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709.4435
Invariants of differential equations defined by vector fields
We determine the most general group of equivalence transformations for a family of differential equations defined by an arbitrary vector field on a manifold. We also find all invariants and differential invariants for this group up to the second order. A result on the characterization of classes of these equations by the invariant functions is also given.
math-ph math.DG math.MP
we determine the most general group of equivalence transformations for a family of differential equations defined by an arbitrary vector field on a manifold we also find all invariants and differential invariants for this group up to the second order a result on the characterization of classes of these equations by the invariant functions is also given
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709.4436
The Amplitude Mode in the Quantum Phase Model
We derive the collective low energy excitations of the quantum phase model of interacting lattice bosons within the superfluid state using a dynamical variational approach. We recover the well known sound (or Goldstone) mode and derive a gapped (Higgs type) mode that was overlooked in previous studies of the quantum phase model. This mode is relevant to ultracold atoms in a strong optical lattice potential. We predict the signature of the gapped mode in lattice modulation experiments and show how it evolves with increasing interaction strength.
cond-mat.other
we derive the collective low energy excitations of the quantum phase model of interacting lattice bosons within the superfluid state using a dynamical variational approach we recover the well known sound or goldstone mode and derive a gapped higgs type mode that was overlooked in previous studies of the quantum phase model this mode is relevant to ultracold atoms in a strong optical lattice potential we predict the signature of the gapped mode in lattice modulation experiments and show how it evolves with increasing interaction strength
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709.4437
Pressure Raman effects and internal stress in network glasses
Raman scattering from binary GexSe1-x glasses under hydrostatic pressure shows onset of a steady increase in the frequency of modes of corner-sharing GeSe4 tetrahedral units when the external pressure P exceeds a threshold value Pc. The threshold pressure Pc(x) decreases with x in the 0.15 < x < 0.20 range, nearly vanishes in the 0.20 < x < 0.25 range, and then increases in the 0.25 < x < 1/3 range. These Pc(x) trends closely track those in the non-reversing enthalpy, DHnr(x), near glass transitions (Tgs), and in particular, both DHnr(x) and Pc(x) vanish in the reversibility window (0.20 < x < 0.25). It is suggested that Pc provides a measure of stress at the Raman active units; and its vanishing in the reversibility window suggests that these units are part of an isostatically rigid backbone. Isostaticity also accounts for the non-aging behavior of glasses observed in the reversibility window.
cond-mat.soft
raman scattering from binary gexse1x glasses under hydrostatic pressure shows onset of a steady increase in the frequency of modes of cornersharing gese4 tetrahedral units when the external pressure p exceeds a threshold value pc the threshold pressure pcx decreases with x in the 015 x 020 range nearly vanishes in the 020 x 025 range and then increases in the 025 x 13 range these pcx trends closely track those in the nonreversing enthalpy dhnrx near glass transitions tgs and in particular both dhnrx and pcx vanish in the reversibility window 020 x 025 it is suggested that pc provides a measure of stress at the raman active units and its vanishing in the reversibility window suggests that these units are part of an isostatically rigid backbone isostaticity also accounts for the nonaging behavior of glasses observed in the reversibility window
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709.4438
The VERITAS Trigger System
The VERITAS gamma-ray observatory, situated in southern Arizona, is an array of four 12m diameter imaging Cherenkov telescopes, each with a 499-pixel photomultiplier-tube camera. The instrument is designed to detect astrophysical gamma rays at energies above 100 GeV. At the low end of the VERITAS energy range, fluctuations in the night sky background light and single muons from cosmic-ray showers constitute significant backgrounds. VERITAS employs a three-tier trigger system to reduce the rate of these background events: an initial trigger which acts at the single pixel level, a pattern trigger which acts on the relative timing and pixel level, a pattern trigger which acts on the relative timing and distribution of pixel-level triggers within a single telescope camera, and an array-level trigger which requires simultaneous observation of an air-shower event in multiple telescopes. This final coincidence requirement significantly reduces the rate of background events, particularly those due to single muons. In this paper, the implementation of all levels of the VERITAS trigger system is discussed and their joint performance is characterized.
astro-ph
the veritas gammaray observatory situated in southern arizona is an array of four 12m diameter imaging cherenkov telescopes each with a 499pixel photomultipliertube camera the instrument is designed to detect astrophysical gamma rays at energies above 100 gev at the low end of the veritas energy range fluctuations in the night sky background light and single muons from cosmicray showers constitute significant backgrounds veritas employs a threetier trigger system to reduce the rate of these background events an initial trigger which acts at the single pixel level a pattern trigger which acts on the relative timing and pixel level a pattern trigger which acts on the relative timing and distribution of pixellevel triggers within a single telescope camera and an arraylevel trigger which requires simultaneous observation of an airshower event in multiple telescopes this final coincidence requirement significantly reduces the rate of background events particularly those due to single muons in this paper the implementation of all levels of the veritas trigger system is discussed and their joint performance is characterized
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709.4439
Nonequilibrium Free Energy-Like Functional for the KPZ Equation
Opposing to a (common) belief against the existence of a thermodynamic-like potential for the KPZ equation, here we present a derivation for such a functional. With its knowledge we prove some global shift invariance properties previously conjectured by other authors. The procedure could be extended in order to derive a more general form of such a functional leading to other known related nonlinear kinetic equations. Exploiting the KPZ's functional, and for arbitrary dimension, we have obtained the exact form of the stationary probability distribution function and have shown a couple of examples of how it is possible to exploit it in order to obtain relevant results like finding support to the conjecture that in the strong coupling regime a critical dimension doesn't exists.
nlin.PS
opposing to a common belief against the existence of a thermodynamiclike potential for the kpz equation here we present a derivation for such a functional with its knowledge we prove some global shift invariance properties previously conjectured by other authors the procedure could be extended in order to derive a more general form of such a functional leading to other known related nonlinear kinetic equations exploiting the kpzs functional and for arbitrary dimension we have obtained the exact form of the stationary probability distribution function and have shown a couple of examples of how it is possible to exploit it in order to obtain relevant results like finding support to the conjecture that in the strong coupling regime a critical dimension doesnt exists
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709.444
A clean, bright, and versatile source of neutron decay products
We present a case study on a new type of cold neutron beam station for the investigation of angular correlations in the beta-decay of free neutrons. With this beam station, called PERC, the 'active decay volume' lies inside the neutron guide, and the charged neutron decay products are magnetically guided towards the end of the neutron guide. Hence, the guide delivers at its exit a beam of decay electrons and protons, under well-defined and precisely variable conditions, which can be well separated from the cold neutron beam. In this way a general-purpose source of neutron decay products is obtained which can be used for various different experiments in neutron decay correlation spectroscopy. A gain in phase space density of several orders of magnitude can be achieved with PERC, as compared to existing neutron decay spectrometers. Neutron beam related background is separately measurable in PERC, and magnetic mirror effects on the charged neutron decay products and edge effects in the active neutron beam volume are both strongly suppressed. Therefore the spectra and angular distributions of the emerging decay particles will be distortion-free on the level of 10^-4, more than 10 times better than achieved today.
nucl-ex
we present a case study on a new type of cold neutron beam station for the investigation of angular correlations in the betadecay of free neutrons with this beam station called perc the active decay volume lies inside the neutron guide and the charged neutron decay products are magnetically guided towards the end of the neutron guide hence the guide delivers at its exit a beam of decay electrons and protons under welldefined and precisely variable conditions which can be well separated from the cold neutron beam in this way a generalpurpose source of neutron decay products is obtained which can be used for various different experiments in neutron decay correlation spectroscopy a gain in phase space density of several orders of magnitude can be achieved with perc as compared to existing neutron decay spectrometers neutron beam related background is separately measurable in perc and magnetic mirror effects on the charged neutron decay products and edge effects in the active neutron beam volume are both strongly suppressed therefore the spectra and angular distributions of the emerging decay particles will be distortionfree on the level of 104 more than 10 times better than achieved today
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709.4441
Raman scattering as a probe of intermediate phases in glassy networks
Bulk glass formation occurs over a very small part of phase space, and "good" glasses (which form even at low quench rates ~ 10K/sec) select an even smaller part of that accessible phase space. An axiomatic theory provides the physical basis of glass formation, and identifies these sweet spots of glass formation with existence of rigid but stress-free networks for which experimental evidence is rapidly emerging. Recently, theory and experiment have come together to show that these sweet spots of glass formation occur over a range of chemical compositions identified as Intermediate Phases. These ranges appear to be controlled by elements of local and medium range molecular structures that form isostatically rigid networks. Intermediate Phase glasses possess non-hysteretic glass transitions (Tgs) that do not age much. Raman scattering has played a pivotal role in elucidating molecular structure of glasses in general, and in identifying domains of Intermediate Phases. Experiments reveal these phases to possess sharp phase boundaries and to be characterized by an optical elasticity that varies with network mean coordination number, r, as power-law. In this review, we provide examples in chalcogenide and oxide glass systems where these phases along with optical elasticity power-laws have been established. Intermediate Phase glasses represent self-organized nanostructured functional materials optimized by nature.
cond-mat.soft
bulk glass formation occurs over a very small part of phase space and good glasses which form even at low quench rates 10ksec select an even smaller part of that accessible phase space an axiomatic theory provides the physical basis of glass formation and identifies these sweet spots of glass formation with existence of rigid but stressfree networks for which experimental evidence is rapidly emerging recently theory and experiment have come together to show that these sweet spots of glass formation occur over a range of chemical compositions identified as intermediate phases these ranges appear to be controlled by elements of local and medium range molecular structures that form isostatically rigid networks intermediate phase glasses possess nonhysteretic glass transitions tgs that do not age much raman scattering has played a pivotal role in elucidating molecular structure of glasses in general and in identifying domains of intermediate phases experiments reveal these phases to possess sharp phase boundaries and to be characterized by an optical elasticity that varies with network mean coordination number r as powerlaw in this review we provide examples in chalcogenide and oxide glass systems where these phases along with optical elasticity powerlaws have been established intermediate phase glasses represent selforganized nanostructured functional materials optimized by nature
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709.4442
Aging, Fragility and Reversibility Window in Bulk Alloy Glasses
Non-reversing relaxation enthalpies (DHnr) at glass transitions Tg(x) in the PxGexSe1-2x ternary display wide, sharp and deep global minima (~ 0) in the 0.09 < x < 0.145 range, within which Tgs become thermally reversing. In this reversibility window, glasses are found not to age, in contrast to aging observed for fragile glass compositions outside the window. Thermal reversibility and lack of aging seem to be paradigms of self-organization which molecular glasses share with protein structures which repetitively and reversibly change conformation near Tg and the folding temperature respectively.
cond-mat.soft
nonreversing relaxation enthalpies dhnr at glass transitions tgx in the pxgexse12x ternary display wide sharp and deep global minima 0 in the 009 x 0145 range within which tgs become thermally reversing in this reversibility window glasses are found not to age in contrast to aging observed for fragile glass compositions outside the window thermal reversibility and lack of aging seem to be paradigms of selforganization which molecular glasses share with protein structures which repetitively and reversibly change conformation near tg and the folding temperature respectively
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709.4443
Predictions of the causal entropic principle for environmental conditions of the universe
The causal entropic principle has been proposed as a superior alternative to the anthropic principle for understanding the magnitude of the cosmological constant. In this approach, the probability to create observers is assumed to be proportional to the entropy production \Delta S in a maximal causally connected region -- the causal diamond. We improve on the original treatment by better quantifying the entropy production due to stars, using an analytic model for the star formation history which accurately accounts for changes in cosmological parameters. We calculate the dependence of \Delta S on the density contrast Q=\delta\rho/\rho, and find that our universe is much closer to the most probable value of Q than in the usual anthropic approach and that probabilities are relatively weakly dependent on this amplitude. In addition, we make first estimates of the dependence of \Delta S on the baryon fraction and overall matter abundance. Finally, we also explore the possibility that decays of dark matter, suggested by various observed gamma ray excesses, might produce a comparable amount of entropy to stars.
hep-th astro-ph hep-ph
the causal entropic principle has been proposed as a superior alternative to the anthropic principle for understanding the magnitude of the cosmological constant in this approach the probability to create observers is assumed to be proportional to the entropy production delta s in a maximal causally connected region the causal diamond we improve on the original treatment by better quantifying the entropy production due to stars using an analytic model for the star formation history which accurately accounts for changes in cosmological parameters we calculate the dependence of delta s on the density contrast qdeltarhorho and find that our universe is much closer to the most probable value of q than in the usual anthropic approach and that probabilities are relatively weakly dependent on this amplitude in addition we make first estimates of the dependence of delta s on the baryon fraction and overall matter abundance finally we also explore the possibility that decays of dark matter suggested by various observed gamma ray excesses might produce a comparable amount of entropy to stars
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709.4444
Hydrogen like classification for light nonstrange mesons
The recent experimental results on the spectrum of highly excited light nonstrange mesons are known to reveal a high degree of degeneracy among different groups of states. We revise some suggestions about the nature of the phenomenon and put the relevant ideas into the final shape. The full group of approximate mass degeneracies is argued to be $SU(2)_f\times I\times O(4)$, where $I$ is the degeneracy of isosinglets and isotriplets and O(4) is the degeneracy group of the relativistic hydrogen atom. We discuss the dynamical origin and consequences of considered symmetry with a special emphasis on distinctions of this symmetry from the so-called chiral symmetry restoration scenario.
hep-ph
the recent experimental results on the spectrum of highly excited light nonstrange mesons are known to reveal a high degree of degeneracy among different groups of states we revise some suggestions about the nature of the phenomenon and put the relevant ideas into the final shape the full group of approximate mass degeneracies is argued to be su2_ftimes itimes o4 where i is the degeneracy of isosinglets and isotriplets and o4 is the degeneracy group of the relativistic hydrogen atom we discuss the dynamical origin and consequences of considered symmetry with a special emphasis on distinctions of this symmetry from the socalled chiral symmetry restoration scenario
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709.4445
Variation of the bonding interactions and magnetism in GdAuX (X = Mg, Cd, and In)
Results of first-principles electronic structure calculations for the isotypic compounds GdAuX (ZrNiAl type, X = Mg, Cd, and In) are presented. We report on a systematic examination of the electronic structure and nature of the bonding in these intermetallics. Our calculations indicate a metallic state for all of the compounds. We find that the indium in GdAuIn and magnesium in GdAuMg have significant bonding interactions with Au. We have also identified In s lone pair in GdAuIn has more localized behaviour as compared with Mg s in GdAuMg. The magnetic properties are well described within the local density approximation.
physics.comp-ph
results of firstprinciples electronic structure calculations for the isotypic compounds gdaux zrnial type x mg cd and in are presented we report on a systematic examination of the electronic structure and nature of the bonding in these intermetallics our calculations indicate a metallic state for all of the compounds we find that the indium in gdauin and magnesium in gdaumg have significant bonding interactions with au we have also identified in s lone pair in gdauin has more localized behaviour as compared with mg s in gdaumg the magnetic properties are well described within the local density approximation
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709.4446
Supersymmetric Gauge Theories, Intersecting Branes and Free Fermions
We show that various holomorphic quantities in supersymmetric gauge theories can be conveniently computed by configurations of D4-branes and D6-branes. These D-branes intersect along a Riemann surface that is described by a holomorphic curve in a complex surface. The resulting I-brane carries two-dimensional chiral fermions on its world-volume. This system can be mapped directly to the topological string on a large class of non-compact Calabi-Yau manifolds. Inclusion of the string coupling constant corresponds to turning on a constant B-field on the complex surface, which makes this space non-commutative. Including all string loop corrections the free fermion theory is elegantly formulated in terms of holonomic D-modules that replace the classical holomorphic curve in the quantum case.
hep-th
we show that various holomorphic quantities in supersymmetric gauge theories can be conveniently computed by configurations of d4branes and d6branes these dbranes intersect along a riemann surface that is described by a holomorphic curve in a complex surface the resulting ibrane carries twodimensional chiral fermions on its worldvolume this system can be mapped directly to the topological string on a large class of noncompact calabiyau manifolds inclusion of the string coupling constant corresponds to turning on a constant bfield on the complex surface which makes this space noncommutative including all string loop corrections the free fermion theory is elegantly formulated in terms of holonomic dmodules that replace the classical holomorphic curve in the quantum case
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709.4447
Comparative Study of Cities as Complex Networks
Degree distributions of graph representations for compact urban patterns are scale-dependent. Therefore, the degree statistics alone does not give us the enough information to reach a qualified conclusion on the structure of urban spatial networks. We investigate the statistics of far-away neighbors and propose the new method for automatic structural classification of cities.
physics.soc-ph physics.data-an
degree distributions of graph representations for compact urban patterns are scaledependent therefore the degree statistics alone does not give us the enough information to reach a qualified conclusion on the structure of urban spatial networks we investigate the statistics of faraway neighbors and propose the new method for automatic structural classification of cities
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709.4448
Hawking radiation as tunneling for spherically symmetric black holes: A generalized treatment
We present a derivation of Hawking radiation through tunneling mechanism for a general class of asymptotically flat, spherically symmetric spacetimes. The tunneling rate $\Gamma \sim \exp{(\Delta S)}$ arises as a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics, TdS=dE + PdV. Therefore, this approach demonstrates how tunneling is intimately connected with the first law of thermodynamics through the principle of conservation of energy. The analysis is also generally applicable to any reasonable theory of gravity so long as the first law of thermodynamics for horizons holds in the form, TdS=dE + PdV.
gr-qc hep-th
we present a derivation of hawking radiation through tunneling mechanism for a general class of asymptotically flat spherically symmetric spacetimes the tunneling rate gamma sim expdelta s arises as a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics tdsde pdv therefore this approach demonstrates how tunneling is intimately connected with the first law of thermodynamics through the principle of conservation of energy the analysis is also generally applicable to any reasonable theory of gravity so long as the first law of thermodynamics for horizons holds in the form tdsde pdv
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709.4449
On soliton structure of higher order (2+1)-dimensional equations of a relaxing medium beneath high-frequency perturbations
We investigate the soliton structure of novel (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential evolution(NLPDE) equations which may govern the behavior of a barothropic relaxing medium beneath high-frequency perturbations. As a result, we may derive some soliton solutions amongst which three typical pattern formations with loop-, cusp- and hump-like shapes.
math-ph math.MP
we investigate the soliton structure of novel 21dimensional nonlinear partial differential evolutionnlpde equations which may govern the behavior of a barothropic relaxing medium beneath highfrequency perturbations as a result we may derive some soliton solutions amongst which three typical pattern formations with loop cusp and humplike shapes
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709.445
Understanding the Forward Muon Deficit in Coherent Pion Production
For any inelastic process $v_{\ell} + I \to \ell^- + F$ with $m_{\ell} = 0$, the cross section at $\theta_{\ell} = 0$ is given by Adler's PCAC theorem. Inclusion of the lepton mass has a dynamical effect (``PCAC-screening'') caused by interference of spin-zero ($\pi^+$) and spin-one exchanges. This effect may be relevant to the forward suppression reported in recent experiments.
hep-ph
for any inelastic process v_ell i to ell f with m_ell 0 the cross section at theta_ell 0 is given by adlers pcac theorem inclusion of the lepton mass has a dynamical effect pcacscreening caused by interference of spinzero pi and spinone exchanges this effect may be relevant to the forward suppression reported in recent experiments
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709.4451
Cavity Field in Molecular Liquids. When a Polar Liquid Becomes a Dielectric?
We present the results of an analytical theory and simulations of the field inside a cavity created in a dipolar liquid placed in a uniform external electric field. The analytical theory shows that the limit of continuum electrostatics is reached through a singularity in the microscopic response function responsible for a non-decaying longitudinal polarization wave. Fields in microscopic cavities are much different from macroscopic predictions, and low-polarity dielectrics are predicted to have a continuum limit distinct from the solution of Maxwell's equations. Computer Monte Carlo simulations never reach the standard continuum limit and instead converge to the new continuum solution with increasing cavity size.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
we present the results of an analytical theory and simulations of the field inside a cavity created in a dipolar liquid placed in a uniform external electric field the analytical theory shows that the limit of continuum electrostatics is reached through a singularity in the microscopic response function responsible for a nondecaying longitudinal polarization wave fields in microscopic cavities are much different from macroscopic predictions and lowpolarity dielectrics are predicted to have a continuum limit distinct from the solution of maxwells equations computer monte carlo simulations never reach the standard continuum limit and instead converge to the new continuum solution with increasing cavity size
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709.4452
Heavy-Quark Kinetics at RHIC and LHC
In ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions heavy quarks are produced out of thermal equilibrium in the very early stage of the reaction and their thermalization time was expected to be considerably larger than that of light quarks. On the other hand, a strongly-interacting QGP can be envisaged in the heavy quark sector due to the presence of heavy-light hadron-like resonances in the QGP for temperatures up to $\sim$$2 T_{C}$. We investigate the consequences of such states employing a relativistic Langevin simulation. Hadronization is modeled by a coalescence-fragmentation scheme. We present the predictions for the nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow of $D$ and $B$ mesons at LHC energies and compare the results with the successful predictions of this model for RHIC conditions. We find similar heavy-quark thermalization effects at LHC and RHIC.
hep-ph
in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions heavy quarks are produced out of thermal equilibrium in the very early stage of the reaction and their thermalization time was expected to be considerably larger than that of light quarks on the other hand a stronglyinteracting qgp can be envisaged in the heavy quark sector due to the presence of heavylight hadronlike resonances in the qgp for temperatures up to sim2 t_c we investigate the consequences of such states employing a relativistic langevin simulation hadronization is modeled by a coalescencefragmentation scheme we present the predictions for the nuclear modification factor and elliptic flow of d and b mesons at lhc energies and compare the results with the successful predictions of this model for rhic conditions we find similar heavyquark thermalization effects at lhc and rhic
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709.4453
Solar System Constraints on f(G) Dark Energy
Corrections to solar system gravity are derived for f(G) gravity theories, in which a function of the Gauss-Bonnet curvature term is added to the gravitational action. Their effects on Newton's law, as felt by the planets, and on the frequency shift of signals from the Cassini spacecraft, are both determined. Despite the fact that the Gauss-Bonnet term is quadratic in curvature, the resulting constraints are substantial. It is shown that they practically rule out f(G) as a natural explanation for the late-time acceleration of the universe. Possible exceptions are when f(G) reduces to something very close to a cosmological constant, or if the form of the function f is exceptionally fine-tuned.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
corrections to solar system gravity are derived for fg gravity theories in which a function of the gaussbonnet curvature term is added to the gravitational action their effects on newtons law as felt by the planets and on the frequency shift of signals from the cassini spacecraft are both determined despite the fact that the gaussbonnet term is quadratic in curvature the resulting constraints are substantial it is shown that they practically rule out fg as a natural explanation for the latetime acceleration of the universe possible exceptions are when fg reduces to something very close to a cosmological constant or if the form of the function f is exceptionally finetuned
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709.4454
What are the degrees of freedom in the partonic fluid at RHIC ?
Recent RHIC data show evidence of multiple hadron production mechanisms in heavy ion collisions compared to simple fragmentation in vacuum. I will review the measurements of collective flow, high momentum quenching, and two particle angular correlations to show that neither thermal production nor string fragmentation can describe the abundances, the angular distributions or the kinematic properties of all hadrons produced at RHIC. The proposed new hadronization mechanisms not only serve as evidence for a deconfined partonic phase of matter, but also for strong coupling of the degrees of freedom in the deconfined phase. I will point out a surprising lack of flavor dependence in these properties at RHIC, though, which might have to lead to further revisions of our understanding of the relevant degrees of freedom in the partonic phase and during the hadronization process.
nucl-ex
recent rhic data show evidence of multiple hadron production mechanisms in heavy ion collisions compared to simple fragmentation in vacuum i will review the measurements of collective flow high momentum quenching and two particle angular correlations to show that neither thermal production nor string fragmentation can describe the abundances the angular distributions or the kinematic properties of all hadrons produced at rhic the proposed new hadronization mechanisms not only serve as evidence for a deconfined partonic phase of matter but also for strong coupling of the degrees of freedom in the deconfined phase i will point out a surprising lack of flavor dependence in these properties at rhic though which might have to lead to further revisions of our understanding of the relevant degrees of freedom in the partonic phase and during the hadronization process
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709.4455
Studies of Direct Cherenkov Emission with VERITAS
Ground-based composition measurements of high-energy cosmic rays can be significantly improved by using the direct Cherenkov method. This technique targets the Cherenkov light produced by the primary particle prior to its production of an extensive air shower. With the appropriate time and angular resolution, the direct Cherenkov photons can be separated from those produced in the extensiveair shower. By utilizing the 0.15 degree angular and 2 nanosecond timing resolution of the very high energy gamma-ray telescope system, VERITAS, the charge and energy of cosmic rays at TeV energies can be identified on an event-by-event basis. Results from a preliminary search for direct Cherenkov events are discussed.
astro-ph
groundbased composition measurements of highenergy cosmic rays can be significantly improved by using the direct cherenkov method this technique targets the cherenkov light produced by the primary particle prior to its production of an extensive air shower with the appropriate time and angular resolution the direct cherenkov photons can be separated from those produced in the extensiveair shower by utilizing the 015 degree angular and 2 nanosecond timing resolution of the very high energy gammaray telescope system veritas the charge and energy of cosmic rays at tev energies can be identified on an eventbyevent basis results from a preliminary search for direct cherenkov events are discussed
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709.4456
Meson spectroscopy with derivative quark sources
We present results for masses of light mesons obtained with the variational method using an enhanced basis of interpolating field operators with different quark smearings. The interpolators are constructed from Jacobi-smeared quarks of a Gaussian type as well as from derivative quark sources obtained by a covariant derivative acting on the Gaussian sources. For our analysis we use quenched gauge configurations with Chirally Improved quarks and the Luescher-Weisz gauge action on a 16^3 x 32 lattice with a = 0.148 fm. We discuss the influence of derivative sources on the overlap with excited states.
hep-lat
we present results for masses of light mesons obtained with the variational method using an enhanced basis of interpolating field operators with different quark smearings the interpolators are constructed from jacobismeared quarks of a gaussian type as well as from derivative quark sources obtained by a covariant derivative acting on the gaussian sources for our analysis we use quenched gauge configurations with chirally improved quarks and the luescherweisz gauge action on a 163 x 32 lattice with a 0148 fm we discuss the influence of derivative sources on the overlap with excited states
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709.4457
Effects of quantized fields on the spacetime geometries of static spherically symmetric black holes
Analytic approximations for the stress-energy of quantized fields in the Hartle-Hawking state in static black hole spacetimes predict divergences on the event horizon of the black hole for a number of important cases. Such divergences, if real, could substantially alter the spacetime geometry near the event horizon, possibly preventing the black hole from existing. The results of three investigations of these types of effects are presented. The first involves a new analytic approximation for conformally invariant fields in Reissner-Nordstrom spacetimes which is finite on the horizon. The second focuses on the stress-energy of massless scalar fields in Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes. The third focuses on the stress-energy of massless scalar fields in zero temperature black hole geometries that could be solutions to the semiclassical backreaction equations near the event horizon of the black hole.
gr-qc
analytic approximations for the stressenergy of quantized fields in the hartlehawking state in static black hole spacetimes predict divergences on the event horizon of the black hole for a number of important cases such divergences if real could substantially alter the spacetime geometry near the event horizon possibly preventing the black hole from existing the results of three investigations of these types of effects are presented the first involves a new analytic approximation for conformally invariant fields in reissnernordstrom spacetimes which is finite on the horizon the second focuses on the stressenergy of massless scalar fields in schwarzschildde sitter black holes the third focuses on the stressenergy of massless scalar fields in zero temperature black hole geometries that could be solutions to the semiclassical backreaction equations near the event horizon of the black hole
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709.4458
Obscuration in extremely luminous quasars
The spectral energy distributions and infrared (IR) spectra of a sample of obscured AGNs selected in the mid-IR are modeled with recent clumpy torus models to investigate the nature of the sources, the properties of the obscuring matter, and dependencies on luminosity. The sample contains 21 obscured AGNs at z=1.3-3 discovered in the largest Spitzer surveys (SWIRE, NDWFS, & FLS) by means of their extremely red IR to optical colors. All sources show the 9.7micron silicate feature in absorption and have extreme mid-IR luminosities (L(6micron)~10^46 erg/s). The IR SEDs and spectra of 12 sources are well reproduced with a simple torus model, while the remaining 9 sources require foreground extinction from a cold dust component to reproduce both the depth of the silicate feature and the near-IR emission from hot dust. The best-fit torus models show a broad range of inclinations, with no preference for the edge-on torus expected in obscured AGNs. Based on the unobscured QSO mid-IR luminosity function, and on a color-selected sample of obscured and unobscured IR sources, we estimate the surface densities of obscured and unobscured QSOs at L(6micron)>10^12 Lsun, and z=1.3-3.0 to be about 17-22 deg^-2, and 11.7 deg^-2, respectively. Overall we find that ~35-41% of luminous QSOs are unobscured, 37-40% are obscured by the torus, and 23-25% are obscured by a cold absorber detached from the torus. These fractions constrain the torus half opening angle to be ~67 deg. This value is significantly larger than found for FIR selected samples of AGN at lower luminosity (~46 deg), supporting the receding torus scenario. A far-IR component is observed in 8 objects. The estimated far-IR luminosities associated with this component all exceed 3.3x10^12 Lsun, implying SFRs of 600-3000 Msun/yr. (Abridged)
astro-ph
the spectral energy distributions and infrared ir spectra of a sample of obscured agns selected in the midir are modeled with recent clumpy torus models to investigate the nature of the sources the properties of the obscuring matter and dependencies on luminosity the sample contains 21 obscured agns at z133 discovered in the largest spitzer surveys swire ndwfs fls by means of their extremely red ir to optical colors all sources show the 97micron silicate feature in absorption and have extreme midir luminosities l6micron1046 ergs the ir seds and spectra of 12 sources are well reproduced with a simple torus model while the remaining 9 sources require foreground extinction from a cold dust component to reproduce both the depth of the silicate feature and the nearir emission from hot dust the bestfit torus models show a broad range of inclinations with no preference for the edgeon torus expected in obscured agns based on the unobscured qso midir luminosity function and on a colorselected sample of obscured and unobscured ir sources we estimate the surface densities of obscured and unobscured qsos at l6micron1012 lsun and z1330 to be about 1722 deg2 and 117 deg2 respectively overall we find that 3541 of luminous qsos are unobscured 3740 are obscured by the torus and 2325 are obscured by a cold absorber detached from the torus these fractions constrain the torus half opening angle to be 67 deg this value is significantly larger than found for fir selected samples of agn at lower luminosity 46 deg supporting the receding torus scenario a farir component is observed in 8 objects the estimated farir luminosities associated with this component all exceed 33x1012 lsun implying sfrs of 6003000 msunyr abridged
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709.4459
Self-Equalization of Energies of Solitons in Transmission Systems by Guiding Filters
In this paper, the regulating effect of guiding filters on the energies of solitons in wave-length division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems is rigorously studied. More precisely, it is shown that guiding filters prevent the energies of solitons from decaying to zero in long distances. This goal is achieved by studying a mathematical model of the evolution of energies of solitons in transmission systems. The approach is mathematical and does not use numerical or experimental results available in the literature; nevertheless, it reaffirms such results.
nlin.PS
in this paper the regulating effect of guiding filters on the energies of solitons in wavelength division multiplexing wdm transmission systems is rigorously studied more precisely it is shown that guiding filters prevent the energies of solitons from decaying to zero in long distances this goal is achieved by studying a mathematical model of the evolution of energies of solitons in transmission systems the approach is mathematical and does not use numerical or experimental results available in the literature nevertheless it reaffirms such results
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709.446
Positive definite collections of disks
Let $Q(z,w)=-\prod_{k=1}^n [(z-a_k)(\bar{w}-\bar{a}_k)-R_k^2]$. M. Putinar and B. Gustafsson proved recently that the matrix $Q(a_i,a_j)$, $1\leq i,j\leq n$, is positive definite if disks $|z-a_i|<R_i$ form a disjoint collection. We extend this result on symmetric collections of discs with overlapping. More precisely, we show that in the case when the nodes $a_j$ are situated at the vertices of a regular $n$-gon inscribed in the unit circle and $\forall i: R_i\equiv R$, the matrix $Q(a_i,a_j)$ is positive definite if and only if $R<\rho_n$, where $z=2\rho_n^2-1$ is the smallest $\ne-1$ zero of the Jacobi polynomial $\mathcal{P}^{n-2\nu,-1}_\nu(z)$, $\nu=[n/2]$.
math.CV math.MG
let qzwprod_k1n za_kbarwbara_kr_k2 m putinar and b gustafsson proved recently that the matrix qa_ia_j 1leq ijleq n is positive definite if disks za_ir_i form a disjoint collection we extend this result on symmetric collections of discs with overlapping more precisely we show that in the case when the nodes a_j are situated at the vertices of a regular ngon inscribed in the unit circle and forall i r_iequiv r the matrix qa_ia_j is positive definite if and only if rrho_n where z2rho_n21 is the smallest ne1 zero of the jacobi polynomial mathcalpn2nu1_nuz nun2
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709.4461
Charged Current Neutrino Cross Section and Tau Energy Loss at Ultra-High Energies
We evaluate both the tau lepton energy loss produced by photonuclear interactions and the neutrino charged current cross section at ultra-high energies, relevant to neutrino bounds with Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, using different theoretical and phenomenological models for nucleon and nucleus structure functions. The theoretical uncertainty is estimated by taking different extrapolations of the structure function F2 to very low values of x, in the low and moderate Q2 range for the tau lepton interaction and at high Q2 for the neutrino-nucleus inelastic cross section. It is at these extremely low values of x where nuclear shadowing and parton saturation effects are unknown and could be stronger than usually considered. For tau and neutrino energies E=10^9 GeV we find uncertainties of a factor 4 for the tau energy loss and of a factor 2 for the charged current neutrino-nucleus cross section.
hep-ph
we evaluate both the tau lepton energy loss produced by photonuclear interactions and the neutrino charged current cross section at ultrahigh energies relevant to neutrino bounds with earthskimming tau neutrinos using different theoretical and phenomenological models for nucleon and nucleus structure functions the theoretical uncertainty is estimated by taking different extrapolations of the structure function f2 to very low values of x in the low and moderate q2 range for the tau lepton interaction and at high q2 for the neutrinonucleus inelastic cross section it is at these extremely low values of x where nuclear shadowing and parton saturation effects are unknown and could be stronger than usually considered for tau and neutrino energies e109 gev we find uncertainties of a factor 4 for the tau energy loss and of a factor 2 for the charged current neutrinonucleus cross section
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709.4462
Asymptotic stability of periodic solutions for nonsmooth differential equations with application to the nonsmooth van der Pol oscillator
In this paper we study the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of the periodic solutions for a Lipschitz system with a small right hand side. Classical hypotheses in the periodic case of second Bogolyubov's theorem imply our ones. By means of the results established we construct the curves of dependence of the amplitude of asymptotically stable $2\pi$--periodic solutions of the nonsmooth van der Pol oscillator on the detuning parameter and the amplitude of the perturbation. After, we compare the resonance curves obtained, with the resonance curves of the classical van der Pol oscillator which were first constructed by Andronov and Witt.
math.CA
in this paper we study the existence uniqueness and asymptotic stability of the periodic solutions for a lipschitz system with a small right hand side classical hypotheses in the periodic case of second bogolyubovs theorem imply our ones by means of the results established we construct the curves of dependence of the amplitude of asymptotically stable 2piperiodic solutions of the nonsmooth van der pol oscillator on the detuning parameter and the amplitude of the perturbation after we compare the resonance curves obtained with the resonance curves of the classical van der pol oscillator which were first constructed by andronov and witt
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709.4463
XUV digital in-line holography using high-order harmonics
A step towards a successful implementation of timeresolved digital in-line holography with extreme ultraviolet radiation is presented. Ultrashort XUV pulses are produced as high-order harmonics of a femtosecond laser and a Schwarzschild objective is used to focus harmonic radiation at 38 nm and to produce a strongly divergent reference beam for holographic recording. Experimental holograms of thin wires are recorded and the objects reconstructed. Descriptions of the simulation and reconstruction theory and algorithms are also given. Spatial resolution of few hundreds of nm is potentially achievable, and micrometer resolution range is demonstrated.
physics.optics
a step towards a successful implementation of timeresolved digital inline holography with extreme ultraviolet radiation is presented ultrashort xuv pulses are produced as highorder harmonics of a femtosecond laser and a schwarzschild objective is used to focus harmonic radiation at 38 nm and to produce a strongly divergent reference beam for holographic recording experimental holograms of thin wires are recorded and the objects reconstructed descriptions of the simulation and reconstruction theory and algorithms are also given spatial resolution of few hundreds of nm is potentially achievable and micrometer resolution range is demonstrated
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709.4464
Adaptive Investment Strategies For Periodic Environments
In this paper, we present an adaptive investment strategy for environments with periodic returns on investment. In our approach, we consider an investment model where the agent decides at every time step the proportion of wealth to invest in a risky asset, keeping the rest of the budget in a risk-free asset. Every investment is evaluated in the market via a stylized return on investment function (RoI), which is modeled by a stochastic process with unknown periodicities and levels of noise. For comparison reasons, we present two reference strategies which represent the case of agents with zero-knowledge and complete-knowledge of the dynamics of the returns. We consider also an investment strategy based on technical analysis to forecast the next return by fitting a trend line to previous received returns. To account for the performance of the different strategies, we perform some computer experiments to calculate the average budget that can be obtained with them over a certain number of time steps. To assure for fair comparisons, we first tune the parameters of each strategy. Afterwards, we compare the performance of these strategies for RoIs with different periodicities and levels of noise.
cs.CE cs.NE
in this paper we present an adaptive investment strategy for environments with periodic returns on investment in our approach we consider an investment model where the agent decides at every time step the proportion of wealth to invest in a risky asset keeping the rest of the budget in a riskfree asset every investment is evaluated in the market via a stylized return on investment function roi which is modeled by a stochastic process with unknown periodicities and levels of noise for comparison reasons we present two reference strategies which represent the case of agents with zeroknowledge and completeknowledge of the dynamics of the returns we consider also an investment strategy based on technical analysis to forecast the next return by fitting a trend line to previous received returns to account for the performance of the different strategies we perform some computer experiments to calculate the average budget that can be obtained with them over a certain number of time steps to assure for fair comparisons we first tune the parameters of each strategy afterwards we compare the performance of these strategies for rois with different periodicities and levels of noise
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709.4465
Exchange moves and Fiedler polynomial
In order to obtain a Markov theorem without stabilization, Birman and Menasco introduced the notion of exchange related braids. In this paper I study the way the Fiedler polynomial distinguishes conjugacy classes of some particular braided knots. I introduce the Kauffman bracket in the solid torus. Its Taylor expansion give finite type invariants similar to the Fiedler polynomial. I investigate how these invariants distinguish exchange related braids.
math.GT
in order to obtain a markov theorem without stabilization birman and menasco introduced the notion of exchange related braids in this paper i study the way the fiedler polynomial distinguishes conjugacy classes of some particular braided knots i introduce the kauffman bracket in the solid torus its taylor expansion give finite type invariants similar to the fiedler polynomial i investigate how these invariants distinguish exchange related braids
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709.4466
Serially Concatenated IRA Codes
We address the error floor problem of low-density parity check (LDPC) codes on the binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, by constructing a serially concatenated code consisting of two systematic irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) component codes connected by an interleaver. The interleaver is designed to prevent stopping-set error events in one of the IRA codes from propagating into stopping set events of the other code. Simulations with two 128-bit rate 0.707 IRA component codes show that the proposed architecture achieves a much lower error floor at higher SNRs, compared to a 16384-bit rate 1/2 IRA code, but incurs an SNR penalty of about 2 dB at low to medium SNRs. Experiments indicate that the SNR penalty can be reduced at larger blocklengths.
cs.IT math.IT
we address the error floor problem of lowdensity parity check ldpc codes on the binaryinput additive white gaussian noise awgn channel by constructing a serially concatenated code consisting of two systematic irregular repeat accumulate ira component codes connected by an interleaver the interleaver is designed to prevent stoppingset error events in one of the ira codes from propagating into stopping set events of the other code simulations with two 128bit rate 0707 ira component codes show that the proposed architecture achieves a much lower error floor at higher snrs compared to a 16384bit rate 12 ira code but incurs an snr penalty of about 2 db at low to medium snrs experiments indicate that the snr penalty can be reduced at larger blocklengths
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709.4467
A Convex Stochastic Optimization Problem Arising from Portfolio Selection
A continuous-time financial portfolio selection model with expected utility maximization typically boils down to solving a (static) convex stochastic optimization problem in terms of the terminal wealth, with a budget constraint. In literature the latter is solved by assuming {\it a priori} that the problem is well-posed (i.e., the supremum value is finite) and a Lagrange multiplier exists (and as a consequence the optimal solution is attainable). In this paper it is first shown, via various counter-examples, neither of these two assumptions needs to hold, and an optimal solution does not necessarily exist. These anomalies in turn have important interpretations in and impacts on the portfolio selection modeling and solutions. Relations among the non-existence of the Lagrange multiplier, the ill-posedness of the problem, and the non-attainability of an optimal solution are then investigated. Finally, explicit and easily verifiable conditions are derived which lead to finding the unique optimal solution.
q-fin.PM math.NA math.OC math.PR
a continuoustime financial portfolio selection model with expected utility maximization typically boils down to solving a static convex stochastic optimization problem in terms of the terminal wealth with a budget constraint in literature the latter is solved by assuming it a priori that the problem is wellposed ie the supremum value is finite and a lagrange multiplier exists and as a consequence the optimal solution is attainable in this paper it is first shown via various counterexamples neither of these two assumptions needs to hold and an optimal solution does not necessarily exist these anomalies in turn have important interpretations in and impacts on the portfolio selection modeling and solutions relations among the nonexistence of the lagrange multiplier the illposedness of the problem and the nonattainability of an optimal solution are then investigated finally explicit and easily verifiable conditions are derived which lead to finding the unique optimal solution
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709.4468
Waveguiding power of photonic crystal slabs
We consider the waveguiding by thin patterned slabs embedded in a homogeneous medium. In the longwave limit, the wave spectra of slabs are found to be well described by a single frequency-independent parameter, which we call the "guiding power". The guiding power can be evaluated in an effective medium approximation, similar to the Maxwell Garnett theory, but modified for the local field corrections specific to the two-dimensional geometry. The guiding power is different for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. We show that the confinement factor of TM waves in a porous layer with high index ratio can exceed that for a homogeneous layer. Similarly enhanced confinement of TM waves is demonstrated for a layer of elongated cylinders or elliptic inclusion with a high axis length ratio. The effect originates from the suppression of local field effects and the increasing internal field in the inclusion. It may be useful in the design of far-infrared or THz quantum cascade lasers.
physics.optics
we consider the waveguiding by thin patterned slabs embedded in a homogeneous medium in the longwave limit the wave spectra of slabs are found to be well described by a single frequencyindependent parameter which we call the guiding power the guiding power can be evaluated in an effective medium approximation similar to the maxwell garnett theory but modified for the local field corrections specific to the twodimensional geometry the guiding power is different for the transverse magnetic tm and transverse electric te polarizations we show that the confinement factor of tm waves in a porous layer with high index ratio can exceed that for a homogeneous layer similarly enhanced confinement of tm waves is demonstrated for a layer of elongated cylinders or elliptic inclusion with a high axis length ratio the effect originates from the suppression of local field effects and the increasing internal field in the inclusion it may be useful in the design of farinfrared or thz quantum cascade lasers
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709.4469
Embedding coproducts of partition lattices
We prove that the lattice Eq(X) of all equivalence relations on an infinite set X contains, as a 0,1-sublattice, the 0-coproduct of two copies of itself, thus answering a question by G.M. Bergman. Hence, by using methods initiated by de Bruijn and further developed by Bergman, we obtain that Eq(X) also contains, as a sublattice, the coproduct of 2^{card(X)} copies of itself.
math.RA
we prove that the lattice eqx of all equivalence relations on an infinite set x contains as a 01sublattice the 0coproduct of two copies of itself thus answering a question by gm bergman hence by using methods initiated by de bruijn and further developed by bergman we obtain that eqx also contains as a sublattice the coproduct of 2cardx copies of itself
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709.447
A multifrequency study of giant radio sources I. Low-frequency Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of selected sources
We present low-frequency observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) of a sample of giant radio sources (GRSs), and high-frequency observations of three of these sources with the Very Large Array (VLA). From multifrequency observations of the lobes we estimate the magnetic field strengths using three different approaches, and show that these differ at most by a factor of $\sim$3. For these large radio sources the inverse-Compton losses usually dominate over synchrotron losses when estimates of the classical minimum energy magnetic field are used, consistent with earlier studies. However, this is often not true if the magnetic fields are close to the values estimated using the formalism of Beck & Krause. We also examine the spectral indices of the cores and any evidence of recurrent activity in these sources. We probe the environment using the symmetry parameters of these sources and suggest that their environments are often asymmetric on scales of $\sim$1 Mpc, consistent with earlier studies.
astro-ph
we present lowfrequency observations with the giant metrewave radio telescope gmrt of a sample of giant radio sources grss and highfrequency observations of three of these sources with the very large array vla from multifrequency observations of the lobes we estimate the magnetic field strengths using three different approaches and show that these differ at most by a factor of sim3 for these large radio sources the inversecompton losses usually dominate over synchrotron losses when estimates of the classical minimum energy magnetic field are used consistent with earlier studies however this is often not true if the magnetic fields are close to the values estimated using the formalism of beck krause we also examine the spectral indices of the cores and any evidence of recurrent activity in these sources we probe the environment using the symmetry parameters of these sources and suggest that their environments are often asymmetric on scales of sim1 mpc consistent with earlier studies
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709.4471
The chemical composition of planetary nebulae and HII regions in NGC 3109
We present deep spectrophotometry for a sample of 8 PNe and 12 HII regions in the irregular galaxy NGC 3109, to analyze the chemical composition of both types of nebulae. We present line intensities and the physical conditions and the abundances of He, O, Ne, N, S and Ar are derived, using the classical T_e-based method. We confirm our previous identification of PNe and HII regions based on photometry, except for one object that we argue is a compact HII region rather than a PN. We find that the chemical composition of the ISM in NGC 3109, as sampled by its HII regions, is remarkably uniform. The oxygen abundance is log O/H + 12 = 7.77 \pm 0.07 in this galaxy, as compared to 8.05 \pm 0.09 for the SMC. PNe show significantly higher oxygen abundances in NGC 3109: log O/H + 12 = 8.16 \pm 0.19. We argue that, similarly to what has been suggested for some of the PNe in the Magellanic Clouds and other metal-poor galaxies, oxygen in the PNe in NGC 3109 is affected by dredge up in their progenitors. This could be also the case for neon. From our analysis, we conclude that these two elements are not always a safe indicator of the chemical composition of the ISM at low metallicities. An alternative to the O and Ne enrichment in PNe is that the low metallicity in HII regions has been caused by dilution of the ISM due interaction with a neighbor galaxy about a Gyr ago. The excitation patterns of the PNe in NGC 3109 are very different from the excitation patterns of PNe in other galaxies. This would imply that the evolution of PNe depends upon the properties of their progenitor stellar populations, which vary from galaxy to galaxy. This should affect the PN luminosity function and its use as a distance indicator.
astro-ph
we present deep spectrophotometry for a sample of 8 pne and 12 hii regions in the irregular galaxy ngc 3109 to analyze the chemical composition of both types of nebulae we present line intensities and the physical conditions and the abundances of he o ne n s and ar are derived using the classical t_ebased method we confirm our previous identification of pne and hii regions based on photometry except for one object that we argue is a compact hii region rather than a pn we find that the chemical composition of the ism in ngc 3109 as sampled by its hii regions is remarkably uniform the oxygen abundance is log oh 12 777 pm 007 in this galaxy as compared to 805 pm 009 for the smc pne show significantly higher oxygen abundances in ngc 3109 log oh 12 816 pm 019 we argue that similarly to what has been suggested for some of the pne in the magellanic clouds and other metalpoor galaxies oxygen in the pne in ngc 3109 is affected by dredge up in their progenitors this could be also the case for neon from our analysis we conclude that these two elements are not always a safe indicator of the chemical composition of the ism at low metallicities an alternative to the o and ne enrichment in pne is that the low metallicity in hii regions has been caused by dilution of the ism due interaction with a neighbor galaxy about a gyr ago the excitation patterns of the pne in ngc 3109 are very different from the excitation patterns of pne in other galaxies this would imply that the evolution of pne depends upon the properties of their progenitor stellar populations which vary from galaxy to galaxy this should affect the pn luminosity function and its use as a distance indicator
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709.4472
Algebraic structure of quasiradial solutions to the $\gamma$-harmonic equation
We obtain an explicit representation for quasiradial $\gamma$-harmonic functions, which shows that these functions have essentially algebraic nature. In particular, we give a complete description of all $\gamma$ which admit algebraic quasiradial solutions. Unlike the cases $\gamma=\infty$ and $\gamma=1$, only finitely many algebraic solutions is shown to exist for any fixed $|\gamma|>1$. Moreover, there is a special extremal series of $\gamma $ which exactly corresponds to the well-known ideal $m$-atomic gas adiabatic constant $\gamma=\frac{2m+3}{2m+1}$.
math-ph math.AP math.MP
we obtain an explicit representation for quasiradial gammaharmonic functions which shows that these functions have essentially algebraic nature in particular we give a complete description of all gamma which admit algebraic quasiradial solutions unlike the cases gammainfty and gamma1 only finitely many algebraic solutions is shown to exist for any fixed gamma1 moreover there is a special extremal series of gamma which exactly corresponds to the wellknown ideal matomic gas adiabatic constant gammafrac2m32m1
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709.4473
Interaction of ultrashort X-ray pulses with B4C, SiC and Si
The interaction of 32.5 and 6 nm ultrashort X-ray pulses with the solid materials B4C, SiC and Si is simulated with a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiation transfer code. We study the ionization dynamics as function of depth in the material, modifications of the opacity during irradiation and estimate crater depth. Furthermore, we compare the estimated crater depth with experimental data, for fluences up to 2.2 J/cm2. Our results show that at 32.5 nm irradiation, the opacity changes with less than a factor of 2 for B4C and Si and a factor of 3 for SiC, for fluences up to 200 J/cm2. At a laser wavelength of 6 nm, the model predicts a dramatic decrease in opacity due to the weak inverse bremsstrahlung, increasing the crater depth for high fluences.
physics.plasm-ph
the interaction of 325 and 6 nm ultrashort xray pulses with the solid materials b4c sic and si is simulated with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium nlte radiation transfer code we study the ionization dynamics as function of depth in the material modifications of the opacity during irradiation and estimate crater depth furthermore we compare the estimated crater depth with experimental data for fluences up to 22 jcm2 our results show that at 325 nm irradiation the opacity changes with less than a factor of 2 for b4c and si and a factor of 3 for sic for fluences up to 200 jcm2 at a laser wavelength of 6 nm the model predicts a dramatic decrease in opacity due to the weak inverse bremsstrahlung increasing the crater depth for high fluences
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709.4474
Pionic transitions from X(3872) to chi_{cJ}
We consider transitions from the resonance X(3872) to the chi_{cJ} states of charmonium with emission of one or two pions as a means of studying the structure of the X resonance. We find that the relative rates for these transitions to the final states with different J significantly depend on whether the initial state is a pure charmonium state or a four-quark/molecular state.
hep-ph
we consider transitions from the resonance x3872 to the chi_cj states of charmonium with emission of one or two pions as a means of studying the structure of the x resonance we find that the relative rates for these transitions to the final states with different j significantly depend on whether the initial state is a pure charmonium state or a fourquarkmolecular state
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709.4475
Neel to Spin-Glass-like Phase Transition versus Dilution in Geometrically Frustrated ZnCr_{2-2x}Ga_{2x}O_4
ZnCr2O4 undergoes a first order spin-Peierls-like phase transition at 12.5 K from a cubic spin liquid phase to a tetragonal Neel state. Using powder diffraction and single crystal polarized neutron scattering, we determined the complex spin structure of the Neel phase. This phase consisted of several magnetic domains with different characteristic wave vectors. This indicates that the tetragonal phase of ZnCr2O4 is very close to a critical point surrounded by many different Neel states. We have also studied, using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, the effect of nonmagnetic dilution on magnetic correlations in ZnCr_{2-2x}Ga_{2x}O_4 (x=0.05 and 0.3). For x=0.05, the magnetic correlations do not change qualitatively from those in the pure material, except that the phase transition becomes second order. For x= 0.3, the spin-spin correlations become short range. Interestingly, the spatial correlations of the frozen spins in the x=0.3 material are the same as those of the fluctuating moments in the pure and the weakly diluted materials.
cond-mat.str-el
zncr2o4 undergoes a first order spinpeierlslike phase transition at 125 k from a cubic spin liquid phase to a tetragonal neel state using powder diffraction and single crystal polarized neutron scattering we determined the complex spin structure of the neel phase this phase consisted of several magnetic domains with different characteristic wave vectors this indicates that the tetragonal phase of zncr2o4 is very close to a critical point surrounded by many different neel states we have also studied using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques the effect of nonmagnetic dilution on magnetic correlations in zncr_22xga_2xo_4 x005 and 03 for x005 the magnetic correlations do not change qualitatively from those in the pure material except that the phase transition becomes second order for x 03 the spinspin correlations become short range interestingly the spatial correlations of the frozen spins in the x03 material are the same as those of the fluctuating moments in the pure and the weakly diluted materials
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709.4476
Radio Continuum Jet in NGC 7479
The barred galaxy NGC 7479 hosts a remarkable jet-like radio continuum feature: bright, 12-kpc long in projection, and hosting an aligned magnetic field. The degree of polarization is 6%-8% along the jet, and remarkably constant, which is consistent with helical field models. The radio brightness of the jet suggests strong interaction with the ISM and hence a location near the disk plane. We observed NGC 7479 at four wavelengths with the VLA and Effelsberg radio telescopes. The equipartition strength is 35-40 micro-G for the total and >10 micro-G for the ordered magnetic field in the jet. The jet acts as a bright, polarized background. Faraday rotation between 3.5 and 6 cm and depolarization between 6 and 22 cm can be explained by magneto-ionic gas in front of the jet, with thermal electron densities of ~0.06 cm**(-3) in the bar and ~0.03 cm**(-3) outside the bar. The regular magnetic field along the bar points toward the nucleus on both sides. The regular field in the disk reveals multiple reversals, probably consisting of field loops stretched by a shearing gas flow in the bar. The projection of the jet bending in the sky plane is in the sense opposite to that of the underlying stellar and gaseous spiral structure. The bending in 3-D is most easily explained as a precessing jet, with an age less than 10**6 years. Our observations are consistent with very recent triggering, possibly by a minor merger. NGC 7479 provides a unique opportunity to study interaction-triggered 15-kpc scale radio jets within a spiral galaxy.
astro-ph
the barred galaxy ngc 7479 hosts a remarkable jetlike radio continuum feature bright 12kpc long in projection and hosting an aligned magnetic field the degree of polarization is 68 along the jet and remarkably constant which is consistent with helical field models the radio brightness of the jet suggests strong interaction with the ism and hence a location near the disk plane we observed ngc 7479 at four wavelengths with the vla and effelsberg radio telescopes the equipartition strength is 3540 microg for the total and 10 microg for the ordered magnetic field in the jet the jet acts as a bright polarized background faraday rotation between 35 and 6 cm and depolarization between 6 and 22 cm can be explained by magnetoionic gas in front of the jet with thermal electron densities of 006 cm3 in the bar and 003 cm3 outside the bar the regular magnetic field along the bar points toward the nucleus on both sides the regular field in the disk reveals multiple reversals probably consisting of field loops stretched by a shearing gas flow in the bar the projection of the jet bending in the sky plane is in the sense opposite to that of the underlying stellar and gaseous spiral structure the bending in 3d is most easily explained as a precessing jet with an age less than 106 years our observations are consistent with very recent triggering possibly by a minor merger ngc 7479 provides a unique opportunity to study interactiontriggered 15kpc scale radio jets within a spiral galaxy
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709.4477
Sneutrino cold dark matter, a new analysis: relic abundance and detection rates
We perform a new and updated analysis of sneutrinos as dark matter candidates, in different classes of supersymmetric models. We extend previous analyses by studying sneutrino phenomenology for full variations of the supersymmetric parameters which define the various models. We first revisit the standard Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, concluding that sneutrinos are marginally compatible with existing experimental bounds, including direct detection, provided they compose a subdominant component of dark matter. We then study supersymmetric models with the inclusion of right-handed fields and lepton-number violating terms. Simple versions of the lepton-number-violating models do not lead to phenomenology different from the standard case when the neutrino mass bounds are properly included. On the contrary, models with right-handed fields are perfectly viable: they predict sneutrinos which are compatible with the current direct detection sensitivities, both as subdominant and dominant dark matter components. We also study the indirect detection signals for such successful models: predictions for antiproton, antideuteron and gamma-ray fluxes are provided and compared with existing and future experimental sensitivities. The neutrino flux from the center of the Earth is also analyzed.
hep-ph astro-ph
we perform a new and updated analysis of sneutrinos as dark matter candidates in different classes of supersymmetric models we extend previous analyses by studying sneutrino phenomenology for full variations of the supersymmetric parameters which define the various models we first revisit the standard minimal supersymmetric standard model concluding that sneutrinos are marginally compatible with existing experimental bounds including direct detection provided they compose a subdominant component of dark matter we then study supersymmetric models with the inclusion of righthanded fields and leptonnumber violating terms simple versions of the leptonnumberviolating models do not lead to phenomenology different from the standard case when the neutrino mass bounds are properly included on the contrary models with righthanded fields are perfectly viable they predict sneutrinos which are compatible with the current direct detection sensitivities both as subdominant and dominant dark matter components we also study the indirect detection signals for such successful models predictions for antiproton antideuteron and gammaray fluxes are provided and compared with existing and future experimental sensitivities the neutrino flux from the center of the earth is also analyzed
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709.4478
Finite Duration and Energy Effects in Lorentz-Violating Vacuum Cerenkov Radiation
Vacuum Cerenkov radiation is possible in certain Lorentz-violating quantum field theories, when very energetic charges move faster than the phase speed of light. In the presence of a CPT-even, Lorentz-violating modification of the photon sector, the character of the Cerenkov process is controlled by the high-frequency behavior of the radiation spectrum. The development of the Cerenkov process can be markedly different, depending on whether the only limits on the emission of very energetic photons come from energy-momentum conservation or whether there are additional effects that cut off the spectrum at high frequencies. Moreover, since the high-frequency cutoff determines the total rate at which an emitting charge loses energy, it also controls all aspects of the emission that are related to the process's finite duration.
hep-th
vacuum cerenkov radiation is possible in certain lorentzviolating quantum field theories when very energetic charges move faster than the phase speed of light in the presence of a cpteven lorentzviolating modification of the photon sector the character of the cerenkov process is controlled by the highfrequency behavior of the radiation spectrum the development of the cerenkov process can be markedly different depending on whether the only limits on the emission of very energetic photons come from energymomentum conservation or whether there are additional effects that cut off the spectrum at high frequencies moreover since the highfrequency cutoff determines the total rate at which an emitting charge loses energy it also controls all aspects of the emission that are related to the processs finite duration
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709.4479
Calibration Techniques for VERITAS
VERITAS is an array of four identical telescopes designed for detecting and measuring astrophysical gamma rays with energies in excess of 100 GeV. Each telescope uses a 12 m diameter reflector to collect Cherenkov light from air showers initiated by incident gamma rays and direct it onto a `camera' comprising 499 photomultiplier tubes read out by flash ADCs. We describe here calibration methods used for determining the values of the parameters which are necessary for converting the digitized PMT pulses to gamma-ray energies and directions. Use of laser pulses to determine and monitor PMT gains is discussed, as are measurements of the absolute throughput of the telescopes using muon rings.
astro-ph
veritas is an array of four identical telescopes designed for detecting and measuring astrophysical gamma rays with energies in excess of 100 gev each telescope uses a 12 m diameter reflector to collect cherenkov light from air showers initiated by incident gamma rays and direct it onto a camera comprising 499 photomultiplier tubes read out by flash adcs we describe here calibration methods used for determining the values of the parameters which are necessary for converting the digitized pmt pulses to gammaray energies and directions use of laser pulses to determine and monitor pmt gains is discussed as are measurements of the absolute throughput of the telescopes using muon rings
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709.448
The Structure of the Local Interstellar Medium IV: Dynamics, Morphology, Physical Properties, and Implications of Cloud-Cloud Interactions
We present an empirical dynamical model of the local interstellar medium based on 270 radial-velocity measurements for 157 sight lines toward nearby stars. Physical-parameter measurements (i.e., temperature, turbulent velocity, depletions) are available for 90 components, or one-third of the sample, enabling initial characterizations of the physical properties of LISM clouds. The model includes 15 warm clouds located within 15 pc of the Sun, each with a different velocity vector. We derive projected morphologies of all clouds and estimate the volume filling factor of warm partially ionized material in the LISM to be between ~5.5% and 19%. Relative velocities of potentially interacting clouds are often supersonic, consistent with heating, turbulent, and metal-depletion properties. Cloud-cloud collisions may be responsible for the filamentary morphologies found in ~1/3 of LISM clouds, the distribution of clouds along the boundaries of the two nearest clouds (LIC and G), the detailed shape and heating of the Mic Cloud, the location of nearby radio scintillation screens, and the location of a LISM cold cloud. Contrary to previous claims, the Sun appears to be located in the transition zone between the LIC and G Clouds.
astro-ph
we present an empirical dynamical model of the local interstellar medium based on 270 radialvelocity measurements for 157 sight lines toward nearby stars physicalparameter measurements ie temperature turbulent velocity depletions are available for 90 components or onethird of the sample enabling initial characterizations of the physical properties of lism clouds the model includes 15 warm clouds located within 15 pc of the sun each with a different velocity vector we derive projected morphologies of all clouds and estimate the volume filling factor of warm partially ionized material in the lism to be between 55 and 19 relative velocities of potentially interacting clouds are often supersonic consistent with heating turbulent and metaldepletion properties cloudcloud collisions may be responsible for the filamentary morphologies found in 13 of lism clouds the distribution of clouds along the boundaries of the two nearest clouds lic and g the detailed shape and heating of the mic cloud the location of nearby radio scintillation screens and the location of a lism cold cloud contrary to previous claims the sun appears to be located in the transition zone between the lic and g clouds
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709.4481
Nonlinear thermal control in an N-terminal junction
We demonstrate control over heat flow in an N-terminal molecular junction. Using simple model Hamiltonians we show that the heat current through two terminals can be tuned, switched, and amplified, by the temperature and coupling parameters of external gating reservoirs. We discuss two models: A fully harmonic system, and a model incorporating anharmonic interactions. For both models the control reservoirs induce thermal fluctuations of the transition elements between molecular vibrational states. We find that a fully harmonic model does not show any controllability, while for an anharmonic system the conduction properties of the junction strongly depend on the parameters of the gates. Realizations of the model system within nanodevices and macromolecules are discussed.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mes-hall
we demonstrate control over heat flow in an nterminal molecular junction using simple model hamiltonians we show that the heat current through two terminals can be tuned switched and amplified by the temperature and coupling parameters of external gating reservoirs we discuss two models a fully harmonic system and a model incorporating anharmonic interactions for both models the control reservoirs induce thermal fluctuations of the transition elements between molecular vibrational states we find that a fully harmonic model does not show any controllability while for an anharmonic system the conduction properties of the junction strongly depend on the parameters of the gates realizations of the model system within nanodevices and macromolecules are discussed
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709.4482
Nearly Kaehler Reduction
We consider compactification of type IIA supergravity on nearly Kaehler manifolds. These represent a simple class of SU(3) structure manifolds which includes S^6 and CP^3. We exhibit for the first time an explicit reduction ansatz in this context, obtaining an N=2 gauged supergravity in 4d with a single vector and hypermultiplet. We verify that supersymmetric solutions of the 4d theory lift to 10d solutions. Along the way, we discuss questions related to encountering both electric and magnetic charges in the 4d theory.
hep-th math.DG
we consider compactification of type iia supergravity on nearly kaehler manifolds these represent a simple class of su3 structure manifolds which includes s6 and cp3 we exhibit for the first time an explicit reduction ansatz in this context obtaining an n2 gauged supergravity in 4d with a single vector and hypermultiplet we verify that supersymmetric solutions of the 4d theory lift to 10d solutions along the way we discuss questions related to encountering both electric and magnetic charges in the 4d theory
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709.4483
Generalized Descents and Normality
We use Janson's dependency criterion to prove that the distribution of $d$-descents of permutations of length $n$ converge to a normal distribution as $n$ goes to infinity. We show that this remains true even if $d$ is allowed to grow with $n$, up to a certain degree.
math.CO math.PR
we use jansons dependency criterion to prove that the distribution of ddescents of permutations of length n converge to a normal distribution as n goes to infinity we show that this remains true even if d is allowed to grow with n up to a certain degree
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709.4484
Time-optimal synthesis of unitary transformations in coupled fast and slow qubit system
In this paper, we study time-optimal control problems related to system of two coupled qubits where the time scales involved in performing unitary transformations on each qubit are significantly different. In particular, we address the case where unitary transformations produced by evolutions of the coupling take much longer time as compared to the time required to produce unitary transformations on the first qubit but much shorter time as compared to the time to produce unitary transformations on the second qubit. We present a canonical decomposition of SU(4) in terms of the subgroup SU(2)xSU(2)xU(1), which is natural in understanding the time-optimal control problem of such a coupled qubit system with significantly different time scales. A typical setting involves dynamics of a coupled electron-nuclear spin system in pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance experiments at high fields. Using the proposed canonical decomposition, we give time-optimal control algorithms to synthesize various unitary transformations of interest in coherent spectroscopy and quantum information processing.
quant-ph
in this paper we study timeoptimal control problems related to system of two coupled qubits where the time scales involved in performing unitary transformations on each qubit are significantly different in particular we address the case where unitary transformations produced by evolutions of the coupling take much longer time as compared to the time required to produce unitary transformations on the first qubit but much shorter time as compared to the time to produce unitary transformations on the second qubit we present a canonical decomposition of su4 in terms of the subgroup su2xsu2xu1 which is natural in understanding the timeoptimal control problem of such a coupled qubit system with significantly different time scales a typical setting involves dynamics of a coupled electronnuclear spin system in pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance experiments at high fields using the proposed canonical decomposition we give timeoptimal control algorithms to synthesize various unitary transformations of interest in coherent spectroscopy and quantum information processing
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709.4485
Rank of divisors on tropical curves
We investigate, using purely combinatorial methods, structural and algorithmic properties of linear equivalence classes of divisors on tropical curves. In particular, an elementary proof of the Riemann-Roch theorem for tropical curves, similar to the recent proof of the Riemann-Roch theorem for graphs by Baker and Norine, is presented. In addition, a conjecture of Baker asserting that the rank of a divisor D on a (non-metric) graph is equal to the rank of D on the corresponding metric graph is confirmed, and an algorithm for computing the rank of a divisor on a tropical curve is constructed.
math.CO math.AG
we investigate using purely combinatorial methods structural and algorithmic properties of linear equivalence classes of divisors on tropical curves in particular an elementary proof of the riemannroch theorem for tropical curves similar to the recent proof of the riemannroch theorem for graphs by baker and norine is presented in addition a conjecture of baker asserting that the rank of a divisor d on a nonmetric graph is equal to the rank of d on the corresponding metric graph is confirmed and an algorithm for computing the rank of a divisor on a tropical curve is constructed
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709.4486
A Comment on the Infra-Red Problem in the AdS/CFT Correspondence
In this note we report on some recent progress in proving the AdS/CFT correspondence for quantum fields using rigorously defined Euclidean path integrals. We also comment on the infra-red problem in the AdS/CFT correspondence and argue that it is different from the usual IR problem in constructive quantum field theory. To illustrate this, a triviality proof based on hypercontractivity estimates is given for the case of an ultra-violet regularized potential of type $:\phi^4:$. We also give a brief discussion on possible renormalization strategies and the specific problems that arise in this context.
math-ph math.MP
in this note we report on some recent progress in proving the adscft correspondence for quantum fields using rigorously defined euclidean path integrals we also comment on the infrared problem in the adscft correspondence and argue that it is different from the usual ir problem in constructive quantum field theory to illustrate this a triviality proof based on hypercontractivity estimates is given for the case of an ultraviolet regularized potential of type phi4 we also give a brief discussion on possible renormalization strategies and the specific problems that arise in this context
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709.4487
Valence bond description of the long-range, nonfrustrated Heisenberg chain
The Heisenberg chain with antiferromagnetic, powerlaw exchange has a quantum phase transition separating spin liquid and Neel ordered phases at a critical value of the powerlaw exponent alpha. The behaviour of the system can be explained rather simply in terms of a resonating valence bond state in which the amplitude for a bond of length r goes as r^{-alpha} for alpha < 1, as r^{-(1+alpha)/2} for 1 < alpha < 3, and as r^{-2} for alpha > 3. Numerical evaluation of the staggered magnetic moment and Binder cumulant reveals a second order transition at alpha_c = 2.18(5), in excellent agreement with quantum Monte Carlo. The divergence of the magnetic correlation length is consistent with an exponent nu = 2/(3-alpha_c) = 2.4(2).
cond-mat.str-el
the heisenberg chain with antiferromagnetic powerlaw exchange has a quantum phase transition separating spin liquid and neel ordered phases at a critical value of the powerlaw exponent alpha the behaviour of the system can be explained rather simply in terms of a resonating valence bond state in which the amplitude for a bond of length r goes as ralpha for alpha 1 as r1alpha2 for 1 alpha 3 and as r2 for alpha 3 numerical evaluation of the staggered magnetic moment and binder cumulant reveals a second order transition at alpha_c 2185 in excellent agreement with quantum monte carlo the divergence of the magnetic correlation length is consistent with an exponent nu 23alpha_c 242
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709.4488
Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
We present an algorithm to identify the type of an SN spectrum and to determine its redshift and age. This algorithm, based on the correlation techniques of Tonry & Davis, is implemented in the Supernova Identification (SNID) code. It is used by members of ongoing high-redshift SN searches to distinguish between type Ia and type Ib/c SNe, and to identify "peculiar" SNe Ia. We develop a diagnostic to quantify the quality of a correlation between the input and template spectra, which enables a formal evaluation of the associated redshift error. Furthermore, by comparing the correlation redshifts obtained using SNID with those determined from narrow lines in the SN host galaxy spectrum, we show that accurate redshifts (with a typical error less than 0.01) can be determined for SNe Ia without a spectrum of the host galaxy. Last, the age of an input spectrum is determined with a typical 3-day accuracy, shown here by using high-redshift SNe Ia with well-sampled light curves. The success of the correlation technique confirms the similarity of some SNe Ia at low and high redshifts. The SNID code, which is available to the community, can also be used for comparative studies of SN spectra, as well as comparisons between data and models.
astro-ph
we present an algorithm to identify the type of an sn spectrum and to determine its redshift and age this algorithm based on the correlation techniques of tonry davis is implemented in the supernova identification snid code it is used by members of ongoing highredshift sn searches to distinguish between type ia and type ibc sne and to identify peculiar sne ia we develop a diagnostic to quantify the quality of a correlation between the input and template spectra which enables a formal evaluation of the associated redshift error furthermore by comparing the correlation redshifts obtained using snid with those determined from narrow lines in the sn host galaxy spectrum we show that accurate redshifts with a typical error less than 001 can be determined for sne ia without a spectrum of the host galaxy last the age of an input spectrum is determined with a typical 3day accuracy shown here by using highredshift sne ia with wellsampled light curves the success of the correlation technique confirms the similarity of some sne ia at low and high redshifts the snid code which is available to the community can also be used for comparative studies of sn spectra as well as comparisons between data and models
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709.4489
Theory of N\'eel and Valence-Bond-Solid Phases on the Kagome Lattice of Zn-paratacamite
Recently, neutron scattering data on powder samples of Zn-paratacamite, Zn$_x$Cu$_{4-x}$(OH)$_6$Cl$_{2}$, with small Zn concentration has been interpreted as evidence for valence bond solid and N\'eel ordering [1]. We study the classical and quantum Heisenberg models on the distorted kagome lattice appropriate for Zn-paratacamite at low Zn doping. Our theory naturally leads to the emergence of the valence bond solid and collinear magnetic order at zero temperature. Implications of our results to the existing experiments are discussed. We also suggest future inelastic neutron and X-ray scattering experiments that can test our predictions.
cond-mat.str-el
recently neutron scattering data on powder samples of znparatacamite zn_xcu_4xoh_6cl_2 with small zn concentration has been interpreted as evidence for valence bond solid and neel ordering 1 we study the classical and quantum heisenberg models on the distorted kagome lattice appropriate for znparatacamite at low zn doping our theory naturally leads to the emergence of the valence bond solid and collinear magnetic order at zero temperature implications of our results to the existing experiments are discussed we also suggest future inelastic neutron and xray scattering experiments that can test our predictions
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709.449
Amphiphile Adsorption on Rigid Polyelectrolytes
A theory is presented which quantitatively accounts for the cooperative adsorption of cationic surfactants to anionic polyelectrolytes. For high salt concentration we find that the critical adsorption concentration (CAC) is a bilinear function of the polyion monomer and salt concentrations, with the coefficients dependent only on the type of surfactant used. The results presented in the paper might be useful for designing more efficient gene delivery systems.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
a theory is presented which quantitatively accounts for the cooperative adsorption of cationic surfactants to anionic polyelectrolytes for high salt concentration we find that the critical adsorption concentration cac is a bilinear function of the polyion monomer and salt concentrations with the coefficients dependent only on the type of surfactant used the results presented in the paper might be useful for designing more efficient gene delivery systems
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709.4491
Evidence for a J/psi-ppbar Pauli Strong Coupling ?
The couplings of charmonia and charmonium hybrids (generically Psi) to ppbar are of great interest in view of future plans to study these states using an antiproton storage ring at GSI. These low to moderate energy Psi-ppbar couplings are not well understood theoretically, and currently must be determined from experiment. In this letter we note that the two independent Dirac (gamma_mu) and Pauli (sigma_munu) ppbar couplings of the J/psi and psi' can be constrained by the angular distribution of e+e- -> (J/psi, psi') -> ppbar on resonance. A comparison of our theoretical results to recent unpolarized data allows estimates of the ppbar couplings; in the better determined J/psi case the data is inconsistent with a pure Dirac (gamma_mu) coupling, and can be explained by the presence of a sigma_munu term. This Pauli coupling may significantly affect the cross section of the PANDA process p pbar -> pi0 J/psi near threshold. There is a phase ambiguity that makes it impossible to uniquely determine the magnitudes and relative phase of the Dirac and Pauli couplings from the unpolarized angular distributions alone; we show in detail how this can be resolved through a study of the polarized reactions.
hep-ph
the couplings of charmonia and charmonium hybrids generically psi to ppbar are of great interest in view of future plans to study these states using an antiproton storage ring at gsi these low to moderate energy psippbar couplings are not well understood theoretically and currently must be determined from experiment in this letter we note that the two independent dirac gamma_mu and pauli sigma_munu ppbar couplings of the jpsi and psi can be constrained by the angular distribution of ee jpsi psi ppbar on resonance a comparison of our theoretical results to recent unpolarized data allows estimates of the ppbar couplings in the better determined jpsi case the data is inconsistent with a pure dirac gamma_mu coupling and can be explained by the presence of a sigma_munu term this pauli coupling may significantly affect the cross section of the panda process p pbar pi0 jpsi near threshold there is a phase ambiguity that makes it impossible to uniquely determine the magnitudes and relative phase of the dirac and pauli couplings from the unpolarized angular distributions alone we show in detail how this can be resolved through a study of the polarized reactions
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709.4492
Fun with "Analysis I": basic theorems in calculus revisited
This note tries to show that a re-examination of a first course in analysis, using the more sophisticated tools and approaches obtained in later stages, can be a real fun for experts, advanced students, etc. We start by going to the extreme, namely we present two proofs of the Extreme Value Theorem: "the programmer proof" that suggests a method (which is practical in down-to-earth settings) to approximate, to any required precision, the extreme values of the given function in a metric space setting, and an abstract space proof ("the level-set proof") for semicontinuous functions defined on compact topological spaces. Next, in the intermediate part, we consider the Intermediate Value Theorem, generalize it to a wide class of discontinuous functions, and re-examine the meaning of the intermediate value property. The trek reaches the final frontier when we discuss the Uniform Continuity Theorem, generalize it, re-examine the meaning of uniform continuity, and find the optimal delta of the given epsilon. Have fun!
math.HO math.CA math.FA
this note tries to show that a reexamination of a first course in analysis using the more sophisticated tools and approaches obtained in later stages can be a real fun for experts advanced students etc we start by going to the extreme namely we present two proofs of the extreme value theorem the programmer proof that suggests a method which is practical in downtoearth settings to approximate to any required precision the extreme values of the given function in a metric space setting and an abstract space proof the levelset proof for semicontinuous functions defined on compact topological spaces next in the intermediate part we consider the intermediate value theorem generalize it to a wide class of discontinuous functions and reexamine the meaning of the intermediate value property the trek reaches the final frontier when we discuss the uniform continuity theorem generalize it reexamine the meaning of uniform continuity and find the optimal delta of the given epsilon have fun
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709.4493
Searching for Planetary Transits in Star Clusters
Star clusters provide an excellent opportunity to study the role of environment on determining the frequencies of short period planets. They provide a large sample of stars which can be imaged simultaneously, with a common distance, age and pre-determined physical parameters. This allows the search to be tailor-made for each specific cluster. Several groups are attempting to detect transiting planets in open clusters. Three previous surveys have also targeted the two brightest globular clusters. No cluster survey has yet detected a planet. This contribution presents a brief overview of the field, highlighting the pros and cons of performing such a search, and presents the expected and current results, with implications for planetary frequencies in regions of high stellar density and low metallicity.
astro-ph
star clusters provide an excellent opportunity to study the role of environment on determining the frequencies of short period planets they provide a large sample of stars which can be imaged simultaneously with a common distance age and predetermined physical parameters this allows the search to be tailormade for each specific cluster several groups are attempting to detect transiting planets in open clusters three previous surveys have also targeted the two brightest globular clusters no cluster survey has yet detected a planet this contribution presents a brief overview of the field highlighting the pros and cons of performing such a search and presents the expected and current results with implications for planetary frequencies in regions of high stellar density and low metallicity
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709.4494
Universal properties of large N phase transitions in Wilson loops
Numerical studies support the conjecture that in continuum planar QCD the eigenvalue density of a Wilson loop operator undergoes a transition as the loop is dilated while keeping the loop shape fixed. A second part of the conjecture is that the transition obeys large N universality and that this universality class is the same in 2, 3 and 4 Euclidean space-time dimensions. The focus of the talk will be on clarifying precisely what the conjecture is claiming.
hep-lat
numerical studies support the conjecture that in continuum planar qcd the eigenvalue density of a wilson loop operator undergoes a transition as the loop is dilated while keeping the loop shape fixed a second part of the conjecture is that the transition obeys large n universality and that this universality class is the same in 2 3 and 4 euclidean spacetime dimensions the focus of the talk will be on clarifying precisely what the conjecture is claiming
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709.4495
Some Generalizations of Fedorchuk Duality Theorem -- I
Generalizing Duality Theorem of V. V. Fedorchuk, we prove Stone-type duality theorems for the following four categories: all of them have as objects the locally compact Hausdorff spaces, and their morphisms are, respectively, the continuous skeletal maps, the quasi-open perfect maps, the open maps, the open perfect maps. In particular, a Stone-type duality theorem for the category of all compact Hausdorff spaces and all open maps between them is proved. We also obtain equivalence theorems for these four categories. The versions of these theorems for the full subcategories of these categories having as objects all locally compact connected Hausdorff spaces are formulated as well.
math.GN math.CT
generalizing duality theorem of v v fedorchuk we prove stonetype duality theorems for the following four categories all of them have as objects the locally compact hausdorff spaces and their morphisms are respectively the continuous skeletal maps the quasiopen perfect maps the open maps the open perfect maps in particular a stonetype duality theorem for the category of all compact hausdorff spaces and all open maps between them is proved we also obtain equivalence theorems for these four categories the versions of these theorems for the full subcategories of these categories having as objects all locally compact connected hausdorff spaces are formulated as well
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709.4496
How to form bulges/ellipticals in dark halos as fast as central black holes?
Gravity is nearly a universal constant in the cusp of an NFW galaxy halo. Inside this external field an isothermal gas sphere will collapse and trigger a starburst if above a critical central pressure. Thus formed spheroidal stellar systems have Sersic-profile and satisfy the Faber-Jackson relation. The process is consistent with observed starbursts. We also recover the M_BH vs. velocity dispersion relation, if the gas collapse is regulated or resisted by the feedback from radiation from the central BH.
astro-ph
gravity is nearly a universal constant in the cusp of an nfw galaxy halo inside this external field an isothermal gas sphere will collapse and trigger a starburst if above a critical central pressure thus formed spheroidal stellar systems have sersicprofile and satisfy the faberjackson relation the process is consistent with observed starbursts we also recover the m_bh vs velocity dispersion relation if the gas collapse is regulated or resisted by the feedback from radiation from the central bh
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709.4497
The complexity of nonrepetitive edge coloring of graphs
A squarefree word is a sequence $w$ of symbols such that there are no strings $x, y$, and $z$ for which $w=xyyz$. A nonrepetitive coloring of a graph is an edge coloring in which the sequence of colors along any open path is squarefree. We show that determining whether a graph $G$ has a nonrepetitive $k$-coloring is $\Sigma_2^p$-complete. When we restrict to paths of lengths at most $n$, the problem becomes NP-complete for fixed $n$.
cs.CC cs.DM
a squarefree word is a sequence w of symbols such that there are no strings x y and z for which wxyyz a nonrepetitive coloring of a graph is an edge coloring in which the sequence of colors along any open path is squarefree we show that determining whether a graph g has a nonrepetitive kcoloring is sigma_2pcomplete when we restrict to paths of lengths at most n the problem becomes npcomplete for fixed n
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709.4498
Charged-Current Interaction Measurements in MiniBooNE
Neutrino oscillation is the only known phenomenon for physics beyond the standard model. To investigate this phenomenon, the understanding of low energy neutrino scattering (200<E<2000 MeV) is the crucial task for high energy physicists. In this energy region, the charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) neutrino interaction is the dominant process, and experiments require a precise model to predict signal samples. Using a high-statistics sample of muon neutrino CCQE events, MiniBooNE finds that a simple Fermi gas model, with appropriate adjustments, accurately characterizes the CCQE events on carbon. The extracted parameters include an effective axial mass, MA=1.23 +- 0.20 GeV, and a Pauli-blocking parameter, kappa = 1.019 +- 0.011.
hep-ex
neutrino oscillation is the only known phenomenon for physics beyond the standard model to investigate this phenomenon the understanding of low energy neutrino scattering 200e2000 mev is the crucial task for high energy physicists in this energy region the charged current quasielastic ccqe neutrino interaction is the dominant process and experiments require a precise model to predict signal samples using a highstatistics sample of muon neutrino ccqe events miniboone finds that a simple fermi gas model with appropriate adjustments accurately characterizes the ccqe events on carbon the extracted parameters include an effective axial mass ma123 020 gev and a pauliblocking parameter kappa 1019 0011
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709.4499
Metal-rich multi-phase gas in M87: AGN-driven metal transport, magnetic-field supported multi-temperature gas, and constraints on non-thermal emission observed with XMM-Newton
We use deep (~120 ks) XMM-Newton data of the M87 halo to analyze its spatially resolved temperature structure and chemical composition. We focus particularly on the regions of enhanced X-ray brightness associated with the inner radio lobes, which are known not to be described very well by single-temperature spectral models. Compared to a simple two-temperature fit, we obtain a better and more physical description of the spectra using a model that involves a continuous range of temperatures in each spatial bin. The range of temperatures of the multiphase gas spans ~0.6-3.2 keV. Such a multiphase structure is only possible if thermal conduction is suppressed by magnetic fields. In the multi-temperature regions, we find a correlation between the amount of gas cooler than the surrounding X-ray plasma and the metallicity, and conclude that the cool gas is more metal-rich than the ambient halo. We estimate the average Fe abundance of the cool gas to ~2.2 solar. Our results thus point toward the key role of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in transporting heavy elements into the intracluster medium. The abundance ratios of O/Si/S/Fe in and outside the X-ray arms are similar, indicating that the dominant fraction of metals in the gas halo was uplifted by AGN outbursts relatively recently compared to the age of M87. Our estimate for the mass of the cool gas is 5e8 M_sun, which probably stems from a mixture of ICM, stellar mass loss, and Type Ia supernova products. ~30-110 Myr are required to produce the observed metals in the cool gas. Finally, we put upper limits on possible non-thermal X-ray emission from M87 and, combining it with the 90 cm radio maps, we put lower limits of around ~0.5-1.0 muG on the magnetic field strength.
astro-ph
we use deep 120 ks xmmnewton data of the m87 halo to analyze its spatially resolved temperature structure and chemical composition we focus particularly on the regions of enhanced xray brightness associated with the inner radio lobes which are known not to be described very well by singletemperature spectral models compared to a simple twotemperature fit we obtain a better and more physical description of the spectra using a model that involves a continuous range of temperatures in each spatial bin the range of temperatures of the multiphase gas spans 0632 kev such a multiphase structure is only possible if thermal conduction is suppressed by magnetic fields in the multitemperature regions we find a correlation between the amount of gas cooler than the surrounding xray plasma and the metallicity and conclude that the cool gas is more metalrich than the ambient halo we estimate the average fe abundance of the cool gas to 22 solar our results thus point toward the key role of the active galactic nucleus agn in transporting heavy elements into the intracluster medium the abundance ratios of osisfe in and outside the xray arms are similar indicating that the dominant fraction of metals in the gas halo was uplifted by agn outbursts relatively recently compared to the age of m87 our estimate for the mass of the cool gas is 5e8 m_sun which probably stems from a mixture of icm stellar mass loss and type ia supernova products 30110 myr are required to produce the observed metals in the cool gas finally we put upper limits on possible nonthermal xray emission from m87 and combining it with the 90 cm radio maps we put lower limits of around 0510 mug on the magnetic field strength
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709.45
Community structure in directed networks
We consider the problem of finding communities or modules in directed networks. The most common approach to this problem in the previous literature has been simply to ignore edge direction and apply methods developed for community discovery in undirected networks, but this approach discards potentially useful information contained in the edge directions. Here we show how the widely used benefit function known as modularity can be generalized in a principled fashion to incorporate the information contained in edge directions. This in turn allows us to find communities by maximizing the modularity over possible divisions of a network, which we do using an algorithm based on the eigenvectors of the corresponding modularity matrix. This method is shown to give demonstrably better results than previous methods on a variety of test networks, both real and computer-generated.
physics.data-an physics.soc-ph
we consider the problem of finding communities or modules in directed networks the most common approach to this problem in the previous literature has been simply to ignore edge direction and apply methods developed for community discovery in undirected networks but this approach discards potentially useful information contained in the edge directions here we show how the widely used benefit function known as modularity can be generalized in a principled fashion to incorporate the information contained in edge directions this in turn allows us to find communities by maximizing the modularity over possible divisions of a network which we do using an algorithm based on the eigenvectors of the corresponding modularity matrix this method is shown to give demonstrably better results than previous methods on a variety of test networks both real and computergenerated
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709.4501
The Number of Periodic Orbits of a Rational Difference Equation
We show how a variant of the Lefschetz Fixed Point Theorem may be used to count the number of periodic orbits for certain rational difference equations.
math.DS
we show how a variant of the lefschetz fixed point theorem may be used to count the number of periodic orbits for certain rational difference equations
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709.4502
Private Database Queries Using Quantum States with Limited Coherence Times
We describe a method for private database queries using exchange of quantum states with bits encoded in mutually incompatible bases. For technology with limited coherence time, the database vendor can announce the encoding after a suitable delay to allow the user to privately learn one of two items in the database without the ability to also definitely infer the second item. This quantum approach also allows the user to choose to learn other functions of the items, such as the exclusive-or of their bits, but not to gain more information than equivalent to learning one item, on average. This method is especially useful for items consisting of a few bits by avoiding the substantial overhead of conventional cryptographic approaches.
quant-ph
we describe a method for private database queries using exchange of quantum states with bits encoded in mutually incompatible bases for technology with limited coherence time the database vendor can announce the encoding after a suitable delay to allow the user to privately learn one of two items in the database without the ability to also definitely infer the second item this quantum approach also allows the user to choose to learn other functions of the items such as the exclusiveor of their bits but not to gain more information than equivalent to learning one item on average this method is especially useful for items consisting of a few bits by avoiding the substantial overhead of conventional cryptographic approaches
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709.4503
Developing and Researching PhET simulations for Teaching Quantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanics is difficult to learn because it is counterintuitive, hard to visualize, mathematically challenging, and abstract. The Physics Education Technology (PhET) Project, known for its interactive computer simulations for teaching and learning physics, now includes 18 simulations on quantum mechanics designed to improve learning of this difficult subject. Our simulations include several key features to help students build mental models and intuitions about quantum mechanics: visual representations of abstract concepts and microscopic processes that cannot be directly observed, interactive environments that directly couple students' actions to animations, connections to everyday life, and efficient calculations so students can focus on the concepts rather than the math. Like all PhET simulations, these are developed using the results of education research and feedback from educators, and are tested in student interviews and classroom studies. This article provides an overview of the PhET quantum simulations and their development. We also describe research demonstrating their effectiveness and share some insights about student thinking that we have gained from our research on quantum simulations.
physics.ed-ph
quantum mechanics is difficult to learn because it is counterintuitive hard to visualize mathematically challenging and abstract the physics education technology phet project known for its interactive computer simulations for teaching and learning physics now includes 18 simulations on quantum mechanics designed to improve learning of this difficult subject our simulations include several key features to help students build mental models and intuitions about quantum mechanics visual representations of abstract concepts and microscopic processes that cannot be directly observed interactive environments that directly couple students actions to animations connections to everyday life and efficient calculations so students can focus on the concepts rather than the math like all phet simulations these are developed using the results of education research and feedback from educators and are tested in student interviews and classroom studies this article provides an overview of the phet quantum simulations and their development we also describe research demonstrating their effectiveness and share some insights about student thinking that we have gained from our research on quantum simulations
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709.4504
The H2 Amazing Life of NGC 6881
The H2 and optical (Ha, [NII]) morphology of NGC 6881 are very different. Here we present a preliminary report of the analysis of new optical (Ha and [NII]) and near-IR (Brg and H2) images and intermediate resolution JHK spectra of this nebula. Our observations confirm the association of the H2 bipolar lobes to NGC 6881 and reveal that H2 is predominantly shock excited in this nebula. We conclude that NGC 6881 has multiple bipolar lobes that formed at different phases of the nebular evolution and that the collimation conditions or even the collimating agent changed from one ejection to the other.
astro-ph
the h2 and optical ha nii morphology of ngc 6881 are very different here we present a preliminary report of the analysis of new optical ha and nii and nearir brg and h2 images and intermediate resolution jhk spectra of this nebula our observations confirm the association of the h2 bipolar lobes to ngc 6881 and reveal that h2 is predominantly shock excited in this nebula we conclude that ngc 6881 has multiple bipolar lobes that formed at different phases of the nebular evolution and that the collimation conditions or even the collimating agent changed from one ejection to the other
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709.4505
The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) Instrument Aboard New Horizons
The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on New Horizons will measure the interaction between the solar wind and ions created by atmospheric loss from Pluto. These measurements provide a characterization of the total loss rate and allow us to examine the complex plasma interactions at Pluto for the first time. Constrained to fit within minimal resources, SWAP is optimized to make plasma-ion measurements at all rotation angles as the New Horizons spacecraft scans to image Pluto and Charon during the flyby. In order to meet these unique requirements, we combined a cylindrically symmetric retarding potential analyzer (RPA) with small deflectors, a top-hat analyzer, and a redundant/coincidence detection scheme. This configuration allows for highly sensitive measurements and a controllable energy passband at all scan angles of the spacecraft.
astro-ph
the solar wind around pluto swap instrument on new horizons will measure the interaction between the solar wind and ions created by atmospheric loss from pluto these measurements provide a characterization of the total loss rate and allow us to examine the complex plasma interactions at pluto for the first time constrained to fit within minimal resources swap is optimized to make plasmaion measurements at all rotation angles as the new horizons spacecraft scans to image pluto and charon during the flyby in order to meet these unique requirements we combined a cylindrically symmetric retarding potential analyzer rpa with small deflectors a tophat analyzer and a redundantcoincidence detection scheme this configuration allows for highly sensitive measurements and a controllable energy passband at all scan angles of the spacecraft
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709.4506
Optimum Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff in the Multiple Relays Network
In this paper, a multiple-relay network in considered, in which $K$ single-antenna relays assist a single-antenna transmitter to communicate with a single-antenna receiver in a half-duplex mode. A new Amplify and Forward (AF) scheme is proposed for this network and is shown to achieve the optimum diversity-multiplexing trade-off curve.
cs.IT math.IT
in this paper a multiplerelay network in considered in which k singleantenna relays assist a singleantenna transmitter to communicate with a singleantenna receiver in a halfduplex mode a new amplify and forward af scheme is proposed for this network and is shown to achieve the optimum diversitymultiplexing tradeoff curve
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709.4507
Bose-Einstein correlations of pion pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies
Measurements of Bose-Einstein correlations of pion pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions were performed with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS for beam energies of 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV. Correlation functions were measured in the longitudinally co-moving ``out-side-long'' reference frame as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum in the forward hemisphere of the reaction. Radius and correlation strength parameters were obtained from fits of a Gaussian parametrization. The results show a decrease of the radius parameters with increasing transverse momentum characteristic of strong radial flow in the pion source. No striking dependence on pion-pair rapidity or beam energy is observed. Static and dynamic properties of the pion source are obtained from simultaneous fits with a blast-wave model to radius parameters and midrapidity transverse momentum spectra. Predictions of hydrodynamic and microscopic models of Pb+Pb collisions are discussed.
nucl-ex
measurements of boseeinstein correlations of pion pairs in central pbpb collisions were performed with the na49 detector at the cern sps for beam energies of 20a 30a 40a 80a and 158a gev correlation functions were measured in the longitudinally comoving outsidelong reference frame as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum in the forward hemisphere of the reaction radius and correlation strength parameters were obtained from fits of a gaussian parametrization the results show a decrease of the radius parameters with increasing transverse momentum characteristic of strong radial flow in the pion source no striking dependence on pionpair rapidity or beam energy is observed static and dynamic properties of the pion source are obtained from simultaneous fits with a blastwave model to radius parameters and midrapidity transverse momentum spectra predictions of hydrodynamic and microscopic models of pbpb collisions are discussed
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709.4508
The galaxy populations from the centers to the infall regions in z~0.25 clusters
We conducted a panoramic spectroscopic campaign with MOSCA at the Calar Alto observatory. We acquired spectra of more than 500 objects. Approximately 150 of these spectra were of galaxies that are members of six different clusters, which differ in intrinsic X-ray luminosity. The wavelength range allows us to quantify the star formation activity by using the OII and the Halpha lines. This activity is examined in terms of the large-scale environment expressed by the clustercentric distance of the galaxies as well as on local scales given by the spatial galaxy densities. A global suppression of star-formation is detected in the outskirts of clusters, at about 3Rvir. Galaxies with ongoing star-formation have similar activity, regardless of the environment. Therefore, the decline of the star-formation activity inside the investigated clusters is driven mainly by the significant change in the fraction of active versus passive populations. This suggests that the suppression of the star-formation activity occurs on short timescales. We detect a significant population of red star-forming galaxies whose colors are consistent with the red-sequence of passive galaxies. They appear to be in an intermediate evolutionary stage between active and passive types. Since a suppression of star-formation activity is measured at large clustercentric distances and low projected densities, purely cluster-specific phenomena cannot fully explain the observed trends. Therefore, as suggested by other studies, group preprocessing may play an important role in transforming galaxies before they enter into the cluster environment. Since models predict that a significant fraction of galaxies observed in the outskirts may have already transversed through the cluster center, the effects of ram-pressure stripping cannot be neglected. (ABRIDGED)
astro-ph
we conducted a panoramic spectroscopic campaign with mosca at the calar alto observatory we acquired spectra of more than 500 objects approximately 150 of these spectra were of galaxies that are members of six different clusters which differ in intrinsic xray luminosity the wavelength range allows us to quantify the star formation activity by using the oii and the halpha lines this activity is examined in terms of the largescale environment expressed by the clustercentric distance of the galaxies as well as on local scales given by the spatial galaxy densities a global suppression of starformation is detected in the outskirts of clusters at about 3rvir galaxies with ongoing starformation have similar activity regardless of the environment therefore the decline of the starformation activity inside the investigated clusters is driven mainly by the significant change in the fraction of active versus passive populations this suggests that the suppression of the starformation activity occurs on short timescales we detect a significant population of red starforming galaxies whose colors are consistent with the redsequence of passive galaxies they appear to be in an intermediate evolutionary stage between active and passive types since a suppression of starformation activity is measured at large clustercentric distances and low projected densities purely clusterspecific phenomena cannot fully explain the observed trends therefore as suggested by other studies group preprocessing may play an important role in transforming galaxies before they enter into the cluster environment since models predict that a significant fraction of galaxies observed in the outskirts may have already transversed through the cluster center the effects of rampressure stripping cannot be neglected abridged
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709.4509
A recursion formula for k-Schur functions
The Bernstein operators allow to build recursively the Schur functions. We present a recursion formula for k-Schur functions at t=1 based on combinatorial operators that generalize the Bernstein operators. The recursion leads immediately to a combinatorial interpretation for the expansion coefficients of k-Schur functions at t=1 in terms of homogeneous symmetric functions.
math.CO
the bernstein operators allow to build recursively the schur functions we present a recursion formula for kschur functions at t1 based on combinatorial operators that generalize the bernstein operators the recursion leads immediately to a combinatorial interpretation for the expansion coefficients of kschur functions at t1 in terms of homogeneous symmetric functions
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709.451
Quantum characteristic classes and the Hofer metric
Given a closed monotone symplectic manifold $M$, we define certain characteristic cohomology classes of the free loop space $L \text {Ham}(M, \omega)$ with values in $QH_* (M)$, and their $S^1$ equivariant version. These classes generalize the Seidel representation and satisfy versions of the axioms for Chern classes. In particular there is a Whitney sum formula, which gives rise to a graded ring homomorphism from the ring $H_{*} (L\text {Ham}(M, \omega), \mathbb{Q})$, with its Pontryagin product to $QH_{2n+*} (M)$ with its quantum product. As an application we prove an extension of a theorem of McDuff and Slimowitz on minimality in the Hofer metric of a semifree Hamiltonian circle action, to higher dimensional geometry of the loop space $L \text {Ham}(M, \omega)$.
math.SG
given a closed monotone symplectic manifold m we define certain characteristic cohomology classes of the free loop space l text hamm omega with values in qh_ m and their s1 equivariant version these classes generalize the seidel representation and satisfy versions of the axioms for chern classes in particular there is a whitney sum formula which gives rise to a graded ring homomorphism from the ring h_ ltext hamm omega mathbbq with its pontryagin product to qh_2n m with its quantum product as an application we prove an extension of a theorem of mcduff and slimowitz on minimality in the hofer metric of a semifree hamiltonian circle action to higher dimensional geometry of the loop space l text hamm omega
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709.4511
Seyfert's Sextet: A Slowly Dissolving Stephan's Quintet?
We present a multiwavelength study of the highly evolved compact galaxy group known as Seyfert's Sextet (HCG79: SS). We interpret SS as a 2-3 Gyr more evolved analog of Stephan's Quintet (HCG92: SQ). We postulate that SS formed by sequential acquisition of 4-5 primarily late-type field galaxies. Four of the five galaxies show an early-type morphology which is likely the result of secular evolution driven by gas stripping. Stellar stripping has produced a massive/luminous halo and embedded galaxies that are overluminous for their size. These are interpreted as remnant bulges of the accreted spirals. H79d could be interpreted as the most recent intruder being the only galaxy with an intact ISM and uncertain evidence for tidal perturbation. In addition to stripping activity we find evidence for past accretion events. H79b (NGC6027) shows a strong counter-rotating emission line component interpreted as an accreted dwarf spiral. H79a shows evidence for an infalling component of gas representing feedback or possible cross fueling by H79d. The biggest challenge to this scenario involves the low gas fraction in the group. If SS formed from normal field spirals then much of the gas is missing. Finally, despite its advanced stage of evolution, we find no evidence for major mergers and infer that SS (and SQ) are telling us that such groups coalesce via slow dissolution.
astro-ph
we present a multiwavelength study of the highly evolved compact galaxy group known as seyferts sextet hcg79 ss we interpret ss as a 23 gyr more evolved analog of stephans quintet hcg92 sq we postulate that ss formed by sequential acquisition of 45 primarily latetype field galaxies four of the five galaxies show an earlytype morphology which is likely the result of secular evolution driven by gas stripping stellar stripping has produced a massiveluminous halo and embedded galaxies that are overluminous for their size these are interpreted as remnant bulges of the accreted spirals h79d could be interpreted as the most recent intruder being the only galaxy with an intact ism and uncertain evidence for tidal perturbation in addition to stripping activity we find evidence for past accretion events h79b ngc6027 shows a strong counterrotating emission line component interpreted as an accreted dwarf spiral h79a shows evidence for an infalling component of gas representing feedback or possible cross fueling by h79d the biggest challenge to this scenario involves the low gas fraction in the group if ss formed from normal field spirals then much of the gas is missing finally despite its advanced stage of evolution we find no evidence for major mergers and infer that ss and sq are telling us that such groups coalesce via slow dissolution
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709.4512
X-ray Spectroscopy of the 2006 Outburst of RS Oph
We present the X-ray grating spectra of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi during its 2006 outburst, obtained with the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories. Two weeks after optical maximum, the X-ray spectrum was hard and dominated by emission lines of H-like and He-like ions. The X-ray luminosity was 2.4 x 10^36 erg s^-1 in the 0.33-10 keV range. The spectra indicate a collisionally dominated plasma with a broad range of temperatures. All the lines are blue-shifted, with the velocity shift increasing with lower ionization state and longer wavelength. Two weeks later, the spectrum was still dominated by emission lines, although the line ratios present indicate cooling. During this observation, a soft X-ray flare occurred in which a new system of higher velocity emission lines appeared in the soft end of the spectrum. The dominant component during the third month was the supersoft continuum with the broad absorption features of a hot white dwarf atmosphere. A preliminary model fit indicates a white dwarf temperature slightly exceeding 800,000 K. The X-ray luminosity reached at least 9 x 10^37 erg s^-1 in the 0.2-1 keV range, while the intrinsic nebular absorption decreased by a factor of five since the first observation. The spectral fits indicate a massive white dwarf, with a mass of at least 1.2 M_\odot. Therefore, RS Oph may be an important type Ia supernova progenitor. We show that the data are consistent with mass loss ending before day 54 after the outburst, and nuclear burning ending around day 69. A rapid decay in X-ray luminosity followed after week 10. The X-ray luminosity 5, 7 and 8 months after optical maximum dropped by more than two orders of magnitude. The spectra do not appear to consistent with emission from an accretion disk.
astro-ph
we present the xray grating spectra of the recurrent nova rs ophiuchi during its 2006 outburst obtained with the xmmnewton and chandra observatories two weeks after optical maximum the xray spectrum was hard and dominated by emission lines of hlike and helike ions the xray luminosity was 24 x 1036 erg s1 in the 03310 kev range the spectra indicate a collisionally dominated plasma with a broad range of temperatures all the lines are blueshifted with the velocity shift increasing with lower ionization state and longer wavelength two weeks later the spectrum was still dominated by emission lines although the line ratios present indicate cooling during this observation a soft xray flare occurred in which a new system of higher velocity emission lines appeared in the soft end of the spectrum the dominant component during the third month was the supersoft continuum with the broad absorption features of a hot white dwarf atmosphere a preliminary model fit indicates a white dwarf temperature slightly exceeding 800000 k the xray luminosity reached at least 9 x 1037 erg s1 in the 021 kev range while the intrinsic nebular absorption decreased by a factor of five since the first observation the spectral fits indicate a massive white dwarf with a mass of at least 12 m_odot therefore rs oph may be an important type ia supernova progenitor we show that the data are consistent with mass loss ending before day 54 after the outburst and nuclear burning ending around day 69 a rapid decay in xray luminosity followed after week 10 the xray luminosity 5 7 and 8 months after optical maximum dropped by more than two orders of magnitude the spectra do not appear to consistent with emission from an accretion disk
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709.4513
Scheduling and Pre-Conditioning in Multi-User MIMO TDD Systems
The downlink transmission in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has been extensively studied from both communication-theoretic and information-theoretic perspectives. Most of these papers assume perfect/imperfect channel knowledge. In general, the problem of channel training and estimation is studied separately. However, in interference-limited communication systems with high mobility, this problem is tightly coupled with the problem of maximizing throughput of the system. In this paper, scheduling and pre-conditioning based schemes in the presence of reciprocal channel are considered to address this. In the case of homogeneous users, a scheduling scheme is proposed and an improved lower bound on the sum capacity is derived. The problem of choosing training sequence length to maximize net throughput of the system is studied. In the case of heterogeneous users, a modified pre-conditioning method is proposed and an optimized pre-conditioning matrix is derived. This method is combined with a scheduling scheme to further improve net achievable weighted-sum rate.
cs.IT math.IT
the downlink transmission in multiuser multipleinput multipleoutput mimo systems has been extensively studied from both communicationtheoretic and informationtheoretic perspectives most of these papers assume perfectimperfect channel knowledge in general the problem of channel training and estimation is studied separately however in interferencelimited communication systems with high mobility this problem is tightly coupled with the problem of maximizing throughput of the system in this paper scheduling and preconditioning based schemes in the presence of reciprocal channel are considered to address this in the case of homogeneous users a scheduling scheme is proposed and an improved lower bound on the sum capacity is derived the problem of choosing training sequence length to maximize net throughput of the system is studied in the case of heterogeneous users a modified preconditioning method is proposed and an optimized preconditioning matrix is derived this method is combined with a scheduling scheme to further improve net achievable weightedsum rate
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709.4514
An Improved Shashlyk Calorimeter
Shashlyk electromagnetic calorimeter modules with an energy resolution of about 3%/sqrt{E (GeV)} for 50-1000 MeV photons has been developed, and a prototype tested. Details of these improved modules, including mechanical construction, selection of wave shifting fibers and photo-detectors, and development of a new scintillator with improved optical and mechanical properties are described. How the modules will perform in a large calorimeter was determined from prototype measurements. The experimentally determined characteristics of the calorimeter prototype show energy resolution of sigma_E/E=(1.96+-0.1)% \oplus (2.74+-0.05)%/sqrt{E}, time resolution of sigma_T = (72+-4)/sqrt{E} \oplus (14+-2)/E (ps), where photon energy E is given in GeV units and \oplus means a quadratic summation. A punch-through inefficiency of photon detection was measured to be \epsilon = 5*10^{-5} (\Theta >5 mrad).
physics.ins-det
shashlyk electromagnetic calorimeter modules with an energy resolution of about 3sqrte gev for 501000 mev photons has been developed and a prototype tested details of these improved modules including mechanical construction selection of wave shifting fibers and photodetectors and development of a new scintillator with improved optical and mechanical properties are described how the modules will perform in a large calorimeter was determined from prototype measurements the experimentally determined characteristics of the calorimeter prototype show energy resolution of sigma_ee19601 oplus 274005sqrte time resolution of sigma_t 724sqrte oplus 142e ps where photon energy e is given in gev units and oplus means a quadratic summation a punchthrough inefficiency of photon detection was measured to be epsilon 5105 theta 5 mrad
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709.4515
Nilpotent orbits in classical Lie algebras over $\textbf{F}_{2^n}$ and the Springer correspondence
We give the number of nilpotent orbits in the Lie algebras of orthogonal groups under the adjoint action of the groups over $\tF_{2^n}$. Let $G$ be an adjoint algebraic group of type $B,C$ or $D$ defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. We construct the Springer correspondence for the nilpotent variety in the Lie algebra of $G$.
math.RT
we give the number of nilpotent orbits in the lie algebras of orthogonal groups under the adjoint action of the groups over tf_2n let g be an adjoint algebraic group of type bc or d defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2 we construct the springer correspondence for the nilpotent variety in the lie algebra of g
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709.4516
Quantum formalism to describe binocular rivalry
On the basis of the general character and operation of the process of perception, a formalism is sought to mathematically describe the subjective or abstract/mental process of perception. It is shown that the formalism of orthodox quantum theory of measurement, where the observer plays a key role, is a broader mathematical foundation which can be adopted to describe the dynamics of the subjective experience. The mathematical formalism describes the psychophysical dynamics of the subjective or cognitive experience as communicated to us by the subject. Subsequently, the formalism is used to describe simple perception processes and, in particular, to describe the probability distribution of dominance duration obtained from the testimony of subjects experiencing binocular rivalry. Using this theory and parameters based on known values of neuronal oscillation frequencies and firing rates, the calculated probability distribution of dominance duration of rival states in binocular rivalry under various conditions is found to be in good agreement with available experimental data. This theory naturally explains an observed marked increase in dominance duration in binocular rivalry upon periodic interruption of stimulus and yields testable predictions for the distribution of perceptual alteration in time.
q-bio.NC
on the basis of the general character and operation of the process of perception a formalism is sought to mathematically describe the subjective or abstractmental process of perception it is shown that the formalism of orthodox quantum theory of measurement where the observer plays a key role is a broader mathematical foundation which can be adopted to describe the dynamics of the subjective experience the mathematical formalism describes the psychophysical dynamics of the subjective or cognitive experience as communicated to us by the subject subsequently the formalism is used to describe simple perception processes and in particular to describe the probability distribution of dominance duration obtained from the testimony of subjects experiencing binocular rivalry using this theory and parameters based on known values of neuronal oscillation frequencies and firing rates the calculated probability distribution of dominance duration of rival states in binocular rivalry under various conditions is found to be in good agreement with available experimental data this theory naturally explains an observed marked increase in dominance duration in binocular rivalry upon periodic interruption of stimulus and yields testable predictions for the distribution of perceptual alteration in time
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709.4517
Focal Plane Instrumentation of VERITAS
VERITAS is a new atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope array to detect very high energy gamma rays above 100 GeV. The array is located in southern Arizona, USA, at an altitude of 1268m above sea level. The array consists of four 12-m telescopes of Davies-Cotton design and structurally resembling the Whipple 10-m telescope. The four focal plane instruments are equipped with high-resolution (499 pixels) fast photo-multiplier-tube (PMT) cameras covering a 3.5 degree field of view with 0.15 degree pixel separation. Light concentrators reduce the dead-space between PMTs to 25% and shield the PMTs from ambient light. The PMTs are connected to high-speed preamplifiers allowing operation at modest anode current and giving good single photoelectron peaks in situ. Electronics in the focus box provides real-time monitoring of the anode currents for each pixel and ambient environmental conditions. A charge injection subsystem installed in the focus box allows daytime testing of the trigger and data acquisition system by injecting pulses of variable amplitude and length directly into the photomultiplier preamplifiers. A brief description of the full VERITAS focal plane instrument is given in this paper.
astro-ph
veritas is a new atmospheric cherenkov imaging telescope array to detect very high energy gamma rays above 100 gev the array is located in southern arizona usa at an altitude of 1268m above sea level the array consists of four 12m telescopes of daviescotton design and structurally resembling the whipple 10m telescope the four focal plane instruments are equipped with highresolution 499 pixels fast photomultipliertube pmt cameras covering a 35 degree field of view with 015 degree pixel separation light concentrators reduce the deadspace between pmts to 25 and shield the pmts from ambient light the pmts are connected to highspeed preamplifiers allowing operation at modest anode current and giving good single photoelectron peaks in situ electronics in the focus box provides realtime monitoring of the anode currents for each pixel and ambient environmental conditions a charge injection subsystem installed in the focus box allows daytime testing of the trigger and data acquisition system by injecting pulses of variable amplitude and length directly into the photomultiplier preamplifiers a brief description of the full veritas focal plane instrument is given in this paper
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709.4518
Algebraic shifting of strongly edge decomposable spheres
Recently, Nevo introduced the notion of strongly edge decomposable spheres. In this paper, we characterize the algebraic shifted complex of those spheres. Algebraically, this result yields the characterization of the generic initial ideal of the Stanley--Reisner ideal of Gorenstein* complexes having the strong Lefschetz property in characteristic 0.
math.CO math.AC
recently nevo introduced the notion of strongly edge decomposable spheres in this paper we characterize the algebraic shifted complex of those spheres algebraically this result yields the characterization of the generic initial ideal of the stanleyreisner ideal of gorenstein complexes having the strong lefschetz property in characteristic 0
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709.4519
SUSY QCD Corrections to Associated Higgs-bottom Quark Production
The associated production of a Higgs boson with a b quark is a discovery mode for an MSSM Higgs boson at large tan beta. We compute the SUSY QCD corrections from gluino and squark loops to this process and combine them with the order alpha_s^2 NLO QCD corrections to obtain reliable predictions for the rate. Finally, we compare our results with an effective Lagrangian approximation which includes only the low energy corrections from squark and gluino loops to the b- bbar- Higgs vertices.
hep-ph
the associated production of a higgs boson with a b quark is a discovery mode for an mssm higgs boson at large tan beta we compute the susy qcd corrections from gluino and squark loops to this process and combine them with the order alpha_s2 nlo qcd corrections to obtain reliable predictions for the rate finally we compare our results with an effective lagrangian approximation which includes only the low energy corrections from squark and gluino loops to the b bbar higgs vertices
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709.452
Dependence of quantum correlations of twin beams on pump finesse of optical parametric oscillator
The dependence of quantum correlation of twin beams on the pump finesse of an optical parametric oscillator is studied with a semi-classical analysis. It is found that the phase-sum correlation of the output signal and idler beams from an optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold depends on the finesse of the pump field when the spurious pump phase noise generated inside the optical cavity and the excess noise of the input pump field are involved in the Langevin equations. The theoretical calculations can explain the previously experimental results, quantitatively.
gr-qc quant-ph
the dependence of quantum correlation of twin beams on the pump finesse of an optical parametric oscillator is studied with a semiclassical analysis it is found that the phasesum correlation of the output signal and idler beams from an optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold depends on the finesse of the pump field when the spurious pump phase noise generated inside the optical cavity and the excess noise of the input pump field are involved in the langevin equations the theoretical calculations can explain the previously experimental results quantitatively
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709.4521
Do we need to know the temperature in prestellar cores?
Molecular line observations of starless (prestellar) cores combined with a chemical evolution modeling and radiative transfer calculations are a powerful tool to study the earliest stages of star formation. However, conclusions drawn from such a modeling may noticeably depend on the assumed thermal structure of the cores. The assumption of isothermality, which may work well in chemo-dynamical studies, becomes a critical factor in molecular line formation simulations. We argue that even small temperature variations, which are likely to exist in starless cores, can have a non-negligible effect on the interpretation of molecular line data and derived core properties. In particular, ``chemically pristine'' isothermal cores (low depletion) can have centrally peaked C$^{18}$O and C$^{34}$S radial intensity profiles, while having ring-like intensity distributions in models with a colder center and/or warmer envelope assuming the same underlying chemical structure. Therefore, derived molecular abundances based on oversimplified thermal models may lead to a mis-interpretation of the line data.
astro-ph
molecular line observations of starless prestellar cores combined with a chemical evolution modeling and radiative transfer calculations are a powerful tool to study the earliest stages of star formation however conclusions drawn from such a modeling may noticeably depend on the assumed thermal structure of the cores the assumption of isothermality which may work well in chemodynamical studies becomes a critical factor in molecular line formation simulations we argue that even small temperature variations which are likely to exist in starless cores can have a nonnegligible effect on the interpretation of molecular line data and derived core properties in particular chemically pristine isothermal cores low depletion can have centrally peaked c18o and c34s radial intensity profiles while having ringlike intensity distributions in models with a colder center andor warmer envelope assuming the same underlying chemical structure therefore derived molecular abundances based on oversimplified thermal models may lead to a misinterpretation of the line data
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709.4522
Path Integral Quantization of Self Interacting Scalar Field with Higher Derivatives
Scalar field systems containing higher derivatives are studied and quantized by Hamiltonian path integral formalism. A new point to previous quantization methods is that field functions and their derivatives with time are considered as independent canonical variables. Consequently, generating functional, explicit expressions of propagators and Feynman diagrams in $\phi^3$ theory are found
hep-th
scalar field systems containing higher derivatives are studied and quantized by hamiltonian path integral formalism a new point to previous quantization methods is that field functions and their derivatives with time are considered as independent canonical variables consequently generating functional explicit expressions of propagators and feynman diagrams in phi3 theory are found
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709.4523
A note on lattices in semi-stable representations
Let p>2 be a prime, K a finite extension over Q_p and G :=Gal(\bar K/K). We extend Kisin's theory on \phi-modules of finite E(u)-height to give a new classification of G-stable Z_p-lattices in semi-stable representations
math.NT math.AG
let p2 be a prime k a finite extension over q_p and g galbar kk we extend kisins theory on phimodules of finite euheight to give a new classification of gstable z_plattices in semistable representations
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709.4524
Systematic study of trace radioactive impurities in candidate construction materials for EXO-200
The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) will search for double beta decays of 136Xe. We report the results of a systematic study of trace concentrations of radioactive impurities in a wide range of raw materials and finished parts considered for use in the construction of EXO-200, the first stage of the EXO experimental program. Analysis techniques employed, and described here, include direct gamma counting, alpha counting, neutron activation analysis, and high-sensitivity mass spectrometry.
physics.ins-det nucl-ex
the enriched xenon observatory exo will search for double beta decays of 136xe we report the results of a systematic study of trace concentrations of radioactive impurities in a wide range of raw materials and finished parts considered for use in the construction of exo200 the first stage of the exo experimental program analysis techniques employed and described here include direct gamma counting alpha counting neutron activation analysis and highsensitivity mass spectrometry
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709.4525
A global DGLAP analysis of nuclear PDFs
In this talk, we shortly report results from our recent global DGLAP analysis of nuclear parton distributions. This is an extension of our former EKS98-analysis improved with an automated $\chi^2$ minimization procedure and uncertainty estimates. Although our new analysis show no significant deviation from EKS98, a sign of a significantly stronger gluon shadowing could be seen in the RHIC BRAHMS data.
hep-ph
in this talk we shortly report results from our recent global dglap analysis of nuclear parton distributions this is an extension of our former eks98analysis improved with an automated chi2 minimization procedure and uncertainty estimates although our new analysis show no significant deviation from eks98 a sign of a significantly stronger gluon shadowing could be seen in the rhic brahms data
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709.4526
Exploring the origin of neutron star magnetic field: magnetic properties of the progenitor OB stars
Ferrario & Wickramasinghe (2006) explored the hypothesis that the magnetic fields of neutron stars are of fossil origin. In this context, they predicted the field distribution of the progenitor OB stars, finding that 5 per cent of main sequence massive stars should have fields in excess of 1kG. We have carried out sensitive ESPaDOnS spectropolarimetric observations to search for direct evidence of such fields in all massive B- and O-type stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster star-forming region. We have detected unambiguous Stokes V Zeeman signatures in spectra of three out of the eight stars observed (38%). Using a new state-of-the-art Bayesian analysis, we infer the presence of strong (kG), organised magnetic fields in their photospheres. For the remaining five stars, we constrain any dipolar fields in the photosphere to be weaker than about 200G. Statistically, the chance of finding three ~kG fields in a sample of eight OB stars is quite low (less than 1%) if the predictions of Ferrario & Wickramasinghe are correct. This implies that either the magnetic fields of neutron stars are not of fossil origin, that the flux-evolution model of Ferrario & Wickramasinghe is incomplete, or that the ONC has unusual magnetic properties. We are undertaking a study of other young star clusters, in order to better explore these possibilities.
astro-ph
ferrario wickramasinghe 2006 explored the hypothesis that the magnetic fields of neutron stars are of fossil origin in this context they predicted the field distribution of the progenitor ob stars finding that 5 per cent of main sequence massive stars should have fields in excess of 1kg we have carried out sensitive espadons spectropolarimetric observations to search for direct evidence of such fields in all massive b and otype stars in the orion nebula cluster starforming region we have detected unambiguous stokes v zeeman signatures in spectra of three out of the eight stars observed 38 using a new stateoftheart bayesian analysis we infer the presence of strong kg organised magnetic fields in their photospheres for the remaining five stars we constrain any dipolar fields in the photosphere to be weaker than about 200g statistically the chance of finding three kg fields in a sample of eight ob stars is quite low less than 1 if the predictions of ferrario wickramasinghe are correct this implies that either the magnetic fields of neutron stars are not of fossil origin that the fluxevolution model of ferrario wickramasinghe is incomplete or that the onc has unusual magnetic properties we are undertaking a study of other young star clusters in order to better explore these possibilities
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709.4527
Impurity resonance states in electron-doped high T_c superconductors
Two scenarios, i.e., the anisotropic s-wave pairing (the s-wave scenario) and the d-wave pairing coexisting with antiferromagnetism (the coexisting scenario) have been introduced to understand some of seemingly s-wave like behaviors in electron doped cuprates. We considered the electronic structure in the presence of a nonmagnetic impurity in the coexistence scenario. We found that even if the AF order opens a full gap in quasi-particle excitation spectra, the mid-gap resonant peaks in local density of states (LDoS) around an impurity can still be observed in the presence of a d-wave pairing gap. The features of the impurity states in the coexisting phase are markedly different from the pure AF or pure d-wave pairing phases, showing the unique role of the coexisting AF and d-wave pairing orders. On the other hand, it is known that in the pure s-wave case no mid-gap states can be induced by a nonmagnetic impurity. Therefore we proposed that the response to a nonmagnetic impurity can be used to differentiate the two scenarios.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
two scenarios ie the anisotropic swave pairing the swave scenario and the dwave pairing coexisting with antiferromagnetism the coexisting scenario have been introduced to understand some of seemingly swave like behaviors in electron doped cuprates we considered the electronic structure in the presence of a nonmagnetic impurity in the coexistence scenario we found that even if the af order opens a full gap in quasiparticle excitation spectra the midgap resonant peaks in local density of states ldos around an impurity can still be observed in the presence of a dwave pairing gap the features of the impurity states in the coexisting phase are markedly different from the pure af or pure dwave pairing phases showing the unique role of the coexisting af and dwave pairing orders on the other hand it is known that in the pure swave case no midgap states can be induced by a nonmagnetic impurity therefore we proposed that the response to a nonmagnetic impurity can be used to differentiate the two scenarios
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709.4528
Quasi-Exactly Solvable Schr\"odinger Operators in Three Dimensions
The main contribution of our paper is to give a partial classification of the quasi-exactly solvable Lie algebras of first order differential operators in three variables, and to show how this can be applied to the construction of new quasi-exactly solvable Schr\"odinger operators in three dimensions.
math.DG math-ph math.MP nlin.SI
the main contribution of our paper is to give a partial classification of the quasiexactly solvable lie algebras of first order differential operators in three variables and to show how this can be applied to the construction of new quasiexactly solvable schrodinger operators in three dimensions
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709.4529
On the neighbor spacing of eigenvalues of unitary matrices
We describe a subtle error which can appear in numerical calculations involving the spacing statistics of eigenvalues of random unitary matrices.
math-ph math.MP math.NT
we describe a subtle error which can appear in numerical calculations involving the spacing statistics of eigenvalues of random unitary matrices
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709.453
Isotopic shift in angle-resolved photoemission spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 due to quadratic electron-phonon coupling
In connection with the experiment on oxygen isotope effect of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 with the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we theoretically study the isotope-induced band shift in ARPES by the Hartree-Fork and quantum Monte Carlo methods. We find that this band shift can be clarified based on a quadratically coupled electron-phonon (e-ph) model. The large ratio of band shift versus phonon energy change is connected with the softening effect of phonon, and the positive-negative sign change is due to the momentum dependence of the e-ph coupling.
cond-mat.str-el
in connection with the experiment on oxygen isotope effect of bi2sr2cacu2o8 with the angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy arpes we theoretically study the isotopeinduced band shift in arpes by the hartreefork and quantum monte carlo methods we find that this band shift can be clarified based on a quadratically coupled electronphonon eph model the large ratio of band shift versus phonon energy change is connected with the softening effect of phonon and the positivenegative sign change is due to the momentum dependence of the eph coupling
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709.4531
A Problem with the Clustering of Recent Measures of the Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud
The distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has long been of key importance for the distance ladder and the distances to all galaxies, and as such many groups have provided measurements of its distance modulus (\mu) with many methods and various means of calibrating each method. Before the year 2001, the many measures spanned a wide range (roughly 18.1 < \mu < 18.8) with the quoted error bars being substantially smaller than the spread, and hence the consensus conclusion being that many of the measures had their uncertainties being dominated by unrecognized systematic problems. In 2001, the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project (HSTKP) on the distance scale made an extensive analysis of earlier results and adopted the reasonable conclusion that the distance modulus is 18.50+-0.10 mag, and the community has generally accepted this widely popularized value. After 2002, 31 independent papers have reported new distance measures to the LMC, and these cluster tightly around \mu=18.50 mag. Indeed, these measures cluster too tightly around the HSTKP value, with 68% of the measures being within 0.5-sigma of 18.50 mag. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test proves that this concentration deviates from the expected Gaussian distribution at a >3-sigma probability level. This concentration is a symptom of a worrisome problem. Interpretations considered include correlations between papers, widespread over-estimation of error bars, and band-wagon effects. This note is to alert workers in the field that this is a serious problem that should be addressed.
astro-ph
the distance to the large magellanic cloud lmc has long been of key importance for the distance ladder and the distances to all galaxies and as such many groups have provided measurements of its distance modulus mu with many methods and various means of calibrating each method before the year 2001 the many measures spanned a wide range roughly 181 mu 188 with the quoted error bars being substantially smaller than the spread and hence the consensus conclusion being that many of the measures had their uncertainties being dominated by unrecognized systematic problems in 2001 the hubble space telescope key project hstkp on the distance scale made an extensive analysis of earlier results and adopted the reasonable conclusion that the distance modulus is 1850010 mag and the community has generally accepted this widely popularized value after 2002 31 independent papers have reported new distance measures to the lmc and these cluster tightly around mu1850 mag indeed these measures cluster too tightly around the hstkp value with 68 of the measures being within 05sigma of 1850 mag a kolmogorovsmirnov test proves that this concentration deviates from the expected gaussian distribution at a 3sigma probability level this concentration is a symptom of a worrisome problem interpretations considered include correlations between papers widespread overestimation of error bars and bandwagon effects this note is to alert workers in the field that this is a serious problem that should be addressed
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709.4532
Low radio frequency signatures of ram pressure stripping in Virgo spiral NGC 4254
We report the detection of extended low radio frequency continuum emission beyond the optical disk of the spiral galaxy NGC 4254 using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. NGC 4254, which has an almost face-on orientation, is located in the outskirts of the Virgo cluster. Since such extended emission is uncommon in low inclination galaxies, we believe it is a signature of magnetised plasma pushed out of the disk by ram pressure of the intracluster medium as NGC 4254 falls into the Virgo cluster. The detailed spectral index distribution across NGC 4254 shows that the steepest spectrum alpha < -1 (S propto nu^{alpha}) arises in the gas beyond the optical disk. This lends support to the ram pressure scenario by indicating that the extended emission is not from the disk gas but from matter which has been stripped by ram pressure. The steeper spectrum of the extended emission is reminiscent of haloes in edge-on galaxies. The sharp fall in intensity and enhanced polarization in the south of the galaxy, in addition to enhanced star formation reported by others provide evidence towards the efficacy of ram pressure on this galaxy. HI 21cm observations show that the gas in the north lags in rotation and hence is likely the atomic gas which is carried along with the wind. NGC 4254 is a particularly strong radio emitter with a power of 7x10^{22} Watts/Hz at 240 MHz. We find that the integrated spectrum of the galaxy flattens at lower frequencies and is well explained by an injection spectrum with alpha_0=-0.45+-0.12. We end by comparing published simulation results with our data and conclude that ram pressure stripping is likely to be a significant contributor to evolution of galaxies residing in X-ray poor groups and cluster outskirts.
astro-ph
we report the detection of extended low radio frequency continuum emission beyond the optical disk of the spiral galaxy ngc 4254 using the giant metrewave radio telescope ngc 4254 which has an almost faceon orientation is located in the outskirts of the virgo cluster since such extended emission is uncommon in low inclination galaxies we believe it is a signature of magnetised plasma pushed out of the disk by ram pressure of the intracluster medium as ngc 4254 falls into the virgo cluster the detailed spectral index distribution across ngc 4254 shows that the steepest spectrum alpha 1 s propto nualpha arises in the gas beyond the optical disk this lends support to the ram pressure scenario by indicating that the extended emission is not from the disk gas but from matter which has been stripped by ram pressure the steeper spectrum of the extended emission is reminiscent of haloes in edgeon galaxies the sharp fall in intensity and enhanced polarization in the south of the galaxy in addition to enhanced star formation reported by others provide evidence towards the efficacy of ram pressure on this galaxy hi 21cm observations show that the gas in the north lags in rotation and hence is likely the atomic gas which is carried along with the wind ngc 4254 is a particularly strong radio emitter with a power of 7x1022 wattshz at 240 mhz we find that the integrated spectrum of the galaxy flattens at lower frequencies and is well explained by an injection spectrum with alpha_0045012 we end by comparing published simulation results with our data and conclude that ram pressure stripping is likely to be a significant contributor to evolution of galaxies residing in xray poor groups and cluster outskirts
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709.4533
Some results on Gaussian Besov-Lipschitz spaces and Gaussian Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
In this paper we define Besov-Lipschitz and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces in the context of Gaussian harmonic analysis, the harmonic analysis of Hermite polynomial expansions. We study inclusion relations among them, some interpolation results and continuity results of some important operators (the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and the Poisson-Hermite semigroups and the Bessel potentials) on them. We also prove that the Gaussian Sobolev spaces $L^p_\alpha(\gamma_d)$ are contained in them. The proofs are general enough to allow extensions of these results to the case of Laguerre or Jacobi expansions and even further in the general framework of diffusions semigroups.
math.CA math.AP
in this paper we define besovlipschitz and triebellizorkin spaces in the context of gaussian harmonic analysis the harmonic analysis of hermite polynomial expansions we study inclusion relations among them some interpolation results and continuity results of some important operators the ornsteinuhlenbeck and the poissonhermite semigroups and the bessel potentials on them we also prove that the gaussian sobolev spaces lp_alphagamma_d are contained in them the proofs are general enough to allow extensions of these results to the case of laguerre or jacobi expansions and even further in the general framework of diffusions semigroups
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709.4534
Hausdorff dimension of the set of singular pairs
In this paper we show that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of singular pairs is 4/3. We also show that the action of diag(e^t,e^t,e^{-2t}) on SL(3,R)/SL(3,Z) admits divergent trajectories that exit to infinity at arbitrarily slow prescribed rates, answering a question of A.N. Starkov. As a by-product of the analysis, we obtain a higher dimensional generalisation of the basic inequalities satisfied by convergents of continued fractions. As an illustration of the techniques used to compute Hausdorff dimension, we show that the set of real numbers with divergent partial quotients has Hausdorff dimension 1/2.
math.DS math.NT
in this paper we show that the hausdorff dimension of the set of singular pairs is 43 we also show that the action of diagetete2t on sl3rsl3z admits divergent trajectories that exit to infinity at arbitrarily slow prescribed rates answering a question of an starkov as a byproduct of the analysis we obtain a higher dimensional generalisation of the basic inequalities satisfied by convergents of continued fractions as an illustration of the techniques used to compute hausdorff dimension we show that the set of real numbers with divergent partial quotients has hausdorff dimension 12
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