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706.3314
Structure of W3(OH) from Very High Spectral Resolution Observations of 5 Centimeter OH Masers
Recent studies of methanol and ground-state OH masers at very high spectral resolution have shed new light on small-scale maser processes. The nearby source W3(OH), which contains numerous bright masers in several different transitions, provides an excellent laboratory for high spectral resolution techniques. We present a model of W3(OH) based on EVN observations of the rotationally-excited 6030 and 6035 MHz OH masers taken at 0.024 km/s spectral resolution. The 6.0 GHz masers are becoming brighter with time and show evidence for tangential proper motions. We confirm the existence of a region of magnetic field oriented toward the observer to the southeast and find another such region to the northeast in W3(OH), near the champagne flow. The 6.0 GHz masers trace the inner edge of a counterclockwise rotating torus feature. Masers at 6030 MHz are usually a factor of a few weaker than at 6035 MHz but trace the same material. Velocity gradients of nearby Zeeman components are much more closely correlated than in the ground state, likely due to the smaller spatial separation between Zeeman components. Hydroxyl maser peaks at very long baseline interferometric resolution appear to have structure on scales both smaller than that resolvable as well as on larger scales.
astro-ph
recent studies of methanol and groundstate oh masers at very high spectral resolution have shed new light on smallscale maser processes the nearby source w3oh which contains numerous bright masers in several different transitions provides an excellent laboratory for high spectral resolution techniques we present a model of w3oh based on evn observations of the rotationallyexcited 6030 and 6035 mhz oh masers taken at 0024 kms spectral resolution the 60 ghz masers are becoming brighter with time and show evidence for tangential proper motions we confirm the existence of a region of magnetic field oriented toward the observer to the southeast and find another such region to the northeast in w3oh near the champagne flow the 60 ghz masers trace the inner edge of a counterclockwise rotating torus feature masers at 6030 mhz are usually a factor of a few weaker than at 6035 mhz but trace the same material velocity gradients of nearby zeeman components are much more closely correlated than in the ground state likely due to the smaller spatial separation between zeeman components hydroxyl maser peaks at very long baseline interferometric resolution appear to have structure on scales both smaller than that resolvable as well as on larger scales
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706.3315
pi0 Fixed pT suppression and elliptic flow at LHC
Using a final state interaction model which describes the data on these two observables, at RHIC, we make predictions at the LHC -- using the same cross-section and pT-shift. The increase in the medium density between these two energies (by a factor close to three) produces an increase of the fixed pT pi0 suppression by a factor 2 at large pT and of v2 by a factor 1.5.
hep-ph
using a final state interaction model which describes the data on these two observables at rhic we make predictions at the lhc using the same crosssection and ptshift the increase in the medium density between these two energies by a factor close to three produces an increase of the fixed pt pi0 suppression by a factor 2 at large pt and of v2 by a factor 15
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706.3316
Hadron beam test of a scintillating fibre tracker system for elastic scattering and luminosity measurement in ATLAS
A scintillating fibre tracker is proposed to measure elastic proton scattering at very small angles in the ATLAS experiment at CERN. The tracker will be located in so-called Roman Pot units at a distance of 240 m on each side of the ATLAS interaction point. An initial validation of the design choices was achieved in a beam test at DESY in a relatively low energy electron beam and using slow off-the-shelf electronics. Here we report on the results from a second beam test experiment carried out at CERN, where new detector prototypes were tested in a high energy hadron beam, using the first version of the custom designed front-end electronics. The results show an adequate tracking performance under conditions which are similar to the situation at the LHC. In addition, the alignment method using so-called overlap detectors was studied and shown to have the expected precision.
physics.ins-det
a scintillating fibre tracker is proposed to measure elastic proton scattering at very small angles in the atlas experiment at cern the tracker will be located in socalled roman pot units at a distance of 240 m on each side of the atlas interaction point an initial validation of the design choices was achieved in a beam test at desy in a relatively low energy electron beam and using slow offtheshelf electronics here we report on the results from a second beam test experiment carried out at cern where new detector prototypes were tested in a high energy hadron beam using the first version of the custom designed frontend electronics the results show an adequate tracking performance under conditions which are similar to the situation at the lhc in addition the alignment method using socalled overlap detectors was studied and shown to have the expected precision
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706.3317
Detecting phase synchronization by localized maps: Application to neural networks
We present an approach which enables to state about the existence of phase synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators without having to measure the phase. This is done by observing the oscillators at special times, and analyzing whether this set of points is localized. In particular, we show that this approach is fruitful to analyze the onset of phase synchronization in chaotic attractors whose phases are not well defined, as well as, in networks of non-identical spiking/bursting neurons connected by chemical synapses.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.other
we present an approach which enables to state about the existence of phase synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators without having to measure the phase this is done by observing the oscillators at special times and analyzing whether this set of points is localized in particular we show that this approach is fruitful to analyze the onset of phase synchronization in chaotic attractors whose phases are not well defined as well as in networks of nonidentical spikingbursting neurons connected by chemical synapses
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706.3318
Invariance of Gamma-dimension for projective families
This article is withdrawn because of a mistake in the main result of the paper.
math.AG math.CV
this article is withdrawn because of a mistake in the main result of the paper
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706.3319
On the Photon Mass
We review the case for the photon having a tiny mass compatible with the experimental limits. We go over some possible experimental tests for such a photon mass including the violation of Lorentz symmetry. We point out that such violations may already have been witnessed in tests involving high energy gamma rays from outer space as also ultra high energy cosmic rays.
physics.gen-ph
we review the case for the photon having a tiny mass compatible with the experimental limits we go over some possible experimental tests for such a photon mass including the violation of lorentz symmetry we point out that such violations may already have been witnessed in tests involving high energy gamma rays from outer space as also ultra high energy cosmic rays
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706.332
General Framework for phase synchronization through localized sets
We present an approach which enables to identify phase synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators without having to explicitly measure the phase. We show that if one defines a typical event in one oscillator and then observes another one whenever this event occurs, these observations give rise to a localized set. Our result provides a general and easy way to identify PS, which can also be used to oscillators that possess multiple time scales. We illustrate our approach in networks of chemically coupled neurons. We show that clusters of phase synchronous neurons may emerge before the onset of phase synchronization in the whole network, producing a suitable environment for information exchanging. Furthermore, we show the relation between the localized sets and the amount of information that coupled chaotic oscillator can exchange.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we present an approach which enables to identify phase synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators without having to explicitly measure the phase we show that if one defines a typical event in one oscillator and then observes another one whenever this event occurs these observations give rise to a localized set our result provides a general and easy way to identify ps which can also be used to oscillators that possess multiple time scales we illustrate our approach in networks of chemically coupled neurons we show that clusters of phase synchronous neurons may emerge before the onset of phase synchronization in the whole network producing a suitable environment for information exchanging furthermore we show the relation between the localized sets and the amount of information that coupled chaotic oscillator can exchange
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706.3321
Elastoplastic model for the dynamics of solid-solid transformations : role of non-affine deformation in microstructure selection
We study the nucleation dynamics of a model solid state transformation and the criterion for microstructure selection using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our simulations show a range of microstructures depending on the depth of quench. We closely follow the dynamics of the solid and find that transient {\em non-affine zones} (NAZ) are created at and evolve with the rapidly moving transformation front. The dynamics of these plastic regions determines the selection of microstructure. We formulate an {\it elastoplastic model} which couples the elastic strain to the non-affine deformation, and recover all the qualitative features of the MD simulation. Using this model, we construct a dynamical phase diagram for microstructure selection, in addition to making definite testable predictions.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we study the nucleation dynamics of a model solid state transformation and the criterion for microstructure selection using a molecular dynamics md simulation our simulations show a range of microstructures depending on the depth of quench we closely follow the dynamics of the solid and find that transient em nonaffine zones naz are created at and evolve with the rapidly moving transformation front the dynamics of these plastic regions determines the selection of microstructure we formulate an it elastoplastic model which couples the elastic strain to the nonaffine deformation and recover all the qualitative features of the md simulation using this model we construct a dynamical phase diagram for microstructure selection in addition to making definite testable predictions
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706.3322
Distance distribution in random graphs and application to networks exploration
We consider the problem of determining the proportion of edges that are discovered in an Erdos-Renyi graph when one constructs all shortest paths from a given source node to all other nodes. This problem is equivalent to the one of determining the proportion of edges connecting nodes that are at identical distance from the source node. The evolution of this quantity with the probability of existence of the edges exhibits intriguing oscillatory behavior. In order to perform our analysis, we introduce a new way of computing the distribution of distances between nodes. Our method outperforms previous similar analyses and leads to estimates that coincide remarkably well with numerical simulations. It allows us to characterize the phase transitions appearing when the connectivity probability varies.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
we consider the problem of determining the proportion of edges that are discovered in an erdosrenyi graph when one constructs all shortest paths from a given source node to all other nodes this problem is equivalent to the one of determining the proportion of edges connecting nodes that are at identical distance from the source node the evolution of this quantity with the probability of existence of the edges exhibits intriguing oscillatory behavior in order to perform our analysis we introduce a new way of computing the distribution of distances between nodes our method outperforms previous similar analyses and leads to estimates that coincide remarkably well with numerical simulations it allows us to characterize the phase transitions appearing when the connectivity probability varies
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706.3323
Onset of Phase Synchronization in Neurons Conneted via Chemical Synapses
We study the onset of synchronous states in realistic chaotic neurons coupled by mutually inhibitory chemical synapses. For the realistic parameters, namely the synaptic strength and the intrinsic current, this synapse introduces non-coherences in the neuronal dynamics, yet allowing for chaotic phase synchronization in a large range of parameters. As we increase the synaptic strength, the neurons undergo to a periodic state, and no chaotic complete synchronization is found.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the onset of synchronous states in realistic chaotic neurons coupled by mutually inhibitory chemical synapses for the realistic parameters namely the synaptic strength and the intrinsic current this synapse introduces noncoherences in the neuronal dynamics yet allowing for chaotic phase synchronization in a large range of parameters as we increase the synaptic strength the neurons undergo to a periodic state and no chaotic complete synchronization is found
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706.3324
Network Mutual Information and Synchronization under Time Transformations
We investigate the effect of general time transformations on the phase synchronization (PS) phenomenon and the mutual information rate (MIR) between pairs of nodes in dynamical networks. We demonstrate two important results concerning the invariance of both PS and the MIR. Under time transformations PS can neither be introduced nor destroyed and the MIR cannot be raised from zero. On the other hand, for proper time transformations the timing between the cycles of the coupled oscillators can be largely improved. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our findings for communication in dynamical networks.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we investigate the effect of general time transformations on the phase synchronization ps phenomenon and the mutual information rate mir between pairs of nodes in dynamical networks we demonstrate two important results concerning the invariance of both ps and the mir under time transformations ps can neither be introduced nor destroyed and the mir cannot be raised from zero on the other hand for proper time transformations the timing between the cycles of the coupled oscillators can be largely improved finally we discuss the relevance of our findings for communication in dynamical networks
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706.3325
Global Bifurcation Destroying The Experimental Torus T2
We show experimentally the scenario of a two-frequency torus $T^2$ breakdown, in which a global bifurcation occurs due to the collision of a torus with an unstable periodic orbit, creating a heteroclinic saddle connection, followed by an intermittent behavior.
nlin.CD
we show experimentally the scenario of a twofrequency torus t2 breakdown in which a global bifurcation occurs due to the collision of a torus with an unstable periodic orbit creating a heteroclinic saddle connection followed by an intermittent behavior
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706.3326
Three-qubit pure-state canonical forms for Perfect Teleportation
Recently, Agrawal and Pati [Phys. Rev. A 74, 062320 (2006)] have given a class of W-states that can be used for perfect teleportation. Here, two canonical forms of perfect quantum channel are presented by transformation operator and the GHZ state and the W state are special case of those two canonical forms of perfect quantum channel. Furthermore, the orthogonal complete measurement bases are given.
quant-ph
recently agrawal and pati phys rev a 74 062320 2006 have given a class of wstates that can be used for perfect teleportation here two canonical forms of perfect quantum channel are presented by transformation operator and the ghz state and the w state are special case of those two canonical forms of perfect quantum channel furthermore the orthogonal complete measurement bases are given
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706.3327
Analytical Bethe Ansatz for closed and open gl(M|N) super-spin chains in arbitrary representations and for any Dynkin diagram
We present the analytical Bethe ansatz for spin chains based on the superalgebras gl(M|N), $M\neq N$, with at each site an arbitrary representation (and including inhomogeneities). The calculation is done for closed and open spin chains. In this latter case, the boundary matrices $K_{\pm}(u)$ are of general type, provided they commute. We compute the Bethe ansatz equations in full generality, and for any type of Dynkin diagram. Examples are worked out to illustrate the techniques.
hep-th
we present the analytical bethe ansatz for spin chains based on the superalgebras glmn mneq n with at each site an arbitrary representation and including inhomogeneities the calculation is done for closed and open spin chains in this latter case the boundary matrices k_pmu are of general type provided they commute we compute the bethe ansatz equations in full generality and for any type of dynkin diagram examples are worked out to illustrate the techniques
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706.3328
The spatial distribution of substellar objects in IC348 and the Orion Trapezium Cluster
Aims: Some theoretical scenarios suggest the formation of brown dwarfs as ejected stellar embryos in star-forming clusters. Such a formation mechanism can result in different spatial distributions of stars and substellar objects. We aim to investigate the spatial structure of stellar and substellar objects in two well sampled and nearby embedded clusters, namely IC348 and the Orion Trapezium Cluster (OTC) to test this hypothesis. Methods:Deep near-infrared K-band data complete enough to sample the substellar population in IC348 and OTC are obtained from the literature. The spatial distribution of the K-band point sources is analysed using the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) method. The Q parameter and the spanning trees are evaluated for stellar and substellar objects as a function of cluster core radius R$_c$. Results: The stellar population in both IC348 and OTC display a clustered distribution whereas the substellar population is distributed homogeneously in space within twice the cluster core radius. Although the substellar objects do not appear to be bound by the cluster potential well, they are still within the limits of the cluster and not significantly displaced from their birth sites. Conclusions: The spatially homogeneous distribution of substellar objects is best explained by assuming higher initial velocities, distributed in a random manner and going through multiple interactions. The overall spatial coincidence of these objects with the cluster locations can be understood if these objects are nevertheless travelling slowly enough so as to feel the gravitational effect of the cluster. The observations support the formation of substellar objects as ``ejected stellar embryos''. Higher ejection velocities are necessary but net spatial displacements may not be necessary to explain the observational data.
astro-ph
aims some theoretical scenarios suggest the formation of brown dwarfs as ejected stellar embryos in starforming clusters such a formation mechanism can result in different spatial distributions of stars and substellar objects we aim to investigate the spatial structure of stellar and substellar objects in two well sampled and nearby embedded clusters namely ic348 and the orion trapezium cluster otc to test this hypothesis methodsdeep nearinfrared kband data complete enough to sample the substellar population in ic348 and otc are obtained from the literature the spatial distribution of the kband point sources is analysed using the minimum spanning tree mst method the q parameter and the spanning trees are evaluated for stellar and substellar objects as a function of cluster core radius r_c results the stellar population in both ic348 and otc display a clustered distribution whereas the substellar population is distributed homogeneously in space within twice the cluster core radius although the substellar objects do not appear to be bound by the cluster potential well they are still within the limits of the cluster and not significantly displaced from their birth sites conclusions the spatially homogeneous distribution of substellar objects is best explained by assuming higher initial velocities distributed in a random manner and going through multiple interactions the overall spatial coincidence of these objects with the cluster locations can be understood if these objects are nevertheless travelling slowly enough so as to feel the gravitational effect of the cluster the observations support the formation of substellar objects as ejected stellar embryos higher ejection velocities are necessary but net spatial displacements may not be necessary to explain the observational data
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706.3329
Dirac Cat States in Relativistic Landau Levels
We show that a relativistic version of Schrodinger cat states, here called Dirac cat states, can be built in relativistic Landau levels when an external magnetic field couples to a relativistic spin 1/2 charged particle. Under suitable initial conditions, the associated Dirac equation produces unitarily Dirac cat states involving the orbital quanta of the particle in a well defined mesoscopic regime. We demonstrate that the proposed Dirac cat states have a purely relativistic origin and cease to exist in the non-relativistic limit. In this manner, we expect to open relativistic quantum mechanics to the rich structures of quantum optics and quantum information.
quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hall hep-th
we show that a relativistic version of schrodinger cat states here called dirac cat states can be built in relativistic landau levels when an external magnetic field couples to a relativistic spin 12 charged particle under suitable initial conditions the associated dirac equation produces unitarily dirac cat states involving the orbital quanta of the particle in a well defined mesoscopic regime we demonstrate that the proposed dirac cat states have a purely relativistic origin and cease to exist in the nonrelativistic limit in this manner we expect to open relativistic quantum mechanics to the rich structures of quantum optics and quantum information
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706.333
Coherent structures in localised and global pipe turbulence
The recent discovery of unstable travelling waves (TWs) in pipe flow has been hailed as a significant breakthrough with the hope that they populate the turbulent attractor. We confirm the existence of coherent states with internal fast and slow streaks commensurate in both structure and energy with known TWs using numerical simulations in a long pipe. These only occur, however, within less energetic regions of (localized) `puff' turbulence at low Reynolds numbers (Re=2000-2400), and not at all in (homogeneous) `slug' turbulence at Re=2800. This strongly suggests that all currently known TWs sit in an intermediate region of phase space between the laminar and turbulent states rather than being embedded within the turbulent attractor itself. New coherent fast streak states with strongly decelerated cores appear to populate the turbulent attractor instead.
physics.flu-dyn
the recent discovery of unstable travelling waves tws in pipe flow has been hailed as a significant breakthrough with the hope that they populate the turbulent attractor we confirm the existence of coherent states with internal fast and slow streaks commensurate in both structure and energy with known tws using numerical simulations in a long pipe these only occur however within less energetic regions of localized puff turbulence at low reynolds numbers re20002400 and not at all in homogeneous slug turbulence at re2800 this strongly suggests that all currently known tws sit in an intermediate region of phase space between the laminar and turbulent states rather than being embedded within the turbulent attractor itself new coherent fast streak states with strongly decelerated cores appear to populate the turbulent attractor instead
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706.3331
A Model for Counterparty Risk with Geometric Attenuation Effect and the Valuation of CDS
In this paper, a geometric function is introduced to reflect the attenuation speed of impact of one firm's default to its partner. If two firms are competitions (copartners), the default intensity of one firm will decrease (increase) abruptly when the other firm defaults. As time goes on, the impact will decrease gradually until extinct. In this model, the joint distribution and marginal distributions of default times are derived by employing the change of measure, so can we value the fair swap premium of a CDS.
q-fin.RM math.PR
in this paper a geometric function is introduced to reflect the attenuation speed of impact of one firms default to its partner if two firms are competitions copartners the default intensity of one firm will decrease increase abruptly when the other firm defaults as time goes on the impact will decrease gradually until extinct in this model the joint distribution and marginal distributions of default times are derived by employing the change of measure so can we value the fair swap premium of a cds
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706.3332
X-ray flares on the UV Ceti-type star CC Eridani: a "peculiar" time-evolution of spectral parameters
Context: Weak flares are supposed to be an important heating agent of the outer layers of stellar atmospheres. However, due to instrumental limitations, only large X-ray flares have been studied in detail until now. Aims: We used an XMM-Newton observation of the very active BY-Dra type binary star CC Eri in order to investigate the properties of two flares that are weaker than those typically studied in the literature. Methods: We performed time-resolved spectroscopy of the data taken with the EPIC-PN CCD camera. A multi-temperature model was used to fit the spectra. We inferred the size of the flaring loops using the density-temperature diagram. The loop scaling laws were applied for deriving physical parameters of the flaring plasma. We also estimated the number of loops involved in the observed flares. Results: A large X-ray variability was found. Spectral analysis showed that all the regions in the light curve, including the flare segments, are well-described by a 3-T model with variable emission measures but, surprisingly, with constant temperatures (values of 3, 10 and 22 MK). The analysed flares lasted ~ 3.4 and 7.1 ks, with flux increases of factors 1.5-1.9. They occurred in arcades made of a few tens of similar coronal loops. The size of the flaring loops is much smaller than the distance between the stellar surfaces in the binary system, and even smaller than the radius of each of the stars. The obtained results are consistent with the following ideas: (i) the whole X-ray light curve of CC Eri could be the result of a superposition of multiple low-energy flares, and (ii) stellar flares can be scaled-up versions of solar flares.
astro-ph
context weak flares are supposed to be an important heating agent of the outer layers of stellar atmospheres however due to instrumental limitations only large xray flares have been studied in detail until now aims we used an xmmnewton observation of the very active bydra type binary star cc eri in order to investigate the properties of two flares that are weaker than those typically studied in the literature methods we performed timeresolved spectroscopy of the data taken with the epicpn ccd camera a multitemperature model was used to fit the spectra we inferred the size of the flaring loops using the densitytemperature diagram the loop scaling laws were applied for deriving physical parameters of the flaring plasma we also estimated the number of loops involved in the observed flares results a large xray variability was found spectral analysis showed that all the regions in the light curve including the flare segments are welldescribed by a 3t model with variable emission measures but surprisingly with constant temperatures values of 3 10 and 22 mk the analysed flares lasted 34 and 71 ks with flux increases of factors 1519 they occurred in arcades made of a few tens of similar coronal loops the size of the flaring loops is much smaller than the distance between the stellar surfaces in the binary system and even smaller than the radius of each of the stars the obtained results are consistent with the following ideas i the whole xray light curve of cc eri could be the result of a superposition of multiple lowenergy flares and ii stellar flares can be scaledup versions of solar flares
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706.3333
Computer-assisted access to the kidney
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to introduce the principles of computer-assisted access to the kidney. The system provides the surgeon with a pre-operative 3D planning on computed tomography (CT) images. After a rigid registration with space-localized ultrasound (US) data, preoperative planning can be transferred to the intra-operative conditions and an intuitive man-machine interface allows the user to perform a puncture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Both CT and US images of informed normal volunteer were obtained to perform calculation on the accuracy of registration and punctures were carried out on a kidney phantom to measure the precision of the whole of the system. RESULTS: We carried out millimetric registrations on real data and guidance experiments on a kidney phantom showed encouraging results of 4.7 mm between planned and reached targets. We noticed that the most significant error was related to the needle deflection during the puncture. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results are encouraging. Further work will be undertaken to improve efficiency and accuracy, and to take breathing into account.
physics.med-ph
objectives the aim of this paper is to introduce the principles of computerassisted access to the kidney the system provides the surgeon with a preoperative 3d planning on computed tomography ct images after a rigid registration with spacelocalized ultrasound us data preoperative planning can be transferred to the intraoperative conditions and an intuitive manmachine interface allows the user to perform a puncture material and methods both ct and us images of informed normal volunteer were obtained to perform calculation on the accuracy of registration and punctures were carried out on a kidney phantom to measure the precision of the whole of the system results we carried out millimetric registrations on real data and guidance experiments on a kidney phantom showed encouraging results of 47 mm between planned and reached targets we noticed that the most significant error was related to the needle deflection during the puncture conclusion preliminary results are encouraging further work will be undertaken to improve efficiency and accuracy and to take breathing into account
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706.3334
Radius and profile of random planar maps with faces of arbitrary degrees
We prove some asymptotic results for the radius and the profile of large random rooted planar maps with faces of arbitrary degrees. Using a bijection due to Bouttier, Di Francesco and Guitter between rooted planar maps and certain four-type trees with positive labels, we derive our results from a conditional limit theorem for four-type spatial Galton-Watson trees.
math.PR
we prove some asymptotic results for the radius and the profile of large random rooted planar maps with faces of arbitrary degrees using a bijection due to bouttier di francesco and guitter between rooted planar maps and certain fourtype trees with positive labels we derive our results from a conditional limit theorem for fourtype spatial galtonwatson trees
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706.3335
Filtering and estimation in stochastic volatility models with rationally distributed disturbances
This paper deals with the filtering problem for a class of discrete time stochastic volatility models in which the disturbances have rational probability density functions. This includes the Cauchy distributions and Student t-distributions with odd number of degrees of freedom. Using state space realizations to represent the rational probability density functions we are able to solve the filtering problem exactly. However the size of the involved state space matrices grows exponentially with each time step of the filter. Therefore we use stochastically balanced truncation techniques to approximate the high order rational functions involved. In a simulation study we show the applicability of this approach. In addition a simple method of moments estimator is derived.
math.OC math.ST stat.TH
this paper deals with the filtering problem for a class of discrete time stochastic volatility models in which the disturbances have rational probability density functions this includes the cauchy distributions and student tdistributions with odd number of degrees of freedom using state space realizations to represent the rational probability density functions we are able to solve the filtering problem exactly however the size of the involved state space matrices grows exponentially with each time step of the filter therefore we use stochastically balanced truncation techniques to approximate the high order rational functions involved in a simulation study we show the applicability of this approach in addition a simple method of moments estimator is derived
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706.3336
Corps de nombres peu ramifies et formes automorphes autoduales
Let S be a finite set of primes, p in S, and Q_S a maximal algebraic extension of Q unramified outside S and infinity. Assume that |S|>=2. We show that the natural maps Gal(Q_p^bar/Q_p) --> Gal(Q_S/Q) are injective. Much of the paper is devoted to the problem of constructing selfdual automorphic cuspidal representations of GL(2n,A_Q) with prescribed properties at all places, that we study via the twisted trace formula of J. Arthur. The techniques we develop shed also some lights on the orthogonal/symplectic alternative for selfdual representations of GL(2n).
math.NT math.RT
let s be a finite set of primes p in s and q_s a maximal algebraic extension of q unramified outside s and infinity assume that s2 we show that the natural maps galq_pbarq_p galq_sq are injective much of the paper is devoted to the problem of constructing selfdual automorphic cuspidal representations of gl2na_q with prescribed properties at all places that we study via the twisted trace formula of j arthur the techniques we develop shed also some lights on the orthogonalsymplectic alternative for selfdual representations of gl2n
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706.3337
Quasifinite representations of the Lie superalgebra of quantum pseudo differential operators
In this paper we extend general results obtained by V. Kac and J. Liberati, in "Unitary quasifinite representations of $W_\infty$", (Letters Math. Phys., 53 (2000), 11-27), for quasifinite highest weight representations of $\Z$-graded Lie algebras to ${1/2}\Z$-graded Lie superalgebras, and we apply these to classify the irreducible quasifinite highest weight modules of the Lie superalgebra of quantum pseudo-differential operators.
math-ph math.MP
in this paper we extend general results obtained by v kac and j liberati in unitary quasifinite representations of w_infty letters math phys 53 2000 1127 for quasifinite highest weight representations of zgraded lie algebras to 12zgraded lie superalgebras and we apply these to classify the irreducible quasifinite highest weight modules of the lie superalgebra of quantum pseudodifferential operators
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706.3338
On the residual finiteness and other properties of (relative) one-relator groups
A relative one-relator presentation has the form P = < X,H ; R > where X is a set, H is a group, and R is a group word on X and H. We show that if the group word on X obtained from R by deleting all the terms from H has what we call the unique max-min property, then the group defined by P is residually finite if and only if H is residually finite (Theorem 1). We apply this to obtain new results concerning the residual finiteness of (ordinary) one-relator groups (Theorem 4). We also obtain results concerning the conjugacy problem for one-relator groups (Theorem 5), and results concerning the relative asphericity of presentations of the form P (Theorem 6).
math.GR
a relative onerelator presentation has the form p xh r where x is a set h is a group and r is a group word on x and h we show that if the group word on x obtained from r by deleting all the terms from h has what we call the unique maxmin property then the group defined by p is residually finite if and only if h is residually finite theorem 1 we apply this to obtain new results concerning the residual finiteness of ordinary onerelator groups theorem 4 we also obtain results concerning the conjugacy problem for onerelator groups theorem 5 and results concerning the relative asphericity of presentations of the form p theorem 6
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706.3339
Redshifted formaldehyde from the gravitational lens B0218+357
The gravitational lens toward B0218+357 offers the unique possibility to study cool moderately dense gas with high sensitivity and angular resolution in a cloud that existed half a Hubble time ago. Observations of the radio continuum and six formaldehyde (H2CO) lines were carried out with the VLA, the Plateau de Bure interferometer, and the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. Three radio continuum maps indicate a flux density ratio between the two main images, A and B, of ~ 3.4 +/- 0.2. Within the errors the ratio is the same at 8.6, 14.1, and 43 GHz. The 1_{01}-0_{00} line of para-H2CO is shown to absorb the continuum of image A. Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculations are performed to reproduce the optical depths of the observed two cm-wave "K-doublet" and four mm-wave rotational lines. These calculations also account for a likely frequency-dependent continuum cloud coverage. Confirming the diffuse nature of the cloud, an n(H2) density of < 1000 cm^{-3} is derived, with the best fit suggesting n(H2) ~ 200 cm^{-3}. The H2CO column density of the main velocity component is ~5 * 10^{13} cm^{-2}, to which about 7.5 * 10^{12} cm^{-2} has to be added to also account for a weaker feature on the blue side, 13 km/s apart. N(H2CO)/N(NH3) ~ 0.6, which is four times less than the average ratio obtained from a small number of local diffuse (galactic) clouds seen in absorption. The ortho-to-para H2CO abundance ratio is 2.0 - 3.0, which is consistent with the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas associated with the lens of B0218+357. With the gas kinetic temperature and density known, it is found that optically thin transitions of CS, HCN, HNC, HCO+, and N2H+ (but not CO) will provide excellent probes of the cosmic microwave background at redshift z=0.68.
astro-ph
the gravitational lens toward b0218357 offers the unique possibility to study cool moderately dense gas with high sensitivity and angular resolution in a cloud that existed half a hubble time ago observations of the radio continuum and six formaldehyde h2co lines were carried out with the vla the plateau de bure interferometer and the effelsberg 100m telescope three radio continuum maps indicate a flux density ratio between the two main images a and b of 34 02 within the errors the ratio is the same at 86 141 and 43 ghz the 1_010_00 line of parah2co is shown to absorb the continuum of image a large velocity gradient radiative transfer calculations are performed to reproduce the optical depths of the observed two cmwave kdoublet and four mmwave rotational lines these calculations also account for a likely frequencydependent continuum cloud coverage confirming the diffuse nature of the cloud an nh2 density of 1000 cm3 is derived with the best fit suggesting nh2 200 cm3 the h2co column density of the main velocity component is 5 1013 cm2 to which about 75 1012 cm2 has to be added to also account for a weaker feature on the blue side 13 kms apart nh2connh3 06 which is four times less than the average ratio obtained from a small number of local diffuse galactic clouds seen in absorption the orthotopara h2co abundance ratio is 20 30 which is consistent with the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas associated with the lens of b0218357 with the gas kinetic temperature and density known it is found that optically thin transitions of cs hcn hnc hco and n2h but not co will provide excellent probes of the cosmic microwave background at redshift z068
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706.334
Visualization of ferromagnetic domains in TbNi$_2$B$_2$C and ErNi$_2$B$_2$C single crystals: Weak ferromagnetism and its coexistence with superconductivity
The magnetic flux structure in the basal plane, (001), of single crystals of superconducting (R = Er) and non-superconducting (R = Tb) RNi$_2$B$_2$C was studied by high resolution Bitter decoration at temperatures below $T_c$ (superconducting transition) and/or $T_N$ (antiferromagnetic transition). For both materials two sets of domain boundaries, in \{110\} and \{100\} planes, were observed. The temperature ranges in which the \{100\} domain boundaries were observed in TbNi$_2$B$_2$C and ErNi$_2$B$_2$C coincide with the weak ferromagnetic (WFM) ordering in these materials. On the other hand, the \{110\} twin boundaries - the antiferromagnetic domain boundaries - were observed in both compounds below $T_N$. The possibility of interpretation of \{100\} boundaries as Bloch domain walls in the weakly ferromagnetic phase, for $T < T_{WFM} < T_N$ (TbNi$_2$B$_2$C) or $T < T_{WFM} < T_N < T_c$ (ErNi$_2$B$_2$C) is discussed.
cond-mat.supr-con
the magnetic flux structure in the basal plane 001 of single crystals of superconducting r er and nonsuperconducting r tb rni_2b_2c was studied by high resolution bitter decoration at temperatures below t_c superconducting transition andor t_n antiferromagnetic transition for both materials two sets of domain boundaries in 110 and 100 planes were observed the temperature ranges in which the 100 domain boundaries were observed in tbni_2b_2c and erni_2b_2c coincide with the weak ferromagnetic wfm ordering in these materials on the other hand the 110 twin boundaries the antiferromagnetic domain boundaries were observed in both compounds below t_n the possibility of interpretation of 100 boundaries as bloch domain walls in the weakly ferromagnetic phase for t t_wfm t_n tbni_2b_2c or t t_wfm t_n t_c erni_2b_2c is discussed
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706.3341
A Sequent Calculus for Modelling Interferences
A logic calculus is presented that is a conservative extension of linear logic. The motivation beneath this work concerns lazy evaluation, true concurrency and interferences in proof search. The calculus includes two new connectives to deal with multisequent structures and has the cut-elimination property. Extensions are proposed that give first results concerning our objectives.
cs.LO
a logic calculus is presented that is a conservative extension of linear logic the motivation beneath this work concerns lazy evaluation true concurrency and interferences in proof search the calculus includes two new connectives to deal with multisequent structures and has the cutelimination property extensions are proposed that give first results concerning our objectives
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706.3342
The Forgotten Night: The Number Devil Explores Spherical Geometry
This is a missing chapter from Hans Magnus Enzensberger's mathematical adventure The Number Devil (Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1997). In the book, a math-hating boy named Robert is visited in his dreams by the clever Number Devil, who teaches him to love all things numerical. However, we all forget our dreams from time to time. Here is one adventure that Enzensberger overlooked, where the Number Devil introduces Robert to geometry not-of-Euclid, great circles, parallel transport, the pendulum of Foucault, and the genius of Euler.
math.HO physics.ed-ph
this is a missing chapter from hans magnus enzensbergers mathematical adventure the number devil henry holt and company new york 1997 in the book a mathhating boy named robert is visited in his dreams by the clever number devil who teaches him to love all things numerical however we all forget our dreams from time to time here is one adventure that enzensberger overlooked where the number devil introduces robert to geometry notofeuclid great circles parallel transport the pendulum of foucault and the genius of euler
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706.3343
Flocking in noisy environments
We consider a perturbed version of the dynamics of a flock introduced by Cucker and Smale ("Emergent behaviour in flocks") and prove, under similar conditions, that nearly-alignment (a concept that is precised in the text) is achieved with a certain probability, bounded from below.
math.DS math.PR
we consider a perturbed version of the dynamics of a flock introduced by cucker and smale emergent behaviour in flocks and prove under similar conditions that nearlyalignment a concept that is precised in the text is achieved with a certain probability bounded from below
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706.3344
SN 2001em: No Jet-Driven Gamma Ray Burst Event
We report on our second-epoch VLBI and VLA observations of the Type Ib/c supernova 2001em, five years after the explosion. It was suggested that SN 2001em might be a jet-driven gamma ray burst (GRB), with the jet oriented near the plane of the sky, which would entail relativistic expansion or motion. Our VLBI image shows that SN 2001em is still unresolved five years after the explosion. For a distance of 83 Mpc (H_0 = 70 km/s/Mpc), the nominal expansion velocity is 5800 +/- 10,000 km/s, and the proper motion is 33,000 +/- 34,000 km/s. Our values are inconsistent with either relativistic expansion or motion, but are consistent with the non-relativistic expansion speeds and small proper motions seen in other supernovae. In particular these values are consistent with radio emission from SN 2001em being due to normal, non-relativistic supernova ejecta interacting with the circumstellar medium. Our VLA observations show a power-law decay in flux density since the time of the peak in the 8.4 GHz radio lightcurve in ~2003.
astro-ph
we report on our secondepoch vlbi and vla observations of the type ibc supernova 2001em five years after the explosion it was suggested that sn 2001em might be a jetdriven gamma ray burst grb with the jet oriented near the plane of the sky which would entail relativistic expansion or motion our vlbi image shows that sn 2001em is still unresolved five years after the explosion for a distance of 83 mpc h_0 70 kmsmpc the nominal expansion velocity is 5800 10000 kms and the proper motion is 33000 34000 kms our values are inconsistent with either relativistic expansion or motion but are consistent with the nonrelativistic expansion speeds and small proper motions seen in other supernovae in particular these values are consistent with radio emission from sn 2001em being due to normal nonrelativistic supernova ejecta interacting with the circumstellar medium our vla observations show a powerlaw decay in flux density since the time of the peak in the 84 ghz radio lightcurve in 2003
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706.3345
Orbital and Spin Excitations in Cobalt Oxide
By means of neutron scattering we have determined new branches of magnetic excitations in orbitally active CoO (TN=290 K) up to 15 THz and for temperatures from 6 K to 450 K. Data were taken in the (111) direction in six single-crystal zones. From the dependence on temperature and Q we have identified several branches of magnetic excitation. We describe a model for the coupled orbital and spin states of Co2+ subject to a crystal field and tetragonal distortion.
cond-mat.str-el
by means of neutron scattering we have determined new branches of magnetic excitations in orbitally active coo tn290 k up to 15 thz and for temperatures from 6 k to 450 k data were taken in the 111 direction in six singlecrystal zones from the dependence on temperature and q we have identified several branches of magnetic excitation we describe a model for the coupled orbital and spin states of co2 subject to a crystal field and tetragonal distortion
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706.3346
Asteroseismology of red giants: photometric observations of Arcturus by SMEI
We present new results on oscillations of the K1.5 III giant Arcturus (alpha Boo), from analysis of just over 2.5 yr of precise photometric observations made by the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) on board the Coriolis satellite. A strong mode of oscillation is uncovered by the analysis, having frequency 3.51+/-0.03 micro-Hertz. By fitting its mode peak, we are able offer a highly constrained direct estimate of the damping time (tau = 24+/-1 days). The data also hint at the possible presence of several radial-mode overtones, and maybe some non-radial modes. We are also able to measure the properties of the granulation on the star, with the characteristic timescale for the granulation estimated to be 0.50+/-0.05 days.
astro-ph
we present new results on oscillations of the k15 iii giant arcturus alpha boo from analysis of just over 25 yr of precise photometric observations made by the solar mass ejection imager smei on board the coriolis satellite a strong mode of oscillation is uncovered by the analysis having frequency 351003 microhertz by fitting its mode peak we are able offer a highly constrained direct estimate of the damping time tau 241 days the data also hint at the possible presence of several radialmode overtones and maybe some nonradial modes we are also able to measure the properties of the granulation on the star with the characteristic timescale for the granulation estimated to be 050005 days
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706.3347
Cyclic projectors and separation theorems in idempotent convex geometry
Semimodules over idempotent semirings like the max-plus or tropical semiring have much in common with convex cones. This analogy is particularly apparent in the case of subsemimodules of the n-fold cartesian product of the max-plus semiring it is known that one can separate a vector from a closed subsemimodule that does not contain it. We establish here a more general separation theorem, which applies to any finite collection of closed semimodules with a trivial intersection. In order to prove this theorem, we investigate the spectral properties of certain nonlinear operators called here idempotent cyclic projectors. These are idempotent analogues of the cyclic nearest-point projections known in convex analysis. The spectrum of idempotent cyclic projectors is characterized in terms of a suitable extension of Hilbert's projective metric. We deduce as a corollary of our main results the idempotent analogue of Helly's theorem.
math.MG
semimodules over idempotent semirings like the maxplus or tropical semiring have much in common with convex cones this analogy is particularly apparent in the case of subsemimodules of the nfold cartesian product of the maxplus semiring it is known that one can separate a vector from a closed subsemimodule that does not contain it we establish here a more general separation theorem which applies to any finite collection of closed semimodules with a trivial intersection in order to prove this theorem we investigate the spectral properties of certain nonlinear operators called here idempotent cyclic projectors these are idempotent analogues of the cyclic nearestpoint projections known in convex analysis the spectrum of idempotent cyclic projectors is characterized in terms of a suitable extension of hilberts projective metric we deduce as a corollary of our main results the idempotent analogue of hellys theorem
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706.3348
Determining a regular language by glider-based structures called phases fi_1 in Rule 110
Rule 110 is a complex elementary cellular automaton able of supporting universal computation and complicated collision-based reactions between gliders. We propose a representation for coding initial conditions by means of a finite subset of regular expressions. The sequences are extracted both from de Bruijn diagrams and tiles specifying a set of phases fi_1 for each glider in Rule 110. The subset of regular expressions is explained in detail.
nlin.CG
rule 110 is a complex elementary cellular automaton able of supporting universal computation and complicated collisionbased reactions between gliders we propose a representation for coding initial conditions by means of a finite subset of regular expressions the sequences are extracted both from de bruijn diagrams and tiles specifying a set of phases fi_1 for each glider in rule 110 the subset of regular expressions is explained in detail
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706.3349
High-resolution models of solar granulation: the 2D case
Using grid refinement, we have simulated solar granulation in 2D. The refined region measures 1.97*2.58 Mm (vertical*horizontal). Grid spacing there is 1.82*2.84 km. The downflows exhibit strong Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Below the photosphere, acoustic pulses are generated. They proceed laterally (in some cases distances of at least the size of our refined domain) and may be enhanced when transversing downflows) as well as upwards where, in the photosphere they contribute significantly to 'turbulence' (velocity gradients, etc.) The acoustic pulses are ubiquitous in that at any time several of them are seen in our high-resolution domain. Their possible contributions to p-mode excitation or heating of the chromosphere needs to be investigated.
astro-ph
using grid refinement we have simulated solar granulation in 2d the refined region measures 197258 mm verticalhorizontal grid spacing there is 182284 km the downflows exhibit strong kelvinhelmholtz instabilities below the photosphere acoustic pulses are generated they proceed laterally in some cases distances of at least the size of our refined domain and may be enhanced when transversing downflows as well as upwards where in the photosphere they contribute significantly to turbulence velocity gradients etc the acoustic pulses are ubiquitous in that at any time several of them are seen in our highresolution domain their possible contributions to pmode excitation or heating of the chromosphere needs to be investigated
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706.335
Optimal Replica Placement in Tree Networks with QoS and Bandwidth Constraints and the Closest Allocation Policy
This paper deals with the replica placement problem on fully homogeneous tree networks known as the Replica Placement optimization problem. The client requests are known beforehand, while the number and location of the servers are to be determined. We investigate the latter problem using the Closest access policy when adding QoS and bandwidth constraints. We propose an optimal algorithm in two passes using dynamic programming.
cs.DC
this paper deals with the replica placement problem on fully homogeneous tree networks known as the replica placement optimization problem the client requests are known beforehand while the number and location of the servers are to be determined we investigate the latter problem using the closest access policy when adding qos and bandwidth constraints we propose an optimal algorithm in two passes using dynamic programming
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706.3351
Random Boolean Networks
This review explains in a self-contained way the properties of random Boolean networks and their attractors, with a special focus on critical networks. Using small example networks, analytical calculations, phenomenological arguments, and problems to solve, the basic concepts are introduced and important results concerning phase diagrams, numbers of relevant nodes and attractor properties are derived.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
this review explains in a selfcontained way the properties of random boolean networks and their attractors with a special focus on critical networks using small example networks analytical calculations phenomenological arguments and problems to solve the basic concepts are introduced and important results concerning phase diagrams numbers of relevant nodes and attractor properties are derived
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706.3352
Probabilistic Representations of Solutions of the Forward Equations
In this paper we prove a stochastic representation for solutions of the evolution equation $ \partial_t \psi_t = {1/2}L^*\psi_t $ where $ L^* $ is the formal adjoint of an elliptic second order differential operator with smooth coefficients corresponding to the infinitesimal generator of a finite dimensional diffusion $ (X_t).$ Given $ \psi_0 = \psi $, a distribution with compact support, this representation has the form $ \psi_t = E(Y_t(\psi))$ where the process $ (Y_t(\psi))$ is the solution of a stochastic partial differential equation connected with the stochastic differential equation for $ (X_t) $ via Ito's formula.
math.PR math.AP
in this paper we prove a stochastic representation for solutions of the evolution equation partial_t psi_t 12lpsi_t where l is the formal adjoint of an elliptic second order differential operator with smooth coefficients corresponding to the infinitesimal generator of a finite dimensional diffusion x_t given psi_0 psi a distribution with compact support this representation has the form psi_t ey_tpsi where the process y_tpsi is the solution of a stochastic partial differential equation connected with the stochastic differential equation for x_t via itos formula
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706.3353
Microscopic origin of isotropic non-Heisenberg behavior in highly correlated systems
We have reanalyzed the microscopic origin of the isotropic deviations that are observed from the energy spacings predicted by the HDVV Hamiltonian. Usually, a biquadratic spin operator is added to the HDVV Hamiltonian to account for such deviations. It is shown here that this operator cannot describe the effect of the excited atomic non-Hund states which brought the most important contribution to the deviations. For systems containing more than two magnetic centers, non-Hund states cause additional interactions that are of the same order of magnitude as the biquadratic exchange and should have significant effects on the macroscopic properties of extended systems.
cond-mat.str-el
we have reanalyzed the microscopic origin of the isotropic deviations that are observed from the energy spacings predicted by the hdvv hamiltonian usually a biquadratic spin operator is added to the hdvv hamiltonian to account for such deviations it is shown here that this operator cannot describe the effect of the excited atomic nonhund states which brought the most important contribution to the deviations for systems containing more than two magnetic centers nonhund states cause additional interactions that are of the same order of magnitude as the biquadratic exchange and should have significant effects on the macroscopic properties of extended systems
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706.3354
Reliability of the Heitler-London approach for the exchange coupling between electrons in semiconductor nanostructures
We calculate the exchange coupling J between electrons in a double-well potential in a two-dimensional semiconductor environment within the Heitler-London (HL) approach. Two functional forms are considered for the double-well potential. We show that by choosing an appropriate and relatively simple single-electron variational wave function it is possible, within the HL approach, to significantly improve the estimates for J. In all cases the present scheme overcomes the artifacts and limitations at short interdot distances, previously attributed to the HL method, where unphysical triplet ground states have been found, and leads to an overall agreement with analytic interpolated expressions for J obtained for a donor-type model potential.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
we calculate the exchange coupling j between electrons in a doublewell potential in a twodimensional semiconductor environment within the heitlerlondon hl approach two functional forms are considered for the doublewell potential we show that by choosing an appropriate and relatively simple singleelectron variational wave function it is possible within the hl approach to significantly improve the estimates for j in all cases the present scheme overcomes the artifacts and limitations at short interdot distances previously attributed to the hl method where unphysical triplet ground states have been found and leads to an overall agreement with analytic interpolated expressions for j obtained for a donortype model potential
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706.3355
Automorphisms of Generalized Down-Up Algebras
A generalization of down-up algebras was introduced by Cassidy and Shelton (J. Algebra 279 (2004), no. 1), the so-called generalized down-up algebras. We describe the automorphism group of conformal Noetherian generalized down-up algebras L(f,r,s,\gamma) such that r is not a root of unity, listing explicitly the elements of the group. In the last section we apply these results to Noetherian down-up algebras, thus obtaining a characterization of the automorphism group of Noetherian down-up algebras A(\alpha, \beta, \gamma) for which the roots of the polynomial X^2-\alpha X-\beta are not both roots of unity.
math.RA math.RT
a generalization of downup algebras was introduced by cassidy and shelton j algebra 279 2004 no 1 the socalled generalized downup algebras we describe the automorphism group of conformal noetherian generalized downup algebras lfrsgamma such that r is not a root of unity listing explicitly the elements of the group in the last section we apply these results to noetherian downup algebras thus obtaining a characterization of the automorphism group of noetherian downup algebras aalpha beta gamma for which the roots of the polynomial x2alpha xbeta are not both roots of unity
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706.3356
The Physics of Ultraperipheral Collisions at the LHC
We discuss the physics of large impact parameter interactions at the LHC: ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). The dominant processes in UPCs are photon-nucleon (nucleus) interactions. The current LHC detector configurations can explore small $x$ hard phenomena with nuclei and nucleons at photon-nucleon center-of-mass energies above 1 TeV, extending the $x$ range of HERA by a factor of ten. In particular, it will be possible to probe diffractive and inclusive parton densities in nuclei using several processes. The interaction of small dipoles with protons and nuclei can be investigated in elastic and quasi-elastic $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ production as well as in high $t$ $\rho^0$ production accompanied by a rapidity gap. Several of these phenomena provide clean signatures of the onset of the new high gluon density QCD regime. The LHC is in the kinematic range where nonlinear effects are several times larger than at HERA. Two-photon processes in UPCs are also studied. In addition, while UPCs play a role in limiting the maximum beam luminosity, they can also be used a luminosity monitor by measuring mutual electromagnetic dissociation of the beam nuclei. We also review similar studies at HERA and RHIC as well as describe the potential use of the LHC detectors for UPC measurements.
nucl-ex hep-ex hep-ph nucl-th
we discuss the physics of large impact parameter interactions at the lhc ultraperipheral collisions upcs the dominant processes in upcs are photonnucleon nucleus interactions the current lhc detector configurations can explore small x hard phenomena with nuclei and nucleons at photonnucleon centerofmass energies above 1 tev extending the x range of hera by a factor of ten in particular it will be possible to probe diffractive and inclusive parton densities in nuclei using several processes the interaction of small dipoles with protons and nuclei can be investigated in elastic and quasielastic jpsi and upsilon production as well as in high t rho0 production accompanied by a rapidity gap several of these phenomena provide clean signatures of the onset of the new high gluon density qcd regime the lhc is in the kinematic range where nonlinear effects are several times larger than at hera twophoton processes in upcs are also studied in addition while upcs play a role in limiting the maximum beam luminosity they can also be used a luminosity monitor by measuring mutual electromagnetic dissociation of the beam nuclei we also review similar studies at hera and rhic as well as describe the potential use of the lhc detectors for upc measurements
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706.3357
Primordial gas heating by dark matter and structure formation
Dark matter (DM) decays and annihilations might heat and partially reionize the Universe at high redshift. Although this effect is not important for the cosmic reionization, the gas heating due to DM particles might affect the structure formation. In particular, the critical halo mass for collapse is increased up to a factor of ~2. Also the fraction of gas which collapses inside the smallest halos is substantially reduced with respect to the cosmological value. These effects imply that DM decays and annihilations might delay the formation of the first structures and reduce the total star mass in the smallest halos.
astro-ph
dark matter dm decays and annihilations might heat and partially reionize the universe at high redshift although this effect is not important for the cosmic reionization the gas heating due to dm particles might affect the structure formation in particular the critical halo mass for collapse is increased up to a factor of 2 also the fraction of gas which collapses inside the smallest halos is substantially reduced with respect to the cosmological value these effects imply that dm decays and annihilations might delay the formation of the first structures and reduce the total star mass in the smallest halos
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706.3358
KNO scaling in processes of electron-positron annihilation to hadrons
The charged particles multiplicity distribution in the KNO form is discussed in processes of $e^+e^-$ annihilation at energies $\sqrt{s}$ 14 -- 206.2 GeV. The experimental data are compared to data, obtained with Monte Carlo simulation in PYTHIA in the Lund quark string model. It is shown, that both experimental and simulated data are described by the same distribution function in the KNO form. It is shown, that the KNO scaling is consequence of quark string hadronization dynamics in the Lund string model.
hep-ph
the charged particles multiplicity distribution in the kno form is discussed in processes of ee annihilation at energies sqrts 14 2062 gev the experimental data are compared to data obtained with monte carlo simulation in pythia in the lund quark string model it is shown that both experimental and simulated data are described by the same distribution function in the kno form it is shown that the kno scaling is consequence of quark string hadronization dynamics in the lund string model
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706.3359
Three-Dimensional Gravity Revisited
We consider the problem of identifying the CFT's that may be dual to pure gravity in three dimensions with negative cosmological constant. The c-theorem indicates that three-dimensional pure gravity is consistent only at certain values of the coupling constant, and the relation to Chern-Simons gauge theory hints that these may be the values at which the dual CFT can be holomorphically factorized. If so, and one takes at face value the minimum mass of a BTZ black hole, then the energy spectrum of three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant can be determined exactly. At the most negative possible value of the cosmological constant, the dual CFT is very likely the monster theory of Frenkel, Lepowsky, and Meurman. The monster theory may be the first in a discrete series of CFT's that are dual to three-dimensional gravity. The partition function of the second theory in the sequence can be determined on a hyperelliptic Riemann surface of any genus. We also make a similar analysis of supergravity.
hep-th
we consider the problem of identifying the cfts that may be dual to pure gravity in three dimensions with negative cosmological constant the ctheorem indicates that threedimensional pure gravity is consistent only at certain values of the coupling constant and the relation to chernsimons gauge theory hints that these may be the values at which the dual cft can be holomorphically factorized if so and one takes at face value the minimum mass of a btz black hole then the energy spectrum of threedimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant can be determined exactly at the most negative possible value of the cosmological constant the dual cft is very likely the monster theory of frenkel lepowsky and meurman the monster theory may be the first in a discrete series of cfts that are dual to threedimensional gravity the partition function of the second theory in the sequence can be determined on a hyperelliptic riemann surface of any genus we also make a similar analysis of supergravity
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706.336
Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
The physics of quantum degenerate Fermi gases in uniform as well as in harmonically trapped configurations is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is given to the effect of interactions which play a crucial role, bringing the gas into a superfluid phase at low temperature. In these dilute systems interactions are characterized by a single parameter, the s-wave scattering length, whose value can be tuned using an external magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance. The BCS limit of ordinary Fermi superfluidity, the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of dimers and the unitary limit of large scattering length are important regimes exhibited by interacting Fermi gases. In particular the BEC and the unitary regimes are characterized by a high value of the superfluid critical temperature, of the order of the Fermi temperature. Different physical properties are discussed, including the density profiles and the energy of the ground-state configurations, the momentum distribution, the fraction of condensed pairs, collective oscillations and pair breaking effects, the expansion of the gas, the main thermodynamic properties, the behavior in the presence of optical lattices and the signatures of superfluidity, such as the existence of quantized vortices, the quenching of the moment of inertia and the consequences of spin polarization. Various theoretical approaches are considered, ranging from the mean-field description of the BCS-BEC crossover to non-perturbative methods based on quantum Monte Carlo techniques. A major goal of the review is to compare the theoretical predictions with the available experimental results.
cond-mat.other
the physics of quantum degenerate fermi gases in uniform as well as in harmonically trapped configurations is reviewed from a theoretical perspective emphasis is given to the effect of interactions which play a crucial role bringing the gas into a superfluid phase at low temperature in these dilute systems interactions are characterized by a single parameter the swave scattering length whose value can be tuned using an external magnetic field near a feshbach resonance the bcs limit of ordinary fermi superfluidity the boseeinstein condensation bec of dimers and the unitary limit of large scattering length are important regimes exhibited by interacting fermi gases in particular the bec and the unitary regimes are characterized by a high value of the superfluid critical temperature of the order of the fermi temperature different physical properties are discussed including the density profiles and the energy of the groundstate configurations the momentum distribution the fraction of condensed pairs collective oscillations and pair breaking effects the expansion of the gas the main thermodynamic properties the behavior in the presence of optical lattices and the signatures of superfluidity such as the existence of quantized vortices the quenching of the moment of inertia and the consequences of spin polarization various theoretical approaches are considered ranging from the meanfield description of the bcsbec crossover to nonperturbative methods based on quantum monte carlo techniques a major goal of the review is to compare the theoretical predictions with the available experimental results
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706.3361
Polarized States and Domain Walls in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates
We study spin-polarized states and their stability in anti-ferromagnetic states of spinor (F=1) quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Using analytical approximations and numerical methods, we find various types of polarized states, including: patterns of the Thomas-Fermi type; structures with a pulse-shape in one component inducing a hole in the other components; states with holes in all three components; and domain walls. A Bogoliubov-de Gennes analysis reveals that families of these states contain intervals of a weak oscillatory instability, except for the domain walls, which are always stable. The development of the instabilities is examined by means of direct numerical simulations.
cond-mat.other
we study spinpolarized states and their stability in antiferromagnetic states of spinor f1 quasionedimensional boseeinstein condensates using analytical approximations and numerical methods we find various types of polarized states including patterns of the thomasfermi type structures with a pulseshape in one component inducing a hole in the other components states with holes in all three components and domain walls a bogoliubovde gennes analysis reveals that families of these states contain intervals of a weak oscillatory instability except for the domain walls which are always stable the development of the instabilities is examined by means of direct numerical simulations
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706.3362
Three experimental pearls in Costas arrays
The results of 3 experiments in Costas arrays are presented, for which theoretical explanation is still not available: the number of dots on the main diagonal of exponential Welch arrays, the parity populations of Golomb arrays generated in fields of characteristic 2, and the maximal cross-correlation between pairs of Welch or Golomb arrays generated in fields of size equal to a Sophie Germain prime.
math.CO math.NT
the results of 3 experiments in costas arrays are presented for which theoretical explanation is still not available the number of dots on the main diagonal of exponential welch arrays the parity populations of golomb arrays generated in fields of characteristic 2 and the maximal crosscorrelation between pairs of welch or golomb arrays generated in fields of size equal to a sophie germain prime
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706.3363
The binary properties of the pulsating subdwarf B eclipsing binary PG 1336-018 (NY Vir)
We present an unbiased orbit solution and mass determination of the components of the eclipsing binary NY Vir as a critical test for the formation scenarios of subdwarf B stars. We obtained high-resolution time series VLT/UVES spectra and high-speed multicolour VLT/ULTRACAM photometric observations of NY Vir, a rapidly pulsating subdwarf B star in a short period eclipsing binary. Combining the radial velocity curve obtained from the VLT/UVES spectra with the VLT/ULTRACAM multicolour lightcurves, we determined numerical orbital solutions for this eclipsing binary. Due to the large number of free parameters and their strong correlations, no unique solution could be found, only families of solutions. We present three solutions of equal statistical significance, two of which are compatible with the primary having gone through a core He-flash and a common-envelope phase described by the $\alpha$-formalism. These two models have an sdB primary of 0.466 \msol and 0.389 \msol, respectively. Finally, we report the detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for NY Vir.
astro-ph
we present an unbiased orbit solution and mass determination of the components of the eclipsing binary ny vir as a critical test for the formation scenarios of subdwarf b stars we obtained highresolution time series vltuves spectra and highspeed multicolour vltultracam photometric observations of ny vir a rapidly pulsating subdwarf b star in a short period eclipsing binary combining the radial velocity curve obtained from the vltuves spectra with the vltultracam multicolour lightcurves we determined numerical orbital solutions for this eclipsing binary due to the large number of free parameters and their strong correlations no unique solution could be found only families of solutions we present three solutions of equal statistical significance two of which are compatible with the primary having gone through a core heflash and a commonenvelope phase described by the alphaformalism these two models have an sdb primary of 0466 msol and 0389 msol respectively finally we report the detection of the rossitermclaughlin effect for ny vir
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706.3364
Unfolding Geometric Unification in M-Theory
By reinterpreting the familiar tools and ideas of M-theory model building, we show how a G2-manifold locally engineered to give rise to massless matter representations of an SU(5) grand unified model can be smoothly unfolded into a G2-manifold giving rise to SU(3)xSU(2) gauge theory with the corresponding matter representations. These ideas could lead to new insights in string phenomenology because much of the arbitrariness of M-theory model building can be removed by supposing, for example, that the singularities giving rise to Standard Model particles could arise from unfolding a more singular, grand unified geometry.
hep-th
by reinterpreting the familiar tools and ideas of mtheory model building we show how a g2manifold locally engineered to give rise to massless matter representations of an su5 grand unified model can be smoothly unfolded into a g2manifold giving rise to su3xsu2 gauge theory with the corresponding matter representations these ideas could lead to new insights in string phenomenology because much of the arbitrariness of mtheory model building can be removed by supposing for example that the singularities giving rise to standard model particles could arise from unfolding a more singular grand unified geometry
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706.3365
Coulomb shifts and shape changes in the mass 70 region
The technique of recoil beta tagging has been developed which allows prompt gamma decays in nuclei from excited states to be correlated with electrons from their subsequent short-lived beta decay. This technique is ideal for studying nuclei very far from stability and improves in sensitivity for very short-lived decays and for high decay Q-values. The method has allowed excited states in 78Y to be observed for the first time, as well as an extension in the knowledge of T=1 states in 74Rb. From this new information it has been possible to compare Coulomb energy differences (CED) between T=1 states in 70Br/70Se, 74Rb/74Kr, and 78Y/78Sr. The A=70 CED exhibit an anomalous behavior which is inconsistent with all other known CED. This behavior may be accounted for qualitatively in terms of small variations in the Coulomb energy arising from shape changes.
nucl-ex
the technique of recoil beta tagging has been developed which allows prompt gamma decays in nuclei from excited states to be correlated with electrons from their subsequent shortlived beta decay this technique is ideal for studying nuclei very far from stability and improves in sensitivity for very shortlived decays and for high decay qvalues the method has allowed excited states in 78y to be observed for the first time as well as an extension in the knowledge of t1 states in 74rb from this new information it has been possible to compare coulomb energy differences ced between t1 states in 70br70se 74rb74kr and 78y78sr the a70 ced exhibit an anomalous behavior which is inconsistent with all other known ced this behavior may be accounted for qualitatively in terms of small variations in the coulomb energy arising from shape changes
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706.3366
Extreme Associated Functions: Optimally Linking Local Extremes to Large-scale Atmospheric Circulation Structures
We present a new statistical method to optimally link local weather extremes to large-scale atmospheric circulation structures. The method is illustrated using July-August daily mean temperature at 2m height (T2m) time-series over the Netherlands and 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) time-series over the Euroatlantic region of the ECMWF reanalysis dataset (ERA40). The method identifies patterns in the Z500 time-series that optimally describe, in a precise mathematical sense, the relationship with local warm extremes in the Netherlands. Two patterns are identified; the most important one corresponds to a blocking high pressure system leading to subsidence and calm, dry and sunny conditions over the Netherlands. The second one corresponds to a rare, easterly flow regime bringing warm, dry air into the region. The patterns are robust; they are also identified in shorter subsamples of the total dataset. The method is generally applicable and might prove useful in evaluating the performance of climate models in simulating local weather extremes.
physics.ao-ph physics.geo-ph
we present a new statistical method to optimally link local weather extremes to largescale atmospheric circulation structures the method is illustrated using julyaugust daily mean temperature at 2m height t2m timeseries over the netherlands and 500 hpa geopotential height z500 timeseries over the euroatlantic region of the ecmwf reanalysis dataset era40 the method identifies patterns in the z500 timeseries that optimally describe in a precise mathematical sense the relationship with local warm extremes in the netherlands two patterns are identified the most important one corresponds to a blocking high pressure system leading to subsidence and calm dry and sunny conditions over the netherlands the second one corresponds to a rare easterly flow regime bringing warm dry air into the region the patterns are robust they are also identified in shorter subsamples of the total dataset the method is generally applicable and might prove useful in evaluating the performance of climate models in simulating local weather extremes
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706.3367
Singularities of $n$-fold integrals of the Ising class and the theory of elliptic curves
We introduce some multiple integrals that are expected to have the same singularities as the singularities of the $ n$-particle contributions $\chi^{(n)}$ to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model. We find the Fuchsian linear differential equation satisfied by these multiple integrals for $ n=1, 2, 3, 4$ and only modulo some primes for $ n=5$ and $ 6$, thus providing a large set of (possible) new singularities of the $\chi^{(n)}$. We discuss the singularity structure for these multiple integrals by solving the Landau conditions. We find that the singularities of the associated ODEs identify (up to $n= 6$) with the leading pinch Landau singularities. The second remarkable obtained feature is that the singularities of the ODEs associated with the multiple integrals reduce to the singularities of the ODEs associated with a {\em finite number of one dimensional integrals}. Among the singularities found, we underline the fact that the quadratic polynomial condition $ 1+3 w +4 w^2 = 0$, that occurs in the linear differential equation of $ \chi^{(3)}$, actually corresponds to a remarkable property of selected elliptic curves, namely the occurrence of complex multiplication. The interpretation of complex multiplication for elliptic curves as complex fixed points of the selected generators of the renormalization group, namely isogenies of elliptic curves, is sketched. Most of the other singularities occurring in our multiple integrals are not related to complex multiplication situations, suggesting an interpretation in terms of (motivic) mathematical structures beyond the theory of elliptic curves.
math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th math.MP physics.comp-ph
we introduce some multiple integrals that are expected to have the same singularities as the singularities of the nparticle contributions chin to the susceptibility of the square lattice ising model we find the fuchsian linear differential equation satisfied by these multiple integrals for n1 2 3 4 and only modulo some primes for n5 and 6 thus providing a large set of possible new singularities of the chin we discuss the singularity structure for these multiple integrals by solving the landau conditions we find that the singularities of the associated odes identify up to n 6 with the leading pinch landau singularities the second remarkable obtained feature is that the singularities of the odes associated with the multiple integrals reduce to the singularities of the odes associated with a em finite number of one dimensional integrals among the singularities found we underline the fact that the quadratic polynomial condition 13 w 4 w2 0 that occurs in the linear differential equation of chi3 actually corresponds to a remarkable property of selected elliptic curves namely the occurrence of complex multiplication the interpretation of complex multiplication for elliptic curves as complex fixed points of the selected generators of the renormalization group namely isogenies of elliptic curves is sketched most of the other singularities occurring in our multiple integrals are not related to complex multiplication situations suggesting an interpretation in terms of motivic mathematical structures beyond the theory of elliptic curves
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706.3368
The dust, planetesimals and planets of HD 38529
HD 38529 is a post-main sequence G8III/IV star (3.5 Gyr old) with a planetary system consisting of at least two planets having Msin(i) of 0.8 MJup and 12.2 MJup, semimajor axes of 0.13 AU and 3.74 AU, and eccentricities of 0.25 and 0.35, respectively. Spitzer observations show that HD 38529 has an excess emission above the stellar photosphere, with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at 70 micron of 4.7, a small excess at 33 micron (S/N=2.6) and no excess <30 micron. We discuss the distribution of the potential dust-producing planetesimals from the study of the dynamical perturbations of the two known planets, considering in particular the effect of secular resonances. We identify three dynamically stable niches at 0.4-0.8 AU, 20-50 AU and beyond 60 AU. We model the spectral energy distribution of HD 38529 to find out which of these niches show signs of harboring dust-producing plantesimals. The secular analysis, together with the SED modeling resuls, suggest that the planetesimals responsible for most of the dust emission are likely located within 20-50 AU, a configuration that resembles that of the Jovian planets + Kuiper Belt in our Solar System. Finally, we place upper limits (8E-6 lunar masses of 10 micron particles) to the amount of dust that could be located in the dynamically stable region that exists between the two planets (0.25--0.75 AU).
astro-ph
hd 38529 is a postmain sequence g8iiiiv star 35 gyr old with a planetary system consisting of at least two planets having msini of 08 mjup and 122 mjup semimajor axes of 013 au and 374 au and eccentricities of 025 and 035 respectively spitzer observations show that hd 38529 has an excess emission above the stellar photosphere with a signaltonoise ratio sn at 70 micron of 47 a small excess at 33 micron sn26 and no excess 30 micron we discuss the distribution of the potential dustproducing planetesimals from the study of the dynamical perturbations of the two known planets considering in particular the effect of secular resonances we identify three dynamically stable niches at 0408 au 2050 au and beyond 60 au we model the spectral energy distribution of hd 38529 to find out which of these niches show signs of harboring dustproducing plantesimals the secular analysis together with the sed modeling resuls suggest that the planetesimals responsible for most of the dust emission are likely located within 2050 au a configuration that resembles that of the jovian planets kuiper belt in our solar system finally we place upper limits 8e6 lunar masses of 10 micron particles to the amount of dust that could be located in the dynamically stable region that exists between the two planets 025075 au
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706.3369
Equilibrium properties of mesoscopic quantum conductors
Review article on equilibrium properties of mesoscopic quantum conductors.
cond-mat.mes-hall
review article on equilibrium properties of mesoscopic quantum conductors
[['review', 'article', 'on', 'equilibrium', 'properties', 'of', 'mesoscopic', 'quantum', 'conductors']]
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706.337
The algebro-geometric initial value problem for the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy
We discuss the algebro-geometric initial value problem for the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy with complex-valued initial data and prove unique solvability globally in time for a set of initial (Dirichlet divisor) data of full measure. To this effect we develop a new algorithm for constructing stationary complex-valued algebro-geometric solutions of the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy, which is of independent interest as it solves the inverse algebro-geometric spectral problem for general (non-unitary) Ablowitz-Ladik Lax operators, starting from a suitably chosen set of initial divisors of full measure. Combined with an appropriate first-order system of differential equations with respect to time (a substitute for the well-known Dubrovin-type equations), this yields the construction of global algebro-geometric solutions of the time-dependent Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy. The treatment of general (non-unitary) Lax operators associated with general coefficients for the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy poses a variety of difficulties that, to the best of our knowledge, are successfully overcome here for the first time. Our approach is not confined to the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy but applies generally to (1+1)-dimensional completely integrable soliton equations of differential-difference type.
nlin.SI math-ph math.MP
we discuss the algebrogeometric initial value problem for the ablowitzladik hierarchy with complexvalued initial data and prove unique solvability globally in time for a set of initial dirichlet divisor data of full measure to this effect we develop a new algorithm for constructing stationary complexvalued algebrogeometric solutions of the ablowitzladik hierarchy which is of independent interest as it solves the inverse algebrogeometric spectral problem for general nonunitary ablowitzladik lax operators starting from a suitably chosen set of initial divisors of full measure combined with an appropriate firstorder system of differential equations with respect to time a substitute for the wellknown dubrovintype equations this yields the construction of global algebrogeometric solutions of the timedependent ablowitzladik hierarchy the treatment of general nonunitary lax operators associated with general coefficients for the ablowitzladik hierarchy poses a variety of difficulties that to the best of our knowledge are successfully overcome here for the first time our approach is not confined to the ablowitzladik hierarchy but applies generally to 11dimensional completely integrable soliton equations of differentialdifference type
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706.3371
Muon Spin Spectroscopy evidence of the violation of Anderson condition in magnetite
We present new muon spectroscopy data on a Fe$_3$O$_4$ single crystal, revealing different spin precession patterns in five distinct temperature ranges. A careful analysis of the local field and its straightforward modeling obtains surprisingly good agreement with experiments only if a very specific model of localized charges violating Anderson condition, and a correlated muon local dynamics are implemented. Muon evidence for fluctuations just above the Verwey temperature, precursor of the low temperature charge localized state, is provided.
cond-mat.str-el
we present new muon spectroscopy data on a fe_3o_4 single crystal revealing different spin precession patterns in five distinct temperature ranges a careful analysis of the local field and its straightforward modeling obtains surprisingly good agreement with experiments only if a very specific model of localized charges violating anderson condition and a correlated muon local dynamics are implemented muon evidence for fluctuations just above the verwey temperature precursor of the low temperature charge localized state is provided
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706.3372
Reciprocity of Networks with Degree Correlations and Arbitrary Degree Sequences
Although most of the real networks contain a mixture of directed and bidirectional (reciprocal) connections, the reciprocity $r$ has received little attention as a subject of theoretical understanding. We study the expected reciprocity of networks with an arbitrary degree sequence and a broad class of degree correlations by means of statistical ensemble approach. We demonstrate that degree correlations are crucial to understand the reciprocity in real networks and a hierarchy of correlation contributions to $r$ is revealed. Numerical experiments using novel network randomization methods show very good agreement to our analytical estimations.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
although most of the real networks contain a mixture of directed and bidirectional reciprocal connections the reciprocity r has received little attention as a subject of theoretical understanding we study the expected reciprocity of networks with an arbitrary degree sequence and a broad class of degree correlations by means of statistical ensemble approach we demonstrate that degree correlations are crucial to understand the reciprocity in real networks and a hierarchy of correlation contributions to r is revealed numerical experiments using novel network randomization methods show very good agreement to our analytical estimations
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706.3373
First-order flow equations for extremal black holes in very special geometry
We construct interpolating solutions describing single-center static extremal non-supersymmetric black holes in four-dimensional N=2 supergravity theories with cubic prepotentials. To this end, we derive and solve first-order flow equations for rotating electrically charged extremal black holes in a Taub-NUT geometry in five dimensions. We then use the connection between five- and four-dimensional extremal black holes to obtain four-dimensional flow equations and we give the corresponding solutions.
hep-th
we construct interpolating solutions describing singlecenter static extremal nonsupersymmetric black holes in fourdimensional n2 supergravity theories with cubic prepotentials to this end we derive and solve firstorder flow equations for rotating electrically charged extremal black holes in a taubnut geometry in five dimensions we then use the connection between five and fourdimensional extremal black holes to obtain fourdimensional flow equations and we give the corresponding solutions
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706.3374
Laser ablation loading of a surface-electrode ion trap
We demonstrate loading by laser ablation of $^{88}$Sr$^+$ ions into a mm-scale surface-electrode ion trap. The laser used for ablation is a pulsed, frequency-tripled Nd:YAG with pulse energies of 1-10 mJ and durations of 3-5 ns. An additional laser is not required to photoionize the ablated material. The efficiency and lifetime of several candidate materials for the laser ablation target are characterized by measuring the trapped ion fluorescence signal for a number of consecutive loads. Additionally, laser ablation is used to load traps with a trap depth (40 meV) below where electron impact ionization loading is typically successful ($\gtrsim$ 500 meV).
quant-ph
we demonstrate loading by laser ablation of 88sr ions into a mmscale surfaceelectrode ion trap the laser used for ablation is a pulsed frequencytripled ndyag with pulse energies of 110 mj and durations of 35 ns an additional laser is not required to photoionize the ablated material the efficiency and lifetime of several candidate materials for the laser ablation target are characterized by measuring the trapped ion fluorescence signal for a number of consecutive loads additionally laser ablation is used to load traps with a trap depth 40 mev below where electron impact ionization loading is typically successful gtrsim 500 mev
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706.3375
Eigenvalue Decomposition as a Generalized Synchronization Cluster Analysis
Motivated by the recent demonstration of its use as a tool for the detection and characterization of phase-shape correlations in multivariate time series, we show that eigenvalue decomposition can also be applied to a matrix of indices of bivariate phase synchronization strength. The resulting method is able to identify clusters of synchronized oscillators, and to quantify their strength as well as the degree of involvement of an oscillator in a cluster. Since for the case of a single cluster the method gives similar results as our previous approach, it can be seen as a generalized Synchronization Cluster Analysis, extending its field of application to more complex situations. The performance of the method is tested by applying it to simulation data.
physics.data-an
motivated by the recent demonstration of its use as a tool for the detection and characterization of phaseshape correlations in multivariate time series we show that eigenvalue decomposition can also be applied to a matrix of indices of bivariate phase synchronization strength the resulting method is able to identify clusters of synchronized oscillators and to quantify their strength as well as the degree of involvement of an oscillator in a cluster since for the case of a single cluster the method gives similar results as our previous approach it can be seen as a generalized synchronization cluster analysis extending its field of application to more complex situations the performance of the method is tested by applying it to simulation data
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706.3376
Quantum limited measurements of atomic scattering properties
We propose a method to perform precision measurements of the interaction parameters in systems of N ultra-cold spin 1/2 atoms. The spectroscopy is realized by first creating a coherent spin superposition of the two relevant internal states of each atom and then letting the atoms evolve under a squeezing Hamiltonian. The non-linear nature of the Hamiltonian decreases the fundamental limit imposed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to N^(-2), a factor of N smaller than the fundamental limit achievable with non-interacting atoms. We study the effect of decoherence and show that even with decoherence, entangled states can outperform the signal to noise limit of non-entangled states. We present two possible experimental implementations of the method using Bose-Einstein spinor condensates and fermionic atoms loaded in optical lattices and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
cond-mat.other
we propose a method to perform precision measurements of the interaction parameters in systems of n ultracold spin 12 atoms the spectroscopy is realized by first creating a coherent spin superposition of the two relevant internal states of each atom and then letting the atoms evolve under a squeezing hamiltonian the nonlinear nature of the hamiltonian decreases the fundamental limit imposed by the heisenberg uncertainty principle to n2 a factor of n smaller than the fundamental limit achievable with noninteracting atoms we study the effect of decoherence and show that even with decoherence entangled states can outperform the signal to noise limit of nonentangled states we present two possible experimental implementations of the method using boseeinstein spinor condensates and fermionic atoms loaded in optical lattices and discuss their advantages and disadvantages
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706.3377
Domain Structures in Confined Nanoferroelectrics: Phase Field Approach
Phase field modeling of domain structures in ferroelectrics nanorods of different shape and sizes is presented. The vortex domain configurations in confined ferroelectrics have been explored by varying the ratio of the energies of electrostatic and elastic interactions. It is shown that a strong effect of the electrostatic interactions can cause the formation of 90o domain walls that do not satisfy the condition of strain compatibility. A good agreement between the results of phase field modeling and the results of atomistic calculations for nano ferroelectrics demonstrates that the phase field approach provides an effective tool for the analysis of domain structures in nano-ferroelectrics.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
phase field modeling of domain structures in ferroelectrics nanorods of different shape and sizes is presented the vortex domain configurations in confined ferroelectrics have been explored by varying the ratio of the energies of electrostatic and elastic interactions it is shown that a strong effect of the electrostatic interactions can cause the formation of 90o domain walls that do not satisfy the condition of strain compatibility a good agreement between the results of phase field modeling and the results of atomistic calculations for nano ferroelectrics demonstrates that the phase field approach provides an effective tool for the analysis of domain structures in nanoferroelectrics
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706.3378
Many-body protected entanglement generation in interacting spin systems
We discuss a method to achieve decoherence resistent entanglement generation in two level spin systems governed by gapped and multi-degenerate Hamiltonians. In such systems, while the large number of degrees of freedom in the ground state levels allows to create various quantum superpositions, the energy gap prevents decoherence. We apply the protected evolution to achieve decoherence resistent generation of many particle GHZ states and show it can significantly increase the sensitivity in frequency spectroscopy. We discuss how to engineer the desired many-body protected manifold in two specific physical systems, trapped ions and neutral atoms in optical lattices, and present simple expressions for the fidelity of GHZ generation under non-ideal conditions.
cond-mat.other
we discuss a method to achieve decoherence resistent entanglement generation in two level spin systems governed by gapped and multidegenerate hamiltonians in such systems while the large number of degrees of freedom in the ground state levels allows to create various quantum superpositions the energy gap prevents decoherence we apply the protected evolution to achieve decoherence resistent generation of many particle ghz states and show it can significantly increase the sensitivity in frequency spectroscopy we discuss how to engineer the desired manybody protected manifold in two specific physical systems trapped ions and neutral atoms in optical lattices and present simple expressions for the fidelity of ghz generation under nonideal conditions
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706.3379
Self-Replicating Space-Cells and the Cosmological Constant
We consider what the implications would be if there were a discrete fundamental model of physics based on locally-finite self-interacting information, in which there is no presumption of the familiar space and laws of physics, but from which such space and laws can nevertheless be shown to be able to emerge stably from such a fundamental model. We argue that if there is such a model, then the familiar laws of physics, including Standard Model constants, etc., must be encodable by a finite quantity C, called the complexity, of self-interacting information I, called a Space-Cell. Copies of Space-Cell I must be distributed throughout space, at a roughly constant and near-Planck density, and copies must be created or destroyed as space expands or contracts. We then argue that each Space-Cell is a self-replicator that can duplicate in times ranging from as fast as near-Planck-times to as slow as Cosmological-Constant-time which is 10^{61} Planck-times. From standard considerations of computation, we argue this slowest duplication rate just requires that 10^{61} is less than about 2^C, the number of length-C binary strings, hence requiring only the modest complexity C at least 203, and at most a few thousand. We claim this provides a reasonable explanation for a dimensionless constant being as large as 10^{61}, and hence for the Cosmological Constant being a tiny positive 10^{-122}. We also discuss a separate conjecture on entropy flow in Hole-Bang Transitions. We then present Cosmological Natural Selection II.
gr-qc nlin.AO
we consider what the implications would be if there were a discrete fundamental model of physics based on locallyfinite selfinteracting information in which there is no presumption of the familiar space and laws of physics but from which such space and laws can nevertheless be shown to be able to emerge stably from such a fundamental model we argue that if there is such a model then the familiar laws of physics including standard model constants etc must be encodable by a finite quantity c called the complexity of selfinteracting information i called a spacecell copies of spacecell i must be distributed throughout space at a roughly constant and nearplanck density and copies must be created or destroyed as space expands or contracts we then argue that each spacecell is a selfreplicator that can duplicate in times ranging from as fast as nearplancktimes to as slow as cosmologicalconstanttime which is 1061 plancktimes from standard considerations of computation we argue this slowest duplication rate just requires that 1061 is less than about 2c the number of lengthc binary strings hence requiring only the modest complexity c at least 203 and at most a few thousand we claim this provides a reasonable explanation for a dimensionless constant being as large as 1061 and hence for the cosmological constant being a tiny positive 10122 we also discuss a separate conjecture on entropy flow in holebang transitions we then present cosmological natural selection ii
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706.338
Transition metal oxides using quantum Monte Carlo
The transition metal-oxygen bond appears prominently throughout chemistry and solid-state physics. Many materials, from biomolecules to ferroelectrics to the components of supernova remnants contain this bond in some form. Many of these materials' properties strongly depend on fine details of the TM-O bond and intricate correlation effects, which make accurate calculations of their properties very challenging. We present quantum Monte Carlo, an explicitly correlated class of methods, to improve the accuracy of electronic structure calculations over more traditional methods like density functional theory. We find that unlike s-p type bonding, the amount of hybridization of the d-p bond in TM-O materials is strongly dependant on electronic correlation.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the transition metaloxygen bond appears prominently throughout chemistry and solidstate physics many materials from biomolecules to ferroelectrics to the components of supernova remnants contain this bond in some form many of these materials properties strongly depend on fine details of the tmo bond and intricate correlation effects which make accurate calculations of their properties very challenging we present quantum monte carlo an explicitly correlated class of methods to improve the accuracy of electronic structure calculations over more traditional methods like density functional theory we find that unlike sp type bonding the amount of hybridization of the dp bond in tmo materials is strongly dependant on electronic correlation
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706.3381
Integral degree of a ring and reduction numbers
The supremum of reduction numbers of ideals having principal reductions is expressed in terms of the integral degree, a new invariant of the ring, which is finite provided the ring has finite integral closure. As a consequence, one obtains bounds for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the Rees algebra and for the Artin-Rees numbers.
math.AC
the supremum of reduction numbers of ideals having principal reductions is expressed in terms of the integral degree a new invariant of the ring which is finite provided the ring has finite integral closure as a consequence one obtains bounds for the castelnuovomumford regularity of the rees algebra and for the artinrees numbers
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706.3382
DLCQ Strings, Twist Fields and One-Loop Correlators on a Permutation Orbifold
We investigate some aspects of the relationship between matrix string theory and light-cone string field theory by analysing the correspondence between the two-loop thermal partition function of DLCQ strings in flat space and the integrated two-point correlator of twist fields in a symmetric product orbifold conformal field theory at one-loop order. This is carried out by deriving combinatorial expressions for generic twist field correlation functions in permutation orbifolds using the covering surface method, by deriving the one-loop modification of the twist field interaction vertex, and by relating the two-loop finite temperature DLCQ string theory to the theory of Prym varieties for genus two covers of an elliptic curve. The case of bosonic Z(2) orbifolds is worked out explicitly and precise agreement between both amplitudes is found. We use these techniques to derive explicit expressions for Z(2) orbifold spin twist field correlation functions in the Type II and heterotic string theories.
hep-th
we investigate some aspects of the relationship between matrix string theory and lightcone string field theory by analysing the correspondence between the twoloop thermal partition function of dlcq strings in flat space and the integrated twopoint correlator of twist fields in a symmetric product orbifold conformal field theory at oneloop order this is carried out by deriving combinatorial expressions for generic twist field correlation functions in permutation orbifolds using the covering surface method by deriving the oneloop modification of the twist field interaction vertex and by relating the twoloop finite temperature dlcq string theory to the theory of prym varieties for genus two covers of an elliptic curve the case of bosonic z2 orbifolds is worked out explicitly and precise agreement between both amplitudes is found we use these techniques to derive explicit expressions for z2 orbifold spin twist field correlation functions in the type ii and heterotic string theories
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706.3383
Universal behavior of baryons and mesons' transverse momentum distributions in the framework of percolation of strings
In the framework of percolation of strings, we present predictions for the $R_{AA}$ and $R_{CP}$ for mesons and baryons and for $\bar{p}/\pi^{0}$ ratios at LHC energies.
hep-ph
in the framework of percolation of strings we present predictions for the r_aa and r_cp for mesons and baryons and for barppi0 ratios at lhc energies
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706.3384
Form factors of branch-point twist fields in quantum integrable models and entanglement entropy
In this paper we compute the leading correction to the bipartite entanglement entropy at large sub-system size, in integrable quantum field theories with diagonal scattering matrices. We find a remarkably universal result, depending only on the particle spectrum of the theory and not on the details of the scattering matrix. We employ the "replica trick" whereby the entropy is obtained as the derivative with respect to n of the trace of the n-th power of the reduced density matrix of the sub-system, evaluated at n=1. The main novelty of our work is the introduction of a particular type of twist fields in quantum field theory that are naturally related to branch points in an n-sheeted Riemann surface. Their two-point function directly gives the scaling limit of the trace of the n-th power of the reduced density matrix. Taking advantage of integrability, we use the expansion of this two-point function in terms of form factors of the twist fields, in order to evaluate it at large distances in the two-particle approximation. Although this is a well-known technique, the new geometry of the problem implies a modification of the form factor equations satisfied by standard local fields of integrable quantum field theory. We derive the new form factor equations and provide solutions, which we specialize both to the Ising and sinh-Gordon models.
hep-th quant-ph
in this paper we compute the leading correction to the bipartite entanglement entropy at large subsystem size in integrable quantum field theories with diagonal scattering matrices we find a remarkably universal result depending only on the particle spectrum of the theory and not on the details of the scattering matrix we employ the replica trick whereby the entropy is obtained as the derivative with respect to n of the trace of the nth power of the reduced density matrix of the subsystem evaluated at n1 the main novelty of our work is the introduction of a particular type of twist fields in quantum field theory that are naturally related to branch points in an nsheeted riemann surface their twopoint function directly gives the scaling limit of the trace of the nth power of the reduced density matrix taking advantage of integrability we use the expansion of this twopoint function in terms of form factors of the twist fields in order to evaluate it at large distances in the twoparticle approximation although this is a wellknown technique the new geometry of the problem implies a modification of the form factor equations satisfied by standard local fields of integrable quantum field theory we derive the new form factor equations and provide solutions which we specialize both to the ising and sinhgordon models
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706.3385
Excitation energy dependence of symmetry energy of finite nuclei
A finite range density and momentum dependent effective interaction is used to calculate the density and temperature dependence of the symmetry energy coefficient Csym(rho,T) of infinite nuclear matter. This symmetry energy is then used in the local density approximation to evaluate the excitation energy dependence of the symmetry energy coefficient of finite nuclei in a microcanonical formulation that accounts for thermal and expansion effects. The results are in good harmony with the recently reported experimental data from energetic nucleus-nucleus collisions.
nucl-th
a finite range density and momentum dependent effective interaction is used to calculate the density and temperature dependence of the symmetry energy coefficient csymrhot of infinite nuclear matter this symmetry energy is then used in the local density approximation to evaluate the excitation energy dependence of the symmetry energy coefficient of finite nuclei in a microcanonical formulation that accounts for thermal and expansion effects the results are in good harmony with the recently reported experimental data from energetic nucleusnucleus collisions
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706.3386
XMM-Newton Observations of the Cataclysmic Variable GW Lib
XMM-Newton observations of the accreting, pulsating white dwarf in the quiescent dwarf nova GW Librae were conducted to determine if the non-radial pulsations present in previous UV and optical data affect the X-ray emission. The non-radial pulsations are evident in the simultaneous Optical Monitor data but are not detected in X-ray with an upper limit on the pulsation amplitude of 0.092 mags. The best fits to the X-ray spectrum are with a low temperature diffuse gas model or a multi-temperature cooling flow model, with a strong OVIII line, similar to other short period dwarf novae, but with a lower temperature range than evident in normal short period dwarf novae. The lack of pulsations and the spectrum likely indicate that the boundary layer does not extend to the surface of the white dwarf.
astro-ph
xmmnewton observations of the accreting pulsating white dwarf in the quiescent dwarf nova gw librae were conducted to determine if the nonradial pulsations present in previous uv and optical data affect the xray emission the nonradial pulsations are evident in the simultaneous optical monitor data but are not detected in xray with an upper limit on the pulsation amplitude of 0092 mags the best fits to the xray spectrum are with a low temperature diffuse gas model or a multitemperature cooling flow model with a strong oviii line similar to other short period dwarf novae but with a lower temperature range than evident in normal short period dwarf novae the lack of pulsations and the spectrum likely indicate that the boundary layer does not extend to the surface of the white dwarf
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706.3387
Vadim Kuznetsov. Informal Biography by Eyes of His First Adviser
The paper is dedicated to the memory of prominent theoretical physicist and mathematician Dr. Vadim Kuznetsov who worked, in particular, in the fields of the nonlinear dynamics, separation of variables, integrability theory, special functions. It includes his short research biography, an account of the start of his research career and the list of publications.
nlin.SI math-ph math.CA math.MP
the paper is dedicated to the memory of prominent theoretical physicist and mathematician dr vadim kuznetsov who worked in particular in the fields of the nonlinear dynamics separation of variables integrability theory special functions it includes his short research biography an account of the start of his research career and the list of publications
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706.3388
A Confining Strong First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition
In the Randall-Sundrum model where the radion is stabilized by a Goldberger-Wise (GW) potential there is a supercooled transition from a deconfined to a confined phase at temperatures orders of magnitude below the typical Standard Model critical temperature. When the Higgs is localized at the IR brane the electroweak phase transition is delayed and becomes a strong first-order one where the Universe expands by a few e-folds. This generates the possibility of having the out-of-equilibrium condition required by electroweak baryogenesis in the electroweak phase transition. We have studied numerically the region of the GW parameter space where the theory is consistent and the latter possibility is realized. We have found that in most of the parameter space the nucleation temperature is so low that sphalerons are totally inactive inside the bubbles. The condition for sphalerons to be inactive after reheating imposes an upper bound on the reheating temperature that is weaker for heavy Higgs bosons so that the out-of-equilibrium condition seems to favor heavy over light Higgses. The condition for sphalerons to be active outside the bubbles puts an upper bound on the number of e-folds at the phase transition, roughly consistent with the critical value required by low-scale inflation to solve the cosmological horizon problem.
hep-ph hep-th
in the randallsundrum model where the radion is stabilized by a goldbergerwise gw potential there is a supercooled transition from a deconfined to a confined phase at temperatures orders of magnitude below the typical standard model critical temperature when the higgs is localized at the ir brane the electroweak phase transition is delayed and becomes a strong firstorder one where the universe expands by a few efolds this generates the possibility of having the outofequilibrium condition required by electroweak baryogenesis in the electroweak phase transition we have studied numerically the region of the gw parameter space where the theory is consistent and the latter possibility is realized we have found that in most of the parameter space the nucleation temperature is so low that sphalerons are totally inactive inside the bubbles the condition for sphalerons to be inactive after reheating imposes an upper bound on the reheating temperature that is weaker for heavy higgs bosons so that the outofequilibrium condition seems to favor heavy over light higgses the condition for sphalerons to be active outside the bubbles puts an upper bound on the number of efolds at the phase transition roughly consistent with the critical value required by lowscale inflation to solve the cosmological horizon problem
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706.3389
Characterization of the Radon-Nikodym Property in terms of inverse limits
We clarify the relation between inverse systems, the Radon-Nikodym property, the Asymptotic Norming Property of James-Ho, and the GFDA spaces introduced in our earlier paper on differentiability of Lipschitz maps into Banach spaces.
math.FA math.MG
we clarify the relation between inverse systems the radonnikodym property the asymptotic norming property of jamesho and the gfda spaces introduced in our earlier paper on differentiability of lipschitz maps into banach spaces
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706.339
Influence of friction on granular segregation
Vertical shaking of a mixture of small and large beads can lead to segregation where the large beads either accumulate at the top of the sample, the so called Brazil Nut effect (BNE), or at the bottom, the Reverse Brazil Nut effect (RBNE). Here we demonstrate experimentally a sharp transition from the RBNE to the BNE when the particle coefficient of friction increases due to aging of the particles. This result can be explained by the two competing mechanisms of buoyancy and sidewall-driven convection, where the latter is assumed to grow in strength with increasing friction.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.soft
vertical shaking of a mixture of small and large beads can lead to segregation where the large beads either accumulate at the top of the sample the so called brazil nut effect bne or at the bottom the reverse brazil nut effect rbne here we demonstrate experimentally a sharp transition from the rbne to the bne when the particle coefficient of friction increases due to aging of the particles this result can be explained by the two competing mechanisms of buoyancy and sidewalldriven convection where the latter is assumed to grow in strength with increasing friction
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706.3391
The Overdensity in Virgo, Sagittarius Debris, and the Asymmetric Spheroid
We investigate the relationship between several previously identified Galactic halo stellar structures in the direction of Virgo using imaging and spectroscopic observations of F turnoff stars and blue horizontal branch stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). We show that the Sagittarius dwarf leading tidal tail does not pass through the solar neighborhood; it misses the Sun by more than 15 kpc, passing through the Galactic plane outside the Solar Circle. It also is not spatially coincident with the large stellar overdensity S297+63-20.5 in the Virgo constellation. S297+63-20.5 has a distinct turnoff color and kinematics. Faint (g ~ 20.3) turnoff stars in S297+63-20.5 have line-of-sight, Galactic standard of rest velocities V(GSR)= 130 +/- 10 km/s, opposite in sign to infalling Sgr tail stars. The path of the Sgr leading tidal tail is also inconsistent with the positions of some of the nearer stars with which it has been associated, and whose velocities have favored models with prolate Milky Way potentials. We additionally show that the number densities of brighter (g ~ 19.8) F turnoff stars are not symmetric about the Galactic center, and that this discrepancy is not primarily due to the S297+63-20.5 moving group. Either the spheroid is asymmetric about the Galactic center, or there are additional substructures that conspire to be on the same side of the Galaxy as S297+63-20.5. The S297+63-20.5 overdensity in Virgo is likely associated with two other previously identified Virgo substructures: the Virgo Stellar Stream (VSS) and the Virgo Overdensity (VOD). However, the velocity difference between the VSS and S297+63-20.5 and the difference in distance estimates between the VOD and S297+63-20.5 must be reconciled.
astro-ph
we investigate the relationship between several previously identified galactic halo stellar structures in the direction of virgo using imaging and spectroscopic observations of f turnoff stars and blue horizontal branch stars from the sloan digital sky survey sdss and the sloan extension for galactic understanding and exploration segue we show that the sagittarius dwarf leading tidal tail does not pass through the solar neighborhood it misses the sun by more than 15 kpc passing through the galactic plane outside the solar circle it also is not spatially coincident with the large stellar overdensity s29763205 in the virgo constellation s29763205 has a distinct turnoff color and kinematics faint g 203 turnoff stars in s29763205 have lineofsight galactic standard of rest velocities vgsr 130 10 kms opposite in sign to infalling sgr tail stars the path of the sgr leading tidal tail is also inconsistent with the positions of some of the nearer stars with which it has been associated and whose velocities have favored models with prolate milky way potentials we additionally show that the number densities of brighter g 198 f turnoff stars are not symmetric about the galactic center and that this discrepancy is not primarily due to the s29763205 moving group either the spheroid is asymmetric about the galactic center or there are additional substructures that conspire to be on the same side of the galaxy as s29763205 the s29763205 overdensity in virgo is likely associated with two other previously identified virgo substructures the virgo stellar stream vss and the virgo overdensity vod however the velocity difference between the vss and s29763205 and the difference in distance estimates between the vod and s29763205 must be reconciled
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706.3392
Solving SPDEs driven by colored noise: a chaos approach
An Ito-Skorokhod bi-linear equation driven by infinitely many independent colored noises is considered in a normal triple of Hilbert spaces. The special feature of the equation is the appearance of the Wick product in the definition of the Ito-Skorokhod integral, requiring innovative approaches to computing the solution. A chaos expansion of the solution is derived and several truncations of this expansion are studied. A recursive approximation of the solution is suggested and the corresponding approximation error bound is computed.
math.PR math.AP
an itoskorokhod bilinear equation driven by infinitely many independent colored noises is considered in a normal triple of hilbert spaces the special feature of the equation is the appearance of the wick product in the definition of the itoskorokhod integral requiring innovative approaches to computing the solution a chaos expansion of the solution is derived and several truncations of this expansion are studied a recursive approximation of the solution is suggested and the corresponding approximation error bound is computed
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706.3393
Towards a covariant model for cosmic self-acceleration
An explicitly covariant formulation is presented of a modified DGP scenario proposed recently [1], to avoid the instability of the self-accelerating branch. It is based on the introduction of a bulk scalar field with appropriate non-minimal coupling to the bulk Einstein-Hilbert term. The method is general and may be applied to other models as well.
hep-th astro-ph hep-ph
an explicitly covariant formulation is presented of a modified dgp scenario proposed recently 1 to avoid the instability of the selfaccelerating branch it is based on the introduction of a bulk scalar field with appropriate nonminimal coupling to the bulk einsteinhilbert term the method is general and may be applied to other models as well
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706.3394
Black Ring Deconstruction
We present a sample microstate for a black ring in four and five dimensional language. The microstate consists of a black string microstate with an additional D6-brane. We show that with an appropriate choice of parameters the piece involving the black string microstate falls down a long AdS throat, whose M-theory lift is AdS_3 X S^2. We wrap a spinning dipole M2-brane on the S^2 in the probe approximation. In IIA, this corresponds to a dielectric D2-brane carrying only D0-charge. We conjecture this is the first approximation to a cloud of D0-branes blowing up due to their non-abelian degrees of freedom and the Myers effect.
hep-th
we present a sample microstate for a black ring in four and five dimensional language the microstate consists of a black string microstate with an additional d6brane we show that with an appropriate choice of parameters the piece involving the black string microstate falls down a long ads throat whose mtheory lift is ads_3 x s2 we wrap a spinning dipole m2brane on the s2 in the probe approximation in iia this corresponds to a dielectric d2brane carrying only d0charge we conjecture this is the first approximation to a cloud of d0branes blowing up due to their nonabelian degrees of freedom and the myers effect
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706.3395
Ion Charge States in Halo CMEs: What can we Learn about the Explosion?
We describe a new modeling approach to develop a more quantitative understanding of the charge state distributions of the ions of various elements detected in situ during halo Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) events by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. Using a model CME hydrodynamic evolution based on observations of CMEs propagating in the plane of the sky and on theoretical models, we integrate time dependent equations for the ionization balance of various elements to compare with ACE data. We find that plasma in the CME ``core'' typically requires further heating following filament eruption, with thermal energy input similar to the kinetic energy input. This extra heating is presumably the result of post eruptive reconnection. Plasma corresponding to the CME ``cavity'' is usually not further ionized, since whether heated or not, the low density gives freeze-in close the the Sun. The current analysis is limited by ambiguities in the underlying model CME evolution. Such methods are likely to reach their full potential when applied to data to be acquired by STEREO when at optimum separation. CME evolution observed with one spacecraft may be used to interpret CME charge states detected by the other.
astro-ph
we describe a new modeling approach to develop a more quantitative understanding of the charge state distributions of the ions of various elements detected in situ during halo coronal mass ejection cme events by the advanced composition explorer ace satellite using a model cme hydrodynamic evolution based on observations of cmes propagating in the plane of the sky and on theoretical models we integrate time dependent equations for the ionization balance of various elements to compare with ace data we find that plasma in the cme core typically requires further heating following filament eruption with thermal energy input similar to the kinetic energy input this extra heating is presumably the result of post eruptive reconnection plasma corresponding to the cme cavity is usually not further ionized since whether heated or not the low density gives freezein close the the sun the current analysis is limited by ambiguities in the underlying model cme evolution such methods are likely to reach their full potential when applied to data to be acquired by stereo when at optimum separation cme evolution observed with one spacecraft may be used to interpret cme charge states detected by the other
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706.3396
Strings ending on branes from supergravity
We study geometries produced by brane intersections preserving eight supercharges. Typical examples of such configurations are given by fundamental strings ending on Dp branes and we construct gravity solutions describing such intersections. The geometry is specified in terms of two functions obeying coupled differential equations and the boundary conditions are determined by distributions of D branes. We show that a consistency of type IIB supergravity constrains the allowed positions of the branes. The shapes of branes derived from gravity are found to be in a perfect agreement with profiles predicted by the DBI analysis. We also discuss related 1/4-BPS systems in M theory.
hep-th
we study geometries produced by brane intersections preserving eight supercharges typical examples of such configurations are given by fundamental strings ending on dp branes and we construct gravity solutions describing such intersections the geometry is specified in terms of two functions obeying coupled differential equations and the boundary conditions are determined by distributions of d branes we show that a consistency of type iib supergravity constrains the allowed positions of the branes the shapes of branes derived from gravity are found to be in a perfect agreement with profiles predicted by the dbi analysis we also discuss related 14bps systems in m theory
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706.3397
Fock representation of the renormalized higher powers of white noise and the Virasoro--Zamolodchikov--$w_{\infty} *$--Lie algebra
The identification of the $*$--Lie algebra of the renormalized higher powers of white noise (RHPWN) and the analytic continuation of the second quantized Virasoro--Zamolodchikov--$w_{\infty} *$--Lie algebra of conformal field theory and high-energy physics, was recently established in \cite{id} based on results obtained in [1] and [2]. In the present paper we show how the RHPWN Fock kernels must be truncated in order to be positive definite and we obtain a Fock representation of the two algebras. We show that the truncated renormalized higher powers of white noise (TRHPWN) Fock spaces of order $\geq 2$ host the continuous binomial and beta processes.
math-ph math.MP
the identification of the lie algebra of the renormalized higher powers of white noise rhpwn and the analytic continuation of the second quantized virasorozamolodchikovw_infty lie algebra of conformal field theory and highenergy physics was recently established in citeid based on results obtained in 1 and 2 in the present paper we show how the rhpwn fock kernels must be truncated in order to be positive definite and we obtain a fock representation of the two algebras we show that the truncated renormalized higher powers of white noise trhpwn fock spaces of order geq 2 host the continuous binomial and beta processes
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706.3398
The slice-ribbon conjecture for 3-stranded pretzel knots
We determine the smooth concordance order of the 3-stranded pretzel knots P(p,q,r) with p,q,r odd. We show that each one of finite order is, in fact, ribbon, thereby proving the slice-ribbon conjecture for this family of knots. As corollaries we give new proofs of results first obtained by Fintushel-Stern and Casson-Gordon.
math.GT
we determine the smooth concordance order of the 3stranded pretzel knots ppqr with pqr odd we show that each one of finite order is in fact ribbon thereby proving the sliceribbon conjecture for this family of knots as corollaries we give new proofs of results first obtained by fintushelstern and cassongordon
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706.3399
Penguin Loops for Nonleptonic B-Decays in the Standard Model: Is there a Penguin Puzzle?
We compute standard model penguin amplitudes in nonleptonic B-decays to light charmless mesons using tree amplitude data to fix hadronic parameters. The leading calculation is carried out for the alphas(mb) penguin contributions from charm quark, up quark, and magnetic penguin loops in the NDR and HV renormalization schemes. Power suppressed penguins that are proportional to the chiral condensate are also computed using a new factorization formula for these terms, which is derived working to all orders in alphas(sqrt{mb\Lambda}). We demonstrate using SCET1 that this formula exhibits only small perturbative phases and does not have endpoint singularities. Due to our use of data to fix hadronic parameters we obtain significantly more accurate predictions for the short-distance standard model penguin amplitudes than have been found in the past. Analyzing data in B-> pi pi, B->K pi, and B->rho rho for the penguin amplitudes we find that standard model short-distance imaginary parts are an order of magnitude smaller than current measurements, while real parts are up to a factor of two smaller with the correct sign. This difference is most likely a consequence of long-distance charm contributions or new physics. Constraints on the type of new physics that could help explain the data are derived, and used to show that current data favors sizeable long-distance strong phases.
hep-ph
we compute standard model penguin amplitudes in nonleptonic bdecays to light charmless mesons using tree amplitude data to fix hadronic parameters the leading calculation is carried out for the alphasmb penguin contributions from charm quark up quark and magnetic penguin loops in the ndr and hv renormalization schemes power suppressed penguins that are proportional to the chiral condensate are also computed using a new factorization formula for these terms which is derived working to all orders in alphassqrtmblambda we demonstrate using scet1 that this formula exhibits only small perturbative phases and does not have endpoint singularities due to our use of data to fix hadronic parameters we obtain significantly more accurate predictions for the shortdistance standard model penguin amplitudes than have been found in the past analyzing data in b pi pi bk pi and brho rho for the penguin amplitudes we find that standard model shortdistance imaginary parts are an order of magnitude smaller than current measurements while real parts are up to a factor of two smaller with the correct sign this difference is most likely a consequence of longdistance charm contributions or new physics constraints on the type of new physics that could help explain the data are derived and used to show that current data favors sizeable longdistance strong phases
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706.34
Channel-Adapted Quantum Error Correction
Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential concept for any quantum information processing device. Typically, QEC is designed with minimal assumptions about the noise process; this generic assumption exacts a high cost in efficiency and performance. In physical systems, errors are not likely to be arbitrary; rather we will have reasonable models for the structure of quantum decoherence. We may choose quantum error correcting codes and recovery operations that specifically target the most likely errors. We present a convex optimization method to determine the optimal (in terms of average entanglement fidelity) recovery operation for a given channel, encoding, and information source. This is solvable via a semidefinite program (SDP). We present computational algorithms to generate near-optimal recovery operations structured to begin with a projective syndrome measurement. These structured operations are more computationally scalable than the SDP required for computing the optimal; we can thus numerically analyze longer codes. Using Lagrange duality, we bound the performance of the structured recovery operations and show that they are nearly optimal in many relevant cases. We present two classes of channel-adapted quantum error correcting codes specifically designed for the amplitude damping channel. These have significantly higher rates with shorter block lengths than corresponding generic quantum error correcting codes. Both classes are stabilizer codes, and have good fidelity performance with stabilizer recovery operations. The encoding, syndrome measurement, and syndrome recovery operations can all be implemented with Clifford group operations.
quant-ph
quantum error correction qec is an essential concept for any quantum information processing device typically qec is designed with minimal assumptions about the noise process this generic assumption exacts a high cost in efficiency and performance in physical systems errors are not likely to be arbitrary rather we will have reasonable models for the structure of quantum decoherence we may choose quantum error correcting codes and recovery operations that specifically target the most likely errors we present a convex optimization method to determine the optimal in terms of average entanglement fidelity recovery operation for a given channel encoding and information source this is solvable via a semidefinite program sdp we present computational algorithms to generate nearoptimal recovery operations structured to begin with a projective syndrome measurement these structured operations are more computationally scalable than the sdp required for computing the optimal we can thus numerically analyze longer codes using lagrange duality we bound the performance of the structured recovery operations and show that they are nearly optimal in many relevant cases we present two classes of channeladapted quantum error correcting codes specifically designed for the amplitude damping channel these have significantly higher rates with shorter block lengths than corresponding generic quantum error correcting codes both classes are stabilizer codes and have good fidelity performance with stabilizer recovery operations the encoding syndrome measurement and syndrome recovery operations can all be implemented with clifford group operations
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706.3401
Measurement-based quantum computation beyond the one-way model
We introduce novel schemes for quantum computing based on local measurements on entangled resource states. This work elaborates on the framework established in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 220503 (2007), quant-ph/0609149]. Our method makes use of tools from many-body physics - matrix product states, finitely correlated states or projected entangled pairs states - to show how measurements on entangled states can be viewed as processing quantum information. This work hence constitutes an instance where a quantum information problem - how to realize quantum computation - was approached using tools from many-body theory and not vice versa. We give a more detailed description of the setting, and present a large number of new examples. We find novel computational schemes, which differ from the original one-way computer for example in the way the randomness of measurement outcomes is handled. Also, schemes are presented where the logical qubits are no longer strictly localized on the resource state. Notably, we find a great flexibility in the properties of the universal resource states: They may for example exhibit non-vanishing long-range correlation functions or be locally arbitrarily close to a pure state. We discuss variants of Kitaev's toric code states as universal resources, and contrast this with situations where they can be efficiently classically simulated. This framework opens up a way of thinking of tailoring resource states to specific physical systems, such as cold atoms in optical lattices or linear optical systems.
quant-ph
we introduce novel schemes for quantum computing based on local measurements on entangled resource states this work elaborates on the framework established in phys rev lett 98 220503 2007 quantph0609149 our method makes use of tools from manybody physics matrix product states finitely correlated states or projected entangled pairs states to show how measurements on entangled states can be viewed as processing quantum information this work hence constitutes an instance where a quantum information problem how to realize quantum computation was approached using tools from manybody theory and not vice versa we give a more detailed description of the setting and present a large number of new examples we find novel computational schemes which differ from the original oneway computer for example in the way the randomness of measurement outcomes is handled also schemes are presented where the logical qubits are no longer strictly localized on the resource state notably we find a great flexibility in the properties of the universal resource states they may for example exhibit nonvanishing longrange correlation functions or be locally arbitrarily close to a pure state we discuss variants of kitaevs toric code states as universal resources and contrast this with situations where they can be efficiently classically simulated this framework opens up a way of thinking of tailoring resource states to specific physical systems such as cold atoms in optical lattices or linear optical systems
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706.3402
Diffusion kinetic parameters from bulk diffusion limited gas release processes
The diffusion of a bulk absorbed gas species out of spherical pebbles is studied analytically, stressing the usefulness of the time integral of the diffusion coefficient for analysis of arbitrary temperature schedule experiments. Highly accurate approximations are introduced where the numeric evaluation of the analytic expressions takes considerable time. A method is proposed to extract the diffusion kinetic parameters from a single linear heating ramp, namely, the activation energy of the diffusion coefficient and the ratio of the corresponding preexponential factor to the radius of spherical pebbles.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
the diffusion of a bulk absorbed gas species out of spherical pebbles is studied analytically stressing the usefulness of the time integral of the diffusion coefficient for analysis of arbitrary temperature schedule experiments highly accurate approximations are introduced where the numeric evaluation of the analytic expressions takes considerable time a method is proposed to extract the diffusion kinetic parameters from a single linear heating ramp namely the activation energy of the diffusion coefficient and the ratio of the corresponding preexponential factor to the radius of spherical pebbles
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706.3403
Border trees of complex networks
The comprehensive characterization of the structure of complex networks is essential to understand the dynamical processes which guide their evolution. The discovery of the scale-free distribution and the small world property of real networks were fundamental to stimulate more realistic models and to understand some dynamical processes such as network growth. However, properties related to the network borders (nodes with degree equal to one), one of its most fragile parts, remain little investigated and understood. The border nodes may be involved in the evolution of structures such as geographical networks. Here we analyze complex networks by looking for border trees, which are defined as the subgraphs without cycles connected to the remainder of the network (containing cycles) and terminating into border nodes. In addition to describing an algorithm for identification of such tree subgraphs, we also consider a series of their measurements, including their number of vertices, number of leaves, and depth. We investigate the properties of border trees for several theoretical models as well as real-world networks.
physics.comp-ph
the comprehensive characterization of the structure of complex networks is essential to understand the dynamical processes which guide their evolution the discovery of the scalefree distribution and the small world property of real networks were fundamental to stimulate more realistic models and to understand some dynamical processes such as network growth however properties related to the network borders nodes with degree equal to one one of its most fragile parts remain little investigated and understood the border nodes may be involved in the evolution of structures such as geographical networks here we analyze complex networks by looking for border trees which are defined as the subgraphs without cycles connected to the remainder of the network containing cycles and terminating into border nodes in addition to describing an algorithm for identification of such tree subgraphs we also consider a series of their measurements including their number of vertices number of leaves and depth we investigate the properties of border trees for several theoretical models as well as realworld networks
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706.3404
Disk-Planet Interaction Simulations: (I) Baroclinic Generation of Vortensity and Non-Axisymmetric Rossby-Wave-Instability
We use a multi-dimensional hydrodynamics code to study the gravitational interaction between an embedded planet and a protoplanetary disk with emphasis on the generation of vortensity (potential vorticity) through a Baroclinic Instability and subsequent development of Rossby-Wave-Instability (RWI). It is found that the generation of potential vorticity is very common and effective in non-barotropic disks through the Baroclinic Instability, especially within the coorbital region. Our results also complement previous studies by \citet{KLL03} that non-axisymmetric RWIs are likely to develop at local minima of potential vorticity distribution that are generated by the interaction between a planet and a inviscid barotropic disk. This second instability appears to be very common and robust, regardless of the equation of state, initial density distribution, and rotational law of the disk. The development of RWIs results in non-axisymmetric density blobs, which exert stronger torques onto the planet when they travel in the vicinity of the planet. As a result of that, large amplitude oscillations are introduced to the time behavior of the total torque acted on the planet by the disk. In our current simulations, RWIs do not change the overall picture of inward orbital migration but bring in a non-monotonic behavior to the migration speed. As a side effect, RWIs also introduce interesting structures into the disk. These structures may help the formation of Earth-like planets in the Habitable Zone or Hot Earths interior to a close-in giant planet.
astro-ph
we use a multidimensional hydrodynamics code to study the gravitational interaction between an embedded planet and a protoplanetary disk with emphasis on the generation of vortensity potential vorticity through a baroclinic instability and subsequent development of rossbywaveinstability rwi it is found that the generation of potential vorticity is very common and effective in nonbarotropic disks through the baroclinic instability especially within the coorbital region our results also complement previous studies by citetkll03 that nonaxisymmetric rwis are likely to develop at local minima of potential vorticity distribution that are generated by the interaction between a planet and a inviscid barotropic disk this second instability appears to be very common and robust regardless of the equation of state initial density distribution and rotational law of the disk the development of rwis results in nonaxisymmetric density blobs which exert stronger torques onto the planet when they travel in the vicinity of the planet as a result of that large amplitude oscillations are introduced to the time behavior of the total torque acted on the planet by the disk in our current simulations rwis do not change the overall picture of inward orbital migration but bring in a nonmonotonic behavior to the migration speed as a side effect rwis also introduce interesting structures into the disk these structures may help the formation of earthlike planets in the habitable zone or hot earths interior to a closein giant planet
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706.3405
On Point Coverings of Boxes in $\mathbb R^d$
Families of boxes in $\mathbb R^d$ are considered. In the paper an upper bound on the size of a minimum transversal in terms of the space dimension and the independence number of the given family was improved.
math.CO
families of boxes in mathbb rd are considered in the paper an upper bound on the size of a minimum transversal in terms of the space dimension and the independence number of the given family was improved
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706.3406
A Universal Interacting Crossover Regime in Two-Dimensional Quantum Dots
Interacting electrons in quantum dots with large Thouless number $g$ in the three classical random matrix symmetry classes are well-understood. When a specific type of spin-orbit coupling known to be dominant in two dimensional semiconductor quantum dots is introduced, we show that a new interacting quantum critical crossover energy scale emerges and low-energy quasiparticles generically have a decay width proportional to their energy. The low-energy physics of this system is an example of a universal interacting crossover regime.
cond-mat.mes-hall
interacting electrons in quantum dots with large thouless number g in the three classical random matrix symmetry classes are wellunderstood when a specific type of spinorbit coupling known to be dominant in two dimensional semiconductor quantum dots is introduced we show that a new interacting quantum critical crossover energy scale emerges and lowenergy quasiparticles generically have a decay width proportional to their energy the lowenergy physics of this system is an example of a universal interacting crossover regime
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706.3407
Abundances of Planetary Nebula M1-42
The spectra of the planetary nebula M1-42 is reanalysed using spectral measurements made in the mid-infrared with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The aim is to determine the chemical composition of this object. We also make use of ISO, IUE and ground based spectra. Abundances determined from the mid- and far-infrared lines, which are insensitive to electron temperature, are used as the basis for the determination of the composition, which are found to substantially differ from earlier results. High values of neon, argon and sulfur are found. They are higher than in other PN, with the exception of NGC6153, a nebula of very similar abundances. The high values of helium and nitrogen found indicate that the second dredge-up and hot bottom burning has occurred in the course of evolution and that the central star was originally more massive than 4Msun. The present temperature and luminosity of the central star is determined and at first sight may be inconsistent with such a high mass.
astro-ph
the spectra of the planetary nebula m142 is reanalysed using spectral measurements made in the midinfrared with the spitzer space telescope the aim is to determine the chemical composition of this object we also make use of iso iue and ground based spectra abundances determined from the mid and farinfrared lines which are insensitive to electron temperature are used as the basis for the determination of the composition which are found to substantially differ from earlier results high values of neon argon and sulfur are found they are higher than in other pn with the exception of ngc6153 a nebula of very similar abundances the high values of helium and nitrogen found indicate that the second dredgeup and hot bottom burning has occurred in the course of evolution and that the central star was originally more massive than 4msun the present temperature and luminosity of the central star is determined and at first sight may be inconsistent with such a high mass
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706.3408
Current Renormalization in Finite Volume
For finite volume field theories with discrete translational invariance, conserved currents can be additively renormalized by infrared effects. We demonstrate this for pions using chiral perturbation theory coupled to electromagnetism in a periodic box. Gauge invariant single particle effective theories are constructed to explain these results. In such theories, current renormalization arises from operators involving the zero mode of the gauge field. No contradictions with Ward identities, or low-energy theorems are encountered.
hep-lat hep-ph nucl-th
for finite volume field theories with discrete translational invariance conserved currents can be additively renormalized by infrared effects we demonstrate this for pions using chiral perturbation theory coupled to electromagnetism in a periodic box gauge invariant single particle effective theories are constructed to explain these results in such theories current renormalization arises from operators involving the zero mode of the gauge field no contradictions with ward identities or lowenergy theorems are encountered
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706.3409
Spinless photon dark matter from two universal extra dimensions
We explore the properties of dark matter in theories with two universal extra dimensions, where the lightest Kaluza-Klein state is a spin-0 neutral particle, representing a six-dimensional photon polarized along the extra dimensions. Annihilation of this 'spinless photon' proceeds predominantly through Higgs boson exchange, and is largely independent of other Kaluza-Klein particles. The measured relic abundance sets an upper limit on the spinless photon mass of 500 GeV, which decreases to almost 200 GeV if the Higgs boson is light. The phenomenology of this dark matter candidate is strikingly different from Kaluza-Klein dark matter in theories with one universal extra dimension. Elastic scattering of the spinless photon with quarks is helicity suppressed, making its direct detection challenging, although possible at upcoming experiments. The prospects for indirect detection with gamma rays and antimatter are similar to those of neutralinos. The rates predicted at neutrino telescopes are below the sensitivity of next-generation experiments.
hep-ph astro-ph
we explore the properties of dark matter in theories with two universal extra dimensions where the lightest kaluzaklein state is a spin0 neutral particle representing a sixdimensional photon polarized along the extra dimensions annihilation of this spinless photon proceeds predominantly through higgs boson exchange and is largely independent of other kaluzaklein particles the measured relic abundance sets an upper limit on the spinless photon mass of 500 gev which decreases to almost 200 gev if the higgs boson is light the phenomenology of this dark matter candidate is strikingly different from kaluzaklein dark matter in theories with one universal extra dimension elastic scattering of the spinless photon with quarks is helicity suppressed making its direct detection challenging although possible at upcoming experiments the prospects for indirect detection with gamma rays and antimatter are similar to those of neutralinos the rates predicted at neutrino telescopes are below the sensitivity of nextgeneration experiments
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706.341
Noncommuting Flux Sectors in a Tabletop Experiment
We show how one can use superconductors and Josephson junctions to create a laboratory system which can explore the groundstates of the free electromagnetic field in a 3-manifold with torsion in its cohomology.
hep-th
we show how one can use superconductors and josephson junctions to create a laboratory system which can explore the groundstates of the free electromagnetic field in a 3manifold with torsion in its cohomology
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706.3411
Cavity QED with a Bose-Einstein condensate
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) describes the coherent interaction between matter and an electromagnetic field confined within a resonator structure, and is providing a useful platform for developing concepts in quantum information processing. By using high-quality resonators, a strong coupling regime can be reached experimentally in which atoms coherently exchange a photon with a single light-field mode many times before dissipation sets in. This has led to fundamental studies with both microwave and optical resonators. To meet the challenges posed by quantum state engineering and quantum information processing, recent experiments have focused on laser cooling and trapping of atoms inside an optical cavity. However, the tremendous degree of control over atomic gases achieved with Bose-Einstein condensation has so far not been used for cavity QED. Here we achieve the strong coupling of a Bose-Einstein condensate to the quantized field of an ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity and present a measurement of its eigenenergy spectrum. This is a conceptually new regime of cavity QED, in which all atoms occupy a single mode of a matter-wave field and couple identically to the light field, sharing a single excitation. This opens possibilities ranging from quantum communication to a wealth of new phenomena that can be expected in the many-body physics of quantum gases with cavity-mediated interactions.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
cavity quantum electrodynamics cavity qed describes the coherent interaction between matter and an electromagnetic field confined within a resonator structure and is providing a useful platform for developing concepts in quantum information processing by using highquality resonators a strong coupling regime can be reached experimentally in which atoms coherently exchange a photon with a single lightfield mode many times before dissipation sets in this has led to fundamental studies with both microwave and optical resonators to meet the challenges posed by quantum state engineering and quantum information processing recent experiments have focused on laser cooling and trapping of atoms inside an optical cavity however the tremendous degree of control over atomic gases achieved with boseeinstein condensation has so far not been used for cavity qed here we achieve the strong coupling of a boseeinstein condensate to the quantized field of an ultrahighfinesse optical cavity and present a measurement of its eigenenergy spectrum this is a conceptually new regime of cavity qed in which all atoms occupy a single mode of a matterwave field and couple identically to the light field sharing a single excitation this opens possibilities ranging from quantum communication to a wealth of new phenomena that can be expected in the manybody physics of quantum gases with cavitymediated interactions
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706.3412
On Canonical Forms of Complete Problems via First-order Projections
The class of problems complete for NP via first-order reductions is known to be characterized by existential second-order sentences of a fixed form. All such sentences are built around the so-called generalized IS-form of the sentence that defines Independent-Set. This result can also be understood as that every sentence that defines a NP-complete problem P can be decomposed in two disjuncts such that the first one characterizes a fragment of P as hard as Independent-Set and the second the rest of P. That is, a decomposition that divides every such sentence into a quotient and residue modulo Independent-Set. In this paper, we show that this result can be generalized over a wide collection of complexity classes, including the so-called nice classes. Moreover, we show that such decomposition can be done for any complete problem with respect to the given class, and that two such decompositions are non-equivalent in general. Interestingly, our results are based on simple and well-known properties of first-order reductions.ow that this result can be generalized over a wide collection of complexity classes, including the so-called nice classes. Moreover, we show that such decomposition can be done for any complete problem with respect to the given class, and that two such decompositions are non-equivalent in general. Interestingly, our results are based on simple and well-known properties of first-order reductions.
cs.CC
the class of problems complete for np via firstorder reductions is known to be characterized by existential secondorder sentences of a fixed form all such sentences are built around the socalled generalized isform of the sentence that defines independentset this result can also be understood as that every sentence that defines a npcomplete problem p can be decomposed in two disjuncts such that the first one characterizes a fragment of p as hard as independentset and the second the rest of p that is a decomposition that divides every such sentence into a quotient and residue modulo independentset in this paper we show that this result can be generalized over a wide collection of complexity classes including the socalled nice classes moreover we show that such decomposition can be done for any complete problem with respect to the given class and that two such decompositions are nonequivalent in general interestingly our results are based on simple and wellknown properties of firstorder reductionsow that this result can be generalized over a wide collection of complexity classes including the socalled nice classes moreover we show that such decomposition can be done for any complete problem with respect to the given class and that two such decompositions are nonequivalent in general interestingly our results are based on simple and wellknown properties of firstorder reductions
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706.3413
Orbital ordering in the ferromagnetic insulator Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ from first principles
We found, using density-functional theory calculations within the generalized gradient approximation, that Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ is stabilized in the insulating orthorhombic phase rather than in the metallic tetragonal phase. The lattice distortion present in the orthorhombic phase corresponds to the $x^2-z^2$/$y^2-z^2$ hole-orbital ordering of the Ag$^{2+}$ $4d^9$ ions, and this orbital ordering leads to the observed ferromagnetism, as confirmed by the present total-energy calculations. This picture holds in the presence of moderate 4d-electron correlation. The results are compared with the picture of ferromagnetism based on the metallic tetragonal phase.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el
we found using densityfunctional theory calculations within the generalized gradient approximation that cs_2agf_4 is stabilized in the insulating orthorhombic phase rather than in the metallic tetragonal phase the lattice distortion present in the orthorhombic phase corresponds to the x2z2y2z2 holeorbital ordering of the ag2 4d9 ions and this orbital ordering leads to the observed ferromagnetism as confirmed by the present totalenergy calculations this picture holds in the presence of moderate 4delectron correlation the results are compared with the picture of ferromagnetism based on the metallic tetragonal phase
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