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710.1353
Exact Numerical Study of Pair Formation with Imbalanced Fermion Populations
We present an exact Quantum Monte Carlo study of the attractive 1-dimensional Hubbard model with imbalanced fermion population. The pair-pair correlation function, which decays monotonically in the absence of polarization P, develops oscillations when P is nonzero, characteristic of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase. The pair momentum distribution peaks at a momentum equal to the difference in the Fermi momenta. At strong coupling, the minority and majority momentum distributions are shown to be deformed, reflecting the presence of the other species, and its Fermi surface. The FFLO oscillations survive the presence of a confining potential, and the local polarization at the trap center exhibits a marked dip, similar to that observed experimentally.
cond-mat.str-el
we present an exact quantum monte carlo study of the attractive 1dimensional hubbard model with imbalanced fermion population the pairpair correlation function which decays monotonically in the absence of polarization p develops oscillations when p is nonzero characteristic of fuldeferrelllarkinovchinnikov phase the pair momentum distribution peaks at a momentum equal to the difference in the fermi momenta at strong coupling the minority and majority momentum distributions are shown to be deformed reflecting the presence of the other species and its fermi surface the fflo oscillations survive the presence of a confining potential and the local polarization at the trap center exhibits a marked dip similar to that observed experimentally
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710.1354
On the Newman sum over multiples of a prime with a primitive or semiprimitive root 2
We obtain a simple relations for the Newman sum over multiples of a prime with a primitive or semiprimitive root 2. We consider the case of p=17 as well.
math.NT
we obtain a simple relations for the newman sum over multiples of a prime with a primitive or semiprimitive root 2 we consider the case of p17 as well
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710.1355
Studies on the Lorenz model
We study the Lorenz model from the viewpoint of its accessible singularities and local index.
math.AG
we study the lorenz model from the viewpoint of its accessible singularities and local index
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710.1356
Quantum Monte Carlo Study of a Dynamic Hubbard Model
The `dynamic' Hubbard Hamiltonian describes interacting fermions on a lattice whose on-site repulsion is modulated by a coupling to a fluctuating bosonic field. We investigate one such model, introduced by Hirsch, using the determinant Quantum Monte Carlo method. Our key result is that the extended s-wave pairing vertex, repulsive in the usual static Hubbard model, becomes attractive as the coupling to the fluctuating Bose field increases. The sign problem prevents us from exploring a low enough temperature to see if a superconducting transition occurs. We also observe a stabilization of antiferromagnetic correlations and the Mott gap near half-filling, and a near linear behavior of the energy as a function of particle density which indicates a tendency toward phase separation.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
the dynamic hubbard hamiltonian describes interacting fermions on a lattice whose onsite repulsion is modulated by a coupling to a fluctuating bosonic field we investigate one such model introduced by hirsch using the determinant quantum monte carlo method our key result is that the extended swave pairing vertex repulsive in the usual static hubbard model becomes attractive as the coupling to the fluctuating bose field increases the sign problem prevents us from exploring a low enough temperature to see if a superconducting transition occurs we also observe a stabilization of antiferromagnetic correlations and the mott gap near halffilling and a near linear behavior of the energy as a function of particle density which indicates a tendency toward phase separation
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710.1357
Does Sex Induce a Phase Transition?
We discovered a dynamic phase transition induced by sexual reproduction. The dynamics is a pure Darwinian rule with both fundamental ingredients to drive evolution: 1) random mutations and crossings which act in the sense of increasing the entropy (or diversity); and 2) selection which acts in the opposite sense by limiting the entropy explosion. Selection wins this competition if mutations performed at birth are few enough. By slowly increasing the average number m of mutations, however, the population suddenly undergoes a mutational degradation precisely at a transition point mc. Above this point, the "bad" alleles spread over the genetic pool of the population, overcoming the selection pressure. Individuals become selectively alike, and evolution stops. Only below this point, m < mc, evolutionary life is possible. The finite-size-scaling behaviour of this transition is exhibited for large enough "chromosome" lengths L. One important and surprising observation is the L-independence of the transition curves, for large L. They are also independent on the population size. Another is that mc is near unity, i.e. life cannot be stable with much more than one mutation per diploid genome, independent of the chromosome length, in agreement with reality. One possible consequence is that an eventual evolutionary jump towards larger L enabling the storage of more genetic information would demand an improved DNA copying machinery in order to keep the same total number of mutations per offspring.
q-bio.PE cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph
we discovered a dynamic phase transition induced by sexual reproduction the dynamics is a pure darwinian rule with both fundamental ingredients to drive evolution 1 random mutations and crossings which act in the sense of increasing the entropy or diversity and 2 selection which acts in the opposite sense by limiting the entropy explosion selection wins this competition if mutations performed at birth are few enough by slowly increasing the average number m of mutations however the population suddenly undergoes a mutational degradation precisely at a transition point mc above this point the bad alleles spread over the genetic pool of the population overcoming the selection pressure individuals become selectively alike and evolution stops only below this point m mc evolutionary life is possible the finitesizescaling behaviour of this transition is exhibited for large enough chromosome lengths l one important and surprising observation is the lindependence of the transition curves for large l they are also independent on the population size another is that mc is near unity ie life cannot be stable with much more than one mutation per diploid genome independent of the chromosome length in agreement with reality one possible consequence is that an eventual evolutionary jump towards larger l enabling the storage of more genetic information would demand an improved dna copying machinery in order to keep the same total number of mutations per offspring
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710.1358
Nodal solutions to quasilinear elliptic equations on compact Riemannian manifolds
We show the existence of nodal solutions to perturbed quasilinear elliptic equations with critical Sobolev exponent on compact Riemannian manifolds. A nonexistence result is also given.
math.AP
we show the existence of nodal solutions to perturbed quasilinear elliptic equations with critical sobolev exponent on compact riemannian manifolds a nonexistence result is also given
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710.1359
The Fractal Density Structure in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence: Solenoidal versus Compressive Energy Injection
In a systematic study, we compare the density statistics in high resolution numerical experiments of supersonic isothermal turbulence, driven by the usually adopted solenoidal (divergence-free) forcing and by compressive (curl-free) forcing. We find that for the same rms Mach number, compressive forcing produces much stronger density enhancements and larger voids compared to solenoidal forcing. Consequently, the Fourier spectra of density fluctuations are significantly steeper. This result is confirmed using the Delta-variance analysis, which yields power-law exponents beta~3.4 for compressive forcing and beta~2.8 for solenoidal forcing. We obtain fractal dimension estimates from the density spectra and Delta-variance scaling, and by using the box counting, mass size and perimeter area methods applied to the volumetric data, projections and slices of our turbulent density fields. Our results suggest that compressive forcing yields fractal dimensions significantly smaller compared to solenoidal forcing. However, the actual values depend sensitively on the adopted method, with the most reliable estimates based on the Delta-variance, or equivalently, on Fourier spectra. Using these methods, we obtain D~2.3 for compressive and D~2.6 for solenoidal forcing, which is within the range of fractal dimension estimates inferred from observations (D~2.0-2.7). The velocity dispersion to size relations for both solenoidal and compressive forcing obtained from velocity spectra follow a power law with exponents in the range 0.4-0.5, in good agreement with previous studies.
astro-ph
in a systematic study we compare the density statistics in high resolution numerical experiments of supersonic isothermal turbulence driven by the usually adopted solenoidal divergencefree forcing and by compressive curlfree forcing we find that for the same rms mach number compressive forcing produces much stronger density enhancements and larger voids compared to solenoidal forcing consequently the fourier spectra of density fluctuations are significantly steeper this result is confirmed using the deltavariance analysis which yields powerlaw exponents beta34 for compressive forcing and beta28 for solenoidal forcing we obtain fractal dimension estimates from the density spectra and deltavariance scaling and by using the box counting mass size and perimeter area methods applied to the volumetric data projections and slices of our turbulent density fields our results suggest that compressive forcing yields fractal dimensions significantly smaller compared to solenoidal forcing however the actual values depend sensitively on the adopted method with the most reliable estimates based on the deltavariance or equivalently on fourier spectra using these methods we obtain d23 for compressive and d26 for solenoidal forcing which is within the range of fractal dimension estimates inferred from observations d2027 the velocity dispersion to size relations for both solenoidal and compressive forcing obtained from velocity spectra follow a power law with exponents in the range 0405 in good agreement with previous studies
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710.136
Complementary self-similarity
A few aspects of self-similarity related to complementary components of closed subsets of R^n are briefly discussed.
math.CA
a few aspects of selfsimilarity related to complementary components of closed subsets of rn are briefly discussed
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710.1361
Blow-up rate for a semi-linear accretive wave equation
In this paper we consider the semi-linear wave equation: $u_{tt}-\Delta u=u_t|u_t|^{p-1}$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$. We provide an associated energy. With this energy we give the blow-up rate for blowing up solutions in the case of bounded below energy.
math-ph math.MP
in this paper we consider the semilinear wave equation u_ttdelta uu_tu_tp1 in mathbbrn we provide an associated energy with this energy we give the blowup rate for blowing up solutions in the case of bounded below energy
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710.1362
Smeared BTZ Black Hole from Space Noncommutativity
We study a novel phenomena of smearing of black hole horizons from the effect of space noncommutativity. We present an explicit example in $AdS_3$ space, using the Chern-Simons formulation of gravity. This produces a smeared BTZ black hole which goes beyond the classical spacetime unexpectedly and there is {\it no} reality problem in our approach with the gauge group $U(1,1) \times U(1,1)$. The horizons are smeared, due to a splitting of the Killing horizon and the apparent horizon, and there is a metric signature change to Euclidean in the smeared region. The inner boundary of the smeared region acts as a trapped surface for timelike particles but the outer as a classical barrier for ingoing particles. The lightlike signals can escape from or reach the smeared region in a {\it finite} time, which indicates that {\it the black hole is not so dark, even classically.} In addition, it is remarked that the Hawking temperature can {\it not} be defined by the regularity in the Euclidean geometry except in the non-rotating case, and the origin can be smeared by a {\it new} (apparent) horizon.
hep-th gr-qc
we study a novel phenomena of smearing of black hole horizons from the effect of space noncommutativity we present an explicit example in ads_3 space using the chernsimons formulation of gravity this produces a smeared btz black hole which goes beyond the classical spacetime unexpectedly and there is it no reality problem in our approach with the gauge group u11 times u11 the horizons are smeared due to a splitting of the killing horizon and the apparent horizon and there is a metric signature change to euclidean in the smeared region the inner boundary of the smeared region acts as a trapped surface for timelike particles but the outer as a classical barrier for ingoing particles the lightlike signals can escape from or reach the smeared region in a it finite time which indicates that it the black hole is not so dark even classically in addition it is remarked that the hawking temperature can it not be defined by the regularity in the euclidean geometry except in the nonrotating case and the origin can be smeared by a it new apparent horizon
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710.1363
The influence of the structure imperfectness of a crystalline undulator on the emission spectrum
We study the influence of an imperfect structure of a crystalline undulator on the spectrum of the undulator radiation. The main attention is paid to the undulators in which the periodic bending in the bulk appears as a result of a regular (periodic) surface deformations. We demonstrate that this method of preparation of a crystalline undulator inevitably leads to a variation of the bending amplitude over the crystal thickness and to the presence of the subharmonics with smaller bending period. Both of these features noticeably influence the monochromatic pattern of the undulator radiation.
physics.acc-ph
we study the influence of an imperfect structure of a crystalline undulator on the spectrum of the undulator radiation the main attention is paid to the undulators in which the periodic bending in the bulk appears as a result of a regular periodic surface deformations we demonstrate that this method of preparation of a crystalline undulator inevitably leads to a variation of the bending amplitude over the crystal thickness and to the presence of the subharmonics with smaller bending period both of these features noticeably influence the monochromatic pattern of the undulator radiation
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710.1364
Boltzmann distribution of free energies in a finite-connectivity spin-glass system and the cavity approach
At sufficiently low temperatures, the configurational phase space of a large spin-glass system breaks into many separated domains, each of which is referred to as a macroscopic state. The system is able to visit all spin configurations of the same macroscopic state, while it can not spontaneously jump between two different macroscopic states. Ergodicity of the whole configurational phase space of the system, however, can be recovered if a temperature-annealing process is repeated an infinite number of times. In a heating-annealing cycle, the environmental temperature is first elevated to a high level and then decreased extremely slowly until a final low temperature $T$ is reached. Different macroscopic states may be reached in different rounds of the annealing experiment; while the probability of finding the system in macroscopic state $\alpha$ decreases exponentially with the free energy $F_\alpha(T)$ of this state. For finite-connectivity spin glass systems, we use this free energy Boltzmann distribution to formulate the cavity approach of M{\'{e}}zard and Parisi [Eur. Phys. J. B {\bf 20}, 217 (2001)] in a slightly different form. For the $\pm J$ spin-glass model on a random regular graph of degree K=6, the predictions of the present work agree with earlier simulational and theoretical results.
cond-mat.dis-nn
at sufficiently low temperatures the configurational phase space of a large spinglass system breaks into many separated domains each of which is referred to as a macroscopic state the system is able to visit all spin configurations of the same macroscopic state while it can not spontaneously jump between two different macroscopic states ergodicity of the whole configurational phase space of the system however can be recovered if a temperatureannealing process is repeated an infinite number of times in a heatingannealing cycle the environmental temperature is first elevated to a high level and then decreased extremely slowly until a final low temperature t is reached different macroscopic states may be reached in different rounds of the annealing experiment while the probability of finding the system in macroscopic state alpha decreases exponentially with the free energy f_alphat of this state for finiteconnectivity spin glass systems we use this free energy boltzmann distribution to formulate the cavity approach of mezard and parisi eur phys j b bf 20 217 2001 in a slightly different form for the pm j spinglass model on a random regular graph of degree k6 the predictions of the present work agree with earlier simulational and theoretical results
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710.1365
Distribution of equilibrium free energies in a thermodynamic system with broken ergodicity
At low temperatures the configurational phase space of a macroscopic complex system (e.g., a spin-glass) of $N\sim 10^{23}$ interacting particles may split into an exponential number $\Omega_s \sim \exp({\rm const} \times N)$ of ergodic sub-spaces (thermodynamic states). Previous theoretical studies assumed that the equilibrium collective behavior of such a system is determined by its ground thermodynamic states of the minimal free-energy density, and that the equilibrium free energies follow the distribution of exponential decay. Here we show that these assumptions are not necessarily valid. For some complex systems, the equilibrium free-energy values may follow a Gaussian distribution within an intermediate temperature range, and consequently their equilibrium properties are contributed by {\em excited} thermodynamic states. This work will help improving our understanding of the equilibrium statistical mechanics of spin-glasses and other complex systems.
cond-mat.dis-nn
at low temperatures the configurational phase space of a macroscopic complex system eg a spinglass of nsim 1023 interacting particles may split into an exponential number omega_s sim exprm const times n of ergodic subspaces thermodynamic states previous theoretical studies assumed that the equilibrium collective behavior of such a system is determined by its ground thermodynamic states of the minimal freeenergy density and that the equilibrium free energies follow the distribution of exponential decay here we show that these assumptions are not necessarily valid for some complex systems the equilibrium freeenergy values may follow a gaussian distribution within an intermediate temperature range and consequently their equilibrium properties are contributed by em excited thermodynamic states this work will help improving our understanding of the equilibrium statistical mechanics of spinglasses and other complex systems
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710.1366
Matrices Totally Positive Relative to a Tree
It is known that for a totally positive (TP) matrix, the eigenvalues are positive and distinct and the eigenvector associated with the smallest eigenvalue is totally nonzero and has an alternating sign pattern. Here, a certain weakening of the TP hypothesis is shown to yield a similar conclusion.
math.CO
it is known that for a totally positive tp matrix the eigenvalues are positive and distinct and the eigenvector associated with the smallest eigenvalue is totally nonzero and has an alternating sign pattern here a certain weakening of the tp hypothesis is shown to yield a similar conclusion
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710.1367
Faster than Light Quantum Communication
Faster than light communication might be possible using the collapse of the quantum wave-function without any accompanying paradoxes.
physics.gen-ph
faster than light communication might be possible using the collapse of the quantum wavefunction without any accompanying paradoxes
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710.1368
Measurement of the Tau Lepton Polarisation at LEP2
A first measurement of the average polarisation P_tau of tau leptons produced in e+e- annihilation at energies significantly above the Z resonance is presented. The polarisation is determined from the kinematic spectra of tau hadronic decays. The measured value P_tau = -0.164 +/- 0.125 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction for the mean LEP energy of 197 GeV.
hep-ex
a first measurement of the average polarisation p_tau of tau leptons produced in ee annihilation at energies significantly above the z resonance is presented the polarisation is determined from the kinematic spectra of tau hadronic decays the measured value p_tau 0164 0125 is consistent with the standard model prediction for the mean lep energy of 197 gev
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710.1369
Consequence of doping in spatiotemporal rock-paper-scissors games
What determines species diversity is dramatic concern in science. Here we report the effect of doping on diversity in spatiotemporal rock-paper-scissors (RPS) games, which can be observed directly in ecological, biological and social systems in nature. Doping means that there exists some buffer patches which do not involve the main procession of the conflicts but occupied the game space. Quantitative lattices simulation finds that (1) decrease of extinction possibility is exponential dependent on the increase of doping rate, (2) the possibility of the conflict is independent of doping rate at well mix evolution beginning, and is buffered by doping in long time coexistence procession. Practical meaning of doping are discussed. To demonstrate the importance of doping, we present one practical example for microbial laboratory efficient operation and one theoretical example for human-environment co-existence system better understanding. It suggests that, for diversity, doping can not be neglected.
nlin.AO q-bio.PE
what determines species diversity is dramatic concern in science here we report the effect of doping on diversity in spatiotemporal rockpaperscissors rps games which can be observed directly in ecological biological and social systems in nature doping means that there exists some buffer patches which do not involve the main procession of the conflicts but occupied the game space quantitative lattices simulation finds that 1 decrease of extinction possibility is exponential dependent on the increase of doping rate 2 the possibility of the conflict is independent of doping rate at well mix evolution beginning and is buffered by doping in long time coexistence procession practical meaning of doping are discussed to demonstrate the importance of doping we present one practical example for microbial laboratory efficient operation and one theoretical example for humanenvironment coexistence system better understanding it suggests that for diversity doping can not be neglected
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710.137
A problem of enumeration of two-color bracelets with several variations
We consider the problem of enumeration of incongruent two-color bracelets of $n$ beads, $k$ of which are black, and study several natural variations of this problem. We also give recursion formulas for enumeration of $t$-color bracelets, $t\geq3.
math.CO
we consider the problem of enumeration of incongruent twocolor bracelets of n beads k of which are black and study several natural variations of this problem we also give recursion formulas for enumeration of tcolor bracelets tgeq3
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710.1371
Study of the Exclusive Initial-State-Radiation Production of the DDbar System
A search for charmonium and other new states is performed in a study of exclusive initial-state-radiation production of D Dbar events from electron-positron annihilations at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 384 fb-1 and was recorded by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II storage ring. The D Dbar mass spectrum shows clear evidence of the psi(3770) plus other structures near 3.9, 4.1, and 4.4 GeV/c^2. No evidence for Y(4260) -> D Dbar is observed, leading to an upper limit of B(Y(4260) -> D Dbar)/B(Y(4260) -> J/psi pi+ pi-) < 1.0 at 90 % confidence level.
hep-ex
a search for charmonium and other new states is performed in a study of exclusive initialstateradiation production of d dbar events from electronpositron annihilations at a centerofmass energy of 1058 gev the data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 384 fb1 and was recorded by the babar experiment at the pepii storage ring the d dbar mass spectrum shows clear evidence of the psi3770 plus other structures near 39 41 and 44 gevc2 no evidence for y4260 d dbar is observed leading to an upper limit of by4260 d dbarby4260 jpsi pi pi 10 at 90 confidence level
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710.1372
The average kinetic energy density of Cooper pairs above T_c in YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}}, Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}, and Nb}
We have obtained isofield curves for the square root of the average kinetic energy density of the superconducting state for three single crystals of underdoped YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}, an optimally doped single crystal of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}, and Nb. These curves, determined from isofield magnetization versus temperature measurements and the virial theorem of superconductivity, probe the order parameter amplitude near the upper critical field. The striking differences between the Nb and the high-T_c curves clearly indicate for the latter cases the presence of a unique superconducting condensate below and above T_c.
cond-mat.supr-con
we have obtained isofield curves for the square root of the average kinetic energy density of the superconducting state for three single crystals of underdoped yba_2cu_3o_7x an optimally doped single crystal of bi_2sr_2cacu_2o_8delta and nb these curves determined from isofield magnetization versus temperature measurements and the virial theorem of superconductivity probe the order parameter amplitude near the upper critical field the striking differences between the nb and the hight_c curves clearly indicate for the latter cases the presence of a unique superconducting condensate below and above t_c
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710.1373
Generalized parton distributions from domain wall valence quarks and staggered sea quarks
Moments of the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, calculated with a mixed action of domain wall valence quarks and asqtad staggered sea quarks, are presented for pion masses extending down to 359 MeV. Results for the moments of the unpolarized, helicity, and transversity distributions are given and compared to the available experimental measurements. Additionally, a selection of the generalized form factors are shown and the implications for the spin decomposition and transverse structure of the nucleon are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding systematic errors in the lattice calculation and exploring a variety of chiral extrapolations.
hep-lat
moments of the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon calculated with a mixed action of domain wall valence quarks and asqtad staggered sea quarks are presented for pion masses extending down to 359 mev results for the moments of the unpolarized helicity and transversity distributions are given and compared to the available experimental measurements additionally a selection of the generalized form factors are shown and the implications for the spin decomposition and transverse structure of the nucleon are discussed particular emphasis is placed on understanding systematic errors in the lattice calculation and exploring a variety of chiral extrapolations
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710.1374
Nanosecond electro-optical switching with a repetition rate above 20MHz
We describe an electro-optical switch based on a commercial electro-optic modulator (modified for high-speed operation) and a 340V pulser having a rise time of 2.2ns (at 250V). It can produce arbitrary pulse patterns with an average repetition rate beyond 20MHz. It uses a grounded-grid triode driven by transmitting power transistors. We discuss variations that enable analog operation, use the step-recovery effect in bipolar transistors, or offer other combinations of output voltage, size, and cost.
physics.optics physics.ins-det
we describe an electrooptical switch based on a commercial electrooptic modulator modified for highspeed operation and a 340v pulser having a rise time of 22ns at 250v it can produce arbitrary pulse patterns with an average repetition rate beyond 20mhz it uses a groundedgrid triode driven by transmitting power transistors we discuss variations that enable analog operation use the steprecovery effect in bipolar transistors or offer other combinations of output voltage size and cost
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710.1375
Dynamic Models of Learning and Education Measurement
Pre-post testing is a commonly used method in physics education community for evaluating students' achievement and or the effectiveness of teaching through a specific period of instruction. A popular method to analyze pre-post testing results is the normalized gain first brought to the physics education community in wide use by R.R. Hake. This paper presents a measurement based probabilistic model of the dynamic process of learning that explains the experimentally observed features of the normalized gain. In Hake's study with thousands of students' pre-post testing results, he observed that on average 48 courses employing "interactive engagement" types of instruction achieved average normalized gains about two standard deviations greater than did 14 courses subjected to traditional instruction. For all courses the average normalized gains had a very low correlation +0.02 with average pretest scores. This feature of the normalized gain has allowed researchers to investigate the effectiveness of instruction using data collected from classes with widely different average pretest scores. However, the question of why the average normalized gain has this feature and to what extent this feature is generally present is not well understood. In addition, there have been debates as to what the normalized gain actually measures, and concerns that it lacks a probability framework that undergirds psychometric methods such as Item Response Theory (IRT). The present model leads to an explanation of the observed features of the normalized gain, connects to other models such as IRT, and shows that the normalized gain does have a probability framework but one different from that emphasized by IRT.
physics.ed-ph physics.data-an
prepost testing is a commonly used method in physics education community for evaluating students achievement and or the effectiveness of teaching through a specific period of instruction a popular method to analyze prepost testing results is the normalized gain first brought to the physics education community in wide use by rr hake this paper presents a measurement based probabilistic model of the dynamic process of learning that explains the experimentally observed features of the normalized gain in hakes study with thousands of students prepost testing results he observed that on average 48 courses employing interactive engagement types of instruction achieved average normalized gains about two standard deviations greater than did 14 courses subjected to traditional instruction for all courses the average normalized gains had a very low correlation 002 with average pretest scores this feature of the normalized gain has allowed researchers to investigate the effectiveness of instruction using data collected from classes with widely different average pretest scores however the question of why the average normalized gain has this feature and to what extent this feature is generally present is not well understood in addition there have been debates as to what the normalized gain actually measures and concerns that it lacks a probability framework that undergirds psychometric methods such as item response theory irt the present model leads to an explanation of the observed features of the normalized gain connects to other models such as irt and shows that the normalized gain does have a probability framework but one different from that emphasized by irt
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710.1376
Emergent Symmetry and Dimensional Reduction at a Quantum Critical Point
We show that the spatial dimensionality of the quantum critical point associated with Bose--Einstein condensation at T=0 is reduced when the underlying lattice comprises a set of layers coupled by a frustrating interaction. For this purpose, we use an heuristic mean field approach that is complemented and justified by a more rigorous renormalization group analysis. Due to the presence of an emergent symmetry, i.e. a symmetry of the ground state that is absent in the underlying Hamiltonian, a three--dimensional interacting Bose system undergoes a chemical potential tuned quantum phase transition that is strictly two dimensional. Our theoretical predictions for the critical temperature as a function of the chemical potential correspond very well with recent measurements in BaCuSi$_{2}$O$_{6}$.
cond-mat.str-el
we show that the spatial dimensionality of the quantum critical point associated with boseeinstein condensation at t0 is reduced when the underlying lattice comprises a set of layers coupled by a frustrating interaction for this purpose we use an heuristic mean field approach that is complemented and justified by a more rigorous renormalization group analysis due to the presence of an emergent symmetry ie a symmetry of the ground state that is absent in the underlying hamiltonian a threedimensional interacting bose system undergoes a chemical potential tuned quantum phase transition that is strictly two dimensional our theoretical predictions for the critical temperature as a function of the chemical potential correspond very well with recent measurements in bacusi_2o_6
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710.1377
Entropy of Stars, Black Holes and Dark Energy
When a star collapses to form a black hole, its entropy increases considerably, for a solar mass black hole, there is a factor of 1019 increase in entropy. This corresponds to a tremendous loss of information as only the total mass, angular momentum or electric charge (if any) of the matter going inside the horizon can be measured by an outside observer. Information about all other characteristics of the matter becomes irrelevant.
astro-ph
when a star collapses to form a black hole its entropy increases considerably for a solar mass black hole there is a factor of 1019 increase in entropy this corresponds to a tremendous loss of information as only the total mass angular momentum or electric charge if any of the matter going inside the horizon can be measured by an outside observer information about all other characteristics of the matter becomes irrelevant
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710.1378
Generation and detection of gravitational waves at microwave frequencies by means of a superconducting two-body system
The 2-body system of a superconducting sphere levitated in the magnetic field generated by a persistent current in a superconducting ring, can possibly convert gravitational waves into electromagnetic waves, and vice versa. Faraday's law of induction implies that the time-varying distance between the sphere and the ring caused by the tidal force of an incident gravitational wave induces time-varying electrical currents, which are the source of an electromagnetic wave at the same frequency as the incident gravitational wave. At sufficiently low temperatures, the internal degrees of freedom of the superconductors are frozen out because of the superconducting energy gap, and only external degrees of freedom, which are coupled to the radiation fields, remain. Hence this wave-conversion process is loss-free and therefore efficient, and by time-reversal symmetry, so is the reverse process. A Hertz-like experiment at microwave frequencies should therefore be practical to perform. This would open up observations of the gravitational-wave analog of the Cosmic Microwave Background from the extremely early Big Bang, and also communications directly through the interior of the Earth.
gr-qc
the 2body system of a superconducting sphere levitated in the magnetic field generated by a persistent current in a superconducting ring can possibly convert gravitational waves into electromagnetic waves and vice versa faradays law of induction implies that the timevarying distance between the sphere and the ring caused by the tidal force of an incident gravitational wave induces timevarying electrical currents which are the source of an electromagnetic wave at the same frequency as the incident gravitational wave at sufficiently low temperatures the internal degrees of freedom of the superconductors are frozen out because of the superconducting energy gap and only external degrees of freedom which are coupled to the radiation fields remain hence this waveconversion process is lossfree and therefore efficient and by timereversal symmetry so is the reverse process a hertzlike experiment at microwave frequencies should therefore be practical to perform this would open up observations of the gravitationalwave analog of the cosmic microwave background from the extremely early big bang and also communications directly through the interior of the earth
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710.1379
5D Differential Calculus and Noether Analysis of Translation Symmetries in kappa-Minkowski Noncommutative Spacetime
We perform a Noether analysis for a description of translation transformations in 4D kappa-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime which is based on the structure of a 5D differential calculus. Taking properly into account the properties of the differential calculus we arrive at an explicit formula for the conserved charges. We also propose a choice of basis for the 5D calculus which leads to an intuitive description of time derivatives.
hep-th
we perform a noether analysis for a description of translation transformations in 4d kappaminkowski noncommutative spacetime which is based on the structure of a 5d differential calculus taking properly into account the properties of the differential calculus we arrive at an explicit formula for the conserved charges we also propose a choice of basis for the 5d calculus which leads to an intuitive description of time derivatives
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710.138
Mirror duality and noncommutative tori
In this paper, we study a mirror duality on a generalized complex torus and a noncommutative complex torus. First, we derive a symplectic version of Riemann condition using mirror duality on ordinary complex tori. Based on this we will find a mirror correspondence on generalized complex tori and generalize the mirror duality on complex tori to the case of noncommutative complex tori.
hep-th math-ph math.MP
in this paper we study a mirror duality on a generalized complex torus and a noncommutative complex torus first we derive a symplectic version of riemann condition using mirror duality on ordinary complex tori based on this we will find a mirror correspondence on generalized complex tori and generalize the mirror duality on complex tori to the case of noncommutative complex tori
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710.1381
On the symplectic phase space of KdV
We prove that the Birkhoff map $\Om$ for KdV constructed on $H^{-1}_0(\T)$ can be interpolated between $H^{-1}_0(\T)$ and $L^2_0(\T)$. In particular, the symplectic phase space $H^{1/2}_0(\T)$ can be described in terms of Birkhoff coordinates. As an application, we characterize the regularity of a potential $q\in H^{-1}(\T)$ in terms of the decay of the gap lengths of the periodic spectrum of Hill's operator on the interval $[0,2]$.
math.FA math.AP
we prove that the birkhoff map om for kdv constructed on h1_0t can be interpolated between h1_0t and l2_0t in particular the symplectic phase space h12_0t can be described in terms of birkhoff coordinates as an application we characterize the regularity of a potential qin h1t in terms of the decay of the gap lengths of the periodic spectrum of hills operator on the interval 02
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710.1382
Global anisotropy of arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays: capabilities of space-based detectors
Planned space-based ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray detectors (TUS, JEM-EUSO and S-EUSO) are best suited for searches of global anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic-ray particles because they will be able to observe the full sky with a single instrument. We calculate quantitatively the strength of anisotropies associated with two models of the origin of the highest-energy particles: the extragalactic model (sources follow the distribution of galaxies in the Universe) and the superheavy dark-matter model (sources follow the distribution of dark matter in the Galactic halo). Based on the expected exposure of the experiments, we estimate the optimal strategy for efficient search of these effects.
astro-ph
planned spacebased ultrahighenergy cosmicray detectors tus jemeuso and seuso are best suited for searches of global anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions of cosmicray particles because they will be able to observe the full sky with a single instrument we calculate quantitatively the strength of anisotropies associated with two models of the origin of the highestenergy particles the extragalactic model sources follow the distribution of galaxies in the universe and the superheavy darkmatter model sources follow the distribution of dark matter in the galactic halo based on the expected exposure of the experiments we estimate the optimal strategy for efficient search of these effects
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710.1383
Log-concavity property of the error probability with application to local bounds for wireless communications
A clear understanding the behavior of the error probability (EP) as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and other system parameters is fundamental for assessing the design of digital wireless communication systems.We propose an analytical framework based on the log-concavity property of the EP which we prove for a wide family of multidimensional modulation formats in the presence of Gaussian disturbances and fading. Based on this property, we construct a class of local bounds for the EP that improve known generic bounds in a given region of the SNR and are invertible, as well as easily tractable for further analysis. This concept is motivated by the fact that communication systems often operate with performance in a certain region of interest (ROI) and, thus, it may be advantageous to have tighter bounds within this region instead of generic bounds valid for all SNRs. We present a possible application of these local bounds, but their relevance is beyond the example made in this paper.
cs.IT math.IT
a clear understanding the behavior of the error probability ep as a function of signaltonoise ratio snr and other system parameters is fundamental for assessing the design of digital wireless communication systemswe propose an analytical framework based on the logconcavity property of the ep which we prove for a wide family of multidimensional modulation formats in the presence of gaussian disturbances and fading based on this property we construct a class of local bounds for the ep that improve known generic bounds in a given region of the snr and are invertible as well as easily tractable for further analysis this concept is motivated by the fact that communication systems often operate with performance in a certain region of interest roi and thus it may be advantageous to have tighter bounds within this region instead of generic bounds valid for all snrs we present a possible application of these local bounds but their relevance is beyond the example made in this paper
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710.1384
Traffic of molecular motors: from theory to experiments
Intracellular transport along microtubules or actin filaments, powered by molecular motors such as kinesins, dyneins or myosins, has been recently modeled using one-dimensional driven lattice gases. We discuss some generalizations of these models, that include extended particles and defects. We investigate the feasibility of single molecule experiments aiming to measure the average motor density and to locate the position of traffic jams by mean of a tracer particle. Finally, we comment on preliminary single molecule experiments performed in living cells.
physics.bio-ph q-bio.BM
intracellular transport along microtubules or actin filaments powered by molecular motors such as kinesins dyneins or myosins has been recently modeled using onedimensional driven lattice gases we discuss some generalizations of these models that include extended particles and defects we investigate the feasibility of single molecule experiments aiming to measure the average motor density and to locate the position of traffic jams by mean of a tracer particle finally we comment on preliminary single molecule experiments performed in living cells
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710.1385
Cognitive Medium Access: Exploration, Exploitation and Competition
This paper establishes the equivalence between cognitive medium access and the competitive multi-armed bandit problem. First, the scenario in which a single cognitive user wishes to opportunistically exploit the availability of empty frequency bands in the spectrum with multiple bands is considered. In this scenario, the availability probability of each channel is unknown to the cognitive user a priori. Hence efficient medium access strategies must strike a balance between exploring the availability of other free channels and exploiting the opportunities identified thus far. By adopting a Bayesian approach for this classical bandit problem, the optimal medium access strategy is derived and its underlying recursive structure is illustrated via examples. To avoid the prohibitive computational complexity of the optimal strategy, a low complexity asymptotically optimal strategy is developed. The proposed strategy does not require any prior statistical knowledge about the traffic pattern on the different channels. Next, the multi-cognitive user scenario is considered and low complexity medium access protocols, which strike the optimal balance between exploration and exploitation in such competitive environments, are developed. Finally, this formalism is extended to the case in which each cognitive user is capable of sensing and using multiple channels simultaneously.
cs.IT cs.NI math.IT
this paper establishes the equivalence between cognitive medium access and the competitive multiarmed bandit problem first the scenario in which a single cognitive user wishes to opportunistically exploit the availability of empty frequency bands in the spectrum with multiple bands is considered in this scenario the availability probability of each channel is unknown to the cognitive user a priori hence efficient medium access strategies must strike a balance between exploring the availability of other free channels and exploiting the opportunities identified thus far by adopting a bayesian approach for this classical bandit problem the optimal medium access strategy is derived and its underlying recursive structure is illustrated via examples to avoid the prohibitive computational complexity of the optimal strategy a low complexity asymptotically optimal strategy is developed the proposed strategy does not require any prior statistical knowledge about the traffic pattern on the different channels next the multicognitive user scenario is considered and low complexity medium access protocols which strike the optimal balance between exploration and exploitation in such competitive environments are developed finally this formalism is extended to the case in which each cognitive user is capable of sensing and using multiple channels simultaneously
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710.1386
Quasi-socle ideals in Gorenstein numerical semigroup rings
Quasi-socle ideals, that is the ideals $I$ of the form $I= Q : \mathfrak{m}^q$ in Gorenstein numerical semigroup rings over fields are explored, where $Q$ is a parameter ideal, and $\mathfrak{m}$ is the maximal ideal in the base local ring, and $q \geq 1$ is an integer. The problems of when $I$ is integral over $Q$ and of when the associated graded ring $\mathrm{G}(I) = \bigoplus_{n \geq 0}I^n/I^{n+1}$ of $I$ is Cohen-Macaulay are studied. The problems are rather wild; examples are given.
math.AC
quasisocle ideals that is the ideals i of the form i q mathfrakmq in gorenstein numerical semigroup rings over fields are explored where q is a parameter ideal and mathfrakm is the maximal ideal in the base local ring and q geq 1 is an integer the problems of when i is integral over q and of when the associated graded ring mathrmgi bigoplus_n geq 0inin1 of i is cohenmacaulay are studied the problems are rather wild examples are given
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710.1387
Quasi-socle ideals in local rings with Gorenstein tangent cones
Quasi-socle ideals, that is the ideals $I$ of the form $I= Q : \mathfrak{m}^q$ in a Noetherian local ring $(A, \mathfrak{m})$ with the Gorenstein tangent cone $\mathrm{G}(\mathfrak{m}) = \bigoplus_{n \geq 0}{\mathfrak{m}}^n/{\mathfrak{m}}^{n+1}$ are explored, where $q \geq 1$ is an integer and $Q$ is a parameter ideal of $A$ generated by monomials of a system $x_1, x_2, ..., x_d$ of elements in $A$ such that $(x_1, x_2, ..., x_d)$ is a reduction of $\mathfrak{m}$. The questions of when $I$ is integral over $Q$ and of when the graded rings $\mathrm{G}(I) = \bigoplus_{n \geq 0}I^n/I^{n+1}$ and $\mathrm{F}(I) = \bigoplus_{n \ge 0}I^n/\mathfrak{m} I^n$ are Cohen-Macaulay are answered. Criteria for $\mathrm{G} (I)$ and $\mathcal{R} (I) = \bigoplus_{n \geq 0}I^n$ to be Gorenstein rings are given.
math.AC
quasisocle ideals that is the ideals i of the form i q mathfrakmq in a noetherian local ring a mathfrakm with the gorenstein tangent cone mathrmgmathfrakm bigoplus_n geq 0mathfrakmnmathfrakmn1 are explored where q geq 1 is an integer and q is a parameter ideal of a generated by monomials of a system x_1 x_2 x_d of elements in a such that x_1 x_2 x_d is a reduction of mathfrakm the questions of when i is integral over q and of when the graded rings mathrmgi bigoplus_n geq 0inin1 and mathrmfi bigoplus_n ge 0inmathfrakm in are cohenmacaulay are answered criteria for mathrmg i and mathcalr i bigoplus_n geq 0in to be gorenstein rings are given
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710.1388
Interference-induced splitting of resonances in spontaneous emission
We study the resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven four-level atom in the Y-type configuration. The effects of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission on the fluorescence properties of the atom are investigated. It is found that the quantum interference resulting from cascade emission decays of the atom leads to a splitting of resonances in the excited level populations calculated as a function of light detuning. For some parameters, interference assisted enhancement of inner sidebands and narrowing of central peaks may also occur in the fluorescence spectrum. We present a physical understandingof our numerical results using the dressed state description of the atom-light interaction.
quant-ph
we study the resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven fourlevel atom in the ytype configuration the effects of quantum interference induced by spontaneous emission on the fluorescence properties of the atom are investigated it is found that the quantum interference resulting from cascade emission decays of the atom leads to a splitting of resonances in the excited level populations calculated as a function of light detuning for some parameters interference assisted enhancement of inner sidebands and narrowing of central peaks may also occur in the fluorescence spectrum we present a physical understandingof our numerical results using the dressed state description of the atomlight interaction
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710.1389
Comparison of two experiments on radiative neutron decay
Over 10 years ago we proposed an experiment on measuring the characteristics of radiative neutron decay in papers [1, 2]. At the same time we had published the theoretical spectrum of radiative gamma quanta, calculated within the framework of the electroweak interactions, on the basis of which we proposed the methodology for the future experiment [3,4]. However, because we were denied beam time on the intensive cold neutron beam at ILL (Grenoble, France) for a number of years, we could only conduct the experiment in 2005 on the newly opened FRMII reactor of Technical University of Muenchen. The main result of this experiment was the discovery of radiative neutron decay and the measurement of its relative intensity B.R.= (3.2+-1.6)10-3 with C.L.=99.7% for radiative gamma quanta with energy over 35 kev [5,6]. Over a year after our first announcement about the results of the conducted experiment, "Nature" [7] published a letter asserting that its authors have also measured the branching ratio of radiative neutron decay B.R.= (3.13+-0.34)10-3 with C.L.=68% and gamma quanta energy from 15 to 340 kev. This article aims to compare these two experiments. It is shown that the use of strong magnetic fields in the NIST (Washington, USA) experiment methodology not only prevents any exact measurement of the branching ratio and identification of radiative neutron decay events, but also makes registration of ordinary neutron decay events impossible.
nucl-ex
over 10 years ago we proposed an experiment on measuring the characteristics of radiative neutron decay in papers 1 2 at the same time we had published the theoretical spectrum of radiative gamma quanta calculated within the framework of the electroweak interactions on the basis of which we proposed the methodology for the future experiment 34 however because we were denied beam time on the intensive cold neutron beam at ill grenoble france for a number of years we could only conduct the experiment in 2005 on the newly opened frmii reactor of technical university of muenchen the main result of this experiment was the discovery of radiative neutron decay and the measurement of its relative intensity br 3216103 with cl997 for radiative gamma quanta with energy over 35 kev 56 over a year after our first announcement about the results of the conducted experiment nature 7 published a letter asserting that its authors have also measured the branching ratio of radiative neutron decay br 313034103 with cl68 and gamma quanta energy from 15 to 340 kev this article aims to compare these two experiments it is shown that the use of strong magnetic fields in the nist washington usa experiment methodology not only prevents any exact measurement of the branching ratio and identification of radiative neutron decay events but also makes registration of ordinary neutron decay events impossible
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710.139
The Stationary Phase Method for a Wave Packet in a Semiconductor Layered System. The applicability of the method
Using the formal analysis made by Bohm in his book, {\em "Quantum theory"}, Dover Publications Inc. New York (1979), to calculate approximately the phase time for a transmitted and the reflected wave packets through a potential barrier, we calculate the phase time for a semiconductor system formed by different mesoscopic layers. The transmitted and the reflected wave packets are analyzed and the applicability of this procedure, based on the stationary phase of a wave packet, is considered in different conditions. For the applicability of the stationary phase method an expression is obtained in the case of the transmitted wave depending only on the derivatives of the phase, up to third order. This condition indicates whether the parameters of the system allow to define the wave packet by its leading term. The case of a multiple barrier systems is shown as an illustration of the results. This formalism includes the use of the Transfer Matrix to describe the central stratum, whether it is formed by one layer (the single barrier case), or two barriers and an inner well (the DBRT system), but one can assume that this stratum can be comprise of any number or any kind of semiconductor layers.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
using the formal analysis made by bohm in his book em quantum theory dover publications inc new york 1979 to calculate approximately the phase time for a transmitted and the reflected wave packets through a potential barrier we calculate the phase time for a semiconductor system formed by different mesoscopic layers the transmitted and the reflected wave packets are analyzed and the applicability of this procedure based on the stationary phase of a wave packet is considered in different conditions for the applicability of the stationary phase method an expression is obtained in the case of the transmitted wave depending only on the derivatives of the phase up to third order this condition indicates whether the parameters of the system allow to define the wave packet by its leading term the case of a multiple barrier systems is shown as an illustration of the results this formalism includes the use of the transfer matrix to describe the central stratum whether it is formed by one layer the single barrier case or two barriers and an inner well the dbrt system but one can assume that this stratum can be comprise of any number or any kind of semiconductor layers
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710.1391
Integrablility of a Classical $N= 2$ Super Sinh-Gordon Model with Jump Defects
The Lagrangian formalism for the N=2 supersymmetric sinh-Gordon model with a jump defect is considered. The modified conserved momentum and energy are constructed in terms of border functions. The supersymmetric Backlund transformation is given and an one-soliton solution is obtained. The Lax formulation based on the affine super Lie algebra $sl(2,2)$ within the space split by the defect leads to the integrability of the model and henceforth to the existence of an infinite number of constants of motion.
hep-th
the lagrangian formalism for the n2 supersymmetric sinhgordon model with a jump defect is considered the modified conserved momentum and energy are constructed in terms of border functions the supersymmetric backlund transformation is given and an onesoliton solution is obtained the lax formulation based on the affine super lie algebra sl22 within the space split by the defect leads to the integrability of the model and henceforth to the existence of an infinite number of constants of motion
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710.1392
Patching over fields
We develop a new form of patching that is both far-reaching and more elementary than the previous versions that have been used in inverse Galois theory for function fields of curves. A key point of our approach is to work with fields and vector spaces, rather than rings and modules. After presenting a self-contained development of this form of patching, we obtain applications to other structures such as Brauer groups and differential modules.
math.AG math.RA
we develop a new form of patching that is both farreaching and more elementary than the previous versions that have been used in inverse galois theory for function fields of curves a key point of our approach is to work with fields and vector spaces rather than rings and modules after presenting a selfcontained development of this form of patching we obtain applications to other structures such as brauer groups and differential modules
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710.1393
A Measurement of Proper Motions of SiO Maser Sources in the Galactic Center with the VLBA
We report on the high-precision astrometric observations of maser sources around the Galactic Center in the SiO J=1--0 v=1 and 2 lines with the VLBA during 2001 -- 2004. With phase-referencing interferometry referred to the radio continuum source Sgr A*, accurate positions of masers were obtained for three detected objects: IRS 10 EE (7 epochs), IRS 15NE (2 epochs), and SiO 6 (only 1 epoch). Because circumstellar masers of these objects were resolved into several components, proper motions for the maser sources were derived with several different methods. Combining our VLBA results with those of the previous VLA observations, we obtained the IRS 10EE proper motion of 76+-3 km s^{-1} (at 8 kpc) to the south relative to Sgr A*. Almost null proper motion of this star in the east--west direction results in a net transverse motion of the infrared reference frame of about 30+-9 km s^{-1} to the west relative to Sgr A*. The proper-motion data also suggests that IRS 10EE is an astrometric binary with an unseen massive companion.
astro-ph
we report on the highprecision astrometric observations of maser sources around the galactic center in the sio j10 v1 and 2 lines with the vlba during 2001 2004 with phasereferencing interferometry referred to the radio continuum source sgr a accurate positions of masers were obtained for three detected objects irs 10 ee 7 epochs irs 15ne 2 epochs and sio 6 only 1 epoch because circumstellar masers of these objects were resolved into several components proper motions for the maser sources were derived with several different methods combining our vlba results with those of the previous vla observations we obtained the irs 10ee proper motion of 763 km s1 at 8 kpc to the south relative to sgr a almost null proper motion of this star in the eastwest direction results in a net transverse motion of the infrared reference frame of about 309 km s1 to the west relative to sgr a the propermotion data also suggests that irs 10ee is an astrometric binary with an unseen massive companion
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710.1394
Bosonized supersymmetry from the Majorana-Dirac-Staunton theory and massive higher-spin fields
We propose a (3+1)D linear set of covariant vector equations, which unify the spin 0 ``new Dirac equation'' with its spin 1/2 counterpart, proposed by Staunton. Our equations describe a spin (0,1/2) supermultiplet with different numbers of degrees of freedom in the bosonic and fermionic sectors. The translation-invariant spin deegres of freedom are carried by two copies of the Heisenberg algebra. This allows us to realize space-time supersymmetry in a bosonized form. The grading structure is provided by an internal reflection operator. Then the construction is generalized by means of the Majorana equation to a supersymmetric theory of massive higher-spin particles. The resulting theory is characterized by a nonlinear symmetry superalgebra, that, in the large-spin limit, reduces to the super-Poincare algebra with or without tensorial central charge.
hep-th math-ph math.MP
we propose a 31d linear set of covariant vector equations which unify the spin 0 new dirac equation with its spin 12 counterpart proposed by staunton our equations describe a spin 012 supermultiplet with different numbers of degrees of freedom in the bosonic and fermionic sectors the translationinvariant spin deegres of freedom are carried by two copies of the heisenberg algebra this allows us to realize spacetime supersymmetry in a bosonized form the grading structure is provided by an internal reflection operator then the construction is generalized by means of the majorana equation to a supersymmetric theory of massive higherspin particles the resulting theory is characterized by a nonlinear symmetry superalgebra that in the largespin limit reduces to the superpoincare algebra with or without tensorial central charge
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710.1395
Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Charge Carriers in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
At the interface between complex insulating oxides, novel phases with interesting properties may occur, such as the metallic state reported in the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system. While this state has been predicted and reported to be confined at the interface, some works indicate a much broader spatial extension, thereby questioning its origin. Here we provide for the first time a direct determination of the carrier density profile of this system through resistance profile mappings collected in cross-section LaAlO3/SrTiO3 samples with a conducting-tip atomic force microscope (CT-AFM). We find that, depending upon specific growth protocols, the spatial extension of the high-mobility electron gas can be varied from hundreds of microns into SrTiO3 to a few nanometers next to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Our results emphasize the potential of CT-AFM as a novel tool to characterize complex oxide interfaces and provide us with a definitive and conclusive way to reconcile the body of experimental data in this system.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
at the interface between complex insulating oxides novel phases with interesting properties may occur such as the metallic state reported in the laalo3srtio3 system while this state has been predicted and reported to be confined at the interface some works indicate a much broader spatial extension thereby questioning its origin here we provide for the first time a direct determination of the carrier density profile of this system through resistance profile mappings collected in crosssection laalo3srtio3 samples with a conductingtip atomic force microscope ctafm we find that depending upon specific growth protocols the spatial extension of the highmobility electron gas can be varied from hundreds of microns into srtio3 to a few nanometers next to the laalo3srtio3 interface our results emphasize the potential of ctafm as a novel tool to characterize complex oxide interfaces and provide us with a definitive and conclusive way to reconcile the body of experimental data in this system
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710.1396
The isoperimetric profile of a compact Riemannian Manifold for small volumes
We show that, the solutions of the isoperimetric problem for small volumes are $C^{2,\alpha}$-close to small spheres. On the way, we define a class of submanifolds called pseudo balls, defined by an equation weaker than constancy of mean curvature. We show that in a neighborhood of each point of a compact riemannian manifold, there is a unique family concentric pseudo balls which contains all the pseudo balls $C^{2,\alpha}$-close to small spheres. This allows us to reduce the isoperimetric problem for small volumes to a variational problem in finite dimension.
math.DG
we show that the solutions of the isoperimetric problem for small volumes are c2alphaclose to small spheres on the way we define a class of submanifolds called pseudo balls defined by an equation weaker than constancy of mean curvature we show that in a neighborhood of each point of a compact riemannian manifold there is a unique family concentric pseudo balls which contains all the pseudo balls c2alphaclose to small spheres this allows us to reduce the isoperimetric problem for small volumes to a variational problem in finite dimension
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710.1397
From conformal embeddings to quantum symmetries: an exceptional SU(4) example
We briefly discuss several algebraic tools that are used to describe the quantum symmetries of Boundary Conformal Field Theories on a torus. The starting point is a fusion category, together with an action on another category described by a quantum graph. For known examples, the corresponding modular invariant partition function, which is sometimes associated with a conformal embedding, provides enough information to recover the whole structure. We illustrate these notions with the example of the conformal embedding of SU(4) at level 4 into Spin(15) at level 1, leading to the exceptional quantum graph E4(SU(4)).
math-ph hep-th math.MP math.QA
we briefly discuss several algebraic tools that are used to describe the quantum symmetries of boundary conformal field theories on a torus the starting point is a fusion category together with an action on another category described by a quantum graph for known examples the corresponding modular invariant partition function which is sometimes associated with a conformal embedding provides enough information to recover the whole structure we illustrate these notions with the example of the conformal embedding of su4 at level 4 into spin15 at level 1 leading to the exceptional quantum graph e4su4
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710.1398
Logic of Simultaneity
A logical model of spatiotemporal structures is pictured as a succession of processes in time. One usual way to formalize time structure is to assume the global existence of time points and then collect some of them to form time intervals of processes. Under this set-theoretic approach, the logic that governs the processes acquires a Boolean structure. However, in a real distributed system or a relativistic universe where the message-passing time between different locations is not negligible, the logic has no choice but to accept time interval instead of time point as a primitive concept. From this modeling process of spatiotemporal structures, orthologic, the most simplified version of quantum logic, emerges naturally.
math.LO
a logical model of spatiotemporal structures is pictured as a succession of processes in time one usual way to formalize time structure is to assume the global existence of time points and then collect some of them to form time intervals of processes under this settheoretic approach the logic that governs the processes acquires a boolean structure however in a real distributed system or a relativistic universe where the messagepassing time between different locations is not negligible the logic has no choice but to accept time interval instead of time point as a primitive concept from this modeling process of spatiotemporal structures orthologic the most simplified version of quantum logic emerges naturally
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710.1399
Percolation in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Spin Glass
We present extended versions and give detailed proofs of results concerning percolation (using various sets of two-replica bond occupation variables) in Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glasses (with zero external field) that were first given in an earlier paper by the same authors. We also explain how ultrametricity is manifested by the densities of large percolating clusters. Our main theorems concern the connection between these densities and the usual spin overlap distribution. Their corollaries are that the ordered spin glass phase is characterized by a unique percolating cluster of maximal density (normally coexisting with a second cluster of nonzero but lower density). The proofs involve comparison inequalities between SK multireplica bond occupation variables and the independent variables of standard Erdos-Renyi random graphs.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech math.PR
we present extended versions and give detailed proofs of results concerning percolation using various sets of tworeplica bond occupation variables in sherringtonkirkpatrick spin glasses with zero external field that were first given in an earlier paper by the same authors we also explain how ultrametricity is manifested by the densities of large percolating clusters our main theorems concern the connection between these densities and the usual spin overlap distribution their corollaries are that the ordered spin glass phase is characterized by a unique percolating cluster of maximal density normally coexisting with a second cluster of nonzero but lower density the proofs involve comparison inequalities between sk multireplica bond occupation variables and the independent variables of standard erdosrenyi random graphs
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710.14
A new isotropic cell for studying the thermo-mechanical behavior of unsaturated expansive clays
This paper presents a new suction-temperature controlled isotropic cell that can be used to study the thermo-mechanical behavior of unsaturated expansive clays. The vapor equilibrium technique is used to control the soil suction; the temperature of the cell is controlled using a thermostat bath. The isotropic pressure is applied using a volume/pressure controller that is also used to monitor the volume change of soil specimen. Preliminary experimental results showed good performance of the cell.
physics.class-ph
this paper presents a new suctiontemperature controlled isotropic cell that can be used to study the thermomechanical behavior of unsaturated expansive clays the vapor equilibrium technique is used to control the soil suction the temperature of the cell is controlled using a thermostat bath the isotropic pressure is applied using a volumepressure controller that is also used to monitor the volume change of soil specimen preliminary experimental results showed good performance of the cell
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710.1401
Analysis of the B --> \pi \ell^+ \ell^- Decay in the Standard Model with Fourth Generation
We investigate the influence of the fourth generation quarks on the branching ratio and the CP-asymmetry in B -->\pi \ell^+ \ell^- decay. Taking the |V_{t'd}V_{t'b}| ~ 0.001 with phase about 10 degree, which is consistent with the sin2\phi_1 of the CKM and the B_d mixing parameter \Delta m_{B_d}, we obtain that for both muon and tau channels the branching ratio, the magnitude of CP-asymmetry and lepton polarization depict strong dependency on the 4th generation quarks mass and mixing parameters. These results can serve as a good tool to search for new physics effects, precisely, to search for the fourth generation quarks($t', b')$ via its indirect manifestations in loop diagrams.
hep-ph
we investigate the influence of the fourth generation quarks on the branching ratio and the cpasymmetry in b pi ell ell decay taking the v_tdv_tb 0001 with phase about 10 degree which is consistent with the sin2phi_1 of the ckm and the b_d mixing parameter delta m_b_d we obtain that for both muon and tau channels the branching ratio the magnitude of cpasymmetry and lepton polarization depict strong dependency on the 4th generation quarks mass and mixing parameters these results can serve as a good tool to search for new physics effects precisely to search for the fourth generation quarkst b via its indirect manifestations in loop diagrams
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710.1402
Covering an uncountable square by countably many continuous functions
We prove that there exists a countable family of continuous real functions whose graphs together with their inverses cover an uncountable square, i.e. a set of the form $X\times X$, where $X$ is an uncountable subset of the real line. This extends Sierpi\'nski's theorem from 1919, saying that $S\times S$ can be covered by countably many graphs of functions and inverses of functions if and only if the size of $S$ does not exceed $\aleph_1$. Our result is also motivated by Shelah's study of planar Borel sets without perfect rectangles.
math.LO math.GN
we prove that there exists a countable family of continuous real functions whose graphs together with their inverses cover an uncountable square ie a set of the form xtimes x where x is an uncountable subset of the real line this extends sierpinskis theorem from 1919 saying that stimes s can be covered by countably many graphs of functions and inverses of functions if and only if the size of s does not exceed aleph_1 our result is also motivated by shelahs study of planar borel sets without perfect rectangles
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710.1403
Decays in Quantum Hierarchical Models
We study the dynamics of a simple model for quantum decay, where a single state is coupled to a set of discrete states, the pseudo continuum, each coupled to a real continuum of states. We find that for constant matrix elements between the single state and the pseudo continuum the decay occurs via one state in a certain region of the parameters, involving the Dicke and quantum Zeno effects. When the matrix elements are random several cases are identified. For a pseudo continuum with small bandwidth there are weakly damped oscillations in the probability to be in the initial single state. For intermediate bandwidth one finds mesoscopic fluctuations in the probability with amplitude inversely proportional to the square root of the volume of the pseudo continuum space. They last for a long time compared to the non-random case.
quant-ph cond-mat.dis-nn
we study the dynamics of a simple model for quantum decay where a single state is coupled to a set of discrete states the pseudo continuum each coupled to a real continuum of states we find that for constant matrix elements between the single state and the pseudo continuum the decay occurs via one state in a certain region of the parameters involving the dicke and quantum zeno effects when the matrix elements are random several cases are identified for a pseudo continuum with small bandwidth there are weakly damped oscillations in the probability to be in the initial single state for intermediate bandwidth one finds mesoscopic fluctuations in the probability with amplitude inversely proportional to the square root of the volume of the pseudo continuum space they last for a long time compared to the nonrandom case
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710.1404
Performance Comparison of Persistence Frameworks
One of the essential and most complex components in the software development process is the database. The complexity increases when the "orientation" of the interacting components differs. A persistence framework moves the program data in its most natural form to and from a permanent data store, the database. Thus a persistence framework manages the database and the mapping between the database and the objects. This paper compares the performance of two persistence frameworks ? Hibernate and iBatis?s SQLMaps using a banking database. The performance of both of these tools in single and multi-user environments are evaluated.
cs.DB cs.IR
one of the essential and most complex components in the software development process is the database the complexity increases when the orientation of the interacting components differs a persistence framework moves the program data in its most natural form to and from a permanent data store the database thus a persistence framework manages the database and the mapping between the database and the objects this paper compares the performance of two persistence frameworks hibernate and ibatiss sqlmaps using a banking database the performance of both of these tools in single and multiuser environments are evaluated
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710.1405
Quiet Sun internetwork magnetic fields from the inversion of Hinode measurements
We analyze Fe I 630 nm observations of the quiet Sun at disk center taken with the spectropolarimeter of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite. A significant fraction of the scanned area, including granules, turns out to be covered by magnetic fields. We derive field strength and inclination probability density functions from a Milne-Eddington inversion of the observed Stokes profiles. They show that the internetwork consists of very inclined, hG fields. As expected, network areas exhibit a predominance of kG field concentrations. The high spatial resolution of Hinode's spectropolarimetric measurements brings to an agreement the results obtained from the analysis of visible and near-infrared lines.
astro-ph
we analyze fe i 630 nm observations of the quiet sun at disk center taken with the spectropolarimeter of the solar optical telescope aboard the hinode satellite a significant fraction of the scanned area including granules turns out to be covered by magnetic fields we derive field strength and inclination probability density functions from a milneeddington inversion of the observed stokes profiles they show that the internetwork consists of very inclined hg fields as expected network areas exhibit a predominance of kg field concentrations the high spatial resolution of hinodes spectropolarimetric measurements brings to an agreement the results obtained from the analysis of visible and nearinfrared lines
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710.1406
Limits from Weak Gravity Conjecture on Dark Energy Models
The weak gravity conjecture has been proposed as a criterion to distinguish the landscape from the swampland in string theory. As an application in cosmology of this conjecture, we use it to impose theoretical constraint on parameters of two types of dark energy models. Our analysis indicates that the Chaplygin-gas-type models realized in quintessence field are in the swampland, whereas the $a$ power-low decay model of the variable cosmological constant can be viable but the parameters are tightly constrained by the conjecture.
astro-ph
the weak gravity conjecture has been proposed as a criterion to distinguish the landscape from the swampland in string theory as an application in cosmology of this conjecture we use it to impose theoretical constraint on parameters of two types of dark energy models our analysis indicates that the chaplygingastype models realized in quintessence field are in the swampland whereas the a powerlow decay model of the variable cosmological constant can be viable but the parameters are tightly constrained by the conjecture
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710.1407
Strong influence of precursor powder on the critical current density of Fe-sheathed MgB2 tapes
The effect of the quality of starting powders on the microstructure and superconducting properties of in-situ processed Fe-sheathed MgB2 tapes has been investigated. Three different types of commercial atomized spherical magnesium powder and two different purities of amorphous boron powder were employed. When using the 10-micrometre magnesium as precursor powders, the Mg reacted with boron more uniformly and quickly, thus the uniformity of the fabricated MgB2 was improved and the grain size of the MgB2 was decreased, hence significant critical current density (Jc) enhancements were achieved for MgB2 tapes. Jc at 4.2 K for MgB2 tapes made from the 10 um Mg and high purity boron powders was at least a factor of ten higher than values measured for MgB2 samples made from all other starting powders. At 20 K, 5 T, the typical Jc values of the tapes were over 1.0x10^4 A/cm^2 and were much better than those of tape samples reported recently.
cond-mat.supr-con
the effect of the quality of starting powders on the microstructure and superconducting properties of insitu processed fesheathed mgb2 tapes has been investigated three different types of commercial atomized spherical magnesium powder and two different purities of amorphous boron powder were employed when using the 10micrometre magnesium as precursor powders the mg reacted with boron more uniformly and quickly thus the uniformity of the fabricated mgb2 was improved and the grain size of the mgb2 was decreased hence significant critical current density jc enhancements were achieved for mgb2 tapes jc at 42 k for mgb2 tapes made from the 10 um mg and high purity boron powders was at least a factor of ten higher than values measured for mgb2 samples made from all other starting powders at 20 k 5 t the typical jc values of the tapes were over 10x104 acm2 and were much better than those of tape samples reported recently
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710.1408
Exact L_2-small ball asymptotics of Gaussian processes and the spectrum of boundary value problems with "non-separated" boundary conditions
We sharpen a classical result on the spectral asymptotics of the boundary value problems for self-adjoint ordinary differential operator. Using this result we obtain the exact $L_2$-small ball asymptotics for a new class of zero mean Gaussian processes. This class includes, in particular, integrated generalized Slepian process, integrated centered Wiener process and integrated centered Brownian bridge.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
we sharpen a classical result on the spectral asymptotics of the boundary value problems for selfadjoint ordinary differential operator using this result we obtain the exact l_2small ball asymptotics for a new class of zero mean gaussian processes this class includes in particular integrated generalized slepian process integrated centered wiener process and integrated centered brownian bridge
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710.1409
Ejecta and progenitor of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z
The origin of low-luminosity Type IIP supernovae is unclear: they have been proposed to originate either from massive (about 25 Msun) or low-mass (about 9 Msun) stars. We wish to determine parameters of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z, to estimate a mass-loss rate of the presupernova, and to recover a progenitor mass. We compute the hydrodynamic models of the supernova to describe the light curves and the observed expansion velocities. The wind density of the presupernova is estimated using a thin shell model for the interaction with circumstellar matter. We estimate an ejecta mass of 14 Msun, an explosion energy of 2.45x10^50 erg, a presupernova radius of 229 Rsun, and a radioactive Ni-56 amount of 0.0063 Msun. The upper limit of the wind density parameter in the presupernova vicinity is 10^13 g/cm, and the mass lost at the red/yellow supergiant stage is less than 0.6 Msun assuming the constant mass-loss rate. The estimated progenitor mass is in the range of 14.4-17.4 Msun. The presupernova of SN 2003Z was probably a yellow supergiant at the time of the explosion. The progenitor mass of SN 2003Z is lower than those of SN 1987A and SN 1999em, normal Type IIP supernovae, but higher than the lower limit of stars undergoing a core collapse. We propose an observational test based on the circumstellar interaction to discriminate between the massive (about 25 Msun) and moderate-mass (about 16 Msun) scenarios.
astro-ph
the origin of lowluminosity type iip supernovae is unclear they have been proposed to originate either from massive about 25 msun or lowmass about 9 msun stars we wish to determine parameters of the lowluminosity type iip supernova 2003z to estimate a massloss rate of the presupernova and to recover a progenitor mass we compute the hydrodynamic models of the supernova to describe the light curves and the observed expansion velocities the wind density of the presupernova is estimated using a thin shell model for the interaction with circumstellar matter we estimate an ejecta mass of 14 msun an explosion energy of 245x1050 erg a presupernova radius of 229 rsun and a radioactive ni56 amount of 00063 msun the upper limit of the wind density parameter in the presupernova vicinity is 1013 gcm and the mass lost at the redyellow supergiant stage is less than 06 msun assuming the constant massloss rate the estimated progenitor mass is in the range of 144174 msun the presupernova of sn 2003z was probably a yellow supergiant at the time of the explosion the progenitor mass of sn 2003z is lower than those of sn 1987a and sn 1999em normal type iip supernovae but higher than the lower limit of stars undergoing a core collapse we propose an observational test based on the circumstellar interaction to discriminate between the massive about 25 msun and moderatemass about 16 msun scenarios
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710.141
Equivariant representable K-theory
We interpret certain equivariant Kasparov groups as equivariant representable K-theory groups. We compute these groups via a classifying space and as K-theory groups of suitable sigma-C*-algebras. We also relate equivariant vector bundles to these sigma-C*-algebras and provide sufficient conditions for equivariant vector bundles to generate representable K-theory. Mostly we work in the generality of locally compact groupoids with Haar system.
math.KT
we interpret certain equivariant kasparov groups as equivariant representable ktheory groups we compute these groups via a classifying space and as ktheory groups of suitable sigmacalgebras we also relate equivariant vector bundles to these sigmacalgebras and provide sufficient conditions for equivariant vector bundles to generate representable ktheory mostly we work in the generality of locally compact groupoids with haar system
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710.1411
MOND, dark matter, and conservation of energy
The MOND equation $m \vec a \mu(a) = \vec F$ could be transformed to the equivalent form $m \vec a = \vec{F'}$, where $\Vec{F'}$ is a transformed force. Using this transformation we argue that MOND could not avoid introducing dark matter, and introduces nonconservative terms to the equations of motion.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
the mond equation m vec a mua vec f could be transformed to the equivalent form m vec a vecf where vecf is a transformed force using this transformation we argue that mond could not avoid introducing dark matter and introduces nonconservative terms to the equations of motion
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710.1412
Conjugation-invariant norms on groups of geometric origin
A group is said to be bounded if it has a finite diameter with respect to any bi-invariant metric. In the present paper we discuss boundedness of various groups of diffeomorphisms.
math.GR math.GT
a group is said to be bounded if it has a finite diameter with respect to any biinvariant metric in the present paper we discuss boundedness of various groups of diffeomorphisms
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710.1413
Superconductivity in the New Platinum Germanides MPt4Ge12 (M = Rare-earth and Alkaline-earth Metals) with Filled Skutterudite Structure
New germanium-platinum compounds with the filled-skutterudite crystal structure were synthesized. The structure and composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction and microprobe analysis. Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements evidence superconductivity in LaPt4Ge12 and PrPt4Ge12 below 8.3K. The parameters of the normal and superconducting states were established. Strong coupling and a crystal electric field singlet groundstate is found for the Pr compound. Electronic structure calculations show a large density of states at the Fermi level. Similar behavior with lower T_c was observed for SrPt4Ge12 and BaPt4Ge12.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
new germaniumplatinum compounds with the filledskutterudite crystal structure were synthesized the structure and composition were investigated by xray diffraction and microprobe analysis magnetic susceptibility specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements evidence superconductivity in lapt4ge12 and prpt4ge12 below 83k the parameters of the normal and superconducting states were established strong coupling and a crystal electric field singlet groundstate is found for the pr compound electronic structure calculations show a large density of states at the fermi level similar behavior with lower t_c was observed for srpt4ge12 and bapt4ge12
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710.1414
Twisted mass QCD in the charm sector
We present preliminary results for the charm quark mass $m_c$ and the $D$ and $D_s$ mesons decay constants $f_D$ and $f_{D_s}$ from a lattice QCD calculation with ${\rm N_f}$ = 2 dynamical fermions. We use the twisted mass fermionic action defined at maximal twist so that physical quantities are automatically ${\cal O}(a)$ improved. Two lattice spacings are considered. The charm quark mass has been renormalised in the RI-MOM scheme. After a matching to the $\msb$ scheme, we obtain from the simulation at a fine lattice ($a \sim 0.09$ fm) $m_c^{\msb}(m_c) = 1.481 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.092$ GeV, $f_D = 205 \pm 13 \pm 17$ MeV, $f_{D_s} = 271 \pm 6 \pm 6$ MeV and from the simulation at the finer lattice ($a \sim 0.07$ fm) $m_c^{\msb}(m_c) = 1.474 \pm 0.041 \pm 0.132$ GeV, $f_D = 230 \pm 31 \pm 8$ MeV and $f_{D_s} = 264 \pm 5 \pm 8$ MeV. We chose three renormalisation conditions to determine $m_c$: the spread between the final results contributes to the systematic error. At both lattice spacings, particularly at the finer one, the error on $m_c$ is dominated by present uncertainty on the renormalisation constant $Z_P$, which should be reduced before performing a reliable continuum limit.
hep-lat
we present preliminary results for the charm quark mass m_c and the d and d_s mesons decay constants f_d and f_d_s from a lattice qcd calculation with rm n_f 2 dynamical fermions we use the twisted mass fermionic action defined at maximal twist so that physical quantities are automatically cal oa improved two lattice spacings are considered the charm quark mass has been renormalised in the rimom scheme after a matching to the msb scheme we obtain from the simulation at a fine lattice a sim 009 fm m_cmsbm_c 1481 pm 0022 pm 0092 gev f_d 205 pm 13 pm 17 mev f_d_s 271 pm 6 pm 6 mev and from the simulation at the finer lattice a sim 007 fm m_cmsbm_c 1474 pm 0041 pm 0132 gev f_d 230 pm 31 pm 8 mev and f_d_s 264 pm 5 pm 8 mev we chose three renormalisation conditions to determine m_c the spread between the final results contributes to the systematic error at both lattice spacings particularly at the finer one the error on m_c is dominated by present uncertainty on the renormalisation constant z_p which should be reduced before performing a reliable continuum limit
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710.1415
Quantum invariants and free Z_{p^2} -actions on 3-manifolds
We give a congruence for the quantum invariant of a Z_p-quotient of a 3$-manifold with a Z_{p^2} action. We show the congruence does not hold for quotients of 3--manifolds with a Z_{5}xZ_{5} action.
math.GT
we give a congruence for the quantum invariant of a z_pquotient of a 3manifold with a z_p2 action we show the congruence does not hold for quotients of 3manifolds with a z_5xz_5 action
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710.1416
Universal pulse sequence to minimize spin dephasing in the central spin decoherence problem
We present a remarkable finding that a recently discovered [G. S. Uhrig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 100504 (2007)] series of pulse sequences, designed to optimally restore coherence to a qubit in the spin-boson model of decoherence, is in fact completely model-independent and generically valid for arbitrary dephasing Hamiltonians given sufficiently short delay times between pulses. The series maximizes qubit fidelity versus number of applied pulses for sufficiently short delay times because the series, with each additional pulse, cancels successive orders of a time expansion for the fidelity decay. The "magical" universality of this property, which was not appreciated earlier, requires that a linearly growing set of "unknowns" (the delay times) must simultaneously satisfy an exponentially growing set of nonlinear equations that involve arbitrary dephasing Hamiltonian operators.
quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hall
we present a remarkable finding that a recently discovered g s uhrig phys rev lett 98 100504 2007 series of pulse sequences designed to optimally restore coherence to a qubit in the spinboson model of decoherence is in fact completely modelindependent and generically valid for arbitrary dephasing hamiltonians given sufficiently short delay times between pulses the series maximizes qubit fidelity versus number of applied pulses for sufficiently short delay times because the series with each additional pulse cancels successive orders of a time expansion for the fidelity decay the magical universality of this property which was not appreciated earlier requires that a linearly growing set of unknowns the delay times must simultaneously satisfy an exponentially growing set of nonlinear equations that involve arbitrary dephasing hamiltonian operators
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710.1417
Rotation of C60 in a single-molecule contact
The orientation of individual C60 molecules adsorbed on Cu(100) is reversibly switched when the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope is approached to contact the molecule. The probability of switching rises sharply upon displacing the tip beyond a threshold. A mechanical mechanism is suggested to induce the rotation of the molecule.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the orientation of individual c60 molecules adsorbed on cu100 is reversibly switched when the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope is approached to contact the molecule the probability of switching rises sharply upon displacing the tip beyond a threshold a mechanical mechanism is suggested to induce the rotation of the molecule
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710.1418
Non-Archimedean Ergodic Theory and Pseudorandom Generators
The paper develops techniques in order to construct computer programs, pseudorandom number generators (PRNG), that produce uniformly distributed sequences. The paper exploits an approach that treats standard processor instructions (arithmetic and bitwise logical ones) as continuous functions on the space of 2-adic integers. Within this approach, a PRNG is considered as a dynamical system and is studied by means of the non-Archimedean ergodic theory.
math.DS cs.IT math.IT
the paper develops techniques in order to construct computer programs pseudorandom number generators prng that produce uniformly distributed sequences the paper exploits an approach that treats standard processor instructions arithmetic and bitwise logical ones as continuous functions on the space of 2adic integers within this approach a prng is considered as a dynamical system and is studied by means of the nonarchimedean ergodic theory
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710.1419
Gelfand-Kirillov conjecture for symplectic reflection algebras
We construct functorially a class of algebras using the formalism of double derivations. These algebras extend to higher dimensions Crawley-Boevey and Holland's construction of deformed preprojective algebras and encompass symplectic reflection algebras associated to wreath products. We use this construction to show that the quotient field of a symplectic reflection algebra is "rational", confirming a pair of conjectures of Etingof and Ginzburg.
math.RA math.RT
we construct functorially a class of algebras using the formalism of double derivations these algebras extend to higher dimensions crawleyboevey and hollands construction of deformed preprojective algebras and encompass symplectic reflection algebras associated to wreath products we use this construction to show that the quotient field of a symplectic reflection algebra is rational confirming a pair of conjectures of etingof and ginzburg
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710.142
ESO540-032: a Transition-Type Dwarf in the Sculptor Group
A color-magnitude diagram (CMD) based on HST/ACS data is presented for the Sculptor group dwarf galaxy ESO540-032. The CMD is dominated by an old red giant population but there is a small population of blue stars confined to the central regions of the galaxy as orginally noted by Jerjen and Rejkuba from ground-based data. From the luminosity of the red giant branch tip the distance is determined as 3.7 +/- 0.2 Mpc consistent with previous estimates. The mean metallicity is estimated as [Fe/H] = -1.7 +/- 0.2 from the color of the red giant branch. Isochrone fits indicate an age for the blue star population of ~100 Myr, perhaps less. New HI observations with the Australian Telescope Compact Array confirm that the dwarf contains approximately 10^6 solar masses of HI, centered on the optical image. The HI mass to blue luminosity ratio is 0.15, comparable to the Phoenix dwarf in the Local Group. These properties clearly confirm ESO540-032 as a transition-type dwarf in the Sculptor group.
astro-ph
a colormagnitude diagram cmd based on hstacs data is presented for the sculptor group dwarf galaxy eso540032 the cmd is dominated by an old red giant population but there is a small population of blue stars confined to the central regions of the galaxy as orginally noted by jerjen and rejkuba from groundbased data from the luminosity of the red giant branch tip the distance is determined as 37 02 mpc consistent with previous estimates the mean metallicity is estimated as feh 17 02 from the color of the red giant branch isochrone fits indicate an age for the blue star population of 100 myr perhaps less new hi observations with the australian telescope compact array confirm that the dwarf contains approximately 106 solar masses of hi centered on the optical image the hi mass to blue luminosity ratio is 015 comparable to the phoenix dwarf in the local group these properties clearly confirm eso540032 as a transitiontype dwarf in the sculptor group
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710.1421
Stochastic Simulations of the Repressilator Circuit
The genetic repressilator circuit consists of three transcription factors, or repressors, which negatively regulate each other in a cyclic manner. This circuit was synthetically constructed on plasmids in {\it Escherichia coli} and was found to exhibit oscillations in the concentrations of the three repressors. Since the repressors and their binding sites often appear in low copy numbers, the oscillations are noisy and irregular. Therefore, the repressilator circuit cannot be fully analyzed using deterministic methods such as rate-equations. Here we perform stochastic analysis of the repressilator circuit using the master equation and Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that fluctuations modify the range of conditions in which oscillations appear as well as their amplitude and period, compared to the deterministic equations. The deterministic and stochastic approaches coincide only in the limit in which all the relevant components, including free proteins, plasmids and bound proteins, appear in high copy numbers. We also find that subtle features such as cooperative binding and bound-repressor degradation strongly affect the existence and properties of the oscillations.
q-bio.MN
the genetic repressilator circuit consists of three transcription factors or repressors which negatively regulate each other in a cyclic manner this circuit was synthetically constructed on plasmids in it escherichia coli and was found to exhibit oscillations in the concentrations of the three repressors since the repressors and their binding sites often appear in low copy numbers the oscillations are noisy and irregular therefore the repressilator circuit cannot be fully analyzed using deterministic methods such as rateequations here we perform stochastic analysis of the repressilator circuit using the master equation and monte carlo simulations it is found that fluctuations modify the range of conditions in which oscillations appear as well as their amplitude and period compared to the deterministic equations the deterministic and stochastic approaches coincide only in the limit in which all the relevant components including free proteins plasmids and bound proteins appear in high copy numbers we also find that subtle features such as cooperative binding and boundrepressor degradation strongly affect the existence and properties of the oscillations
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710.1422
Charm and bottom heavy baryon mass spectrum from lattice QCD with 2+1
We present results for the mass spectrum of charm and bottom heavy baryons, using MILC coarse lattice configurations with 2+1 flavors. Clover heavy quark propagators with the Fermilab interpretation and improved staggered light quark propagators are used to construct two point functions with local operators for different flavor and spin states.
hep-lat
we present results for the mass spectrum of charm and bottom heavy baryons using milc coarse lattice configurations with 21 flavors clover heavy quark propagators with the fermilab interpretation and improved staggered light quark propagators are used to construct two point functions with local operators for different flavor and spin states
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710.1423
Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formalism reexamined: non-relativistic approximation for spin 0 and spin 1 particles in a Riemannian space-time
It is shown that the generally covariant Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation, formulated in the frame of the Tetrode-Weyl-Fock-Ivanenko tetrad formalism, allows for a non-relativistic approximation if the metric tensor is of a special form. The Pauli equation for a vector particle involves the Riemann curvature tensor explicitly. In analogous way, the procedure of the non-relativistic approximation in the theory of scalar particle, charged and neutral, is investigated in the background of Riemannian space-time. A generalized covariant Schrodinger equation is derived when taking into account non-minimal interaction term through scalar curvature R(x), it substantially differs from the conventional generally covariant Schrodinger equation produced when R(x)=0. It is demonstrated that the the non-relativistic wave function is always complex-valued irrespective of the type of relativistic scalar particle, charged or neutral, taken initially. The theory of vector particle proves the same property: even if the wave function of the relativistic particle of spin 1 is taken real,the corresponding wave function in the non-relativistic approximation is complex-valued.
hep-th
it is shown that the generally covariant duffinkemmerpetiau equation formulated in the frame of the tetrodeweylfockivanenko tetrad formalism allows for a nonrelativistic approximation if the metric tensor is of a special form the pauli equation for a vector particle involves the riemann curvature tensor explicitly in analogous way the procedure of the nonrelativistic approximation in the theory of scalar particle charged and neutral is investigated in the background of riemannian spacetime a generalized covariant schrodinger equation is derived when taking into account nonminimal interaction term through scalar curvature rx it substantially differs from the conventional generally covariant schrodinger equation produced when rx0 it is demonstrated that the the nonrelativistic wave function is always complexvalued irrespective of the type of relativistic scalar particle charged or neutral taken initially the theory of vector particle proves the same property even if the wave function of the relativistic particle of spin 1 is taken realthe corresponding wave function in the nonrelativistic approximation is complexvalued
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710.1424
The gluon propagator from large asymmetric lattices
The Landau-gauge gluon propagator is computed for the SU(3) gauge theory on lattices up to a size of $32^3 \times 200$. We use the standard Wilson action at $\beta = 6.0$ and compare our results with previous computations using large asymmetric and symmetric lattices. In particular, we focus on the impact of the lattice geometry and momentum cuts to achieve compatibility between data from symmetric and asymmetric lattices for a large range of momenta.
hep-lat
the landaugauge gluon propagator is computed for the su3 gauge theory on lattices up to a size of 323 times 200 we use the standard wilson action at beta 60 and compare our results with previous computations using large asymmetric and symmetric lattices in particular we focus on the impact of the lattice geometry and momentum cuts to achieve compatibility between data from symmetric and asymmetric lattices for a large range of momenta
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710.1425
Classification of 1st order symplectic spinor operators over contact projective geometries
We give a classification of $1^{st}$ order invariant differential operators acting between sections of certain bundles associated to Cartan geometries of the so called metaplectic contact projective type. These bundles are associated via representations, which are derived from the so called higher symplectic, harmonic or generalized Kostant spinor modules. Higher symplectic spinor modules are arising from the Segal-Shale-Weil representation of the metaplectic group by tensoring it by finite dimensional modules. We show that for all pairs of the considered bundles, there is at most one $1^{st}$ order invariant differential operator up to a complex multiple and give an equivalence condition for the existence of such an operator. Contact projective analogues of the well known Dirac, twistor and Rarita-Schwinger operators appearing in Riemannian geometry are special examples of these operators.
math.DG math.RT
we give a classification of 1st order invariant differential operators acting between sections of certain bundles associated to cartan geometries of the so called metaplectic contact projective type these bundles are associated via representations which are derived from the so called higher symplectic harmonic or generalized kostant spinor modules higher symplectic spinor modules are arising from the segalshaleweil representation of the metaplectic group by tensoring it by finite dimensional modules we show that for all pairs of the considered bundles there is at most one 1st order invariant differential operator up to a complex multiple and give an equivalence condition for the existence of such an operator contact projective analogues of the well known dirac twistor and raritaschwinger operators appearing in riemannian geometry are special examples of these operators
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710.1426
Automorphisms of non-spherical buildings have unbounded displacement
If f is a nontrivial automorphism of a thick building Delta of purely infinite type, we prove that there is no bound on the distance that f moves a chamber. This has the following group-theoretic consequence: If G is a group of automorphisms of Delta with bounded quotient, then the center of G is trivial.
math.GR
if f is a nontrivial automorphism of a thick building delta of purely infinite type we prove that there is no bound on the distance that f moves a chamber this has the following grouptheoretic consequence if g is a group of automorphisms of delta with bounded quotient then the center of g is trivial
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710.1427
Testing the correctness of the Poynting vector \vec E\times\vec B as the momentum density of gauge fields
Following our recent finding that the renowned formula $\vec x\times (\vec E\times\vec B)$ is not the correct density for the electromagnetic angular momentum, here we examine the validity of the Poynting vector $\vec E \times\vec B$ as the electromagnetic momentum density (or energy flux). The competitor is the gauge-invariant canonical momentum $E^i\vec \nabla A^i_\perp$. It often gives the same result as $\vec E\times\vec B$, but we propose that a delicate measurement (of the {\em azimuthal} energy flow in polarized atomic radiations) can make a discrimination. By clarifying the profound difference between two kinds of energy-momentum tensors: the canonical (or mechanical) one and the symmetric (or gravitational) one, we predict that it is $E^i\vec \nabla A^i_\perp$ that would pass the delicate experimental test. Our observations have far-reaching implications for understanding the source of gravity, and the nucleon momentum as well.
hep-ph
following our recent finding that the renowned formula vec xtimes vec etimesvec b is not the correct density for the electromagnetic angular momentum here we examine the validity of the poynting vector vec e timesvec b as the electromagnetic momentum density or energy flux the competitor is the gaugeinvariant canonical momentum eivec nabla ai_perp it often gives the same result as vec etimesvec b but we propose that a delicate measurement of the em azimuthal energy flow in polarized atomic radiations can make a discrimination by clarifying the profound difference between two kinds of energymomentum tensors the canonical or mechanical one and the symmetric or gravitational one we predict that it is eivec nabla ai_perp that would pass the delicate experimental test our observations have farreaching implications for understanding the source of gravity and the nucleon momentum as well
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710.1428
Investigating rare diffusion events in silicon by temperature-accelerated tight-binding molecular dynamics
withdrawn by author
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
withdrawn by author
[['withdrawn', 'by', 'author']]
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710.1429
The bound on viscosity and the generalized second law of thermodynamics
We describe a new paradox for ideal fluids. It arises in the accretion of an \textit{ideal} fluid onto a black hole, where, under suitable boundary conditions, the flow can violate the generalized second law of thermodynamics. The paradox indicates that there is in fact a lower bound to the correlation length of any \textit{real} fluid, the value of which is determined by the thermodynamic properties of that fluid. We observe that the universal bound on entropy, itself suggested by the generalized second law, puts a lower bound on the correlation length of any fluid in terms of its specific entropy. With the help of a new, efficient estimate for the viscosity of liquids, we argue that this also means that viscosity is bounded from below in a way reminiscent of the conjectured Kovtun-Son-Starinets lower bound on the ratio of viscosity to entropy density. We conclude that much light may be shed on the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound by suitable arguments based on the generalized second law.
gr-qc hep-th physics.flu-dyn
we describe a new paradox for ideal fluids it arises in the accretion of an textitideal fluid onto a black hole where under suitable boundary conditions the flow can violate the generalized second law of thermodynamics the paradox indicates that there is in fact a lower bound to the correlation length of any textitreal fluid the value of which is determined by the thermodynamic properties of that fluid we observe that the universal bound on entropy itself suggested by the generalized second law puts a lower bound on the correlation length of any fluid in terms of its specific entropy with the help of a new efficient estimate for the viscosity of liquids we argue that this also means that viscosity is bounded from below in a way reminiscent of the conjectured kovtunsonstarinets lower bound on the ratio of viscosity to entropy density we conclude that much light may be shed on the kovtunsonstarinets bound by suitable arguments based on the generalized second law
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710.143
Analysis of Hamiltonian formulations of linearized General Relativity
The different forms of the Hamiltonian formulations of linearized General Relativity/spin-two theories are discussed in order to show their similarities and differences. It is demonstrated that in the linear model, non-covariant modifications to the initial covariant Lagrangian (similar to those modifications used in full gravity) are in fact unnecessary. The Hamiltonians and the constraints are different in these two formulations but the structure of the constraint algebra and the gauge invariance derived from it are the same. It is shown that these equivalent Hamiltonian formulations are related to each other by a canonical transformation which is explicitly given. The relevance of these results to the full theory of General Relativity is briefly discussed.
gr-qc hep-th
the different forms of the hamiltonian formulations of linearized general relativityspintwo theories are discussed in order to show their similarities and differences it is demonstrated that in the linear model noncovariant modifications to the initial covariant lagrangian similar to those modifications used in full gravity are in fact unnecessary the hamiltonians and the constraints are different in these two formulations but the structure of the constraint algebra and the gauge invariance derived from it are the same it is shown that these equivalent hamiltonian formulations are related to each other by a canonical transformation which is explicitly given the relevance of these results to the full theory of general relativity is briefly discussed
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710.1431
High-resolution polarimetry of Parsamian 21: revealing the structure of an edge-on FU Ori disc
We present the first high spatial resolution near-infrared direct and polarimetric observations of Parsamian 21, obtained with the VLT/NACO instrument. We complemented these measurements with archival infrared observations, such as HST/WFPC2 imaging, HST/NICMOS polarimetry, Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry, Spitzer IRS spectroscopy as well as ISO photometry. Our main conclusions are the following: (1) we argue that Parsamian 21 is probably an FU Orionis-type object; (2) Parsamian 21 is not associated with any rich cluster of young stars; (3) our measurements reveal a circumstellar envelope, a polar cavity and an edge-on disc; the disc seems to be geometrically flat and extends from approximately 48 to 360 AU from the star; (4) the SED can be reproduced with a simple model of a circumstellar disc and an envelope; (5) within the framework of an evolutionary sequence of FUors proposed by Green et al. (2006) and Quanz et al. (2007), Parsamian 21 can be classified as an intermediate-aged object.
astro-ph
we present the first high spatial resolution nearinfrared direct and polarimetric observations of parsamian 21 obtained with the vltnaco instrument we complemented these measurements with archival infrared observations such as hstwfpc2 imaging hstnicmos polarimetry spitzer irac and mips photometry spitzer irs spectroscopy as well as iso photometry our main conclusions are the following 1 we argue that parsamian 21 is probably an fu orionistype object 2 parsamian 21 is not associated with any rich cluster of young stars 3 our measurements reveal a circumstellar envelope a polar cavity and an edgeon disc the disc seems to be geometrically flat and extends from approximately 48 to 360 au from the star 4 the sed can be reproduced with a simple model of a circumstellar disc and an envelope 5 within the framework of an evolutionary sequence of fuors proposed by green et al 2006 and quanz et al 2007 parsamian 21 can be classified as an intermediateaged object
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710.1432
Pareto law of the expenditure of a person in convenience stores
We study the statistical laws of the expenditure of a person in convenience stores by analysing around 100 million receipts. The density function of expenditure exhibits a fat tail that follows a power law. We observe the Pareto principle where both the top 25% and 2% of the customers account for 80% and 25% of the store's sales, respectively. Using the Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient is estimated to be 0.70; this implies a strong economic inequality.
physics.soc-ph
we study the statistical laws of the expenditure of a person in convenience stores by analysing around 100 million receipts the density function of expenditure exhibits a fat tail that follows a power law we observe the pareto principle where both the top 25 and 2 of the customers account for 80 and 25 of the stores sales respectively using the lorenz curve the gini coefficient is estimated to be 070 this implies a strong economic inequality
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710.1433
The Ly<alpha> and Ly<beta> profiles in solar prominences and prominence fine structure
We present the first combined Ly<alpha> and Ly<beta> profiles in solar prominences obtained by the SOHO/SUMER instrument and discuss their important spatial variability with respect to predictions from 1D and multithread models.
astro-ph
we present the first combined lyalpha and lybeta profiles in solar prominences obtained by the sohosumer instrument and discuss their important spatial variability with respect to predictions from 1d and multithread models
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710.1434
Estimation Prospects of the Source Number Density of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays
We discuss the possibility of accurately estimating the source number density of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) using small-scale anisotropy in their arrival distribution. The arrival distribution has information on their source and source distribution. We calculate the propagation of UHE protons in a structured extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF) and simulate their arrival distribution at the Earth using our previously developed method. The source number density that can best reproduce observational results by Akeno Giant Air Shower Array is estimated at about $10^{-5} {\rm Mpc}^{-3}$ in a simple source model. Despite having large uncertainties of about one order of magnitude, due to small number of observed events in current status, we find that more detection of UHECRs in the Auger era can sufficiently decrease this so that the source number density can be more robustly estimated. 200 event observation above $4 \times 10^{19} {\rm eV}$ in a hemisphere can discriminate between $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-6} {\rm Mpc}^{-3}$. Number of events to discriminate between $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-5} {\rm Mpc}^{-3}$ is dependent on EGMF strength. We also discuss the same in another source model in this paper.
astro-ph
we discuss the possibility of accurately estimating the source number density of ultrahighenergy cosmic rays uhecrs using smallscale anisotropy in their arrival distribution the arrival distribution has information on their source and source distribution we calculate the propagation of uhe protons in a structured extragalactic magnetic field egmf and simulate their arrival distribution at the earth using our previously developed method the source number density that can best reproduce observational results by akeno giant air shower array is estimated at about 105 rm mpc3 in a simple source model despite having large uncertainties of about one order of magnitude due to small number of observed events in current status we find that more detection of uhecrs in the auger era can sufficiently decrease this so that the source number density can be more robustly estimated 200 event observation above 4 times 1019 rm ev in a hemisphere can discriminate between 105 and 106 rm mpc3 number of events to discriminate between 104 and 105 rm mpc3 is dependent on egmf strength we also discuss the same in another source model in this paper
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710.1435
Faster Least Squares Approximation
Least squares approximation is a technique to find an approximate solution to a system of linear equations that has no exact solution. In a typical setting, one lets $n$ be the number of constraints and $d$ be the number of variables, with $n \gg d$. Then, existing exact methods find a solution vector in $O(nd^2)$ time. We present two randomized algorithms that provide very accurate relative-error approximations to the optimal value and the solution vector of a least squares approximation problem more rapidly than existing exact algorithms. Both of our algorithms preprocess the data with the Randomized Hadamard Transform. One then uniformly randomly samples constraints and solves the smaller problem on those constraints, and the other performs a sparse random projection and solves the smaller problem on those projected coordinates. In both cases, solving the smaller problem provides relative-error approximations, and, if $n$ is sufficiently larger than $d$, the approximate solution can be computed in $O(nd \log d)$ time.
cs.DS
least squares approximation is a technique to find an approximate solution to a system of linear equations that has no exact solution in a typical setting one lets n be the number of constraints and d be the number of variables with n gg d then existing exact methods find a solution vector in ond2 time we present two randomized algorithms that provide very accurate relativeerror approximations to the optimal value and the solution vector of a least squares approximation problem more rapidly than existing exact algorithms both of our algorithms preprocess the data with the randomized hadamard transform one then uniformly randomly samples constraints and solves the smaller problem on those constraints and the other performs a sparse random projection and solves the smaller problem on those projected coordinates in both cases solving the smaller problem provides relativeerror approximations and if n is sufficiently larger than d the approximate solution can be computed in ond log d time
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710.1436
Polish grid infrastructure for science and research
Structure, functionality, parameters and organization of the computing Grid in Poland is described, mainly from the perspective of high-energy particle physics community, currently its largest consumer and developer. It represents distributed Tier-2 in the worldwide Grid infrastructure. It also provides services and resources for data-intensive applications in other sciences.
cs.DC hep-ex
structure functionality parameters and organization of the computing grid in poland is described mainly from the perspective of highenergy particle physics community currently its largest consumer and developer it represents distributed tier2 in the worldwide grid infrastructure it also provides services and resources for dataintensive applications in other sciences
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710.1437
Perturbative matching of heavy-light currents at one-loop
We present results of a perturbative matching calculation performed at one-loop for heavy-light currents. We use the Fermilab action for the heavy quarks, the Asqtad action for the light quarks, and an improved gluon action. We also present results for heavy-heavy currents with Fermilab heavy quarks and improved glue.
hep-lat
we present results of a perturbative matching calculation performed at oneloop for heavylight currents we use the fermilab action for the heavy quarks the asqtad action for the light quarks and an improved gluon action we also present results for heavyheavy currents with fermilab heavy quarks and improved glue
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710.1438
The accuracy of merging approximation in generalized St. Petersburg games
Merging asymptotic expansions of arbitrary length are established for the distribution functions and for the probabilities of suitably centered and normalized cumulative winnings in a full sequence of generalized St. Petersburg games, extending the short expansions due to Cs\"org\H{o}, S., Merging asymptotic expansions in generalized St. Petersburg games, \textit{Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged)} \textbf{73} 297--331, 2007. These expansions are given in terms of suitably chosen members from the classes of subsequential semistable infinitely divisible asymptotic distribution functions and certain derivatives of these functions. The length of the expansion depends upon the tail parameter. Both uniform and nonuniform bounds are presented.
math.PR
merging asymptotic expansions of arbitrary length are established for the distribution functions and for the probabilities of suitably centered and normalized cumulative winnings in a full sequence of generalized st petersburg games extending the short expansions due to csorgho s merging asymptotic expansions in generalized st petersburg games textitacta sci math szeged textbf73 297331 2007 these expansions are given in terms of suitably chosen members from the classes of subsequential semistable infinitely divisible asymptotic distribution functions and certain derivatives of these functions the length of the expansion depends upon the tail parameter both uniform and nonuniform bounds are presented
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710.1439
Trading activity as driven Poisson process: comparison with empirical data
We propose the point process model as the Poissonian-like stochastic sequence with slowly diffusing mean rate and adjust the parameters of the model to the empirical data of trading activity for 26 stocks traded on NYSE. The proposed scaled stochastic differential equation provides the universal description of the trading activities with the same parameters applicable for all stocks.
q-fin.TR physics.data-an physics.soc-ph
we propose the point process model as the poissonianlike stochastic sequence with slowly diffusing mean rate and adjust the parameters of the model to the empirical data of trading activity for 26 stocks traded on nyse the proposed scaled stochastic differential equation provides the universal description of the trading activities with the same parameters applicable for all stocks
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710.144
The UV spectrum of the Galactic bulge
The UV excess shown by elliptical galaxies in their spectra is believed to be caused by evolved low-mass stars, in particular sdB stars. The stellar system most similar to the ellipticals for age and metallicity, in which it is possible to resolve these stars, is the bulge of our Galaxy. sdB star candidates were observed in the color magnitude diagram of a bulge region by Zoccali et al. (2003). The follow-up spectroscopic analysis of these stars confirmed that most of these stars are bulge sdBs, while some candidates turned out to be disk sdBs or cool stars. Both spectroscopic and photometric data and a spectral library are used to construct the integrated spectrum of the observed bulge region from the UV to the optical: the stars in the color magnitude diagram are associated to the library spectra, on the basis of their evolutionary status and temperature. The total integrated spectrum is obtained as the sum of the spectra associated to the color magnitude diagram. The comparison of the obtained integrated spectrum with old single stellar population synthetic spectra calculated by Bruzual & Charlot (2003) agrees with age and metallicity of the bulge found by previous work. The bulge integrated spectrum shows only a very weak UV excess, but a too strict selection of the sample of the sdB star candidates in the color magnitude diagram and the exclusion of post-Asymptotic Giant Branch stars could have influenced the result.
astro-ph
the uv excess shown by elliptical galaxies in their spectra is believed to be caused by evolved lowmass stars in particular sdb stars the stellar system most similar to the ellipticals for age and metallicity in which it is possible to resolve these stars is the bulge of our galaxy sdb star candidates were observed in the color magnitude diagram of a bulge region by zoccali et al 2003 the followup spectroscopic analysis of these stars confirmed that most of these stars are bulge sdbs while some candidates turned out to be disk sdbs or cool stars both spectroscopic and photometric data and a spectral library are used to construct the integrated spectrum of the observed bulge region from the uv to the optical the stars in the color magnitude diagram are associated to the library spectra on the basis of their evolutionary status and temperature the total integrated spectrum is obtained as the sum of the spectra associated to the color magnitude diagram the comparison of the obtained integrated spectrum with old single stellar population synthetic spectra calculated by bruzual charlot 2003 agrees with age and metallicity of the bulge found by previous work the bulge integrated spectrum shows only a very weak uv excess but a too strict selection of the sample of the sdb star candidates in the color magnitude diagram and the exclusion of postasymptotic giant branch stars could have influenced the result
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710.1441
SUSY R parity violation and CP asymmetry in semi-leptonic tau-decays
We analyze the CP violation in the semileptonic | \Delta S|=1 tau-decays in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model (SM) with R parity violating term. We show that the CP asymmetry of tau-decay is enhanced significantly and the current experimental limits obtained by CLEO collaborations can be easily accommodated. We argue that observing CP violation in semi leptonic tau-decay would be a clear evidence for R-parity violating SUSY extension of the SM.
hep-ph
we analyze the cp violation in the semileptonic delta s1 taudecays in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model sm with r parity violating term we show that the cp asymmetry of taudecay is enhanced significantly and the current experimental limits obtained by cleo collaborations can be easily accommodated we argue that observing cp violation in semi leptonic taudecay would be a clear evidence for rparity violating susy extension of the sm
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710.1442
Coherence properties of photons emitted by single defect centers in diamond
Photon interference among distant quantum emitters is a promising method to generate large scale quantum networks. Interference is best achieved when photons show long coherence times. For the nitrogen-vacancy defect center in diamond we measure the coherence times of photons via optically induced Rabi oscillations. Experiments reveal a close to Fourier transform (i.e. lifetime) limited width of photons emitted even when averaged over minutes. The projected contrast of two-photon interference (0.8) is high enough to envisage the applications in quantum information processing. We report 12 and 7.8 ns excited state lifetime depending on the spin state of the defect.
quant-ph
photon interference among distant quantum emitters is a promising method to generate large scale quantum networks interference is best achieved when photons show long coherence times for the nitrogenvacancy defect center in diamond we measure the coherence times of photons via optically induced rabi oscillations experiments reveal a close to fourier transform ie lifetime limited width of photons emitted even when averaged over minutes the projected contrast of twophoton interference 08 is high enough to envisage the applications in quantum information processing we report 12 and 78 ns excited state lifetime depending on the spin state of the defect
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710.1443
Variations on themes of Kostant
Let g be a complex semisimple Lie algebra and let G' be the Langlands dual group. We give a description of the cohomology algebra of an arbitrary spherical Schubert variety in the loop Grassmannian for G' as a quotient of the form Sym(g^e)/J. Here, J is an appropriate ideal in the symmetric algebra of g^e, the centralizer of a principal nilpotent in g. We also discuss a `topological' proof of Kostant's famous result on the structure of the polynomial algebra on g.
math.RT math.AG
let g be a complex semisimple lie algebra and let g be the langlands dual group we give a description of the cohomology algebra of an arbitrary spherical schubert variety in the loop grassmannian for g as a quotient of the form symgej here j is an appropriate ideal in the symmetric algebra of ge the centralizer of a principal nilpotent in g we also discuss a topological proof of kostants famous result on the structure of the polynomial algebra on g
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710.1444
Detecting Life-bearing Extra-solar Planets with Space Telescopes
One of the promising methods to search for life on extra-solar planets (exoplanets) is to detect life's signatures in their atmospheres. Spectra of exoplanet atmospheres at the modest resolution needed to search for oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and methane will demand large collecting areas and large diameters to capture and isolate the light from planets in the habitable zones around the stars. For telescopes using coronagraphs to isolate the light from the planet, each doubling of telescope diameter will increase the available sample of stars by an order of magnitude, indicating a high scientific return if the technical difficulties of constructing very large space telescopes can be overcome. For telescopes detecting atmospheric signatures of transiting planets, the sample size increases only linearly with diameter, and the available samples are probably too small to guarantee detection of life-bearing planets. Using samples of nearby stars suitable for exoplanet searches, this paper shows that the demands of searching for life with either technique will require large telescopes, with diameters of order 10m or larger in space.
astro-ph
one of the promising methods to search for life on extrasolar planets exoplanets is to detect lifes signatures in their atmospheres spectra of exoplanet atmospheres at the modest resolution needed to search for oxygen carbon dioxide water and methane will demand large collecting areas and large diameters to capture and isolate the light from planets in the habitable zones around the stars for telescopes using coronagraphs to isolate the light from the planet each doubling of telescope diameter will increase the available sample of stars by an order of magnitude indicating a high scientific return if the technical difficulties of constructing very large space telescopes can be overcome for telescopes detecting atmospheric signatures of transiting planets the sample size increases only linearly with diameter and the available samples are probably too small to guarantee detection of lifebearing planets using samples of nearby stars suitable for exoplanet searches this paper shows that the demands of searching for life with either technique will require large telescopes with diameters of order 10m or larger in space
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710.1445
String topology prospectra and Hochschild cohomology
We study string topology for classifying spaces of connected compact Lie groups, drawing connections with Hochschild cohomology and equivariant homotopy theory. First, for a compact Lie group $G$, we show that the string topology prospectrum $LBG^{-TBG}$ is equivalent to the homotopy fixed-point prospectrum for the conjugation action of $G$ on itself, $G^{hG}$. Dually, we identify $LBG^{-ad}$ with the homotopy orbit spectrum $(DG)_{hG}$, and study ring and co-ring structures on these spectra. Finally, we show that in homology, these products may be identified with the Gerstenhaber cup product in the Hochschild cohomology of $C^*(BG)$ and $C_*(G)$, respectively. These, in turn, are isomorphic via Koszul duality.
math.AT math.QA
we study string topology for classifying spaces of connected compact lie groups drawing connections with hochschild cohomology and equivariant homotopy theory first for a compact lie group g we show that the string topology prospectrum lbgtbg is equivalent to the homotopy fixedpoint prospectrum for the conjugation action of g on itself ghg dually we identify lbgad with the homotopy orbit spectrum dg_hg and study ring and coring structures on these spectra finally we show that in homology these products may be identified with the gerstenhaber cup product in the hochschild cohomology of cbg and c_g respectively these in turn are isomorphic via koszul duality
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710.1446
The quadrupole mechanism of hole spin relaxation
For spin-3/2 holes the anisotropic part of the instantaneous Luttinger Hamiltonian can be represented as an effective quadrupole coupling. We investigate the hole spin relaxation process induced by nonadiabatic fluctuations of this interaction. The obtained analytical solution of the stochastic Liouville equation describes the polarization decay of spin-3/2 holes in all regimes of momentum scattering: from collision-dominated to ballistic. Our results create the basis for quantitative interpretation of recent experiments and elucidate the striking difference between the hole spin relaxation process in bulk crystals and 2D semiconductor nanostructures.
cond-mat.mes-hall
for spin32 holes the anisotropic part of the instantaneous luttinger hamiltonian can be represented as an effective quadrupole coupling we investigate the hole spin relaxation process induced by nonadiabatic fluctuations of this interaction the obtained analytical solution of the stochastic liouville equation describes the polarization decay of spin32 holes in all regimes of momentum scattering from collisiondominated to ballistic our results create the basis for quantitative interpretation of recent experiments and elucidate the striking difference between the hole spin relaxation process in bulk crystals and 2d semiconductor nanostructures
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710.1447
Quantum information processing using nuclear and electron magnetic resonance: review and prospects
This paper describes recent progress using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a platform for implementing quantum information processing (QIP) tasks. The basic ideas of NMR QIP are detailed, examining the successes and limitations of liquid and solid state experiments. Finally, a future direction for implementing quantum processors is suggested,utilizing both nuclear and electron spin degrees of freedom.
quant-ph
this paper describes recent progress using nuclear magnetic resonance nmr as a platform for implementing quantum information processing qip tasks the basic ideas of nmr qip are detailed examining the successes and limitations of liquid and solid state experiments finally a future direction for implementing quantum processors is suggestedutilizing both nuclear and electron spin degrees of freedom
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710.1448
Operational axioms for C*-algebra representation of transformations
It is shown how a C*-algebra representation of the transformations of a physical system can be derived from two operational postulates: 1) the existence of dynamically independent systems}; 2) the existence of symmetric faithful states. Both notions are crucial for the possibility of performing experiments on the system, in preventing remote instantaneous influences and in allowing calibration of apparatuses. The case of Quantum Mechanics is thoroughly analyzed. The possibility that other no-signaling theories admit a C*-algebra formulation is discussed.
quant-ph
it is shown how a calgebra representation of the transformations of a physical system can be derived from two operational postulates 1 the existence of dynamically independent systems 2 the existence of symmetric faithful states both notions are crucial for the possibility of performing experiments on the system in preventing remote instantaneous influences and in allowing calibration of apparatuses the case of quantum mechanics is thoroughly analyzed the possibility that other nosignaling theories admit a calgebra formulation is discussed
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710.1449
Perturbing QCD with external fields
We present some up-to-date results on QCD phase transition in a chromomagnetic constant background field and in an abelian monopole background field. Our results indicate that the QCD critical temperature is not modified by a monopole background field, whilst it is modified by a constant chromomagnetic field. We improve our earlier estimate of the QCD critical parameters in a chromomagnetic background field by performing lattice simulations with weaker fields.
hep-lat
we present some uptodate results on qcd phase transition in a chromomagnetic constant background field and in an abelian monopole background field our results indicate that the qcd critical temperature is not modified by a monopole background field whilst it is modified by a constant chromomagnetic field we improve our earlier estimate of the qcd critical parameters in a chromomagnetic background field by performing lattice simulations with weaker fields
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710.145
Prospects in the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Moon with the advent of sub-centimeter lunar laser ranging
Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) measurements are crucial for advanced exploration of the laws of fundamental gravitational physics and geophysics. Current LLR technology allows us to measure distances to the Moon with a precision approaching 1 millimeter. As NASA pursues the vision of taking humans back to the Moon, new, more precise laser ranging applications will be demanded, including continuous tracking from more sites on Earth, placing new CCR arrays on the Moon, and possibly installing other devices such as transponders, etc. Successful achievement of this goal strongly demands further significant improvement of the theoretical model of the orbital and rotational dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. This model should inevitably be based on the theory of general relativity, fully incorporate the relevant geophysical processes, lunar librations, tides, and should rely upon the most recent standards and recommendations of the IAU for data analysis. This paper discusses methods and problems in developing such a mathematical model. The model will take into account all the classical and relativistic effects in the orbital and rotational motion of the Moon and Earth at the sub-centimeter level. The new model will allow us to navigate a spacecraft precisely to a location on the Moon. It will also greatly improve our understanding of the structure of the lunar interior and the nature of the physical interaction at the core-mantle interface layer. The new theory and upcoming millimeter LLR will give us the means to perform one of the most precise fundamental tests of general relativity in the solar system.
gr-qc
lunar laser ranging llr measurements are crucial for advanced exploration of the laws of fundamental gravitational physics and geophysics current llr technology allows us to measure distances to the moon with a precision approaching 1 millimeter as nasa pursues the vision of taking humans back to the moon new more precise laser ranging applications will be demanded including continuous tracking from more sites on earth placing new ccr arrays on the moon and possibly installing other devices such as transponders etc successful achievement of this goal strongly demands further significant improvement of the theoretical model of the orbital and rotational dynamics of the earthmoon system this model should inevitably be based on the theory of general relativity fully incorporate the relevant geophysical processes lunar librations tides and should rely upon the most recent standards and recommendations of the iau for data analysis this paper discusses methods and problems in developing such a mathematical model the model will take into account all the classical and relativistic effects in the orbital and rotational motion of the moon and earth at the subcentimeter level the new model will allow us to navigate a spacecraft precisely to a location on the moon it will also greatly improve our understanding of the structure of the lunar interior and the nature of the physical interaction at the coremantle interface layer the new theory and upcoming millimeter llr will give us the means to perform one of the most precise fundamental tests of general relativity in the solar system
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710.1451
On some properties on bivariate Fibonacci and Lucas polynomials
In this paper we generalize to bivariate polynomials of Fibonacci and Lucas, properties obtained for Chebyshev polynomials. We prove that the coordinates of the bivariate polynomials over appropriate basis are families of integers satisfying remarkable recurrence relations.
math.NT
in this paper we generalize to bivariate polynomials of fibonacci and lucas properties obtained for chebyshev polynomials we prove that the coordinates of the bivariate polynomials over appropriate basis are families of integers satisfying remarkable recurrence relations
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710.1452
The metal-insulator transition and its relation to magnetic structure in (LaMnO3)2n/(SrMnO3)n superlattices
Superlattices of (LaMnO3)2n/(SrMnO3)n (n=1 to 5), composed of the insulators LaMnO3 and SrMnO3, undergo a metal-insulator transition as a function of n, being metallic for n<=2 and insulating for n>=3. Measurements of transport, magnetization and polarized neutron reflectivity reveal that the ferromagnetism is relatively uniform in the metallic state, and is strongly modulated in the insulating state, being high in LaMnO3 and suppressed in SrMnO3. The modulation is consistent with a Mott transition driven by the proximity between the (LaMnO3)/(SrMnO3) interfaces. Disorder localizes states at the Fermi level at the interfaces for n>=3. We suggest that this disorder is due to magnetic frustration at the interfaces.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
superlattices of lamno32nsrmno3n n1 to 5 composed of the insulators lamno3 and srmno3 undergo a metalinsulator transition as a function of n being metallic for n2 and insulating for n3 measurements of transport magnetization and polarized neutron reflectivity reveal that the ferromagnetism is relatively uniform in the metallic state and is strongly modulated in the insulating state being high in lamno3 and suppressed in srmno3 the modulation is consistent with a mott transition driven by the proximity between the lamno3srmno3 interfaces disorder localizes states at the fermi level at the interfaces for n3 we suggest that this disorder is due to magnetic frustration at the interfaces
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