507, -0.12161339802800544, 0.29303822719625067] |
709.1155 | iso-spectral Euler-Bernoulli beams \`a la Sophus Lie | We obtain iso-spectral Euler-Bernoulli beams by using factorization and Lie
symmetry techniques. The canonical Euler-Bernoulli beam operator is factorized
as the product of a second-order linear differential operator and its adjoint.
The factors are then reversed to obtain iso-spectral beams. The factorization
is possible provided the coefficients of the factors satisfy a system of
non-linear ordinary differential equations . The uncoupling of this system
yields a single non-linear third-order ordinary differential equation. This
ordinary differential equation, refer to as the {\it principal equation}, is
analyzed and solved using Lie group methods. We show that the principal
equation may admit a one-dimensional or three-dimensional symmetry Lie algebra.
When the principal system admits a unique symmetry, the best we can do is to
depress its order by one. We obtain a one-parameter family of solutions in this
case. The maximally symmetric case is shown to be isomorphic to a Chazy
equation which is solved in closed form to derive the general solution of the
principal equation.
| math.AP | we obtain isospectral eulerbernoulli beams by using factorization and lie symmetry techniques the canonical eulerbernoulli beam operator is factorized as the product of a secondorder linear differential operator and its adjoint the factors are then reversed to obtain isospectral beams the factorization is possible provided the coefficients of the factors satisfy a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations the uncoupling of this system yields a single nonlinear thirdorder ordinary differential equation this ordinary differential equation refer to as the it principal equation is analyzed and solved using lie group methods we show that the principal equation may admit a onedimensional or threedimensional symmetry lie algebra when the principal system admits a unique symmetry the best we can do is to depress its order by one we obtain a oneparameter family of solutions in this case the maximally symmetric case is shown to be isomorphic to a chazy equation which is solved in closed form to derive the general solution of the principal equation | [['we', 'obtain', 'isospectral', 'eulerbernoulli', 'beams', 'by', 'using', 'factorization', 'and', 'lie', 'symmetry', 'techniques', 'the', 'canonical', 'eulerbernoulli', 'beam', 'operator', 'is', 'factorized', 'as', 'the', 'product', 'of', 'a', 'secondorder', 'linear', 'differential', 'operator', 'and', 'its', 'adjoint', 'the', 'factors', 'are', 'then', 'reversed', 'to', 'obtain', 'isospectral', 'beams', 'the', 'factorization', 'is', 'possible', 'provided', 'the', 'coefficients', 'of', 'the', 'factors', 'satisfy', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'nonlinear', 'ordinary', 'differential', 'equations', 'the', 'uncoupling', 'of', 'this', 'system', 'yields', 'a', 'single', 'nonlinear', 'thirdorder', 'ordinary', 'differential', 'equation', 'this', 'ordinary', 'differential', 'equation', 'refer', 'to', 'as', 'the', 'it', 'principal', 'equation', 'is', 'analyzed', 'and', 'solved', 'using', 'lie', 'group', 'methods', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'principal', 'equation', 'may', 'admit', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'or', 'threedimensional', 'symmetry', 'lie', 'algebra', 'when', 'the', 'principal', 'system', 'admits', 'a', 'unique', 'symmetry', 'the', 'best', 'we', 'can', 'do', 'is', 'to', 'depress', 'its', 'order', 'by', 'one', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'oneparameter', 'family', 'of', 'solutions', 'in', 'this', 'case', 'the', 'maximally', 'symmetric', 'case', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'isomorphic', 'to', 'a', 'chazy', 'equation', 'which', 'is', 'solved', 'in', 'closed', 'form', 'to', 'derive', 'the', 'general', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'principal', 'equation']] | [-0.1569534542368999, 0.04453590754533838, -0.11233856177894525, 0.05680848389651135, -0.152508827766255, -0.16364713676810905, -0.07310230194653836, 0.326187193930789, -0.3454702976916808, -0.20920568224088362, 0.12353391239263883, -0.2870911886698446, -0.15471901925583512, 0.1543098189560925, -0.03133307468786013, 0.08237537804153959, 0.04432532431106397, 0.09698897644311784, -0.1349752435272851, -0.2070314954349234, 0.3746981602704918, -0.034910412253869094, 0.24028408528731257, -0.031766802151087514, 0.186983025235701, -0.012708657628290949, 0.01101366359671932, -0.0032354328107157366, -0.11950139896937916, 0.08965068975566355, 0.26829330752992236, 0.0590602622190319, 0.20213939717248014, -0.39884786038128145, -0.15520604473018756, 0.11697764067333534, 0.1563248035206568, 0.11871187679363883, -0.005536333358683409, -0.2702658234786905, 0.0593397739568141, -0.16222971803765812, -0.21647443930601323, -0.11234436609262338, -0.013323658600198162, 0.02477072201314971, -0.29175714490523824, 0.09942734283195134, 0.08367715010625179, -0.005928780643577956, -0.06055773958632368, -0.08077650948604741, -0.05566161189319715, 0.029138305105384656, 0.0019386406499389674, -0.00881045032863968, 0.0669612912539724, -0.082470914716061, -0.10062595198867968, 0.4260763173327964, -0.07736721040289621, -0.2924194176969878, 0.07782120983819106, -0.1359427198460554, -0.11139408905813299, 0.1357597721386358, 0.14345270639108323, 0.1677739361352487, -0.15509919937533267, 0.13108955319018098, -0.0947006285430555, 0.13276166638321574, 0.06189098412262425, -0.05114452293009834, 0.08621274513918106, 0.10839369919785281, 0.08207103097097136, 0.12727283117821314, 0.04601454892212902, -0.10405542304420821, -0.32770267238646195, -0.1737407502086913, -0.10124387788197792, 0.11422642887187151, -0.07285944937967247, -0.16130141953939853, 0.3920938305005408, 0.050588935254387374, 0.15707387494928907, 0.014944367020025256, 0.24929315663097096, 0.27844759560635807, 0.06037042070283023, 0.04850929510991083, 0.21793586585707847, 0.23337053340014094, 0.06109726748520657, -0.22638512392131258, -0.023044665766868488, 0.15588904616131555] |
709.1156 | Hypervelocity Stars from the Andromeda Galaxy | Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) discovered in the Milky Way (MW) halo are thought
to be ejected from near the massive black hole (MBH) at the galactic centre. In
this paper we investigate the spatial and velocity distributions of the HVSs
which are expected to be similarly produced in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We
consider three different HVS production mechanisms: (i) the disruption of
stellar binaries by the galactocentric MBH; (ii) the ejection of stars by an
in-spiraling intermediate mass black hole; and (iii) the scattering of stars
off a cluster of stellar-mass black holes orbiting around the MBH. While the
first two mechanisms would produce large numbers of HVSs in M31, we show that
the third mechanism would not be effective in M31. We numerically calculate
1.2*10^6 trajectories of HVSs from M31 within a simple model of the Local Group
and hence infer the current distribution of these stars. Gravitational focusing
of the HVSs by the MW and the diffuse Local Group medium leads to high
densities of low mass (~ solar mass) M31 HVSs near the MW. Within the
virialized MW halo, we expect there to be of order 1000 HVSs for the first
mechanism and a few hundred HVSs for the second mechanism; many of these stars
should have distinctively large approach velocities (< -500 km/s). In addition,
we predict ~5 hypervelocity RGB stars within the M31 halo which could be
identified observationally. Future MW astrometric surveys or searches for
distant giants could thus find HVSs from M31.
| astro-ph | hypervelocity stars hvss discovered in the milky way mw halo are thought to be ejected from near the massive black hole mbh at the galactic centre in this paper we investigate the spatial and velocity distributions of the hvss which are expected to be similarly produced in the andromeda galaxy m31 we consider three different hvs production mechanisms i the disruption of stellar binaries by the galactocentric mbh ii the ejection of stars by an inspiraling intermediate mass black hole and iii the scattering of stars off a cluster of stellarmass black holes orbiting around the mbh while the first two mechanisms would produce large numbers of hvss in m31 we show that the third mechanism would not be effective in m31 we numerically calculate 12106 trajectories of hvss from m31 within a simple model of the local group and hence infer the current distribution of these stars gravitational focusing of the hvss by the mw and the diffuse local group medium leads to high densities of low mass solar mass m31 hvss near the mw within the virialized mw halo we expect there to be of order 1000 hvss for the first mechanism and a few hundred hvss for the second mechanism many of these stars should have distinctively large approach velocities 500 kms in addition we predict 5 hypervelocity rgb stars within the m31 halo which could be identified observationally future mw astrometric surveys or searches for distant giants could thus find hvss from m31 | [['hypervelocity', 'stars', 'hvss', 'discovered', 'in', 'the', 'milky', 'way', 'mw', 'halo', 'are', 'thought', 'to', 'be', 'ejected', 'from', 'near', 'the', 'massive', 'black', 'hole', 'mbh', 'at', 'the', 'galactic', 'centre', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'spatial', 'and', 'velocity', 'distributions', 'of', 'the', 'hvss', 'which', 'are', 'expected', 'to', 'be', 'similarly', 'produced', 'in', 'the', 'andromeda', 'galaxy', 'm31', 'we', 'consider', 'three', 'different', 'hvs', 'production', 'mechanisms', 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709.1157 | Impact of slepton generation mixing on the search for sneutrinos | We perform a systematic study of sneutrino production and decays in the
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with slepton generation mixing. We
study both fermionic decays like sneutrino \to l^- chargino^+, nu neutralino
and bosonic decays such as sneutrino \to slepton^- H^+, slepton^- W^+. We show
that the effect of slepton generation mixing on the sneutrino production cross
sections and its decay branching ratios can be quite large in a significant
part of the MSSM parameter space despite the very strong experimental limits on
lepton flavour violating processes. This could have an important impact on the
search for sneutrinos and the determination of the MSSM parameters at future
colliders, such as LHC, ILC, CLIC and muon collider.
| hep-ph hep-ex | we perform a systematic study of sneutrino production and decays in the minimal supersymmetric standard model mssm with slepton generation mixing we study both fermionic decays like sneutrino to l chargino nu neutralino and bosonic decays such as sneutrino to slepton h slepton w we show that the effect of slepton generation mixing on the sneutrino production cross sections and its decay branching ratios can be quite large in a significant part of the mssm parameter space despite the very strong experimental limits on lepton flavour violating processes this could have an important impact on the search for sneutrinos and the determination of the mssm parameters at future colliders such as lhc ilc clic and muon collider | [['we', 'perform', 'a', 'systematic', 'study', 'of', 'sneutrino', 'production', 'and', 'decays', 'in', 'the', 'minimal', 'supersymmetric', 'standard', 'model', 'mssm', 'with', 'slepton', 'generation', 'mixing', 'we', 'study', 'both', 'fermionic', 'decays', 'like', 'sneutrino', 'to', 'l', 'chargino', 'nu', 'neutralino', 'and', 'bosonic', 'decays', 'such', 'as', 'sneutrino', 'to', 'slepton', 'h', 'slepton', 'w', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'slepton', 'generation', 'mixing', 'on', 'the', 'sneutrino', 'production', 'cross', 'sections', 'and', 'its', 'decay', 'branching', 'ratios', 'can', 'be', 'quite', 'large', 'in', 'a', 'significant', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'mssm', 'parameter', 'space', 'despite', 'the', 'very', 'strong', 'experimental', 'limits', 'on', 'lepton', 'flavour', 'violating', 'processes', 'this', 'could', 'have', 'an', 'important', 'impact', 'on', 'the', 'search', 'for', 'sneutrinos', 'and', 'the', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'mssm', 'parameters', 'at', 'future', 'colliders', 'such', 'as', 'lhc', 'ilc', 'clic', 'and', 'muon', 'collider']] | [-0.08118497946898603, 0.30985867772283704, 0.023776029718196035, 0.22310740124478012, -0.08988588236463375, -0.19759524908537665, 0.046622647385463185, 0.3102976398852964, -0.21698653120069933, -0.25957577782643276, 0.014851229860343866, -0.3113346367429655, 0.06808260220906928, 0.15837527002092514, 0.08179959563665792, 0.1342155769557899, 0.13969985893867815, -0.058495146883094415, -0.04258262589932061, -0.2557929082292045, 0.21136929400456259, 0.08614046981510444, 0.1280083666678964, 0.1501149923628212, -0.0030681434660576857, -0.015237817136793692, -0.03312111329426591, -0.1551223892012599, -0.11096691689858239, 0.03866916052742392, 0.21632184363646895, 0.09890814517568956, 0.06279073703365448, -0.31565943910465694, -0.0689415278362954, 0.2777847934466524, 0.18989363730622408, 0.04091640047601655, -0.11199197485051954, -0.34431337386879146, 0.0757035388920703, -0.27724378402782685, 0.0044188719545292035, -0.0796280475004982, -0.022926901100983478, -0.18439313819090652, -0.37617832138680685, 0.07093197604816438, -0.10871877760873136, -0.023056744944113187, 0.07344389855453713, -0.23443250502778107, -0.10791403199665439, -0.045872715301811695, 0.2527145369955474, -0.062424493643144764, 0.23539883603091136, -0.2222207307509091, -0.22214593740705496, 0.4402548000534885, -0.1679027251716162, -0.2069705422832352, 0.17300768550803775, -0.19348884561759794, -0.1890277494895312, 0.07665260294133909, 0.29110659915221554, 0.10908791495479134, -0.13855055179128534, 0.26777448608394727, -0.05242900906178432, 0.14735709122803986, 0.0663554944917878, 0.09765701634713854, 0.2832025502505911, 0.29021993140654206, 0.11771752097261831, 0.05142984563846969, -0.10324365252222961, -0.032983062884364374, -0.5161699914397337, -0.14538766021798485, -0.0029923331438221484, 0.06517074996919936, -0.04506010519533167, -0.1107506323287375, 0.41437530748816764, 0.11328685926830667, 0.3130401188555436, 0.01878031762714824, 0.3280059959516566, 0.06661032728699601, 0.07907950417581412, -0.04629274912969046, 0.3407659618637692, 0.11694808802607222, 0.13131254525759664, -0.2954702451427141, 0.022585983376185864, 0.061366398741180696] |
709.1158 | Measuring the mean and scatter of the X-ray luminosity -- optical
richness relation for maxBCG galaxy clusters | Determining the scaling relations between galaxy cluster observables requires
large samples of uniformly observed clusters. We measure the mean X-ray
luminosity--optical richness (L_X--N_200) relation for an approximately
volume-limited sample of more than 17,000 optically-selected clusters from the
maxBCG catalog spanning the redshift range 0.1<z<0.3. By stacking the X-ray
emission from many clusters using ROSAT All-Sky Survey data, we are able to
measure mean X-ray luminosities to ~10% (including systematic errors) for
clusters in nine independent optical richness bins. In addition, we are able to
crudely measure individual X-ray emission from ~800 of the richest clusters.
Assuming a log-normal form for the scatter in the L_X--N_200 relation, we
measure \sigma_\ln{L}=0.86+/-0.03 at fixed N_200. This scatter is large enough
to significantly bias the mean stacked relation. The corrected median relation
can be parameterized by L_X = (e^\alpha)(N_200/40)^\beta 10^42 h^-2 ergs/s,
where \alpha = 3.57+/-0.08 and \beta = 1.82+/-0.05. We find that X-ray selected
clusters are significantly brighter than optically-selected clusters at a given
optical richness. This selection bias explains the apparently X-ray
underluminous nature of optically-selected cluster catalogs.
| astro-ph | determining the scaling relations between galaxy cluster observables requires large samples of uniformly observed clusters we measure the mean xray luminosityoptical richness l_xn_200 relation for an approximately volumelimited sample of more than 17000 opticallyselected clusters from the maxbcg catalog spanning the redshift range 01z03 by stacking the xray emission from many clusters using rosat allsky survey data we are able to measure mean xray luminosities to 10 including systematic errors for clusters in nine independent optical richness bins in addition we are able to crudely measure individual xray emission from 800 of the richest clusters assuming a lognormal form for the scatter in the l_xn_200 relation we measure sigma_lnl086003 at fixed n_200 this scatter is large enough to significantly bias the mean stacked relation the corrected median relation can be parameterized by l_x ealphan_20040beta 1042 h2 ergss where alpha 357008 and beta 182005 we find that xray selected clusters are significantly brighter than opticallyselected clusters at a given optical richness this selection bias explains the apparently xray underluminous nature of opticallyselected cluster catalogs | [['determining', 'the', 'scaling', 'relations', 'between', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'observables', 'requires', 'large', 'samples', 'of', 'uniformly', 'observed', 'clusters', 'we', 'measure', 'the', 'mean', 'xray', 'luminosityoptical', 'richness', 'l_xn_200', 'relation', 'for', 'an', 'approximately', 'volumelimited', 'sample', 'of', 'more', 'than', '17000', 'opticallyselected', 'clusters', 'from', 'the', 'maxbcg', 'catalog', 'spanning', 'the', 'redshift', 'range', '01z03', 'by', 'stacking', 'the', 'xray', 'emission', 'from', 'many', 'clusters', 'using', 'rosat', 'allsky', 'survey', 'data', 'we', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'measure', 'mean', 'xray', 'luminosities', 'to', '10', 'including', 'systematic', 'errors', 'for', 'clusters', 'in', 'nine', 'independent', 'optical', 'richness', 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709.1159 | Cross-correlation Weak Lensing of SDSS galaxy Clusters II: Cluster
Density Profiles and the Mass--Richness Relation | We interpret and model the statistical weak lensing measurements around
130,000 groups and clusters of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
presented by Sheldon et al. 2007 (Paper I). We present non-parametric
inversions of the 2D shear profiles to the mean 3D cluster density and mass
profiles in bins of both optical richness and cluster i-band luminosity. We
correct the inferred 3D profiles for systematic effects, including non-linear
shear and the fact that cluster halos are not all precisely centered on their
brightest galaxies. We also model the measured cluster shear profile as a sum
of contributions from the brightest central galaxy, the cluster dark matter
halo, and neighboring halos. We infer the relations between mean cluster virial
mass and optical richness and luminosity over two orders of magnitude in
cluster mass; the virial mass at fixed richness or luminosity is determined
with a precision of 13% including both statistical and systematic errors. We
also constrain the halo concentration parameter and halo bias as a function of
cluster mass; both are in good agreement with predictions of LCDM models. The
methods employed here will be applicable to deeper, wide-area optical surveys
that aim to constrain the nature of the dark energy, such as the Dark Energy
Survey, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and space-based surveys.
| astro-ph | we interpret and model the statistical weak lensing measurements around 130000 groups and clusters of galaxies in the sloan digital sky survey presented by sheldon et al 2007 paper i we present nonparametric inversions of the 2d shear profiles to the mean 3d cluster density and mass profiles in bins of both optical richness and cluster iband luminosity we correct the inferred 3d profiles for systematic effects including nonlinear shear and the fact that cluster halos are not all precisely centered on their brightest galaxies we also model the measured cluster shear profile as a sum of contributions from the brightest central galaxy the cluster dark matter halo and neighboring halos we infer the relations between mean cluster virial mass and optical richness and luminosity over two orders of magnitude in cluster mass the virial mass at fixed richness or luminosity is determined with a precision of 13 including both statistical and systematic errors we also constrain the halo concentration parameter and halo bias as a function of cluster mass both are in good agreement with predictions of lcdm models the methods employed here will be applicable to deeper widearea optical surveys that aim to constrain the nature of the dark energy such as the dark energy survey the large synoptic survey telescope and spacebased surveys | [['we', 'interpret', 'and', 'model', 'the', 'statistical', 'weak', 'lensing', 'measurements', 'around', '130000', 'groups', 'and', 'clusters', 'of', 'galaxies', 'in', 'the', 'sloan', 'digital', 'sky', 'survey', 'presented', 'by', 'sheldon', 'et', 'al', '2007', 'paper', 'i', 'we', 'present', 'nonparametric', 'inversions', 'of', 'the', '2d', 'shear', 'profiles', 'to', 'the', 'mean', '3d', 'cluster', 'density', 'and', 'mass', 'profiles', 'in', 'bins', 'of', 'both', 'optical', 'richness', 'and', 'cluster', 'iband', 'luminosity', 'we', 'correct', 'the', 'inferred', '3d', 'profiles', 'for', 'systematic', 'effects', 'including', 'nonlinear', 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709.116 | The Relativistic Factor in the Orbital Dynamics of Point Masses | There is a growing population of relativistically relevant minor bodies in
the Solar System and a growing population of massive extrasolar planets with
orbits very close to the central star where relativistic effects should have
some signature. Our purpose is to review how general relativity affects the
orbital dynamics of the planetary systems and to define a suitable relativistic
correction for Solar System orbital studies when only point masses are
considered. Using relativistic formulae for the N body problem suited for a
planetary system given in the literature we present a series of numerical
orbital integrations designed to test the relevance of the effects due to the
general theory of relativity in the case of our Solar System. Comparison
between different algorithms for accounting for the relativistic corrections
are performed. Relativistic effects generated by the Sun or by the central star
are the most relevant ones and produce evident modifications in the secular
dynamics of the inner Solar System. The Kozai mechanism, for example, is
modified due to the relativistic effects on the argument of the perihelion.
Relativistic effects generated by planets instead are of very low relevance but
detectable in numerical simulations.
| astro-ph | there is a growing population of relativistically relevant minor bodies in the solar system and a growing population of massive extrasolar planets with orbits very close to the central star where relativistic effects should have some signature our purpose is to review how general relativity affects the orbital dynamics of the planetary systems and to define a suitable relativistic correction for solar system orbital studies when only point masses are considered using relativistic formulae for the n body problem suited for a planetary system given in the literature we present a series of numerical orbital integrations designed to test the relevance of the effects due to the general theory of relativity in the case of our solar system comparison between different algorithms for accounting for the relativistic corrections are performed relativistic effects generated by the sun or by the central star are the most relevant ones and produce evident modifications in the secular dynamics of the inner solar system the kozai mechanism for example is modified due to the relativistic effects on the argument of the perihelion relativistic effects generated by planets instead are of very low relevance but detectable in numerical simulations | [['there', 'is', 'a', 'growing', 'population', 'of', 'relativistically', 'relevant', 'minor', 'bodies', 'in', 'the', 'solar', 'system', 'and', 'a', 'growing', 'population', 'of', 'massive', 'extrasolar', 'planets', 'with', 'orbits', 'very', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'central', 'star', 'where', 'relativistic', 'effects', 'should', 'have', 'some', 'signature', 'our', 'purpose', 'is', 'to', 'review', 'how', 'general', 'relativity', 'affects', 'the', 'orbital', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'planetary', 'systems', 'and', 'to', 'define', 'a', 'suitable', 'relativistic', 'correction', 'for', 'solar', 'system', 'orbital', 'studies', 'when', 'only', 'point', 'masses', 'are', 'considered', 'using', 'relativistic', 'formulae', 'for', 'the', 'n', 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709.1161 | Fabrication and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal
Microcavities in Nanocrystalline Diamond | Diamond-based photonic devices offer exceptional opportunity to study cavity
QED at room temperature. Here we report fabrication and optical
characterization of high quality photonic crystal (PC) microcavities based on
nanocrystalline diamond. Fundamental modes near the emission wavelength of
negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers (637 nm) with quality factors
(Qs) as high as 585 were observed. Three-dimensional Finite-Difference
Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations were carried out and had excellent agreement
with experimental results in the values of the mode frequencies. Polarization
measurements of the modes were characterized; their anomalous behavior provides
important insights to scattering loss in these structures.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | diamondbased photonic devices offer exceptional opportunity to study cavity qed at room temperature here we report fabrication and optical characterization of high quality photonic crystal pc microcavities based on nanocrystalline diamond fundamental modes near the emission wavelength of negatively charged nitrogenvacancy nv centers 637 nm with quality factors qs as high as 585 were observed threedimensional finitedifference timedomain fdtd simulations were carried out and had excellent agreement with experimental results in the values of the mode frequencies polarization measurements of the modes were characterized their anomalous behavior provides important insights to scattering loss in these structures | [['diamondbased', 'photonic', 'devices', 'offer', 'exceptional', 'opportunity', 'to', 'study', 'cavity', 'qed', 'at', 'room', 'temperature', 'here', 'we', 'report', 'fabrication', 'and', 'optical', 'characterization', 'of', 'high', 'quality', 'photonic', 'crystal', 'pc', 'microcavities', 'based', 'on', 'nanocrystalline', 'diamond', 'fundamental', 'modes', 'near', 'the', 'emission', 'wavelength', 'of', 'negatively', 'charged', 'nitrogenvacancy', 'nv', 'centers', '637', 'nm', 'with', 'quality', 'factors', 'qs', 'as', 'high', 'as', '585', 'were', 'observed', 'threedimensional', 'finitedifference', 'timedomain', 'fdtd', 'simulations', 'were', 'carried', 'out', 'and', 'had', 'excellent', 'agreement', 'with', 'experimental', 'results', 'in', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'mode', 'frequencies', 'polarization', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'modes', 'were', 'characterized', 'their', 'anomalous', 'behavior', 'provides', 'important', 'insights', 'to', 'scattering', 'loss', 'in', 'these', 'structures']] | [-0.1161250081640901, 0.15233509839163162, -0.037504854122137964, -0.053572824403090635, -0.03716243006541239, -0.168174448296971, 0.06284044176451668, 0.5561677841469646, -0.13097448027110659, -0.3369071232955321, 0.05053869607945671, -0.33152147570702556, -0.06507649546256289, 0.24391610711245448, 0.030507052564644255, 0.12403869906741723, 0.05462073366409944, -0.09734871673572343, -0.014475582845382936, -0.14415101681758338, 0.18543484699330293, 0.12394981885154266, 0.4147163359593833, 0.07978724605830696, 0.08399201114176928, -0.03394694948898783, 0.03412394203284445, -0.027533156923406448, -0.1552179975042236, 0.10324747590736176, 0.30358477369494113, -0.06039972906485976, 0.205347330813917, -0.4428883084328845, -0.1952575749552731, -0.010479993565240875, 0.17345436085937158, 0.12234350595584449, -0.12563469622424842, -0.2726729030934318, 0.05574622318090405, -0.05101374354277747, -0.17847922152077444, -0.09300185292765188, -0.04752241481522409, -0.021743514288876515, -0.18645607736349726, 0.06622921375674196, -0.04018201766909139, 0.11911493566973756, -0.08711372529508783, -0.11552360152078715, -0.0015350316922801237, 0.07492812649797997, -0.07400546135613695, -0.012536123783017198, 0.22358337652500873, -0.07899392323937111, -0.1876943163612547, 0.3839821203534181, -0.04524430314389368, -0.04984646677439741, 0.1796394344928558, -0.2581524226504068, -0.020270466673537157, 0.1827114088421998, 0.17732381150502383, 0.08984382358903531, -0.12271284229548958, 0.014672261554854535, 0.02982230497521717, 0.21233875288938484, 0.15026020652536923, 0.20616984634815103, 0.2402917462362287, 0.2189808115387374, -0.08252072982334842, 0.16263308587804204, -0.1268191672352259, 0.004556646505079698, -0.2053968508456213, -0.14690239584888332, -0.1356400333276421, 0.11118524119471355, -0.12747737651291877, -0.16519183682006164, 0.3689918264669056, 0.10419907909817994, 0.12158923408424016, -0.06562150451403188, 0.2731509190440799, 0.0557292757742592, 0.1026296986140854, -0.015165543489274569, 0.34942033234013553, 0.1993853586294184, 0.12632985702172542, -0.3111887524331299, -0.032763004857163956, -0.059639371612623414] |
709.1162 | Cross-correlation Weak Lensing of SDSS Galaxy Clusters III:
Mass-to-light Ratios | We present measurements of the excess mass-to-light ratio measured
aroundMaxBCG galaxy clusters observed in the SDSS. This red sequence cluster
sample includes objects from small groups with masses ranging from ~5x10^{12}
to ~10^{15} M_{sun}/h. Using cross-correlation weak lensing, we measure the
excess mass density profile above the universal mean \Delta \rho(r) = \rho(r) -
\bar{\rho} for clusters in bins of richness and optical luminosity. We also
measure the excess luminosity density \Delta l(r) = l(r) - \bar{l} measured in
the z=0.25 i-band. For both mass and light, we de-project the profiles to
produce 3D mass and light profiles over scales from 25 kpc/ to 22 Mpc/h. From
these profiles we calculate the cumulative excess mass M(r) and excess light
L(r) as a function of separation from the BCG. On small scales, where \rho(r)
>> \bar{\rho}, the integrated mass-to-light profile may be interpreted as the
cluster mass-to-light ratio. We find the M/L_{200}, the mass-to-light ratio
within r_{200}, scales with cluster mass as a power law with index 0.33+/-0.02.
On large scales, where \rho(r) ~ \bar{\rho}, the M/L approaches an asymptotic
value independent of cluster richness. For small groups, the mean M/L_{200} is
much smaller than the asymptotic value, while for large clusters it is
consistent with the asymptotic value. This asymptotic value should be
proportional to the mean mass-to-light ratio of the universe <M/L>. We find
<M/L>/b^2_{ml} = 362+/-54 h (statistical). There is additional uncertainty in
the overall calibration at the ~10% level. The parameter b_{ml} is primarily a
function of the bias of the L <~ L_* galaxies used as light tracers, and should
be of order unity. Multiplying by the luminosity density in the same bandpass
we find \Omega_m/b^2_{ml} = 0.02+/-0.03, independent of the Hubble parameter.
| astro-ph | we present measurements of the excess masstolight ratio measured aroundmaxbcg galaxy clusters observed in the sdss this red sequence cluster sample includes objects from small groups with masses ranging from 5x1012 to 1015 m_sunh using crosscorrelation weak lensing we measure the excess mass density profile above the universal mean delta rhor rhor barrho for clusters in bins of richness and optical luminosity we also measure the excess luminosity density delta lr lr barl measured in the z025 iband for both mass and light we deproject the profiles to produce 3d mass and light profiles over scales from 25 kpc to 22 mpch from these profiles we calculate the cumulative excess mass mr and excess light lr as a function of separation from the bcg on small scales where rhor barrho the integrated masstolight profile may be interpreted as the cluster masstolight ratio we find the ml_200 the masstolight ratio within r_200 scales with cluster mass as a power law with index 033002 on large scales where rhor barrho the ml approaches an asymptotic value independent of cluster richness for small groups the mean ml_200 is much smaller than the asymptotic value while for large clusters it is consistent with the asymptotic value this asymptotic value should be proportional to the mean masstolight ratio of the universe ml we find mlb2_ml 36254 h statistical there is additional uncertainty in the overall calibration at the 10 level the parameter b_ml is primarily a function of the bias of the l l_ galaxies used as light tracers and should be of order unity multiplying by the luminosity density in the same bandpass we find omega_mb2_ml 002003 independent of the hubble parameter | [['we', 'present', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'excess', 'masstolight', 'ratio', 'measured', 'aroundmaxbcg', 'galaxy', 'clusters', 'observed', 'in', 'the', 'sdss', 'this', 'red', 'sequence', 'cluster', 'sample', 'includes', 'objects', 'from', 'small', 'groups', 'with', 'masses', 'ranging', 'from', 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709.1163 | The electronic properties of graphene | This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one atom
thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic
excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external
electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology.
We show that the Dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling,
confinement, and integer quantum Hall effect. We discuss the electronic
properties of graphene stacks and show that they vary with stacking order and
number of layers. Edge (surface) states in graphene are strongly dependent on
the edge termination (zigzag or armchair) and affect the physical properties of
nanoribbons. We also discuss how different types of disorder modify the Dirac
equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties. The effects
of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in single layer and
multilayer graphene are also presented.
| cond-mat.other | this article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene a one atom thick allotrope of carbon with unusual twodimensional diraclike electronic excitations the dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields or by altering sample geometry andor topology we show that the dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling confinement and integer quantum hall effect we discuss the electronic properties of graphene stacks and show that they vary with stacking order and number of layers edge surface states in graphene are strongly dependent on the edge termination zigzag or armchair and affect the physical properties of nanoribbons we also discuss how different types of disorder modify the dirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties the effects of electronelectron and electronphonon interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are also presented | [['this', 'article', 'reviews', 'the', 'basic', 'theoretical', 'aspects', 'of', 'graphene', 'a', 'one', 'atom', 'thick', 'allotrope', 'of', 'carbon', 'with', 'unusual', 'twodimensional', 'diraclike', 'electronic', 'excitations', 'the', 'dirac', 'electrons', 'can', 'be', 'controlled', 'by', 'application', 'of', 'external', 'electric', 'and', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'or', 'by', 'altering', 'sample', 'geometry', 'andor', 'topology', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'dirac', 'electrons', 'behave', 'in', 'unusual', 'ways', 'in', 'tunneling', 'confinement', 'and', 'integer', 'quantum', 'hall', 'effect', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'electronic', 'properties', 'of', 'graphene', 'stacks', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'they', 'vary', 'with', 'stacking', 'order', 'and', 'number', 'of', 'layers', 'edge', 'surface', 'states', 'in', 'graphene', 'are', 'strongly', 'dependent', 'on', 'the', 'edge', 'termination', 'zigzag', 'or', 'armchair', 'and', 'affect', 'the', 'physical', 'properties', 'of', 'nanoribbons', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'how', 'different', 'types', 'of', 'disorder', 'modify', 'the', 'dirac', 'equation', 'leading', 'to', 'unusual', 'spectroscopic', 'and', 'transport', 'properties', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'electronelectron', 'and', 'electronphonon', 'interactions', 'in', 'single', 'layer', 'and', 'multilayer', 'graphene', 'are', 'also', 'presented']] | [-0.1823193058911441, 0.212671177113341, -0.03011134432745166, 0.025750042704453666, -0.060183412774611075, -0.17095241680457865, 0.06616818669515298, 0.4308615328231152, -0.3089533382486822, -0.31609828828199615, -0.037012115988097546, -0.33555102008867305, -0.19757370222478, 0.13072140647462852, 0.03056103564069971, 0.013485807405811722, 0.03149941029782961, -0.09407191001810133, -0.08139201228091818, -0.23907780571692233, 0.3330564880203726, 0.008254164010724997, 0.3036980486974336, 0.11184385489078535, -0.016837680077963116, 0.03299767279025653, 0.0929884435136573, 0.06300949871513074, -0.13469297576249, 0.08073653129015482, 0.19766413533817168, -0.14103414221039123, 0.1700737187470161, -0.5416785703523931, -0.19930575291315714, -0.0583929888283213, 0.15652939869007398, 0.14226210945902942, -0.06588038316661277, -0.2670559764475278, 0.06501997625320285, -0.12496260067353537, -0.1459234065555063, -0.06887350152111679, -0.011274941042875465, 0.04309472830399223, -0.1719818520663387, 0.07496463056220133, 0.058012988938835275, 0.05419607205228691, -0.08998299656820524, -0.13545232480796782, -0.12197415838422983, 0.07096986834633003, 0.04072721777956231, -0.05380502336429081, 0.2300074034390728, -0.1573831706520413, -0.14369968889092188, 0.39206509945401247, -0.04875286356832805, -0.151513516680216, 0.1989160674603899, -0.15748539578803963, -0.09133977099470254, 0.0907986499166683, 0.13385321723130209, 0.08445947433010324, -0.11859330056113718, 0.10229446012290545, -0.022183951648438106, 0.1050936439094822, 0.06869852897184699, 0.16757315716814195, 0.2741740004318105, 0.1531078520372672, 0.037714529613815787, 0.1447316868309998, -0.08944326371082739, 0.01354592078048196, -0.2256993400540365, -0.21169524321136862, -0.18444505144092863, 0.11076249049274602, -0.059870608531417784, -0.23530260671564526, 0.47015950256162253, 0.16899648962366948, 0.15647209757277608, -0.11165889518578416, 0.23354324844557847, 0.12373308380863265, 0.04416229340342292, 0.03514483512001301, 0.23930449778149984, 0.1648223862470384, 0.07323742974077121, -0.2693988384452878, 0.05067493244701916, 0.007656555401795692] |
709.1164 | The Nature of the Dense Core Population in the Pipe Nebula: Thermal
Cores Under Pressure | In this paper we present the results of a systematic investigation of an
entire population of starless dust cores within a single molecular cloud.
Analysis of extinction data shows the cores to be dense objects characterized
by a narrow range of density. Analysis of C18O and NH3 molecular-line
observations reveals very narrow lines. The non-thermal velocity dispersions
measured in both these tracers are found to be subsonic for the large majority
of the cores and show no correlation with core mass (or size). Thermal pressure
is thus the dominate source of internal gas pressure and support for most of
the core population. The total internal gas pressures of the cores are found to
be roughly independent of core mass over the entire range of the core mass
function (CMF) indicating that the cores are in pressure equilibrium with an
external source of pressure. This external pressure is most likely provided by
the weight of the surrounding Pipe cloud within which the cores are embedded.
Most of the cores appear to be pressure confined, gravitationally unbound
entities whose nature, structure and future evolution are determined by only a
few physical factors which include self-gravity, the fundamental processes of
thermal physics and the simple requirement of pressure equilibrium with the
surrounding environment. The observed core properties likely constitute the
initial conditions for star formation in dense gas. The entire core population
is found to be characterized by a single critical Bonnor-Ebert mass. This mass
coincides with the characteristic mass of the Pipe CMF indicating that most
cores formed in the cloud are near critical stability. This suggests that the
mass function of cores (and the IMF) has its origin in the physical process of
thermal fragmentation in a pressurized medium.
| astro-ph | in this paper we present the results of a systematic investigation of an entire population of starless dust cores within a single molecular cloud analysis of extinction data shows the cores to be dense objects characterized by a narrow range of density analysis of c18o and nh3 molecularline observations reveals very narrow lines the nonthermal velocity dispersions measured in both these tracers are found to be subsonic for the large majority of the cores and show no correlation with core mass or size thermal pressure is thus the dominate source of internal gas pressure and support for most of the core population the total internal gas pressures of the cores are found to be roughly independent of core mass over the entire range of the core mass function cmf indicating that the cores are in pressure equilibrium with an external source of pressure this external pressure is most likely provided by the weight of the surrounding pipe cloud within which the cores are embedded most of the cores appear to be pressure confined gravitationally unbound entities whose nature structure and future evolution are determined by only a few physical factors which include selfgravity the fundamental processes of thermal physics and the simple requirement of pressure equilibrium with the surrounding environment the observed core properties likely constitute the initial conditions for star formation in dense gas the entire core population is found to be characterized by a single critical bonnorebert mass this mass coincides with the characteristic mass of the pipe cmf indicating that most cores formed in the cloud are near critical stability this suggests that the mass function of cores and the imf has its origin in the physical process of thermal fragmentation in a pressurized medium | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'present', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'systematic', 'investigation', 'of', 'an', 'entire', 'population', 'of', 'starless', 'dust', 'cores', 'within', 'a', 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709.1165 | On a class of weighted anisotropic Sobolev inequalities | In this article, motivated by a work of Caffarelli and Cordoba in phase
transitions analysis, we prove new weighted anisotropic Sobolev type
inequalities, that is Sobolev type inequalities where different derivatives
have different weight functions. The inequalities we are dealing with, are also
intimately connected to weighted Sobolev inequalities for Grushin type
operators, the weights being not necessarily Muckenhoupt. For example we
consider here Sobolev inequalities on finite cylinders, the weights being
different powers of the distance function from the top and the bottom of the
cylinder. We also prove similar inequalities in the more general case in which
the weight is the distance function from an higher codimension part of the
boundary.
| math.AP math.FA | in this article motivated by a work of caffarelli and cordoba in phase transitions analysis we prove new weighted anisotropic sobolev type inequalities that is sobolev type inequalities where different derivatives have different weight functions the inequalities we are dealing with are also intimately connected to weighted sobolev inequalities for grushin type operators the weights being not necessarily muckenhoupt for example we consider here sobolev inequalities on finite cylinders the weights being different powers of the distance function from the top and the bottom of the cylinder we also prove similar inequalities in the more general case in which the weight is the distance function from an higher codimension part of the boundary | [['in', 'this', 'article', 'motivated', 'by', 'a', 'work', 'of', 'caffarelli', 'and', 'cordoba', 'in', 'phase', 'transitions', 'analysis', 'we', 'prove', 'new', 'weighted', 'anisotropic', 'sobolev', 'type', 'inequalities', 'that', 'is', 'sobolev', 'type', 'inequalities', 'where', 'different', 'derivatives', 'have', 'different', 'weight', 'functions', 'the', 'inequalities', 'we', 'are', 'dealing', 'with', 'are', 'also', 'intimately', 'connected', 'to', 'weighted', 'sobolev', 'inequalities', 'for', 'grushin', 'type', 'operators', 'the', 'weights', 'being', 'not', 'necessarily', 'muckenhoupt', 'for', 'example', 'we', 'consider', 'here', 'sobolev', 'inequalities', 'on', 'finite', 'cylinders', 'the', 'weights', 'being', 'different', 'powers', 'of', 'the', 'distance', 'function', 'from', 'the', 'top', 'and', 'the', 'bottom', 'of', 'the', 'cylinder', 'we', 'also', 'prove', 'similar', 'inequalities', 'in', 'the', 'more', 'general', 'case', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'weight', 'is', 'the', 'distance', 'function', 'from', 'an', 'higher', 'codimension', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'boundary']] | [-0.09803857912610293, 0.11660362872930215, -0.027407227984456495, 0.09591519379827598, -0.09486233553255752, -0.16046654096334778, -0.006396320986404883, 0.34403544140204917, -0.3230680142100736, -0.18410916786344178, 0.12726932226276372, -0.32266510948868454, -0.12749179560625185, 0.20285476994725454, -0.11426793390563565, 0.04813163224772542, 0.02081772063619795, 0.022159208419971762, -0.12634330706267033, -0.26571737812724855, 0.45587890225965366, -0.0494564043149863, 0.22510449692969564, 0.09351333315212247, 0.0011355242010955987, -0.02337398270837369, -0.016081078415087515, 0.0014377555076395517, -0.2051567575810977, 0.17464487903866818, 0.23526014272222476, 0.045050006714212686, 0.3100916903828625, -0.40734795068876933, -0.18549583209968926, 0.1877413381435043, 0.0951585970753062, 0.014937198237697305, -0.007148777829731436, -0.2953799055967546, 0.060142578736392664, -0.10346977781932966, -0.1712805737444587, -0.03913723706655138, 0.010826972886029861, 0.09028417574637364, -0.29239701693547904, 0.127968332791532, 0.07613246292864854, 0.04468028383139949, -0.12756197272379577, -0.12897363685759658, 0.014146929825202817, 0.04177135761942616, 0.020621181678941752, 0.04587084207548842, 0.024630591038416708, -0.07967477445325823, -0.11769186997110337, 0.27915618181706664, -0.025638958039503973, -0.27474544673696555, 0.13012960950011568, -0.17376017784370126, -0.1438692701255194, 0.014142272293369854, 0.1705549249953005, 0.18769373296372657, -0.1290410154012848, 0.10423148570034191, -0.06250744476086105, 0.08093676691982005, 0.10451054800120471, 0.05819423839015128, 0.04579465207025672, 0.05574546151060974, 0.1558847997885659, 0.18343467193663912, -0.025834895962997612, -0.09633022508958965, -0.3776419876324656, -0.197843348722806, -0.21281303054306952, 0.06240646987321552, -0.18747837295054162, -0.1702933417946364, 0.3706077007428471, 0.04388075191692441, 0.19125661188818976, 0.1014347335795534, 0.17955598226888517, 0.15096638264315845, 0.09886420148103374, 0.08810259136412524, 0.22932925990131575, 0.16253580186573738, 0.1086238806271942, -0.1029920579939751, 0.054374779976875544, 0.20922099205508696] |
709.1166 | An Optimal Linear Time Algorithm for Quasi-Monotonic Segmentation | Monotonicity is a simple yet significant qualitative characteristic. We
consider the problem of segmenting a sequence in up to K segments. We want
segments to be as monotonic as possible and to alternate signs. We propose a
quality metric for this problem using the l_inf norm, and we present an optimal
linear time algorithm based on novel formalism. Moreover, given a
precomputation in time O(n log n) consisting of a labeling of all extrema, we
compute any optimal segmentation in constant time. We compare experimentally
its performance to two piecewise linear segmentation heuristics (top-down and
bottom-up). We show that our algorithm is faster and more accurate.
Applications include pattern recognition and qualitative modeling.
| cs.DB | monotonicity is a simple yet significant qualitative characteristic we consider the problem of segmenting a sequence in up to k segments we want segments to be as monotonic as possible and to alternate signs we propose a quality metric for this problem using the l_inf norm and we present an optimal linear time algorithm based on novel formalism moreover given a precomputation in time on log n consisting of a labeling of all extrema we compute any optimal segmentation in constant time we compare experimentally its performance to two piecewise linear segmentation heuristics topdown and bottomup we show that our algorithm is faster and more accurate applications include pattern recognition and qualitative modeling | [['monotonicity', 'is', 'a', 'simple', 'yet', 'significant', 'qualitative', 'characteristic', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'segmenting', 'a', 'sequence', 'in', 'up', 'to', 'k', 'segments', 'we', 'want', 'segments', 'to', 'be', 'as', 'monotonic', 'as', 'possible', 'and', 'to', 'alternate', 'signs', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'quality', 'metric', 'for', 'this', 'problem', 'using', 'the', 'l_inf', 'norm', 'and', 'we', 'present', 'an', 'optimal', 'linear', 'time', 'algorithm', 'based', 'on', 'novel', 'formalism', 'moreover', 'given', 'a', 'precomputation', 'in', 'time', 'on', 'log', 'n', 'consisting', 'of', 'a', 'labeling', 'of', 'all', 'extrema', 'we', 'compute', 'any', 'optimal', 'segmentation', 'in', 'constant', 'time', 'we', 'compare', 'experimentally', 'its', 'performance', 'to', 'two', 'piecewise', 'linear', 'segmentation', 'heuristics', 'topdown', 'and', 'bottomup', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'our', 'algorithm', 'is', 'faster', 'and', 'more', 'accurate', 'applications', 'include', 'pattern', 'recognition', 'and', 'qualitative', 'modeling']] | [-0.10573623343206019, 0.014978111090176672, -0.08859578128806234, 0.050653603124696, -0.10078718669895924, -0.1485881974623926, 0.07768298081324262, 0.4906287847367008, -0.267702968997172, -0.29326647052549615, 0.06819844610712994, -0.25067649522911656, -0.1903677508420418, 0.1856264192775815, -0.11212714927155623, 0.09815062224850536, 0.06423895011153237, 0.05674026781215077, -0.08894350190607798, -0.24903488935762605, 0.24915254426773933, 0.008289598052150907, 0.24803416625868563, 0.04411964319580424, 0.1351997892174507, -0.006893910228612676, -0.015584821161706891, 0.04301865693836976, -0.13742224784163332, 0.12186879441925053, 0.27202912583427946, 0.1709775960039908, 0.28792154826059013, -0.4202541806529054, -0.16682692367451646, 0.13592911290779577, 0.15451170701896194, 0.11960286546531504, -0.05605504047797799, -0.2168981972092812, 0.13309791771719742, -0.09902593419594542, -0.03735553733468781, -0.11867724771949306, 0.04663085330904058, -0.024620517639163057, -0.29530784599812687, 0.06721103422970107, 0.059309916768585685, 0.04214382682622007, -0.07693112449230115, -0.09063307169116044, 0.07895482306170847, 0.14254077575870056, 0.0005442056201184086, 0.06549790206950455, 0.07324183679935811, -0.10627844916302216, -0.14624359287461677, 0.3628723609417809, -0.11091066686749722, -0.22031575122403096, 0.18246300432489015, -0.04781806976658053, -0.1559610686355592, 0.1005360566458739, 0.22081264593861008, 0.20395356406812118, -0.11888899036633692, 0.04379152402073656, -0.06061393283183925, 0.1943985499787779, 0.09094382014817896, -0.01836003710524039, 0.13424141706890566, 0.2112775027537636, 0.10746635355578686, 0.17104944055467283, -0.0645211647322352, -0.05077650001431214, -0.2838077064957964, -0.15751744002641196, -0.155969302442988, 0.004212916385695602, -0.1313822018305835, -0.19118471656291358, 0.41944122159507424, 0.18606129274662353, 0.25855735857894774, 0.1498950867773553, 0.33210670553246696, 0.09731980871751213, 0.014106922653149319, 0.0966265318354806, 0.14275092392051345, 0.01513821555021326, 0.05889884922323765, -0.2160516595467925, 0.07210145096616012, 0.10066141800097791] |
709.1167 | Using RDF to Model the Structure and Process of Systems | Many systems can be described in terms of networks of discrete elements and
their various relationships to one another. A semantic network, or
multi-relational network, is a directed labeled graph consisting of a
heterogeneous set of entities connected by a heterogeneous set of
relationships. Semantic networks serve as a promising general-purpose modeling
substrate for complex systems. Various standardized formats and tools are now
available to support practical, large-scale semantic network models. First, the
Resource Description Framework (RDF) offers a standardized semantic network
data model that can be further formalized by ontology modeling languages such
as RDF Schema (RDFS) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL). Second, the recent
introduction of highly performant triple-stores (i.e. semantic network
databases) allows semantic network models on the order of $10^9$ edges to be
efficiently stored and manipulated. RDF and its related technologies are
currently used extensively in the domains of computer science, digital library
science, and the biological sciences. This article will provide an introduction
to RDF/RDFS/OWL and an examination of its suitability to model discrete element
complex systems.
| cs.AI | many systems can be described in terms of networks of discrete elements and their various relationships to one another a semantic network or multirelational network is a directed labeled graph consisting of a heterogeneous set of entities connected by a heterogeneous set of relationships semantic networks serve as a promising generalpurpose modeling substrate for complex systems various standardized formats and tools are now available to support practical largescale semantic network models first the resource description framework rdf offers a standardized semantic network data model that can be further formalized by ontology modeling languages such as rdf schema rdfs and the web ontology language owl second the recent introduction of highly performant triplestores ie semantic network databases allows semantic network models on the order of 109 edges to be efficiently stored and manipulated rdf and its related technologies are currently used extensively in the domains of computer science digital library science and the biological sciences this article will provide an introduction to rdfrdfsowl and an examination of its suitability to model discrete element complex systems | [['many', 'systems', 'can', 'be', 'described', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'networks', 'of', 'discrete', 'elements', 'and', 'their', 'various', 'relationships', 'to', 'one', 'another', 'a', 'semantic', 'network', 'or', 'multirelational', 'network', 'is', 'a', 'directed', 'labeled', 'graph', 'consisting', 'of', 'a', 'heterogeneous', 'set', 'of', 'entities', 'connected', 'by', 'a', 'heterogeneous', 'set', 'of', 'relationships', 'semantic', 'networks', 'serve', 'as', 'a', 'promising', 'generalpurpose', 'modeling', 'substrate', 'for', 'complex', 'systems', 'various', 'standardized', 'formats', 'and', 'tools', 'are', 'now', 'available', 'to', 'support', 'practical', 'largescale', 'semantic', 'network', 'models', 'first', 'the', 'resource', 'description', 'framework', 'rdf', 'offers', 'a', 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709.1168 | Supersymmetric Giant Graviton Solutions in AdS_3 | We parameterize all classical probe brane configurations that preserve 4
supersymmetries in (a) the extremal D1-D5 geometry, (b) the extremal D1-D5-P
geometry, (c) the smooth D1-D5 solutions proposed by Lunin and Mathur and (d)
global $AdS_3 \times S_3 \times T^4/K3$. These configurations consist of D1
branes, D5 branes and bound states of D5 and D1 branes with the property that a
particular Killing vector is tangent to the brane worldvolume at each point. We
show that the supersymmetric sector of the D5 brane worldvolume theory may be
analyzed in an effective 1+1 dimensional framework that places it on the same
footing as D1 branes. In global AdS and the corresponding Lunin-Mathur
solution, the solutions we describe are `bound' to the center of AdS for
generic parameters and cannot escape to infinity. We show that these probes
only exist on the submanifold of moduli space where the background $B_{NS}$
field and theta angle vanish. We quantize these probes in the near horizon
region of the extremal D1-D5 geometry and obtain the theory of long strings
discussed by Seiberg and Witten.
| hep-th | we parameterize all classical probe brane configurations that preserve 4 supersymmetries in a the extremal d1d5 geometry b the extremal d1d5p geometry c the smooth d1d5 solutions proposed by lunin and mathur and d global ads_3 times s_3 times t4k3 these configurations consist of d1 branes d5 branes and bound states of d5 and d1 branes with the property that a particular killing vector is tangent to the brane worldvolume at each point we show that the supersymmetric sector of the d5 brane worldvolume theory may be analyzed in an effective 11 dimensional framework that places it on the same footing as d1 branes in global ads and the corresponding luninmathur solution the solutions we describe are bound to the center of ads for generic parameters and cannot escape to infinity we show that these probes only exist on the submanifold of moduli space where the background b_ns field and theta angle vanish we quantize these probes in the near horizon region of the extremal d1d5 geometry and obtain the theory of long strings discussed by seiberg and witten | [['we', 'parameterize', 'all', 'classical', 'probe', 'brane', 'configurations', 'that', 'preserve', '4', 'supersymmetries', 'in', 'a', 'the', 'extremal', 'd1d5', 'geometry', 'b', 'the', 'extremal', 'd1d5p', 'geometry', 'c', 'the', 'smooth', 'd1d5', 'solutions', 'proposed', 'by', 'lunin', 'and', 'mathur', 'and', 'd', 'global', 'ads_3', 'times', 's_3', 'times', 't4k3', 'these', 'configurations', 'consist', 'of', 'd1', 'branes', 'd5', 'branes', 'and', 'bound', 'states', 'of', 'd5', 'and', 'd1', 'branes', 'with', 'the', 'property', 'that', 'a', 'particular', 'killing', 'vector', 'is', 'tangent', 'to', 'the', 'brane', 'worldvolume', 'at', 'each', 'point', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'supersymmetric', 'sector', 'of', 'the', 'd5', 'brane', 'worldvolume', 'theory', 'may', 'be', 'analyzed', 'in', 'an', 'effective', '11', 'dimensional', 'framework', 'that', 'places', 'it', 'on', 'the', 'same', 'footing', 'as', 'd1', 'branes', 'in', 'global', 'ads', 'and', 'the', 'corresponding', 'luninmathur', 'solution', 'the', 'solutions', 'we', 'describe', 'are', 'bound', 'to', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'ads', 'for', 'generic', 'parameters', 'and', 'can', 'not', 'escape', 'to', 'infinity', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'these', 'probes', 'only', 'exist', 'on', 'the', 'submanifold', 'of', 'moduli', 'space', 'where', 'the', 'background', 'b_ns', 'field', 'and', 'theta', 'angle', 'vanish', 'we', 'quantize', 'these', 'probes', 'in', 'the', 'near', 'horizon', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'extremal', 'd1d5', 'geometry', 'and', 'obtain', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'long', 'strings', 'discussed', 'by', 'seiberg', 'and', 'witten']] | [-0.16100066374573443, 0.14487995380129884, -0.04990994257128073, 0.1027523498031466, -0.05708529379270557, -0.2043018219837298, -0.014684356874527616, 0.2805080348250663, -0.1472142324394857, -0.22189113119513623, 0.13171349270511806, -0.31164877619594333, -0.13670387411515952, 0.083040924604413, -0.08064923253469816, 0.015377714495278067, -0.0330672747352057, 0.07281429490281476, -0.08182910776360788, -0.28923335961169666, 0.3526010714833521, -0.007715452110601796, 0.28291755538472596, 0.038205582117209105, 0.10937406085075863, -0.004986401030004749, 0.05483823905233294, 0.029778502741666872, -0.18271698921424911, 0.0885671016511171, 0.24072322610558736, 0.11713540923729952, 0.045380090347801647, -0.4617636791119973, -0.1850959734480259, 0.10550494371758153, 0.20425329198025996, 0.14015791404850056, 0.026878286903310154, -0.28598182304348385, 0.0862115168840521, -0.10608738964381498, -0.20725147336682614, -0.07757824978584217, 0.0700656151793535, -0.07890344303127171, -0.21537620806290458, 0.02263776550906995, 0.047752367216162384, 0.00018087447776148717, -0.11113726652693004, -0.07212424911138239, -0.1360421730257157, 0.06698489748070845, 0.1517528417843601, 0.07944284404834939, 0.15055600181480663, -0.13173062541678116, -0.1313247493293602, 0.2713778577072339, -0.06500971677920056, -0.26369305148513783, 0.15480346641399795, -0.18612351971807786, -0.12102180174810605, 0.08544613533627449, 0.11076868153613759, 0.24111409098582548, -0.09391113434814745, 0.24257304779376782, -0.043477589934546916, 0.11787101324314588, 0.1693389176229377, 0.057339277824697395, 0.2737863359196732, 0.055615673368124084, 0.0832621535881319, 0.13634235249353677, -0.0602073725785077, -0.11972849072012146, -0.4198484286174385, -0.12943714589928276, -0.10511159024447099, 0.15002964600644192, -0.20221332773079564, -0.14291494838220792, 0.3498303378544127, 0.07694475144639404, 0.2146463208883587, 0.007358155860048201, 0.15725744533249073, 0.03924956532654404, 0.02666230579391898, 0.11296606486559742, 0.27941535705208986, 0.0874670122918259, 0.07966930170465882, -0.2293799995124573, -0.17373348508909758, 0.19429592133059892] |
709.1169 | The K+K+ Scattering Length from Lattice QCD | The K+K+ scattering length is calculated in fully-dynamical lattice QCD with
domain-wall valence quarks on the MILC asqtad-improved gauge configurations
with rooted staggered sea quarks. Three-flavor mixed-action chiral perturbation
theory at next-to-leading order, which includes the leading effects of the
finite lattice spacing, is used to extrapolate the results of the lattice
calculation to the physical value of m_{K+}/f_{K+}. We find m_{K+} a_{K+K+} =
-0.352 +- 0.016, where the statistical and systematic errors have been combined
in quadrature.
| hep-lat hep-ph nucl-th | the kk scattering length is calculated in fullydynamical lattice qcd with domainwall valence quarks on the milc asqtadimproved gauge configurations with rooted staggered sea quarks threeflavor mixedaction chiral perturbation theory at nexttoleading order which includes the leading effects of the finite lattice spacing is used to extrapolate the results of the lattice calculation to the physical value of m_kf_k we find m_k a_kk 0352 0016 where the statistical and systematic errors have been combined in quadrature | [['the', 'kk', 'scattering', 'length', 'is', 'calculated', 'in', 'fullydynamical', 'lattice', 'qcd', 'with', 'domainwall', 'valence', 'quarks', 'on', 'the', 'milc', 'asqtadimproved', 'gauge', 'configurations', 'with', 'rooted', 'staggered', 'sea', 'quarks', 'threeflavor', 'mixedaction', 'chiral', 'perturbation', 'theory', 'at', 'nexttoleading', 'order', 'which', 'includes', 'the', 'leading', 'effects', 'of', 'the', 'finite', 'lattice', 'spacing', 'is', 'used', 'to', 'extrapolate', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'the', 'lattice', 'calculation', 'to', 'the', 'physical', 'value', 'of', 'm_kf_k', 'we', 'find', 'm_k', 'a_kk', '0352', '0016', 'where', 'the', 'statistical', 'and', 'systematic', 'errors', 'have', 'been', 'combined', 'in', 'quadrature']] | [-0.10239002480482062, 0.32579148542756836, -0.11034241763874889, 0.08035923655765752, -0.024008241873234512, -0.03711888328194618, 0.09698793451456975, 0.3845627062767744, -0.1356541972917815, -0.21449865569670995, 0.021939013795927168, -0.3488017300268014, 0.002579729904731115, 0.03570225455177327, 0.06265345556040605, 0.11710393600786725, 0.05909082497547691, 0.00782080794374148, -0.14239751850875715, -0.2420526855625212, 0.27687530002867183, -0.01406629623224338, 0.25131195336580275, 0.1805876899138093, 0.01897746923690041, 0.012407903826485078, -0.05760860559375336, -0.05264532660444578, -0.1526051589039465, 0.03425641872609655, 0.15962159569064777, -0.10892923785063127, 0.08821872139349579, -0.3699869810044765, -0.18780118716259797, 0.026383537308623393, 0.12118086233735084, 0.1556925420012946, 0.0631350391280527, -0.2751671192670862, 0.11346765013411642, -0.19291992423745494, -0.17415454347462703, -0.13502709455167253, -0.046957757398486136, -0.08633299014220636, -0.3652498183151086, 0.07674215809131663, -0.10711073098704219, 0.12252447776302385, 0.05269542429596186, -0.30445453606545925, -0.08432098794107636, 0.08180051285773515, 0.08883752163965256, 0.1539913504819075, 0.061183153497986496, -0.08642775508885582, -0.17044158849554758, 0.5112123215198516, -0.07511527476987491, -0.18336587384343148, 0.05733549083272616, -0.1771442915002505, -0.12432420703272025, 0.11491433909162879, 0.18660346882107356, 0.056258129604005565, -0.13499787891283632, 0.13042318147063875, -0.03626251690710584, 0.22518509629648178, 0.10286661903063456, 0.028967339374745885, 0.21294845722615718, 0.16657026056510707, -0.01941185029534002, 0.06254982349462807, -0.07391562626076241, -0.1815047352015972, -0.3400317881007989, 0.023678030014658968, -0.1622629960005482, 0.0791548200075825, -0.16102638768633673, -0.199534730091691, 0.3681918183217446, 0.169540893578281, 0.12891330275684595, 0.018628667700104417, 0.23754453028241793, 0.10786815835783879, 0.11144470085700353, 0.05229429273148223, 0.23675142450258135, 0.21814582308909544, 0.07202755061909556, -0.36540373123716563, -0.15243547081326445, 0.17552502604822318] |
709.117 | Inflation from Wrapped Branes | We show that the use of higher dimensional wrapped branes can significantly
extend the inflaton field range compared to brane inflation models which use
D3-branes. We construct a simple inflationary model in terms of 5-branes
wrapping a 2-cycle and traveling towards the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler
throat. Inflation ends when the branes reach the tip of the cone and
self-annihilate. Assuming a quadratic potential for the brane it is possible to
match the CMB data in the DBI regime, but we argue that the backreaction of the
brane is important and cannot be neglected. This scenario predicts a strong
non-Gaussian signal and possibly detectable gravitational waves.
| hep-th astro-ph | we show that the use of higher dimensional wrapped branes can significantly extend the inflaton field range compared to brane inflation models which use d3branes we construct a simple inflationary model in terms of 5branes wrapping a 2cycle and traveling towards the tip of the klebanovstrassler throat inflation ends when the branes reach the tip of the cone and selfannihilate assuming a quadratic potential for the brane it is possible to match the cmb data in the dbi regime but we argue that the backreaction of the brane is important and cannot be neglected this scenario predicts a strong nongaussian signal and possibly detectable gravitational waves | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'higher', 'dimensional', 'wrapped', 'branes', 'can', 'significantly', 'extend', 'the', 'inflaton', 'field', 'range', 'compared', 'to', 'brane', 'inflation', 'models', 'which', 'use', 'd3branes', 'we', 'construct', 'a', 'simple', 'inflationary', 'model', 'in', 'terms', 'of', '5branes', 'wrapping', 'a', '2cycle', 'and', 'traveling', 'towards', 'the', 'tip', 'of', 'the', 'klebanovstrassler', 'throat', 'inflation', 'ends', 'when', 'the', 'branes', 'reach', 'the', 'tip', 'of', 'the', 'cone', 'and', 'selfannihilate', 'assuming', 'a', 'quadratic', 'potential', 'for', 'the', 'brane', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'match', 'the', 'cmb', 'data', 'in', 'the', 'dbi', 'regime', 'but', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'the', 'backreaction', 'of', 'the', 'brane', 'is', 'important', 'and', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'neglected', 'this', 'scenario', 'predicts', 'a', 'strong', 'nongaussian', 'signal', 'and', 'possibly', 'detectable', 'gravitational', 'waves']] | [-0.17082211241848488, 0.13091747688181768, -0.10673895945650673, 0.1456337130474031, -0.1205117774204673, -0.17816028897171823, -0.0188579994806515, 0.2914325040721587, -0.19288110658178262, -0.24758780969602762, 0.08416591879419948, -0.2568938471463935, -0.1388358622789383, 0.1335182049067987, -0.08474338175582379, -0.04596151703115657, 0.03741034131418809, 0.016969090327620506, -0.008127461636338871, -0.2759408407570429, 0.33281709947492755, 0.06086864488669366, 0.24743368351292389, 0.052577076649519605, 0.10381813713884695, -0.07849137052005836, 0.06080455731200141, 0.034062803582294854, -0.13506842519128892, 0.07317150985630595, 0.17561190597274123, 0.08927244454552637, 0.12924019723834695, -0.48752735234866634, -0.26245231707972067, 0.15822243267356387, 0.21945182989551643, 0.21751756581725884, -0.00470567760971662, -0.2850249265538198, 0.0610664480672627, -0.1568904591323895, -0.16614966860441405, -0.03269461501676972, -0.011040198236973695, -0.07174952258791113, -0.2517041915148566, 0.059169155272446296, 0.017535383499740997, -0.03300901572872823, -0.030952631598164405, -0.035677369185951845, -0.10126212005129206, 0.02847319704651284, 0.1534060803035309, 0.07910166299253459, 0.17935406862731987, -0.1894254514011995, -0.07670001083741261, 0.3691157483991897, -0.1584683311624435, -0.1611425781657345, 0.13192764438131702, -0.16352021542734632, -0.08193918788440038, 0.09432673499545205, 0.11208826176404396, 0.1729000939761297, -0.08518914639730568, 0.1698658794282161, 0.04832602491619709, 0.1486157279703157, 0.13566720521808645, 0.013251036801593048, 0.36511125389886934, 0.13419009067736148, 0.08059221383393089, 0.16239668246876518, -0.09114892695046892, -0.08543163085428163, -0.42231658268197675, -0.08425229041027689, -0.11825159842270279, 0.0739407362167508, -0.18317721520113175, -0.18225094474956532, 0.3753627522796323, 0.14161422445436625, 0.21577281136692406, 0.06183532173701815, 0.26048489124622964, 0.07675779170996432, 0.06026626146337557, 0.05530394243389786, 0.3287990296860095, 0.07332986483576699, 0.10500519074255897, -0.21653439432695926, -0.09215989106478362, 0.046768754550960856] |
709.1171 | Counting Giant Gravitons in AdS_3 | We quantize the set of all quarter BPS brane probe solutions in global AdS_3
\times S^3 \times T^4/K3 found in arxiv:0709.1168 [hep-th]. We show that,
generically, these solutions give rise to states in discrete representations of
the SL(2,R) WZW model on AdS_3. Our procedure provides us with a detailed
description of the low energy 1/4 and 1/2 BPS sectors of string theory on this
background. The 1/4 BPS partition function jumps as we move off the point in
moduli space where the bulk theta angle and NS-NS fields vanish. We show that
generic 1/2 BPS states are protected because they correspond to geodesics
rather than puffed up branes. By exactly quantizing the simplest of the probes
above, we verify our description of 1/4 BPS states and find agreement with the
known spectrum of 1/2 BPS states of the boundary theory. We also consider the
contribution of these probes to the elliptic genus and discuss puzzles, and
their possible resolutions, in reproducing the elliptic genus of the symmetric
product.
| hep-th | we quantize the set of all quarter bps brane probe solutions in global ads_3 times s3 times t4k3 found in arxiv07091168 hepth we show that generically these solutions give rise to states in discrete representations of the sl2r wzw model on ads_3 our procedure provides us with a detailed description of the low energy 14 and 12 bps sectors of string theory on this background the 14 bps partition function jumps as we move off the point in moduli space where the bulk theta angle and nsns fields vanish we show that generic 12 bps states are protected because they correspond to geodesics rather than puffed up branes by exactly quantizing the simplest of the probes above we verify our description of 14 bps states and find agreement with the known spectrum of 12 bps states of the boundary theory we also consider the contribution of these probes to the elliptic genus and discuss puzzles and their possible resolutions in reproducing the elliptic genus of the symmetric product | [['we', 'quantize', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'all', 'quarter', 'bps', 'brane', 'probe', 'solutions', 'in', 'global', 'ads_3', 'times', 's3', 'times', 't4k3', 'found', 'in', 'arxiv07091168', 'hepth', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'generically', 'these', 'solutions', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'states', 'in', 'discrete', 'representations', 'of', 'the', 'sl2r', 'wzw', 'model', 'on', 'ads_3', 'our', 'procedure', 'provides', 'us', 'with', 'a', 'detailed', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'low', 'energy', '14', 'and', '12', 'bps', 'sectors', 'of', 'string', 'theory', 'on', 'this', 'background', 'the', '14', 'bps', 'partition', 'function', 'jumps', 'as', 'we', 'move', 'off', 'the', 'point', 'in', 'moduli', 'space', 'where', 'the', 'bulk', 'theta', 'angle', 'and', 'nsns', 'fields', 'vanish', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'generic', '12', 'bps', 'states', 'are', 'protected', 'because', 'they', 'correspond', 'to', 'geodesics', 'rather', 'than', 'puffed', 'up', 'branes', 'by', 'exactly', 'quantizing', 'the', 'simplest', 'of', 'the', 'probes', 'above', 'we', 'verify', 'our', 'description', 'of', '14', 'bps', 'states', 'and', 'find', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'known', 'spectrum', 'of', '12', 'bps', 'states', 'of', 'the', 'boundary', 'theory', 'we', 'also', 'consider', 'the', 'contribution', 'of', 'these', 'probes', 'to', 'the', 'elliptic', 'genus', 'and', 'discuss', 'puzzles', 'and', 'their', 'possible', 'resolutions', 'in', 'reproducing', 'the', 'elliptic', 'genus', 'of', 'the', 'symmetric', 'product']] | [-0.14021241437074936, 0.14174924239454914, -0.062443002464506264, 0.12434844218381307, -0.035976757882386, -0.14063723832870761, 0.0262619927623114, 0.3036538963345532, -0.1844021677747815, -0.3121361721719721, 0.08962255740861692, -0.31019333270406296, -0.10766235361723396, 0.14819519037051784, -0.05460585165813476, 0.01993077961465868, 0.005129755131654932, 0.05607069919476966, -0.11202176749980924, -0.2696388688866986, 0.33207083592180187, -0.031740584617067955, 0.2503159195352011, 0.04268349407548866, 0.07464820197030544, -0.023975968429216458, -0.0077677638281114444, -0.02697115542083382, -0.16539223153399607, 0.11230250519231899, 0.2510111791299221, 0.03623926848546786, 0.07210094114614951, -0.4695152748420745, -0.1675621067553, 0.10025471636766155, 0.1700160650893332, 0.12705882875706087, 0.02906816621718114, -0.24632887732416034, 0.06838613840149058, -0.14568231239061646, -0.1992901341521187, -0.0827775438334291, 0.022448356883756505, -0.05728759992209648, -0.18105289574801745, 0.08038426022596719, 0.011788595103223746, 0.007838964016137723, -0.1016091456940721, -0.11137831847122062, -0.11668564813507129, 0.08370903616040544, 0.10348639135182038, 0.06644334956518413, 0.1052940913458971, -0.17672762702899555, -0.14037539064326507, 0.3028795660478983, -0.04303164853657593, -0.21512520953477499, 0.14010566202254443, -0.18858478390813865, -0.15621718168983648, 0.12337458502322793, 0.09835797002030855, 0.18973243763268796, -0.05611155708571394, 0.16122847809968655, -0.06636364915489057, 0.1496025696224296, 0.1190783121730452, 0.056758281406359176, 0.2629007717293358, 0.06139585879543506, 0.05747596348752965, 0.15482347186454043, -0.07356039230247491, -0.1406212483855483, -0.4039168255096915, -0.1306528792225806, -0.07863583273190201, 0.15558764170074535, -0.11014328613097593, -0.17319908311512477, 0.43379958472242525, 0.09930728973045633, 0.22823203929482463, 0.08290549849779039, 0.15938520321098273, 0.07738215089707655, 0.04000511943518803, 0.11618399964701273, 0.24283605416285844, 0.1272256211823823, 0.05245319734645372, -0.2081841665088662, -0.13117216824565062, 0.12930850009852185] |
709.1172 | Galaxy Evolution and Star Formation Efficiency in the Last Half of the
Universe | We present the results of a CO(1-0) emission survey with the IRAM 30m of 30
galaxies at moderate redshift (z ~ 0.2-0.6) to explore galaxy evolution and in
particular the star formation efficiency, in the redshift range filling the gap
between local and very high-z objects. Our detection rate is about 50%. One of
the bright objects was mapped at high resolution with the IRAM interferometer,
and about 50% of the total emission found in the 27 arcsec (97 kpc) single dish
beam is recovered by the interferometer, suggesting the presence of extended
emission. The FIR-to-CO luminosity ratio is enhanced, following the increasing
trend observed between local and high-z ultra-luminous starbursts.
| astro-ph | we present the results of a co10 emission survey with the iram 30m of 30 galaxies at moderate redshift z 0206 to explore galaxy evolution and in particular the star formation efficiency in the redshift range filling the gap between local and very highz objects our detection rate is about 50 one of the bright objects was mapped at high resolution with the iram interferometer and about 50 of the total emission found in the 27 arcsec 97 kpc single dish beam is recovered by the interferometer suggesting the presence of extended emission the firtoco luminosity ratio is enhanced following the increasing trend observed between local and highz ultraluminous starbursts | [['we', 'present', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'co10', 'emission', 'survey', 'with', 'the', 'iram', '30m', 'of', '30', 'galaxies', 'at', 'moderate', 'redshift', 'z', '0206', 'to', 'explore', 'galaxy', 'evolution', 'and', 'in', 'particular', 'the', 'star', 'formation', 'efficiency', 'in', 'the', 'redshift', 'range', 'filling', 'the', 'gap', 'between', 'local', 'and', 'very', 'highz', 'objects', 'our', 'detection', 'rate', 'is', 'about', '50', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'bright', 'objects', 'was', 'mapped', 'at', 'high', 'resolution', 'with', 'the', 'iram', 'interferometer', 'and', 'about', '50', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'emission', 'found', 'in', 'the', '27', 'arcsec', '97', 'kpc', 'single', 'dish', 'beam', 'is', 'recovered', 'by', 'the', 'interferometer', 'suggesting', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'extended', 'emission', 'the', 'firtoco', 'luminosity', 'ratio', 'is', 'enhanced', 'following', 'the', 'increasing', 'trend', 'observed', 'between', 'local', 'and', 'highz', 'ultraluminous', 'starbursts']] | [-0.0710487936750393, 0.06339897204042327, -0.01912215022920546, 0.08065219558669592, -0.05100454482969574, -0.07564641969193789, 0.0448212189917368, 0.4492959520694884, -0.11083446968219836, -0.40757591529664666, 0.056692903858228505, -0.3128438675522127, 0.017108359259807252, 0.13203861145302653, 0.03294165013357997, -0.04790394884449514, 0.02184427869929509, -0.16326455749380825, -0.06496241818028714, -0.25056539431045, 0.2751972102898766, 0.16148865542120555, 0.21424162082204765, -0.012434413042766128, 0.11985611570575698, -0.1265178972589307, -0.0916418767068535, -0.050242692934857176, -0.1307315446843859, 0.02046259232712063, 0.30103165511549873, 0.10158494408665733, 0.23935547574338586, -0.29046359046955, -0.16461647611577063, 0.06251055718907579, 0.17415150429376147, 0.02864138185977936, -0.03624765134670518, -0.31585001200437546, 0.0872823499566452, -0.16196944735817273, -0.1890416117342697, 0.16678805234418673, 0.02262616373429244, 0.037480202147906476, -0.16159452109766956, 0.15731903426349164, -0.03982311216585169, 0.11085278451950713, -0.08650521732528102, -0.08760842224159701, -0.06332378534557806, 0.02584028484045782, -0.04965742350852286, 0.1336992049293423, 0.20080641049637712, -0.16538172450593927, -0.03671646978790787, 0.361459258435802, -0.09708193667571653, 0.05852410771714693, 0.2319959074089473, -0.28289511681703683, -0.1724933958697048, 0.2013003594421951, 0.12237909054806964, 0.10284085428469222, -0.10707292198626832, -0.02392906934890727, 0.0008596603970297358, 0.30880263640799305, 0.09317919198762287, 0.09553298060477987, 0.3270783979996023, 0.12969539041673256, 0.05634283131327141, 0.14839952910869297, -0.30575578147862953, -0.037355891572819516, -0.22962695474588227, -0.11022308223817329, -0.12792919769946656, 0.1329913715006445, -0.15144406747104686, -0.014434205736456946, 0.31918792912143873, 0.09722817509265785, 0.2419013925193047, 0.08941126283554529, 0.27546100720170547, 0.07665639920689335, 0.11815274086018855, 0.06772894397885962, 0.32224420063536274, 0.16433215352325617, 0.11824762390249155, -0.2502389272293923, 0.03680937237698923, -0.045592336398972706] |
709.1173 | When--and how--can a cellular automaton be rewritten as a lattice gas? | Both cellular automata (CA) and lattice-gas automata (LG) provide finite
algorithmic presentations for certain classes of infinite dynamical systems
studied by symbolic dynamics; it is customary to use the term `cellular
automaton' or `lattice gas' for the dynamic system itself as well as for its
presentation. The two kinds of presentation share many traits but also display
profound differences on issues ranging from decidability to modeling
convenience and physical implementability.
Following a conjecture by Toffoli and Margolus, it had been proved by Kari
(and by Durand--Lose for more than two dimensions) that any invertible CA can
be rewritten as an LG (with a possibly much more complex ``unit cell''). But
until now it was not known whether this is possible in general for
noninvertible CA--which comprise ``almost all'' CA and represent the bulk of
examples in theory and applications. Even circumstantial evidence--whether in
favor or against--was lacking.
Here, for noninvertible CA, (a) we prove that an LG presentation is out of
the question for the vanishingly small class of surjective ones. We then turn
our attention to all the rest--noninvertible and nonsurjective--which comprise
all the typical ones, including Conway's `Game of Life'. For these (b) we prove
by explicit construction that all the one-dimensional ones are representable as
LG, and (c) we present and motivate the conjecture that this result extends to
any number of dimensions.
The tradeoff between dissipation rate and structural complexity implied by
the above results have compelling implications for the thermodynamics of
computation at a microscopic scale.
| nlin.CG | both cellular automata ca and latticegas automata lg provide finite algorithmic presentations for certain classes of infinite dynamical systems studied by symbolic dynamics it is customary to use the term cellular automaton or lattice gas for the dynamic system itself as well as for its presentation the two kinds of presentation share many traits but also display profound differences on issues ranging from decidability to modeling convenience and physical implementability following a conjecture by toffoli and margolus it had been proved by kari and by durandlose for more than two dimensions that any invertible ca can be rewritten as an lg with a possibly much more complex unit cell but until now it was not known whether this is possible in general for noninvertible cawhich comprise almost all ca and represent the bulk of examples in theory and applications even circumstantial evidencewhether in favor or againstwas lacking here for noninvertible ca a we prove that an lg presentation is out of the question for the vanishingly small class of surjective ones we then turn our attention to all the restnoninvertible and nonsurjectivewhich comprise all the typical ones including conways game of life for these b we prove by explicit construction that all the onedimensional ones are representable as lg and c we present and motivate the conjecture that this result extends to any number of dimensions the tradeoff between dissipation rate and structural complexity implied by the above results have compelling implications for the thermodynamics of computation at a microscopic scale | [['both', 'cellular', 'automata', 'ca', 'and', 'latticegas', 'automata', 'lg', 'provide', 'finite', 'algorithmic', 'presentations', 'for', 'certain', 'classes', 'of', 'infinite', 'dynamical', 'systems', 'studied', 'by', 'symbolic', 'dynamics', 'it', 'is', 'customary', 'to', 'use', 'the', 'term', 'cellular', 'automaton', 'or', 'lattice', 'gas', 'for', 'the', 'dynamic', 'system', 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709.1174 | Electrochemically Top Gated Graphene: Monitoring Dopants by Raman
Scattering | We demonstrate electrochemical top gating of graphene by using a solid
polymer electrolyte. This allows to reach much higher electron and hole doping
than standard back gating. In-situ Raman measurements monitor the doping. The G
peak stiffens and sharpens for both electron and hole doping, while the 2D peak
shows a different response to holes and electrons. Its position increases for
hole doping, while it softens for high electron doping. The variation of G peak
position is a signature of the non-adiabatic Kohn anomaly at $\Gamma$. On the
other hand, for visible excitation, the variation of the 2D peak position is
ruled by charge transfer. The intensity ratio of G and 2D peaks shows a strong
dependence on doping, making it a sensitive parameter to monitor charges.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we demonstrate electrochemical top gating of graphene by using a solid polymer electrolyte this allows to reach much higher electron and hole doping than standard back gating insitu raman measurements monitor the doping the g peak stiffens and sharpens for both electron and hole doping while the 2d peak shows a different response to holes and electrons its position increases for hole doping while it softens for high electron doping the variation of g peak position is a signature of the nonadiabatic kohn anomaly at gamma on the other hand for visible excitation the variation of the 2d peak position is ruled by charge transfer the intensity ratio of g and 2d peaks shows a strong dependence on doping making it a sensitive parameter to monitor charges | [['we', 'demonstrate', 'electrochemical', 'top', 'gating', 'of', 'graphene', 'by', 'using', 'a', 'solid', 'polymer', 'electrolyte', 'this', 'allows', 'to', 'reach', 'much', 'higher', 'electron', 'and', 'hole', 'doping', 'than', 'standard', 'back', 'gating', 'insitu', 'raman', 'measurements', 'monitor', 'the', 'doping', 'the', 'g', 'peak', 'stiffens', 'and', 'sharpens', 'for', 'both', 'electron', 'and', 'hole', 'doping', 'while', 'the', '2d', 'peak', 'shows', 'a', 'different', 'response', 'to', 'holes', 'and', 'electrons', 'its', 'position', 'increases', 'for', 'hole', 'doping', 'while', 'it', 'softens', 'for', 'high', 'electron', 'doping', 'the', 'variation', 'of', 'g', 'peak', 'position', 'is', 'a', 'signature', 'of', 'the', 'nonadiabatic', 'kohn', 'anomaly', 'at', 'gamma', 'on', 'the', 'other', 'hand', 'for', 'visible', 'excitation', 'the', 'variation', 'of', 'the', '2d', 'peak', 'position', 'is', 'ruled', 'by', 'charge', 'transfer', 'the', 'intensity', 'ratio', 'of', 'g', 'and', '2d', 'peaks', 'shows', 'a', 'strong', 'dependence', 'on', 'doping', 'making', 'it', 'a', 'sensitive', 'parameter', 'to', 'monitor', 'charges']] | [-0.10526673473219761, 0.15128353903781416, -0.025739235583716623, 0.04324670849958303, -0.03860950705917977, -0.21543143229837727, 0.14110884469875143, 0.3955015229486574, -0.23526908744009226, -0.3048271498107535, -0.016875139558614475, -0.36018351436325435, -0.053206932314810905, 0.21022717557906165, -0.006196894110950429, 0.0039185848720481725, -0.02170561846550994, -0.023857966523734838, -0.1424193628330341, -0.1512292551819059, 0.2414049842856883, 0.12460776196983386, 0.33905442765415245, 0.14625860855540657, 0.07239617705418486, 0.04459515643328076, 0.06804520729929209, 0.011522601402592002, -0.09874961105739977, 0.0315894355638114, 0.2235603065515949, -0.07802396533849436, 0.20936435529243524, -0.4009467550355384, -0.25406786320936375, -0.02013827825155784, 0.11320857739618678, 0.10392678233127542, -0.0789417470200354, -0.22314318486555354, 0.03813280915020136, -0.1338730969825598, -0.11472642129767452, -0.02636709939835109, 0.05238810334149308, -0.0043425595279651015, -0.26069830484893614, 0.1239101287879519, 0.03696153565551939, 0.02333801327727911, -0.10152446601574683, -0.10442243746709166, -0.11515531792877404, 0.066291896072693, 0.06178887686362182, 0.09450623162428108, 0.28201416612595437, -0.09619036699483889, -0.03278656695478075, 0.3321380471466036, -0.08501403187605548, -0.08614202844726992, 0.16501484092830968, -0.2571445919433975, -0.04936488236939557, 0.18792576769249528, 0.07244049448255949, 0.13217536907452415, -0.09170578069632918, 0.06325190476697364, 0.051672553287921696, 0.21915365722925056, 0.13054216842673075, 0.05434838763078836, 0.27241180702955936, 0.18640447600275337, 0.10984876686633807, 0.1003583768335919, -0.18305516396245852, 0.04547036838475761, -0.20338519526220214, -0.16674971293042026, -0.1917805043773315, 0.07961760215666586, -0.08681754572406378, -0.15870473272805138, 0.45389886114995665, 0.1063925607173931, 0.20045343108152544, -0.040387439693683594, 0.2558850328788662, 0.15582050681462525, 0.06336768704473855, 0.01631166733156039, 0.2640410909432859, 0.14181999661629713, 0.1331366691261706, -0.33015275477453715, 0.07150886018712836, 0.006631087592443612] |
709.1175 | Multiple fluxoid transitions in mesoscopic superconducting rings | The authors report magnetic measurements of fluxoid transitions in
mesoscopic, superconducting aluminum rings. The transitions are induced by
applying a flux to the ring so that the induced supercurrent approaches the
critical current. In a temperature range near $T_c$, only a single fluxoid
enters or leaves at a time, leading to a final state above the ground state.
Upon lowering the temperature, several fluxoids enter or leave at once, and the
final state approaches the ground state, which can be reached below
approximately 0.5 $T_c$. A model based on the widely used time dependent
Ginzburg-Landau theory for gapless superconductors can only explain the data if
unphysical parameters are used. Heating and quasiparticle diffusion may be
important for a quantitative understanding of this experiment, which could
provide a model system for studying the nonlinear dynamics of superconductors
far from equilibrium.
| cond-mat.supr-con | the authors report magnetic measurements of fluxoid transitions in mesoscopic superconducting aluminum rings the transitions are induced by applying a flux to the ring so that the induced supercurrent approaches the critical current in a temperature range near t_c only a single fluxoid enters or leaves at a time leading to a final state above the ground state upon lowering the temperature several fluxoids enter or leave at once and the final state approaches the ground state which can be reached below approximately 05 t_c a model based on the widely used time dependent ginzburglandau theory for gapless superconductors can only explain the data if unphysical parameters are used heating and quasiparticle diffusion may be important for a quantitative understanding of this experiment which could provide a model system for studying the nonlinear dynamics of superconductors far from equilibrium | [['the', 'authors', 'report', 'magnetic', 'measurements', 'of', 'fluxoid', 'transitions', 'in', 'mesoscopic', 'superconducting', 'aluminum', 'rings', 'the', 'transitions', 'are', 'induced', 'by', 'applying', 'a', 'flux', 'to', 'the', 'ring', 'so', 'that', 'the', 'induced', 'supercurrent', 'approaches', 'the', 'critical', 'current', 'in', 'a', 'temperature', 'range', 'near', 't_c', 'only', 'a', 'single', 'fluxoid', 'enters', 'or', 'leaves', 'at', 'a', 'time', 'leading', 'to', 'a', 'final', 'state', 'above', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'upon', 'lowering', 'the', 'temperature', 'several', 'fluxoids', 'enter', 'or', 'leave', 'at', 'once', 'and', 'the', 'final', 'state', 'approaches', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'reached', 'below', 'approximately', '05', 't_c', 'a', 'model', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'widely', 'used', 'time', 'dependent', 'ginzburglandau', 'theory', 'for', 'gapless', 'superconductors', 'can', 'only', 'explain', 'the', 'data', 'if', 'unphysical', 'parameters', 'are', 'used', 'heating', 'and', 'quasiparticle', 'diffusion', 'may', 'be', 'important', 'for', 'a', 'quantitative', 'understanding', 'of', 'this', 'experiment', 'which', 'could', 'provide', 'a', 'model', 'system', 'for', 'studying', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'dynamics', 'of', 'superconductors', 'far', 'from', 'equilibrium']] | [-0.1387453753649418, 0.23331178325436097, -0.08441442038810296, 0.05037222034465388, -0.027220027534652958, -0.15102250836521602, 0.10587255345412912, 0.3187484066186325, -0.2538070674757842, -0.2989310728479847, 0.08503922652754692, -0.30117688671411047, -0.04704904351919461, 0.18219991762144155, 0.04874541232590195, 0.03656385106238932, 0.00860683125420306, 0.07379046991394611, -0.10558094831163452, -0.18788243656334797, 0.3071757476440155, 0.04215972975110836, 0.29884748326333094, 0.08295798116102279, 0.05702763275333794, -0.05584800965487689, 0.10825758242457033, 0.051207649249754336, -0.14951563159720144, -0.006206518722523888, 0.26618070826738427, -0.009696122369454276, 0.21413274816900707, -0.46315518708350206, -0.23932844179300525, 0.07919690630016782, 0.15806524499894034, 0.16261212767115224, -0.017039373092413646, -0.29363377681069025, 0.02998519433233485, -0.1239669490739596, -0.1320171376469163, -0.09409488009945523, -0.010597121741006271, -0.02619802366888566, -0.24810857738354813, 0.10101064160238389, 0.053931979941566, 0.05064459358804303, -0.07522161968936808, -0.1336385839972176, -0.05359480347444149, 0.08093598037380256, 0.006399357425075748, 0.06491079744916382, 0.19362363556614345, -0.13954497910131491, -0.10107627977355779, 0.3184854213228757, -0.06431902631976567, -0.0886702307453044, 0.1600077280828314, -0.1486355343384655, -0.08013598692918317, 0.17868735286132467, 0.11989692681412072, 0.100037497320261, -0.14483113701475395, 0.03894014636359493, 0.0027714588531969693, 0.19719533731561262, 0.03659898134471058, 0.038213993400074, 0.2875066437497199, 0.2089834186322183, 0.04272922241357624, 0.10229354234003603, -0.09287986007398463, -0.08109579006839784, -0.2940633217904636, -0.124267528165239, -0.1807881744926889, 0.06836811308380511, -0.01053564852457862, -0.15829005612315034, 0.40109650849652806, 0.17263340913580075, 0.2201707872207002, -0.05620544753037393, 0.2654898562703094, 0.1459627778984593, 0.0700933126692506, 0.06145950166086445, 0.27199155258403407, 0.11946647198998081, 0.12908321848849383, -0.25928952102549374, 0.09953015558287609, 0.031214070714098943] |
709.1176 | On equitable zero sums | It is well-known that any sequence of at least N integers contains a
subsequence whose sum is 0 (mod N). However, there can be very few subsequences
with this property (e.g. if the initial sequence is just N 1's, then there is
only one subsequence). When the length L of the sequence is much longer, we
might expect that there are 2^L/N subsequences with this property (imagine the
subsequences have sum-of-terms uniformly distributed modulo N -- the 0 class
gets about 2^L/N subsequences); however, it is easy to see that this is
actually false. Nonetheless, we are able to prove that if the initial sequence
has length at least 4N, and N is odd, then there is a subsequence of length L >
N, having at least 2^L/N subsequences that sum to 0 mod N.
| math.CO math.NT | it is wellknown that any sequence of at least n integers contains a subsequence whose sum is 0 mod n however there can be very few subsequences with this property eg if the initial sequence is just n 1s then there is only one subsequence when the length l of the sequence is much longer we might expect that there are 2ln subsequences with this property imagine the subsequences have sumofterms uniformly distributed modulo n the 0 class gets about 2ln subsequences however it is easy to see that this is actually false nonetheless we are able to prove that if the initial sequence has length at least 4n and n is odd then there is a subsequence of length l n having at least 2ln subsequences that sum to 0 mod n | [['it', 'is', 'wellknown', 'that', 'any', 'sequence', 'of', 'at', 'least', 'n', 'integers', 'contains', 'a', 'subsequence', 'whose', 'sum', 'is', '0', 'mod', 'n', 'however', 'there', 'can', 'be', 'very', 'few', 'subsequences', 'with', 'this', 'property', 'eg', 'if', 'the', 'initial', 'sequence', 'is', 'just', 'n', '1s', 'then', 'there', 'is', 'only', 'one', 'subsequence', 'when', 'the', 'length', 'l', 'of', 'the', 'sequence', 'is', 'much', 'longer', 'we', 'might', 'expect', 'that', 'there', 'are', '2ln', 'subsequences', 'with', 'this', 'property', 'imagine', 'the', 'subsequences', 'have', 'sumofterms', 'uniformly', 'distributed', 'modulo', 'n', 'the', '0', 'class', 'gets', 'about', '2ln', 'subsequences', 'however', 'it', 'is', 'easy', 'to', 'see', 'that', 'this', 'is', 'actually', 'false', 'nonetheless', 'we', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'prove', 'that', 'if', 'the', 'initial', 'sequence', 'has', 'length', 'at', 'least', '4n', 'and', 'n', 'is', 'odd', 'then', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'subsequence', 'of', 'length', 'l', 'n', 'having', 'at', 'least', '2ln', 'subsequences', 'that', 'sum', 'to', '0', 'mod', 'n']] | [-0.20497997378874006, 0.21713925868045242, -0.08115357406451508, 0.04141008622316418, -0.027518135105668935, -0.22986207152434596, 0.016997554029909556, 0.40766686855138023, -0.33528760106613237, -0.24097679225219923, 0.10191420295847241, -0.3779799908568913, -0.08842432680433955, 0.11686781153195736, -0.05471197938348985, -0.0031526000556451354, 0.08793206909974811, 0.17436898034065962, -0.005774825351016427, -0.33219875674694777, 0.2665962995476245, -0.06778569484947983, 0.1530077101126539, -0.019341269592669876, 0.07654707769115428, -0.01870662355654393, 0.06114894120467149, -0.01756247370786062, -0.09784470182790811, 0.018339086376892574, 0.2888628764776513, 0.16678671962334635, 0.33327227773031953, -0.3196134042051254, -0.11398158205856541, 0.23681410630656916, 0.22897781924356506, 0.04849540927644932, 0.02578362021559962, -0.12940285337213991, 0.2828674827367815, -0.05056387469151311, -0.09953042861271763, -0.019256052846850998, 0.20788991748651658, 0.019248068239187087, -0.2999688834728052, 0.007720183976220362, 0.13500169523159097, 0.03631380847020244, 0.06993808839681813, -0.1879098799263099, 0.011100636488250033, 0.1081412041687255, 0.1445253949425409, 0.1451091514626927, 0.014450167217574111, -0.02031835274410145, -0.033166607919459544, 0.3501007846471938, -0.036421022501379026, -0.19765907112565456, 0.12985564313236286, -0.1731474273167833, -0.19039479154514882, 0.19170590797721437, -0.011813515063488123, 0.15574357730766872, -0.04520689266979444, 0.12530377363939557, -0.1367500533039371, 0.30008325327865104, 0.16413834578160083, 0.05180041013976954, 0.1763289644114786, 0.10613098011747228, 0.14615581247948506, 0.0919690918676541, -0.021962239407002926, 0.005732536866244945, -0.3148559925567965, -0.12947098625414638, -0.2333058068302996, 0.17526298920115965, -0.10341502093543761, -0.15883482306151453, 0.27135171070271596, 0.10993140088579491, 0.21107872021313984, 0.16954562253544503, 0.2098843681089806, 0.10612173212487533, 0.07855673712346646, 0.142022386239577, 0.0755185334445824, 0.07008765547476342, -0.012549328848818373, -0.11623266021100183, 0.06447974066461691, 0.13067067308160898] |
709.1177 | Magnetowave Induced Plasma Wakefield Acceleration for Ultra High Energy
Cosmic Rays | Magnetowave induced plasma wakefield acceleration (MPWA) in a relativistic
astrophysical outflow has been proposed as a viable mechanism for the
acceleration of cosmic particles to ultra high energies. Here we present
simulation results that clearly demonstrate the viability of this mechanism for
the first time. We invoke the high frequency and high speed whistler mode for
the driving pulse. The plasma wakefield so induced validates precisely the
theoretical prediction. We show that under appropriate conditions, the plasma
wakefield maintains very high coherence and can sustain high-gradient
acceleration over a macroscopic distance. Invoking gamma ray burst (GRB) as the
source, we show that MPWA production of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR)
beyond ZeV 10^21 eV is possible.
| astro-ph | magnetowave induced plasma wakefield acceleration mpwa in a relativistic astrophysical outflow has been proposed as a viable mechanism for the acceleration of cosmic particles to ultra high energies here we present simulation results that clearly demonstrate the viability of this mechanism for the first time we invoke the high frequency and high speed whistler mode for the driving pulse the plasma wakefield so induced validates precisely the theoretical prediction we show that under appropriate conditions the plasma wakefield maintains very high coherence and can sustain highgradient acceleration over a macroscopic distance invoking gamma ray burst grb as the source we show that mpwa production of ultra high energy cosmic rays uhecr beyond zev 1021 ev is possible | [['magnetowave', 'induced', 'plasma', 'wakefield', 'acceleration', 'mpwa', 'in', 'a', 'relativistic', 'astrophysical', 'outflow', 'has', 'been', 'proposed', 'as', 'a', 'viable', 'mechanism', 'for', 'the', 'acceleration', 'of', 'cosmic', 'particles', 'to', 'ultra', 'high', 'energies', 'here', 'we', 'present', 'simulation', 'results', 'that', 'clearly', 'demonstrate', 'the', 'viability', 'of', 'this', 'mechanism', 'for', 'the', 'first', 'time', 'we', 'invoke', 'the', 'high', 'frequency', 'and', 'high', 'speed', 'whistler', 'mode', 'for', 'the', 'driving', 'pulse', 'the', 'plasma', 'wakefield', 'so', 'induced', 'validates', 'precisely', 'the', 'theoretical', 'prediction', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'under', 'appropriate', 'conditions', 'the', 'plasma', 'wakefield', 'maintains', 'very', 'high', 'coherence', 'and', 'can', 'sustain', 'highgradient', 'acceleration', 'over', 'a', 'macroscopic', 'distance', 'invoking', 'gamma', 'ray', 'burst', 'grb', 'as', 'the', 'source', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'mpwa', 'production', 'of', 'ultra', 'high', 'energy', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'uhecr', 'beyond', 'zev', '1021', 'ev', 'is', 'possible']] | [-0.11099137018761064, 0.2619182087011381, -0.06695557633836746, 0.1346548504084667, -0.06180822650870133, -0.07717778376586194, 0.0027690445108769033, 0.4498755716933654, -0.22387046113204306, -0.30345516921315563, -0.028386368024218667, -0.20726306601347896, 0.013241744011194788, 0.26310228854497403, 0.012083086710518751, 0.03456114989538223, 0.06394761139686164, -0.05412100764134756, 0.025993985646806307, -0.1419176783762936, 0.2206982345177004, 0.2549168085400811, 0.29278456235705463, 0.12843282703602782, 0.18747489307171258, -0.08436633333858326, 0.04066524861040167, -0.03162246881227972, -0.11331325338992468, 0.021686441229226496, 0.1936879184208492, 0.12003811279960518, 0.25379963818555457, -0.45183148976359677, -0.3112128410790848, 0.06545330804541834, 0.16273732540898153, 0.06299859736886862, -0.1484287300377957, -0.22186118045933226, 0.08770125737397844, -0.21714526142638463, -0.16936126165887994, -0.014907491417267384, -0.018801631577090066, 0.07685948724452502, -0.2754226903248037, 0.08795381871521728, 0.013899549562285025, -0.029441671666856378, -0.09439244371556287, -0.00669064871274317, 0.05932938833283181, 0.0019788010579207516, 0.10336252911818317, 0.06709305895094433, 0.18778302563895655, -0.12256437368714848, -0.09258744805159731, 0.42907961235087144, -0.10583605336494999, -0.06325953232490608, 0.20044135369766408, -0.24430709020990846, -0.13380497010647613, 0.17570512460815346, 0.14614622733450264, 0.07362432736887509, -0.12061180985775481, 0.056086836823532916, 0.038245395980138555, 0.12210094189852412, 0.13130235258075926, 0.047127224210426845, 0.23336948576168373, 0.20378361901459405, 0.04807486485403318, 0.062063173725245856, -0.16630764694239658, 0.05319039329327245, -0.3504638045580469, -0.12197225233719039, -0.15396796738874152, 0.06741118031498204, -0.0777260606278144, -0.1088200471479382, 0.4144313438421386, 0.1879987788116002, 0.12854432585275072, -0.011447963832169134, 0.32927065966730446, 0.10593108249167538, -0.0200492127193536, 0.12394956330187683, 0.34002125043517506, 0.10206525564456406, 0.1193610535423136, -0.2590678489496374, 0.05822117728455804, 0.01385891669565159] |
709.1178 | The Trigonometric Parallax of the Brown Dwarf Planetary System 2MASSW
J1207334-393254 | We have measured a trigonometric parallax to the young brown dwarf 2MASSW
J1207334-393254. The distance [54.0 (+3.2,-2.8) pc] and space motion confirm
membership in the TW Hydrae Association. The primary is a ~25 M_jup brown
dwarf. We discuss the "planetary mass" secondary, which is certainly below the
deuterium-burning limit but whose colors and absolute magnitudes pose
challenges to our current understanding of planetary-mass objects.
| astro-ph | we have measured a trigonometric parallax to the young brown dwarf 2massw j1207334393254 the distance 540 3228 pc and space motion confirm membership in the tw hydrae association the primary is a 25 m_jup brown dwarf we discuss the planetary mass secondary which is certainly below the deuteriumburning limit but whose colors and absolute magnitudes pose challenges to our current understanding of planetarymass objects | [['we', 'have', 'measured', 'a', 'trigonometric', 'parallax', 'to', 'the', 'young', 'brown', 'dwarf', '2massw', 'j1207334393254', 'the', 'distance', '540', '3228', 'pc', 'and', 'space', 'motion', 'confirm', 'membership', 'in', 'the', 'tw', 'hydrae', 'association', 'the', 'primary', 'is', 'a', '25', 'm_jup', 'brown', 'dwarf', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'planetary', 'mass', 'secondary', 'which', 'is', 'certainly', 'below', 'the', 'deuteriumburning', 'limit', 'but', 'whose', 'colors', 'and', 'absolute', 'magnitudes', 'pose', 'challenges', 'to', 'our', 'current', 'understanding', 'of', 'planetarymass', 'objects']] | [-0.09157821246481035, 0.11277083796449006, -0.09750559748499654, 0.09291141596986563, -0.18638323699997272, -0.08762147548441135, 0.15001942721755768, 0.3824947171669919, -0.17045457003405318, -0.4057698154647369, 0.05131648848691839, -0.25208952233515447, -0.01292520044671619, 0.16997440634258965, -0.202205345260154, -0.013356630428461358, 0.16921222435030359, -0.023143972386606038, -0.03148064811466611, -0.25121352446149103, 0.2423874516171054, 0.006139751181763131, -0.00346933476976119, -0.042315564045566134, 0.044574635139724705, -0.09612538976216456, -0.09103414870332927, -0.12878973583474362, -0.21102931795758195, 0.015402919088955969, 0.20422312160371803, 0.08676015881064814, 0.203609750373289, -0.17608458816539496, -0.15176599112328404, 0.05624556088150712, 0.16731216709013097, -0.06886144872441946, -0.03082351824559737, -0.3362525799730065, 0.14886157153523527, -0.20155503149726428, -0.20863168505456997, 0.10422762419329956, 0.17284862302767579, 0.009648731560446322, -0.24262356289546005, 0.12007269126479514, 0.07261154308798723, 0.15421210932254326, -0.1751884429868369, -0.2436876101710368, -0.015425048342876835, 0.11251745865592966, -0.022752878292521928, 0.1381770407751901, 0.171143723615387, -0.1196998372906819, -0.07981928960361984, 0.4181108248885721, -0.0686554522253573, -0.003232642193324864, 0.3264152371993987, -0.2346753051097039, -0.132597565127071, 0.10352754453197122, 0.11407291679643095, 0.15883820142335026, -0.2347240629605949, -0.0019215453958167927, -0.029870569880586118, 0.21512796412571333, 0.09238039691990707, 0.08646864878028282, 0.42653093274566345, 0.13568955777645897, 0.04028678304530331, 0.000421952345277532, -0.3415599578875117, -0.05218280637927819, -0.1737298454681877, -0.13020397281798068, -0.11979032335875672, 0.07634822264662944, -0.11269855342425217, -0.11476608293014579, 0.28403773357422324, 0.1382560747297248, 0.19340534655202646, 0.08289158083971415, 0.29811177553710877, 0.07923621934060066, 0.1440133540163515, 0.12858306324051227, 0.3496807908959454, 0.22480052604805678, 0.08002298072096892, -0.24915781350864563, 0.0049686123165884055, 0.033263090008404106] |
709.1179 | Inelastic X-ray Scattering Study of Phonons in Superconducting CaC6 | We investigate the dispersion and temperature dependence of a number of
phonons in the recently discovered superconductor CaC6 utilizing inelastic
x-ray scattering. Four [00L] and two ab-plane phonon modes are observed, and
measured at temperatures both above and below T_c. In general, our measurements
of phonon dispersions are in good agreement with existing theoretical
calculations of the phonon dispersion. This is significant in light of several
discrepancies between experimental measurements of phonon-derived quantities
and theoretical calculations. The present work suggests that the origin of
these discrepancies lies in the understanding of the electron-phonon coupling
in this material, rather than in the phonons themselves.
| cond-mat.supr-con | we investigate the dispersion and temperature dependence of a number of phonons in the recently discovered superconductor cac6 utilizing inelastic xray scattering four 00l and two abplane phonon modes are observed and measured at temperatures both above and below t_c in general our measurements of phonon dispersions are in good agreement with existing theoretical calculations of the phonon dispersion this is significant in light of several discrepancies between experimental measurements of phononderived quantities and theoretical calculations the present work suggests that the origin of these discrepancies lies in the understanding of the electronphonon coupling in this material rather than in the phonons themselves | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'dispersion', 'and', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'of', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'phonons', 'in', 'the', 'recently', 'discovered', 'superconductor', 'cac6', 'utilizing', 'inelastic', 'xray', 'scattering', 'four', '00l', 'and', 'two', 'abplane', 'phonon', 'modes', 'are', 'observed', 'and', 'measured', 'at', 'temperatures', 'both', 'above', 'and', 'below', 't_c', 'in', 'general', 'our', 'measurements', 'of', 'phonon', 'dispersions', 'are', 'in', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'existing', 'theoretical', 'calculations', 'of', 'the', 'phonon', 'dispersion', 'this', 'is', 'significant', 'in', 'light', 'of', 'several', 'discrepancies', 'between', 'experimental', 'measurements', 'of', 'phononderived', 'quantities', 'and', 'theoretical', 'calculations', 'the', 'present', 'work', 'suggests', 'that', 'the', 'origin', 'of', 'these', 'discrepancies', 'lies', 'in', 'the', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'electronphonon', 'coupling', 'in', 'this', 'material', 'rather', 'than', 'in', 'the', 'phonons', 'themselves']] | [-0.1431515546259927, 0.20061152952714076, -0.07577908861304761, 0.04151205356374346, -0.04232054773498984, -0.08217148000246607, 0.1051576757397247, 0.42113304762717557, -0.22311199970963394, -0.30726265503714484, -0.029344295743880245, -0.4076836099437274, -0.08366168855333372, 0.2334451702350349, 0.05817266151893372, 0.047365246317805906, 0.0051165954483782545, -0.03932494008925049, -0.10763994716883947, -0.18729479253114037, 0.2855057201631294, 0.04216625252008146, 0.3199046234527201, 0.13735651407007346, -2.974804545588353e-05, -0.01562538601951126, 0.021546847670905145, 0.028307429807004975, -0.16156595949274455, 0.11365574749880562, 0.2964916233995966, -0.08875408502039957, 0.18882561206598492, -0.4262512716117735, -0.2378976559905591, -0.0039148387914596525, 0.15454679209848537, 0.13775580532520132, -0.0687063459361739, -0.1974174917673272, 0.01747534346456329, -0.08053031642282125, -0.10952231748025025, -0.07263937164737168, -0.020680323507928967, -0.018113308714008798, -0.17402632051494485, 0.16392510135055466, 0.020729803233681357, 0.12361361478656809, -0.11760492469914549, -0.1664604404290645, -0.05010971261927968, 0.03548555984618325, 0.09708418305187176, 0.015498133380806037, 0.11204410397776347, -0.0987336728676204, -0.0816800788172758, 0.3782275334986694, -0.07564179201033445, -0.03437721493708737, 0.18720887384066978, -0.22551763306974487, -0.11117471371864096, 0.14417656289194436, 0.11613054108787693, 0.051138395402470935, -0.14705482448506005, 0.03091066678262352, -0.03678139182282429, 0.1500276783937771, 0.043026828592469514, 0.12502154128449938, 0.2167268433315935, 0.19511553414585983, -0.09424583577350074, 0.06730372956200667, -0.12187471147854904, -0.018776042820593596, -0.2812720875566204, -0.12732190259403603, -0.18349749060329415, -0.003338522501472457, -0.08507053515638166, -0.11075567433099244, 0.36972830205808815, 0.18871921765522154, 0.23672733068758367, 0.022548743749640006, 0.2676016935603876, 0.11153455839524337, 0.07650914171929746, 0.08199367161347147, 0.3795174126257645, 0.20710419134839492, 0.07894208754285001, -0.32889150504442843, 0.06857844848897965, -0.0674735944873343] |
709.118 | Variable stars in the Open Cluster M11 (NGC 6705) | V-band time-series CCD photometric observations of the intermediate-age open
cluster M11 were performed to search for variable stars. Using these
time-series data, we carefully examined light variations of all stars in the
observing field. A total of 82 variable stars were discovered, of which 39
stars had been detected recently by Hargis et al. (2005). On the basis of
observational properties such as variable period, light curve shape, and
position on a color-magnitude diagram, we classified their variable types as 11
delta Scuti-type pulsating stars, 2 gamma Doradus-type pulsating stars, 40 W
UMa-type contact eclipsing binaries, 13 Algol-type detached eclipsing binaries,
and 16 eclipsing binaries with long period. Cluster membership for each
variable star was deduced from the previous proper motion results (McNamara et
al. 1977) and position on the color-magnitude diagram. Many pulsating stars and
eclipsing binaries in the region of M11 are probable members of the cluster.
| astro-ph | vband timeseries ccd photometric observations of the intermediateage open cluster m11 were performed to search for variable stars using these timeseries data we carefully examined light variations of all stars in the observing field a total of 82 variable stars were discovered of which 39 stars had been detected recently by hargis et al 2005 on the basis of observational properties such as variable period light curve shape and position on a colormagnitude diagram we classified their variable types as 11 delta scutitype pulsating stars 2 gamma doradustype pulsating stars 40 w umatype contact eclipsing binaries 13 algoltype detached eclipsing binaries and 16 eclipsing binaries with long period cluster membership for each variable star was deduced from the previous proper motion results mcnamara et al 1977 and position on the colormagnitude diagram many pulsating stars and eclipsing binaries in the region of m11 are probable members of the cluster | [['vband', 'timeseries', 'ccd', 'photometric', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'intermediateage', 'open', 'cluster', 'm11', 'were', 'performed', 'to', 'search', 'for', 'variable', 'stars', 'using', 'these', 'timeseries', 'data', 'we', 'carefully', 'examined', 'light', 'variations', 'of', 'all', 'stars', 'in', 'the', 'observing', 'field', 'a', 'total', 'of', '82', 'variable', 'stars', 'were', 'discovered', 'of', 'which', '39', 'stars', 'had', 'been', 'detected', 'recently', 'by', 'hargis', 'et', 'al', '2005', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'observational', 'properties', 'such', 'as', 'variable', 'period', 'light', 'curve', 'shape', 'and', 'position', 'on', 'a', 'colormagnitude', 'diagram', 'we', 'classified', 'their', 'variable', 'types', 'as', '11', 'delta', 'scutitype', 'pulsating', 'stars', '2', 'gamma', 'doradustype', 'pulsating', 'stars', '40', 'w', 'umatype', 'contact', 'eclipsing', 'binaries', '13', 'algoltype', 'detached', 'eclipsing', 'binaries', 'and', '16', 'eclipsing', 'binaries', 'with', 'long', 'period', 'cluster', 'membership', 'for', 'each', 'variable', 'star', 'was', 'deduced', 'from', 'the', 'previous', 'proper', 'motion', 'results', 'mcnamara', 'et', 'al', '1977', 'and', 'position', 'on', 'the', 'colormagnitude', 'diagram', 'many', 'pulsating', 'stars', 'and', 'eclipsing', 'binaries', 'in', 'the', 'region', 'of', 'm11', 'are', 'probable', 'members', 'of', 'the', 'cluster']] | [-0.08976841273377775, 0.140184597886243, -0.09580357998886423, 0.07633225308932565, -0.19570281118393648, -0.10512408555400357, 0.20627419266069458, 0.42066073784804464, -0.12124966191618729, -0.40705004221180807, 0.04257824003926126, -0.344914421772685, -0.05481138044313018, 0.25519033458958557, -0.1413744336320166, 0.04938373206076338, 0.18705581722000764, -0.0614535951219197, 0.0029172965058613634, -0.3865222164706604, 0.2572572623439309, -0.0548675874361416, 0.029864352848144825, -0.21523619142740122, 0.028117316181148478, -0.009388520334756028, -0.1363290178237917, -0.048907315550447514, -0.16692967594890679, -0.037276440054631314, 0.22010571881342125, 0.12396426149014686, 0.1554290041251964, -0.20588906938084275, -0.22267569134615967, 0.009176455755919419, 0.2158881015603657, -0.02804343728820567, -0.015454752079676837, -0.31449683336855694, 0.07376742861674142, -0.18109237978461426, -0.20057735420020953, 0.06607518698139167, 0.1974718578551531, 0.12009035797814864, -0.18900814138956973, 0.10096341373738707, 0.021750850527471787, 0.1728830963650064, -0.17228251705386652, -0.19346096180694028, -0.04719157027697342, 0.06519252705589137, -0.018879248987178545, 0.14689772630211068, 0.06589940121724598, -0.05827501664768804, -0.06066465481008227, 0.334374295044187, -0.07249682043471399, 0.03958855128872234, 0.1988506347217874, -0.1575453765186909, -0.2280066853319924, 0.08519674398042765, 0.1479024155367468, 0.18527894298470504, -0.26625837552726167, -0.010365003916573384, 0.026203047040522703, 0.22500583630706486, 0.12126907897244736, 0.05907930894377264, 0.3176976727145548, 0.11065109418956814, -0.10173432983975618, 0.08472358891929223, -0.34831305545899466, -0.05671567245578469, -0.2012579877911186, -0.07715585215545788, -0.07967430461478117, 0.056445347596702444, -0.14056561202576975, -0.16136601500801515, 0.3516223428368166, -0.015632705265857482, 0.16428596748045418, -0.05436632841608387, 0.17901343585155602, 0.0734812124125735, 0.06952863063516151, 0.1592743508454815, 0.33717672043240854, 0.24867521122418898, 0.1199409234419314, -0.22502179181272466, 0.0718792716947359, 0.018893340458571155] |
709.1181 | Isotopy for extended affine Lie algebras and Lie tori | Centreless Lie tori have been used by E. Neher to construct all extended
affine Lie algebras (EALAs). In this article, we study notions of isotopes and
isotopy for centreless Lie tori, and we use these notions, along with Neher's
construction, to show that there is a 1-1 correspondence between centreless Lie
tori up to isotopy and families of EALAs up to isomorphism. Also, centreless
Lie tori can be coordinatized by unital algebras that are in general
nonassociative, and, for many types of centreless Lie tori, there are classical
notions of isotopes and isotopy for the coordinate algebras. We show for those
types that an isotope of the Lie torus is coordinatized by an isotope of its
coordinate algebra. In writing the article, we have not assumed prior knowledge
of the theories of EALAs, Lie tori or isotopy. In fact, we hope that this
article will help to introduce the reader to these theories and their
interconnections.
| math.RA math.OA | centreless lie tori have been used by e neher to construct all extended affine lie algebras ealas in this article we study notions of isotopes and isotopy for centreless lie tori and we use these notions along with nehers construction to show that there is a 11 correspondence between centreless lie tori up to isotopy and families of ealas up to isomorphism also centreless lie tori can be coordinatized by unital algebras that are in general nonassociative and for many types of centreless lie tori there are classical notions of isotopes and isotopy for the coordinate algebras we show for those types that an isotope of the lie torus is coordinatized by an isotope of its coordinate algebra in writing the article we have not assumed prior knowledge of the theories of ealas lie tori or isotopy in fact we hope that this article will help to introduce the reader to these theories and their interconnections | [['centreless', 'lie', 'tori', 'have', 'been', 'used', 'by', 'e', 'neher', 'to', 'construct', 'all', 'extended', 'affine', 'lie', 'algebras', 'ealas', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'study', 'notions', 'of', 'isotopes', 'and', 'isotopy', 'for', 'centreless', 'lie', 'tori', 'and', 'we', 'use', 'these', 'notions', 'along', 'with', 'nehers', 'construction', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'a', '11', 'correspondence', 'between', 'centreless', 'lie', 'tori', 'up', 'to', 'isotopy', 'and', 'families', 'of', 'ealas', 'up', 'to', 'isomorphism', 'also', 'centreless', 'lie', 'tori', 'can', 'be', 'coordinatized', 'by', 'unital', 'algebras', 'that', 'are', 'in', 'general', 'nonassociative', 'and', 'for', 'many', 'types', 'of', 'centreless', 'lie', 'tori', 'there', 'are', 'classical', 'notions', 'of', 'isotopes', 'and', 'isotopy', 'for', 'the', 'coordinate', 'algebras', 'we', 'show', 'for', 'those', 'types', 'that', 'an', 'isotope', 'of', 'the', 'lie', 'torus', 'is', 'coordinatized', 'by', 'an', 'isotope', 'of', 'its', 'coordinate', 'algebra', 'in', 'writing', 'the', 'article', 'we', 'have', 'not', 'assumed', 'prior', 'knowledge', 'of', 'the', 'theories', 'of', 'ealas', 'lie', 'tori', 'or', 'isotopy', 'in', 'fact', 'we', 'hope', 'that', 'this', 'article', 'will', 'help', 'to', 'introduce', 'the', 'reader', 'to', 'these', 'theories', 'and', 'their', 'interconnections']] | [-0.16469808586782986, 0.08672707305578965, -0.05007646207457348, 0.08096669208739073, -0.1179803442660599, -0.14041593566897415, -0.027314417532855465, 0.4383728304697621, -0.30814171845634136, -0.2563871683132264, 0.0950444333232759, -0.23119319010105344, -0.14905847442156125, 0.20465723191267782, -0.1729131146123813, -0.05163883876934227, 0.02955241411203338, 0.07848848227050996, -0.13439280307821688, -0.2796506181404355, 0.44271982835545654, -0.02601389494243889, 0.15582189998108772, 0.014968122298558874, 0.08935604753017785, -0.05694581728931817, 0.002388196576747202, -0.016889153893346026, -0.18051111185716676, 0.14061721315186831, 0.3659214088392834, 0.08262519997454458, 0.1672849747081918, -0.37663399535081077, -0.11689520464860834, 0.17915772336925712, 0.1852953978964398, 0.039654455897999145, -0.02586566208891811, -0.28651396646614996, 0.08502501415749711, -0.22884443131005092, -0.13843863761923728, -0.11122907216870977, 0.07374636378259428, 0.022636461737115057, -0.14135305619828642, -0.029122554839986766, 0.13229065942427803, 0.16700341841806807, -0.08252904782327072, -0.060359868779027416, -0.0452262626209807, 0.09844758691897075, -0.0127417252519198, 0.00286795380525291, 0.13795029370474718, -0.017558130066120815, -0.18754638965812423, 0.3971678795713571, 0.023220518381605226, -0.23675356495284264, 0.18303883828282838, -0.15669895056935568, -0.2330452487773953, 0.10868181166231572, 0.06811071044254688, 0.12413397446995782, -0.11501976094328828, 0.1703819104237482, -0.10865004568702481, 0.030270606681944864, 0.09843292026630332, -0.020906134518689567, 0.17250759400908025, 0.053747305847824584, 0.057518540499656795, 0.08818154081987638, 0.05656899492887239, -0.055251391367205686, -0.34701038858582894, -0.19542164711015028, -0.0251680237338728, 0.12446318054731349, -0.06410032919882196, -0.13568351939358117, 0.37619601321076196, 0.13673240369178294, 0.17621070739152211, 0.10974103164569955, 0.15128062692200464, 0.0072067381033012945, 0.14969915862893685, 0.08390638460104745, 0.19333875368259126, 0.2522210384734095, -0.035412418650042625, -0.0873007963501638, -0.11714210730954824, 0.18881767302330943] |
709.1182 | Near-Infrared Variability in the 2MASS Calibration Fields: A Search for
Planetary Transit Candidates | The 2MASS photometric calibration observations cover ~6 square degrees on the
sky in 35 "calibration fields" each sampled in nominal photometric conditions
between 562 and 3692 times during the four years of the 2MASS mission. We
compile a catalog of variables from the calibration observations to search for
M dwarfs transited by extra-solar planets. We present our methods for measuring
periodic and non-periodic flux variability. From 7554 sources with apparent Ks
magnitudes between 5.6 and 16.1, we identify 247 variables, including
extragalactic variables and 23 periodic variables. We have discovered three M
dwarf eclipsing systems, including two candidates for transiting extrasolar
planets.
| astro-ph | the 2mass photometric calibration observations cover 6 square degrees on the sky in 35 calibration fields each sampled in nominal photometric conditions between 562 and 3692 times during the four years of the 2mass mission we compile a catalog of variables from the calibration observations to search for m dwarfs transited by extrasolar planets we present our methods for measuring periodic and nonperiodic flux variability from 7554 sources with apparent ks magnitudes between 56 and 161 we identify 247 variables including extragalactic variables and 23 periodic variables we have discovered three m dwarf eclipsing systems including two candidates for transiting extrasolar planets | [['the', '2mass', 'photometric', 'calibration', 'observations', 'cover', '6', 'square', 'degrees', 'on', 'the', 'sky', 'in', '35', 'calibration', 'fields', 'each', 'sampled', 'in', 'nominal', 'photometric', 'conditions', 'between', '562', 'and', '3692', 'times', 'during', 'the', 'four', 'years', 'of', 'the', '2mass', 'mission', 'we', 'compile', 'a', 'catalog', 'of', 'variables', 'from', 'the', 'calibration', 'observations', 'to', 'search', 'for', 'm', 'dwarfs', 'transited', 'by', 'extrasolar', 'planets', 'we', 'present', 'our', 'methods', 'for', 'measuring', 'periodic', 'and', 'nonperiodic', 'flux', 'variability', 'from', '7554', 'sources', 'with', 'apparent', 'ks', 'magnitudes', 'between', '56', 'and', '161', 'we', 'identify', '247', 'variables', 'including', 'extragalactic', 'variables', 'and', '23', 'periodic', 'variables', 'we', 'have', 'discovered', 'three', 'm', 'dwarf', 'eclipsing', 'systems', 'including', 'two', 'candidates', 'for', 'transiting', 'extrasolar', 'planets']] | [-0.10231356675663561, 0.12264741247738986, -0.05487384329613883, 0.05134380676363613, -0.1209989313433385, -0.06523522582160783, 0.15235149949177296, 0.3936951572952025, -0.12838691538519353, -0.4443707268539013, 0.11668872006132505, -0.37382334145699064, -0.05077812594747372, 0.23670997736546412, -0.09272188644892737, 0.023124887959520314, 0.12156533888157676, -0.135923849993988, -0.05553453971686609, -0.3533217864426072, 0.1978031047437267, -0.04560884731986067, 0.03341251670145521, -0.17494859323864254, 0.10971851903013885, -0.00788021617222066, -0.17682959435178952, -0.06794999763124175, -0.19753879549748757, -0.015337997755291415, 0.25471432015811113, 0.11924359268125366, 0.16426488169121975, -0.2689223954107101, -0.18167598633804385, 0.08277172185297982, 0.11726575881452757, -0.04518201367874794, 0.01326759411598437, -0.30277000731952924, 0.045177955372149456, -0.13011001568178043, -0.15705701554942803, 0.0244656723898872, 0.15190000604272036, 0.07893034668785393, -0.2311232140990814, 0.095266656977508, -0.005166409065828239, 0.2444119895945358, -0.19713047799179514, -0.19748026103365654, -0.0176330495456818, 0.09417794435741562, -0.015598936937749386, 0.06626854701351155, 0.0903485351077774, -0.06779023128853855, -0.05902862368041978, 0.37486799607309057, -0.08861324375988368, 0.004733943585854243, 0.2199368312334021, -0.18371358646225988, -0.2107247088113617, 0.14039299408357372, 0.1690627943413953, 0.12269725426734772, -0.2748898408357419, -0.003134329075121558, 0.01672346441659565, 0.2171639927215509, 0.08719901966077148, 0.09549642569732432, 0.3615612441379413, 0.11085241207597303, 0.06911691658281009, 0.08668496932231766, -0.37275378068899917, -0.020788573513866638, -0.2306118395508212, -0.07084670877820291, -0.1434965571576921, 0.07527269817678732, -0.14381446850009025, -0.10259101487976938, 0.3970853464470208, 0.170361711455888, 0.14263627392824227, 0.01977330402188076, 0.2736388238320383, -0.003142311670315251, 0.11468586777610813, 0.12637612652764016, 0.32173755394714865, 0.15386388094538786, 0.09427590542655512, -0.14892994110728158, -0.00895934926309422, -0.007093143238521674] |
709.1183 | The Scientific Manuscripts left Unpublished by Ettore Majorana (with
outlines of his life and work) | We present a panoramic view of the main scientific manuscripts left
unpublished by the brightest Italian theoretical physicist of the XX century,
Ettore Majorana. We deal in particular: (i) with his very original "study"
notes (the so-called "Volumetti"), already published by us in English, in 2003,
c/o Kluwer Acad.Press, Dordrecht & Boston, and in the original Italian
language, in 2006, c/o Zanichelli pub., Bologna, Italy; and (ii) with a
selection of his research notes (the so-called "Quaderni"), that we shall
publish c/o Springer, Berlin. We seize the present opportunity for setting
forth also some suitable -scarcely known- information about Majorana's life and
work, on the basis of documents (letters, testimonies, different documents...)
discovered or collected by ourselves during the last decades. [A finished,
enlarged version of this paper will appear as the editors' Preface, at the
beginning of the coming book "Ettore Majorana - Unpublished Research Notes on
Theoretical Physics", edited by S.Esposito, E.Recami, A.van der Merwe and
R.Battiston, to be printed by Springer verlag, Berlin].
| physics.hist-ph physics.gen-ph | we present a panoramic view of the main scientific manuscripts left unpublished by the brightest italian theoretical physicist of the xx century ettore majorana we deal in particular i with his very original study notes the socalled volumetti already published by us in english in 2003 co kluwer acadpress dordrecht boston and in the original italian language in 2006 co zanichelli pub bologna italy and ii with a selection of his research notes the socalled quaderni that we shall publish co springer berlin we seize the present opportunity for setting forth also some suitable scarcely known information about majoranas life and work on the basis of documents letters testimonies different documents discovered or collected by ourselves during the last decades a finished enlarged version of this paper will appear as the editors preface at the beginning of the coming book ettore majorana unpublished research notes on theoretical physics edited by sesposito erecami avan der merwe and rbattiston to be printed by springer verlag berlin | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'panoramic', 'view', 'of', 'the', 'main', 'scientific', 'manuscripts', 'left', 'unpublished', 'by', 'the', 'brightest', 'italian', 'theoretical', 'physicist', 'of', 'the', 'xx', 'century', 'ettore', 'majorana', 'we', 'deal', 'in', 'particular', 'i', 'with', 'his', 'very', 'original', 'study', 'notes', 'the', 'socalled', 'volumetti', 'already', 'published', 'by', 'us', 'in', 'english', 'in', '2003', 'co', 'kluwer', 'acadpress', 'dordrecht', 'boston', 'and', 'in', 'the', 'original', 'italian', 'language', 'in', '2006', 'co', 'zanichelli', 'pub', 'bologna', 'italy', 'and', 'ii', 'with', 'a', 'selection', 'of', 'his', 'research', 'notes', 'the', 'socalled', 'quaderni', 'that', 'we', 'shall', 'publish', 'co', 'springer', 'berlin', 'we', 'seize', 'the', 'present', 'opportunity', 'for', 'setting', 'forth', 'also', 'some', 'suitable', 'scarcely', 'known', 'information', 'about', 'majoranas', 'life', 'and', 'work', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'documents', 'letters', 'testimonies', 'different', 'documents', 'discovered', 'or', 'collected', 'by', 'ourselves', 'during', 'the', 'last', 'decades', 'a', 'finished', 'enlarged', 'version', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'will', 'appear', 'as', 'the', 'editors', 'preface', 'at', 'the', 'beginning', 'of', 'the', 'coming', 'book', 'ettore', 'majorana', 'unpublished', 'research', 'notes', 'on', 'theoretical', 'physics', 'edited', 'by', 'sesposito', 'erecami', 'avan', 'der', 'merwe', 'and', 'rbattiston', 'to', 'be', 'printed', 'by', 'springer', 'verlag', 'berlin']] | [-0.042474589739407445, 0.07778875038463952, -0.05977967939976178, 0.07773759808830469, -0.1700891264219904, -0.1320895833535049, 0.07497234211253191, 0.28089571464806795, -0.16493725732832415, -0.33871233011183294, 0.1103212979888909, -0.3477242935796657, -0.12396283450247601, 0.16769278853913605, -0.18395733593998453, -0.07304671556759579, 0.11473227957192855, -0.012767775430008062, -0.013541576232985134, -0.3939452234632041, 0.2617968504281738, 0.11098799614023559, 0.2456233437243802, 0.007156637401461507, 0.04879725683390979, 0.013890929296141184, -0.13562135404577078, -0.08964143834029666, -0.17320320384063548, 0.14877957896081895, 0.35545659407713937, 0.14727966458722913, 0.3301735889119438, -0.43787173205350016, -0.0645801193534715, 0.008342422996618184, 0.08493156532412159, 0.08604059033714753, -0.007782829119352317, -0.40248146641091737, -0.018210314486110938, -0.2059248142812734, -0.0962279714758897, 0.02909848444411366, 0.09537205809308806, -0.028459384078100985, -0.07708114452875231, 0.005104975281040113, 0.07056720016665663, 0.17624659363852366, 0.0007655884093557827, -0.20002011128972413, 0.014408841259818807, 0.11360975805392984, 0.039263518421050116, 0.044079749652661995, 0.05368679941372498, -0.07377872348297387, -0.13364900914433447, 0.3671040735435908, -0.06860544119484109, -0.02041579011969174, 0.1462098258205607, -0.12702270649680042, -0.19910035967750214, 0.03638497419814473, 0.15267972603788058, 0.044773431351891706, -0.19813448066693876, 0.12122741805041751, -0.09682328051427318, 0.1278887260395774, 0.14294987116480554, -0.045657892973763464, 0.22739913012785248, 0.12905717160791466, -0.09117605071662206, 0.0861616394198146, -0.05245941275689468, -0.06512815262414987, -0.28152036939193553, -0.17903125032641087, -0.16584337111308292, 0.07027726943009309, 0.09210437118654917, -0.10204523479966801, 0.403120291666894, 0.15059755773495742, 0.09370414443502698, -0.05237441107813458, 0.20494419969382544, -0.0273528687863705, 0.006730202444728841, 0.0599647821722953, 0.20077464981479837, 0.08285924492999204, 0.26645402576703625, -0.05678564897455464, 0.04392777045686211, 0.11365918407240246] |
709.1184 | A refinement of Sharkovskii's theorem on orbit types characterized by
two parameters | The so-called type problem or forcing problem is considered as a way to
generalize Sharkovskii's theorem. In this paper, by focusing on certain types
of orbits, we obtain a solution of the type problem, which gives a refinement
of Sharkovskii's theorem on orbit types characterized by two parameters.
| math.DS | the socalled type problem or forcing problem is considered as a way to generalize sharkovskiis theorem in this paper by focusing on certain types of orbits we obtain a solution of the type problem which gives a refinement of sharkovskiis theorem on orbit types characterized by two parameters | [['the', 'socalled', 'type', 'problem', 'or', 'forcing', 'problem', 'is', 'considered', 'as', 'a', 'way', 'to', 'generalize', 'sharkovskiis', 'theorem', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'by', 'focusing', 'on', 'certain', 'types', 'of', 'orbits', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'type', 'problem', 'which', 'gives', 'a', 'refinement', 'of', 'sharkovskiis', 'theorem', 'on', 'orbit', 'types', 'characterized', 'by', 'two', 'parameters']] | [-0.16980803909245878, 0.040436934175280236, -0.08505040434344362, 0.06207853101659566, -0.08237582045452048, -0.12674886125023477, 0.07951923890262454, 0.25425495331486064, -0.29296867925828946, -0.3025159309230124, 0.1445865982605028, -0.1824577373530095, -0.16341036820570784, 0.2516254361592776, -0.14173153648152947, -0.019466782920062542, 0.07276291693172728, 0.02933836071800518, -0.06572485726792365, -0.22489258169662207, 0.4160069111579408, -0.054720338996654995, 0.21029046742478386, 0.014014981885945113, 0.10899821880351131, 0.0604459458651642, -0.02096407177547614, 0.057763657881878316, -0.18034861852356698, 0.1099568902500323, 0.20146420978320143, 0.10686777929853027, 0.28506253189213265, -0.35610736093561474, -0.20286023105533482, 0.11272403687083472, 0.10727902431972325, 0.0953454795696113, -0.025894333196144242, -0.2575909028140207, 0.10809470714108708, -0.1732294776981386, -0.2066501517353269, -0.009177084255497903, -0.0051044009160250425, 0.0388200901215896, -0.27856129173111793, 0.06671619752887636, 0.18975858052726835, 0.03578070440562442, -0.09438816811113308, -0.04977260096347891, 0.05540811692480929, 0.06435843812748014, 0.05528493126136406, -0.013152414719418934, 0.022066769005808357, -0.06815232450026087, -0.15034669236047193, 0.3878564005717635, -0.018303125228461187, -0.2503425545291975, 0.18242950956725204, -0.03407295261664937, -0.142089230978551, 0.04808175480381275, 0.14313386021725213, 0.1704442165015886, -0.14085261127911508, 0.11144971892160054, -0.09605333558283746, 0.11861970640408497, 0.15250274362430596, 0.023119582212530077, 0.18083883270931742, 0.14823761522226656, 0.1474790473973068, 0.190527759375982, -0.03409989500990681, -0.048837990791071206, -0.2603432744120558, -0.09402515552937984, -0.12492190308209199, 0.07630503689385175, -0.043157360943344734, -0.21246762573719025, 0.4047807523359855, 0.07837123099792127, 0.20085546482975283, 0.061170456914017755, 0.25159424838299554, 0.1284466702369779, 0.016460778230490785, 0.011655429349048063, 0.18734915337214866, 0.1566820818358489, 0.07298167474800721, -0.14186446171273323, 0.046306317584821954, 0.24604271394976726] |
709.1185 | Orbit equivalence of one-sided subshifts and the associated C^*-algebras | A $\lambda$-graph system ${\frak L}$ is a generalization of a finite labeled
graph and presents a subshift. We will prove that the topological dynamical
systems $(X_{{\frak L}_1},\sigma_{{\frak L}_1})$ and $(X_{{\frak
L}_2},\sigma_{{\frak L}_2})$ for $\lambda$-graph systems ${\frak L}_1$ and
${\frak L}_2$ are continuously orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an
isomorphism between the associated $C^*$-algebras ${\Cal O}_{{\frak L}_1}$ and
${\Cal O}_{{\frak L}_2}$ keeping their commutative $C^*$-subalgebras
$C(X_{{\frak L}_1})$ and $C(X_{{\frak L}_2})$. It is also equivalent to the
condition that there exists a homeomorphism from $X_{{\frak L}_1}$ to
$X_{{\frak L}_2}$ intertwining their topological full inverse semigroups. In
particular, one-sided subshifts $X_{\Lambda_1}$ and $X_{\Lambda_2}$ are
$\lambda$-continuously orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an
isomorphism between the associated $C^*$-algebras ${\Cal O}_{\Lambda_1}$ and
${\Cal O}_{\Lambda_2}$ keeping their commutative $C^*$-subalgebras
$C(X_{\Lambda_1})$ and $C(X_{\Lambda_2})$.
| math.OA math.DS | a lambdagraph system frak l is a generalization of a finite labeled graph and presents a subshift we will prove that the topological dynamical systems x_frak l_1sigma_frak l_1 and x_frak l_2sigma_frak l_2 for lambdagraph systems frak l_1 and frak l_2 are continuously orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an isomorphism between the associated calgebras cal o_frak l_1 and cal o_frak l_2 keeping their commutative csubalgebras cx_frak l_1 and cx_frak l_2 it is also equivalent to the condition that there exists a homeomorphism from x_frak l_1 to x_frak l_2 intertwining their topological full inverse semigroups in particular onesided subshifts x_lambda_1 and x_lambda_2 are lambdacontinuously orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an isomorphism between the associated calgebras cal o_lambda_1 and cal o_lambda_2 keeping their commutative csubalgebras cx_lambda_1 and cx_lambda_2 | [['a', 'lambdagraph', 'system', 'frak', 'l', 'is', 'a', 'generalization', 'of', 'a', 'finite', 'labeled', 'graph', 'and', 'presents', 'a', 'subshift', 'we', 'will', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'topological', 'dynamical', 'systems', 'x_frak', 'l_1sigma_frak', 'l_1', 'and', 'x_frak', 'l_2sigma_frak', 'l_2', 'for', 'lambdagraph', 'systems', 'frak', 'l_1', 'and', 'frak', 'l_2', 'are', 'continuously', 'orbit', 'equivalent', 'if', 'and', 'only', 'if', 'there', 'exists', 'an', 'isomorphism', 'between', 'the', 'associated', 'calgebras', 'cal', 'o_frak', 'l_1', 'and', 'cal', 'o_frak', 'l_2', 'keeping', 'their', 'commutative', 'csubalgebras', 'cx_frak', 'l_1', 'and', 'cx_frak', 'l_2', 'it', 'is', 'also', 'equivalent', 'to', 'the', 'condition', 'that', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'homeomorphism', 'from', 'x_frak', 'l_1', 'to', 'x_frak', 'l_2', 'intertwining', 'their', 'topological', 'full', 'inverse', 'semigroups', 'in', 'particular', 'onesided', 'subshifts', 'x_lambda_1', 'and', 'x_lambda_2', 'are', 'lambdacontinuously', 'orbit', 'equivalent', 'if', 'and', 'only', 'if', 'there', 'exists', 'an', 'isomorphism', 'between', 'the', 'associated', 'calgebras', 'cal', 'o_lambda_1', 'and', 'cal', 'o_lambda_2', 'keeping', 'their', 'commutative', 'csubalgebras', 'cx_lambda_1', 'and', 'cx_lambda_2']] | [-0.19825260930741995, 0.16332014771873896, -0.020870692739894583, 0.10957726044777655, -0.037285716414956725, -0.23825890325518892, -0.005842291173856642, 0.4585760092457472, -0.41395848029750887, -0.09147902969192019, 0.1418654656706583, -0.3605881744711581, -0.11515121232970792, 0.13207903871375878, -0.1951916603355716, 0.05133048012079197, 0.09980640872144851, 0.12472351630794484, -0.18284312787592033, -0.1866348076799699, 0.33022637825096185, -0.07715848037752054, 0.12652523782483097, 0.04613838763512924, 0.12666885386284252, -0.01744509788458946, 0.06204328521833581, 0.004242714305045241, -0.1837256115401742, 0.0736166860491937, 0.30885212136022117, 0.11796030588842676, 0.23910298564281882, -0.30952761312788823, -0.05143951753872621, 0.29827779385466446, 0.14062598050903466, -0.13478371714068166, -0.00903059115388699, -0.2546513234659777, 0.18834284719837419, -0.2066689643661602, -0.0233694334135596, -0.08912003398636135, 0.18487882366309227, -0.05922000661050364, -0.32433528113731386, 0.00969518679840356, 0.18859413268031766, 0.13246955318532794, -0.04148104881978262, -0.033356443366185776, -0.14529275695617722, 0.06063070708207029, 0.0010511132107132067, 0.09141357610854557, 0.07638719157607815, 0.017994818269764467, -0.10396652584856028, 0.3903126206911974, -0.005714581404236477, -0.22738840470733754, 0.19290476110842775, -0.11279465226551234, -0.10817642073083858, 0.06769421436602913, 0.02171910219525887, 0.11728045183344413, -0.04157028421443903, 0.2512819735141929, -0.12033263155085555, 0.1381329871848289, 0.026586720238487096, 0.07914961354365035, 0.12640823734434858, 0.07397191282618254, 0.16196390551562279, 0.10485317551736105, 0.08340718590760983, 0.0032201016053431115, -0.3386791855317809, -0.12669820671553833, -0.128211188595742, 0.12372224855284064, -0.13064798225241248, -0.1859193131509158, 0.27643376230498995, 0.08606367025295493, 0.20292309799499936, 0.12458377954021285, 0.19600987241907297, 0.09503738327599051, 0.05825699744075221, 0.143688664841293, 0.15771851909615225, 0.23942040914859056, -0.09294200570212077, -0.20262684491443275, -0.045141518358693664, 0.24946208995909003] |
709.1186 | Entropy of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black Hole due to arbitrary spin
fields in different Coordinates | By using the Newman-Penrose formalism and the improved thin-layer ``brick
wall'' approach, the statistical-mechanical entropies of the Schwarzschild-de
Sitter black hole arising from quantum massless arbitrary spin fields are
studied in the Painlev\'e and Lemaitre coordinates. Although the metrics in
both the Painlev\'e and the Lemaitre coordinates do not obviously possess the
singularities as that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate, we find that, for
arbitrary spin fields, the entropies in the Painlev\'e and Lemaitre coordinates
are exactly equivalent to that in the Schwarzschild-like coordinate.
| gr-qc hep-th | by using the newmanpenrose formalism and the improved thinlayer brick wall approach the statisticalmechanical entropies of the schwarzschildde sitter black hole arising from quantum massless arbitrary spin fields are studied in the painleve and lemaitre coordinates although the metrics in both the painleve and the lemaitre coordinates do not obviously possess the singularities as that in the schwarzschildlike coordinate we find that for arbitrary spin fields the entropies in the painleve and lemaitre coordinates are exactly equivalent to that in the schwarzschildlike coordinate | [['by', 'using', 'the', 'newmanpenrose', 'formalism', 'and', 'the', 'improved', 'thinlayer', 'brick', 'wall', 'approach', 'the', 'statisticalmechanical', 'entropies', 'of', 'the', 'schwarzschildde', 'sitter', 'black', 'hole', 'arising', 'from', 'quantum', 'massless', 'arbitrary', 'spin', 'fields', 'are', 'studied', 'in', 'the', 'painleve', 'and', 'lemaitre', 'coordinates', 'although', 'the', 'metrics', 'in', 'both', 'the', 'painleve', 'and', 'the', 'lemaitre', 'coordinates', 'do', 'not', 'obviously', 'possess', 'the', 'singularities', 'as', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'schwarzschildlike', 'coordinate', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'for', 'arbitrary', 'spin', 'fields', 'the', 'entropies', 'in', 'the', 'painleve', 'and', 'lemaitre', 'coordinates', 'are', 'exactly', 'equivalent', 'to', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'schwarzschildlike', 'coordinate']] | [-0.1374733303056424, 0.0958410216304642, -0.08633862986756735, 0.09595104467954083, -0.08173467997596207, -0.1855711985087718, -0.08503672517892198, 0.30250675933637533, -0.1762550373124071, -0.21344899572993078, 0.05080531584379454, -0.31216699212610005, -0.119483736882278, 0.14337812748552492, -0.056111897919775854, 0.039484423865754924, -0.031199325386614324, 0.05388569809406637, -0.1648952203258558, -0.24383837426732102, 0.3777938635279256, 0.0222492054685479, 0.2579838276492903, -0.028904020831168414, 0.14063283278752703, 0.01750690903492182, 0.028155034898881274, 0.07872478370498641, -0.1484484332486537, 0.017367155998047577, 0.2679273919567062, 0.13963715259703885, 0.11135048028518213, -0.4031243156417307, -0.2034551966710981, 0.06576912000730455, 0.19844688414539918, 0.17991668261946683, -0.023863787179341518, -0.334189618399075, -0.011760888795132738, -0.19983538904462952, -0.20276857503543955, -0.08535534560859921, 0.052624783792858384, 0.013156794460423022, -0.15025681422193007, 0.13612796081207604, 0.09473359525618873, -0.013215281675199428, -0.11141005817643669, -0.050141968478235495, -0.08644259106143411, 0.0558744576277144, 0.11966114335816848, 0.010692797971507871, 0.09942804725773363, -0.0810715025985131, -0.12363987679716694, 0.38854530705026835, -0.05092196558119662, -0.30517608923725337, 0.09595853331532464, -0.2024578287894557, -0.10055940944690213, 0.07325838766543262, 0.09902436396174402, 0.19341351038002105, -0.1867104339222592, 0.21727753155976984, 0.02988036758973297, 0.06617793328190469, 0.16301190984401717, 0.009124338105096516, 0.2539808108774294, -0.05799143990019269, -0.05323164648353964, 0.10719359591491072, -0.03354147451379931, -0.1848093915775598, -0.35260689442595805, -0.2197960224616673, -0.19161858425913267, 0.07846747452399486, -0.20198372976380366, -0.1957838594947145, 0.36900746645069266, 0.12577606663556704, 0.12647987180669984, 0.029522842952016605, 0.19507784829531088, 0.06351659023792046, 0.05676385970696448, 0.12303208881787148, 0.3224270345127008, 0.11540232834697936, 0.14835141870720558, -0.2565103979439037, -0.0719550711226212, 0.1778685758788004] |
709.1187 | A spin-dependent local moment approach to the Anderson impurity model | We present an extension of the local moment approach to the Anderson impurity
model with spin-dependent hybridization. By employing the two-self-energy
description, as originally proposed by Logan and co-workers, we applied the
symmetry restoration condition for the case with spin-dependent hybridization.
Self-consistent ground states were determined through variational minimization
of the ground state energy. The results obtained with our spin-dependent local
moment approach applied to a quantum dot system coupled to ferromagnetic leads
are in good agreement with those obtained from previous work using numerical
renormalization group calculations.
| cond-mat.str-el | we present an extension of the local moment approach to the anderson impurity model with spindependent hybridization by employing the twoselfenergy description as originally proposed by logan and coworkers we applied the symmetry restoration condition for the case with spindependent hybridization selfconsistent ground states were determined through variational minimization of the ground state energy the results obtained with our spindependent local moment approach applied to a quantum dot system coupled to ferromagnetic leads are in good agreement with those obtained from previous work using numerical renormalization group calculations | [['we', 'present', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'local', 'moment', 'approach', 'to', 'the', 'anderson', 'impurity', 'model', 'with', 'spindependent', 'hybridization', 'by', 'employing', 'the', 'twoselfenergy', 'description', 'as', 'originally', 'proposed', 'by', 'logan', 'and', 'coworkers', 'we', 'applied', 'the', 'symmetry', 'restoration', 'condition', 'for', 'the', 'case', 'with', 'spindependent', 'hybridization', 'selfconsistent', 'ground', 'states', 'were', 'determined', 'through', 'variational', 'minimization', 'of', 'the', 'ground', 'state', 'energy', 'the', 'results', 'obtained', 'with', 'our', 'spindependent', 'local', 'moment', 'approach', 'applied', 'to', 'a', 'quantum', 'dot', 'system', 'coupled', 'to', 'ferromagnetic', 'leads', 'are', 'in', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'those', 'obtained', 'from', 'previous', 'work', 'using', 'numerical', 'renormalization', 'group', 'calculations']] | [-0.08142093968331471, 0.07976246128630177, -0.06301778990068826, 0.04714155930426271, -0.025304164630414426, -0.12943972933545023, 0.06677459554757452, 0.35793520040253457, -0.21996290209146493, -0.34626084180741473, -0.011849722564059856, -0.29141629949725906, -0.11803413298109482, 0.1659491453694458, 0.03190691821844499, 0.09302795499606037, 0.06241223401786096, -0.008462210900375041, -0.10097811220684784, -0.22230231340161, 0.30863876436333887, 0.045657380188322876, 0.3005160093628641, 0.06866649076363993, 0.03021706794335068, 0.08150527820569174, 0.07076167861192391, 0.0443627147924626, -0.14072772505527212, 0.12822483475360186, 0.2172678613141393, -0.04563177090095377, 0.18401993145288406, -0.47493783597588196, -0.202948571514638, 0.0029226350009270096, 0.10058598300634787, 0.18141798553024902, -0.08828026309091566, -0.3898852646709473, 0.04351824933084948, -0.20334430735815187, -0.14248809276212906, -0.15631157309138055, -0.08786775248831716, 0.0027356577244983323, -0.3135064473835987, 0.12504664043114447, 0.0047428991950663, 0.06515626407731204, -0.10767011893592005, -0.1324380708299042, -0.0228606527122594, 0.06197745720160076, 0.044550771085042296, 0.07154408174342122, 0.10312706606339492, -0.0673573853169707, -0.12469659699127078, 0.3572171140547799, -0.11219214067537465, -0.16332130217703927, 0.16826945053006725, -0.08682254611931998, -0.08603323283926423, 0.11210019274175852, 0.05988262663327757, 0.11048242855474524, -0.15826010287621584, 0.10883045396111884, -0.046411842461033116, 0.11239109175472424, -0.012589872648789623, -0.011336358286251031, 0.14181568826837787, 0.15400103648760538, 0.049424572687210705, 0.1258313658021005, -0.09920046517047389, -0.16005976827836585, -0.26979617588222027, -0.08703164680293579, -0.24939046025104905, 0.04668428184164838, -0.0036477151528554806, -0.10262058856201241, 0.4124595283734045, 0.15574532103371516, 0.17426523355360346, 0.010546027650607043, 0.24333063272716499, 0.17843514530459184, 0.036417855094347536, 0.03098245717360285, 0.24973033596600952, 0.20989774975486786, 0.05604614730089389, -0.30968951402852934, 0.008780556623877465, 0.13290999496848077] |
709.1188 | Particle Velocity Fluctuations in Steady State Sedimentation:
Stratification Controlled Correlations | The structure and dynamics of steady state sedimentation of semi-concentrated
($\phi=0.10$) monodisperse spheres are studied in liquid fluidized beds. Laser
turbidity and particle imaging methods are used to measure the particle
velocity fluctuations and the steady state concentration profiles. Using a wide
range of particle and system sizes, we find that the measured gradients $\nabla
\phi$, the fluctuation magnitudes $\sigma_v$, and their spatial correlation
lengths $\xi$, are not uniform in the columns - they all show strongly
$z-$dependent profiles. These profiles also display a scaling in which results
from different particle sizes collapse together when plotted in the forms
$-a\nabla \phi(z)$, $\xi(z)/a$, and $\sigma_v(z)/v_p$, demonstrating the
universality of the particle dynamics and structure in steady state
sedimentation. Our results are also used to test a recently proposed model for
the correlation lengths $\xi(z)$ in terms of the concentration stratification
$\nabla \phi(z)$ [P.J. Mucha and M.P. Brenner, Phys. Fluids {\bf 15}, 1305
(2003)], $\xi(z)=c_0 a[\phi S(\phi)]^{1/5}[-a\nabla\phi(z)]^{-2/5}$. We find
that the correlation lengths predicted by this model are in very good agreement
with our measured values, showing that the origin of the fluctuation length
$\xi$ lies with the concentration stratification $\nabla \phi$.
| physics.flu-dyn | the structure and dynamics of steady state sedimentation of semiconcentrated phi010 monodisperse spheres are studied in liquid fluidized beds laser turbidity and particle imaging methods are used to measure the particle velocity fluctuations and the steady state concentration profiles using a wide range of particle and system sizes we find that the measured gradients nabla phi the fluctuation magnitudes sigma_v and their spatial correlation lengths xi are not uniform in the columns they all show strongly zdependent profiles these profiles also display a scaling in which results from different particle sizes collapse together when plotted in the forms anabla phiz xiza and sigma_vzv_p demonstrating the universality of the particle dynamics and structure in steady state sedimentation our results are also used to test a recently proposed model for the correlation lengths xiz in terms of the concentration stratification nabla phiz pj mucha and mp brenner phys fluids bf 15 1305 2003 xizc_0 aphi sphi15anablaphiz25 we find that the correlation lengths predicted by this model are in very good agreement with our measured values showing that the origin of the fluctuation length xi lies with the concentration stratification nabla phi | [['the', 'structure', 'and', 'dynamics', 'of', 'steady', 'state', 'sedimentation', 'of', 'semiconcentrated', 'phi010', 'monodisperse', 'spheres', 'are', 'studied', 'in', 'liquid', 'fluidized', 'beds', 'laser', 'turbidity', 'and', 'particle', 'imaging', 'methods', 'are', 'used', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'particle', 'velocity', 'fluctuations', 'and', 'the', 'steady', 'state', 'concentration', 'profiles', 'using', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'particle', 'and', 'system', 'sizes', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'measured', 'gradients', 'nabla', 'phi', 'the', 'fluctuation', 'magnitudes', 'sigma_v', 'and', 'their', 'spatial', 'correlation', 'lengths', 'xi', 'are', 'not', 'uniform', 'in', 'the', 'columns', 'they', 'all', 'show', 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709.1189 | Effect of THz-radiation on Behavior of Male Mice | Effect of terahertz radiation (3.6 THz, 81.5 mkm,15 mV) on some behavioral
patterns of intact mice has been investigated. In home cage mice demonstrated
avoidance of laser ray and enhanced replacement activity in free behavior.
Animals irradiated during 30 minutes manifested an increased level of anxiety,
which was evaluated in the plus maze test on the day following the radiation.
| q-bio.OT | effect of terahertz radiation 36 thz 815 mkm15 mv on some behavioral patterns of intact mice has been investigated in home cage mice demonstrated avoidance of laser ray and enhanced replacement activity in free behavior animals irradiated during 30 minutes manifested an increased level of anxiety which was evaluated in the plus maze test on the day following the radiation | [['effect', 'of', 'terahertz', 'radiation', '36', 'thz', '815', 'mkm15', 'mv', 'on', 'some', 'behavioral', 'patterns', 'of', 'intact', 'mice', 'has', 'been', 'investigated', 'in', 'home', 'cage', 'mice', 'demonstrated', 'avoidance', 'of', 'laser', 'ray', 'and', 'enhanced', 'replacement', 'activity', 'in', 'free', 'behavior', 'animals', 'irradiated', 'during', '30', 'minutes', 'manifested', 'an', 'increased', 'level', 'of', 'anxiety', 'which', 'was', 'evaluated', 'in', 'the', 'plus', 'maze', 'test', 'on', 'the', 'day', 'following', 'the', 'radiation']] | [-0.08768458731504063, 0.20318413504731833, -0.021031010556587224, 0.04766268450451099, -0.0049427827559727225, -0.11077286752919524, 0.05469420023451922, 0.44155691014760634, -0.19012476918208648, -0.3671041183110516, 0.021559487209434354, -0.30843771654339036, -0.11533260702202885, 0.22428750574304643, -0.11921721674754458, 0.0064927026534737165, 0.029553582844466478, 0.02644468916548511, 0.04708122042939067, -0.21793778644779982, 0.14150065512759452, 0.17537468282695293, 0.31411505777830795, 0.07446181239812809, 0.1653468526457831, -0.003653920421345254, -0.04151233806969377, -0.025006472365930676, -0.043834788803705727, -0.009020744025770385, 0.2449659343366906, 0.10027374468854297, 0.30436083220608406, -0.49139779755624674, -0.2349001064509848, 0.0601854965138107, 0.11560369667328768, 0.014968054406581667, -0.10401641673376878, -0.29064301421108135, 0.07868801684008311, -0.1927626103604749, -0.14181854059304094, 0.09960775932502318, 0.045653190065206864, 0.0062481914212832515, -0.16965791324185112, 0.046376646196438095, -0.02159359214543286, 0.23746603192224847, -0.11163477044970871, -0.10578558069922156, -0.02312211461870347, 0.11153476973364161, 0.06305077312103773, 0.027203077598873495, 0.2926116307360767, -0.1451477656472411, -0.14682947677437816, 0.36421649953571417, -0.03310641712682732, -0.004061307110902616, 0.18736673620040134, -0.21037576347786807, -0.07311190136755674, 0.22429100190431384, 0.14271310541257895, 0.10608914847312084, -0.1737249208361668, -0.00907073400508202, 0.05102811934884196, 0.1933833229339729, 0.2105429097378658, -0.045642592596931986, 0.17342845637004, 0.22096585719135858, -0.027275244137114386, 0.13171951837987655, -0.15571988758362704, -0.018299629217234707, -0.17532509204071267, -0.09561263458898007, -0.10755859921544285, 0.06839002095462786, -0.026300965634448913, -0.0920634229699055, 0.43019028342628884, 0.13639622902245088, 0.09331579614525377, -0.018123859736942135, 0.27535439645713666, 0.053377109769163496, 0.09372065502802952, -0.043322074384886326, 0.2566101297729262, 0.0367067073692836, 0.13728627290821366, -0.2769307557619729, 0.09494800965096485, -0.054267327995749855] |
709.119 | Belief-Propagation for Weighted b-Matchings on Arbitrary Graphs and its
Relation to Linear Programs with Integer Solutions | We consider the general problem of finding the minimum weight $\bm$-matching
on arbitrary graphs. We prove that, whenever the linear programming (LP)
relaxation of the problem has no fractional solutions, then the belief
propagation (BP) algorithm converges to the correct solution. We also show that
when the LP relaxation has a fractional solution then the BP algorithm can be
used to solve the LP relaxation. Our proof is based on the notion of graph
covers and extends the analysis of (Bayati-Shah-Sharma 2005 and Huang-Jebara
2007}.
These results are notable in the following regards: (1) It is one of a very
small number of proofs showing correctness of BP without any constraint on the
graph structure. (2) Variants of the proof work for both synchronous and
asynchronous BP; it is the first proof of convergence and correctness of an
asynchronous BP algorithm for a combinatorial optimization problem.
| cs.IT cs.AI math.IT | we consider the general problem of finding the minimum weight bmmatching on arbitrary graphs we prove that whenever the linear programming lp relaxation of the problem has no fractional solutions then the belief propagation bp algorithm converges to the correct solution we also show that when the lp relaxation has a fractional solution then the bp algorithm can be used to solve the lp relaxation our proof is based on the notion of graph covers and extends the analysis of bayatishahsharma 2005 and huangjebara 2007 these results are notable in the following regards 1 it is one of a very small number of proofs showing correctness of bp without any constraint on the graph structure 2 variants of the proof work for both synchronous and asynchronous bp it is the first proof of convergence and correctness of an asynchronous bp algorithm for a combinatorial optimization problem | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'general', 'problem', 'of', 'finding', 'the', 'minimum', 'weight', 'bmmatching', 'on', 'arbitrary', 'graphs', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'whenever', 'the', 'linear', 'programming', 'lp', 'relaxation', 'of', 'the', 'problem', 'has', 'no', 'fractional', 'solutions', 'then', 'the', 'belief', 'propagation', 'bp', 'algorithm', 'converges', 'to', 'the', 'correct', 'solution', 'we', 'also', 'show', 'that', 'when', 'the', 'lp', 'relaxation', 'has', 'a', 'fractional', 'solution', 'then', 'the', 'bp', 'algorithm', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'solve', 'the', 'lp', 'relaxation', 'our', 'proof', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'graph', 'covers', 'and', 'extends', 'the', 'analysis', 'of', 'bayatishahsharma', '2005', 'and', 'huangjebara', '2007', 'these', 'results', 'are', 'notable', 'in', 'the', 'following', 'regards', '1', 'it', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'a', 'very', 'small', 'number', 'of', 'proofs', 'showing', 'correctness', 'of', 'bp', 'without', 'any', 'constraint', 'on', 'the', 'graph', 'structure', '2', 'variants', 'of', 'the', 'proof', 'work', 'for', 'both', 'synchronous', 'and', 'asynchronous', 'bp', 'it', 'is', 'the', 'first', 'proof', 'of', 'convergence', 'and', 'correctness', 'of', 'an', 'asynchronous', 'bp', 'algorithm', 'for', 'a', 'combinatorial', 'optimization', 'problem']] | [-0.12212887791048904, -0.015522300548117991, -0.11472187840568644, 0.06546693872188225, -0.10738223042808004, -0.14220036055983884, 0.0649948255256652, 0.3695503070322028, -0.3307495991686372, -0.29495468387954993, 0.15025981428619423, -0.2284652167879097, -0.19178863574092933, 0.18546358945330124, -0.07757885839425392, 0.08056535179095044, 0.10301178135629092, 0.049774872930394815, -0.07116103279838865, -0.2696504318485056, 0.2616552368776834, 0.006413093352872696, 0.22289015741536874, 0.05799871070271397, 0.10059904314616656, 0.055396056405131844, 0.02114485345872028, 0.01946607065367532, -0.12854878575644063, 0.0989387936188377, 0.2107890935002507, 0.18732790908307306, 0.3154796528861161, -0.40167261195089016, -0.15117858123633413, 0.09997776755737467, 0.1304150929567046, 0.13471982282280295, -0.029358377099734035, -0.21433501628429427, 0.18935542051367774, -0.07757455297465717, -0.0677487366650436, -0.03376111549722565, 0.0165769520730197, 0.026665307082385608, -0.2797972005551805, 0.016135131837466368, 0.16946633563578858, -0.0065823022888361156, -0.08794403241188559, -0.1327598214375793, 0.03618449652632633, 0.038474749429582886, 0.045397755120867876, 0.05495089759164444, 0.05711408833471628, -0.07667930041263987, -0.16854499034922232, 0.33981585407375614, -0.029180811968846962, -0.19981652121157287, 0.16917192097916106, -0.05718906867619884, -0.16649338755580773, 0.11873199465730182, 0.16237869801266783, 0.19197155617607328, -0.10652855476879407, 0.14214865048090322, -0.10806445966937117, 0.16933879619334025, 0.08267662385999636, 0.017369078860986143, 0.09368485203045387, 0.1780985738427567, 0.15683212152753884, 0.1584681314261552, -0.03695398378446438, -0.12112155886223683, -0.27026370068412875, -0.18133260184651487, -0.2025933884445682, 0.033676346333313185, -0.14328049363892434, -0.1756737565204918, 0.42334361387403696, 0.1467244149823966, 0.14821115596597637, 0.15819085012287734, 0.2714597634528275, 0.15736852216426855, 0.0052462534940723405, 0.15618110789715514, 0.2285912419519537, 0.15944175059757346, 0.07958735214624475, -0.22640848025953123, 0.09949671369558037, 0.11499254340045414] |
709.1191 | Thom polynomials of invariant cones, Schur functions, and positivity | We generalize the notion of Thom polynomials from singularities of maps
between two complex manifolds to invariant cones in representations, and
collections of vector bundles. We prove that the generalized Thom polynomials,
expanded in the products of Schur functions of the bundles, have nonnegative
coefficients. For classical Thom polynomials associated with maps of complex
manifolds, this gives an extension of our former result for stable
singularities to nonnecessary stable ones. We also discuss some related aspects
of Thom polynomials, which makes the article expository to some extent.
| math.AG math.SG | we generalize the notion of thom polynomials from singularities of maps between two complex manifolds to invariant cones in representations and collections of vector bundles we prove that the generalized thom polynomials expanded in the products of schur functions of the bundles have nonnegative coefficients for classical thom polynomials associated with maps of complex manifolds this gives an extension of our former result for stable singularities to nonnecessary stable ones we also discuss some related aspects of thom polynomials which makes the article expository to some extent | [['we', 'generalize', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'thom', 'polynomials', 'from', 'singularities', 'of', 'maps', 'between', 'two', 'complex', 'manifolds', 'to', 'invariant', 'cones', 'in', 'representations', 'and', 'collections', 'of', 'vector', 'bundles', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'the', 'generalized', 'thom', 'polynomials', 'expanded', 'in', 'the', 'products', 'of', 'schur', 'functions', 'of', 'the', 'bundles', 'have', 'nonnegative', 'coefficients', 'for', 'classical', 'thom', 'polynomials', 'associated', 'with', 'maps', 'of', 'complex', 'manifolds', 'this', 'gives', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'our', 'former', 'result', 'for', 'stable', 'singularities', 'to', 'nonnecessary', 'stable', 'ones', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'some', 'related', 'aspects', 'of', 'thom', 'polynomials', 'which', 'makes', 'the', 'article', 'expository', 'to', 'some', 'extent']] | [-0.19193348525113416, 0.04261433120148562, -0.1050647032506036, 0.1269085374112166, -0.1046813259907495, -0.13129592793271075, -0.04895470458371886, 0.332900390371509, -0.3627657522929126, -0.13590604692012415, 0.07602490027483295, -0.24785894904842323, -0.2302351804696366, 0.18054454204166073, -0.16487159042340843, 0.03007348727477693, 0.04426554809377967, 0.017711482909989768, -0.12864766095165464, -0.29269286002375017, 0.5024277887082306, 0.02355182228005095, 0.17848285535971323, 0.0806423316645468, 0.10906681987382043, -0.036118357736702966, -0.08686209997247862, -0.05657232659815372, -0.1415748931337904, 0.17848608676804464, 0.32384182042816934, 0.09986999236186431, 0.1690146991094553, -0.33611935808526716, -0.1217595305101111, 0.2179015913025487, 0.1609311212475101, -0.002462311269148071, 0.04617613431697861, -0.2737050401046872, 0.060398427790951455, -0.12520150753037854, -0.22156736186180992, -0.1601100885898046, -0.005428912594443423, 0.07437659867493243, -0.21819029236747617, -0.014490311165492788, 0.11050972087715549, 0.1331207088366065, -0.08280267798202648, -0.13636348811888147, -0.0005031701915993773, 0.054882650627572645, 0.04030419860420556, -0.008027023223667652, 0.054235981180514585, -0.09455512012033884, -0.15317176032982682, 0.3505312690361478, -0.04924639569188671, -0.27638137284612774, 0.13168240601903405, -0.16131052961465955, -0.2434435567079947, 0.1640905295123999, 0.08478009756440404, 0.17044912831558065, 0.007186234050869256, 0.1291854826234356, -0.12387129633376996, 0.020495476708319253, 0.1542945928314979, 0.05286761755980123, 0.14577312735391074, -0.03605403292164121, 0.048915166683473635, 0.17990651561867918, 0.0499922631665711, -0.11880718242783828, -0.3106327187484023, -0.23446463463806558, -0.0829248714298224, 0.128265045219283, -0.1277890657073077, -0.22199272907515666, 0.4732449970304452, 0.09213593248050424, 0.23165047160167804, 0.15195811479004506, 0.21916757245687232, 0.03190315721005244, 0.03688733310749134, 0.009051121771335602, 0.14452734083571503, 0.26968949663870295, 0.07488135135486379, -0.05688012186598418, -0.051762114257562435, 0.2128890198708951] |
709.1192 | K-H_2 Quasi-molecular absorption detected in the T-dwarf epsilon Indi Ba | T-type dwarfs present a broad and shallow absorption feature centred around
6950 A in the blue wing of the K doublet at 0.77 micron which resembles in
depth and shape the satellite absorption predicted by detailed collisional
broadening profiles. In our previous work, the predicted line satellite
position was however somewhat too blue compared to the observed feature. In
this paper we investigate whether new calculations of the energy surfaces of
the potentials in the K-H_2 system, including spin-orbit coupling, result in a
closer coincidence of the satellite with the observed position. We also
investigate the extent to which CaH absorption bands contribute to the feature.
We present model atmospheres and synthetic spectra, including gravitational
settling for an improved description of depth-dependent abundances of
refractory elements, and based on new K-H_2 line profiles using improved
interaction potentials. By comparison with a high signal-to-noise optical
spectrum of the T1 dwarf epsilon Indi Ba, we find that these new models do
reproduce the observed feature, while CaH does not contribute for the
atmospheric parameters considered. We also find that CaH is settled out so deep
into the atmosphere that even turbulent vertical mixing would appear
insufficient to bring significant amounts of CaH to the photosphere in dwarfs
later than ~L5. We conclude that previous identification of the feature at this
location in T and late L dwarf spectra with CaH was erroneous, as expected on
physical grounds: calcium condenses onto grains in early L dwarfs and thus
should have settled out of the photosphere in cooler brown dwarfs. This finding
revokes one observational verification for the cloud-clearing theory: a gradual
clearing of the cloud cover in early T dwarfs.
| astro-ph | ttype dwarfs present a broad and shallow absorption feature centred around 6950 a in the blue wing of the k doublet at 077 micron which resembles in depth and shape the satellite absorption predicted by detailed collisional broadening profiles in our previous work the predicted line satellite position was however somewhat too blue compared to the observed feature in this paper we investigate whether new calculations of the energy surfaces of the potentials in the kh_2 system including spinorbit coupling result in a closer coincidence of the satellite with the observed position we also investigate the extent to which cah absorption bands contribute to the feature we present model atmospheres and synthetic spectra including gravitational settling for an improved description of depthdependent abundances of refractory elements and based on new kh_2 line profiles using improved interaction potentials by comparison with a high signaltonoise optical spectrum of the t1 dwarf epsilon indi ba we find that these new models do reproduce the observed feature while cah does not contribute for the atmospheric parameters considered we also find that cah is settled out so deep into the atmosphere that even turbulent vertical mixing would appear insufficient to bring significant amounts of cah to the photosphere in dwarfs later than l5 we conclude that previous identification of the feature at this location in t and late l dwarf spectra with cah was erroneous as expected on physical grounds calcium condenses onto grains in early l dwarfs and thus should have settled out of the photosphere in cooler brown dwarfs this finding revokes one observational verification for the cloudclearing theory a gradual clearing of the cloud cover in early t dwarfs | [['ttype', 'dwarfs', 'present', 'a', 'broad', 'and', 'shallow', 'absorption', 'feature', 'centred', 'around', '6950', 'a', 'in', 'the', 'blue', 'wing', 'of', 'the', 'k', 'doublet', 'at', '077', 'micron', 'which', 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709.1193 | Hard exclusive processes with photons | Virtual photons have proven to be very efficient probes of the hadronic
structure, mostly through deep inelastic scattering and related processes. The
advent of high luminosity lepton beams has allowed to enlarge the studied
processes to hard exclusive reactions, such as deeply virtual Compton
scattering and the electroproduction of mesons. We discuss theoretical progress
which has lately been quite remarkable in this domain and first much
encouraging experimental data.
| hep-ph nucl-th | virtual photons have proven to be very efficient probes of the hadronic structure mostly through deep inelastic scattering and related processes the advent of high luminosity lepton beams has allowed to enlarge the studied processes to hard exclusive reactions such as deeply virtual compton scattering and the electroproduction of mesons we discuss theoretical progress which has lately been quite remarkable in this domain and first much encouraging experimental data | [['virtual', 'photons', 'have', 'proven', 'to', 'be', 'very', 'efficient', 'probes', 'of', 'the', 'hadronic', 'structure', 'mostly', 'through', 'deep', 'inelastic', 'scattering', 'and', 'related', 'processes', 'the', 'advent', 'of', 'high', 'luminosity', 'lepton', 'beams', 'has', 'allowed', 'to', 'enlarge', 'the', 'studied', 'processes', 'to', 'hard', 'exclusive', 'reactions', 'such', 'as', 'deeply', 'virtual', 'compton', 'scattering', 'and', 'the', 'electroproduction', 'of', 'mesons', 'we', 'discuss', 'theoretical', 'progress', 'which', 'has', 'lately', 'been', 'quite', 'remarkable', 'in', 'this', 'domain', 'and', 'first', 'much', 'encouraging', 'experimental', 'data']] | [-0.02967735813876641, 0.20741797455896935, -0.11984088958875425, 0.1533933842767273, -0.11814619603472343, -0.11249963318308194, 0.03755683249429516, 0.44102060541078664, -0.25020903610772843, -0.24601933082052763, 0.0183831274330589, -0.3112904846911197, -0.0394618165159625, 0.17637232300299016, 0.05630291337687252, 0.15189915526644798, 0.08538573394543018, -0.05214520043059104, 0.012884549540130125, -0.19985488960451947, 0.3255305546875773, 0.11552300799150439, 0.29009371317005245, 0.1919539137136029, 0.06435945060313342, 0.04952713733781939, -0.06588887885563831, -0.07131431981806467, -0.047571387978783554, 0.11773450615937295, 0.3286928217250692, 0.1114060338181646, 0.1504759262012237, -0.47532531484097673, -0.21059513564451018, 0.1008286645932906, 0.22321359440684319, 0.07404351691155275, -0.09208584482531887, -0.29233605155478354, 0.028360016097355147, -0.18653483619994443, -0.10857263646102037, -0.1275017591652231, 0.06422186016773238, -0.040152676872558135, -0.21506433770401348, -0.03999397226784756, -0.049197183752371726, -0.0018670713070078173, -0.02080005678631689, -0.16531998822060617, 0.05547449275162881, 0.0728137554951768, 0.12401904025371524, 0.08559739723315705, 0.11994323809293733, -0.21571811716126252, -0.17676045628183562, 0.38256904123809893, 0.027768753199041752, -0.12439194319270336, 0.24585988674906717, -0.21302017712614674, -0.17384088541502538, 0.20826110370673132, 0.23671869865675166, 0.10632195831208989, -0.21481320928812594, 0.0993234305819699, -0.02779910618952219, 0.10553785759375255, 0.08476047398795819, 0.1019261399489841, 0.15822206205431966, 0.26605186116058327, -0.08473366048217387, 0.10360050901763843, -0.08913586768524154, -0.06208266494660706, -0.24597755347149095, -0.09410340120961917, -0.13432547115329382, 0.0864568198153722, -0.004703914725763278, -0.08983369517153587, 0.29169173332174186, 0.08601679717716963, 0.26907901906583837, -0.04724889569679626, 0.3556677284869838, 0.10958560344094978, 0.13007313619448763, 0.03389229277229827, 0.3613373880153117, 0.19692283218213613, 0.18060899028500568, -0.19815259964029858, 0.08999646723648344, -0.06822032901876862] |
709.1194 | Nonlinear diffusion from Einstein's master equation | We generalize Einstein's master equation for random walk processes by
considering that the probability for a particle at position $r$ to make a jump
of length $j$ lattice sites, $P_j(r)$ is a functional of the particle
distribution function $f(r,t)$. By multiscale expansion, we obtain a
generalized advection-diffusion equation. We show that the power law $P_j(r)
\propto f(r)^{\alpha - 1}$ (with $\alpha > 1$) follows from the requirement
that the generalized equation admits of scaling solutions ($ f(r;t) =
t^{-\gamma}\phi (r/t^{\gamma}) $). The solutions have a $q$-exponential form
and are found to be in agreement with the results of Monte-Carlo simulations,
so providing a microscopic basis validating the nonlinear diffusion equation.
Although its hydrodynamic limit is equivalent to the phenomenological porous
media equation, there are extra terms which, in general, cannot be neglected as
evidenced by the Monte-Carlo computations.}
| cond-mat.stat-mech | we generalize einsteins master equation for random walk processes by considering that the probability for a particle at position r to make a jump of length j lattice sites p_jr is a functional of the particle distribution function frt by multiscale expansion we obtain a generalized advectiondiffusion equation we show that the power law p_jr propto fralpha 1 with alpha 1 follows from the requirement that the generalized equation admits of scaling solutions frt tgammaphi rtgamma the solutions have a qexponential form and are found to be in agreement with the results of montecarlo simulations so providing a microscopic basis validating the nonlinear diffusion equation although its hydrodynamic limit is equivalent to the phenomenological porous media equation there are extra terms which in general cannot be neglected as evidenced by the montecarlo computations | [['we', 'generalize', 'einsteins', 'master', 'equation', 'for', 'random', 'walk', 'processes', 'by', 'considering', 'that', 'the', 'probability', 'for', 'a', 'particle', 'at', 'position', 'r', 'to', 'make', 'a', 'jump', 'of', 'length', 'j', 'lattice', 'sites', 'p_jr', 'is', 'a', 'functional', 'of', 'the', 'particle', 'distribution', 'function', 'frt', 'by', 'multiscale', 'expansion', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'generalized', 'advectiondiffusion', 'equation', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'power', 'law', 'p_jr', 'propto', 'fralpha', '1', 'with', 'alpha', '1', 'follows', 'from', 'the', 'requirement', 'that', 'the', 'generalized', 'equation', 'admits', 'of', 'scaling', 'solutions', 'frt', 'tgammaphi', 'rtgamma', 'the', 'solutions', 'have', 'a', 'qexponential', 'form', 'and', 'are', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'montecarlo', 'simulations', 'so', 'providing', 'a', 'microscopic', 'basis', 'validating', 'the', 'nonlinear', 'diffusion', 'equation', 'although', 'its', 'hydrodynamic', 'limit', 'is', 'equivalent', 'to', 'the', 'phenomenological', 'porous', 'media', 'equation', 'there', 'are', 'extra', 'terms', 'which', 'in', 'general', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'neglected', 'as', 'evidenced', 'by', 'the', 'montecarlo', 'computations']] | [-0.1033863133786676, 0.119380734835823, -0.11818059088590627, 0.0695136664309897, -0.06827339288563683, -0.1631277185255805, -0.010223524575121701, 0.31096249729251635, -0.25833563250847735, -0.24981248199294967, 0.06229831312174121, -0.3137775053807463, -0.1347044700326828, 0.16451341264003602, 0.019523070046964745, 0.0591951902225936, 0.031671272728663796, 0.008752426977914113, -0.03135123653068709, -0.19185008636245934, 0.29593737077397797, 0.05367153956232449, 0.220036737654188, 0.018211630407649164, 0.13341852616554556, -0.03394639089058798, -0.018354342706823866, 0.06457009498173227, -0.20527586906229353, 0.03342324756880631, 0.20399973113716652, 0.0579531373653131, 0.2570385017217352, -0.4283601665367874, -0.2720861992368904, 0.06643245746739782, 0.1640705896469836, 0.11571068777613198, -0.03352031096314582, -0.23835646307024244, 0.06676368027065809, -0.18289577508918367, -0.1939649216293429, -0.06572768200332156, 0.052790219483610526, 0.08902480739813584, -0.3062042618349481, 0.1465907333096346, 0.03001908093977433, -0.003607008448587014, -0.05035651105438144, -0.1002332034941691, -0.010370098240673541, 0.052000428529348795, 0.053419807811140065, 0.03676853967973819, 0.1071512638985251, -0.12770884250505612, -0.07926788743800268, 0.4085037763696164, -0.0952067775795093, -0.278219033849354, 0.11219389535164317, -0.15217448379575776, -0.11895505124344849, 0.11151455418708232, 0.08586787256913689, 0.10525014192484937, -0.185008885890532, 0.13992543422858805, -0.05114807997686932, 0.14811791775461572, 0.052158050103865275, -0.02396516409314175, 0.15300857753922734, 0.14279329722496467, 0.006443364837636741, 0.10292789765920203, -0.012785577532262183, -0.14955846549083407, -0.3311299925741668, -0.15573512163514702, -0.21768874891388876, 0.10981067124084802, -0.15513184486895065, -0.15879888175986706, 0.33199983176309616, 0.13000745568245362, 0.1524484151401199, 0.11355891017547737, 0.19948803240863178, 0.23227894570624744, 0.02364040224884565, 0.1017153006620132, 0.19716835047942227, 0.14424382124830468, 0.1205111221696895, -0.19743393461685627, 0.056573469130895455, 0.11706259327295881] |
709.1195 | Selective advantage for sexual reproduction with random haploid fusion | This paper develops a simplified set of models describing asexual and sexual
replication in unicel- lular diploid organisms. The models assume organisms
whose genomes consist of two chromosomes, where each chromosome is assumed to
be functional if it is equal to some master sequence $ \sigma_0 $, and
non-functional otherwise. The first-order growth rate constant, or fitness, of
an organism, is determined by whether it has zero, one, or two functional
chromosomes in its genome. For a population replicating asexually, a given cell
replicates both of its chromosomes, and splits its genetic material evenly
between the two cells. For a population replicating sexually, a given cell
first divides into two haploids, which enter a haploid pool, fuse into
diploids, and then divide via the normal mitotic process. Haploid fusion is
modeled as a second-order rate process. When the cost for sex is small, as
measured by the ratio of the characteristic haploid fusion time to the
characteristic growth time, we find that sexual replication with random haploid
fusion leads to a greater mean fitness for the population than a purely asexual
strategy. However, independently of the cost for sex, we find that sexual
replication with a selective mating strategy leads to a higher mean fitness
than the random mating strategy. This result is based on the assumption that a
selective mating strategy does not have any additional time or energy costs
over the random mating strategy, an assumption that is discussed in the paper.
The results of this paper are consistent with previous studies suggesting that
sex is favored at intermediate mutation rates, for slowly replicating
organisms, and at high population densities.
| q-bio.PE q-bio.CB | this paper develops a simplified set of models describing asexual and sexual replication in unicel lular diploid organisms the models assume organisms whose genomes consist of two chromosomes where each chromosome is assumed to be functional if it is equal to some master sequence sigma_0 and nonfunctional otherwise the firstorder growth rate constant or fitness of an organism is determined by whether it has zero one or two functional chromosomes in its genome for a population replicating asexually a given cell replicates both of its chromosomes and splits its genetic material evenly between the two cells for a population replicating sexually a given cell first divides into two haploids which enter a haploid pool fuse into diploids and then divide via the normal mitotic process haploid fusion is modeled as a secondorder rate process when the cost for sex is small as measured by the ratio of the characteristic haploid fusion time to the characteristic growth time we find that sexual replication with random haploid fusion leads to a greater mean fitness for the population than a purely asexual strategy however independently of the cost for sex we find that sexual replication with a selective mating strategy leads to a higher mean fitness than the random mating strategy this result is based on the assumption that a selective mating strategy does not have any additional time or energy costs over the random mating strategy an assumption that is discussed in the paper the results of this paper are consistent with previous studies suggesting that sex is favored at intermediate mutation rates for slowly replicating organisms and at high population densities | [['this', 'paper', 'develops', 'a', 'simplified', 'set', 'of', 'models', 'describing', 'asexual', 'and', 'sexual', 'replication', 'in', 'unicel', 'lular', 'diploid', 'organisms', 'the', 'models', 'assume', 'organisms', 'whose', 'genomes', 'consist', 'of', 'two', 'chromosomes', 'where', 'each', 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709.1196 | Combination of inverse spectral transform method and method of
characteristics: deformed Pohlmeyer equation | We apply a version of the dressing method to a system of four dimensional
nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), which contains both Pohlmeyer
equation (i.e. nonlinear PDE integrable by the Inverse Spectral Transform
Method) and nonlinear matrix PDE integrable by the method of characteristics as
particular reductions. Some other reductions are suggested.
| nlin.SI | we apply a version of the dressing method to a system of four dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations pdes which contains both pohlmeyer equation ie nonlinear pde integrable by the inverse spectral transform method and nonlinear matrix pde integrable by the method of characteristics as particular reductions some other reductions are suggested | [['we', 'apply', 'a', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'dressing', 'method', 'to', 'a', 'system', 'of', 'four', 'dimensional', 'nonlinear', 'partial', 'differential', 'equations', 'pdes', 'which', 'contains', 'both', 'pohlmeyer', 'equation', 'ie', 'nonlinear', 'pde', 'integrable', 'by', 'the', 'inverse', 'spectral', 'transform', 'method', 'and', 'nonlinear', 'matrix', 'pde', 'integrable', 'by', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'characteristics', 'as', 'particular', 'reductions', 'some', 'other', 'reductions', 'are', 'suggested']] | [-0.07268539672860733, -0.010445615953918045, -0.06460220640740143, 0.07570894525941604, -0.14003866631537676, -0.18313915631733835, -0.10238345429444543, 0.28074744544350183, -0.33992289705201983, -0.2483200406243738, 0.17803091852245137, -0.31089767278172076, -0.24550071781357893, 0.2308381956178122, -0.04218103718505098, 0.15780126618651244, 0.08088586945086718, -0.01619434545192724, -0.14921799811642045, -0.27011110153622353, 0.37852771307986516, -0.09468457700971228, 0.22636615610323274, -0.05967343000408549, 0.24338304332923144, -0.011137391552508164, -0.0589174406710439, 0.01634360378823028, -0.07769654372420448, 0.09870250623834391, 0.26724936282978606, 0.04457960229438658, 0.24815492138553125, -0.38430985980308974, -0.23715970354477087, 0.031228181512023393, 0.1427998985790719, 0.14339244120996086, 0.002275752261854135, -0.2975597578244141, -0.0014601966652732629, -0.1315043239424435, -0.18835648097312793, -0.0925949433988605, -0.023993691572776206, 0.05850735976575659, -0.25936214432406884, 0.12921733065293386, 0.10639200649725702, -0.0037635220528150406, -0.10086731196721442, -0.08070926804122372, -0.045246446648469336, -0.03966241112301269, -0.010581782808563171, -0.05821605125003351, 0.035881435916123264, -0.1163135498121007, -0.11499432966901132, 0.3629622843761284, -0.10010436278893255, -0.32738590299581677, 0.13319490405802542, -0.060716054115730986, -0.13243325542694387, 0.19549531355285302, 0.19873580952676442, 0.1250312812268161, -0.21349961750316793, 0.15115323629512345, -0.04140927684672464, 0.16621195546423012, 0.05857023336172391, -0.00827577760299811, 0.03174183154120468, 0.15139035074165663, 0.08021872522882544, 0.11828730959342255, 0.00802213571464213, -0.1349566914141178, -0.31024430599063635, -0.12655252018549407, -0.08739931060699746, 0.10042550078091714, -0.10596213601512808, -0.1851611573678943, 0.4164460227609827, 0.12067381634103815, 0.11844158871099353, 0.03436887740882902, 0.22034673697243518, 0.2925766686743233, 0.01905625329639476, 0.002001128338563901, 0.14327249496272998, 0.2303766466301078, 0.13900943075378352, -0.2949597647127051, -0.0863859202229203, 0.2553103546468684] |
709.1197 | An efficient algorithm finds noticeable trends and examples concerning
the \v{C}erny conjecture | A word w is called synchronizing (recurrent, reset, directed) word of a
deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if w sends all states of the automaton on
a unique state. Jan Cerny had found in 1964 a sequence of n-state complete DFA
with shortest synchronizing word of length (n-1)^2. He had conjectured that it
is an upper bound for the length of the shortest synchronizing word for any
$n$-state complete DFA.
The examples of DFA with shortest synchronizing word of length (n-1)^2 are
relatively rare. To the Cerny sequence were added in all examples of Cerny,
Piricka and Rosenauerova (1971), of Kari (2001) and of Roman (2004).
By help of a program based on some effective algorithms, a wide class of
automata of size less than 11 was checked. The order of the algorithm finding
synchronizing word is quadratic for overwhelming majority of known to date
automata. Some new examples of n-state DFA with minimal synchronizing word of
length (n-1)^2 were discovered. The program recognized some remarkable trends
concerning the length of the minimal synchronizing word.
http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~trakht/Testas.html
| cs.DM | a word w is called synchronizing recurrent reset directed word of a deterministic finite automaton dfa if w sends all states of the automaton on a unique state jan cerny had found in 1964 a sequence of nstate complete dfa with shortest synchronizing word of length n12 he had conjectured that it is an upper bound for the length of the shortest synchronizing word for any nstate complete dfa the examples of dfa with shortest synchronizing word of length n12 are relatively rare to the cerny sequence were added in all examples of cerny piricka and rosenauerova 1971 of kari 2001 and of roman 2004 by help of a program based on some effective algorithms a wide class of automata of size less than 11 was checked the order of the algorithm finding synchronizing word is quadratic for overwhelming majority of known to date automata some new examples of nstate dfa with minimal synchronizing word of length n12 were discovered the program recognized some remarkable trends concerning the length of the minimal synchronizing word httpwwwcsbiuaciltrakhttestashtml | [['a', 'word', 'w', 'is', 'called', 'synchronizing', 'recurrent', 'reset', 'directed', 'word', 'of', 'a', 'deterministic', 'finite', 'automaton', 'dfa', 'if', 'w', 'sends', 'all', 'states', 'of', 'the', 'automaton', 'on', 'a', 'unique', 'state', 'jan', 'cerny', 'had', 'found', 'in', '1964', 'a', 'sequence', 'of', 'nstate', 'complete', 'dfa', 'with', 'shortest', 'synchronizing', 'word', 'of', 'length', 'n12', 'he', 'had', 'conjectured', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'an', 'upper', 'bound', 'for', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'shortest', 'synchronizing', 'word', 'for', 'any', 'nstate', 'complete', 'dfa', 'the', 'examples', 'of', 'dfa', 'with', 'shortest', 'synchronizing', 'word', 'of', 'length', 'n12', 'are', 'relatively', 'rare', 'to', 'the', 'cerny', 'sequence', 'were', 'added', 'in', 'all', 'examples', 'of', 'cerny', 'piricka', 'and', 'rosenauerova', '1971', 'of', 'kari', '2001', 'and', 'of', 'roman', '2004', 'by', 'help', 'of', 'a', 'program', 'based', 'on', 'some', 'effective', 'algorithms', 'a', 'wide', 'class', 'of', 'automata', 'of', 'size', 'less', 'than', '11', 'was', 'checked', 'the', 'order', 'of', 'the', 'algorithm', 'finding', 'synchronizing', 'word', 'is', 'quadratic', 'for', 'overwhelming', 'majority', 'of', 'known', 'to', 'date', 'automata', 'some', 'new', 'examples', 'of', 'nstate', 'dfa', 'with', 'minimal', 'synchronizing', 'word', 'of', 'length', 'n12', 'were', 'discovered', 'the', 'program', 'recognized', 'some', 'remarkable', 'trends', 'concerning', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'minimal', 'synchronizing', 'word', 'httpwwwcsbiuaciltrakhttestashtml']] | [-0.16628680977365273, 0.21483478448050825, -0.016409084604251698, 0.12406826583969104, -0.07517683883955659, -0.22477535102624707, 0.1426024828986048, 0.3667049260463479, -0.2868928945255141, -0.2758284022890811, 0.07188256509124226, -0.33041071764540014, -0.1181716698324741, 0.23351766583834624, -0.09540471056649505, 0.13235572606005686, 0.12514726274246132, 0.17330956760642313, 0.02859451771824794, -0.31337779370504754, 0.21265860262115724, 0.01939534445206613, 0.21258301226162288, -0.053960430394887904, 0.09429367958719648, -0.021500914316654185, -0.069898575159916, -0.002122533423717805, -0.11441016641092996, 0.08350789127702186, 0.24972959058386338, 0.1872815067817587, 0.2775154251735224, -0.33352747463166366, -0.17377831071052094, 0.1744049124258603, 0.10772596055176109, 0.12778159731871794, 0.0062430274475170945, -0.28008004915792234, 0.1677748786649656, -0.13343718732290274, -0.048863707947528506, 0.049292576158159344, 0.21260099021208928, 0.04753458880559476, -0.17384167713367618, -0.010069984680909371, 0.16166833757428278, 0.10204318448001665, -0.0065007457607100866, -0.13735294060207642, 0.015742369430670297, 0.12109003403375662, -0.01703641405410328, 0.06473860595047712, -0.007678043478991576, -0.04714667261307409, -0.2431144482012145, 0.32289113521272705, -0.06676947144389783, -0.12348542806995642, 0.1705324335286372, -0.07468948545215955, -0.16570566351752902, 0.16196017064692908, 0.08800355174245725, 0.054819421084641023, -0.12720699289402124, 0.12086345178960432, -0.16082068238688937, 0.26232503970738413, 0.17027636043738228, 0.017393893456671302, 0.12818581240554883, 0.22686215382350913, 0.0307375849387067, 0.1502145291360225, 0.016988660406516216, -0.04096809156823817, -0.2609126708811409, -0.1587661795150949, -0.19940705913481802, 0.03405170829297953, -0.0647299603454506, -0.23328744049378952, 0.41446878360909256, 0.10128440032036282, 0.1270878460139123, 0.21146585123050352, 0.1570542972388699, 0.10290984645469634, 0.028913447833728304, 0.14914401719985573, 0.09439485434420423, 0.12844934380209874, 0.0009632704097257797, -0.23391455394854813, 0.11041648276854134, 0.2083566713290354] |
709.1198 | Complex Projection of Quasianti-Hermitian Quaternionic Hamiltonian
Dynamics | We characterize the subclass of quasianti-Hermitian quaternionic Hamiltonian
dynamics such that their complex projections are one-parameter semigroup
dynamics in the space of complex quasi-Hermitian density matrices. As an
example, the complex projection of a spin-1/2 system in a constant
quasianti-Hermitian quaternionic potential is considered.
| math-ph math.MP quant-ph | we characterize the subclass of quasiantihermitian quaternionic hamiltonian dynamics such that their complex projections are oneparameter semigroup dynamics in the space of complex quasihermitian density matrices as an example the complex projection of a spin12 system in a constant quasiantihermitian quaternionic potential is considered | [['we', 'characterize', 'the', 'subclass', 'of', 'quasiantihermitian', 'quaternionic', 'hamiltonian', 'dynamics', 'such', 'that', 'their', 'complex', 'projections', 'are', 'oneparameter', 'semigroup', 'dynamics', 'in', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'complex', 'quasihermitian', 'density', 'matrices', 'as', 'an', 'example', 'the', 'complex', 'projection', 'of', 'a', 'spin12', 'system', 'in', 'a', 'constant', 'quasiantihermitian', 'quaternionic', 'potential', 'is', 'considered']] | [-0.19567515950819309, 0.13509318284691704, -0.0172778339527378, 0.11526897722400133, -0.045450307725166735, -0.12505101545883174, -0.07852695747913624, 0.3715986998921091, -0.31611759636805137, -0.1605544669225558, 0.10951315173985098, -0.2778622889679603, -0.23746554892171512, 0.1682972085916183, -0.019208080886693842, 0.07495585924268446, 0.024003177013417535, 0.07950430068674243, -0.15771307920592584, -0.17184424201365223, 0.3835005271671848, -0.004766141191463579, 0.1532601461407136, -0.041140415324744856, 0.09116208934309808, 0.03756769267651676, 0.039054448208348316, -0.02413952745965534, -0.08298864372855777, 0.06873757182620466, 0.23718399868812412, 0.10308451919858767, 0.21046822367828677, -0.39797143506902183, -0.22555878419767728, 0.2032001856714487, 0.12577344372402877, 0.0284731193149293, -0.037347288273105565, -0.30791593101722275, -0.04205293251751838, -0.1627533658068966, -0.2173598585861989, -0.15670254758813165, 0.05703709414228797, 0.007576034912331538, -0.20870493750341915, 0.06836802333551036, 0.08448816497217525, 0.07341057481244206, -0.07538184108985164, -0.06358490051140754, -0.045634405094791546, 0.0892571658107706, -0.07797327015908774, 0.011596144145269964, 0.14519583392591978, -0.06432264144214886, -0.10657934326974844, 0.39637994224374945, -0.0588800084607845, -0.336226553412747, 0.13807989218780262, -0.16559775252244435, -0.17333321540023794, 0.11489874742586505, 0.164254938040606, 0.13956321204419841, -0.13717470456189898, 0.21099451230838895, -0.12944425584547306, 0.0750658467665992, -0.01298093045426702, 0.029333628724667837, 0.12521521042270417, 0.14249047874049706, 0.09734332197430459, 0.11566480062901974, 0.04272717466069893, -0.2046986624746668, -0.28783514962362294, -0.2271672779355537, -0.20033509062010457, 0.1466931144664572, -0.131746210872238, -0.2274940958754583, 0.4540341891750524, 0.01622540357691998, 0.20120418804105034, 0.005485920553010973, 0.18198563033630225, 0.10203939913084138, -0.0021265670445493674, 0.03556037043348293, 0.1455538376149806, 0.22025033171204003, 0.03437659317966212, -0.20215539744822308, -0.041593644842082125, 0.11339893427529288] |
709.1199 | Generalized Misner-Sharp quasi-local mass in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet
gravity | We investigate properties of a quasi-local mass in a higher-dimensional
spacetime having symmetries corresponding to the isomertries of an
$(n-2)$-dimensional maximally symmetric space in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
in the presence of a cosmological constant. We assume that the Gauss-Bonnet
coupling constant is non-negative. The quasi-local mass was recently defined by
one of the authors as a counterpart of the Misner-Sharp quasi-local mass in
general relativity. The quasi-local mass is found to be a quasi-local conserved
charge associated with a locally conserved current constructed from the
generalized Kodama vector and exhibits the unified first law corresponding to
the energy-balance law. In the asymptotically flat case, it converges to the
Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass at spacelike infinity, while it does to the
Deser-Tekin and Padilla mass at infinity in the case of asymptotically AdS.
Under the dominant energy condition, we show the monotonicity of the
quasi-local mass for any $k$, while the positivity on an untrapped hypersurface
with a regular center is shown for $k=1$ and for $k=0$ with an additional
condition, where $k=\pm1,0$ is the constant sectional curvature of each spatial
section of equipotential surfaces. Under a special relation between coupling
constants, positivity of the quasi-local mass is shown for any $k$ without
assumptions above. We also classify all the vacuum solutions by utilizing the
generalized Kodama vector. Lastly, several conjectures on further
generalization of the quasi-local mass in Lovelock gravity are proposed.
| hep-th gr-qc | we investigate properties of a quasilocal mass in a higherdimensional spacetime having symmetries corresponding to the isomertries of an n2dimensional maximally symmetric space in einsteingaussbonnet gravity in the presence of a cosmological constant we assume that the gaussbonnet coupling constant is nonnegative the quasilocal mass was recently defined by one of the authors as a counterpart of the misnersharp quasilocal mass in general relativity the quasilocal mass is found to be a quasilocal conserved charge associated with a locally conserved current constructed from the generalized kodama vector and exhibits the unified first law corresponding to the energybalance law in the asymptotically flat case it converges to the arnowittdesermisner mass at spacelike infinity while it does to the desertekin and padilla mass at infinity in the case of asymptotically ads under the dominant energy condition we show the monotonicity of the quasilocal mass for any k while the positivity on an untrapped hypersurface with a regular center is shown for k1 and for k0 with an additional condition where kpm10 is the constant sectional curvature of each spatial section of equipotential surfaces under a special relation between coupling constants positivity of the quasilocal mass is shown for any k without assumptions above we also classify all the vacuum solutions by utilizing the generalized kodama vector lastly several conjectures on further generalization of the quasilocal mass in lovelock gravity are proposed | [['we', 'investigate', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'quasilocal', 'mass', 'in', 'a', 'higherdimensional', 'spacetime', 'having', 'symmetries', 'corresponding', 'to', 'the', 'isomertries', 'of', 'an', 'n2dimensional', 'maximally', 'symmetric', 'space', 'in', 'einsteingaussbonnet', 'gravity', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'cosmological', 'constant', 'we', 'assume', 'that', 'the', 'gaussbonnet', 'coupling', 'constant', 'is', 'nonnegative', 'the', 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'untrapped', 'hypersurface', 'with', 'a', 'regular', 'center', 'is', 'shown', 'for', 'k1', 'and', 'for', 'k0', 'with', 'an', 'additional', 'condition', 'where', 'kpm10', 'is', 'the', 'constant', 'sectional', 'curvature', 'of', 'each', 'spatial', 'section', 'of', 'equipotential', 'surfaces', 'under', 'a', 'special', 'relation', 'between', 'coupling', 'constants', 'positivity', 'of', 'the', 'quasilocal', 'mass', 'is', 'shown', 'for', 'any', 'k', 'without', 'assumptions', 'above', 'we', 'also', 'classify', 'all', 'the', 'vacuum', 'solutions', 'by', 'utilizing', 'the', 'generalized', 'kodama', 'vector', 'lastly', 'several', 'conjectures', 'on', 'further', 'generalization', 'of', 'the', 'quasilocal', 'mass', 'in', 'lovelock', 'gravity', 'are', 'proposed']] | [-0.17259117205054458, 0.12401696596472613, -0.06811045750819014, 0.07971752057546354, -0.07546069767260183, -0.1421026004379434, -0.023678109832767365, 0.2895536809331383, -0.19506979022258522, -0.25817770228785075, 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709.12 | Role of the cooling rate in the stability of the superconducting phase
of (TMTSF)_2ClO_4 | The noncentrosymmetric ClO$_4$ anions of the organic superconductor
(TMTSF)$_2$ClO$_4$ order below 24K. The size of domains where the anions are
ordered is substantially dependent on the cooling rate which is a key parameter
for the stability of the low temperature electronic ground states. We study the
effect of the cooling rate on the SC phase within a self consistent approach in
the framework of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory taking into account
the superconducting fluctuations. We derive the superconducting transition
temperature which is found to decrease with increasing cooling rate in
agreement with recent experimental data.
| cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el | the noncentrosymmetric clo_4 anions of the organic superconductor tmtsf_2clo_4 order below 24k the size of domains where the anions are ordered is substantially dependent on the cooling rate which is a key parameter for the stability of the low temperature electronic ground states we study the effect of the cooling rate on the sc phase within a self consistent approach in the framework of the time dependent ginzburglandau theory taking into account the superconducting fluctuations we derive the superconducting transition temperature which is found to decrease with increasing cooling rate in agreement with recent experimental data | [['the', 'noncentrosymmetric', 'clo_4', 'anions', 'of', 'the', 'organic', 'superconductor', 'tmtsf_2clo_4', 'order', 'below', '24k', 'the', 'size', 'of', 'domains', 'where', 'the', 'anions', 'are', 'ordered', 'is', 'substantially', 'dependent', 'on', 'the', 'cooling', 'rate', 'which', 'is', 'a', 'key', 'parameter', 'for', 'the', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'low', 'temperature', 'electronic', 'ground', 'states', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'cooling', 'rate', 'on', 'the', 'sc', 'phase', 'within', 'a', 'self', 'consistent', 'approach', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'the', 'time', 'dependent', 'ginzburglandau', 'theory', 'taking', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'superconducting', 'fluctuations', 'we', 'derive', 'the', 'superconducting', 'transition', 'temperature', 'which', 'is', 'found', 'to', 'decrease', 'with', 'increasing', 'cooling', 'rate', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'recent', 'experimental', 'data']] | [-0.16642212616473748, 0.21904647623887286, -0.02979984374299723, 0.009410743935101587, -0.01264840812412634, -0.08970900813195233, 0.11066710101416295, 0.32739368226611987, -0.2168690638670038, -0.2848122880483667, 0.04995320377202006, -0.30569159554336994, -0.03514147252038432, 0.17226080240652664, 0.05109352283519305, 0.010653841052165566, -0.057433777808910236, 0.02262890135170892, -0.11675034229483572, -0.22710186162536652, 0.3085845271392221, 0.07750083688491334, 0.3543527166863593, 0.11086535493571621, 0.03394392098925891, -0.05515134700302345, 0.08920652175099046, 0.027768202281246584, -0.1915959157583226, 0.05891900755705137, 0.2538524858440117, -0.03719452014289951, 0.21007005920788893, -0.44261558415989083, -0.24959420818292224, 0.060620240369947474, 0.11809058464496047, 0.13640379461139673, -0.06794584109108352, -0.26074999440121854, 0.03667157372304549, -0.13840309867130904, -0.08582845333876321, -0.0510570002758565, -0.002303933162086954, 0.03257952576920312, -0.27435302940042067, 0.12264379121673603, 0.03689829296005579, 0.047648334419742845, -0.14211094089841936, -0.12980735510063823, -0.04455749783664942, 0.043469626474688994, 0.04274792796786642, 0.07313105767389061, 0.1563463260511829, -0.09315405134839239, -0.03097779979483069, 0.35016749510153505, -0.07706448143411156, -0.05553034387412481, 0.1285921268427046, -0.1756167366693262, -0.08697365068655927, 0.1895385999523569, 0.1292451936751604, 0.09847881612950005, -0.10102966104750521, 0.06968293838902657, 0.005199121272501846, 0.2212309763514592, -0.02457107692074108, 0.07456714648704595, 0.19201314727251884, 0.25416966702323407, 0.014978512073867023, 0.15538797920453362, -0.0976864312882147, -0.124536747665843, -0.25563348759897053, -0.1620732075049697, -0.17938861904258374, -0.014085444694501348, -0.09189542096282821, -0.16302129313892996, 0.3751850757980719, 0.16538541997094094, 0.20844299246285422, -0.010941569404773569, 0.2680890525856133, 0.13947475499783954, 0.08968856221569392, 0.029616952853151208, 0.24686298463105535, 0.15464633125035712, 0.09945804881863296, -0.3487542220536852, 0.12100905143718894, 0.020809461653698236] |
709.1201 | On the Proof Complexity of Deep Inference | We obtain two results about the proof complexity of deep inference: 1)
deep-inference proof systems are as powerful as Frege ones, even when both are
extended with the Tseitin extension rule or with the substitution rule; 2)
there are analytic deep-inference proof systems that exhibit an exponential
speed-up over analytic Gentzen proof systems that they polynomially simulate.
| cs.CC cs.LO math.LO | we obtain two results about the proof complexity of deep inference 1 deepinference proof systems are as powerful as frege ones even when both are extended with the tseitin extension rule or with the substitution rule 2 there are analytic deepinference proof systems that exhibit an exponential speedup over analytic gentzen proof systems that they polynomially simulate | [['we', 'obtain', 'two', 'results', 'about', 'the', 'proof', 'complexity', 'of', 'deep', 'inference', '1', 'deepinference', 'proof', 'systems', 'are', 'as', 'powerful', 'as', 'frege', 'ones', 'even', 'when', 'both', 'are', 'extended', 'with', 'the', 'tseitin', 'extension', 'rule', 'or', 'with', 'the', 'substitution', 'rule', '2', 'there', 'are', 'analytic', 'deepinference', 'proof', 'systems', 'that', 'exhibit', 'an', 'exponential', 'speedup', 'over', 'analytic', 'gentzen', 'proof', 'systems', 'that', 'they', 'polynomially', 'simulate']] | [-0.11438327614348709, 0.035779108291567434, -0.12372125861676116, 0.1599425134951608, -0.09272459682011813, -0.2424582539028243, 0.04190323273079437, 0.36265910442983895, -0.25173851246373696, -0.3054443403359568, 0.1833574613311181, -0.2620623883578861, -0.15684543685628133, 0.270535175717158, -0.034533873727349076, -0.002714273323746104, 0.0674552684813215, -0.003706897061579583, -0.05386776341025293, -0.2922778864505521, 0.26349150523412646, -0.03238285011499548, 0.17767205388334237, 0.011564233695696058, 0.05609543808621534, 0.018768366516093937, -0.00804520850151516, -0.003997034197183032, -0.0872778926453688, 0.1201111555687691, 0.2773206120912443, 0.16582528550357542, 0.25569240350210876, -0.4063365301117301, -0.14127426751350103, 0.11351108521615204, 0.18133586220312536, 0.1286794058651778, -0.027649102936776585, -0.2463468048607179, 0.10139609716440502, -0.18101194408607849, -0.1235943104362824, -0.1713435264761772, 0.020005004721481288, 0.06640119990219032, -0.2180862057823361, 0.03749467577915965, 0.25146903982385993, 0.13481866426994665, -0.03398725853644704, -0.15993528743682986, 0.05473133253358435, 0.013974496435574173, 0.00789435416982885, 0.038446491649537756, 0.08098431139481826, -0.07294876522204854, -0.19185703911148666, 0.30244458556632725, -0.019615549063146637, -0.18984797364917763, 0.2434983377818737, -0.06477081350851477, -0.15142607348235815, 0.1279238311965999, 0.09708304198360757, 0.11740580154582858, -0.09098461121366679, 0.10699889883235619, -0.08820296902405589, 0.21701845000579692, 0.09243935852295213, 0.07488455322750828, 0.10628211674721617, 0.13433074043949314, 0.06794175070203971, 0.11589917377568781, 0.054954036163460264, -0.17083947951170175, -0.2909416368623313, -0.16027447108073128, -0.1361430352022708, 0.09201358232581824, -0.11405229927939281, -0.18033346402859152, 0.2525197582548125, 0.11599140560352489, 0.16162371129745193, 0.21991439219645895, 0.27069254975210416, 0.13985177684624336, 0.10137369585011088, 0.08961584619815735, 0.16272076688249382, 0.13620146058434457, 0.06277284735053974, -0.09860002974930562, 0.07332568617308871, 0.12301891783187002] |
709.1202 | Towards Z_2-protected gauge--Higgs unification | In theories with flux compactification in eight or higher dimensions, the
extra-dimensional components of the gauge field may be regarded as the Higgs
field candidates. We suggest a way to protect these components from getting
large tree-level masses by imposing a $Z_2$-symmetry acting on compact
manifolds and background fields on them. In our scheme the infinite series of
heavy KK modes naturally decouples from the light Higgs candidates, whose
number is generically larger than one. We also present toy models with three
families of leptons, illustrating that the Yukawa sector in our scheme is
fairly strongly constrained. In one of these models, one fermion gets a
tree-level mass after electroweak symmetry breaking, while two others remain
naturally massless at the tree level.
| hep-ph hep-th | in theories with flux compactification in eight or higher dimensions the extradimensional components of the gauge field may be regarded as the higgs field candidates we suggest a way to protect these components from getting large treelevel masses by imposing a z_2symmetry acting on compact manifolds and background fields on them in our scheme the infinite series of heavy kk modes naturally decouples from the light higgs candidates whose number is generically larger than one we also present toy models with three families of leptons illustrating that the yukawa sector in our scheme is fairly strongly constrained in one of these models one fermion gets a treelevel mass after electroweak symmetry breaking while two others remain naturally massless at the tree level | [['in', 'theories', 'with', 'flux', 'compactification', 'in', 'eight', 'or', 'higher', 'dimensions', 'the', 'extradimensional', 'components', 'of', 'the', 'gauge', 'field', 'may', 'be', 'regarded', 'as', 'the', 'higgs', 'field', 'candidates', 'we', 'suggest', 'a', 'way', 'to', 'protect', 'these', 'components', 'from', 'getting', 'large', 'treelevel', 'masses', 'by', 'imposing', 'a', 'z_2symmetry', 'acting', 'on', 'compact', 'manifolds', 'and', 'background', 'fields', 'on', 'them', 'in', 'our', 'scheme', 'the', 'infinite', 'series', 'of', 'heavy', 'kk', 'modes', 'naturally', 'decouples', 'from', 'the', 'light', 'higgs', 'candidates', 'whose', 'number', 'is', 'generically', 'larger', 'than', 'one', 'we', 'also', 'present', 'toy', 'models', 'with', 'three', 'families', 'of', 'leptons', 'illustrating', 'that', 'the', 'yukawa', 'sector', 'in', 'our', 'scheme', 'is', 'fairly', 'strongly', 'constrained', 'in', 'one', 'of', 'these', 'models', 'one', 'fermion', 'gets', 'a', 'treelevel', 'mass', 'after', 'electroweak', 'symmetry', 'breaking', 'while', 'two', 'others', 'remain', 'naturally', 'massless', 'at', 'the', 'tree', 'level']] | [-0.13603223436206702, 0.265928506790126, -0.05724638259633765, 0.11392601804815417, -0.08456644656510688, -0.1827532551976562, 0.012737996963074157, 0.32019116988665136, -0.19545342176999958, -0.3165614371413182, 0.07842380459492904, -0.2698849254730539, -0.07915938127457668, 0.16376256208187429, 0.001910256061580826, -0.010370835394705416, 0.014319019226574903, 0.03523770011350757, -0.04846887929235264, -0.30450318304089, 0.375331271722241, -0.028807711726451506, 0.21014597850134137, 0.025489887700713865, 0.07577936748638138, -0.031635053028337294, -0.006132783215554034, -0.043110035821703856, -0.022937677963171633, 0.1007231101889896, 0.17655984196721503, 0.05667798993269318, 0.13874169774964207, -0.39454296814491513, -0.20669534680952192, 0.1222269644266086, 0.17254015839215917, 0.15264050518048042, -0.05072457098104365, -0.2980115490156363, 0.06483181302822037, -0.18013267143492084, -0.16393477887346516, -0.07330498806788724, -0.06534063931531654, -0.11889710020871268, -0.273270023270075, 0.06245348668923472, -0.02355755209354073, 0.023101855817510456, -0.013847323031485325, -0.14799088622122758, -0.10135024965771275, 0.030499400740840517, 0.17140107638046115, 0.015176566257799945, 0.1334022441926626, -0.1883118008816859, -0.13857677763377577, 0.41488002042179223, -0.09760847528807182, -0.20969640343358403, 0.20775250287451705, -0.14328468192109198, -0.18483585132224883, 0.13065519169369927, 0.15923517420277244, 0.11417041541569577, -0.12630545345638863, 0.14596595283221744, -0.03854537007330199, 0.14753424664806636, 0.06098360632408838, 0.05554248907481183, 0.31310532633673216, 0.1384313486432504, 0.06291616778927149, 0.08371253926822243, -0.009816581889324761, -0.09457492123006797, -0.38792143281182795, -0.11162166087506492, -0.08520118897536495, 0.06721997387959149, -0.11725035789563439, -0.1382358687639725, 0.40129147031644813, 0.11168608448914726, 0.2349504207062428, 0.03862135886876905, 0.2866709087765394, 0.07802301775769056, 0.16021403111899118, 0.06988295056803732, 0.2635853480601103, 0.12951542673342417, 0.028042592323904277, -0.17578181458950104, -0.08899943893784887, 0.11515352333376765] |
709.1203 | Searches for New Physics by the H1 Experiment at HERA | The high energy program of the HERA $ep$ collider ended in March 2007, where
data equivalent to an integrated luminosity of $\sim$ 0.5 fb$^{-1}$ has been
collected by the H1 experiment. In this context, some of the most recent
results from H1 about searches for new phenomena are presented.
| hep-ex | the high energy program of the hera ep collider ended in march 2007 where data equivalent to an integrated luminosity of sim 05 fb1 has been collected by the h1 experiment in this context some of the most recent results from h1 about searches for new phenomena are presented | [['the', 'high', 'energy', 'program', 'of', 'the', 'hera', 'ep', 'collider', 'ended', 'in', 'march', '2007', 'where', 'data', 'equivalent', 'to', 'an', 'integrated', 'luminosity', 'of', 'sim', '05', 'fb1', 'has', 'been', 'collected', 'by', 'the', 'h1', 'experiment', 'in', 'this', 'context', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'recent', 'results', 'from', 'h1', 'about', 'searches', 'for', 'new', 'phenomena', 'are', 'presented']] | [-0.01604521639493047, 0.08658513702643436, -0.08949210657262985, 0.099509815806618, -0.061026093787608704, -0.03669796499889344, -0.05960782581693208, 0.3692379183687118, -0.17665273691670094, -0.3918958435272228, 0.14248989991444563, -0.3935932558105916, 0.042957602981097846, 0.23625608343555002, 0.03525667763030042, 0.1370561391766164, 0.144705773920429, -0.053834960130708556, -0.06424307948624601, -0.3024461814297401, 0.23750192639703044, 0.1545973090949107, 0.24395299075665522, 0.04248734349289871, 0.11983095902274837, -0.019494568354127054, -0.07156784879994027, -0.0614574176297352, -0.14381752957646943, 0.08662869420130642, 0.33357177553128226, 0.17383787077281396, 0.2533991403155485, -0.4218944850358732, -0.0946623321850689, 0.11854806768574885, 0.09223439963534474, 0.017342932883421987, -0.08003524257516374, -0.3632533389466758, 0.09910076569613753, -0.20311588552609391, -0.11972984752370691, 0.066165136287407, 0.10202773899904319, -0.03293245224928369, -0.24263975974552485, 0.08002921646194798, -0.06021117561553814, 0.10657383401269968, -0.02742741346758391, -0.1757403053343296, -0.023145155586796452, -0.046257983427494764, 0.0467967529952222, 0.10169290364197246, 0.08830284829042395, -0.12522852541973853, -0.1914056710594771, 0.26097849371595955, -0.019404367733822793, 0.006347764948649066, 0.21455294220727317, -0.2120072450393773, -0.14377601283165264, 0.16319752237474433, 0.2829114601244124, 0.03529922109173269, -0.23678498388249047, 0.1464887428458552, -0.05184238808875789, 0.23361004556396178, 0.059596806260928205, 0.016033931730353102, 0.16412779947324674, 0.2568087207191453, 0.01319960457253821, 0.022853615261348232, -0.12227736265227503, -0.025766111055046927, -0.42082713795255644, -0.07678661506851109, -0.09259786719114196, 0.0506172974841023, -0.020078140605545164, 0.03248086202015378, 0.31602321215430085, 0.1500060968861288, 0.31641844895725346, -0.028020423608927095, 0.21085272471382455, 0.11985270070786379, 0.07971055034788002, 0.07728513844913508, 0.3627004468539131, 0.10234782453721428, 0.22740860598884066, -0.13850629943118867, -0.023432596555758953, -0.017979965611760105] |
709.1204 | Harmonic ultrafilters | A set of natural numbers will be called \emph{harmonic} if the reciprocals of
its elements form a divergent series. An ultrafilter of the natural numbers
will he called \emph{harmonic} if all each members are harmonic sets. The
harmonic ultrafilters are shown to constitute a compact semigroup under the
Glazer addition and its smallest ideal is obtained.
This paper is an extension of work begun by Hindman. Alle ingredients are
found in the treatise by Hindman and Strauss.
| math.CO | a set of natural numbers will be called emphharmonic if the reciprocals of its elements form a divergent series an ultrafilter of the natural numbers will he called emphharmonic if all each members are harmonic sets the harmonic ultrafilters are shown to constitute a compact semigroup under the glazer addition and its smallest ideal is obtained this paper is an extension of work begun by hindman alle ingredients are found in the treatise by hindman and strauss | [['a', 'set', 'of', 'natural', 'numbers', 'will', 'be', 'called', 'emphharmonic', 'if', 'the', 'reciprocals', 'of', 'its', 'elements', 'form', 'a', 'divergent', 'series', 'an', 'ultrafilter', 'of', 'the', 'natural', 'numbers', 'will', 'he', 'called', 'emphharmonic', 'if', 'all', 'each', 'members', 'are', 'harmonic', 'sets', 'the', 'harmonic', 'ultrafilters', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'constitute', 'a', 'compact', 'semigroup', 'under', 'the', 'glazer', 'addition', 'and', 'its', 'smallest', 'ideal', 'is', 'obtained', 'this', 'paper', 'is', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'work', 'begun', 'by', 'hindman', 'alle', 'ingredients', 'are', 'found', 'in', 'the', 'treatise', 'by', 'hindman', 'and', 'strauss']] | [-0.14448638550495704, 0.16589953672093968, -0.08443004047715819, 0.05405155491301572, -0.11205478432866467, -0.08734666924415664, -0.004825285731137476, 0.29514710082636253, -0.29610147084677957, -0.16952747564351597, 0.11301699228578718, -0.3322088507233889, -0.15388102043274934, 0.23109832175632383, -0.13371877895680245, -0.0067125656717614115, 0.06320254072583244, 0.08583333334800872, 0.039937965686783775, -0.27684919961861204, 0.35121403136230134, 0.011494497972685699, 0.16051367100013733, 0.028870206141040067, 0.07288340970196507, -0.05747023383881171, -0.015092097059521196, 0.0038214025583553626, -0.13078330180837544, 0.14322811505430705, 0.23209420785114362, 0.14593369622605962, 0.33730769036458685, -0.36542426885480617, -0.09780544080082085, 0.1525336257847292, 0.1078242199894573, 0.008253006222234531, -0.015811971025904276, -0.2435947128075671, 0.1174557495547773, -0.1666880299567015, -0.14580875860115924, -0.10415465331503324, 0.10957044338831654, 0.07838407335440059, -0.2929465024695768, -0.03399826693892866, 0.14075918082002695, 0.09065611130715191, 0.0003396478548113789, -0.14246318520760382, -0.013976642871033642, 0.08394011817025868, -0.004919519073438722, 0.03747506186293511, 0.05025152236604216, -0.04146638525008865, -0.10800857568014559, 0.40447395094126076, -0.034395859105052884, -0.17716253926227618, 0.1296304931815762, -0.15764962566121446, -0.171356066970711, 0.10118461928826261, 0.033462168987501754, 0.11578314203478686, -0.14249939268285577, 0.14558883498622371, -0.12943296339483812, 0.13934078755147464, 0.13926696020795346, 0.02147356981967951, 0.1817620936539266, 0.0896104322625445, 0.05651533758485472, 0.13559167740666972, 0.014321435363842295, 0.006905416673799227, -0.30238977776138815, -0.18537355151462864, -0.18163120578037115, 0.06169744541675046, -0.006923667411849072, -0.18588118566095818, 0.35576422582380474, 0.06091395694181904, 0.14374878279284223, 0.06866666491373212, 0.1958588215026569, 0.09119913095548635, 0.04184193897073145, 0.06809377070371207, 0.16672202246868378, 0.18013584766803042, 0.01793710563283462, -0.11349111588561436, 0.01748757538470355, 0.1732272787455034] |
709.1205 | Normalisation Control in Deep Inference via Atomic Flows | We introduce `atomic flows': they are graphs obtained from derivations by
tracing atom occurrences and forgetting the logical structure. We study simple
manipulations of atomic flows that correspond to complex reductions on
derivations. This allows us to prove, for propositional logic, a new and very
general normalisation theorem, which contains cut elimination as a special
case. We operate in deep inference, which is more general than other syntactic
paradigms, and where normalisation is more difficult to control. We argue that
atomic flows are a significant technical advance for normalisation theory,
because 1) the technique they support is largely independent of syntax; 2)
indeed, it is largely independent of logical inference rules; 3) they
constitute a powerful geometric formalism, which is more intuitive than syntax.
| math.LO cs.LO | we introduce atomic flows they are graphs obtained from derivations by tracing atom occurrences and forgetting the logical structure we study simple manipulations of atomic flows that correspond to complex reductions on derivations this allows us to prove for propositional logic a new and very general normalisation theorem which contains cut elimination as a special case we operate in deep inference which is more general than other syntactic paradigms and where normalisation is more difficult to control we argue that atomic flows are a significant technical advance for normalisation theory because 1 the technique they support is largely independent of syntax 2 indeed it is largely independent of logical inference rules 3 they constitute a powerful geometric formalism which is more intuitive than syntax | [['we', 'introduce', 'atomic', 'flows', 'they', 'are', 'graphs', 'obtained', 'from', 'derivations', 'by', 'tracing', 'atom', 'occurrences', 'and', 'forgetting', 'the', 'logical', 'structure', 'we', 'study', 'simple', 'manipulations', 'of', 'atomic', 'flows', 'that', 'correspond', 'to', 'complex', 'reductions', 'on', 'derivations', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'prove', 'for', 'propositional', 'logic', 'a', 'new', 'and', 'very', 'general', 'normalisation', 'theorem', 'which', 'contains', 'cut', 'elimination', 'as', 'a', 'special', 'case', 'we', 'operate', 'in', 'deep', 'inference', 'which', 'is', 'more', 'general', 'than', 'other', 'syntactic', 'paradigms', 'and', 'where', 'normalisation', 'is', 'more', 'difficult', 'to', 'control', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'atomic', 'flows', 'are', 'a', 'significant', 'technical', 'advance', 'for', 'normalisation', 'theory', 'because', '1', 'the', 'technique', 'they', 'support', 'is', 'largely', 'independent', 'of', 'syntax', '2', 'indeed', 'it', 'is', 'largely', 'independent', 'of', 'logical', 'inference', 'rules', '3', 'they', 'constitute', 'a', 'powerful', 'geometric', 'formalism', 'which', 'is', 'more', 'intuitive', 'than', 'syntax']] | [-0.09512829241782217, 0.09966935417305062, -0.12109839462585026, 0.13238760088795737, -0.16405394326354708, -0.1845098416801662, 0.056928061665178484, 0.39098512100416327, -0.2686653259180246, -0.28404577988229934, 0.06767774837733727, -0.22144521770620015, -0.13439061728516413, 0.2086998035872145, -0.10362971153470778, 0.011644125420359834, 0.05132269081960042, 0.013520031960891379, -0.05440271525989256, -0.21226243381463591, 0.3082487785647954, 0.017866061709120855, 0.22671810658498398, 0.010042164006247935, 0.07363380298709436, 0.012359140880195605, -0.0534400001709019, 0.0305925874910768, -0.09758673787021713, 0.17680842929234308, 0.31326127901763445, 0.19965514818461322, 0.27120178491966196, -0.4385230605370335, -0.1721294271354113, 0.06217507239536292, 0.12650492023526422, 0.15367056673388899, 0.016981421790631196, -0.2345660939200541, 0.08392359000525527, -0.1841949798099156, -0.053874369393358185, -0.16524336160340858, 0.05518456883428077, -0.022862274121448974, -0.22787550047289715, 0.028532698927935394, 0.16774953736157547, 0.10120435964856897, -0.0029058752834023307, -0.07723588310745394, 0.030768332954105592, 0.076135367853567, -0.034536853468331, 0.03384511853707203, 0.14999983386482083, -0.1195601325389655, -0.12391148921432754, 0.38876170397646004, 0.014641931583502165, -0.22299702354751888, 0.22104476147045893, -0.07970170084586096, -0.21101409151414108, 0.0989561983310963, 0.11146806983836746, 0.13260924658407608, -0.15366237371035235, 0.060164456280613045, -0.060066064630988084, 0.20764166704048553, 0.12622558966188901, 0.04091618044560986, 0.1682901607090307, 0.16888279826079886, 0.09098580716583397, 0.10486273680139528, 0.008419951474699643, -0.12145516397656812, -0.3082743430990846, -0.12303805060574016, -0.08412501685914674, 0.06752650500012321, -0.0846722885942126, -0.183799552258044, 0.33448944328871044, 0.1720496564427571, 0.16194928168237488, 0.10344135833457263, 0.3080056654064045, 0.14359559518596787, 0.1344191982305699, 0.09042408884664427, 0.17876027851936319, 0.15885370401027163, 0.05531667081654192, -0.09814112838695667, 0.10880604186170403, 0.05464181899761541] |
709.1206 | Superconductivity and Spin gap in the zigzag chain t-J model simulating
a CuO double chain in Pr_2Ba_4Cu_7O_15-delta | Using the numerical diagonalization method, we examine the one-dimensional
t_1-t_2-J_1-J_2 model (zigzag chain t-J model) which represents an effective
model for metallic CuO double chain in the superconductor
Pr_2Ba_4Cu_7O_15-\delta. Based on the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory, we
calculate the Luttinger-liquid parameter K_\rho as a function of electron
density n. It is found that superconductivity is realized in parameter region
corresponding to the experimental result. We show phase diagram of spin gap on
the t_2/|t_1|-n plane by analyzing the expectation value of twist-operator
Z_\sigma in the spin sector. The spin gap appears in the region with large
t_2/|t_1|, where the phase boundary at half-filling is consistent with that of
the known frustrated quantum spin system. The analysis also suggests that the
estimated value of the spin gap reaches 100K in the realistic parameter region
of Pr_2Ba_4Cu_7O_15-delta.
| cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el | using the numerical diagonalization method we examine the onedimensional t_1t_2j_1j_2 model zigzag chain tj model which represents an effective model for metallic cuo double chain in the superconductor pr_2ba_4cu_7o_15delta based on the tomonagaluttinger liquid theory we calculate the luttingerliquid parameter k_rho as a function of electron density n it is found that superconductivity is realized in parameter region corresponding to the experimental result we show phase diagram of spin gap on the t_2t_1n plane by analyzing the expectation value of twistoperator z_sigma in the spin sector the spin gap appears in the region with large t_2t_1 where the phase boundary at halffilling is consistent with that of the known frustrated quantum spin system the analysis also suggests that the estimated value of the spin gap reaches 100k in the realistic parameter region of pr_2ba_4cu_7o_15delta | [['using', 'the', 'numerical', 'diagonalization', 'method', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'onedimensional', 't_1t_2j_1j_2', 'model', 'zigzag', 'chain', 'tj', 'model', 'which', 'represents', 'an', 'effective', 'model', 'for', 'metallic', 'cuo', 'double', 'chain', 'in', 'the', 'superconductor', 'pr_2ba_4cu_7o_15delta', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'tomonagaluttinger', 'liquid', 'theory', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'luttingerliquid', 'parameter', 'k_rho', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'electron', 'density', 'n', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'superconductivity', 'is', 'realized', 'in', 'parameter', 'region', 'corresponding', 'to', 'the', 'experimental', 'result', 'we', 'show', 'phase', 'diagram', 'of', 'spin', 'gap', 'on', 'the', 't_2t_1n', 'plane', 'by', 'analyzing', 'the', 'expectation', 'value', 'of', 'twistoperator', 'z_sigma', 'in', 'the', 'spin', 'sector', 'the', 'spin', 'gap', 'appears', 'in', 'the', 'region', 'with', 'large', 't_2t_1', 'where', 'the', 'phase', 'boundary', 'at', 'halffilling', 'is', 'consistent', 'with', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'known', 'frustrated', 'quantum', 'spin', 'system', 'the', 'analysis', 'also', 'suggests', 'that', 'the', 'estimated', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'spin', 'gap', 'reaches', '100k', 'in', 'the', 'realistic', 'parameter', 'region', 'of', 'pr_2ba_4cu_7o_15delta']] | [-0.16732184449210763, 0.18507691773948995, -0.04065375913730787, 0.04196488025499586, -0.004007777383547447, -0.14043083228526337, 0.08483304109562985, 0.34468126622604506, -0.23933188096204247, -0.273506939212102, 0.04489180848681375, -0.3066625181898361, -0.1063982564973723, 0.15803943763003606, 0.07511716192869917, 0.021196396820407578, -0.017611091305992303, 0.02943732459915674, -0.1396237612601533, -0.17046748233233927, 0.28754112310529834, 0.017910009168287496, 0.3030817966965091, 0.06921064633634368, 0.05412380959668005, 0.035830910081214466, 0.12051886153400286, 0.0177594150544521, -0.20190681363823637, 0.02821327060219327, 0.24219513311093488, -0.06682195479604806, 0.14803078052950383, -0.3761137153612066, -0.20947756601198939, 0.025732157554633858, 0.1561698606451049, 0.1416665979382006, -0.011053853662940497, -0.28143076204876094, 0.03751256250427993, -0.21679709867026856, -0.16645715800682723, -0.0476871667504675, -0.03081108484673136, -0.0671604844381169, -0.2649000274081437, 0.13248972555325644, 0.025819217999472874, 0.04741491241565415, -0.06019396132626038, -0.13990795967002037, -0.0674750326816277, 0.0379491904979298, 0.04919173870011737, 0.07615389961008168, 0.12953167267939972, -0.1407348403692928, -0.08445590149561469, 0.3081638992173981, -0.07143605737733648, -0.12147936867621109, 0.12274709915678295, -0.19946973659062603, -0.08145685892779636, 0.13090281328541858, 0.06112500597928999, 0.09677463507756079, -0.11555694241986703, 0.1421029688115054, -0.08220146443936548, 0.20738866632846042, -0.04833340463548444, 0.008397042618012268, 0.24304163834179632, 0.24456375929391908, 0.07793108357528922, 0.18554068807484084, -0.15066382958543068, -0.16421102771521298, -0.26265287759024225, -0.15108601337312969, -0.26089759788188005, 0.004468995989797964, -0.1089353920849225, -0.19117974776788862, 0.4016750832052745, 0.1776704231791785, 0.2099684662903652, -0.014358105435647526, 0.20762277847086613, 0.14605243843073693, 0.03901371420965395, 0.04243575590698205, 0.2462632387649012, 0.14587115998671368, 0.06556512789004518, -0.31229798302040185, 0.052829597319497636, 0.0763950019982423] |
709.1207 | The P versus NP Brief | This paper discusses why P and NP are likely to be different. It analyses the
essence of the concepts and points out that P and NP might be diverse by sheer
definition. It also speculates that P and NP may be unequal due to natural
laws.
| cs.CC | this paper discusses why p and np are likely to be different it analyses the essence of the concepts and points out that p and np might be diverse by sheer definition it also speculates that p and np may be unequal due to natural laws | [['this', 'paper', 'discusses', 'why', 'p', 'and', 'np', 'are', 'likely', 'to', 'be', 'different', 'it', 'analyses', 'the', 'essence', 'of', 'the', 'concepts', 'and', 'points', 'out', 'that', 'p', 'and', 'np', 'might', 'be', 'diverse', 'by', 'sheer', 'definition', 'it', 'also', 'speculates', 'that', 'p', 'and', 'np', 'may', 'be', 'unequal', 'due', 'to', 'natural', 'laws']] | [-0.07979176485020181, 0.17542815649800975, -0.1328714437296857, 0.14789487144899677, -0.11766178043478209, -0.20623044066293084, 0.07147057202857231, 0.27860075360892905, -0.3363687355557214, -0.3579155177525852, 0.05150366513787404, -0.257651434806378, -0.1891123661366494, 0.15477674673108952, -0.10789841126002696, 0.016893597866368036, 0.03970540386533527, -0.051859007014528564, -0.026721443798716948, -0.27654746619215154, 0.3200248802971581, 0.028249539333679106, 0.2417253742561392, 0.12307650674863355, -0.029673048538034378, -0.035825839691349996, -0.031145330437499542, 0.06584610979315704, -0.10271985475739474, 0.08992373275459217, 0.34905378735097853, 0.18580257815673298, 0.22472574618523536, -0.40504800933210744, -0.1438605125548075, 0.16980411907981918, 0.1367330173582203, 0.07481405511498451, 0.04028439818395545, -0.21236387183687286, 0.20351837814593202, -0.12093594216782114, -0.1223709681779956, -0.08680681495562843, 0.14303091309114319, 0.0036266900841956553, -0.2255821442231536, -0.004820647351469075, 0.15790563303491342, 0.02334554072307504, 0.008932486303029176, -0.17927310571236454, 0.05473227513468136, 0.04358715229951169, 0.10246810021445803, 0.037311182458601565, 0.10712353496447853, -0.051691405267616654, -0.0991753090739898, 0.4435561650797077, 0.08107161274908678, -0.19602063063211972, 0.2425867557859696, -0.14612042552629567, -0.14831542072858175, 0.10281260078772902, 0.15358915536299997, 0.07946069239962684, -0.16435902882569833, 0.0954035866914479, -0.03611420111163803, 0.13120385615721994, 0.10640863216299888, 0.02860417839585115, 0.23407202448857867, 0.06166741806689812, 0.02750216353603679, 0.0661328733498838, -0.017350292157219803, -0.07987063017714283, -0.31653678911211697, -0.15045339861155851, -0.1468306895568157, 0.0832446329472789, -0.02952704542068481, -0.09130254517430844, 0.3067124259212743, 0.17414402430522782, 0.20141852201650973, -0.047884367052060756, 0.2527194424613338, 0.12022528337800632, 0.0682022318891857, 0.01815457478084642, 0.1881564371490284, 0.05514015087797104, 0.08186976571121941, -0.19922890078337135, 0.10884439144485994, -0.04255444925966794] |
709.1208 | The measurement errors in the Swift-UVOT and XMM-OM | The probability of photon measurement in some photon counting
instrumentation, such as the Optical Monitor on the XMM-Newton satellite, and
the UVOT on the Swift satellite, does not follow a Poisson distribution due to
the detector characteristics, but a Binomial distribution. For a single-pixel
approximation, an expression was derived for the incident countrate as a
function of the measured count rate by Fordham, Moorhead and Galbraith (2000).
We show that the measured countrate error is binomial, and extend their
formalism to derive the error in the incident count rate. The error on the
incident count rate at large count rates is larger than the Poisson-error of
the incident count rate.
| astro-ph | the probability of photon measurement in some photon counting instrumentation such as the optical monitor on the xmmnewton satellite and the uvot on the swift satellite does not follow a poisson distribution due to the detector characteristics but a binomial distribution for a singlepixel approximation an expression was derived for the incident countrate as a function of the measured count rate by fordham moorhead and galbraith 2000 we show that the measured countrate error is binomial and extend their formalism to derive the error in the incident count rate the error on the incident count rate at large count rates is larger than the poissonerror of the incident count rate | [['the', 'probability', 'of', 'photon', 'measurement', 'in', 'some', 'photon', 'counting', 'instrumentation', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'optical', 'monitor', 'on', 'the', 'xmmnewton', 'satellite', 'and', 'the', 'uvot', 'on', 'the', 'swift', 'satellite', 'does', 'not', 'follow', 'a', 'poisson', 'distribution', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'detector', 'characteristics', 'but', 'a', 'binomial', 'distribution', 'for', 'a', 'singlepixel', 'approximation', 'an', 'expression', 'was', 'derived', 'for', 'the', 'incident', 'countrate', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'the', 'measured', 'count', 'rate', 'by', 'fordham', 'moorhead', 'and', 'galbraith', '2000', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'measured', 'countrate', 'error', 'is', 'binomial', 'and', 'extend', 'their', 'formalism', 'to', 'derive', 'the', 'error', 'in', 'the', 'incident', 'count', 'rate', 'the', 'error', 'on', 'the', 'incident', 'count', 'rate', 'at', 'large', 'count', 'rates', 'is', 'larger', 'than', 'the', 'poissonerror', 'of', 'the', 'incident', 'count', 'rate']] | [-0.0799295183197186, 0.08990183319131057, -0.08956293671644319, 0.10618884658884849, -0.03162098898787365, -0.08777608200646589, 0.09764792376728816, 0.3773226857046101, -0.2146118021087077, -0.36779896095917325, 0.057852700198173665, -0.33113369962774986, -0.038271645466997246, 0.28251402814237175, -0.10578352020113407, 0.07073741770027397, 0.04892428112477412, 0.059637733691624395, -0.04979371354984833, -0.2702701890919462, 0.21986912152616778, 0.15178294332641412, 0.3193778834331816, 0.012855475481216596, 0.13955670222857636, 0.08177974999003182, -0.09563911144369255, -0.06701149919427166, -0.13481947551863582, 0.07023926834776023, 0.20724706079323438, 0.12964017318875015, 0.19777014022954156, -0.3381957546590227, -0.18020690082807408, 0.09230168091533618, 0.094194416748795, 0.053768367310724804, -0.0156889687429365, -0.22657183452648608, 0.042097577828452616, -0.21151578088647852, -0.11526012934078506, 0.04190572520944281, 0.021489561430970642, 0.11766095847222154, -0.25575727667816195, 0.07191675593945955, -0.005215465561182142, 0.02467130400484132, -0.047526845014349464, -0.08407217171478355, -0.016002543623097866, 0.09621195460312834, 0.023634994659294313, 0.032883686370381686, 0.1408238099914079, -0.14891297593886885, -0.08273899450758908, 0.3220968149410926, -0.060949553499051595, -0.1460149278951304, 0.08935831882120501, -0.20593302670831434, -0.08685440413009758, 0.20739744105767982, 0.17430521029038964, 0.08745563909776996, -0.12101691690595628, 0.025066705210086516, -0.0185727982860163, 0.21821500234149868, 0.1435316682828016, 0.05261287943103185, 0.16497002374250266, 0.09756234294961198, 0.09059654748955062, 0.11724980187027881, -0.2514624572990062, 0.0043115383819198215, -0.29641570269225914, -0.1223495648953877, -0.22529793308751883, 0.08534246060149156, -0.07811301697231067, -0.14838172649425047, 0.38735408377703107, 0.09966210810746128, 0.22881558038746921, 0.1154993671018665, 0.3382071270302774, 0.20101821281355328, 0.053191552106204014, 0.03819634432895718, 0.2450047738158697, 0.12411788939367806, 0.07382588098521962, -0.2152633985709051, 0.12289375113323331, 0.025804840829049314] |
709.1209 | Primitive Characters and Permutation Characters of Solvable Groups | Let X be an irreducible, primitive complex character of the finite solvable
group G, and let X* denote the complex conjugate character. If the degree X(1)
is odd, then we show how to associate to X in a unique way, a conjugacy class
of subgroups U of G for which X*X = (1_U)^G, the permutation character on the
cosets of U. We investigate this situation and give a number of applications to
properties of primitive characters of solvable and p-solvable groups.
| math.RT | let x be an irreducible primitive complex character of the finite solvable group g and let x denote the complex conjugate character if the degree x1 is odd then we show how to associate to x in a unique way a conjugacy class of subgroups u of g for which xx 1_ug the permutation character on the cosets of u we investigate this situation and give a number of applications to properties of primitive characters of solvable and psolvable groups | [['let', 'x', 'be', 'an', 'irreducible', 'primitive', 'complex', 'character', 'of', 'the', 'finite', 'solvable', 'group', 'g', 'and', 'let', 'x', 'denote', 'the', 'complex', 'conjugate', 'character', 'if', 'the', 'degree', 'x1', 'is', 'odd', 'then', 'we', 'show', 'how', 'to', 'associate', 'to', 'x', 'in', 'a', 'unique', 'way', 'a', 'conjugacy', 'class', 'of', 'subgroups', 'u', 'of', 'g', 'for', 'which', 'xx', '1_ug', 'the', 'permutation', 'character', 'on', 'the', 'cosets', 'of', 'u', 'we', 'investigate', 'this', 'situation', 'and', 'give', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'applications', 'to', 'properties', 'of', 'primitive', 'characters', 'of', 'solvable', 'and', 'psolvable', 'groups']] | [-0.21302588496215735, 0.11325606338228865, -0.08917132044753319, -0.008409732870191713, -0.12455164162512822, -0.15508103143730306, 0.03998736112932615, 0.36239853963444507, -0.3985094942529745, -0.19312793226939143, 0.04340946657916154, -0.28860416987179954, -0.1034482785064397, 0.1942587200245714, -0.08125351934068942, -0.10531028786296898, 0.04876886797432281, 0.18321914159798924, -0.11300812755369499, -0.2877397014040358, 0.3379129590112952, -0.132969269198896, 0.16713674149558513, 0.0037430880025406425, 0.10664794826290652, 0.01725952643193776, 0.08098709334536822, -0.027635318053226117, -0.11704083872793973, 0.1241866414423419, 0.3041225420635288, 0.04421203966544281, 0.2213883403765297, -0.333028678369673, -0.15489483187034067, 0.282637183507315, 0.14229087800942833, -0.07796904319290165, -0.01051929514837463, -0.25887174976258714, 0.17208894954027631, -0.18834519478705375, -0.1768673576320274, -0.057019316049033326, 0.17381722978728859, -0.00739790271684716, -0.2688687461534444, -0.020611192217638977, 0.08587382794239948, 0.11509649281836147, 0.011563259931399098, -0.12694506433238334, -0.04829417749107638, 0.12281291083067278, -0.026027937658437635, 0.053020035217315714, 0.029709198299936856, -0.09815466890253033, -0.09166097774795151, 0.45189314130457897, -0.05166551222010881, -0.22017462983067276, 0.13767765507196325, -0.21472840149049896, -0.18835967952456278, 0.10237883092081056, 0.16015107578397553, 0.16207144197218026, -0.014038010099549083, 0.23233641030729596, -0.13472982158860827, 0.12584008621287684, 0.013285768890305411, -0.024313651426117633, 0.12918830937646988, 0.04827225750571565, 0.048234183588831483, 0.17658479012920272, 0.0352412298044685, 0.09518914783514942, -0.3359801015238973, -0.20960555288091867, -0.14596104439748805, 0.18880286370698787, -0.07247984498872605, -0.20091435833409713, 0.4580951446690891, 0.08306407973854037, 0.16911519266947916, 0.07584783239319591, 0.11762571570616734, 0.06439052907679277, -0.003351374894757814, 0.07949183596065268, -0.02307862806122137, 0.2344429569165635, -0.15021481768735037, -0.2229164671506497, 0.0173284548594133, 0.18462450970907376] |
709.121 | Hermitian conjugate measurement | We propose a new class of probabilistic reversing operations on the state of
a system that was disturbed by a weak measurement. It can approximately recover
the original state from the disturbed state especially with an additional
information gain using the Hermitian conjugate of the measurement operator. We
illustrate the general scheme by considering a quantum measurement consisting
of spin systems with an experimentally feasible interaction and show that the
reversing operation simultaneously increases both the fidelity to the original
state and the information gain with such a high probability of success that
their average values increase simultaneously.
| quant-ph | we propose a new class of probabilistic reversing operations on the state of a system that was disturbed by a weak measurement it can approximately recover the original state from the disturbed state especially with an additional information gain using the hermitian conjugate of the measurement operator we illustrate the general scheme by considering a quantum measurement consisting of spin systems with an experimentally feasible interaction and show that the reversing operation simultaneously increases both the fidelity to the original state and the information gain with such a high probability of success that their average values increase simultaneously | [['we', 'propose', 'a', 'new', 'class', 'of', 'probabilistic', 'reversing', 'operations', 'on', 'the', 'state', 'of', 'a', 'system', 'that', 'was', 'disturbed', 'by', 'a', 'weak', 'measurement', 'it', 'can', 'approximately', 'recover', 'the', 'original', 'state', 'from', 'the', 'disturbed', 'state', 'especially', 'with', 'an', 'additional', 'information', 'gain', 'using', 'the', 'hermitian', 'conjugate', 'of', 'the', 'measurement', 'operator', 'we', 'illustrate', 'the', 'general', 'scheme', 'by', 'considering', 'a', 'quantum', 'measurement', 'consisting', 'of', 'spin', 'systems', 'with', 'an', 'experimentally', 'feasible', 'interaction', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'reversing', 'operation', 'simultaneously', 'increases', 'both', 'the', 'fidelity', 'to', 'the', 'original', 'state', 'and', 'the', 'information', 'gain', 'with', 'such', 'a', 'high', 'probability', 'of', 'success', 'that', 'their', 'average', 'values', 'increase', 'simultaneously']] | [-0.12794931117761216, 0.1335765448121511, -0.059606836548037063, 0.005581262982355392, -0.024748379709104037, -0.14173789357063266, 0.08563811049502039, 0.3604147923083938, -0.28641375500176636, -0.31400328226463525, 0.11460635687310096, -0.26453933652908523, -0.12018135715542096, 0.17737181298434734, -0.06099603215365538, 0.06574418756778813, 0.08962229699875247, 0.07051587303178575, -0.13580094598357242, -0.23810371977980344, 0.3219763035933506, 0.0713103717722816, 0.291775838566982, -0.007736497059730547, 0.17114952836679864, 0.057246930571748136, 0.02201762598255003, 0.031305364028987835, -0.04816509650570842, 0.11125938557040858, 0.19932142837859254, 0.12702143801927415, 0.2617502829668169, -0.38276156228111713, -0.20164808424009123, 0.10187435025296991, 0.09402986906696947, 0.13979610362641362, -0.05603838209490463, -0.3268948920755362, 0.0608915822884562, -0.19243858236705466, -0.10408463015497843, -0.09769186469707258, -0.02223334958947891, -0.0013336034406128587, -0.2946709936142576, 0.06589624232954669, 0.07248205687774688, 0.0201243621829365, -0.037483827158694666, -0.06434808206525916, -0.03498466001177321, 0.14266527161401296, -0.041765569756757846, 0.032243116205197056, 0.12600705788793917, -0.13598090299519197, -0.13071490568108857, 0.3176924314882074, -0.07724828393987324, -0.1980113194618678, 0.16103812293339598, -0.13116251009430888, -0.06804192332908444, 0.1367762939320231, 0.13471001107008101, 0.0865871108004025, -0.1335577385652126, 0.01270644496817484, -0.043447318828987835, 0.21761879325863354, 0.011798013500603182, 0.07849684930038259, 0.17473172100869064, 0.12926490279746108, 0.10170657554052162, 0.1767767147607721, -0.09154101807804664, -0.10457016023027958, -0.2686850708168076, -0.16757817129243394, -0.19620419711786874, 0.06815313513875387, -0.08216377582409352, -0.08119440628975934, 0.4243082934504595, 0.14372627000438468, 0.22167456641375105, 0.044694905128919195, 0.3253862625938289, 0.15182936865342211, 0.04601827810865314, 0.07444235353198435, 0.2501857125619664, 0.12810790419521534, 0.07457784898294022, -0.26700160908750353, 0.09899306543912663, -0.0192611805134814] |
709.1211 | Likelihood ratios and Bayesian inference for Poisson channels | In recent years, infinite-dimensional methods have been introduced for the
Gaussian channels estimation. The aim of this paper is to study the application
of similar methods to Poisson channels. In particular we compute the Bayesian
estimator of a Poisson channel using the likelihood ratio and the discrete
Malliavin gradient. This algorithm is suitable for numerical implementation via
the Monte-Carlo scheme. As an application we provide an new proof of the
formula obtained recently by Guo, Shamai and Verdu\'u relating some derivatives
of the input-output mutual information of a time-continuous Poisson channel and
the conditional mean estimator of the input. These results are then extended to
mixed Gaussian-Poisson channels.
| cs.IT math.IT math.ST stat.TH | in recent years infinitedimensional methods have been introduced for the gaussian channels estimation the aim of this paper is to study the application of similar methods to poisson channels in particular we compute the bayesian estimator of a poisson channel using the likelihood ratio and the discrete malliavin gradient this algorithm is suitable for numerical implementation via the montecarlo scheme as an application we provide an new proof of the formula obtained recently by guo shamai and verduu relating some derivatives of the inputoutput mutual information of a timecontinuous poisson channel and the conditional mean estimator of the input these results are then extended to mixed gaussianpoisson channels | [['in', 'recent', 'years', 'infinitedimensional', 'methods', 'have', 'been', 'introduced', 'for', 'the', 'gaussian', 'channels', 'estimation', 'the', 'aim', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'is', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'application', 'of', 'similar', 'methods', 'to', 'poisson', 'channels', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'compute', 'the', 'bayesian', 'estimator', 'of', 'a', 'poisson', 'channel', 'using', 'the', 'likelihood', 'ratio', 'and', 'the', 'discrete', 'malliavin', 'gradient', 'this', 'algorithm', 'is', 'suitable', 'for', 'numerical', 'implementation', 'via', 'the', 'montecarlo', 'scheme', 'as', 'an', 'application', 'we', 'provide', 'an', 'new', 'proof', 'of', 'the', 'formula', 'obtained', 'recently', 'by', 'guo', 'shamai', 'and', 'verduu', 'relating', 'some', 'derivatives', 'of', 'the', 'inputoutput', 'mutual', 'information', 'of', 'a', 'timecontinuous', 'poisson', 'channel', 'and', 'the', 'conditional', 'mean', 'estimator', 'of', 'the', 'input', 'these', 'results', 'are', 'then', 'extended', 'to', 'mixed', 'gaussianpoisson', 'channels']] | [-0.07435905422023106, -0.0015908776775381101, -0.12461139251495425, 0.08181819494130421, -0.06286043710310325, -0.14087242885518855, 0.04671196232247384, 0.37976952704870814, -0.28770322571987306, -0.2697340019621721, 0.147879115303665, -0.21093555383175333, -0.1993125669144651, 0.19050180644697778, -0.12048227470759824, 0.1275390845236029, 0.04779324820047575, 0.020209154813979082, -0.09153656580998937, -0.2855014868916195, 0.3159256514475167, 0.09737012377792151, 0.2706072822465587, 0.011010097921825945, 0.1466707642425165, 0.045743442170983445, -0.10442922436893334, -0.03912377162514446, -0.1809564832920017, 0.14484277232898243, 0.22159006948600235, 0.1164160118520991, 0.28954417824257755, -0.37347988122813053, -0.21194546301544548, 0.10885687559738616, 0.12928145758755435, 0.11957004892631112, -0.03407388812401027, -0.31751340538890005, 0.09837165175911004, -0.21021619464366514, -0.06923739364039953, -0.05811061749395818, -0.03777446609129694, 0.053848482291954006, -0.35000055328568563, 0.08475441395557512, 0.058656718259868776, 0.04734613706366481, -0.025888384566544423, -0.15462968691696075, 0.02269432636708996, 0.08022606868523165, 0.0294075367415202, -0.01088272974386846, 0.07259689937302163, -0.0695487111545751, -0.14974866675160756, 0.2599234584453472, -0.07851199503491903, -0.24209421547564947, 0.14336007226053973, -0.06106756252854645, -0.1370565629668673, 0.11173909349001457, 0.1904907836274148, 0.11948585868856618, -0.19864937418497333, 0.094999780646138, -0.05817834297891393, 0.06915467195909157, 0.030669254028873744, 0.027064455664394613, 0.10277928259206291, 0.13124975091864782, 0.07000559881964925, 0.1684372777262894, -0.12384975261259476, -0.1346637625073161, -0.3057545673311035, -0.19307616508509268, -0.20946059692281116, -0.0037617393830251472, -0.1074153936951406, -0.1380227119444269, 0.349305384704362, 0.1626441579869139, 0.17298538701295435, 0.10065304169379105, 0.3309775893946361, 0.19167846852639325, -0.020023217011312735, 0.0773180112869383, 0.18138340282907806, 0.2514723177638044, 0.07696394178424483, -0.15955561584853958, 0.07038669181643838, 0.0751224810792847] |
709.1212 | Distinctive features in the quantum sub-dynamics of bipartite systems | Distinctive features in the sub-dynamics of an interacting bipartite system
are explored. The sub-dynamic Heisenberg operators are introduced in a novel
way leading to the quasi-particle-like concept in the respective subsystems.
This formulation is illustrated using the known exact solutions of the generic
(Jaynes - Cummings) model of interacting bipartite system of a spin 1/2
particle and a single mode electromagnetic field (more generally, boson field).
The striking effects of interaction and entanglement are reflected in the
dressing of the non-interacting number and spin representations, displaying
quasi-particle-like properties. This development may be at the heart of the
physics of back - action discussed in the recent literature.
| quant-ph | distinctive features in the subdynamics of an interacting bipartite system are explored the subdynamic heisenberg operators are introduced in a novel way leading to the quasiparticlelike concept in the respective subsystems this formulation is illustrated using the known exact solutions of the generic jaynes cummings model of interacting bipartite system of a spin 12 particle and a single mode electromagnetic field more generally boson field the striking effects of interaction and entanglement are reflected in the dressing of the noninteracting number and spin representations displaying quasiparticlelike properties this development may be at the heart of the physics of back action discussed in the recent literature | [['distinctive', 'features', 'in', 'the', 'subdynamics', 'of', 'an', 'interacting', 'bipartite', 'system', 'are', 'explored', 'the', 'subdynamic', 'heisenberg', 'operators', 'are', 'introduced', 'in', 'a', 'novel', 'way', 'leading', 'to', 'the', 'quasiparticlelike', 'concept', 'in', 'the', 'respective', 'subsystems', 'this', 'formulation', 'is', 'illustrated', 'using', 'the', 'known', 'exact', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'generic', 'jaynes', 'cummings', 'model', 'of', 'interacting', 'bipartite', 'system', 'of', 'a', 'spin', '12', 'particle', 'and', 'a', 'single', 'mode', 'electromagnetic', 'field', 'more', 'generally', 'boson', 'field', 'the', 'striking', 'effects', 'of', 'interaction', 'and', 'entanglement', 'are', 'reflected', 'in', 'the', 'dressing', 'of', 'the', 'noninteracting', 'number', 'and', 'spin', 'representations', 'displaying', 'quasiparticlelike', 'properties', 'this', 'development', 'may', 'be', 'at', 'the', 'heart', 'of', 'the', 'physics', 'of', 'back', 'action', 'discussed', 'in', 'the', 'recent', 'literature']] | [-0.1633509215266843, 0.18705987154763923, -0.07474919162424547, 0.05982884778308549, -0.03138600863471982, -0.15337156754962744, -0.03243841521796726, 0.30217480767695676, -0.2531947856148084, -0.26722564095897333, 0.05096108203509911, -0.29469440617554243, -0.14622010339406274, 0.17023007300615842, -0.013785210203024603, 0.032013218125904956, 0.03331563492261228, 0.07990754633432343, -0.06049623605573461, -0.20812861481681466, 0.30313856555592444, 0.030783986260316202, 0.2763540354424289, 0.02500836209926222, 0.08977447427543146, 0.045029731622586645, 0.007355225698224136, 0.0203676905837797, -0.07430146185326435, 0.11580835403874516, 0.22456076214189774, 0.07178301548895737, 0.2324351470895289, -0.4063850914083776, -0.18537021983148796, 0.07509235729618619, 0.14697429704080736, 0.16001897649396032, -0.048919095385714345, -0.3330489839382824, -0.032002376153000764, -0.19913189556627048, -0.16237204214114517, -0.052078069350682196, 0.0013566945612962756, -0.0009700018646461624, -0.21917046851788957, 0.08666374533038054, 0.06644279087583224, 0.06523692904128915, -0.04917121616059116, -0.08087202086822973, -0.02686255224980414, 0.09762760438468485, 0.027002587769224887, 0.022576680136401028, 0.11999841096500556, -0.1766170952491285, -0.16629342911321493, 0.3659121352203545, -0.05013618695416621, -0.18981534813425416, 0.22423873149257686, -0.1480895868372283, -0.11465049346554138, 0.10621677053914894, 0.1351103062918853, 0.1063142625476411, -0.20254315866512201, 0.09999105465387748, -0.039224337449386006, 0.11584370703369912, 0.003088132110202596, 0.10221495116573004, 0.23764178787491153, 0.17067614278445642, -0.005970162312899317, 0.18447294048854104, -0.019138922553420777, -0.14323111132142088, -0.28008486836084295, -0.16053099359629586, -0.19678554245620034, 0.03330418285248535, -0.06877366049337157, -0.13840611113035786, 0.45661614703990167, 0.14654148912966428, 0.15735253125340457, -0.012576369147392966, 0.24013174748536023, 0.13880138352424615, 0.0480371941147106, 0.03966501548088023, 0.27430968475306317, 0.17659195017601761, 0.06738348310547215, -0.2508452761962655, 0.004523836217066717, 0.08069705977548092] |
709.1213 | Locating the zeros of partial sums of exp(z) with Riemann-Hilbert
methods | In this paper we derive uniform asymptotic expansions for the partial sums of
the exponential series. We indicate how this information will be used in a
later publication to obtain full and explicitly computable asymptotic
expansions with error bounds for all zeros of the Taylor polynomials
$p_{n-1}(z) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} z^k/ k!$. Our proof is based on a representation
of $p_{n-1}(nz)$ in terms of an integral of the form $\int_{\gamma}
\frac{e^{n\phi(s)}}{s-z}ds$. We demonstrate how to derive uniform expansions
for such integrals using a Riemann-Hilbert approach. A comparison with
classical steepest descent analysis shows the advantages of the Riemann-Hilbert
analysis in particular for points $z$ that are close to the critical points of
$\phi$.
| math.CA math.CV | in this paper we derive uniform asymptotic expansions for the partial sums of the exponential series we indicate how this information will be used in a later publication to obtain full and explicitly computable asymptotic expansions with error bounds for all zeros of the taylor polynomials p_n1z sum_k0n1 zk k our proof is based on a representation of p_n1nz in terms of an integral of the form int_gamma fracenphisszds we demonstrate how to derive uniform expansions for such integrals using a riemannhilbert approach a comparison with classical steepest descent analysis shows the advantages of the riemannhilbert analysis in particular for points z that are close to the critical points of phi | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'derive', 'uniform', 'asymptotic', 'expansions', 'for', 'the', 'partial', 'sums', 'of', 'the', 'exponential', 'series', 'we', 'indicate', 'how', 'this', 'information', 'will', 'be', 'used', 'in', 'a', 'later', 'publication', 'to', 'obtain', 'full', 'and', 'explicitly', 'computable', 'asymptotic', 'expansions', 'with', 'error', 'bounds', 'for', 'all', 'zeros', 'of', 'the', 'taylor', 'polynomials', 'p_n1z', 'sum_k0n1', 'zk', 'k', 'our', 'proof', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'representation', 'of', 'p_n1nz', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'an', 'integral', 'of', 'the', 'form', 'int_gamma', 'fracenphisszds', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'how', 'to', 'derive', 'uniform', 'expansions', 'for', 'such', 'integrals', 'using', 'a', 'riemannhilbert', 'approach', 'a', 'comparison', 'with', 'classical', 'steepest', 'descent', 'analysis', 'shows', 'the', 'advantages', 'of', 'the', 'riemannhilbert', 'analysis', 'in', 'particular', 'for', 'points', 'z', 'that', 'are', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'critical', 'points', 'of', 'phi']] | [-0.12990530144525778, -0.0016866745714284052, -0.17459968887184055, 0.06740650103465919, -0.06560378368311656, -0.05395381619145564, 0.07299893123093446, 0.30605437134930846, -0.252095302989826, -0.21311829788097686, 0.12865577877922102, -0.26436113373060294, -0.18611948916671472, 0.22394149550108597, -0.05203443113287244, 0.05683337089631262, 0.04632606243483996, 0.055612950615687384, -0.13789895204869912, -0.29370359659468365, 0.29123145941679085, -0.01188471299006578, 0.22060382223491548, 0.03616788300659952, 0.1003079172522855, 0.007427014764547861, -0.03732559399961263, -0.05061784807011622, -0.1782817470336065, 0.15286078855049276, 0.27804785097709966, 0.10390271653139263, 0.26185182858805317, -0.3751128000899329, -0.11837688992398047, 0.12305218058236696, 0.22494886494711588, 0.059688126993015275, -0.00033254596007423936, -0.2696690267344954, 0.11602387004617362, -0.12233271884279104, -0.16326248601352403, -0.12481106148708031, 0.0031079977383375716, 0.11337391614813545, -0.3369450983206887, 0.08182437487914218, 0.05927428847537675, 0.10053704197757767, -0.014758135602219936, -0.1514694856163627, 0.06094367820513221, 0.07503333509634805, 0.04998220035746489, 0.017570847751136973, 0.03775410864655988, -0.08783452645149253, -0.08118308300778287, 0.3214232470976924, -0.10173657932959565, -0.21975173641406343, 0.10191448939613862, -0.1659789995777361, -0.16730755984936968, 0.10638714202363557, 0.15205368417562967, 0.15576026308427163, -0.11634221233837648, 0.1270444132382298, -0.056710314313206105, 0.12184478469842344, 0.10924058950531783, 0.0004463322234228937, 0.11819816415770612, 0.07210391142764427, 0.061864564046285056, 0.17520363581764145, -0.028495844900009965, -0.10000053788492576, -0.35605594961810005, -0.19931386137774232, -0.176106754069883, 0.06379960434417317, -0.16686488783594175, -0.2094400522519125, 0.3820404898131762, 0.13777540756737677, 0.2165793297051905, 0.13941317405594394, 0.2468473449896235, 0.20084727377472703, -0.0076279009290791434, 0.07876442197982357, 0.16721630914119678, 0.1641204760948179, 0.06845333874054732, -0.17054890320473992, 0.01050744697648109, 0.178858243813311] |
709.1214 | Statistical mechanical theory of an oscillating isolated system. The
relaxation to equilibrium | In this contribution we show that a suitably defined nonequilibrium entropy
of an N-body isolated system is not a constant of the motion in general and its
variation is bounded, the bounds determined by the thermodynamic entropy, i.e.,
the equilibrium entropy. We define the nonequilibrium entropy as a convex
functional of the set of n-particle reduced distribution functions
(n=0,......., N) generalizing the Gibbs fine-grained entropy formula.
Additionally, as a consequence of our microscopic analysis we find that this
nonequilibrium entropy behaves as a free entropic oscillator. In the approach
to the equilibrium regime we find relaxation equations of the Fokker-Planck
type, particularly for the one-particle distribution function.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | in this contribution we show that a suitably defined nonequilibrium entropy of an nbody isolated system is not a constant of the motion in general and its variation is bounded the bounds determined by the thermodynamic entropy ie the equilibrium entropy we define the nonequilibrium entropy as a convex functional of the set of nparticle reduced distribution functions n0 n generalizing the gibbs finegrained entropy formula additionally as a consequence of our microscopic analysis we find that this nonequilibrium entropy behaves as a free entropic oscillator in the approach to the equilibrium regime we find relaxation equations of the fokkerplanck type particularly for the oneparticle distribution function | [['in', 'this', 'contribution', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'a', 'suitably', 'defined', 'nonequilibrium', 'entropy', 'of', 'an', 'nbody', 'isolated', 'system', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'constant', 'of', 'the', 'motion', 'in', 'general', 'and', 'its', 'variation', 'is', 'bounded', 'the', 'bounds', 'determined', 'by', 'the', 'thermodynamic', 'entropy', 'ie', 'the', 'equilibrium', 'entropy', 'we', 'define', 'the', 'nonequilibrium', 'entropy', 'as', 'a', 'convex', 'functional', 'of', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'nparticle', 'reduced', 'distribution', 'functions', 'n0', 'n', 'generalizing', 'the', 'gibbs', 'finegrained', 'entropy', 'formula', 'additionally', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'of', 'our', 'microscopic', 'analysis', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'this', 'nonequilibrium', 'entropy', 'behaves', 'as', 'a', 'free', 'entropic', 'oscillator', 'in', 'the', 'approach', 'to', 'the', 'equilibrium', 'regime', 'we', 'find', 'relaxation', 'equations', 'of', 'the', 'fokkerplanck', 'type', 'particularly', 'for', 'the', 'oneparticle', 'distribution', 'function']] | [-0.11950772149470922, 0.14696600717814992, -0.16532374920636833, 0.10170542700303213, 0.025162951611678735, -0.0973363125731594, 0.0439195216885794, 0.2540852600865275, -0.30280475067758117, -0.23504581420778115, 0.015076059313865256, -0.29265169298415566, -0.13028580541983595, 0.15259451211090677, -0.0335377047140865, 0.08995314565580774, 0.03156687084489685, 0.06039287989619667, -0.09091074051439901, -0.17743532518011945, 0.32107733151762285, 0.012750612328124938, 0.2566481164512964, 0.07797264389119277, 0.11758757594572468, 0.00590014322900222, 0.04179394818302766, 0.08171170840266152, -0.2110970361452282, 0.09951948043106942, 0.22399476965645623, 0.12612678655194745, 0.27800227514529063, -0.3688178578409079, -0.22255333666210977, 0.11082322366326769, 0.11752441307642958, 0.12390032075519596, -0.008169887831138672, -0.20929740712255518, 0.022797474959673724, -0.2261532688008569, -0.18403530953817557, -0.0928249242454419, 0.02989571502815201, 0.03998489700536305, -0.25280656303044097, 0.163726532326959, 0.10703230536951919, 0.028079869504147602, -0.11511598596519086, -0.06980873336014555, -0.06869918521424041, 0.08589330044897081, 0.014687307703387097, 0.02534581024730665, 0.18547431987092317, -0.1164869818244582, -0.07566700031476042, 0.3326531481432998, -0.11736430340690242, -0.26379028052852105, 0.14968714643722383, -0.1490079749192799, -0.14578207268457966, 0.07304451983665751, 0.09315124211972144, 0.17916215045777995, -0.18506349688482898, 0.1298153445001683, -0.04595430153552617, 0.13353902652476715, 0.03230313157714973, 0.04013404132641643, 0.1455552621405119, 0.11479749184136635, 0.1035577629248951, 0.24193718287850094, -0.03728048539955482, -0.17592665261293056, -0.3634710861282928, -0.18345203420591202, -0.26426789087078, 0.1304943863527956, -0.11251245536523213, -0.234956804130914, 0.34746310665820523, 0.10788156516049231, 0.18808625663726408, 0.11928504070040778, 0.2589533320893577, 0.21720823188484797, -0.013286338133354472, 0.07863752034745206, 0.19122645652974807, 0.13573145541954332, 0.06415660436500177, -0.30448812075290027, 0.055146524014612924, 0.12112787321128853] |
709.1215 | Haar expectations of ratios of random characteristic polynomials | We compute Haar ensemble averages of ratios of random characteristic
polynomials for the classical Lie groups K = O(N), SO(N), and USp(N). To that
end, we start from the Clifford-Weyl algebera in its canonical realization on
the complex of holomorphic differential forms for a C-vector space V. From it
we construct the Fock representation of an orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra osp
associated to V. Particular attention is paid to defining Howe's oscillator
semigroup and the representation that partially exponentiates the Lie algebra
representation of sp in osp. In the process, by pushing the semigroup
representation to its boundary and arguing by continuity, we provide a
construction of the Shale-Weil-Segal representation of the metaplectic group.
To deal with a product of n ratios of characteristic polynomials, we let V =
C^n \otimes C^N where C^N is equipped with its standard K-representation, and
focus on the subspace of K-equivariant forms. By Howe duality, this is a
highest-weight irreducible representation of the centralizer g of Lie(K) in
osp. We identify the K-Haar expectation of n ratios with the character of this
g-representation, which we show to be uniquely determined by analyticity, Weyl
group invariance, certain weight constraints and a system of differential
equations coming from the Laplace-Casimir invariants of g. We find an explicit
solution to the problem posed by all these conditions. In this way we prove
that the said Haar expectations are expressed by a Weyl-type character formula
for all integers N \ge 1. This completes earlier work by Conrey, Farmer, and
Zirnbauer for the case of U(N).
| math-ph math.MP | we compute haar ensemble averages of ratios of random characteristic polynomials for the classical lie groups k on son and uspn to that end we start from the cliffordweyl algebera in its canonical realization on the complex of holomorphic differential forms for a cvector space v from it we construct the fock representation of an orthosymplectic lie superalgebra osp associated to v particular attention is paid to defining howes oscillator semigroup and the representation that partially exponentiates the lie algebra representation of sp in osp in the process by pushing the semigroup representation to its boundary and arguing by continuity we provide a construction of the shaleweilsegal representation of the metaplectic group to deal with a product of n ratios of characteristic polynomials we let v cn otimes cn where cn is equipped with its standard krepresentation and focus on the subspace of kequivariant forms by howe duality this is a highestweight irreducible representation of the centralizer g of liek in osp we identify the khaar expectation of n ratios with the character of this grepresentation which we show to be uniquely determined by analyticity weyl group invariance certain weight constraints and a system of differential equations coming from the laplacecasimir invariants of g we find an explicit solution to the problem posed by all these conditions in this way we prove that the said haar expectations are expressed by a weyltype character formula for all integers n ge 1 this completes earlier work by conrey farmer and zirnbauer for the case of un | [['we', 'compute', 'haar', 'ensemble', 'averages', 'of', 'ratios', 'of', 'random', 'characteristic', 'polynomials', 'for', 'the', 'classical', 'lie', 'groups', 'k', 'on', 'son', 'and', 'uspn', 'to', 'that', 'end', 'we', 'start', 'from', 'the', 'cliffordweyl', 'algebera', 'in', 'its', 'canonical', 'realization', 'on', 'the', 'complex', 'of', 'holomorphic', 'differential', 'forms', 'for', 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709.1216 | The Persian-Toledan Astronomical Connection and the European Renaissance | This paper aims at presenting a brief overview of astronomical exchanges
between the Eastern and Western parts of the Islamic world from the 8th to 14th
century. These cultural interactions were in fact vaster involving Persian,
Indian, Greek, and Chinese traditions. I will particularly focus on some
interesting relations between the Persian astronomical heritage and the
Andalusian (Spanish) achievements in that period. After a brief introduction
dealing mainly with a couple of terminological remarks, I will present a
glimpse of the historical context in which Muslim science developed. In Section
3, the origins of Muslim astronomy will be briefly examined. Section 4 will be
concerned with Khwarizmi, the Persian astronomer/mathematician who wrote the
first major astronomical work in the Muslim world. His influence on later
Andalusian astronomy will be looked into in Section 5. Andalusian astronomy
flourished in the 11th century, as will be studied in Section 6. Among its
major achievements were the Toledan Tables and the Alfonsine Tables, which will
be presented in Section 7. The Tables had a major position in European
astronomy until the advent of Copernicus in the 16th century. Since Ptolemy's
models were not satisfactory, Muslim astronomers tried to improve them, as we
will see in Section 8. This Section also shows how Andalusian astronomers took
part in this effort, which was necessary in the path to the Scientific
Revolution. Finally, Section 9 presents the Spanish influence on the eve of the
Renaissance.
| astro-ph | this paper aims at presenting a brief overview of astronomical exchanges between the eastern and western parts of the islamic world from the 8th to 14th century these cultural interactions were in fact vaster involving persian indian greek and chinese traditions i will particularly focus on some interesting relations between the persian astronomical heritage and the andalusian spanish achievements in that period after a brief introduction dealing mainly with a couple of terminological remarks i will present a glimpse of the historical context in which muslim science developed in section 3 the origins of muslim astronomy will be briefly examined section 4 will be concerned with khwarizmi the persian astronomermathematician who wrote the first major astronomical work in the muslim world his influence on later andalusian astronomy will be looked into in section 5 andalusian astronomy flourished in the 11th century as will be studied in section 6 among its major achievements were the toledan tables and the alfonsine tables which will be presented in section 7 the tables had a major position in european astronomy until the advent of copernicus in the 16th century since ptolemys models were not satisfactory muslim astronomers tried to improve them as we will see in section 8 this section also shows how andalusian astronomers took part in this effort which was necessary in the path to the scientific revolution finally section 9 presents the spanish influence on the eve of the renaissance | [['this', 'paper', 'aims', 'at', 'presenting', 'a', 'brief', 'overview', 'of', 'astronomical', 'exchanges', 'between', 'the', 'eastern', 'and', 'western', 'parts', 'of', 'the', 'islamic', 'world', 'from', 'the', '8th', 'to', '14th', 'century', 'these', 'cultural', 'interactions', 'were', 'in', 'fact', 'vaster', 'involving', 'persian', 'indian', 'greek', 'and', 'chinese', 'traditions', 'i', 'will', 'particularly', 'focus', 'on', 'some', 'interesting', 'relations', 'between', 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709.1217 | High-field vortices in Josephson junctions with alternating critical
current density | We study long Josephson junctions with the critical current density
alternating along the junction. New equilibrium states, which we call the field
synchronized or FS states, are shown to exist if the applied field is from
narrow intervals centered around equidistant series of resonant fields, $H_m$.
The values of $H_m$ are much higher than the flux penetration field, $H_s$. The
flux per period of the alternating critical current density, $\phi_i$, is fixed
for each of the FS states. In the $m$-th FS state the value of $\phi_i$ is
equal to an integer amount of flux quanta, $\phi_i =m\phi_0$. Two types of
single Josephson vortices carrying fluxes $\phi_0$ or/and $\phi_0/2$ can exist
in the FS states. Specific stepwise resonances in the current-voltage
characteristics are caused by periodic motion of these vortices between the
edges of the junction.
| cond-mat.supr-con | we study long josephson junctions with the critical current density alternating along the junction new equilibrium states which we call the field synchronized or fs states are shown to exist if the applied field is from narrow intervals centered around equidistant series of resonant fields h_m the values of h_m are much higher than the flux penetration field h_s the flux per period of the alternating critical current density phi_i is fixed for each of the fs states in the mth fs state the value of phi_i is equal to an integer amount of flux quanta phi_i mphi_0 two types of single josephson vortices carrying fluxes phi_0 orand phi_02 can exist in the fs states specific stepwise resonances in the currentvoltage characteristics are caused by periodic motion of these vortices between the edges of the junction | [['we', 'study', 'long', 'josephson', 'junctions', 'with', 'the', 'critical', 'current', 'density', 'alternating', 'along', 'the', 'junction', 'new', 'equilibrium', 'states', 'which', 'we', 'call', 'the', 'field', 'synchronized', 'or', 'fs', 'states', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'exist', 'if', 'the', 'applied', 'field', 'is', 'from', 'narrow', 'intervals', 'centered', 'around', 'equidistant', 'series', 'of', 'resonant', 'fields', 'h_m', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'h_m', 'are', 'much', 'higher', 'than', 'the', 'flux', 'penetration', 'field', 'h_s', 'the', 'flux', 'per', 'period', 'of', 'the', 'alternating', 'critical', 'current', 'density', 'phi_i', 'is', 'fixed', 'for', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'fs', 'states', 'in', 'the', 'mth', 'fs', 'state', 'the', 'value', 'of', 'phi_i', 'is', 'equal', 'to', 'an', 'integer', 'amount', 'of', 'flux', 'quanta', 'phi_i', 'mphi_0', 'two', 'types', 'of', 'single', 'josephson', 'vortices', 'carrying', 'fluxes', 'phi_0', 'orand', 'phi_02', 'can', 'exist', 'in', 'the', 'fs', 'states', 'specific', 'stepwise', 'resonances', 'in', 'the', 'currentvoltage', 'characteristics', 'are', 'caused', 'by', 'periodic', 'motion', 'of', 'these', 'vortices', 'between', 'the', 'edges', 'of', 'the', 'junction']] | [-0.2802799563501375, 0.25380681870188304, -0.004446354204857791, 0.034873106612616944, -0.006530347613065883, -0.14656497820245998, 0.039173469266474796, 0.3787549577653408, -0.24858830147595318, -0.26781607613795333, 0.027954888110118054, -0.30852287742826673, -0.030195230169704667, 0.18731534741646438, 0.009577566833683738, 0.01950280794936353, -0.002690959645918122, 0.0760303676335348, -0.06217171876794762, -0.19080888117767042, 0.31359199061989784, -0.032442878655813356, 0.2947549460179828, -0.00041454526492291027, 0.047921819853837845, -0.04732031628006586, 0.11061626904777734, 0.003487434590028392, -0.14295504312893306, 0.03831571652295275, 0.19675208956813783, -0.019998264547299454, 0.21528015069801498, -0.47867985536949065, -0.16439494663090617, 0.1017065733395241, 0.1643053533612854, 0.06498670114411248, 0.04768797772833043, -0.265884879010695, 0.07687639809661993, -0.0657038133263726, -0.1145201989794495, -0.009890752916948662, 0.06457662286012675, 0.07980694531945995, -0.26171594495298683, 0.08477054946210787, 0.02562306060421246, 0.08419718373463386, -0.046380639300440195, -0.1517835325104426, -0.09566495175369912, 0.06757973129171188, 0.06521677395708307, 0.06457935208972129, 0.15028556240722538, -0.16099093893791616, -0.10438776814413292, 0.24758040054132127, -0.08960619747188132, -0.13997924658383623, 0.09347708511545702, -0.18718242528675882, -0.04701261667327748, 0.2044943265409933, 0.06758068430116745, 0.13033134982817704, -0.09044272067301251, 0.04815731330050362, -0.013916877529549378, 0.17140724566178742, 0.12232763623404834, 0.03199898146817254, 0.306264344861524, 0.11463749456322855, 0.09290253402906712, 0.1392042087080578, -0.16926125708829473, -0.08456829157485454, -0.33129988355493106, -0.13719244273896847, -0.18292138239851705, 0.09683121251701204, -0.036478975653234456, -0.17999566976666553, 0.45442397341960006, 0.11877412583034365, 0.21102747246967973, -0.015385900581841944, 0.2304844402535646, 0.2170023714951067, 0.06883658167563327, 0.08352665717334107, 0.18978909208370304, 0.15201600104984309, 0.0729817226253174, -0.260728840882614, -0.0024775601199103726, 0.012204651613892229] |
709.1218 | Electroweak symmetry breaking and cold dark matter from strongly
interacting hidden sector | We consider a hidden sector with a vectorlike confining gauge theory like QCD
with $N_{h,c}$ colors and $N_{h,f}$ light quarks ${\cal Q}_h$ in the hidden
sector. Then a scale $\Lambda_H$ would be generated by dimensional
transmutation, and chiral symmetry breaking occurs in the hidden sector. This
scale $\Lambda_H$ can play a role of the SM Higgs mass parameter, triggering
electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). Furthermore the lightest mesons in the
hidden sector is stable by flavor conservation of the hidden sector strong
interaction, and could be a good cold dark matter (CDM). We study collider
phenomenology, and relic density and direct detection rates of the CDM of this
model.
| hep-ph | we consider a hidden sector with a vectorlike confining gauge theory like qcd with n_hc colors and n_hf light quarks cal q_h in the hidden sector then a scale lambda_h would be generated by dimensional transmutation and chiral symmetry breaking occurs in the hidden sector this scale lambda_h can play a role of the sm higgs mass parameter triggering electroweak symmetry breaking ewsb furthermore the lightest mesons in the hidden sector is stable by flavor conservation of the hidden sector strong interaction and could be a good cold dark matter cdm we study collider phenomenology and relic density and direct detection rates of the cdm of this model | [['we', 'consider', 'a', 'hidden', 'sector', 'with', 'a', 'vectorlike', 'confining', 'gauge', 'theory', 'like', 'qcd', 'with', 'n_hc', 'colors', 'and', 'n_hf', 'light', 'quarks', 'cal', 'q_h', 'in', 'the', 'hidden', 'sector', 'then', 'a', 'scale', 'lambda_h', 'would', 'be', 'generated', 'by', 'dimensional', 'transmutation', 'and', 'chiral', 'symmetry', 'breaking', 'occurs', 'in', 'the', 'hidden', 'sector', 'this', 'scale', 'lambda_h', 'can', 'play', 'a', 'role', 'of', 'the', 'sm', 'higgs', 'mass', 'parameter', 'triggering', 'electroweak', 'symmetry', 'breaking', 'ewsb', 'furthermore', 'the', 'lightest', 'mesons', 'in', 'the', 'hidden', 'sector', 'is', 'stable', 'by', 'flavor', 'conservation', 'of', 'the', 'hidden', 'sector', 'strong', 'interaction', 'and', 'could', 'be', 'a', 'good', 'cold', 'dark', 'matter', 'cdm', 'we', 'study', 'collider', 'phenomenology', 'and', 'relic', 'density', 'and', 'direct', 'detection', 'rates', 'of', 'the', 'cdm', 'of', 'this', 'model']] | [-0.15031772014632258, 0.3642496719499523, -0.08426904818921718, 0.17979814245185446, -0.12971700203411704, -0.1631792756148948, 0.00741597382189214, 0.29736943642459457, -0.23321706661954522, -0.30154847029491133, 0.055604133136649525, -0.2607903601074556, -0.018487152143245353, -0.025900493271622527, 0.07693023344870868, 0.05531494041360071, -0.031132109666392557, 0.0168814790382419, -0.002431667014464455, -0.21021731288769757, 0.29184167580415477, 0.008495726640213211, 0.19544600693614417, 0.09525324027317594, 0.05573617780299963, -0.02936191433372925, 0.027922890689399727, -0.1095646883861847, -0.08116083593055043, 0.06367636488240985, 0.16259138765887637, 0.04372738294615323, 0.11531623025240272, -0.3949777348459048, -0.2154998797835466, 0.21515939489253005, 0.15915979601372526, 0.12589244461258137, -0.1448471033418516, -0.3658780996481238, 0.08303651345217214, -0.24475122983831, -0.15410015302740987, -0.09165938691574342, -0.09025656086621138, -0.17645402281009154, -0.336198964375862, 0.14102730477000322, -0.07430280644868342, 0.005270507775317386, 0.0315074382244416, -0.09204146314197097, -0.13135733457616056, -0.05649916553114242, 0.21372952531004008, 0.026548189218683203, 0.20254771445904207, -0.30599437645760874, -0.144121047184047, 0.4751364854515864, -0.12373396598751533, -0.12877853311167783, 0.14945069211095852, -0.12553937530215337, -0.21416489445076672, 0.07975336317113547, 0.19108880167598571, 0.03957737396023113, -0.107115215815182, 0.23671177206813568, -0.11657180274805967, 0.24112670082612103, 0.05571852384117555, 0.07865830603547676, 0.3435733320261791, 0.21510463214988979, 0.03833506838857846, 0.02277927880641073, -0.017328359459017246, -0.12981622977366777, -0.44553661503706055, -0.1267363889459169, -0.07477948069133146, 0.024811110211336404, -0.11531189390041378, -0.05467018188100378, 0.3920403645980119, 0.1137360479294999, 0.22529742439092962, -0.028994511204490543, 0.2490309842352597, 0.06968559243909593, 0.10468629559085765, 0.024646316714697948, 0.3065543780806211, 0.1663604908016563, 0.08075903213301779, -0.278834298413405, -0.07340313036451643, 0.10228741642764225] |
709.1219 | Relaxation dynamics of aftershocks after large volatility shocks in the
SSEC index | The relaxation dynamics of aftershocks after large volatility shocks are
investigated based on two high-frequency data sets of the Shanghai Stock
Exchange Composite (SSEC) index. Compared with previous relevant work, we have
defined main financial shocks based on large volatilities rather than large
crashes. We find that the occurrence rate of aftershocks with the magnitude
exceeding a given threshold for both daily volatility (constructed using
1-minute data) and minutely volatility (using intra-minute data) decays as a
power law. The power-law relaxation exponent increases with the volatility
threshold and is significantly greater than 1. Taking financial volatility as
the counterpart of seismic activity, the power-law relaxation in financial
volatility deviates remarkably from the Omori law in Geophysics.
| q-fin.ST physics.soc-ph | the relaxation dynamics of aftershocks after large volatility shocks are investigated based on two highfrequency data sets of the shanghai stock exchange composite ssec index compared with previous relevant work we have defined main financial shocks based on large volatilities rather than large crashes we find that the occurrence rate of aftershocks with the magnitude exceeding a given threshold for both daily volatility constructed using 1minute data and minutely volatility using intraminute data decays as a power law the powerlaw relaxation exponent increases with the volatility threshold and is significantly greater than 1 taking financial volatility as the counterpart of seismic activity the powerlaw relaxation in financial volatility deviates remarkably from the omori law in geophysics | [['the', 'relaxation', 'dynamics', 'of', 'aftershocks', 'after', 'large', 'volatility', 'shocks', 'are', 'investigated', 'based', 'on', 'two', 'highfrequency', 'data', 'sets', 'of', 'the', 'shanghai', 'stock', 'exchange', 'composite', 'ssec', 'index', 'compared', 'with', 'previous', 'relevant', 'work', 'we', 'have', 'defined', 'main', 'financial', 'shocks', 'based', 'on', 'large', 'volatilities', 'rather', 'than', 'large', 'crashes', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'occurrence', 'rate', 'of', 'aftershocks', 'with', 'the', 'magnitude', 'exceeding', 'a', 'given', 'threshold', 'for', 'both', 'daily', 'volatility', 'constructed', 'using', '1minute', 'data', 'and', 'minutely', 'volatility', 'using', 'intraminute', 'data', 'decays', 'as', 'a', 'power', 'law', 'the', 'powerlaw', 'relaxation', 'exponent', 'increases', 'with', 'the', 'volatility', 'threshold', 'and', 'is', 'significantly', 'greater', 'than', '1', 'taking', 'financial', 'volatility', 'as', 'the', 'counterpart', 'of', 'seismic', 'activity', 'the', 'powerlaw', 'relaxation', 'in', 'financial', 'volatility', 'deviates', 'remarkably', 'from', 'the', 'omori', 'law', 'in', 'geophysics']] | [-0.055272522625391896, 0.13622351283126552, -0.07982035519798165, 0.17051578666711145, -0.05817917509095581, -0.11303133296415857, 0.06412447038734251, 0.3541922088550485, -0.2363086693596257, -0.2911988282940634, 0.16129616427478258, -0.3603641356341541, -0.11534631351899842, 0.2774799514197461, -0.04579860956873745, 0.026503352027224456, -0.017028885162637935, -0.03582453345070067, 0.03430824623362202, -0.23611598431092243, 0.23452216466159925, 0.09424468286173499, 0.3187910231113758, -0.021891096169533938, 0.10515013923969768, -0.023794728719993778, -0.05885156161840195, 0.006681114615386595, -0.12383156172841352, 0.08829869511739716, 0.20786235579087034, 0.049120897330019786, 0.30734370776816555, -0.4521214271531157, -0.20636129386561072, 0.11253181628923377, 0.06206673133065519, -0.006816165181605712, 0.030291121645385156, -0.23737600471257517, 0.0006934656316171521, -0.24680466511408272, -0.10175429900257808, -0.04926572506842406, 0.09646528533295445, 0.08415575006814754, -0.2935926629777026, 0.20957051663224222, 0.019968986430245896, 0.12646125366293784, -0.047902963492695405, -0.13013113460948933, -0.03950138916868878, 0.07333028447692809, 0.20325403185156377, -0.049260494801337304, 0.18086176052608569, -0.10614976531461529, -0.16517200158989948, 0.3347607531625292, -0.14310967772110852, -0.06307482016475305, 0.11435349234177367, -0.23214731371111197, -0.09848887338227107, 0.15047893620946484, 0.18472257652522428, 0.003971435215308979, -0.15366592070330745, 0.016480050461731205, 0.006065821052407441, 0.19671132859733442, 0.07035693559876603, -0.024256816518533487, 0.13027688650232133, 0.23091691363926814, 0.048795678221580124, 0.12105277755155998, -0.1401527932440133, -0.15630296880136366, -0.2506114224133932, -0.042978199158349766, -0.21257463634095114, 0.09967538300780175, -0.2141454664947283, -0.13132640451759747, 0.3993303219585315, 0.1175321032293141, 0.16264001521656452, 0.14951539564391841, 0.23937333231062993, 0.1798528707323029, 0.03341165044061516, 0.152345797781954, 0.19240498386485422, 0.014212467604438247, 0.1793813194917596, -0.16299356173005197, 0.20444630042285375, -0.0018619569828328879] |
709.122 | Surface solitons in left-handed metamaterials | A theory of self-induced transparency of surface TM-mode propagating along a
interface separating conventional and left-handed metamaterials is developed. A
transition layer sandwiched between connected media is described using a model
of a two-dimensional gas of quantum dots. Explicit analytical expressions for a
surface optical soliton in the presence of single and biexciton transitions,
depending on the magnetic permeability of the left-handed medium, are obtained
with realistic parameters which can be reached in current experiments. It is
shown that the sign of the total energy flow the surface mode depends on the
material parameters of the quantum dots and the connected media.
| physics.optics physics.gen-ph | a theory of selfinduced transparency of surface tmmode propagating along a interface separating conventional and lefthanded metamaterials is developed a transition layer sandwiched between connected media is described using a model of a twodimensional gas of quantum dots explicit analytical expressions for a surface optical soliton in the presence of single and biexciton transitions depending on the magnetic permeability of the lefthanded medium are obtained with realistic parameters which can be reached in current experiments it is shown that the sign of the total energy flow the surface mode depends on the material parameters of the quantum dots and the connected media | [['a', 'theory', 'of', 'selfinduced', 'transparency', 'of', 'surface', 'tmmode', 'propagating', 'along', 'a', 'interface', 'separating', 'conventional', 'and', 'lefthanded', 'metamaterials', 'is', 'developed', 'a', 'transition', 'layer', 'sandwiched', 'between', 'connected', 'media', 'is', 'described', 'using', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'a', 'twodimensional', 'gas', 'of', 'quantum', 'dots', 'explicit', 'analytical', 'expressions', 'for', 'a', 'surface', 'optical', 'soliton', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'single', 'and', 'biexciton', 'transitions', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'magnetic', 'permeability', 'of', 'the', 'lefthanded', 'medium', 'are', 'obtained', 'with', 'realistic', 'parameters', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'reached', 'in', 'current', 'experiments', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'sign', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'energy', 'flow', 'the', 'surface', 'mode', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'material', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'quantum', 'dots', 'and', 'the', 'connected', 'media']] | [-0.176135020380196, 0.2070944540056528, -0.036041148358444665, -0.013269784642319543, -0.04586767192528236, -0.1578270076481881, 0.03538124373652881, 0.4005234895420133, -0.24289984142809523, -0.27774744782158556, 0.04522988994779321, -0.2893114987916003, -0.14045259816225106, 0.2231985886430587, 0.04956108705122389, 0.024002724989116483, 0.0018982045151585457, 0.0014268505323093896, -0.04974213787400182, -0.13193311960911194, 0.31209889035580646, -0.01531348246898429, 0.33477949645078064, 0.11154695216328929, 0.10998198856581368, -0.03728249045682377, 0.046372614335268736, 0.038259838059471515, -0.1323858038320431, 0.10754409127220438, 0.1763074340358121, -0.0344128703388075, 0.17786100385345371, -0.4690900631796788, -0.2514156359613088, 0.03053553726332372, 0.14872494280137413, 0.11127039896411017, -0.07426817223256198, -0.29300746602901057, 0.03520567271876715, -0.1262298794645889, -0.12313101424461267, 0.00701534261872225, -0.008987077995769534, 0.024309232799044133, -0.2735220899933255, 0.07662136284588818, 0.02640114739473325, 0.032436850066433716, -0.04548313230842206, -0.05162809692396253, -0.0835244947788762, 0.10832015595709284, -0.0017083125615802903, 0.007634288508116323, 0.18192447046749294, -0.18121293828567014, -0.07453301860311744, 0.3832493539370012, -0.08408953076885904, -0.19095806527298456, 0.15987936239324363, -0.12732653950761055, 0.03217002429415052, 0.15868688647078313, 0.16393650252846817, 0.10835956137481273, -0.11293156567376618, 0.07503946140408801, -0.06375681667351256, 0.18254522939997853, 0.08237732412047027, 0.03304921631591723, 0.24284928484007204, 0.18974006612438196, 0.016666879183521457, 0.13341357583504207, -0.0715274435659761, -0.08573773210210835, -0.2827329897851336, -0.19508485608807236, -0.21340256967603494, 0.04514204042817594, -0.09594619109745561, -0.2162464845240203, 0.4330228749187846, 0.07227333107798853, 0.17348589359180017, -0.0728517830652623, 0.29212992693589745, 0.15108468448377999, 0.055500775744554164, 0.0577745310706543, 0.2827272848408742, 0.19196743839055153, 0.07974300880496409, -0.22985776770385166, 0.041325863382286006, 0.028122990061163755] |
709.1221 | Anomalous Lineshapes and Aging Effects in Two-Dimensional Correlation
Spectroscopy | Multitime correlation functions provide useful probes for the ensembles of
trajectories underlying the stochastic dynamics of complex systems. These can
be obtained by measuring their optical response to sequences of ultrashort
optical pulse. Using the continuous time random walk model for spectral
diffusion, we analyze the signatures of anomalous relaxation in two-dimensional
four wave mixing signals. Different models which share the same two point joint
probability distribution show markedly different lineshapes and may be
distinguished. Aging random walks corresponding to waiting time distributions
with diverging first moment show dependence of 2D lineshapes on initial
observation time, which persist for long times.
| cond-mat.soft | multitime correlation functions provide useful probes for the ensembles of trajectories underlying the stochastic dynamics of complex systems these can be obtained by measuring their optical response to sequences of ultrashort optical pulse using the continuous time random walk model for spectral diffusion we analyze the signatures of anomalous relaxation in twodimensional four wave mixing signals different models which share the same two point joint probability distribution show markedly different lineshapes and may be distinguished aging random walks corresponding to waiting time distributions with diverging first moment show dependence of 2d lineshapes on initial observation time which persist for long times | [['multitime', 'correlation', 'functions', 'provide', 'useful', 'probes', 'for', 'the', 'ensembles', 'of', 'trajectories', 'underlying', 'the', 'stochastic', 'dynamics', 'of', 'complex', 'systems', 'these', 'can', 'be', 'obtained', 'by', 'measuring', 'their', 'optical', 'response', 'to', 'sequences', 'of', 'ultrashort', 'optical', 'pulse', 'using', 'the', 'continuous', 'time', 'random', 'walk', 'model', 'for', 'spectral', 'diffusion', 'we', 'analyze', 'the', 'signatures', 'of', 'anomalous', 'relaxation', 'in', 'twodimensional', 'four', 'wave', 'mixing', 'signals', 'different', 'models', 'which', 'share', 'the', 'same', 'two', 'point', 'joint', 'probability', 'distribution', 'show', 'markedly', 'different', 'lineshapes', 'and', 'may', 'be', 'distinguished', 'aging', 'random', 'walks', 'corresponding', 'to', 'waiting', 'time', 'distributions', 'with', 'diverging', 'first', 'moment', 'show', 'dependence', 'of', '2d', 'lineshapes', 'on', 'initial', 'observation', 'time', 'which', 'persist', 'for', 'long', 'times']] | [-0.129037756173143, 0.20159384442636244, -0.1397725073574572, 0.09720106256692347, 0.009695753183142088, -0.16036456270549115, -0.010596365554345826, 0.44044316595069843, -0.3106460642106462, -0.26350095251224714, 0.0657012374728162, -0.24793383333656827, -0.13792952388008634, 0.1913441180200823, 0.052356039533520686, 0.11806484175348046, 0.044019789695463114, -0.02227172617181573, -0.09119968734955931, -0.19462070697549694, 0.2723140976804373, 0.009774859994649887, 0.30539945749068026, -0.01793965718496849, 0.09019754426369425, 0.04859480470197626, -0.026402255907507225, -0.006278469591484506, -0.09525754373280866, 0.033857451014146944, 0.19533632574350104, 0.05420675200968059, 0.20367272742701195, -0.46250812462208296, -0.2665933682813798, 0.12854375312160146, 0.14582141522418404, 0.11317245097655693, -0.016317041495141786, -0.32165031647770714, -0.003979113612250232, -0.07965305067672587, -0.12504559274795143, -0.07621248421434423, 0.04277404786420682, 0.11245881438043227, -0.28081131910001583, 0.10705853308813812, 0.028484512064582898, 0.030915110362785877, -0.049743580283818416, -0.1061239464964607, 0.009425086836044741, 0.17063834421373536, 0.04670438311860371, -0.018270266915459445, 0.14082683389084322, -0.08850341795547174, -0.16939203767048305, 0.34793276263234935, -0.11123513621232002, -0.16200834763522196, 0.19174766900319845, -0.23482851291739262, -0.12230394692114084, 0.17698614746286062, 0.21629286727491687, 0.10794867246785192, -0.1866683684480215, -0.022551644898347076, 0.0012021687869870077, 0.13905824092130342, 0.0701524542539731, 0.11602090616332422, 0.2296569663339691, 0.14367801956094728, 0.02272331371608347, 0.10394152193238018, -0.09826085133948317, -0.12526421441632038, -0.24468995687853784, -0.09656004154291649, -0.21667103695286677, 0.1093018395060588, -0.14897597460338435, -0.16382369495891402, 0.4579483525698433, 0.16039456583278272, 0.2362450016385848, 0.11006405234963883, 0.21197038227323406, 0.18427951603500856, -0.00357650486535697, 0.025500848465184175, 0.15319754956013495, 0.09984189216831311, 0.09900806906937372, -0.2482798647015623, 0.10510710575663955, 0.024491432127496687] |
709.1222 | Energetic Electrons and Nuclear Transmutations in Exploding Wires | Nuclear transmutations and fast neutrons have been observed to emerge from
large electrical current pulses passing through wire filaments which are
induced to explode. The nuclear reactions may be explained as inverse beta
transitions of energetic electrons absorbed either directly by single protons
in Hydrogen or by protons embedded in other more massive nuclei. The critical
energy transformations to the electrons from the electromagnetic field and from
the electrons to the nuclei are best understood in terms of coherent collective
motions of the many flowing electrons within a wire filament. Energy
transformation mechanisms have thus been found which settle a theoretical
paradox in low energy nuclear reactions which has remained unresolved for over
eight decades. It is presently clear that nuclear transmutations can occur
under a much wider range of physical conditions than was heretofore thought
possible.
| nucl-th | nuclear transmutations and fast neutrons have been observed to emerge from large electrical current pulses passing through wire filaments which are induced to explode the nuclear reactions may be explained as inverse beta transitions of energetic electrons absorbed either directly by single protons in hydrogen or by protons embedded in other more massive nuclei the critical energy transformations to the electrons from the electromagnetic field and from the electrons to the nuclei are best understood in terms of coherent collective motions of the many flowing electrons within a wire filament energy transformation mechanisms have thus been found which settle a theoretical paradox in low energy nuclear reactions which has remained unresolved for over eight decades it is presently clear that nuclear transmutations can occur under a much wider range of physical conditions than was heretofore thought possible | [['nuclear', 'transmutations', 'and', 'fast', 'neutrons', 'have', 'been', 'observed', 'to', 'emerge', 'from', 'large', 'electrical', 'current', 'pulses', 'passing', 'through', 'wire', 'filaments', 'which', 'are', 'induced', 'to', 'explode', 'the', 'nuclear', 'reactions', 'may', 'be', 'explained', 'as', 'inverse', 'beta', 'transitions', 'of', 'energetic', 'electrons', 'absorbed', 'either', 'directly', 'by', 'single', 'protons', 'in', 'hydrogen', 'or', 'by', 'protons', 'embedded', 'in', 'other', 'more', 'massive', 'nuclei', 'the', 'critical', 'energy', 'transformations', 'to', 'the', 'electrons', 'from', 'the', 'electromagnetic', 'field', 'and', 'from', 'the', 'electrons', 'to', 'the', 'nuclei', 'are', 'best', 'understood', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'coherent', 'collective', 'motions', 'of', 'the', 'many', 'flowing', 'electrons', 'within', 'a', 'wire', 'filament', 'energy', 'transformation', 'mechanisms', 'have', 'thus', 'been', 'found', 'which', 'settle', 'a', 'theoretical', 'paradox', 'in', 'low', 'energy', 'nuclear', 'reactions', 'which', 'has', 'remained', 'unresolved', 'for', 'over', 'eight', 'decades', 'it', 'is', 'presently', 'clear', 'that', 'nuclear', 'transmutations', 'can', 'occur', 'under', 'a', 'much', 'wider', 'range', 'of', 'physical', 'conditions', 'than', 'was', 'heretofore', 'thought', 'possible']] | [-0.06116717903157628, 0.26667070884366323, -0.057026558341526416, 0.12914890720233674, -0.031166339693777943, -0.1175123704019526, 0.03711912966244956, 0.4077814961001821, -0.25910046618634897, -0.3400730488237238, 0.015102523875280018, -0.27716649112284836, -0.01457436714851617, 0.19663737092743266, 0.024588579143717013, -0.0062709755542939595, 0.024443053389749878, 0.006501678798864358, -0.05086933754012329, -0.15921089311137143, 0.2680888924387413, 0.103317944948174, 0.2189346482691756, 0.07209564537705554, 0.051744888444859395, -0.05352150927379347, 0.023971209696827145, 0.002999227103117826, -0.05604417170220553, 0.03805917763171622, 0.2725827617903859, 0.032128395670753, 0.21675488731975118, -0.5255130957540152, -0.2889615741497191, 0.11927766637047277, 0.2094519176406966, 0.11366979928812977, -0.08326403655837898, -0.25916935440941447, 0.017705808801535706, -0.18457195487886285, -0.13238498464525833, -0.0520245009441826, 0.04731892054156149, 0.07152988494078145, -0.18676691320486857, 0.10709206848141349, 0.04022397590039747, 0.021376882658516783, -0.07814381800483178, -0.1283374585748317, 0.0027962264886982465, 0.08711919128507321, 0.09597343568567758, 0.05812641864057875, 0.22924545696549062, -0.13433528866917982, -0.09154008104581468, 0.4023040430824252, 0.037107101452420466, -0.09658174882438986, 0.2141093087865271, -0.19341556559976217, -0.09175606990695326, 0.26250657665264543, 0.1420773195109609, 0.10503514632021832, -0.2128839601429492, 0.02361158542713171, -0.035601240137496784, 0.13104538550688782, 0.08565868026522552, 0.04714045122293008, 0.25860604652659086, 0.1651159474943989, 0.004695916191052754, 0.08319815343550073, -0.09001220253561318, -0.08009778581649732, -0.2247699575811407, -0.10774130651040724, -0.13575736744614847, 0.11457382877914737, 0.011957487367058723, -0.10831313211994287, 0.35814068141481736, 0.05475070218837745, 0.15810915076914822, -0.11564259695902086, 0.2792353984376375, 0.09966241252815936, 0.12105630885768873, 0.09596182070383598, 0.33712985872309725, 0.1867120902285143, 0.08548300617704181, -0.20869745102534273, 0.0662980293345223, -0.014846177994055644] |
709.1223 | Group-theoretic Methods for Bounding the Exponent of Matrix
Multiplication | The (asymptotic) complexity of matrix multiplication (over the complex field)
is measured by a real parameter w > 0, called the exponent of matrix
multiplication (over the complex field), which is defined to be the smallest
real number w > 0 such that for an arbitrary degree of precision > 0, two n by
n complex matrices can be multiplied using an algorithm using O(n^(w+\epsilon))
number of non-division arithmetical operations. By the standard algorithm for
multiplying two matrices, the trivial lower and upper bounds for the exponent w
are 2 and 3 respectively.
W. Strassen in 1969 obtained the first important result that w < 2.81 using
his result that 2 by 2 matrix multiplication could be performed using 7
multiplications, not 8, as in the standard algorithm. In 1984, V. Pan improved
this to 2.67, using a variant of Strassen's approach. It has been conjectured
that w = 2, but the best known result is that w < 2.38, due to D. Coppersmith
and S. Winograd. In all these approaches, estimates for w depend on the number
of main running steps in their algorithms.
In a recent series of papers in 2003 and 2005, H. Cohn and C. Umans put
forward an entirely different approach using fairly elementary methods
involving finite groups, group algebras and their representations. The author
describes and proves their main results, and suggests possible ways of getting
improved estimates for the exponent using their methods.
| math.GR math.RT | the asymptotic complexity of matrix multiplication over the complex field is measured by a real parameter w 0 called the exponent of matrix multiplication over the complex field which is defined to be the smallest real number w 0 such that for an arbitrary degree of precision 0 two n by n complex matrices can be multiplied using an algorithm using onwepsilon number of nondivision arithmetical operations by the standard algorithm for multiplying two matrices the trivial lower and upper bounds for the exponent w are 2 and 3 respectively w strassen in 1969 obtained the first important result that w 281 using his result that 2 by 2 matrix multiplication could be performed using 7 multiplications not 8 as in the standard algorithm in 1984 v pan improved this to 267 using a variant of strassens approach it has been conjectured that w 2 but the best known result is that w 238 due to d coppersmith and s winograd in all these approaches estimates for w depend on the number of main running steps in their algorithms in a recent series of papers in 2003 and 2005 h cohn and c umans put forward an entirely different approach using fairly elementary methods involving finite groups group algebras and their representations the author describes and proves their main results and suggests possible ways of getting improved estimates for the exponent using their methods | [['the', 'asymptotic', 'complexity', 'of', 'matrix', 'multiplication', 'over', 'the', 'complex', 'field', 'is', 'measured', 'by', 'a', 'real', 'parameter', 'w', '0', 'called', 'the', 'exponent', 'of', 'matrix', 'multiplication', 'over', 'the', 'complex', 'field', 'which', 'is', 'defined', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'smallest', 'real', 'number', 'w', '0', 'such', 'that', 'for', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'degree', 'of', 'precision', '0', 'two', 'n', 'by', 'n', 'complex', 'matrices', 'can', 'be', 'multiplied', 'using', 'an', 'algorithm', 'using', 'onwepsilon', 'number', 'of', 'nondivision', 'arithmetical', 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709.1224 | Magnetized strange quark matter and magnetized strange quark stars | Strange quark matter could be found in the core of neutron stars or forming
strange quark stars. As is well known, these astrophysical objects are endowed
with strong magnetic fields which affect the microscopic properties of matter
and modify the macroscopic properties of the system. In this paper we study the
role of a strong magnetic field in the thermodynamical properties of a
magnetized degenerate strange quark gas, taking into account beta-equilibrium
and charge neutrality. Quarks and electrons interact with the magnetic field
via their electric charges and anomalous magnetic moments. In contrast to the
magnetic field value of 10^19 G, obtained when anomalous magnetic moments are
not taken into account, we find the upper bound B < 8.6 x 10^17 G, for the
stability of the system. A phase transition could be hidden for fields greater
than this value.
| astro-ph nucl-th | strange quark matter could be found in the core of neutron stars or forming strange quark stars as is well known these astrophysical objects are endowed with strong magnetic fields which affect the microscopic properties of matter and modify the macroscopic properties of the system in this paper we study the role of a strong magnetic field in the thermodynamical properties of a magnetized degenerate strange quark gas taking into account betaequilibrium and charge neutrality quarks and electrons interact with the magnetic field via their electric charges and anomalous magnetic moments in contrast to the magnetic field value of 1019 g obtained when anomalous magnetic moments are not taken into account we find the upper bound b 86 x 1017 g for the stability of the system a phase transition could be hidden for fields greater than this value | [['strange', 'quark', 'matter', 'could', 'be', 'found', 'in', 'the', 'core', 'of', 'neutron', 'stars', 'or', 'forming', 'strange', 'quark', 'stars', 'as', 'is', 'well', 'known', 'these', 'astrophysical', 'objects', 'are', 'endowed', 'with', 'strong', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'which', 'affect', 'the', 'microscopic', 'properties', 'of', 'matter', 'and', 'modify', 'the', 'macroscopic', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'a', 'strong', 'magnetic', 'field', 'in', 'the', 'thermodynamical', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'magnetized', 'degenerate', 'strange', 'quark', 'gas', 'taking', 'into', 'account', 'betaequilibrium', 'and', 'charge', 'neutrality', 'quarks', 'and', 'electrons', 'interact', 'with', 'the', 'magnetic', 'field', 'via', 'their', 'electric', 'charges', 'and', 'anomalous', 'magnetic', 'moments', 'in', 'contrast', 'to', 'the', 'magnetic', 'field', 'value', 'of', '1019', 'g', 'obtained', 'when', 'anomalous', 'magnetic', 'moments', 'are', 'not', 'taken', 'into', 'account', 'we', 'find', 'the', 'upper', 'bound', 'b', '86', 'x', '1017', 'g', 'for', 'the', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'a', 'phase', 'transition', 'could', 'be', 'hidden', 'for', 'fields', 'greater', 'than', 'this', 'value']] | [-0.14726824809926087, 0.27597547550400947, -0.06617890800543719, 0.10384114508319432, -0.07455151119410135, -0.05375828888441483, 0.057534299247308546, 0.3232212883601193, -0.1960210374241574, -0.35885304217260305, -0.005486123257135745, -0.2797668532019468, -0.001831571305197456, 0.1353987421749977, 0.04322082161394169, -0.033494545823539335, -0.017650671157543714, 0.07194754259875245, -0.07097189068432441, -0.20147887215088625, 0.32652090707954634, -0.02329727188054231, 0.22214020509272814, 0.09049383550547331, 0.04194296956089118, -0.059065785506914416, 0.05422717084933957, 0.05968347729163633, -0.08306197363802854, 0.011276143442222969, 0.14808963859669877, 0.0038529031193084854, 0.1652777567773843, -0.4605687774195195, -0.20557532838224132, 0.11074166249386672, 0.13303258263995107, 0.06547636744020198, -0.08075375586962528, -0.3136132791665175, 0.10111908770079235, -0.15433838028500943, -0.17444151007108016, -0.11352435258223856, 0.011582297379345291, 0.051789341248210066, -0.3010616536459906, 0.08959586314836905, 0.08687958041986571, 0.0400703475865445, -0.11966779876312764, -0.18109960497018593, -0.07297912637180508, 0.09447653650698962, 0.10369343788483643, 0.08214939843441138, 0.1999852792292887, -0.20457503754099524, -0.0520940849477117, 0.40470822818456686, -0.07942198417134827, -0.1231832343669568, 0.1516830485361032, -0.25119954166036074, -0.12845492141200698, 0.12999201800821603, 0.19471557944235826, 0.13084908159074488, -0.17206301354426679, 0.08253677591862385, -0.028502535855518187, 0.13718689703081044, 0.03081879724929337, 0.09443472542217095, 0.35764531427726365, 0.17067206998208284, -0.0051007237446179495, 0.1063090826811021, -0.08920945489122499, -0.04452787382568387, -0.28169071035486437, -0.15735951790849095, -0.13119630317250602, 0.0939909651719089, -0.10652754999816136, -0.16013502311832506, 0.36226264393399304, 0.15122021504228922, 0.1759363043343099, -0.09538335005983897, 0.27072081981870016, 0.12367247724352846, 0.05508735991734676, 0.10318993253837735, 0.31807176067440257, 0.2689851185695516, 0.11913350476086032, -0.25587875330016663, 0.020283793146125703, 0.04910198554209025] |
709.1225 | Holographic phase transitions at finite chemical potential | Recently holographic techniques have been used to study the thermal
properties of N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory, with gauge group SU(Nc) and coupled
to Nf << Nc flavours of fundamental matter, at large Nc and large 't Hooft
coupling. Here we consider the phase diagram as a function of temperature and
baryon chemical potential mu. For fixed mu < Nc Mq there is a line of first
order thermal phase transitions separating a region with vanishing baryon
density and one with nonzero density. For fixed mu > Nc Mq there is no phase
transition as a function of the temperature and the baryon density is always
nonzero. We also compare the present results for the grand canonical ensemble
with those for canonical ensemble in which the baryon density is held fixed
[1].
| hep-th | recently holographic techniques have been used to study the thermal properties of n2 superyangmills theory with gauge group sunc and coupled to nf nc flavours of fundamental matter at large nc and large t hooft coupling here we consider the phase diagram as a function of temperature and baryon chemical potential mu for fixed mu nc mq there is a line of first order thermal phase transitions separating a region with vanishing baryon density and one with nonzero density for fixed mu nc mq there is no phase transition as a function of the temperature and the baryon density is always nonzero we also compare the present results for the grand canonical ensemble with those for canonical ensemble in which the baryon density is held fixed 1 | [['recently', 'holographic', 'techniques', 'have', 'been', 'used', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'thermal', 'properties', 'of', 'n2', 'superyangmills', 'theory', 'with', 'gauge', 'group', 'sunc', 'and', 'coupled', 'to', 'nf', 'nc', 'flavours', 'of', 'fundamental', 'matter', 'at', 'large', 'nc', 'and', 'large', 't', 'hooft', 'coupling', 'here', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'phase', 'diagram', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'temperature', 'and', 'baryon', 'chemical', 'potential', 'mu', 'for', 'fixed', 'mu', 'nc', 'mq', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'line', 'of', 'first', 'order', 'thermal', 'phase', 'transitions', 'separating', 'a', 'region', 'with', 'vanishing', 'baryon', 'density', 'and', 'one', 'with', 'nonzero', 'density', 'for', 'fixed', 'mu', 'nc', 'mq', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'phase', 'transition', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'the', 'temperature', 'and', 'the', 'baryon', 'density', 'is', 'always', 'nonzero', 'we', 'also', 'compare', 'the', 'present', 'results', 'for', 'the', 'grand', 'canonical', 'ensemble', 'with', 'those', 'for', 'canonical', 'ensemble', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'baryon', 'density', 'is', 'held', 'fixed', '1']] | [-0.12937955327669348, 0.2519191374569603, -0.0762272240744361, 0.033818142814928384, 0.013496190062027395, -0.13115781976834057, 0.08224947843792313, 0.3240348169228106, -0.15232505354898299, -0.27723037649503374, 0.03421995730054983, -0.2936846393299854, -0.09340975546520057, 0.05946396440854223, 0.045264852073503746, 0.053135617071484016, -0.07806983224930257, 0.08669172060551254, -0.11148110156013506, -0.20358947707215455, 0.3449717848011711, 0.002714391711615319, 0.270106071932608, 0.0585054127374796, 0.08842759896949755, -0.026464526420532482, 0.004263421432591799, 0.06041357038711293, -0.16225313832323382, 0.0038345988077206875, 0.24353726671671305, 0.05367484067816023, 0.16858186643189332, -0.37038485346523325, -0.23400892754356692, 0.19711765297871875, 0.1091862179661595, 0.12110424027356546, -0.07646928977232251, -0.18829622263763482, 0.09128540973742785, -0.1534654499640263, -0.17343861567622829, -0.08511183859311103, 0.058944876393757936, -0.005287512673035733, -0.31655551557333805, 0.09785622365449144, -0.057639881667835034, 0.05056109352726636, 0.00828584176524887, -0.17182710781458796, -0.03820732946866962, 0.07948927832107375, 0.035888496187779555, 0.12331175376426458, 0.13513471820487047, -0.14385356053372655, -0.07699583741418255, 0.38059415531850704, -0.13750089426785267, -0.11961009758927925, 0.1765081787217907, -0.18002014688773477, -0.17005773646918337, 0.11557400046561764, 0.09473097297971643, 0.1116707407554069, -0.09360543621601317, 0.18172555351144026, -0.015121262768048822, 0.1786561859881608, 0.07117044367262815, 0.042542714276351035, 0.2475700732760542, 0.15721858677905287, 0.06206922176088698, 0.08277513886303238, -0.06301144190044619, -0.11280530459416194, -0.34847381605407385, -0.14014826153265678, -0.1883641131896907, 0.060649332311737726, -0.12331400592717448, -0.15487787451624402, 0.3304593735851171, 0.0953633951052554, 0.22838450817200612, 0.03271377419293895, 0.26120392905225553, 0.15336833569389863, 0.0615342920132744, 0.037632454047346206, 0.20662112207441613, 0.22546418726180248, 0.1253647427560439, -0.2890518099632422, -0.1069074383658159, 0.1020861667448904] |
709.1226 | On the implications of a dilaton in gauge theory | Some recent work on the implications of a dilaton in 4d gauge theories are
revisited. In part I of this paper we see how an effective dilaton coupling to
gauge kinetic term provides a simple attractive mechanism to generate
confinement. In particular, we put emphasis on the derivation of confining
analytical solutions and look into the problem how dilaton degrees of freedom
modify Coulom potential and when a confining phase occurs. In part II, we solve
the semi-relativistic wave equation, for Dick interquark potential using the
Shifted l-expansion technique (SLET) in the heavy quarkonium sector. The
results of this phenomenological analysis proves that these effective theories
can be relevant to model quark confinement and may shed some light on
confinement mechanism.
| hep-ph | some recent work on the implications of a dilaton in 4d gauge theories are revisited in part i of this paper we see how an effective dilaton coupling to gauge kinetic term provides a simple attractive mechanism to generate confinement in particular we put emphasis on the derivation of confining analytical solutions and look into the problem how dilaton degrees of freedom modify coulom potential and when a confining phase occurs in part ii we solve the semirelativistic wave equation for dick interquark potential using the shifted lexpansion technique slet in the heavy quarkonium sector the results of this phenomenological analysis proves that these effective theories can be relevant to model quark confinement and may shed some light on confinement mechanism | [['some', 'recent', 'work', 'on', 'the', 'implications', 'of', 'a', 'dilaton', 'in', '4d', 'gauge', 'theories', 'are', 'revisited', 'in', 'part', 'i', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'see', 'how', 'an', 'effective', 'dilaton', 'coupling', 'to', 'gauge', 'kinetic', 'term', 'provides', 'a', 'simple', 'attractive', 'mechanism', 'to', 'generate', 'confinement', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'put', 'emphasis', 'on', 'the', 'derivation', 'of', 'confining', 'analytical', 'solutions', 'and', 'look', 'into', 'the', 'problem', 'how', 'dilaton', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'modify', 'coulom', 'potential', 'and', 'when', 'a', 'confining', 'phase', 'occurs', 'in', 'part', 'ii', 'we', 'solve', 'the', 'semirelativistic', 'wave', 'equation', 'for', 'dick', 'interquark', 'potential', 'using', 'the', 'shifted', 'lexpansion', 'technique', 'slet', 'in', 'the', 'heavy', 'quarkonium', 'sector', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'this', 'phenomenological', 'analysis', 'proves', 'that', 'these', 'effective', 'theories', 'can', 'be', 'relevant', 'to', 'model', 'quark', 'confinement', 'and', 'may', 'shed', 'some', 'light', 'on', 'confinement', 'mechanism']] | [-0.125556693134532, 0.1674615284986843, -0.12847201677211442, 0.11180845838814911, -0.11754348340538182, -0.2025234077650146, 0.034166486575776915, 0.3358535983075364, -0.2074229716119834, -0.24694606986194223, 0.020828661805277048, -0.2555540956462882, -0.1759292202837327, 0.1125774394012518, -0.027770042990749123, 0.013113610736023979, 0.004160913157456813, 0.012192345787810177, -0.0475912101551139, -0.23845337404861672, 0.32623909474076596, 0.035345919923309016, 0.2254680127899374, 0.1833153375494881, 0.05425894914680168, 0.014702906424645334, -0.005047070676413905, -0.01299979941950751, -0.1308213601698008, 0.11117624867014869, 0.1515570424194839, 0.044506631059838195, 0.21414823129679225, -0.4463329886735863, -0.2529761832923542, 0.06763643173485243, 0.18414964465064412, 0.18672289025868063, -0.10981065151379484, -0.2614925794162545, 0.004605475891412807, -0.18478664199375555, -0.1964274444519503, -0.09706581671949194, 0.01927992238412697, -0.04577006569118513, -0.27472023355594577, 0.051980068298162374, 0.021115921948402495, 0.00991281307451114, -0.09023286806059484, -0.11726056620822985, 0.01175276520701141, 0.034669928565012886, 0.13018332650305844, 0.07333874928631953, 0.10558004906995833, -0.20666254233293033, -0.07248941309233549, 0.4233735076175267, -0.08477048009649671, -0.2354934909498366, 0.16242815666839855, -0.09697318414007039, -0.1459220641433504, 0.04558189407366665, 0.21650446643426763, 0.11207914872470648, -0.15293496399357262, 0.1700173778397798, 0.0036356593189935177, 0.12717180823155938, 0.05850981411469333, 0.0739894554433765, 0.2528887141550727, 0.15462288907298646, -0.016250518283673694, 0.14001990973014197, 0.0008333614272135897, -0.13279219188907443, -0.38551090510969027, -0.11147684208264168, -0.1123629713963185, 0.05343904331100991, -0.08838063602870382, -0.11545518979805858, 0.41187329970675857, 0.19258874432211193, 0.16496016242846595, -0.002719480888683255, 0.2404495348073855, 0.1250700289461793, 0.051778294935043774, 0.015359062278846732, 0.2990991815150825, 0.15267200332854977, 0.13592499183459567, -0.27397020155869173, -0.08123788207342864, 0.13059226381631583] |
709.1227 | Efficient Algorithms for Node Disjoint Subgraph Homeomorphism
Determination | Recently, great efforts have been dedicated to researches on the management
of large scale graph based data such as WWW, social networks, biological
networks. In the study of graph based data management, node disjoint subgraph
homeomorphism relation between graphs is more suitable than (sub)graph
isomorphism in many cases, especially in those cases that node skipping and
node mismatching are allowed. However, no efficient node disjoint subgraph
homeomorphism determination (ndSHD) algorithms have been available. In this
paper, we propose two computationally efficient ndSHD algorithms based on state
spaces searching with backtracking, which employ many heuristics to prune the
search spaces. Experimental results on synthetic data sets show that the
proposed algorithms are efficient, require relative little time in most of the
testing cases, can scale to large or dense graphs, and can accommodate to more
complex fuzzy matching cases.
| cs.DS cs.DB | recently great efforts have been dedicated to researches on the management of large scale graph based data such as www social networks biological networks in the study of graph based data management node disjoint subgraph homeomorphism relation between graphs is more suitable than subgraph isomorphism in many cases especially in those cases that node skipping and node mismatching are allowed however no efficient node disjoint subgraph homeomorphism determination ndshd algorithms have been available in this paper we propose two computationally efficient ndshd algorithms based on state spaces searching with backtracking which employ many heuristics to prune the search spaces experimental results on synthetic data sets show that the proposed algorithms are efficient require relative little time in most of the testing cases can scale to large or dense graphs and can accommodate to more complex fuzzy matching cases | [['recently', 'great', 'efforts', 'have', 'been', 'dedicated', 'to', 'researches', 'on', 'the', 'management', 'of', 'large', 'scale', 'graph', 'based', 'data', 'such', 'as', 'www', 'social', 'networks', 'biological', 'networks', 'in', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'graph', 'based', 'data', 'management', 'node', 'disjoint', 'subgraph', 'homeomorphism', 'relation', 'between', 'graphs', 'is', 'more', 'suitable', 'than', 'subgraph', 'isomorphism', 'in', 'many', 'cases', 'especially', 'in', 'those', 'cases', 'that', 'node', 'skipping', 'and', 'node', 'mismatching', 'are', 'allowed', 'however', 'no', 'efficient', 'node', 'disjoint', 'subgraph', 'homeomorphism', 'determination', 'ndshd', 'algorithms', 'have', 'been', 'available', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'propose', 'two', 'computationally', 'efficient', 'ndshd', 'algorithms', 'based', 'on', 'state', 'spaces', 'searching', 'with', 'backtracking', 'which', 'employ', 'many', 'heuristics', 'to', 'prune', 'the', 'search', 'spaces', 'experimental', 'results', 'on', 'synthetic', 'data', 'sets', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'proposed', 'algorithms', 'are', 'efficient', 'require', 'relative', 'little', 'time', 'in', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'testing', 'cases', 'can', 'scale', 'to', 'large', 'or', 'dense', 'graphs', 'and', 'can', 'accommodate', 'to', 'more', 'complex', 'fuzzy', 'matching', 'cases']] | [-0.11972453749502379, 0.042127694967134366, -0.025569550590315723, 0.09643107993692598, -0.16310811940039618, -0.1794853461033199, 0.06380337679857963, 0.47777088695917935, -0.24983094938472597, -0.35049553375403564, 0.1394285143148462, -0.29328290390891626, -0.16680597293580993, 0.18568417951396174, -0.10564012560815386, 0.11025750076634508, 0.16124977869056986, 0.03949358537519241, 7.184311064466943e-05, -0.25180596299940267, 0.30824864118510636, 0.02259857737740009, 0.3181126542211346, 0.06445980547612314, 0.041282417823608475, -0.022430747360511517, -0.07216636066818062, 0.04575500001497216, -0.10956570618113534, 0.13740980407387457, 0.348985239301863, 0.20252541494761211, 0.271722478511305, -0.4751838745946503, -0.20940451471559593, 0.25017750159809915, 0.16653300288325065, 0.0811946630702176, -0.04270099579405402, -0.26870652004692924, 0.11030446207630173, -0.11745088377638775, 0.0170550924305965, -0.14717788163654724, 0.06188255875467268, 0.015909593498423313, -0.24553403938326107, -0.021895210481221405, 0.017331346684841265, 0.06346078885390478, 0.03676523000638768, -0.13044945844996939, 0.001218043959370869, 0.12208174546214971, 0.0168017396782114, 0.05003771029741449, 0.10494793305748745, -0.11459671743453809, -0.21233656738802573, 0.3964785007102525, 0.031597319882006134, -0.1734985253355904, 0.21906815969802718, -0.06455168015728464, -0.2471405397484298, 0.11018547241110355, 0.20083551001324154, 0.14532439501764363, -0.17236202332081602, 0.07570677364899037, -0.047011497615398294, 0.1372332174077575, 0.08204583629198811, 0.02671426959825433, 0.11324583618518184, 0.21250143079498016, 0.14851063092133057, 0.12752215555519797, -0.046538758230299744, -0.09499975665975773, -0.17380684710395358, -0.07388006624601343, -0.2095030048957971, -0.041631439830833936, -0.15628515034961096, -0.17932900841183522, 0.3720706619651002, 0.1736639743492774, 0.19608536079827257, 0.06290687428126522, 0.3055557860814802, -0.004919809461331598, 0.1368561146219316, 0.15372691528104684, 0.16642497574588666, 0.05662394526023169, 0.058981237148948235, -0.11497378793009215, 0.10417611130020198, 0.0657989032813074] |
709.1228 | Koszul duality for Operads | This is a copy of the article by the same authors published in Duke Math. J.
(1994).
| math.AG math.QA | this is a copy of the article by the same authors published in duke math j 1994 | [['this', 'is', 'a', 'copy', 'of', 'the', 'article', 'by', 'the', 'same', 'authors', 'published', 'in', 'duke', 'math', 'j', '1994']] | [-0.06314419505789, 0.010431628235999276, -0.08734714148073074, -0.08007954082944814, -0.0982440767042777, 0.001487987910342567, 0.10826731560861363, 0.2549460587256095, -0.15484921174014316, -0.3554244674742222, 0.09735011064228327, -0.3054544960751253, -0.13495275860323624, 0.08104287153657745, -0.27569815116550994, -0.03683914375655791, 0.10127275702817475, -0.07576714653302641, 0.05419675852445995, -0.4011088940588867, 0.23453130770255537, 0.11874198453391299, 0.2552003073728616, 0.03884464924168937, 0.034274636315839255, 0.09972097834243494, -0.21244280193658435, -0.04450139173251741, -0.2247518348671934, 0.1877336878439083, 0.2864551134955357, 0.06578875672729577, 0.3173845300779623, -0.27646045616882686, -0.17131037078797817, 0.07957548954907585, 0.008339853409458609, 0.13615160545005517, 0.08196423849200501, -0.2996688894824782, 0.03284636857878307, -0.21827735039679444, -0.10938120296444087, 0.06322066332487498, 0.2350562762688188, 0.04619784138220198, -0.19627429397009752, 0.12040572366951142, 0.19216473082847454, 0.2104841392925557, 0.025870128918220017, -0.21865913488299532, -0.024470982771805105, 0.054831951062249785, -0.0070858761147760295, 0.18044228539528215, -0.04832289477481561, -0.032463321229442954, -0.19134068456204498, 0.3006482937318437, -0.06110571050906882, -0.08917218118029482, 0.24323840088704052, -0.10263615986332297, -0.21515816033763044, 0.05656548390877159, 0.10902156023418202, 0.08425617919248693, -0.2105322618256597, 0.2756078928599463, -0.2047241781016483, 0.08042452309061499, 0.25377567161751147, -0.1571297349736971, 0.020533458603655592, 0.002759784460067749, -0.05915139264920179, 0.11712003615684807, 0.03798453915206825, -0.0371824063031989, -0.3202125295339262, -0.2678665970178211, -0.2752055587137447, 0.11892695749616798, 0.159823669011102, -0.02684328332543373, 0.45104092271888957, 0.07112499008722165, 0.15680327156887336, -0.0537542646531673, 0.15057071561322494, 0.111908894360942, -0.0005270687534528621, 0.19777880737777143, 0.2212673618512995, 0.1378781398456982, 0.239723842810182, -0.09708583949352889, -0.03640041941338602, 0.1608124795534155] |
709.1229 | Outer Billiards on Kites | Outer billiards is a simple dynamical system based on a convex planar shape.
The Moser-Neumann question, first posed by B.H. Neumann around 1960, asks if
there exists a planar shape for which outer billiards has an unbounded orbit.
The first half of this monograph proves that outer billiards has an unbounded
orbit defined relative to any irrational kite. The second half of the monograph
gives a very sharp description of the set of unbounded orbits, both in terms of
the dynamics and the Hausdorff dimension. The analysis in both halves reveals a
close connection between outer billiards on kites and the modular group, as
well as connections to self-similar tilings, polytope exchange maps,
Diophantine approximation, and odometers.
| math.DS | outer billiards is a simple dynamical system based on a convex planar shape the moserneumann question first posed by bh neumann around 1960 asks if there exists a planar shape for which outer billiards has an unbounded orbit the first half of this monograph proves that outer billiards has an unbounded orbit defined relative to any irrational kite the second half of the monograph gives a very sharp description of the set of unbounded orbits both in terms of the dynamics and the hausdorff dimension the analysis in both halves reveals a close connection between outer billiards on kites and the modular group as well as connections to selfsimilar tilings polytope exchange maps diophantine approximation and odometers | [['outer', 'billiards', 'is', 'a', 'simple', 'dynamical', 'system', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'convex', 'planar', 'shape', 'the', 'moserneumann', 'question', 'first', 'posed', 'by', 'bh', 'neumann', 'around', '1960', 'asks', 'if', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'planar', 'shape', 'for', 'which', 'outer', 'billiards', 'has', 'an', 'unbounded', 'orbit', 'the', 'first', 'half', 'of', 'this', 'monograph', 'proves', 'that', 'outer', 'billiards', 'has', 'an', 'unbounded', 'orbit', 'defined', 'relative', 'to', 'any', 'irrational', 'kite', 'the', 'second', 'half', 'of', 'the', 'monograph', 'gives', 'a', 'very', 'sharp', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'unbounded', 'orbits', 'both', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'dynamics', 'and', 'the', 'hausdorff', 'dimension', 'the', 'analysis', 'in', 'both', 'halves', 'reveals', 'a', 'close', 'connection', 'between', 'outer', 'billiards', 'on', 'kites', 'and', 'the', 'modular', 'group', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'connections', 'to', 'selfsimilar', 'tilings', 'polytope', 'exchange', 'maps', 'diophantine', 'approximation', 'and', 'odometers']] | [-0.19127863825595906, 0.058495528978177204, -0.09297189905693562, 0.06008023617323488, -0.07737946725081138, -0.12214349822145244, 0.013338537758280491, 0.3028189763808141, -0.2815108647658329, -0.23192288527257163, 0.11703088519902065, -0.2962497253982543, -0.1530116251308535, 0.23656313302766147, -0.14482157907834084, 0.06479515424921531, 0.05596619826171483, 0.0629903253896467, -0.07493356149442944, -0.23030309935184679, 0.3379029752365474, -0.010322688761616832, 0.160572219495501, 0.0603362856385, 0.10947635402533643, 0.02771454067812462, 0.03243909970503943, 0.00904692792140975, -0.1977000426492129, 0.13252895066899986, 0.20243825538661972, 0.06577781767881444, 0.24552367770931974, -0.384701212450605, -0.13767741799980787, 0.11220711958193189, 0.16607780465133617, 0.010336460721285629, -0.041417987360859866, -0.28107565199024975, 0.03489436727049279, -0.13561460047414334, -0.19701987150845776, 0.02743798777750083, 0.11208026911581642, -0.0329574845201368, -0.19715262605439357, 0.028602207962680478, 0.19335706642200892, 0.10653906943806415, -0.08335536029109539, -0.04791625778708639, -0.03312241849850799, 0.14077423644505024, -0.012557368558943915, 0.05206608384996171, 0.07322954019965154, -0.004149692062818413, -0.13277204054536235, 0.3911847875590019, -0.031926235134898014, -0.21168195199349832, 0.18808377001249907, -0.22123053966587858, -0.08420863574178054, 0.13067622277243385, 0.13835467346783342, 0.09914492107606654, -0.09776557146587633, 0.1962597891994439, -0.15167306195181826, 0.1313562179466003, 0.1609312270784044, -0.03700747523569213, 0.20328484811209913, 0.09861378016448098, 0.17321354377179823, 0.18639216389796087, 0.002323395227371105, -0.1335892447206224, -0.2887665788875893, -0.09394513254439266, -0.17653696691810056, 0.04768315928381996, -0.10642002611222842, -0.2607520822724649, 0.3602836852700546, -0.0017711035927340131, 0.23897565698957648, 0.06931920740291765, 0.24897484008748694, 0.08396796437880076, 0.007686501192250128, 0.1381999181888612, 0.1913958899917659, 0.1953403470367354, 0.01689000892179922, -0.19210612276746641, 0.02347100969676956, 0.15530882402451646] |
709.123 | Exciton formation in graphene bilayer | Exciton instability in graphene bilayer systems is studied in the case of a
short-ranged Coulomb interaction and a finite voltage difference between the
layers. Self-consistent exciton gap equations are derived and solved
numerically and analytically under controlled approximation. We obtain that a
critical strength of the Coulomb interaction exists for the formation of
excitons. The critical strength depends on the amount of voltage difference
between the layers and on the inter-layer hopping parameter.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci | exciton instability in graphene bilayer systems is studied in the case of a shortranged coulomb interaction and a finite voltage difference between the layers selfconsistent exciton gap equations are derived and solved numerically and analytically under controlled approximation we obtain that a critical strength of the coulomb interaction exists for the formation of excitons the critical strength depends on the amount of voltage difference between the layers and on the interlayer hopping parameter | [['exciton', 'instability', 'in', 'graphene', 'bilayer', 'systems', 'is', 'studied', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'a', 'shortranged', 'coulomb', 'interaction', 'and', 'a', 'finite', 'voltage', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'layers', 'selfconsistent', 'exciton', 'gap', 'equations', 'are', 'derived', 'and', 'solved', 'numerically', 'and', 'analytically', 'under', 'controlled', 'approximation', 'we', 'obtain', 'that', 'a', 'critical', 'strength', 'of', 'the', 'coulomb', 'interaction', 'exists', 'for', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'excitons', 'the', 'critical', 'strength', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'amount', 'of', 'voltage', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'layers', 'and', 'on', 'the', 'interlayer', 'hopping', 'parameter']] | [-0.2286169118413778, 0.17224837839762897, -0.007113913967184825, 0.07797126127056114, 0.04039776869985747, -0.15079223852579113, 0.10387571531105531, 0.38600932025950246, -0.28062972747912146, -0.2764647169140716, -0.06500043001421409, -0.2719913783135556, -0.13738071195117824, 0.17825110581996914, 0.09767744135213634, -0.020017938930796435, 0.021579160878103073, -0.04806137985664688, -0.09519057631275732, -0.2090281534888973, 0.33820538343989276, -0.027576911409883057, 0.30173234029175483, 0.18874660602129664, 0.06874388816115791, 0.016670222751387995, 0.12837000272861898, 0.01830443560005459, -0.19586629957992868, 0.047530406741552976, 0.20320619824055378, -0.14501777864125084, 0.2673711792425546, -0.43934018570572547, -0.1780159211628241, 0.04452897845576071, 0.18473867757552087, 0.1340963547054219, -0.06309304607406974, -0.25422571597250865, 0.027811561073240353, -0.15771402354824215, -0.06754637112815494, -0.018129714981537974, 0.06387672161249673, 0.06847722662855195, -0.3151051722122484, 0.14947258522542678, 0.002367396532774788, 0.059621146937500535, -0.12492781555063207, -0.06235157101883949, -0.0800244344832146, 0.11511294163639134, 0.03373098840524581, 0.0029035286518604786, 0.15996655842850674, -0.17481317156798218, -0.025051711624717875, 0.3422143628233916, -0.06970261076899016, -0.19609624499531642, 0.17558061290366497, -0.10780028609737549, 0.028821901099322592, 0.10856014186490888, 0.11390067480045231, 0.10692828623195218, -0.10982690338198453, 0.1292500995475901, 0.00344559409949061, 0.2033994041912717, 0.07450050023090962, 0.0237913369583859, 0.1897869332859369, 0.18940067668891933, 0.08161593202424988, 0.15982910151248925, -0.09405889509928297, -0.14698187675173968, -0.2532837469998288, -0.10017071700055305, -0.23178987881194238, 0.03681416079810221, -0.09947868023778962, -0.20461199814708877, 0.4268935262903329, 0.13493403593677875, 0.16225419214556683, -0.01596275750509374, 0.23850482402924347, 0.2139126000900383, 0.055562952667321655, -0.001107494480754823, 0.32432746019673675, 0.2035476981139142, 0.0960461225437179, -0.3455758351284041, 0.0732153717249836, 0.09213776969070202] |
709.1231 | Connexions with totally skew-symmetric torsion and nearly-Kaehler
geometry | We study almost Hermitian structures admitting a Hermitian connexion with
totally skew-symmetric torsion or equivalently, those almost Hermitian
structures with totally skew-symmetric Nijenhuis tensor. We investigate up to
what extent the Nijenhuis tensor fails to be parallel with respect to the
characteristic connexion. This is naturally described by means of an extension
of the notion of Killing form to almost Hermitian geometry. In this context, we
also make an essentially self-contained survey of nearly-Kaehler geometry, but
from the perspective of non-integrable holonomy systems.
| math.DG | we study almost hermitian structures admitting a hermitian connexion with totally skewsymmetric torsion or equivalently those almost hermitian structures with totally skewsymmetric nijenhuis tensor we investigate up to what extent the nijenhuis tensor fails to be parallel with respect to the characteristic connexion this is naturally described by means of an extension of the notion of killing form to almost hermitian geometry in this context we also make an essentially selfcontained survey of nearlykaehler geometry but from the perspective of nonintegrable holonomy systems | [['we', 'study', 'almost', 'hermitian', 'structures', 'admitting', 'a', 'hermitian', 'connexion', 'with', 'totally', 'skewsymmetric', 'torsion', 'or', 'equivalently', 'those', 'almost', 'hermitian', 'structures', 'with', 'totally', 'skewsymmetric', 'nijenhuis', 'tensor', 'we', 'investigate', 'up', 'to', 'what', 'extent', 'the', 'nijenhuis', 'tensor', 'fails', 'to', 'be', 'parallel', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'characteristic', 'connexion', 'this', 'is', 'naturally', 'described', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'killing', 'form', 'to', 'almost', 'hermitian', 'geometry', 'in', 'this', 'context', 'we', 'also', 'make', 'an', 'essentially', 'selfcontained', 'survey', 'of', 'nearlykaehler', 'geometry', 'but', 'from', 'the', 'perspective', 'of', 'nonintegrable', 'holonomy', 'systems']] | [-0.19757621720081184, 0.10458305650089127, -0.05493446210601244, 0.061429521241449715, -0.1710450672825058, -0.1368965960825872, -0.11059285040540867, 0.38590923547800854, -0.332499990009714, -0.19918957262661824, 0.07692693556337729, -0.24641495442623834, -0.23341373055443976, 0.10897895464595093, -0.08812143398639578, -0.0468479996681752, 0.03710449660612068, 0.10668265843113144, -0.1666588342625154, -0.28253691176693124, 0.470061641859721, 0.08556839000119502, 0.2065520257273891, 0.014176589575685919, 0.09949818061642259, -0.0030764885560934803, -0.03529565433511533, 0.007059504889535257, -0.11548709964200136, 0.10255542616303785, 0.27995017766167063, 0.0810118424481746, 0.13312476469450688, -0.3832031803890075, -0.11686764451175793, 0.20038507300911537, 0.114627626185945, 0.03395872671965016, 0.03823146595849644, -0.30865339299731226, 0.09244405194494244, -0.1679604673668383, -0.21074020382892117, -0.10520111153979438, 0.010946877947335232, -0.069199485067525, -0.16409467515558093, 0.04296035559094758, 0.14371259406725145, 0.11320202997941749, -0.08575615530036929, -0.08847198428246697, -0.0007057247531925699, 0.029966895314247673, 0.022222285041114294, -0.00855428449731006, 0.06039579865152398, -0.043557271131325556, -0.11534472560532481, 0.3740674615444907, -0.08587749869876866, -0.2982637681605586, 0.1172395672155432, -0.10247780365241041, -0.09988349013546684, 0.10608690110994615, 0.11816358107355344, 0.12017183689013437, -0.12828047649867563, 0.16564842180009856, -0.08333444471908621, 0.07145773671028843, 0.11444118741271367, -0.0012458280312368669, 0.19592424751405257, 0.04795024660696466, 0.10951116798706464, 0.14436432767339635, 0.10417028431253261, -0.1669580475763833, -0.32246050442827034, -0.18617901112884283, -0.0968740379286324, 0.24663172158446298, -0.0896837146411347, -0.2582331095564078, 0.3696979915762477, 0.057059439718274464, 0.2012217129589092, 0.0931817413762167, 0.21451736448040928, 0.023420832276972663, 0.09034635840230677, 0.09318639384021601, 0.17798666516318917, 0.32003722135931345, 0.05918058160838323, -0.11608144990168512, -0.047482350790671195, 0.08573064170441175] |
709.1232 | Functional determinants for general self-adjoint extensions of
Laplace-type operators resulting from the generalized cone | In this article we consider the zeta regularized determinant of Laplace-type
operators on the generalized cone. For {\it arbitrary} self-adjoint extensions
of a matrix of singular ordinary differential operators modelled on the
generalized cone, a closed expression for the determinant is given. The result
involves a determinant of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space,
the endomorphism encoding the self-adjoint extension chosen. For particular
examples, like the Friedrich's extension, the answer is easily extracted from
the general result. In combination with \cite{BKD}, a closed expression for the
determinant of an arbitrary self-adjoint extension of the full Laplace-type
operator on the generalized cone can be obtained.
| math-ph hep-th math.MP | in this article we consider the zeta regularized determinant of laplacetype operators on the generalized cone for it arbitrary selfadjoint extensions of a matrix of singular ordinary differential operators modelled on the generalized cone a closed expression for the determinant is given the result involves a determinant of an endomorphism of a finitedimensional vector space the endomorphism encoding the selfadjoint extension chosen for particular examples like the friedrichs extension the answer is easily extracted from the general result in combination with citebkd a closed expression for the determinant of an arbitrary selfadjoint extension of the full laplacetype operator on the generalized cone can be obtained | [['in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'zeta', 'regularized', 'determinant', 'of', 'laplacetype', 'operators', 'on', 'the', 'generalized', 'cone', 'for', 'it', 'arbitrary', 'selfadjoint', 'extensions', 'of', 'a', 'matrix', 'of', 'singular', 'ordinary', 'differential', 'operators', 'modelled', 'on', 'the', 'generalized', 'cone', 'a', 'closed', 'expression', 'for', 'the', 'determinant', 'is', 'given', 'the', 'result', 'involves', 'a', 'determinant', 'of', 'an', 'endomorphism', 'of', 'a', 'finitedimensional', 'vector', 'space', 'the', 'endomorphism', 'encoding', 'the', 'selfadjoint', 'extension', 'chosen', 'for', 'particular', 'examples', 'like', 'the', 'friedrichs', 'extension', 'the', 'answer', 'is', 'easily', 'extracted', 'from', 'the', 'general', 'result', 'in', 'combination', 'with', 'citebkd', 'a', 'closed', 'expression', 'for', 'the', 'determinant', 'of', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'selfadjoint', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'full', 'laplacetype', 'operator', 'on', 'the', 'generalized', 'cone', 'can', 'be', 'obtained']] | [-0.14581802538920713, 0.04084815174736342, -0.050466449530526564, 0.11272238199084174, -0.11709983688510525, -0.13240037161337498, -0.038689302056669615, 0.28349007150301564, -0.3183746139805477, -0.16372315052789277, 0.11986028589084387, -0.2763723653848641, -0.19614764175136, 0.19818452652543783, -0.07255313135996963, 0.05716160778963687, 0.0641255732670498, 0.14447322734989798, -0.15737932632999638, -0.18513713336701934, 0.451447007801527, -0.006317581644487711, 0.16579973253493124, 0.06159473920258908, 0.14936766892564124, 0.0809186105705941, -0.03100779852292572, -0.007335683765492062, -0.09299815015849443, 0.1396619025102924, 0.25846429609765226, 0.10713077097002846, 0.21022699198399025, -0.3714020075366044, -0.18166478400011188, 0.16914873900644195, 0.12171349136714035, 0.024069773552652735, -0.0009602616852274737, -0.29786758226020116, 0.04963841490993778, -0.19879271045255548, -0.21898537096925652, -0.0683338491698333, 0.008524557196114283, -0.04233434647679902, -0.33909979084721553, 0.02909132680640771, 0.08826676731965002, 0.08344993282718441, -0.08677526557137473, -0.13128556647727516, 0.008418417652137578, 0.02307984771547266, -0.03903631336142483, 0.010188753398744246, 0.07519487386049989, -0.027492251132991023, -0.08729945147150339, 0.32746402071475483, -0.13505195467195547, -0.3236085598786863, 0.04257071444478173, -0.12339002745172295, -0.095148275709317, 0.09859686237849438, 0.11851333430072722, 0.21111115765122052, -0.11156877370264667, 0.21964115359542818, -0.14320370234781876, 0.05105292783656086, 0.07034078442778152, -0.011064295143744228, 0.13217416656418488, 0.05250436015418158, 0.08757079333120671, 0.16167294199000865, 0.05560154174767936, -0.11313901332099564, -0.38902806980499566, -0.2125369462166698, -0.18143047215954328, 0.12144172971602529, -0.1430230927116309, -0.22690729315106112, 0.4415136603772855, 0.0644305618882824, 0.2161636903273085, 0.10397031978489114, 0.24775006125967663, 0.2173097904664106, 0.08738659273009174, 0.01882898904155949, 0.11075863498263061, 0.21353162057661954, 0.04008560030846498, -0.2000999797903485, 0.011158887220797343, 0.22084371319327217] |
709.1233 | Confinement and the second vortex of the SU(4) gauge group | We study the potential between static SU(4) sources using the Model of Thick
Center Vortices. Such vortices are characterized by the center elements
$z_1=\mathrm i$ and $z_2=z_1^2$. Fitting the ratios of string tensions to those
obtained in Monte-Carlo calculations of lattice QCD we get $f_2>f_1^2$, where
$f_n$ is the probability that a vortex of type $n$ is piercing a plaquette.
Because of $z_2=z_1^2$ vortices of type two are overlapping vortices of type
one. Therefore, $f_2>f_1^2$ corresponds to the existence of an attractive force
between vortices of type one.
| hep-ph | we study the potential between static su4 sources using the model of thick center vortices such vortices are characterized by the center elements z_1mathrm i and z_2z_12 fitting the ratios of string tensions to those obtained in montecarlo calculations of lattice qcd we get f_2f_12 where f_n is the probability that a vortex of type n is piercing a plaquette because of z_2z_12 vortices of type two are overlapping vortices of type one therefore f_2f_12 corresponds to the existence of an attractive force between vortices of type one | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'potential', 'between', 'static', 'su4', 'sources', 'using', 'the', 'model', 'of', 'thick', 'center', 'vortices', 'such', 'vortices', 'are', 'characterized', 'by', 'the', 'center', 'elements', 'z_1mathrm', 'i', 'and', 'z_2z_12', 'fitting', 'the', 'ratios', 'of', 'string', 'tensions', 'to', 'those', 'obtained', 'in', 'montecarlo', 'calculations', 'of', 'lattice', 'qcd', 'we', 'get', 'f_2f_12', 'where', 'f_n', 'is', 'the', 'probability', 'that', 'a', 'vortex', 'of', 'type', 'n', 'is', 'piercing', 'a', 'plaquette', 'because', 'of', 'z_2z_12', 'vortices', 'of', 'type', 'two', 'are', 'overlapping', 'vortices', 'of', 'type', 'one', 'therefore', 'f_2f_12', 'corresponds', 'to', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'an', 'attractive', 'force', 'between', 'vortices', 'of', 'type', 'one']] | [-0.17797982469425502, 0.16409680113937644, -0.050091019865260066, 0.06089201714585434, -0.021076428378561895, -0.11901846364791314, 0.0535311000730214, 0.3619496892150267, -0.23040474549564252, -0.2472115943477635, 0.06756351445380777, -0.30702506661056034, -0.05629399651942034, 0.138895197951197, 0.018126944085605532, -0.035006570481100535, -0.0052627263792667045, 0.042600717507751594, -0.05423718450607799, -0.21028429692813072, 0.3544748922899725, -0.03642378684907523, 0.26200691868091025, 0.009232721022184354, 0.03156144590487322, -0.04720816754522812, -0.005332090044730758, 0.047170104206461144, -0.1439561026192064, 0.11552256033811943, 0.17185549925822002, 0.00140800415145525, 0.1708018733469029, -0.4532525377370507, -0.1573748275166355, 0.1408646153398307, 0.18918056446632528, 0.13158345012785305, -0.03661656953080232, -0.2515042976038643, 0.09753813286008964, -0.14814344169684204, -0.19260988815923233, -0.014404804726322013, 0.04697255390774773, 0.09464947311263756, -0.27115694463185697, 0.08306292871978269, 0.03246797749166747, 0.05132107722426762, -0.06396354881889489, -0.10129106953089316, -0.05367158850408103, 0.09864457144615162, 0.07679599231103412, 0.040756291712645484, 0.10741412515628589, -0.18680387003212628, -0.14354241944019155, 0.3926044652793916, -0.027503891040133423, -0.162912835740114, 0.16020504958052412, -0.10618310124355268, -0.08922179896070297, 0.15537447522461684, 0.09067930137115833, 0.1003435073442847, -0.08024536192147846, 0.06933367836600483, -0.07739920957373028, 0.14951006326465363, 0.08115489981754358, 0.015966369271143734, 0.28259797209133225, 0.1710904478824821, 0.028702663594340705, 0.13077876325247875, -0.1490562425095992, -0.14152061790003476, -0.3468626956848136, -0.12120328576259136, -0.2071843340106488, 0.06893723567804681, -0.08140408003640344, -0.18451183442382635, 0.34104551379400566, 0.09241032558325005, 0.20685370830806388, -0.02931867640869445, 0.21123032283082785, 0.08495961557176099, 0.07717115988573396, 0.036698929716535586, 0.22469322014942272, 0.15002927193362042, 0.03736366641270109, -0.25935297815061836, -0.06547058127674622, 0.1521367114822728] |
709.1234 | A constrained-transport magnetohydrodynamics algorithm with
near-spectral resolution | Numerical simulations including magnetic fields have become important in many
fields of astrophysics. Evolution of magnetic fields by the constrained
transport algorithm preserves magnetic divergence to machine precision, and
thus represents one preferred method for the inclusion of magnetic fields in
simulations. We show that constrained transport can be implemented with
volume-centered fields and hyperresistivity on a high-order finite difference
stencil. Additionally, the finite-difference coefficients can be tuned to
enhance high-wavenumber resolution. Similar techniques can be used for the
interpolations required for dealiasing corrections at high wavenumber.
Together, these measures yield an algorithm with a wavenumber resolution that
approaches the theoretical maximum achieved by spectral algorithms. Because
this algorithm uses finite differences instead of fast Fourier transforms, it
runs faster and isn't restricted to periodic boundary conditions. Also, since
the finite differences are spatially local, this algorithm is easily scalable
to thousands of processors. We demonstrate that, for low-Mach-number
turbulence, the results agree well with a high-order, non-constrained-transport
scheme with Poisson divergence cleaning.
| astro-ph | numerical simulations including magnetic fields have become important in many fields of astrophysics evolution of magnetic fields by the constrained transport algorithm preserves magnetic divergence to machine precision and thus represents one preferred method for the inclusion of magnetic fields in simulations we show that constrained transport can be implemented with volumecentered fields and hyperresistivity on a highorder finite difference stencil additionally the finitedifference coefficients can be tuned to enhance highwavenumber resolution similar techniques can be used for the interpolations required for dealiasing corrections at high wavenumber together these measures yield an algorithm with a wavenumber resolution that approaches the theoretical maximum achieved by spectral algorithms because this algorithm uses finite differences instead of fast fourier transforms it runs faster and isnt restricted to periodic boundary conditions also since the finite differences are spatially local this algorithm is easily scalable to thousands of processors we demonstrate that for lowmachnumber turbulence the results agree well with a highorder nonconstrainedtransport scheme with poisson divergence cleaning | [['numerical', 'simulations', 'including', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'have', 'become', 'important', 'in', 'many', 'fields', 'of', 'astrophysics', 'evolution', 'of', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'by', 'the', 'constrained', 'transport', 'algorithm', 'preserves', 'magnetic', 'divergence', 'to', 'machine', 'precision', 'and', 'thus', 'represents', 'one', 'preferred', 'method', 'for', 'the', 'inclusion', 'of', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'in', 'simulations', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'constrained', 'transport', 'can', 'be', 'implemented', 'with', 'volumecentered', 'fields', 'and', 'hyperresistivity', 'on', 'a', 'highorder', 'finite', 'difference', 'stencil', 'additionally', 'the', 'finitedifference', 'coefficients', 'can', 'be', 'tuned', 'to', 'enhance', 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