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710.5453
Integral elements of K-theory and products of modular curves II
We discuss the relationship between different notions of "integrality" in motivic cohomology/K-theory which arise in the Beilinson and Bloch-Kato conjectures, and prove their equivalence in some cases for products of curves (used in the authors' previous paper in this series), as well as obtaining a general result, first proved by Jannsen (unpublished), which reduces their equivalence to standard conjectures in arithmetic algebraic geometry.
math.NT
we discuss the relationship between different notions of integrality in motivic cohomologyktheory which arise in the beilinson and blochkato conjectures and prove their equivalence in some cases for products of curves used in the authors previous paper in this series as well as obtaining a general result first proved by jannsen unpublished which reduces their equivalence to standard conjectures in arithmetic algebraic geometry
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710.5454
Non-displaceable Lagrangian submanifolds and Floer cohomology with non-unitary line bundle
We show that in many examples the non-displaceability of Lagrangian submanifolds by Hamiltonian isotopy can be proved via Lagrangian Floer cohomology with non-unitary line bundle. The examples include all monotone Lagrangian torus fibers in toric Fano manifold (which was also proven by Entov and Polterovich via the theory of symplectic quasi-states), some non-monotone Lagrangian torus fibers. We also extend the results by Oh and the author about the computations of Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers to the case of all toric Fano manifolds, removing the convexity assumption in the previous work.
math.SG
we show that in many examples the nondisplaceability of lagrangian submanifolds by hamiltonian isotopy can be proved via lagrangian floer cohomology with nonunitary line bundle the examples include all monotone lagrangian torus fibers in toric fano manifold which was also proven by entov and polterovich via the theory of symplectic quasistates some nonmonotone lagrangian torus fibers we also extend the results by oh and the author about the computations of floer cohomology of lagrangian torus fibers to the case of all toric fano manifolds removing the convexity assumption in the previous work
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710.5455
Analog Chaos-based Secure Communications and Cryptanalysis: A Brief Survey
A large number of analog chaos-based secure communication systems have been proposed since the early 1990s exploiting the technique of chaos synchronization. A brief survey of these chaos-based cryptosystems and of related cryptanalytic results is given. Some recently proposed countermeasures against known attacks are also introduced.
nlin.CD cs.CR
a large number of analog chaosbased secure communication systems have been proposed since the early 1990s exploiting the technique of chaos synchronization a brief survey of these chaosbased cryptosystems and of related cryptanalytic results is given some recently proposed countermeasures against known attacks are also introduced
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710.5456
Poisson groups and differential Galois theory of Schroedinger equation on the circle
We combine the projective geometry approach to Schroedinger equations on the circle and differential Galois theory with the theory of Poisson Lie groups to construct a natural Poisson structure on the space of wave functions (at the zero energy level). Applications to KdV-like nonlinear equations are discussed. The same approach is applied to second order difference operators on a one-dimensional lattice, yielding an extension of the lattice Poisson Virasoro algebra.
nlin.SI math.QA
we combine the projective geometry approach to schroedinger equations on the circle and differential galois theory with the theory of poisson lie groups to construct a natural poisson structure on the space of wave functions at the zero energy level applications to kdvlike nonlinear equations are discussed the same approach is applied to second order difference operators on a onedimensional lattice yielding an extension of the lattice poisson virasoro algebra
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710.5457
Cubist Algebras
We construct algebras from rhombohedral tilings of Euclidean space obtained as projections of certain cubical complexes. We show that these `Cubist algebras' satisfy strong homological properties, such as Koszulity and quasi-heredity, reflecting the combinatorics of the tilings. We construct derived equivalences between Cubist algebras associated to local mutations in tilings. We recover as a special case the Rhombal algebras of Michael Peach and make a precise connection to weight 2 blocks of symmetric groups.
math.RT math.CO
we construct algebras from rhombohedral tilings of euclidean space obtained as projections of certain cubical complexes we show that these cubist algebras satisfy strong homological properties such as koszulity and quasiheredity reflecting the combinatorics of the tilings we construct derived equivalences between cubist algebras associated to local mutations in tilings we recover as a special case the rhombal algebras of michael peach and make a precise connection to weight 2 blocks of symmetric groups
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710.5458
Disordered loops in the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-fermion model
The spin-fermion model has long been used to describe the quantum-critical behavior of 2d electron systems near an antiferromagnetic (AFM) instability. Recently, the standard procedure to integrate out the fermions to obtain an effective action for spin waves has been questioned in the clean case. We show that in the presence of disorder, the single fermion loops display two crossover scales: upon lowering the energy, the singularities of the clean fermionic loops are first cut off, but below a second scale new singularities arise that lead again to marginal scaling. In addition, impurity lines between different fermion loops generate new relevant couplings which dominate at low energies. We outline a non-linear sigma model formulation of the single-loop problem, which allows to control the higher singularities and provides an effective model in terms of low-energy diffusive as well as spin modes.
cond-mat.str-el
the spinfermion model has long been used to describe the quantumcritical behavior of 2d electron systems near an antiferromagnetic afm instability recently the standard procedure to integrate out the fermions to obtain an effective action for spin waves has been questioned in the clean case we show that in the presence of disorder the single fermion loops display two crossover scales upon lowering the energy the singularities of the clean fermionic loops are first cut off but below a second scale new singularities arise that lead again to marginal scaling in addition impurity lines between different fermion loops generate new relevant couplings which dominate at low energies we outline a nonlinear sigma model formulation of the singleloop problem which allows to control the higher singularities and provides an effective model in terms of lowenergy diffusive as well as spin modes
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710.5459
High-bandwidth viscoelastic properties of aging colloidal glasses and gels
We report measurements of the frequency-dependent shear moduli of aging colloidal systems that evolve from a purely low-viscosity liquid to a predominantly elastic glass or gel. Using microrheology, we measure the local complex shear modulus $G^{*}(\omega)$ over a very wide range of frequencies (1 Hz- 100 kHz). The combined use of one- and two-particle microrheology allows us to differentiate between colloidal glasses and gels - the glass is homogenous, whereas the colloidal gel shows a considerable degree of heterogeneity on length scales larger than 0.5 micrometer. Despite this characteristic difference, both systems exhibit similar rheological behavior which evolve in time with aging, showing a crossover from a single power-law frequency dependence of the viscoelastic modulus to a sum of two power laws. The crossover occurs at a time $t_{0}$, which defines a mechanical transition point. We found that the data acquired during the aging of different samples can be collapsed onto a single master curve by scaling the aging time with $t_{0}$. This raises questions about the prior interpretation of two power laws in terms of a superposition of an elastic network embedded in a viscoelastic background. Keywords: Aging, colloidal glass, passive microrheology
cond-mat.soft
we report measurements of the frequencydependent shear moduli of aging colloidal systems that evolve from a purely lowviscosity liquid to a predominantly elastic glass or gel using microrheology we measure the local complex shear modulus gomega over a very wide range of frequencies 1 hz 100 khz the combined use of one and twoparticle microrheology allows us to differentiate between colloidal glasses and gels the glass is homogenous whereas the colloidal gel shows a considerable degree of heterogeneity on length scales larger than 05 micrometer despite this characteristic difference both systems exhibit similar rheological behavior which evolve in time with aging showing a crossover from a single powerlaw frequency dependence of the viscoelastic modulus to a sum of two power laws the crossover occurs at a time t_0 which defines a mechanical transition point we found that the data acquired during the aging of different samples can be collapsed onto a single master curve by scaling the aging time with t_0 this raises questions about the prior interpretation of two power laws in terms of a superposition of an elastic network embedded in a viscoelastic background keywords aging colloidal glass passive microrheology
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710.546
Pioneer Effect: An Interesting Numerical Coincidence
We note that if we construct from the observed anomalous acceleration $a_P=(8.74\pm1.33)\times 10^{-10}m/s^2$ of the spacecrafts Pioneer 10 and 11 towards the Sun, the proton mass $m_p$ and Newton's gravitational constant $G$ a quantity $\ell_P:=(Gm_p/a_P)^{1/2}$, which has the same dimension as length, then $\ell_P$ is roughly of the same order of magnitude as is the Compton wave length of a proton. We formulate a simple quantum mechanical hypothesis, which aims to provide an explanation to this interesting numerical coincidence.
gr-qc
we note that if we construct from the observed anomalous acceleration a_p874pm133times 1010ms2 of the spacecrafts pioneer 10 and 11 towards the sun the proton mass m_p and newtons gravitational constant g a quantity ell_pgm_pa_p12 which has the same dimension as length then ell_p is roughly of the same order of magnitude as is the compton wave length of a proton we formulate a simple quantum mechanical hypothesis which aims to provide an explanation to this interesting numerical coincidence
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710.5461
Pion form factor at spacelike momentum transfers from local-duality QCD sum rule
We study the pion form factor in a broad range of spacelike momentum transfers within the local-duality version of QCD sum rules. We make use of the recently calculated two-loop double spectral density of the $<AVA>$ correlator including O(1) and $O(\alpha_s)$ terms, which allows us to give predictions for the pion form factor and to study the interplay between the nonperturbative and perturbative contributions to the pion form factor without any reference to the pion distribution amplitude. Our results demonstrate the dominance of the nonperturbative contribution to the form factor up to relatively large values of the momentum transfer: namely, the nonperturbative O(1) term, which provides the $1/Q^4$ power correction, gives more than half of the pion form factor in the region $Q^2 \le 20$ GeV$^2$.
hep-ph
we study the pion form factor in a broad range of spacelike momentum transfers within the localduality version of qcd sum rules we make use of the recently calculated twoloop double spectral density of the ava correlator including o1 and oalpha_s terms which allows us to give predictions for the pion form factor and to study the interplay between the nonperturbative and perturbative contributions to the pion form factor without any reference to the pion distribution amplitude our results demonstrate the dominance of the nonperturbative contribution to the form factor up to relatively large values of the momentum transfer namely the nonperturbative o1 term which provides the 1q4 power correction gives more than half of the pion form factor in the region q2 le 20 gev2
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710.5462
Rock blocks
Consider representation theory associated to symmetric groups, or to Hecke algebras in type A, or to q-Schur algebras, or to finite general linear groups in non-describing characteristic. Rock blocks are certain combinatorially defined blocks appearing in such a representation theory, first observed by R. Rouquier. Rock blocks are much more symmetric than general blocks, and every block is derived equivalent to a Rock block. Motivated by a theorem of J. Chuang and R. Kessar in the case of symmetric group blocks of abelian defect, we pursue a structure theorem for these blocks.
math.RT
consider representation theory associated to symmetric groups or to hecke algebras in type a or to qschur algebras or to finite general linear groups in nondescribing characteristic rock blocks are certain combinatorially defined blocks appearing in such a representation theory first observed by r rouquier rock blocks are much more symmetric than general blocks and every block is derived equivalent to a rock block motivated by a theorem of j chuang and r kessar in the case of symmetric group blocks of abelian defect we pursue a structure theorem for these blocks
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710.5463
First results of systematic studies done with different types of Silicon Photomultipliers
The presented results are obtained during the first steps taken in order to develop a setup and measurement procedures which allow to compare properties of diverse kinds of silicon photomultipliers. The response to low-intensity light was studied for silicon photomultipliers produced by CPTA (Russia), Hamamatsu (Japan), ITC-irst (Italy) and SensL (Ireland).
physics.ins-det
the presented results are obtained during the first steps taken in order to develop a setup and measurement procedures which allow to compare properties of diverse kinds of silicon photomultipliers the response to lowintensity light was studied for silicon photomultipliers produced by cpta russia hamamatsu japan itcirst italy and sensl ireland
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710.5464
Local invariants attached to Weierstrass points
Let X/S be a hyperelliptic curve of genus g over the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring. Two fundamental numerical invariants are attached to X/S: the valuation of the hyperelliptic discriminant of X/S, and the valuation of the Mumford discriminant of X/S (equivalently, the Artin conductor). For a residue field of characteristic 0 as well as for X/S semistable these invariants are known to satisfy certain inequalities. We prove an exact formula relating the two invariants with intersection theoretic data determined by the distribution of Weierstrass points over the special fiber, in the semistable case. We also prove an exact formula for the stable Faltings height of an arbitrary curve over a number field, involving local contributions associated to its Weierstrass points.
math.AG
let xs be a hyperelliptic curve of genus g over the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring two fundamental numerical invariants are attached to xs the valuation of the hyperelliptic discriminant of xs and the valuation of the mumford discriminant of xs equivalently the artin conductor for a residue field of characteristic 0 as well as for xs semistable these invariants are known to satisfy certain inequalities we prove an exact formula relating the two invariants with intersection theoretic data determined by the distribution of weierstrass points over the special fiber in the semistable case we also prove an exact formula for the stable faltings height of an arbitrary curve over a number field involving local contributions associated to its weierstrass points
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710.5465
Cryptanalysis of an image encryption scheme based on a new total shuffling algorithm
Chaotic systems have been broadly exploited through the last two decades to build encryption methods. Recently, two new image encryption schemes have been proposed, where the encryption process involves a permutation operation and an XOR-like transformation of the shuffled pixels, which are controlled by three chaotic systems. This paper discusses some defects of the schemes and how to break them with a chosen-plaintext attack.
nlin.CD cs.CR cs.MM
chaotic systems have been broadly exploited through the last two decades to build encryption methods recently two new image encryption schemes have been proposed where the encryption process involves a permutation operation and an xorlike transformation of the shuffled pixels which are controlled by three chaotic systems this paper discusses some defects of the schemes and how to break them with a chosenplaintext attack
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710.5466
Structural properties of disk galaxies I. The intrinsic ellipticity of bulges
(Abridged) A variety of formation scenarios was proposed to explain the diversity of properties observed in bulges. Studying their intrinsic shape can help in constraining the dominant mechanism at the epochs of their assembly. The structural parameters of a magnitude-limited sample of 148 unbarred S0--Sb galaxies were derived in order to study the correlations between bulges and disks as well as the probability distribution function (PDF) of the intrinsic equatorial ellipticity of bulges. It is presented a new fitting algorithm (GASP2D) to perform the two-dimensional photometric decomposition of galaxy surface-brightness distribution. This was assumed to be the sum of the contribution of a bulge and disk component characterized by elliptical and concentric isophotes with constant (but possibly different) ellipticity and position angles. Bulge and disk parameters of the sample galaxies were derived from the J-band images which were available in the Two Micron All Sky Survey. The PDF of the equatorial ellipticity of the bulges was derived from the distribution of the observed ellipticities of bulges and misalignments between bulges and disks. Strong correlations between the bulge and disk parameters were found. About 80% of bulges in unbarred lenticular and early-to-intermediate spiral galaxies are not oblate but triaxial ellipsoids. Their mean axial ratio in the equatorial plane is <B/A> = 0.85. There is not significant dependence of their PDF on morphology, light concentration, and luminosity. The interplay between bulge and disk parameters favors scenarios in which bulges assembled from mergers and/or grew over long times through disk secular evolution. But all these mechanisms have to be tested against the derived distribution of bulge intrinsic ellipticities.
astro-ph
abridged a variety of formation scenarios was proposed to explain the diversity of properties observed in bulges studying their intrinsic shape can help in constraining the dominant mechanism at the epochs of their assembly the structural parameters of a magnitudelimited sample of 148 unbarred s0sb galaxies were derived in order to study the correlations between bulges and disks as well as the probability distribution function pdf of the intrinsic equatorial ellipticity of bulges it is presented a new fitting algorithm gasp2d to perform the twodimensional photometric decomposition of galaxy surfacebrightness distribution this was assumed to be the sum of the contribution of a bulge and disk component characterized by elliptical and concentric isophotes with constant but possibly different ellipticity and position angles bulge and disk parameters of the sample galaxies were derived from the jband images which were available in the two micron all sky survey the pdf of the equatorial ellipticity of the bulges was derived from the distribution of the observed ellipticities of bulges and misalignments between bulges and disks strong correlations between the bulge and disk parameters were found about 80 of bulges in unbarred lenticular and earlytointermediate spiral galaxies are not oblate but triaxial ellipsoids their mean axial ratio in the equatorial plane is ba 085 there is not significant dependence of their pdf on morphology light concentration and luminosity the interplay between bulge and disk parameters favors scenarios in which bulges assembled from mergers andor grew over long times through disk secular evolution but all these mechanisms have to be tested against the derived distribution of bulge intrinsic ellipticities
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710.5467
Gerbes and Lie Groups
We present a review of bundle gerbes, emphasizing their relations to Lie groups. Indeed, compact Lie groups do not only carry the structure of a Riemannian manifold, but also canonical families of bundle gerbes. We recall the construction of these bundle gerbes and their relation to loop groups. We discuss several algebraic structures for bundle gerbes with connection such as Jandl structures, gerbe modules and gerbe bimodules, and indicate their applications to Wess-Zumino terms in two-dimensional field theories.
math.DG math-ph math.MP
we present a review of bundle gerbes emphasizing their relations to lie groups indeed compact lie groups do not only carry the structure of a riemannian manifold but also canonical families of bundle gerbes we recall the construction of these bundle gerbes and their relation to loop groups we discuss several algebraic structures for bundle gerbes with connection such as jandl structures gerbe modules and gerbe bimodules and indicate their applications to wesszumino terms in twodimensional field theories
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710.5468
Projective bases of division algebras and groups of central type II
Let G be a finite group and let k be a field. We say that G is a projective basis of a k-algebra A if it is isomorphic to a twisted group algebra k^\alpha G for some class \alpha in H^2(G,k^\times), where the action of G on k^\times is trivial. In a preceding paper by Aljadeff, Haile and the author (Projective bases of division algebras and groups of central type, Israel J. Math. 146 (2005) 317-335) it was shown that if a group G is a projective basis in a k-central division algebra then G is nilpotent and every Sylow-p subgroup of G is on the short list of families of p-groups, denoted by \Lambda. In this paper we complete the classification of projective bases of division algebras by showing that every group on that list is a projective basis for a suitable division algebra. We also consider the question of uniqueness of a projective basis of a k-central division algebra. We show that basically all groups on the list \Lambda but one satisfy certain rigidity property.
math.RA math.GR
let g be a finite group and let k be a field we say that g is a projective basis of a kalgebra a if it is isomorphic to a twisted group algebra kalpha g for some class alpha in h2gktimes where the action of g on ktimes is trivial in a preceding paper by aljadeff haile and the author projective bases of division algebras and groups of central type israel j math 146 2005 317335 it was shown that if a group g is a projective basis in a kcentral division algebra then g is nilpotent and every sylowp subgroup of g is on the short list of families of pgroups denoted by lambda in this paper we complete the classification of projective bases of division algebras by showing that every group on that list is a projective basis for a suitable division algebra we also consider the question of uniqueness of a projective basis of a kcentral division algebra we show that basically all groups on the list lambda but one satisfy certain rigidity property
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710.5469
On the effective action of D-brane-anti-D-brane system
We examine the proposal for constructing the effective action of a D-brane-anti-D-brane system from the non-abelian extension of tachyon DBI action. We consider two prescriptions for the trace in the non-abelian tachyon DBI action. The usual trace and the symmetric trace prescription. The former gives an action for the D\bar{D} system which reduces to the action proposed by A.Sen for coincident branes. The latter gives a different action which is consistent with the S-matrix element calculations.
hep-th
we examine the proposal for constructing the effective action of a dbraneantidbrane system from the nonabelian extension of tachyon dbi action we consider two prescriptions for the trace in the nonabelian tachyon dbi action the usual trace and the symmetric trace prescription the former gives an action for the dbard system which reduces to the action proposed by asen for coincident branes the latter gives a different action which is consistent with the smatrix element calculations
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710.547
Eliminating spurious velocities in the free energy lattice Boltzmann method
Spurious velocities are unphysical currents that appear close to curved interfaces in diffuse interface methods. We analyse the causes of these spurious velocities in the free energy lattice Boltzmann algorithm. By making a suitable choice of the equilibrium distribution, and by finding the best way to numerically calculate derivatives, we show that these velocities may be decreased by an order of magnitude compared to previous models. Furthermore, we propose a momentum conserving forcing method that reduces spurious velocities by another factor of ~5. In three dimensions we find that 19 velocity vectors is the minimum number necessary.
cond-mat.stat-mech
spurious velocities are unphysical currents that appear close to curved interfaces in diffuse interface methods we analyse the causes of these spurious velocities in the free energy lattice boltzmann algorithm by making a suitable choice of the equilibrium distribution and by finding the best way to numerically calculate derivatives we show that these velocities may be decreased by an order of magnitude compared to previous models furthermore we propose a momentum conserving forcing method that reduces spurious velocities by another factor of 5 in three dimensions we find that 19 velocity vectors is the minimum number necessary
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710.5471
Cryptanalysis of a computer cryptography scheme based on a filter bank
This paper analyzes the security of a recently-proposed signal encryption scheme based on a filter bank. A very critical weakness of this new signal encryption procedure is exploited in order to successfully recover the associated secret key.
nlin.CD cs.CR
this paper analyzes the security of a recentlyproposed signal encryption scheme based on a filter bank a very critical weakness of this new signal encryption procedure is exploited in order to successfully recover the associated secret key
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710.5472
Centres of skewfields and completely faithful Iwasawa modules
Let H be a torsionfree compact p-adic analytic group whose Lie algebra is split semisimple. We show that the quotient skewfield of fractions of the Iwasawa algebra \Lambda_H of H has trivial centre and use this result to classify the prime c-ideals in the Iwasawa algebra \Lambda_G of G := H \times \Zp. We also show that a finitely generated torsion \Lambda_G-module having no non-zero pseudo-null submodule is completely faithful if and only if it is has no central torsion. This has an application to the study of Selmer groups of elliptic curves.
math.NT
let h be a torsionfree compact padic analytic group whose lie algebra is split semisimple we show that the quotient skewfield of fractions of the iwasawa algebra lambda_h of h has trivial centre and use this result to classify the prime cideals in the iwasawa algebra lambda_g of g h times zp we also show that a finitely generated torsion lambda_gmodule having no nonzero pseudonull submodule is completely faithful if and only if it is has no central torsion this has an application to the study of selmer groups of elliptic curves
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710.5473
Massive Dark Matter Halos around Bright Isolated Galaxies in the 2dFGRS
We identify a large sample of isolated bright galaxies and their fainter satellites in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). We analyse the dynamics of ensembles of these galaxies selected according to luminosity and morphological type by stacking the positions of their satellites and estimating the velocity dispersion of the combined set. We test our methodology using realistic mock catalogues constructed from cosmological simulations. The method returns an unbiased estimate of the velocity dispersion provided that the isolation criterion is strict enough to avoid contamination and that the scatter in halo mass at fixed primary luminosity is small. Using a maximum likelihood estimator that accounts for interlopers, we determine the satellite velocity dispersion within a projected radius of 175 kpc/h. The dispersion increases with the luminosity of the primary and is larger for elliptical galaxies than for spiral galaxies of similar bJ luminosity. Calibrating the mass-velocity dispersion relation using our mock catalogues, we find a dynamical mass within 175 kpc/h of M_175 ~ 4.0^{+2.3}_{-1.5} 10^12 (L_bJ/L_*) M_sol/h for elliptical galaxies and M_175 ~ 6.3^{+6.3}_{-3.1} 10^11 (L_bJ/L_*)^1.6 Msol/h for spiral galaxies. Finally, we compare our results with recent studies and investigate their limitations using our mock catalogues.
astro-ph
we identify a large sample of isolated bright galaxies and their fainter satellites in the 2df galaxy redshift survey 2dfgrs we analyse the dynamics of ensembles of these galaxies selected according to luminosity and morphological type by stacking the positions of their satellites and estimating the velocity dispersion of the combined set we test our methodology using realistic mock catalogues constructed from cosmological simulations the method returns an unbiased estimate of the velocity dispersion provided that the isolation criterion is strict enough to avoid contamination and that the scatter in halo mass at fixed primary luminosity is small using a maximum likelihood estimator that accounts for interlopers we determine the satellite velocity dispersion within a projected radius of 175 kpch the dispersion increases with the luminosity of the primary and is larger for elliptical galaxies than for spiral galaxies of similar bj luminosity calibrating the massvelocity dispersion relation using our mock catalogues we find a dynamical mass within 175 kpch of m_175 4023_15 1012 l_bjl_ m_solh for elliptical galaxies and m_175 6363_31 1011 l_bjl_16 msolh for spiral galaxies finally we compare our results with recent studies and investigate their limitations using our mock catalogues
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710.5474
Ultra-Sensitive Hot-Electron Nanobolometers for Terahertz Astrophysics
The background-limited spectral imaging of the early Universe requires spaceborne terahertz (THz) detectors with the sensitivity 2-3 orders of magnitude better than that of the state-of-the-art bolometers. To realize this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, novel detector designs should combine an ultrasmall heat capacity of a sensor with its unique thermal isolation. Quantum effects in thermal transport at nanoscale put strong limitations on the further improvement of traditional membrane-supported bolometers. Here we demonstrate an innovative approach by developing superconducting hot-electron nanobolometers in which the electrons are cooled only due to a weak electron-phonon interaction. At T<0.1K, the electron-phonon thermal conductance in these nanodevices becomes less than one percent of the quantum of thermal conductance. The hot-electron nanobolometers, sufficiently sensitive for registering single THz photons, are very promising for submillimeter astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting.
cond-mat.other astro-ph cond-mat.mes-hall
the backgroundlimited spectral imaging of the early universe requires spaceborne terahertz thz detectors with the sensitivity 23 orders of magnitude better than that of the stateoftheart bolometers to realize this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed novel detector designs should combine an ultrasmall heat capacity of a sensor with its unique thermal isolation quantum effects in thermal transport at nanoscale put strong limitations on the further improvement of traditional membranesupported bolometers here we demonstrate an innovative approach by developing superconducting hotelectron nanobolometers in which the electrons are cooled only due to a weak electronphonon interaction at t01k the electronphonon thermal conductance in these nanodevices becomes less than one percent of the quantum of thermal conductance the hotelectron nanobolometers sufficiently sensitive for registering single thz photons are very promising for submillimeter astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting
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710.5475
A sharp upper bound for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue and the growth of the isoperimetric constant of convex domains
We show that as the ratio between the first Dirichlet eigenvalues of a convex domain and of the ball with the same volume becomes large, the same must happen to the corresponding ratio of isoperimetric constants. The proof is based on the generalization to arbitrary dimensions of Polya and Szego's 1951 upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian on planar star-shaped domains which depends on the support function of the domain. As a by-product, we also obtain a sharp upper bound for the spectral gap of convex domains.
math.SP math-ph math.MP
we show that as the ratio between the first dirichlet eigenvalues of a convex domain and of the ball with the same volume becomes large the same must happen to the corresponding ratio of isoperimetric constants the proof is based on the generalization to arbitrary dimensions of polya and szegos 1951 upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the dirichlet laplacian on planar starshaped domains which depends on the support function of the domain as a byproduct we also obtain a sharp upper bound for the spectral gap of convex domains
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710.5476
Ly$\alpha$ Leaks and Reionization
Ly$\alpha$ absorption spectra of QSOs at redshifts $z\simeq6$ show complete Gunn-Peterson absorption troughs (dark gaps) separated by tiny leaks. The dark gaps are from the intergalactic medium (IGM) where the density of neutral hydrogen are high enough to produce almost saturated absorptions, however, where the transmitted leaks come from is still unclear so far. We demonstrate that leaking can originate from the lowest density voids in the IGM as well as the ionized patches around ionizing sources using semi-analytical simulations. If leaks were produced in lowest density voids, the IGM might already be highly ionized, and the ionizing background should be almost uniform; in contrast, if leaks come from ionized patches, the neutral fraction of IGM would be still high, and the ionizing background is significantly inhomogeneous. Therefore, the origin of leaking is crucial to determining the epoch of inhomogeneous-to-uniform transition of the the ionizing photon background. We show that the origin could be studied with the statistical features of leaks. Actually, Ly$\alpha$ leaks can be well defined and described by the equivalent width $W$ and the full width of half area $W_{\rm H}$, both of which are less contaminated by instrumental resolution and noise. It is found that the distribution of $W$ and $W_{\rm H}$ of Ly$\alpha$ leaks are sensitive to the modeling of the ionizing background. We consider four representative reionization models. It is concluded that the leak statistics provides an effective tool to probe the evolutionary history of reionization at $z\simeq5-6.5$. Similar statistics would also be applicable to the reionization of He II at $z \simeq 3$(Abridged)
astro-ph
lyalpha absorption spectra of qsos at redshifts zsimeq6 show complete gunnpeterson absorption troughs dark gaps separated by tiny leaks the dark gaps are from the intergalactic medium igm where the density of neutral hydrogen are high enough to produce almost saturated absorptions however where the transmitted leaks come from is still unclear so far we demonstrate that leaking can originate from the lowest density voids in the igm as well as the ionized patches around ionizing sources using semianalytical simulations if leaks were produced in lowest density voids the igm might already be highly ionized and the ionizing background should be almost uniform in contrast if leaks come from ionized patches the neutral fraction of igm would be still high and the ionizing background is significantly inhomogeneous therefore the origin of leaking is crucial to determining the epoch of inhomogeneoustouniform transition of the the ionizing photon background we show that the origin could be studied with the statistical features of leaks actually lyalpha leaks can be well defined and described by the equivalent width w and the full width of half area w_rm h both of which are less contaminated by instrumental resolution and noise it is found that the distribution of w and w_rm h of lyalpha leaks are sensitive to the modeling of the ionizing background we consider four representative reionization models it is concluded that the leak statistics provides an effective tool to probe the evolutionary history of reionization at zsimeq565 similar statistics would also be applicable to the reionization of he ii at z simeq 3abridged
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710.5477
Thermoelectrical manipulation of nano-magnets
We propose a device that can operate as a magneto-resistive switch or oscillator. The device is based on a spin-thermo-electronic control of the exchange coupling of two strong ferromagnets through a weakly ferromagnetic spacer. We show that the local Joule heating due to a high concentration of current in a magnetic point contact or a nanopillar can be used to reversibly drive the weak ferromagnet through its Curie point and thereby exchange-decouple the strongly ferromagnetic layers, which have an antiparallel ground state. Such a spin-thermionic parallel-to-antiparallel switching causes magnetoresistance oscillations where the frequency can be controlled by proper biasing from essentially DC to GHz.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we propose a device that can operate as a magnetoresistive switch or oscillator the device is based on a spinthermoelectronic control of the exchange coupling of two strong ferromagnets through a weakly ferromagnetic spacer we show that the local joule heating due to a high concentration of current in a magnetic point contact or a nanopillar can be used to reversibly drive the weak ferromagnet through its curie point and thereby exchangedecouple the strongly ferromagnetic layers which have an antiparallel ground state such a spinthermionic paralleltoantiparallel switching causes magnetoresistance oscillations where the frequency can be controlled by proper biasing from essentially dc to ghz
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710.5478
The work of Jesse Douglas on Minimal Surfaces
This paper describes the work of Jesse Douglas on the Plateau problem, work for which he was awarded a Fields Medal in 1936, and considers the contributions Tibor Rado made in the 1930s.
math.HO math.DG
this paper describes the work of jesse douglas on the plateau problem work for which he was awarded a fields medal in 1936 and considers the contributions tibor rado made in the 1930s
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710.5479
A Weyl function approach to matter-wave coherence and Talbot-Lau effects
Weyl functions conveniently describe the evolution of wave coherences in periodic or quadratic potentials. In this work we use Weyl functions to study the ``Talbot-Lau effect'' in a time-domain matter-wave interferometer. A ``displacement diagram'' is introduced to analyze and calculate the matter-wave interference for an atomic cloud in a quadratic potential that interacts with a sequence of short optical standing wave pulses producing an atomic grating echo. Unlike previous treatments, this new approach allows the atomic ensemble to have an arbitrary initial phase-space distribution, and the standing wave grating vectors to span three dimensions. Several examples are discussed to illustrate the convenience of the diagrammatic technique including the following: a two-dimensional Talbot-Lau effect, the shift in the echo time and the recoil phase for the interferometer perturbed by a quadratic potential; and the realization of a time-domain ``Lau effect'' using a pulsed harmonic potential. The diagrammatic technique is applicable to diffraction gratings with arbitrary grating transmission functions. We conclude the paper with a general discussion on the Weyl function representations of matter-wave coherence, and relate the conservation of matter-wave coherence with the conservation of purity that distinguishes decoherence effects from dephasing effects.
physics.atom-ph
weyl functions conveniently describe the evolution of wave coherences in periodic or quadratic potentials in this work we use weyl functions to study the talbotlau effect in a timedomain matterwave interferometer a displacement diagram is introduced to analyze and calculate the matterwave interference for an atomic cloud in a quadratic potential that interacts with a sequence of short optical standing wave pulses producing an atomic grating echo unlike previous treatments this new approach allows the atomic ensemble to have an arbitrary initial phasespace distribution and the standing wave grating vectors to span three dimensions several examples are discussed to illustrate the convenience of the diagrammatic technique including the following a twodimensional talbotlau effect the shift in the echo time and the recoil phase for the interferometer perturbed by a quadratic potential and the realization of a timedomain lau effect using a pulsed harmonic potential the diagrammatic technique is applicable to diffraction gratings with arbitrary grating transmission functions we conclude the paper with a general discussion on the weyl function representations of matterwave coherence and relate the conservation of matterwave coherence with the conservation of purity that distinguishes decoherence effects from dephasing effects
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710.548
Eikonal Methods in AdS/CFT: Regge Theory and Multi-Reggeon Exchange
We analyze conformal field theory 4-point functions of the form A ~ O_1(x_1) O_2(x_2) O_1(x_3) O_2(x_4), where the operators O_i are scalar primaries. We show that, in the Lorentzian regime, the limit x_1 -> x_3 is dominated by the exchange of conformal partial waves of highest spin. When partial waves of arbitrary spin contribute to A, the behavior of the Lorentzian amplitude for x_1 -> x_3 must be analyzed using complex-spin techniques, leading to a generalized Regge theory for CFT's. Whenever the CFT is dual to a string theory, the string tree-level contribution A_tree to the amplitude A presents a Regge pole corresponding the a gravi-reggeon exchange. In this case, we apply the impact parameter representation for CFT amplitudes, previously developed, to analyze multiple reggeon exchanges in the eikonal limit. As an example, we apply these general techniques to N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory in d=4 in the limit of large 't Hooft coupling, including the leading string corrections to pure graviton exchange.
hep-th hep-ph
we analyze conformal field theory 4point functions of the form a o_1x_1 o_2x_2 o_1x_3 o_2x_4 where the operators o_i are scalar primaries we show that in the lorentzian regime the limit x_1 x_3 is dominated by the exchange of conformal partial waves of highest spin when partial waves of arbitrary spin contribute to a the behavior of the lorentzian amplitude for x_1 x_3 must be analyzed using complexspin techniques leading to a generalized regge theory for cfts whenever the cft is dual to a string theory the string treelevel contribution a_tree to the amplitude a presents a regge pole corresponding the a gravireggeon exchange in this case we apply the impact parameter representation for cft amplitudes previously developed to analyze multiple reggeon exchanges in the eikonal limit as an example we apply these general techniques to n4 superyangmills theory in d4 in the limit of large t hooft coupling including the leading string corrections to pure graviton exchange
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710.5481
Bose-Einstein condensates of atoms with arbitrary spin
We show that the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms with hyperfine spin f = 2 can be either spin aligned, condensed into pairs of atoms coupled to F = 0, or condensed into triplets of atoms coupled to F = 0. The complete phase diagram is constructed for f = 2 and the generic properties of the phase diagram are obtained for f > 2.
cond-mat.other
we show that the ground state of a boseeinstein condensate of atoms with hyperfine spin f 2 can be either spin aligned condensed into pairs of atoms coupled to f 0 or condensed into triplets of atoms coupled to f 0 the complete phase diagram is constructed for f 2 and the generic properties of the phase diagram are obtained for f 2
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710.5482
The Effects of Charged Charm Mesons on the Line Shapes of the X(3872)
The quantum numbers J^PC = 1++ of the X(3872) and the proximity of its mass to the D*0 anti-D0 threshold imply that it is either a loosely-bound hadronic molecule whose constituents are a superposition of D*0 anti-D0 and D0 anti-D*0 or it is a virtual state of charm mesons. The line shapes of the X(3872) can discriminate between these two possibilities. At energies within a few MeV of the D*0 anti-D0 threshold, the lines shapes of the X produced in B -> K transitions are determined by its binding energy and its width. Their normalizations are determined by a short-distance constant that is different for B+ -> K+ and B0 -> K0. At energies comparable to the 8 MeV splitting between the D*0 anti-D0 and D*+ D- thresholds, the charged meson channels D*+ D- and D+ D*- have a significant effect on the line shapes of the X. We calculate the line shapes taking into account the resonant coupling between the charged and neutral 1++ channels. The line shapes and their normalizations depend on one additional scattering parameter and two additional short-distance constants associated with the B -> K transitions. The line shapes of the X resonance depend on its decay channel; they are different for J/psi pi+ pi-, J/psi pi+ pi- pi0, and D0 anti-D0 pi0. The line shapes are also different for X produced in B+ decays and in B0 decays. Some conceptual errors in previous work on this problem are pointed out.
hep-ph
the quantum numbers jpc 1 of the x3872 and the proximity of its mass to the d0 antid0 threshold imply that it is either a looselybound hadronic molecule whose constituents are a superposition of d0 antid0 and d0 antid0 or it is a virtual state of charm mesons the line shapes of the x3872 can discriminate between these two possibilities at energies within a few mev of the d0 antid0 threshold the lines shapes of the x produced in b k transitions are determined by its binding energy and its width their normalizations are determined by a shortdistance constant that is different for b k and b0 k0 at energies comparable to the 8 mev splitting between the d0 antid0 and d d thresholds the charged meson channels d d and d d have a significant effect on the line shapes of the x we calculate the line shapes taking into account the resonant coupling between the charged and neutral 1 channels the line shapes and their normalizations depend on one additional scattering parameter and two additional shortdistance constants associated with the b k transitions the line shapes of the x resonance depend on its decay channel they are different for jpsi pi pi jpsi pi pi pi0 and d0 antid0 pi0 the line shapes are also different for x produced in b decays and in b0 decays some conceptual errors in previous work on this problem are pointed out
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710.5483
Holographic Entanglement Entropy at Finite Temperature
Using a holographic proposal for the entanglement entropy we study its behavior in various supergravity backgrounds. We are particularly interested in the possibility of using the entanglement entropy as way to detect transitions induced by the presence horizons. We consider several geometries with horizons: the black hole in $AdS_3$, nonextremal Dp-branes, dyonic black holes asymptotically to $AdS_4$ and also Schwarzschild black holes in global $AdS_p$ coordinates. Generically, we find that the entanglement entropy does not exhibit a transition, that is, one of the two possible configurations always dominates.
hep-th
using a holographic proposal for the entanglement entropy we study its behavior in various supergravity backgrounds we are particularly interested in the possibility of using the entanglement entropy as way to detect transitions induced by the presence horizons we consider several geometries with horizons the black hole in ads_3 nonextremal dpbranes dyonic black holes asymptotically to ads_4 and also schwarzschild black holes in global ads_p coordinates generically we find that the entanglement entropy does not exhibit a transition that is one of the two possible configurations always dominates
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710.5484
Exploring Exotic Superfluidity of Polarized Ultracold Fermions in Optical Lattices
We explore theoretically the novel superfluidity of harmonically-trapped polarized ultracold fermionic atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. The pairing amplitude is found to oscillate along the radial direction at low particle density and along the angular direction at high density. The former is consistent with the existing experiments and the latter is a newly predicted Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, which can be tested in experiments.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el quant-ph
we explore theoretically the novel superfluidity of harmonicallytrapped polarized ultracold fermionic atoms in a twodimensional 2d optical lattice by solving the bogoliubovde gennes equations the pairing amplitude is found to oscillate along the radial direction at low particle density and along the angular direction at high density the former is consistent with the existing experiments and the latter is a newly predicted fuldeferrelllarkinovchinnikov fflo state which can be tested in experiments
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710.5485
Mild Solutions for a Class of Fractional SPDEs and Their Sample Paths
In this article we introduce and analyze a notion of mild solution for a class of non-autonomous parabolic stochastic partial differential equations defined on a bounded open subset $D\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}$ and driven by an infinite-dimensional fractional noise. The noise is derived from an $L^{2}(D)$-valued fractional Wiener process $W^{H}$ whose covariance operator satisfies appropriate restrictions; moreover, the Hurst parameter $H$ is subjected to constraints formulated in terms of $d$ and the H\"{o}lder exponent of the derivative $h^\prime$ of the noise nonlinearity in the equations. We prove the existence of such solution, establish its relation with the variational solution introduced in \cite{nuavu} and also prove the H\"{o}lder continuity of its sample paths when we consider it as an $L^{2}(D)$--valued stochastic processes. When $h$ is an affine function, we also prove uniqueness. The proofs are based on a relation between the notions of mild and variational solution established in Sanz-Sol\'e and Vuillermot 2003, and adapted to our problem, and on a fine analysis of the singularities of Green's function associated with the class of parabolic problems we investigate. An immediate consequence of our results is the indistinguishability of mild and variational solutions in the case of uniqueness.
math.PR
in this article we introduce and analyze a notion of mild solution for a class of nonautonomous parabolic stochastic partial differential equations defined on a bounded open subset dsubsetmathbbrd and driven by an infinitedimensional fractional noise the noise is derived from an l2dvalued fractional wiener process wh whose covariance operator satisfies appropriate restrictions moreover the hurst parameter h is subjected to constraints formulated in terms of d and the holder exponent of the derivative hprime of the noise nonlinearity in the equations we prove the existence of such solution establish its relation with the variational solution introduced in citenuavu and also prove the holder continuity of its sample paths when we consider it as an l2dvalued stochastic processes when h is an affine function we also prove uniqueness the proofs are based on a relation between the notions of mild and variational solution established in sanzsole and vuillermot 2003 and adapted to our problem and on a fine analysis of the singularities of greens function associated with the class of parabolic problems we investigate an immediate consequence of our results is the indistinguishability of mild and variational solutions in the case of uniqueness
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710.5486
Double-detonation supernovae of sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs
In the "double-detonation sub-Chandrasekhar" model for type Ia supernovae, a carbon-oxygen (C + O) white dwarf accumulates sufficient amounts of helium such that a detonation ignites in that layer before the Chandrasekhar mass is reached. This detonation is thought to trigger a secondary detonation in the C + O core. By means of one- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the robustness of this explosion mechanism for generic 1-M_sun models and analyze its observable predictions. Also a resolution dependence in numerical simulations is analyzed. The propagation of thermonuclear detonation fronts, both in helium and in the carbon-oxygen mixture, is computed by means of both a level-set function and a simplified description for nuclear reactions. The decision whether a secondary detonation is triggered in the white dwarf's core or not is made based on criteria given in the literature. In a parameter study involving different initial flame geometries for He-shell masses of 0.2 and 0.1 M_sun, we find that a secondary detonation ignition is a very robust process. Converging shock waves originating from the detonation in the He shell generate the conditions for a detonation near the center of the white dwarf in most of the cases considered. Finally, we follow the complete evolution of three selected models with 0.2 M_sun of He through the C/O-detonation phase and obtain nickel-masses of about 0.40 to 0.45 M_sun. Although we have not done a complete scan of the possible parameter space, our results show that sub-Chandrasekhar models are not good candidates for normal or sub-luminous type Ia supernovae. The chemical composition of the ejecta features significant amounts of nickel in the outer layers at high expansion velocities, which is inconsistent with near-maximum spectra. (abbreviated)
astro-ph
in the doubledetonation subchandrasekhar model for type ia supernovae a carbonoxygen c o white dwarf accumulates sufficient amounts of helium such that a detonation ignites in that layer before the chandrasekhar mass is reached this detonation is thought to trigger a secondary detonation in the c o core by means of one and twodimensional hydrodynamic simulations we investigate the robustness of this explosion mechanism for generic 1m_sun models and analyze its observable predictions also a resolution dependence in numerical simulations is analyzed the propagation of thermonuclear detonation fronts both in helium and in the carbonoxygen mixture is computed by means of both a levelset function and a simplified description for nuclear reactions the decision whether a secondary detonation is triggered in the white dwarfs core or not is made based on criteria given in the literature in a parameter study involving different initial flame geometries for heshell masses of 02 and 01 m_sun we find that a secondary detonation ignition is a very robust process converging shock waves originating from the detonation in the he shell generate the conditions for a detonation near the center of the white dwarf in most of the cases considered finally we follow the complete evolution of three selected models with 02 m_sun of he through the codetonation phase and obtain nickelmasses of about 040 to 045 m_sun although we have not done a complete scan of the possible parameter space our results show that subchandrasekhar models are not good candidates for normal or subluminous type ia supernovae the chemical composition of the ejecta features significant amounts of nickel in the outer layers at high expansion velocities which is inconsistent with nearmaximum spectra abbreviated
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710.5487
Ricci Yang-Mills flow on surfaces
We study the behaviour of the Ricci Yang-Mills flow for U(1) bundles on surfaces. We show that existence for the flow reduces to a bound on the isoperimetric constant. In the presence of such a bound, we show that on $S^2$, if the bundle is nontrivial, the flow exists for all time. For higher genus surfaces the flow always exists for all time. The volume normalized flow always exists for all time and converges to a constant scalar curvature metric with the bundle curvature $F$ parallel. Finally, in an appendix we classify all gradient solitons of this flow on surfaces.
math.DG
we study the behaviour of the ricci yangmills flow for u1 bundles on surfaces we show that existence for the flow reduces to a bound on the isoperimetric constant in the presence of such a bound we show that on s2 if the bundle is nontrivial the flow exists for all time for higher genus surfaces the flow always exists for all time the volume normalized flow always exists for all time and converges to a constant scalar curvature metric with the bundle curvature f parallel finally in an appendix we classify all gradient solitons of this flow on surfaces
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710.5488
Spitzer, Near-Infrared, and Submillimeter Imaging of the Relatively Sparse Young Cluster, Lynds 988e
We present {\it Spitzer} images of the relatively sparse, low luminosity young cluster L988e, as well as complementary near-infrared (NIR) and submillimeter images of the region. The cluster is asymmetric, with the western region of the cluster embedded within the molecular cloud, and the slightly less dense eastern region to the east of, and on the edge of, the molecular cloud. With these data, as well as with extant H$\alpha$ data of stars primarily found in the eastern region of the cluster, and a molecular $^{13}$CO gas emission map of the entire region, we investigate the distribution of forming young stars with respect to the cloud material, concentrating particularly on the differences and similarities between the exposed and embedded regions of the cluster. We also compare star formation in this region to that in denser, more luminous and more massive clusters already investigated in our comprehensive multi-wavelength study of young clusters within 1 kpc of the Sun.
astro-ph
we present it spitzer images of the relatively sparse low luminosity young cluster l988e as well as complementary nearinfrared nir and submillimeter images of the region the cluster is asymmetric with the western region of the cluster embedded within the molecular cloud and the slightly less dense eastern region to the east of and on the edge of the molecular cloud with these data as well as with extant halpha data of stars primarily found in the eastern region of the cluster and a molecular 13co gas emission map of the entire region we investigate the distribution of forming young stars with respect to the cloud material concentrating particularly on the differences and similarities between the exposed and embedded regions of the cluster we also compare star formation in this region to that in denser more luminous and more massive clusters already investigated in our comprehensive multiwavelength study of young clusters within 1 kpc of the sun
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710.5489
Non-Markovian continuous quantum measurement of retarded observables
We reconsider the non-Markovian time-continuous measurement of a Heisenberg observable x and show for the first time that it can be realized by an infinite set of entangled von Neumann detectors. The concept of continuous read-out is introduced and used to re-derive the non-Markovian stochastic Schrodinger equation. We can prove that, contrary to recent doubts, the resulting non-Markovian quantum trajectories are true single system trajectories and correspond to the continuous measurement of a retarded functional of x. However, the generic non-Markovian trajectories are mixed state trajectories. This version merges an Erratum [PRL, in print] with my Letter [PRL 100, 080401 (2008)], some corrections follow directly from the recent criticism by Wiseman and Gambetta, further corrections restore the validity of my Letter. Contrary to my suggestion there, the given continuous measurement schemes cannot yield pure state trajectories but mixed-state ones. Yet, it is possible to retain my claim that the non-Markovian stochastic Schrodinger equation describes true time-continuous measurement - with delay and retrodiction.
quant-ph
we reconsider the nonmarkovian timecontinuous measurement of a heisenberg observable x and show for the first time that it can be realized by an infinite set of entangled von neumann detectors the concept of continuous readout is introduced and used to rederive the nonmarkovian stochastic schrodinger equation we can prove that contrary to recent doubts the resulting nonmarkovian quantum trajectories are true single system trajectories and correspond to the continuous measurement of a retarded functional of x however the generic nonmarkovian trajectories are mixed state trajectories this version merges an erratum prl in print with my letter prl 100 080401 2008 some corrections follow directly from the recent criticism by wiseman and gambetta further corrections restore the validity of my letter contrary to my suggestion there the given continuous measurement schemes cannot yield pure state trajectories but mixedstate ones yet it is possible to retain my claim that the nonmarkovian stochastic schrodinger equation describes true timecontinuous measurement with delay and retrodiction
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710.549
Supersymmetry versus black holes at the LHC
Supersymmetry and extra dimensions are the two most promising candidates for new physics at the TeV scale. Supersymmetric particles or extra-dimensional effects could soon be observed at the Large Hadron Collider. We propose a simple but powerful method to discriminate the two models: the analysis of isolated leptons with high transverse momentum. Black hole events are simulated with the CATFISH black hole generator. Supersymmetry simulations use a combination of PYTHIA and ISAJET, the latter providing the mass spectrum. Our results show the measure of the dilepton invariant mass provides a strong signature to differentiate supersymmetry and black hole events at the Large Hadron Collider. Analysis of event-shape variables and multilepton events complement and strengthen this conclusion.
hep-ph
supersymmetry and extra dimensions are the two most promising candidates for new physics at the tev scale supersymmetric particles or extradimensional effects could soon be observed at the large hadron collider we propose a simple but powerful method to discriminate the two models the analysis of isolated leptons with high transverse momentum black hole events are simulated with the catfish black hole generator supersymmetry simulations use a combination of pythia and isajet the latter providing the mass spectrum our results show the measure of the dilepton invariant mass provides a strong signature to differentiate supersymmetry and black hole events at the large hadron collider analysis of eventshape variables and multilepton events complement and strengthen this conclusion
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710.5491
Effects of the Regularization on the Restoration of Chiral and Axial Symmetries
The effects of a type of regularization for finite temperatures on the estoration of chiral and axial symmetries are investigated within the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The regularization consists in using an infinite cutoff in the integrals that are convergent at finite temperature, a procedure that allows one to take into account the effects of high momentum quarks at high temperatures. It is found that the critical temperature for the phase transition is closer to lattice results than the one obtained with the conventional regularization, and the restoration of chiral and axial symmetries, signaled by the behavior of several observables, occurs simultaneously and at a higher temperature. The restoration of the axial symmetry appears as a natural consequence of the full recovering of the chiral symmetry that was dynamically broken. By using an additional ansatz that simulates instanton suppression effects, by means of a convenient temperature dependence of the anomaly coefficient, we found that the restoration of U(2) symmetry is shifted to lower values, but the dominant effect at high temperatures comes from the new regularization that enhances the decrease of quark condensates, especially in the strange sector.
hep-ph
the effects of a type of regularization for finite temperatures on the estoration of chiral and axial symmetries are investigated within the su3 nambujonalasinio model the regularization consists in using an infinite cutoff in the integrals that are convergent at finite temperature a procedure that allows one to take into account the effects of high momentum quarks at high temperatures it is found that the critical temperature for the phase transition is closer to lattice results than the one obtained with the conventional regularization and the restoration of chiral and axial symmetries signaled by the behavior of several observables occurs simultaneously and at a higher temperature the restoration of the axial symmetry appears as a natural consequence of the full recovering of the chiral symmetry that was dynamically broken by using an additional ansatz that simulates instanton suppression effects by means of a convenient temperature dependence of the anomaly coefficient we found that the restoration of u2 symmetry is shifted to lower values but the dominant effect at high temperatures comes from the new regularization that enhances the decrease of quark condensates especially in the strange sector
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710.5492
Koszul Equivalences in $A_\infty$-Algebras
We prove a version of Koszul duality and the induced derived equivalence for Adams connected $A_\infty$-algebras that generalizes the classical Beilinson-Ginzburg-Soergel Koszul duality. As an immediate consequence, we give a version of the Bern\v{s}te{\u\i}n-Gel'fand-Gel'fand correspondence for Adams connected $A_\infty$-algebras. We give various applications. For example, a connected graded algebra $A$ is Artin-Schelter regular if and only if its Ext-algebra $\Ext^\ast_A(k,k)$ is Frobenius. This generalizes a result of Smith in the Koszul case. If $A$ is Koszul and if both $A$ and its Koszul dual $A^!$ are noetherian satisfying a polynomial identity, then $A$ is Gorenstein if and only if $A^!$ is. The last statement implies that a certain Calabi-Yau property is preserved under Koszul duality.
math.RA
we prove a version of koszul duality and the induced derived equivalence for adams connected a_inftyalgebras that generalizes the classical beilinsonginzburgsoergel koszul duality as an immediate consequence we give a version of the bernvsteuingelfandgelfand correspondence for adams connected a_inftyalgebras we give various applications for example a connected graded algebra a is artinschelter regular if and only if its extalgebra extast_akk is frobenius this generalizes a result of smith in the koszul case if a is koszul and if both a and its koszul dual a are noetherian satisfying a polynomial identity then a is gorenstein if and only if a is the last statement implies that a certain calabiyau property is preserved under koszul duality
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710.5493
Report on workshop A1: Exact solutions and their interpretation
I report on the communications and posters presented on exact solutions and their interpretation at the GRG18 Conference, Sydney.
gr-qc
i report on the communications and posters presented on exact solutions and their interpretation at the grg18 conference sydney
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710.5494
Transport Networks Revisited: Why Dual Graphs?
Deterministic equilibrium flows in transport networks can be investigated by means of Markov's processes defined on the dual graph representations of the network. Sustained movement patterns are generated by a subset of automorphisms of the graph spanning the spatial network of a city naturally interpreted as random walks. Random walks assign absolute scores to all nodes of a graph and embed space syntax into Euclidean space.
physics.soc-ph physics.data-an
deterministic equilibrium flows in transport networks can be investigated by means of markovs processes defined on the dual graph representations of the network sustained movement patterns are generated by a subset of automorphisms of the graph spanning the spatial network of a city naturally interpreted as random walks random walks assign absolute scores to all nodes of a graph and embed space syntax into euclidean space
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710.5495
Statistical Physics of Group Testing
This paper provides a short introduction to the group testing problem, and reviews various aspects of its statistical physics formulation. Two main issues are discussed: the optimal design of pools used in a two-stage testing experiment, like the one often used in medical or biological applications, and the inference problem of detecting defective items based on pool diagnosis. The paper is largely based on: M. M\'ezard and C. Toninelli, arXiv:0706.3104, and M. M\'ezard and M. Tarzia {\it Phys. Rev. E} {\bf 76}, 041124 (2007).
cond-mat.stat-mech
this paper provides a short introduction to the group testing problem and reviews various aspects of its statistical physics formulation two main issues are discussed the optimal design of pools used in a twostage testing experiment like the one often used in medical or biological applications and the inference problem of detecting defective items based on pool diagnosis the paper is largely based on m mezard and c toninelli arxiv07063104 and m mezard and m tarzia it phys rev e bf 76 041124 2007
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710.5496
Mesoscopic density-operator in a uniform magnetic field
A self-consistent linear-response theory for a two-lead mesoscopic structure in Landauer's viewpoint for transport is developed. A density operator relevant in this viewpoint, in a uniform magnetic field is derived. It is shown that this operator differs from the one given in Kubo's viewpoint by a term that represents the self-consistent effects. Hence, a special emphasis is devoted to the diagonal master equation where an exact solution is obtained in the framework of elastic scattering theory.
cond-mat.mes-hall
a selfconsistent linearresponse theory for a twolead mesoscopic structure in landauers viewpoint for transport is developed a density operator relevant in this viewpoint in a uniform magnetic field is derived it is shown that this operator differs from the one given in kubos viewpoint by a term that represents the selfconsistent effects hence a special emphasis is devoted to the diagonal master equation where an exact solution is obtained in the framework of elastic scattering theory
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710.5497
Multifractality in the Random Parameters Model
The Random Parameters model was proposed to explain the structure of the covariance matrix in problems where most, but not all, of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix can be explained by Random Matrix Theory. In this article, we explore other properties of the model, like the scaling of its PDF as one take larger scales. Special attention is given to the multifractal structure of the model time series, which revealed a scaling structure compatible with the known stylized facts for a reasonable choice of the parameter values.
q-fin.ST physics.soc-ph
the random parameters model was proposed to explain the structure of the covariance matrix in problems where most but not all of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix can be explained by random matrix theory in this article we explore other properties of the model like the scaling of its pdf as one take larger scales special attention is given to the multifractal structure of the model time series which revealed a scaling structure compatible with the known stylized facts for a reasonable choice of the parameter values
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710.5498
Debris disks around Sun-like stars
We have observed nearly 200 FGK stars at 24 and 70 microns with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We identify excess infrared emission, including a number of cases where the observed flux is more than 10 times brighter than the predicted photospheric flux, and interpret these signatures as evidence of debris disks in those systems. We combine this sample of FGK stars with similar published results to produce a sample of more than 350 main sequence AFGKM stars. The incidence of debris disks is 4.2% (+2.0/-1.1) at 24 microns for a sample of 213 Sun-like (FG) stars and 16.4% (+2.8/-2.9) at 70 microns for 225 Sun-like (FG) stars. We find that the excess rates for A, F, G, and K stars are statistically indistinguishable, but with a suggestion of decreasing excess rate toward the later spectral types; this may be an age effect. The lack of strong trend among FGK stars of comparable ages is surprising, given the factor of 50 change in stellar luminosity across this spectral range. We also find that the incidence of debris disks declines very slowly beyond ages of 1 billion years.
astro-ph
we have observed nearly 200 fgk stars at 24 and 70 microns with the spitzer space telescope we identify excess infrared emission including a number of cases where the observed flux is more than 10 times brighter than the predicted photospheric flux and interpret these signatures as evidence of debris disks in those systems we combine this sample of fgk stars with similar published results to produce a sample of more than 350 main sequence afgkm stars the incidence of debris disks is 42 2011 at 24 microns for a sample of 213 sunlike fg stars and 164 2829 at 70 microns for 225 sunlike fg stars we find that the excess rates for a f g and k stars are statistically indistinguishable but with a suggestion of decreasing excess rate toward the later spectral types this may be an age effect the lack of strong trend among fgk stars of comparable ages is surprising given the factor of 50 change in stellar luminosity across this spectral range we also find that the incidence of debris disks declines very slowly beyond ages of 1 billion years
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710.5499
Multiple scattering approach to low-energy electron collisions with the water dimer
Multiple scattering theory is applied to low-energy electron collisions with a complex target formed of two molecular scatterers. The total T-matrix is expressed in terms of the T-matrix for each isolated molecule. We apply the approach to elastic electron-(H2O)2 collisions. Following the method developed in our previous work on crystalline ice, we impose a cut-off on the dipole outside the R-matrix sphere and an energy dependent cut-off on the angular momentum components of the monomer T-matrix. An R-matrix calculation of electron-dimer collisions is performed in order to evaluate the accuracy of the multiple scattering approach. The agreement between the two calculations is very good.
physics.chem-ph physics.atm-clus physics.bio-ph
multiple scattering theory is applied to lowenergy electron collisions with a complex target formed of two molecular scatterers the total tmatrix is expressed in terms of the tmatrix for each isolated molecule we apply the approach to elastic electronh2o2 collisions following the method developed in our previous work on crystalline ice we impose a cutoff on the dipole outside the rmatrix sphere and an energy dependent cutoff on the angular momentum components of the monomer tmatrix an rmatrix calculation of electrondimer collisions is performed in order to evaluate the accuracy of the multiple scattering approach the agreement between the two calculations is very good
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710.55
Eigenvalue estimates for Schroedinger operators on metric trees
We consider Schroedinger operators on regular metric trees and prove Lieb-Thirring and Cwikel-Lieb-Rozenblum inequalities for their negative eigenvalues. The validity of these inequalities depends on the volume growth of the tree. We show that the bounds are valid in the endpoint case and reflect the correct order in the weak or strong coupling limit.
math.SP math-ph math.MP
we consider schroedinger operators on regular metric trees and prove liebthirring and cwikelliebrozenblum inequalities for their negative eigenvalues the validity of these inequalities depends on the volume growth of the tree we show that the bounds are valid in the endpoint case and reflect the correct order in the weak or strong coupling limit
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710.5501
Discriminated Belief Propagation
Near optimal decoding of good error control codes is generally a difficult task. However, for a certain type of (sufficiently) good codes an efficient decoding algorithm with near optimal performance exists. These codes are defined via a combination of constituent codes with low complexity trellis representations. Their decoding algorithm is an instance of (loopy) belief propagation and is based on an iterative transfer of constituent beliefs. The beliefs are thereby given by the symbol probabilities computed in the constituent trellises. Even though weak constituent codes are employed close to optimal performance is obtained, i.e., the encoder/decoder pair (almost) achieves the information theoretic capacity. However, (loopy) belief propagation only performs well for a rather specific set of codes, which limits its applicability. In this paper a generalisation of iterative decoding is presented. It is proposed to transfer more values than just the constituent beliefs. This is achieved by the transfer of beliefs obtained by independently investigating parts of the code space. This leads to the concept of discriminators, which are used to improve the decoder resolution within certain areas and defines discriminated symbol beliefs. It is shown that these beliefs approximate the overall symbol probabilities. This leads to an iteration rule that (below channel capacity) typically only admits the solution of the overall decoding problem. Via a Gauss approximation a low complexity version of this algorithm is derived. Moreover, the approach may then be applied to a wide range of channel maps without significant complexity increase.
cs.IT cs.AI math.IT
near optimal decoding of good error control codes is generally a difficult task however for a certain type of sufficiently good codes an efficient decoding algorithm with near optimal performance exists these codes are defined via a combination of constituent codes with low complexity trellis representations their decoding algorithm is an instance of loopy belief propagation and is based on an iterative transfer of constituent beliefs the beliefs are thereby given by the symbol probabilities computed in the constituent trellises even though weak constituent codes are employed close to optimal performance is obtained ie the encoderdecoder pair almost achieves the information theoretic capacity however loopy belief propagation only performs well for a rather specific set of codes which limits its applicability in this paper a generalisation of iterative decoding is presented it is proposed to transfer more values than just the constituent beliefs this is achieved by the transfer of beliefs obtained by independently investigating parts of the code space this leads to the concept of discriminators which are used to improve the decoder resolution within certain areas and defines discriminated symbol beliefs it is shown that these beliefs approximate the overall symbol probabilities this leads to an iteration rule that below channel capacity typically only admits the solution of the overall decoding problem via a gauss approximation a low complexity version of this algorithm is derived moreover the approach may then be applied to a wide range of channel maps without significant complexity increase
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710.5502
Piecewise adiabatic population transfer in a molecule via a wave packet
We propose a class of schemes for robust population transfer between quantum states that utilize trains of coherent pulses and represent a generalized adiabatic passage via a wave packet. We study piecewise Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage with pulse-to-pulse amplitude variation, and piecewise chirped Raman passage with pulse-to-pulse phase variation, implemented with an optical frequency comb. In the context of production of ultracold ground-state molecules, we show that with almost no knowledge of the excited potential, robust high-efficiency transfer is possible
quant-ph
we propose a class of schemes for robust population transfer between quantum states that utilize trains of coherent pulses and represent a generalized adiabatic passage via a wave packet we study piecewise stimulated raman adiabatic passage with pulsetopulse amplitude variation and piecewise chirped raman passage with pulsetopulse phase variation implemented with an optical frequency comb in the context of production of ultracold groundstate molecules we show that with almost no knowledge of the excited potential robust highefficiency transfer is possible
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710.5503
High-ionization mid-infrared lines as black hole mass and bolometric luminosity indicators in active galactic nuclei
We present relations of the black hole mass and the optical luminosity with the velocity dispersion and the luminosity of the [Ne V] and the [O IV] high-ionization lines in the mid-infrared (MIR) for 28 reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei. We used high-resolution Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph and Infrared Space Observatory Short Wavelength Spectrometer data to fit the profiles of these MIR emission lines that originate from the narrow-line region of the nucleus. We find that the lines are often resolved and that the velocity dispersion of [Ne V] and [O IV] follows a relation similar to that between the black hole mass and the bulge stellar velocity dispersion found for local galaxies. The luminosity of the [Ne V] and the [O IV] lines in these sources is correlated with that of the optical 5100A continuum and with the black hole mass. Our results provide a means to derive black hole properties in various types of active galactic nuclei, including highly obscured systems.
astro-ph
we present relations of the black hole mass and the optical luminosity with the velocity dispersion and the luminosity of the ne v and the o iv highionization lines in the midinfrared mir for 28 reverberationmapped active galactic nuclei we used highresolution spitzer infrared spectrograph and infrared space observatory short wavelength spectrometer data to fit the profiles of these mir emission lines that originate from the narrowline region of the nucleus we find that the lines are often resolved and that the velocity dispersion of ne v and o iv follows a relation similar to that between the black hole mass and the bulge stellar velocity dispersion found for local galaxies the luminosity of the ne v and the o iv lines in these sources is correlated with that of the optical 5100a continuum and with the black hole mass our results provide a means to derive black hole properties in various types of active galactic nuclei including highly obscured systems
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710.5504
Geometric derivation of quantum uncertainty
Quantum observables can be identified with vector fields on the sphere of normalized states. Consequently, the uncertainty relations for quantum observables become geometric statements. In the Letter the familiar uncertainty relation follows from the following stronger statement: Of all parallelograms with given sides the rectangle has the largest area.
quant-ph math-ph math.MP
quantum observables can be identified with vector fields on the sphere of normalized states consequently the uncertainty relations for quantum observables become geometric statements in the letter the familiar uncertainty relation follows from the following stronger statement of all parallelograms with given sides the rectangle has the largest area
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710.5505
Light-cone averages in a swiss-cheese universe
We analyze a toy swiss-cheese cosmological model to study the averaging problem. In our model, the cheese is the EdS model and the holes are constructed from a LTB solution. We study the propagation of photons in the swiss-cheese model, and find a phenomenological homogeneous model to describe observables. Following a fitting procedure based on light-cone averages, we find that the the expansion scalar is unaffected by the inhomogeneities. This is because of spherical symmetry. However, the light-cone average of the density as a function of redshift is affected by inhomogeneities. The effect arises because, as the universe evolves, a photon spends more and more time in the (large) voids than in the (thin) high-density structures. The phenomenological homogeneous model describing the light-cone average of the density is similar to the concordance model. Although the sole source in the swiss-cheese model is matter, the phenomenological homogeneous model behaves as if it has a dark-energy component. Finally, we study how the equation of state of the phenomenological model depends on the size of the inhomogeneities, and find that the equation-of-state parameters w_0 and w_a follow a power-law dependence with a scaling exponent equal to unity. That is, the equation of state depends linearly on the distance the photon travels through voids. We conclude that within our toy model, the holes must have a present size of about 250 Mpc to be able to mimic the concordance model.
astro-ph gr-qc
we analyze a toy swisscheese cosmological model to study the averaging problem in our model the cheese is the eds model and the holes are constructed from a ltb solution we study the propagation of photons in the swisscheese model and find a phenomenological homogeneous model to describe observables following a fitting procedure based on lightcone averages we find that the the expansion scalar is unaffected by the inhomogeneities this is because of spherical symmetry however the lightcone average of the density as a function of redshift is affected by inhomogeneities the effect arises because as the universe evolves a photon spends more and more time in the large voids than in the thin highdensity structures the phenomenological homogeneous model describing the lightcone average of the density is similar to the concordance model although the sole source in the swisscheese model is matter the phenomenological homogeneous model behaves as if it has a darkenergy component finally we study how the equation of state of the phenomenological model depends on the size of the inhomogeneities and find that the equationofstate parameters w_0 and w_a follow a powerlaw dependence with a scaling exponent equal to unity that is the equation of state depends linearly on the distance the photon travels through voids we conclude that within our toy model the holes must have a present size of about 250 mpc to be able to mimic the concordance model
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710.5506
An Atom Laser is not monochromatic
We study both numerically and analytically the possibility of using an adiabatic passage control method to construct a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in the time domain, in exact one-to-one correspondence with the traditional optical MZI that involves two beam splitters and two mirrors. The interference fringes one obtains from such a minimum-disturbance set up clearly demonstrates that, fundamentally, an atom laser is not monochromatic due to interatomic interactions. We also consider how the amount of entanglement in the system correlates to the interference fringes.
cond-mat.other quant-ph
we study both numerically and analytically the possibility of using an adiabatic passage control method to construct a machzehnder interferometer mzi for boseeinstein condensates becs in the time domain in exact onetoone correspondence with the traditional optical mzi that involves two beam splitters and two mirrors the interference fringes one obtains from such a minimumdisturbance set up clearly demonstrates that fundamentally an atom laser is not monochromatic due to interatomic interactions we also consider how the amount of entanglement in the system correlates to the interference fringes
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710.5507
Influence of static Jahn-Teller distortion on the magnetic excitation spectrum of PrO2: A synchrotron x-ray and neutron inelastic scattering study
A synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of the crystallographic structure of PrO2 in the Jahn-Teller distorted phase is reported. The distortion of the oxygen sublattice, which was previously ambiguous, is shown to be a chiral structure in which neighbouring oxygen chains have opposite chiralities. A temperature dependent study of the magnetic excitation spectrum, probed by neutron inelastic scattering, is also reported. Changes in the energies and relative intensities of the crystal field transitions provide an insight into the interplay between the static and dynamic Jahn-Teller effects.
cond-mat.str-el
a synchrotron xray diffraction study of the crystallographic structure of pro2 in the jahnteller distorted phase is reported the distortion of the oxygen sublattice which was previously ambiguous is shown to be a chiral structure in which neighbouring oxygen chains have opposite chiralities a temperature dependent study of the magnetic excitation spectrum probed by neutron inelastic scattering is also reported changes in the energies and relative intensities of the crystal field transitions provide an insight into the interplay between the static and dynamic jahnteller effects
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710.5508
Muon content of ultra-high-energy air showers: Yakutsk data versus simulations
We analyse a sample of 33 extensive air showers (EAS) with estimated primary energies above 2\cdot 10^{19} eV and high-quality muon data recorded by the Yakutsk EAS array. We compare, event-by-event, the observed muon density to that expected from CORSIKA simulations for primary protons and iron, using SIBYLL and EPOS hadronic interaction models. The study suggests the presence of two distinct hadronic components, ``light'' and ``heavy''. Simulations with EPOS are in a good agreement with the expected composition in which the light component corresponds to protons and the heavy component to iron-like nuclei. With SYBILL, simulated muon densities for iron primaries are a factor of \sim 1.5 less than those observed for the heavy component, for the same electromagnetic signal. Assuming two-component proton-iron composition and the EPOS model, the fraction of protons with energies E>10^{19} eV is 0.52^{+0.19}_{-0.20} at 95% confidence level.
astro-ph
we analyse a sample of 33 extensive air showers eas with estimated primary energies above 2cdot 1019 ev and highquality muon data recorded by the yakutsk eas array we compare eventbyevent the observed muon density to that expected from corsika simulations for primary protons and iron using sibyll and epos hadronic interaction models the study suggests the presence of two distinct hadronic components light and heavy simulations with epos are in a good agreement with the expected composition in which the light component corresponds to protons and the heavy component to ironlike nuclei with sybill simulated muon densities for iron primaries are a factor of sim 15 less than those observed for the heavy component for the same electromagnetic signal assuming twocomponent protoniron composition and the epos model the fraction of protons with energies e1019 ev is 052019_020 at 95 confidence level
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710.5509
Fingerprinting Soft Materials: A Framework for Characterizing Nonlinear Viscoelasticity
We introduce a comprehensive scheme to physically quantify both viscous and elastic rheological nonlinearities simultaneously, using an imposed large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) strain. The new framework naturally lends a physical interpretation to commonly reported Fourier coefficients of the nonlinear stress response. Additionally, we address the ambiguities inherent in the standard definitions of viscoelastic moduli when extended into the nonlinear regime, and define new measures which reveal behavior that is obscured by conventional techniques.
cond-mat.soft
we introduce a comprehensive scheme to physically quantify both viscous and elastic rheological nonlinearities simultaneously using an imposed large amplitude oscillatory shear laos strain the new framework naturally lends a physical interpretation to commonly reported fourier coefficients of the nonlinear stress response additionally we address the ambiguities inherent in the standard definitions of viscoelastic moduli when extended into the nonlinear regime and define new measures which reveal behavior that is obscured by conventional techniques
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710.551
Renormalization of the one-loop theory of fluctuations in polymer blends and diblock copolymer melts
Attempts to use coarse-grained molecular theories to calculate corrections to the random-phase approximation (RPA) for correlations in polymer mixtures have been plagued by an unwanted sensitivity to the value of an arbitrary cutoff length, {\it i.e.}, by an ultraviolet (UV) divergence. We analyze the UV divergence of the inverse structure factor $S^{-1}(k)$ predicted by a `one-loop' approximation similar to that used in several previous studies. We consider both miscible homopolymer blends and disordered diblock copolymer melts. We show, in both cases, that all UV divergent contributions can be absorbed into a renormalization of the values of the phenomenological parameters of a generalized self-consistent field theory (SCFT). This observation allows the construction of a UV convergent theory of corrections to SCFT phenomenology. The UV-divergent one-loop contribution to $S^{-1}(k)$ are shown to be the sum of: (i) a $k$-independent contribution that arises from a renormalization of the effective $\chi$ parameter, (ii) a $k$-dependent contribution that arises from a renormalization of monomer statistical segment lengths, (iii) a contribution proportional to $k^{2}$ that arises from a square-gradient contribution to the one-loop fluctuation free energy, and (iv) a $k$-dependent contribution that is inversely proportional to the degree of polymerization, which arises from local perturbations in fluid structure near chain ends and near junctions between blocks in block copolymers.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
attempts to use coarsegrained molecular theories to calculate corrections to the randomphase approximation rpa for correlations in polymer mixtures have been plagued by an unwanted sensitivity to the value of an arbitrary cutoff length it ie by an ultraviolet uv divergence we analyze the uv divergence of the inverse structure factor s1k predicted by a oneloop approximation similar to that used in several previous studies we consider both miscible homopolymer blends and disordered diblock copolymer melts we show in both cases that all uv divergent contributions can be absorbed into a renormalization of the values of the phenomenological parameters of a generalized selfconsistent field theory scft this observation allows the construction of a uv convergent theory of corrections to scft phenomenology the uvdivergent oneloop contribution to s1k are shown to be the sum of i a kindependent contribution that arises from a renormalization of the effective chi parameter ii a kdependent contribution that arises from a renormalization of monomer statistical segment lengths iii a contribution proportional to k2 that arises from a squaregradient contribution to the oneloop fluctuation free energy and iv a kdependent contribution that is inversely proportional to the degree of polymerization which arises from local perturbations in fluid structure near chain ends and near junctions between blocks in block copolymers
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710.5511
GHOSTS | Bulges, Halos, and the Resolved Stellar Outskirts of Massive Disk Galaxies
In hierarchical galaxy formation the stellar halos of galaxies are formed by the accretion of minor satellites and therefore contain valuable information about the (early) assembly process of galaxies. Our GHOSTS survey measures the stellar envelope properties of 14 nearby disk galaxies by imaging their resolved stellar populations with HST/ACS&WFPC2. Most of the massive galaxies in the sample (Vrot>200 km/s) have very extended stellar envelopes with mu(r) ~ r^{-2.5} power law profiles in the outer regions. For these massive galaxies there is some evidence that the stellar surface density of the profiles correlates with Hubble type and bulge-to-disk ratio, begging the question whether these envelopes are more related to bulges than to a Milky Way-type stellar halo. Smaller galaxies (Vrot 100 km/s) have much smaller stellar envelopes, but depending on geometry, they could still be more luminous than expected from satellite remnants in hierarchical galaxy formation models. Alternatively, they could be created by disk heating through the bombardment of small dark matter sub-halos. We find that galaxies show varying amounts of halo substructure.
astro-ph
in hierarchical galaxy formation the stellar halos of galaxies are formed by the accretion of minor satellites and therefore contain valuable information about the early assembly process of galaxies our ghosts survey measures the stellar envelope properties of 14 nearby disk galaxies by imaging their resolved stellar populations with hstacswfpc2 most of the massive galaxies in the sample vrot200 kms have very extended stellar envelopes with mur r25 power law profiles in the outer regions for these massive galaxies there is some evidence that the stellar surface density of the profiles correlates with hubble type and bulgetodisk ratio begging the question whether these envelopes are more related to bulges than to a milky waytype stellar halo smaller galaxies vrot 100 kms have much smaller stellar envelopes but depending on geometry they could still be more luminous than expected from satellite remnants in hierarchical galaxy formation models alternatively they could be created by disk heating through the bombardment of small dark matter subhalos we find that galaxies show varying amounts of halo substructure
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710.5512
Risk Minimization and Optimal Derivative Design in a Principal Agent Game
We consider the problem of Adverse Selection and optimal derivative design within a Principal-Agent framework. The principal's income is exposed to non-hedgeable risk factors arising, for instance, from weather or climate phenomena. She evaluates her risk using a coherent and law invariant risk measure and tries minimize her exposure by selling derivative securities on her income to individual agents. The agents have mean-variance preferences with heterogeneous risk aversion coefficients. An agent's degree of risk aversion is private information and hidden to the principal who only knows the overall distribution. We show that the principal's risk minimization problem has a solution and illustrate the effects of risk transfer on her income by means of two specific examples. Our model extends earlier work of Barrieu and El Karoui (2005) and Carlier, Ekeland and Touzi (2007).
cs.CE
we consider the problem of adverse selection and optimal derivative design within a principalagent framework the principals income is exposed to nonhedgeable risk factors arising for instance from weather or climate phenomena she evaluates her risk using a coherent and law invariant risk measure and tries minimize her exposure by selling derivative securities on her income to individual agents the agents have meanvariance preferences with heterogeneous risk aversion coefficients an agents degree of risk aversion is private information and hidden to the principal who only knows the overall distribution we show that the principals risk minimization problem has a solution and illustrate the effects of risk transfer on her income by means of two specific examples our model extends earlier work of barrieu and el karoui 2005 and carlier ekeland and touzi 2007
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710.5513
Chandra X-ray Observations of the 0.6 < z < 1.1 Red-Sequence Cluster Survey Sample
We present the results of Chandra observations of 13 optically-selected clusters with 0.6<z< 1.1, discovered via the Red-sequence Cluster Survey (RCS). All but one are detected at S/N>3; though 3 were not observed long enough to support detailed analysis. Surface brightness profiles are fit to beta-models. Integrated spectra are extracted within R(2500), and Tx and Lx information is obtained. We derive gas and total masses within R(2500) and R(500). Cosmologically corrected scaling relations are investigated, and we find the RCS clusters to be consistent with self-similar scaling expectations. However discrepancies exist between the RCS sample and lower-z X-ray selected samples for relationships involving Lx, with the higher-z RCS clusters having lower Lx for a given Tx. In addition, we find that gas mass fractions within R(2500) for the high-z RCS sample are lower than expected by a factor of ~2. This suggests that the central entropy of these high-z objects has been elevated by processes such as pre-heating, mergers, and/or AGN outbursts, that their gas is still infalling, or that they contain comparatively more baryonic matter in the form of stars. Finally, relationships between red-sequence optical richness (Bgc) and X-ray properties are fit to the data. For systems with measured Tx, we find that optical richness correlates with both Tx and mass, having a scatter of ~30% with mass for both X-ray and optically-selected clusters. However we also find that X-ray luminosity is not well correlated with richness, and that several of our sample appear to be significantly X-ray faint.
astro-ph
we present the results of chandra observations of 13 opticallyselected clusters with 06z 11 discovered via the redsequence cluster survey rcs all but one are detected at sn3 though 3 were not observed long enough to support detailed analysis surface brightness profiles are fit to betamodels integrated spectra are extracted within r2500 and tx and lx information is obtained we derive gas and total masses within r2500 and r500 cosmologically corrected scaling relations are investigated and we find the rcs clusters to be consistent with selfsimilar scaling expectations however discrepancies exist between the rcs sample and lowerz xray selected samples for relationships involving lx with the higherz rcs clusters having lower lx for a given tx in addition we find that gas mass fractions within r2500 for the highz rcs sample are lower than expected by a factor of 2 this suggests that the central entropy of these highz objects has been elevated by processes such as preheating mergers andor agn outbursts that their gas is still infalling or that they contain comparatively more baryonic matter in the form of stars finally relationships between redsequence optical richness bgc and xray properties are fit to the data for systems with measured tx we find that optical richness correlates with both tx and mass having a scatter of 30 with mass for both xray and opticallyselected clusters however we also find that xray luminosity is not well correlated with richness and that several of our sample appear to be significantly xray faint
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710.5514
Dust Properties and Star-Formation Rates in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies
We have used the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the dust properties of a sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies. The differences in the mid-infrared spectral energy distributions for these galaxies which, in general, are low metallicity systems, indicate differences in the physical properties, heating, and/or distribution of the dust. Specifically, these galaxies have more hot dust and/or very small grains and less PAH emission than either spiral or higher luminosity starburst galaxies. As has been shown in previous studies, there is a gradual decrease in PAH emission as a function of metallicity. Because much of the energy from star formation in galaxies is re-radiated in the mid-infrared, star-formation rate indicators based on both line and continuum measurements in this wavelength range are coming into more common usage. We show that the variations in the interstellar medium properties of galaxies in our sample, as measured in the mid-infrared, result in over an order of magnitude spread in the computed star-formation rates.
astro-ph
we have used the spitzer space telescope to study the dust properties of a sample of starforming dwarf galaxies the differences in the midinfrared spectral energy distributions for these galaxies which in general are low metallicity systems indicate differences in the physical properties heating andor distribution of the dust specifically these galaxies have more hot dust andor very small grains and less pah emission than either spiral or higher luminosity starburst galaxies as has been shown in previous studies there is a gradual decrease in pah emission as a function of metallicity because much of the energy from star formation in galaxies is reradiated in the midinfrared starformation rate indicators based on both line and continuum measurements in this wavelength range are coming into more common usage we show that the variations in the interstellar medium properties of galaxies in our sample as measured in the midinfrared result in over an order of magnitude spread in the computed starformation rates
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710.5515
Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
Electrically charged particles, such as the electron, are ubiquitous. By contrast, no elementary particles with a net magnetic charge have ever been observed, despite intensive and prolonged searches. We pursue an alternative strategy, namely that of realising them not as elementary but rather as emergent particles, i.e., as manifestations of the correlations present in a strongly interacting many-body system. The most prominent examples of emergent quasiparticles are the ones with fractional electric charge e/3 in quantum Hall physics. Here we show that magnetic monopoles do emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice: the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles. This enables us to account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field, which is a liquid-gas transition of the magnetic monopoles. These monopoles can also be detected by other means, e.g., in an experiment modelled after the celebrated Stanford magnetic monopole search.
cond-mat.str-el hep-th
electrically charged particles such as the electron are ubiquitous by contrast no elementary particles with a net magnetic charge have ever been observed despite intensive and prolonged searches we pursue an alternative strategy namely that of realising them not as elementary but rather as emergent particles ie as manifestations of the correlations present in a strongly interacting manybody system the most prominent examples of emergent quasiparticles are the ones with fractional electric charge e3 in quantum hall physics here we show that magnetic monopoles do emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles this enables us to account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field which is a liquidgas transition of the magnetic monopoles these monopoles can also be detected by other means eg in an experiment modelled after the celebrated stanford magnetic monopole search
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710.5516
Looking for rational curves on cubic hypersurfaces
These are the substantially expanded notes of the lectures of JK at the summer school "Higher-Dimensional Geometry over Finite Fields" in G\"ottingen, June 2007. The first part gives an overview of the methods. The main new result is the construction of rational curves passing through a given collection of points on smooth cubic hypersurfaces over finite fields.
math.AG math.NT
these are the substantially expanded notes of the lectures of jk at the summer school higherdimensional geometry over finite fields in gottingen june 2007 the first part gives an overview of the methods the main new result is the construction of rational curves passing through a given collection of points on smooth cubic hypersurfaces over finite fields
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710.5517
Relativistic dark matter at the Galactic center
In a large region of the supersymmetry parameter space, the annihilation cross section for neutralino dark matter is strongly dependent on the relative velocity of the incoming particles. We explore the consequences of this velocity dependence in the context of indirect detection of dark matter from the galactic center. We find that the increase in the annihilation cross section at high velocities leads to a flattening of the halo density profile near the galactic center and an enhancement of the annihilation signal.
astro-ph hep-ph
in a large region of the supersymmetry parameter space the annihilation cross section for neutralino dark matter is strongly dependent on the relative velocity of the incoming particles we explore the consequences of this velocity dependence in the context of indirect detection of dark matter from the galactic center we find that the increase in the annihilation cross section at high velocities leads to a flattening of the halo density profile near the galactic center and an enhancement of the annihilation signal
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710.5518
Metric properties of the braided Thompson's groups
Braided Thompson's groups are finitely presented groups introduced by Brin and Dehornoy which contain the ordinary braid groups $B_n$, the finitary braid group $B_{\infty}$ and Thompson's group $F$ as subgroups. We describe some of the metric properties of braided Thompson's groups and give upper and lower bounds for word length in terms of the number of strands and the number of crossings in the diagrams used to represent elements.
math.GR
braided thompsons groups are finitely presented groups introduced by brin and dehornoy which contain the ordinary braid groups b_n the finitary braid group b_infty and thompsons group f as subgroups we describe some of the metric properties of braided thompsons groups and give upper and lower bounds for word length in terms of the number of strands and the number of crossings in the diagrams used to represent elements
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710.5519
On the Geometry of Metastable Supersymmetry Breaking
We give a concise geometric recipe for constructing D-brane gauge theories that exhibit metastable SUSY breaking. We present two simple examples in terms of branes at deformed CY singularities.
hep-th
we give a concise geometric recipe for constructing dbrane gauge theories that exhibit metastable susy breaking we present two simple examples in terms of branes at deformed cy singularities
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710.552
The virialized mass of dark matter haloes
(Abridged) Virial mass is used as an estimator for the mass of a dark matter halo. However, the commonly used constant overdensity criterion does not reflect the dynamical structure of haloes. Here we analyze dark matter cosmological simulations in order to obtain properties of haloes of different masses focusing on the size of the region with zero mean radial velocity. Dark matter inside this region is stationary, and thus the mass of this region is a much better approximation for the virial mass. We call this mass the static mass to distinguish from the commonly used constant overdensity mass. We also study the relation of this static mass with the traditional virial mass, and we find that the matter inside galaxy-size haloes is underestimated by the virial mass by nearly a factor of two. At redshift zero the virial mass is close to the static mass for cluster-size haloes. The same pattern - large haloes having M_vir > M_static - exists at all redshifts, but the transition mass M_0 = M_vir = M_static decreases dramatically with increasing redshift. When rescaled to the same M_0 haloes clearly demonstrate a self-similar behaviour, which in a statistical sense gives a relation between the static and virial mass. To our surprise we find that the abundance of haloes with a given static mass, i.e. the static mass function, is very accurately fitted by the Press & Schechter approximation at z=0, but this approximation breaks at higher redshifts. Instead, the virial mass function is well fitted as usual by the Sheth & Tormen approximation. We find an explanation why the static radius can be 2-3 times larger as compared with the constant overdensity estimate. Applying the non-stationary Jeans equation we find that the role of the pressure gradients is significantly larger for small haloes.
astro-ph
abridged virial mass is used as an estimator for the mass of a dark matter halo however the commonly used constant overdensity criterion does not reflect the dynamical structure of haloes here we analyze dark matter cosmological simulations in order to obtain properties of haloes of different masses focusing on the size of the region with zero mean radial velocity dark matter inside this region is stationary and thus the mass of this region is a much better approximation for the virial mass we call this mass the static mass to distinguish from the commonly used constant overdensity mass we also study the relation of this static mass with the traditional virial mass and we find that the matter inside galaxysize haloes is underestimated by the virial mass by nearly a factor of two at redshift zero the virial mass is close to the static mass for clustersize haloes the same pattern large haloes having m_vir m_static exists at all redshifts but the transition mass m_0 m_vir m_static decreases dramatically with increasing redshift when rescaled to the same m_0 haloes clearly demonstrate a selfsimilar behaviour which in a statistical sense gives a relation between the static and virial mass to our surprise we find that the abundance of haloes with a given static mass ie the static mass function is very accurately fitted by the press schechter approximation at z0 but this approximation breaks at higher redshifts instead the virial mass function is well fitted as usual by the sheth tormen approximation we find an explanation why the static radius can be 23 times larger as compared with the constant overdensity estimate applying the nonstationary jeans equation we find that the role of the pressure gradients is significantly larger for small haloes
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710.5521
Buoyancy Instabilities in Weakly Magnetized Low Collisionality Plasmas
I calculate the linear stability of a stratified low collisionality plasma in the presence of a weak magnetic field. Heat is assumed to flow only along magnetic field lines. In the absence of a heat flux in the background plasma, Balbus (2000) demonstrated that plasmas in which the temperature increases in the direction of gravity are buoyantly unstable to convective-like motions (the ``magnetothermal instability''). I show that in the presence of a background heat flux, an analogous instability is present when the temperature decreases in the direction of gravity. The instability is driven by the background heat flux and the fastest growing mode has a growth time of order the local dynamical time. Thus, independent of the sign of the temperature gradient, weakly magnetized low collisionality plasmas are unstable on a dynamical time to magnetically-mediated buoyancy instabilities. The instability described in this paper is predicted to be present in clusters of galaxies at radii from ~ 0.1-100 kpc, where the observed temperature increases outwards. Possible consequences for the origin of cluster magnetic fields, ``cooling flows,'' and the thermodynamics of the intercluster medium are briefly discussed.
astro-ph
i calculate the linear stability of a stratified low collisionality plasma in the presence of a weak magnetic field heat is assumed to flow only along magnetic field lines in the absence of a heat flux in the background plasma balbus 2000 demonstrated that plasmas in which the temperature increases in the direction of gravity are buoyantly unstable to convectivelike motions the magnetothermal instability i show that in the presence of a background heat flux an analogous instability is present when the temperature decreases in the direction of gravity the instability is driven by the background heat flux and the fastest growing mode has a growth time of order the local dynamical time thus independent of the sign of the temperature gradient weakly magnetized low collisionality plasmas are unstable on a dynamical time to magneticallymediated buoyancy instabilities the instability described in this paper is predicted to be present in clusters of galaxies at radii from 01100 kpc where the observed temperature increases outwards possible consequences for the origin of cluster magnetic fields cooling flows and the thermodynamics of the intercluster medium are briefly discussed
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710.5522
Algebraic series and valuation rings over nonclosed fields
Suppose that $k$ is an arbitrary field. Consider the field $k((x_1,...,x_n))$, which is the quotient field of the ring $k[[x_1,...,x_n]]$ of formal power series in the variables $x_1,...,x_n$, with coefficients in $k$. Suppose that $\sigma$ is a formal power series in $x_1,...,x_n$ with coefficints in the algebraic closure of $k$. We give a very simple necessary and sufficient condition for $\sigma$ to be algebraic over $k((x_1,...,x_n))$. As an application of our methods, we give a characterization of valuation rings $V$ which dominate an excellent, Noetherian local domain $R$ of dimension two, and such that the rank increases after passing to the completion of a birational extension of $R$.
math.AC math.AG
suppose that k is an arbitrary field consider the field kx_1x_n which is the quotient field of the ring kx_1x_n of formal power series in the variables x_1x_n with coefficients in k suppose that sigma is a formal power series in x_1x_n with coefficints in the algebraic closure of k we give a very simple necessary and sufficient condition for sigma to be algebraic over kx_1x_n as an application of our methods we give a characterization of valuation rings v which dominate an excellent noetherian local domain r of dimension two and such that the rank increases after passing to the completion of a birational extension of r
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710.5523
Beyond Inside-Out Growth: Formation and Evolution of Disk Outskirts
We have performed a high mass and force resolution simulation of an idealized galaxy forming from dissipational collapse of gas embedded in a spherical dark matter halo. The simulation includes star formation and effects of stellar feedback. In our simulation a stellar disk forms with a surface density profile consisting of an inner exponential breaking to a steeper outer exponential. The break forms early on and persists throughout the evolution, moving outward as more gas is able to cool and add mass to the disk. The parameters of the break are in excellent agreement with observations. The break corresponds with a rapid drop in the star formation rate associated with a drop in the cooled gas surface density, but the outer exponential is populated by stars that were scattered outward on nearly circular orbits from the inner disk by spiral arms. The resulting profile and its associated break are therefore a consequence of the interplay between a radial star formation cutoff and redistribution of stellar mass by secular processes. A consequence of such evolution is a sharp change in the radial mean stellar age profile at the break radius.
astro-ph
we have performed a high mass and force resolution simulation of an idealized galaxy forming from dissipational collapse of gas embedded in a spherical dark matter halo the simulation includes star formation and effects of stellar feedback in our simulation a stellar disk forms with a surface density profile consisting of an inner exponential breaking to a steeper outer exponential the break forms early on and persists throughout the evolution moving outward as more gas is able to cool and add mass to the disk the parameters of the break are in excellent agreement with observations the break corresponds with a rapid drop in the star formation rate associated with a drop in the cooled gas surface density but the outer exponential is populated by stars that were scattered outward on nearly circular orbits from the inner disk by spiral arms the resulting profile and its associated break are therefore a consequence of the interplay between a radial star formation cutoff and redistribution of stellar mass by secular processes a consequence of such evolution is a sharp change in the radial mean stellar age profile at the break radius
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710.5524
Curvaton field and intermediate inflationary universe model
The curvaton in an intermediate inflationary universe model is studied. This study has allowed us to find some interesting constraints on different parameters that appear in the model.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
the curvaton in an intermediate inflationary universe model is studied this study has allowed us to find some interesting constraints on different parameters that appear in the model
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710.5525
Constraining neutrino masses with the ISW-galaxy correlation function
Temperature anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) are affected by the late Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (lISW) effect caused by any time-variation of the gravitational potential on linear scales. Dark energy is not the only source of lISW, since massive neutrinos induce a small decay of the potential on small scales during both matter and dark energy domination. In this work, we study the prospect of using the cross-correlation between CMB and galaxy density maps as a tool for constraining the neutrino mass. On the one hand massive neutrinos reduce the cross-correlation spectrum because free-streaming slows down structure formation; on the other hand, they enhance it through their change in the effective linear growth. We show that in the observable range of scales and redshifts, the first effect dominates, but the second one is not negligible. We carry out an error forecast analysis by fitting some mock data inspired by the Planck satellite, Dark Energy Survey (DES) and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The inclusion of the cross-correlation data from Planck and LSST increases the sensitivity to the neutrino mass m_nu by 38% (and to the dark energy equation of state w by 83%) with respect to Planck alone. The correlation between Planck and DES brings a far less significant improvement. This method is not potentially as good for detecting m_nu as the measurement of galaxy, cluster or cosmic shear power spectra, but since it is independent and affected by different systematics, it remains potentially interesting if the total neutrino mass is of the order of 0.2 eV; if instead it is close to the lower bound from atmospheric oscillations, m_nu ~ 0.05 eV, we do not expect the ISW-galaxy correlation to be ever sensitive to m_nu.
astro-ph hep-ph
temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background cmb are affected by the late integrated sachswolfe lisw effect caused by any timevariation of the gravitational potential on linear scales dark energy is not the only source of lisw since massive neutrinos induce a small decay of the potential on small scales during both matter and dark energy domination in this work we study the prospect of using the crosscorrelation between cmb and galaxy density maps as a tool for constraining the neutrino mass on the one hand massive neutrinos reduce the crosscorrelation spectrum because freestreaming slows down structure formation on the other hand they enhance it through their change in the effective linear growth we show that in the observable range of scales and redshifts the first effect dominates but the second one is not negligible we carry out an error forecast analysis by fitting some mock data inspired by the planck satellite dark energy survey des and large synoptic survey telescope lsst the inclusion of the crosscorrelation data from planck and lsst increases the sensitivity to the neutrino mass m_nu by 38 and to the dark energy equation of state w by 83 with respect to planck alone the correlation between planck and des brings a far less significant improvement this method is not potentially as good for detecting m_nu as the measurement of galaxy cluster or cosmic shear power spectra but since it is independent and affected by different systematics it remains potentially interesting if the total neutrino mass is of the order of 02 ev if instead it is close to the lower bound from atmospheric oscillations m_nu 005 ev we do not expect the iswgalaxy correlation to be ever sensitive to m_nu
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710.5526
Six New Galactic Orbits of Globular Clusters in a Milky-Way-Like Galaxy
Absolute proper motions for six new globular clusters have recently been determined. This motivated us to obtain the Galactic orbits of these six clusters both in an axisymmetric Galactic potential and in a barred potential, such as the one of our Galaxy. Orbits are also obtained for a Galactic potential that includes spiral arms. The orbital characteristics are compared and discussed for these three cases. Tidal radii and destruction rates are also computed and discussed.
astro-ph
absolute proper motions for six new globular clusters have recently been determined this motivated us to obtain the galactic orbits of these six clusters both in an axisymmetric galactic potential and in a barred potential such as the one of our galaxy orbits are also obtained for a galactic potential that includes spiral arms the orbital characteristics are compared and discussed for these three cases tidal radii and destruction rates are also computed and discussed
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710.5527
Notes on formal smoothness
The definition of an S-category is proposed by weakening the axioms of a Q-category introduced by Kontsevich and Rosenberg. Examples of Q- and S-categories and (co)smooth objects in such categories are given.
math.RA math.QA
the definition of an scategory is proposed by weakening the axioms of a qcategory introduced by kontsevich and rosenberg examples of q and scategories and cosmooth objects in such categories are given
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710.5528
Massive Vector Scattering in Lee-Wick Gauge Theory
We demonstrate that amplitudes describing scattering of longitudinally polarized massive vector bosons present in non-Abelian Lee-Wick gauge theory do not grow with energy and, hence, satisfy the constraints imposed by perturbative unitarity. This result contrasts with the widely-known violation of perturbative unitarity in the standard model with a very heavy Higgs. Our conclusions are valid to all orders of perturbation theory and depend on the existence of a formulation of the theory in which all operators are of dimension four or less. This can be thought of as a restriction on the kinds of higher dimension operator which can be included in the higher derivative formulation of the theory.
hep-ph hep-th
we demonstrate that amplitudes describing scattering of longitudinally polarized massive vector bosons present in nonabelian leewick gauge theory do not grow with energy and hence satisfy the constraints imposed by perturbative unitarity this result contrasts with the widelyknown violation of perturbative unitarity in the standard model with a very heavy higgs our conclusions are valid to all orders of perturbation theory and depend on the existence of a formulation of the theory in which all operators are of dimension four or less this can be thought of as a restriction on the kinds of higher dimension operator which can be included in the higher derivative formulation of the theory
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710.5529
A New Approach to the Study of Stellar Populations in Early-Type Galaxies: K-band Spectral Indices and an Application to the Fornax Cluster
New measurements of K-band spectral features are presented for eleven early-type galaxies in the nearby Fornax galaxy cluster. Based on these measurements, the following conclusions have been reached: (1) in galaxies with no signatures of a young stellar component, the K-band Na I index is highly correlated with both the optical metallicity indicator [MgFe]' and central velocity dispersion; (2) in the same galaxies, the K-band Fe features saturate in galaxies with sigma > 150 km/s while Na I (and [MgFe]') continues to increase; (3) [Si/Fe] (and possibly [Na/Fe]) is larger in all observed Fornax galaxies than in Galactic open clusters with near-solar metallicity; (4) in various near-IR diagnostic diagrams, galaxies with signatures of a young stellar component (strong Hbeta, weak [MgFe]') are clearly separated from galaxies with purely old stellar populations; furthermore, this separation is consistent with the presence of an increased number of M-giant stars (most likely to be thermally pulsating AGB stars); (5) the near-IR diagrams discussed here seem as efficient for detecting putatively young stellar components in early-type galaxies as the more commonly used age/metallicity diagnostic plots using optical indices (e.g Hbeta vs. [MgFe]').
astro-ph
new measurements of kband spectral features are presented for eleven earlytype galaxies in the nearby fornax galaxy cluster based on these measurements the following conclusions have been reached 1 in galaxies with no signatures of a young stellar component the kband na i index is highly correlated with both the optical metallicity indicator mgfe and central velocity dispersion 2 in the same galaxies the kband fe features saturate in galaxies with sigma 150 kms while na i and mgfe continues to increase 3 sife and possibly nafe is larger in all observed fornax galaxies than in galactic open clusters with nearsolar metallicity 4 in various nearir diagnostic diagrams galaxies with signatures of a young stellar component strong hbeta weak mgfe are clearly separated from galaxies with purely old stellar populations furthermore this separation is consistent with the presence of an increased number of mgiant stars most likely to be thermally pulsating agb stars 5 the nearir diagrams discussed here seem as efficient for detecting putatively young stellar components in earlytype galaxies as the more commonly used agemetallicity diagnostic plots using optical indices eg hbeta vs mgfe
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710.553
D-branes on AdS flux compactifications
We study D-branes in N=1 flux compactifications to AdS_4. We derive their supersymmetry conditions and express them in terms of background generalized calibrations. Basically because AdS has a boundary, the analysis of stability is more subtle and qualitatively different from the usual case of Minkowski compactifications. For instance, stable D-branes filling AdS_4 may wrap trivial internal cycles. Our analysis gives a geometric realization of the four-dimensional field theory approach of Freedman and collaborators. Furthermore, the one-to-one correspondence between the supersymmetry conditions of the background and the existence of generalized calibrations for D-branes is clarified and extended to any supersymmetric flux background that admits a time-like Killing vector and for which all fields are time-independent with respect to the associated time. As explicit examples, we discuss supersymmetric D-branes on IIA nearly Kaehler AdS_4 flux compactifications.
hep-th
we study dbranes in n1 flux compactifications to ads_4 we derive their supersymmetry conditions and express them in terms of background generalized calibrations basically because ads has a boundary the analysis of stability is more subtle and qualitatively different from the usual case of minkowski compactifications for instance stable dbranes filling ads_4 may wrap trivial internal cycles our analysis gives a geometric realization of the fourdimensional field theory approach of freedman and collaborators furthermore the onetoone correspondence between the supersymmetry conditions of the background and the existence of generalized calibrations for dbranes is clarified and extended to any supersymmetric flux background that admits a timelike killing vector and for which all fields are timeindependent with respect to the associated time as explicit examples we discuss supersymmetric dbranes on iia nearly kaehler ads_4 flux compactifications
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710.5531
Recovery of p-modes in the combined 2004-2005 MOST observations of Procyon
Procyon A, a bright F5 IV-V Sun-like star, is justifiably regarded as a prime asteroseismological target. This star was repeatedly observed by MOST, a specialized microsatellite providing long-term, non-interrupted broadband photometry of bright targets. So far, the widely anticipated p modes eluded direct photometric detection, though numerous independent approaches hinted for the presence of signals in the f~0.5-1.5 mHz range. Implementation of an alternative approach in data processing, as well as combination of the MOST data from 2004 and 2005 (264189 measurements in total) helps to reduce the instrumental noise affecting previous reductions, bringing the 3-sigma detection limit down to ~5.5 part-per-million in the f=0.8-1.2 mHz range. This enables to cross-identifiy 16 p-mode frequencies (though not their degrees) which were previously detected via high-precision radial velocity measurements, and provides an estimate of the large spacing, delta_nu =0.0540 mHz at f~1 mHz. The relatively low average amplitude of the detected modes, a=5.8+/-0.6 ppm, closely matches the amplitudes inferred from the ground-based spectroscopy and upper limits projected from WIRE photometry. This also explains why such low-amplitude signals eluded the direct-detection approach which exclusively relied on the MOST 2004 (or 2005) data processed by a standard pipeline.
astro-ph
procyon a a bright f5 ivv sunlike star is justifiably regarded as a prime asteroseismological target this star was repeatedly observed by most a specialized microsatellite providing longterm noninterrupted broadband photometry of bright targets so far the widely anticipated p modes eluded direct photometric detection though numerous independent approaches hinted for the presence of signals in the f0515 mhz range implementation of an alternative approach in data processing as well as combination of the most data from 2004 and 2005 264189 measurements in total helps to reduce the instrumental noise affecting previous reductions bringing the 3sigma detection limit down to 55 partpermillion in the f0812 mhz range this enables to crossidentifiy 16 pmode frequencies though not their degrees which were previously detected via highprecision radial velocity measurements and provides an estimate of the large spacing delta_nu 00540 mhz at f1 mhz the relatively low average amplitude of the detected modes a5806 ppm closely matches the amplitudes inferred from the groundbased spectroscopy and upper limits projected from wire photometry this also explains why such lowamplitude signals eluded the directdetection approach which exclusively relied on the most 2004 or 2005 data processed by a standard pipeline
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710.5532
SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP): Investigating Photometric Redshift Optimization
The aim of this paper is to investigate ways to optimize the accuracy of photometric redshifts for a SNAP like mission. We focus on how the accuracy of the photometric redshifts depends on the magnitude limit and signal-to-noise ratio, wave-length coverage, number of filters and their shapes and observed galaxy type. We use simulated galaxy catalogs constructed to reproduce observed galaxy luminosity functions from GOODS, and derive photometric redshifts using a template fitting method. By using a catalog that resembles real data, we can estimate the expected number density of galaxies for which photometric redshifts can be derived. We find that the accuracy of photometric redshifts is strongly dependent on the signal-to-noise (S/N) (i.e., S/N>10 is needed for accurate photometric redshifts). The accuracy of the photometric redshifts is also dependent on galaxy type, with smaller scatter for earlier type galaxies. Comparing results using different filter sets, we find that including the U-band is important for decreasing the fraction of outliers, i.e., ``catastrophic failures''. Using broad overlapping filters with resolution ~4gives better photometric redshifts compared to narrower filters (resolution >~5) with the same integration time. We find that filters with square response curves result in a slightly higher scatter, mainly due to a higher fraction of outliers at faint magnitudes. We also compare a 9-filter set to a 17-filter set, where we assume that the available exposure time per filter in the latter set is half that of the first set. We find that the 9-filter set gives more accurate redshifts for a larger number of objects and reaches higher redshift, while the 17-filter set is gives better results at bright magnitudes.
astro-ph
the aim of this paper is to investigate ways to optimize the accuracy of photometric redshifts for a snap like mission we focus on how the accuracy of the photometric redshifts depends on the magnitude limit and signaltonoise ratio wavelength coverage number of filters and their shapes and observed galaxy type we use simulated galaxy catalogs constructed to reproduce observed galaxy luminosity functions from goods and derive photometric redshifts using a template fitting method by using a catalog that resembles real data we can estimate the expected number density of galaxies for which photometric redshifts can be derived we find that the accuracy of photometric redshifts is strongly dependent on the signaltonoise sn ie sn10 is needed for accurate photometric redshifts the accuracy of the photometric redshifts is also dependent on galaxy type with smaller scatter for earlier type galaxies comparing results using different filter sets we find that including the uband is important for decreasing the fraction of outliers ie catastrophic failures using broad overlapping filters with resolution 4gives better photometric redshifts compared to narrower filters resolution 5 with the same integration time we find that filters with square response curves result in a slightly higher scatter mainly due to a higher fraction of outliers at faint magnitudes we also compare a 9filter set to a 17filter set where we assume that the available exposure time per filter in the latter set is half that of the first set we find that the 9filter set gives more accurate redshifts for a larger number of objects and reaches higher redshift while the 17filter set is gives better results at bright magnitudes
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710.5533
Peptide Folding Kinetics from Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics
We show how accurate kinetic information, such as the rates of protein folding and unfolding, can be extracted from replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations. From the brief and continuous trajectory segments between replica exchanges, we estimate short-time propagators in conformation space and use them to construct a master equation. For a helical peptide in explicit water, we determine the rates of transitions both locally between microscopic conformational states and globally for folding and unfolding. We show that accurate rates in the ~1/(100 ns) to ~1/(1 ns) range can be obtained from REMD with exchange times of 5 ps, in excellent agreement with results from long equilibrium molecular dynamics.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech physics.chem-ph q-bio.BM q-bio.QM
we show how accurate kinetic information such as the rates of protein folding and unfolding can be extracted from replicaexchange molecular dynamics remd simulations from the brief and continuous trajectory segments between replica exchanges we estimate shorttime propagators in conformation space and use them to construct a master equation for a helical peptide in explicit water we determine the rates of transitions both locally between microscopic conformational states and globally for folding and unfolding we show that accurate rates in the 1100 ns to 11 ns range can be obtained from remd with exchange times of 5 ps in excellent agreement with results from long equilibrium molecular dynamics
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710.5534
Inelastic final-state interaction
The final-state interaction in multichannel decay processes is sytematically studied with application to B decay in mind. Since the final-state inteaction is intrinsically interwoven with the decay interaction in this case, no simple phase theorem like "Watson's theorem" holds for experimentally observed final states. We first examine in detail the two-channel problem as a toy-model to clarify the issues and to remedy common mistakes made in earlier literature. Realistic multichannel problems are too challenging for quantitative analysis. To cope with mathematical complexity, we introduce a method of approximation that is applicable to the case where one prominant inelastic channel dominates over all others. We illustrate this approximation method in the amplitude of the decay B to pi K fed by the intermediate states of a charmed meson pair. Even with our approximation we need more accurate information of strong interactions than we have now. Nonethless we are able to obtain some insight in the issue and draw useful conclusions on general fearyres on the strong phases.
hep-ph
the finalstate interaction in multichannel decay processes is sytematically studied with application to b decay in mind since the finalstate inteaction is intrinsically interwoven with the decay interaction in this case no simple phase theorem like watsons theorem holds for experimentally observed final states we first examine in detail the twochannel problem as a toymodel to clarify the issues and to remedy common mistakes made in earlier literature realistic multichannel problems are too challenging for quantitative analysis to cope with mathematical complexity we introduce a method of approximation that is applicable to the case where one prominant inelastic channel dominates over all others we illustrate this approximation method in the amplitude of the decay b to pi k fed by the intermediate states of a charmed meson pair even with our approximation we need more accurate information of strong interactions than we have now nonethless we are able to obtain some insight in the issue and draw useful conclusions on general fearyres on the strong phases
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710.5535
Evidence for line-of-sight structure in a comparison of X-ray and optical observations of the high-redshift cluster RCS043938-2904.7
We present new Chandra observations of a high redshift (z~1) galaxy cluster discovered in the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS): RCS043938-2904.7. X-ray luminosity measurements and mass estimates are consistent with L_X-T_X and M_delta-T_X relationships obtained from low-redshift data. Assuming a single cluster, X-ray mass estimates are a factor of ~10-100 below the red-sequence optical richness mass estimate. Optical spectroscopy reveals that this cluster comprises two components which are close enough to perhaps be physically associated. We present simple modeling of this two-component system which then yields an X-ray mass and optical richness consistent with expectations from statistical samples of lower redshift clusters. An unexpectedly high gas mass fraction is measured assuming a single cluster, which independently supports this interpretation. Additional observations will be necessary to confirm the excess gas mass fraction and to constrain the mass distribution.
astro-ph
we present new chandra observations of a high redshift z1 galaxy cluster discovered in the redsequence cluster survey rcs rcs04393829047 xray luminosity measurements and mass estimates are consistent with l_xt_x and m_deltat_x relationships obtained from lowredshift data assuming a single cluster xray mass estimates are a factor of 10100 below the redsequence optical richness mass estimate optical spectroscopy reveals that this cluster comprises two components which are close enough to perhaps be physically associated we present simple modeling of this twocomponent system which then yields an xray mass and optical richness consistent with expectations from statistical samples of lower redshift clusters an unexpectedly high gas mass fraction is measured assuming a single cluster which independently supports this interpretation additional observations will be necessary to confirm the excess gas mass fraction and to constrain the mass distribution
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710.5536
Strange quark contribution to nucleon form factors
We discuss methods for the calculation of disconnected diagrams and their application to various form factors of the nucleon. In particular, we present preliminary results for the strange contribution to the scalar and axial form factors, calculated with N_f=2 dynamical flavors of Wilson fermions on an anisotropic lattice.
hep-lat
we discuss methods for the calculation of disconnected diagrams and their application to various form factors of the nucleon in particular we present preliminary results for the strange contribution to the scalar and axial form factors calculated with n_f2 dynamical flavors of wilson fermions on an anisotropic lattice
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710.5537
Anisotropic magnetoresistance involves metal-insulator transition in single crystal La0.77Ca0.23MnO3
The paper has been withdrawn for some reasons
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the paper has been withdrawn for some reasons
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710.5538
Size effects in the exchange coupling between two electrons in quantum wire quantum dots
We theoretically investigate the properties of a two-electron system confined in the three-dimensional potential of coupled quantum dots formed in a quantum wire. For this purpose, we implement a variational Heitler-London method that minimize the system energies with respect to variational parameters in electron trial wavefunctions. We find that tunneling and exchange couplings exponentially decay with increasing inter-dot distance and inter-dot barrier height. In the quasi-one-dimensional limit achieved by reducing the wire diameter, we find that the overlap between the dots decreases, which results in a drop of the exchange coupling. We also discuss the validity of our variational Heitler-London method with respect to the model potential parameters, and compare our results with available experimental data to find good agreement between the two approaches.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we theoretically investigate the properties of a twoelectron system confined in the threedimensional potential of coupled quantum dots formed in a quantum wire for this purpose we implement a variational heitlerlondon method that minimize the system energies with respect to variational parameters in electron trial wavefunctions we find that tunneling and exchange couplings exponentially decay with increasing interdot distance and interdot barrier height in the quasionedimensional limit achieved by reducing the wire diameter we find that the overlap between the dots decreases which results in a drop of the exchange coupling we also discuss the validity of our variational heitlerlondon method with respect to the model potential parameters and compare our results with available experimental data to find good agreement between the two approaches
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710.5539
Modification of Abel-Plana formula for functions with non-integrable branch-points
The Abel-Plana formula is a widely used tool for calculations in Casimir type problems. In this note we present a particular explicit modification of the Generalized Abel-Plana formula for the functions with non-integrable branch-point singularities.
hep-th math-ph math.MP
the abelplana formula is a widely used tool for calculations in casimir type problems in this note we present a particular explicit modification of the generalized abelplana formula for the functions with nonintegrable branchpoint singularities
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710.554
Fluctuation-driven heterogeneous chemical processes
We explore a new framework for describing the kinetics of a heterogeneous chemical reaction where two particles of the same chemical species form a reaction product of another chemical species on the surface of a seed particle. Traditional treatments neglect the effect of statistical fluctuations in populations. We employ techniques in a manner analogous to the treatment of quantum systems to develop a stochastic description of processes beyond the mean field approximation.
cond-mat.other
we explore a new framework for describing the kinetics of a heterogeneous chemical reaction where two particles of the same chemical species form a reaction product of another chemical species on the surface of a seed particle traditional treatments neglect the effect of statistical fluctuations in populations we employ techniques in a manner analogous to the treatment of quantum systems to develop a stochastic description of processes beyond the mean field approximation
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710.5541
Short and Long Range Screening of Optical Singularities
Screening of topological charges (singularities) is discussed for paraxial optical fields with short and with long range correlations. For short range screening the charge variance in a circular region with radius $R$ grows linearly with $R$, instead of with $R^{2}$ as expected in the absence of screening; for long range screening it grows faster than $R$: for a field whose autocorrelation function is the zero order Bessel function J_{0}, the charge variance grows as R ln R$. A J_{0} correlation function is not attainable in practice, but we show how to generate an optical field whose correlation function closely approximates this form. The charge variance can be measured by counting positive and negative singularities inside the region A, or more easily by counting signed zero crossings on the perimeter of A. \For the first method the charge variance is calculated by integration over the charge correlation function C(r), for the second by integration over the zero crossing correlation function Gamma(r). Using the explicit forms of C(r) and of Gamma(r) we show that both methods of calculation yield the same result. We show that for short range screening the zero crossings can be counted along a straight line whose length equals P, but that for long range screening this simplification no longer holds. We also show that for realizable optical fields, for sufficiently small R, the charge variance goes as R^2, whereas for sufficiently large R, it grows as R. These universal laws are applicable to both short and pseudo-long range correlation functions.
physics.optics
screening of topological charges singularities is discussed for paraxial optical fields with short and with long range correlations for short range screening the charge variance in a circular region with radius r grows linearly with r instead of with r2 as expected in the absence of screening for long range screening it grows faster than r for a field whose autocorrelation function is the zero order bessel function j_0 the charge variance grows as r ln r a j_0 correlation function is not attainable in practice but we show how to generate an optical field whose correlation function closely approximates this form the charge variance can be measured by counting positive and negative singularities inside the region a or more easily by counting signed zero crossings on the perimeter of a for the first method the charge variance is calculated by integration over the charge correlation function cr for the second by integration over the zero crossing correlation function gammar using the explicit forms of cr and of gammar we show that both methods of calculation yield the same result we show that for short range screening the zero crossings can be counted along a straight line whose length equals p but that for long range screening this simplification no longer holds we also show that for realizable optical fields for sufficiently small r the charge variance goes as r2 whereas for sufficiently large r it grows as r these universal laws are applicable to both short and pseudolong range correlation functions
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710.5542
Three-body equations of motion in successive post-Newtonian approximations
There are periodic solutions to the equal-mass three-body (and N-body) problem in Newtonian gravity. The figure-eight solution is one of them. In this paper, we discuss its solution in the first and second post-Newtonian approximations to General Relativity. To do so we derive the canonical equations of motion in the ADM gauge from the three-body Hamiltonian. We then integrate those equations numerically, showing that quantities such as the energy, linear and angular momenta are conserved down to numerical error. We also study the scaling of the initial parameters with the physical size of the triple system. In this way we can assess when general relativistic results are important and we determine that this occur for distances of the order of 100M, with M the total mass of the system. For distances much closer than those, presumably the system would completely collapse due to gravitational radiation. This sets up a natural cut-off to Newtonian N-body simulations. The method can also be used to dynamically provide initial parameters for subsequent full nonlinear numerical simulations.
gr-qc astro-ph
there are periodic solutions to the equalmass threebody and nbody problem in newtonian gravity the figureeight solution is one of them in this paper we discuss its solution in the first and second postnewtonian approximations to general relativity to do so we derive the canonical equations of motion in the adm gauge from the threebody hamiltonian we then integrate those equations numerically showing that quantities such as the energy linear and angular momenta are conserved down to numerical error we also study the scaling of the initial parameters with the physical size of the triple system in this way we can assess when general relativistic results are important and we determine that this occur for distances of the order of 100m with m the total mass of the system for distances much closer than those presumably the system would completely collapse due to gravitational radiation this sets up a natural cutoff to newtonian nbody simulations the method can also be used to dynamically provide initial parameters for subsequent full nonlinear numerical simulations
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710.5543
Integrable dynamics of Toda-type on the square and triangular lattices
In a recent paper we constructed an integrable generalization of the Toda law on the square lattice. In this paper we construct other examples of integrable dynamics of Toda-type on the square lattice, as well as on the triangular lattice, as nonlinear symmetries of the discrete Laplace equations on the square and triangular lattices. We also construct the $\tau$ - function formulations and the Darboux-B\"acklund transformations of these novel dynamics.
nlin.SI nlin.PS
in a recent paper we constructed an integrable generalization of the toda law on the square lattice in this paper we construct other examples of integrable dynamics of todatype on the square lattice as well as on the triangular lattice as nonlinear symmetries of the discrete laplace equations on the square and triangular lattices we also construct the tau function formulations and the darbouxbacklund transformations of these novel dynamics
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710.5544
Direct Observation of Cosmic Strings via their Strong Gravitational Lensing Effect: I. Predictions for High Resolution Imaging Surveys
We use current theoretical estimates for the density of long cosmic strings to predict the number of strong gravitational lensing events in astronomical imaging surveys as a function of angular resolution and survey area. We show that angular resolution is the most important factor, and that interesting limits on the dimensionless string tension Gmu/c^2 can be obtained by existing and planned surveys. At the resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope (0.14"), it is sufficient to survey of order a few square degrees -- well within reach of the current HST archive -- to probe the regime Gmu/c^2 ~ 10^{-7}. If lensing by cosmic strings is not detected, such a survey would improve the limit on the string tension by a factor of two over that available from the cosmic microwave background. Future high resolution imaging surveys, covering a few hundred square degrees or more, either from space in the optical or from large-format radio telescopes on the ground, would be able to further lower this limit to Gmu/c^2 < 10^{-8}.
astro-ph
we use current theoretical estimates for the density of long cosmic strings to predict the number of strong gravitational lensing events in astronomical imaging surveys as a function of angular resolution and survey area we show that angular resolution is the most important factor and that interesting limits on the dimensionless string tension gmuc2 can be obtained by existing and planned surveys at the resolution of the hubble space telescope 014 it is sufficient to survey of order a few square degrees well within reach of the current hst archive to probe the regime gmuc2 107 if lensing by cosmic strings is not detected such a survey would improve the limit on the string tension by a factor of two over that available from the cosmic microwave background future high resolution imaging surveys covering a few hundred square degrees or more either from space in the optical or from largeformat radio telescopes on the ground would be able to further lower this limit to gmuc2 108
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710.5545
Extending a theorem of Herstein
Just infinite algebras have been considered from various perspectives; a common thread in these treatments is that the notion of just infinite is an extension of the notion of simple. We reinforce this generalization by considering some well-known results of Herstein regarding simple rings and their Lie and Jordan structures and extend these results to their just infinite analogues. In particular, we prove that if A is a just infinite associative algebra, of characteristic not 2,3, or 5, then the Lie algebra $[A,A]/(Z\cap[A,A])$ is also just infinite (where Z denotes the center of A).
math.RA
just infinite algebras have been considered from various perspectives a common thread in these treatments is that the notion of just infinite is an extension of the notion of simple we reinforce this generalization by considering some wellknown results of herstein regarding simple rings and their lie and jordan structures and extend these results to their just infinite analogues in particular we prove that if a is a just infinite associative algebra of characteristic not 23 or 5 then the lie algebra aazcapaa is also just infinite where z denotes the center of a
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710.5546
Giant proximity effect in a phase-fluctuating superconductor
When a tunneling barrier between two superconductors is formed by a normal material that would be a superconductor in the absence of phase fluctuations, the resulting Josephson effect can undergo an enormous enhancement. We establish this novel proximity effect by a general argument as well as a numerical simulation and argue that it may underlie recent experimental observations of the giant proximity effect between two cuprate superconductors separated by a barrier made of the same material rendered normal by severe underdoping.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
when a tunneling barrier between two superconductors is formed by a normal material that would be a superconductor in the absence of phase fluctuations the resulting josephson effect can undergo an enormous enhancement we establish this novel proximity effect by a general argument as well as a numerical simulation and argue that it may underlie recent experimental observations of the giant proximity effect between two cuprate superconductors separated by a barrier made of the same material rendered normal by severe underdoping
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710.5547
Code Similarity on High Level Programs
This paper presents a new approach for code similarity on High Level programs. Our technique is based on Fast Dynamic Time Warping, that builds a warp path or points relation with local restrictions. The source code is represented into Time Series using the operators inside programming languages that makes possible the comparison. This makes possible subsequence detection that represent similar code instructions. In contrast with other code similarity algorithms, we do not make features extraction. The experiments show that two source codes are similar when their respective Time Series are similar.
cs.CV cs.DS
this paper presents a new approach for code similarity on high level programs our technique is based on fast dynamic time warping that builds a warp path or points relation with local restrictions the source code is represented into time series using the operators inside programming languages that makes possible the comparison this makes possible subsequence detection that represent similar code instructions in contrast with other code similarity algorithms we do not make features extraction the experiments show that two source codes are similar when their respective time series are similar
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710.5548
Nuclear Bar Catalyzed Star Formation: 13^CO, C18^O and Molecular Gas Properties in the Nucleus of Maffei 2
(Abridged) We present resolution maps of CO, its isotopologues, and HCN from in the center of Maffei 2. The J=1-0 rotational lines of 12^CO, 13^CO, C18^O and HCN, and the J=2-1 lines of 13^CO and C18^O were observed with the OVRO and BIMA arrays. The 2-1/1-0 line ratios of the isotopologues constrain the bulk of the molecular gas to originate in low excitation, subthermal gas. From LVG modeling, we infer that the central GMCs have n(H_2) ~10^2.75 cm^-3 and T_k ~ 30 K. Continuum emission at 3.4 mm, 2.7 mm and 1.4 mm was mapped to determine the distribution and amount of HII regions and dust. Column densities derived from C18^O and 1.4 mm dust continuum fluxes indicate the CO conversion factor in the center of Maffei 2 is lower than Galactic by factors of ~2-4. Gas morphology and the clear ``parallelogram'' in the Position-Velocity diagram shows that molecular gas orbits within the potential of a nuclear (~220 pc) bar. The nuclear bar is distinct from the bar that governs the large scale morphology of Maffei 2. Giant molecular clouds in the nucleus are nonspherical and have large linewidths. Dense gas and star formation are concentrated at the sites of the x_1-x_2 orbit intersections of the nuclear bar, suggesting that the starburst is dynamically triggered.
astro-ph
abridged we present resolution maps of co its isotopologues and hcn from in the center of maffei 2 the j10 rotational lines of 12co 13co c18o and hcn and the j21 lines of 13co and c18o were observed with the ovro and bima arrays the 2110 line ratios of the isotopologues constrain the bulk of the molecular gas to originate in low excitation subthermal gas from lvg modeling we infer that the central gmcs have nh_2 10275 cm3 and t_k 30 k continuum emission at 34 mm 27 mm and 14 mm was mapped to determine the distribution and amount of hii regions and dust column densities derived from c18o and 14 mm dust continuum fluxes indicate the co conversion factor in the center of maffei 2 is lower than galactic by factors of 24 gas morphology and the clear parallelogram in the positionvelocity diagram shows that molecular gas orbits within the potential of a nuclear 220 pc bar the nuclear bar is distinct from the bar that governs the large scale morphology of maffei 2 giant molecular clouds in the nucleus are nonspherical and have large linewidths dense gas and star formation are concentrated at the sites of the x_1x_2 orbit intersections of the nuclear bar suggesting that the starburst is dynamically triggered
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710.5549
Negativity and contextuality are equivalent notions of nonclassicality
Two notions of nonclassicality that have been investigated intensively are: (i) negativity, that is, the need to posit negative values when representing quantum states by quasiprobability distributions such as the Wigner representation, and (ii) contextuality, that is, the impossibility of a noncontextual hidden variable model of quantum theory (also known as the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem). Although both of these notions were meant to characterize the conditions under which a classical explanation cannot be provided, we demonstrate that they prove inadequate to the task and we argue for a particular way of generalizing and revising them. With the refined version of each in hand, it becomes apparent that they are in fact one and the same. We also demonstrate the impossibility of noncontextuality or nonnegativity in quantum theory with a novel proof that is symmetric in its treatment of measurements and preparations.
quant-ph
two notions of nonclassicality that have been investigated intensively are i negativity that is the need to posit negative values when representing quantum states by quasiprobability distributions such as the wigner representation and ii contextuality that is the impossibility of a noncontextual hidden variable model of quantum theory also known as the bellkochenspecker theorem although both of these notions were meant to characterize the conditions under which a classical explanation cannot be provided we demonstrate that they prove inadequate to the task and we argue for a particular way of generalizing and revising them with the refined version of each in hand it becomes apparent that they are in fact one and the same we also demonstrate the impossibility of noncontextuality or nonnegativity in quantum theory with a novel proof that is symmetric in its treatment of measurements and preparations
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710.555
Vortex lattice transitions in cyclic spinor condensates
We study the energetics of vortices and vortex lattices produced by rotation in the cyclic phase of F=2 spinor Bose condensates. In addition to the familiar triangular lattice predicted by Tkachenko for $^4$He, many more complex lattices appear in this system as a result of the spin degree of freedom. In particular, we predict a magnetic-field-driven transition from a triangular lattice to a honeycomb lattice. Other transitions and lattice geometries are driven at constant field by changes in the temperature-dependent ratio of charge and spin stiffnesses, including a transition through an aperiodic vortex structure.
cond-mat.other
we study the energetics of vortices and vortex lattices produced by rotation in the cyclic phase of f2 spinor bose condensates in addition to the familiar triangular lattice predicted by tkachenko for 4he many more complex lattices appear in this system as a result of the spin degree of freedom in particular we predict a magneticfielddriven transition from a triangular lattice to a honeycomb lattice other transitions and lattice geometries are driven at constant field by changes in the temperaturedependent ratio of charge and spin stiffnesses including a transition through an aperiodic vortex structure
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710.5551
Linear response and stability of ordered phases of diblock copolymer melts
An efficient pseudo-spectral numerical method is introduced for calculating a self-consistent field (SCF) approximation for the linear susceptibility of ordered phases in block copolymer melts (sometimes referred to as the random phase approximation). Our method is significantly more efficient than that used in the first calculations of this quantity by Shi, Laradji and coworkers, allowing for the study of more strongly segregated structures. We have re-examined the stability of several phases of diblock copolymer melts, and find that some conclusions of Laradji et al. regarding the stability of the Gyroid phase were the result of insufficient spatial resolution. We find that an epitaxial (k=0) instability of the Gyroid phase with respect to the hexagonal phase that was considered previously by Matsen competes extremely closely with an instability that occurs at a nonzero crystal wavevector k.
cond-mat.soft
an efficient pseudospectral numerical method is introduced for calculating a selfconsistent field scf approximation for the linear susceptibility of ordered phases in block copolymer melts sometimes referred to as the random phase approximation our method is significantly more efficient than that used in the first calculations of this quantity by shi laradji and coworkers allowing for the study of more strongly segregated structures we have reexamined the stability of several phases of diblock copolymer melts and find that some conclusions of laradji et al regarding the stability of the gyroid phase were the result of insufficient spatial resolution we find that an epitaxial k0 instability of the gyroid phase with respect to the hexagonal phase that was considered previously by matsen competes extremely closely with an instability that occurs at a nonzero crystal wavevector k
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710.5552
An extension theorem for conformal gauge singularities
We analyse conformal gauge, or isotropic, singularities in cosmological models in general relativity. Using the calculus of tractors, we find conditions in terms of tractor curvature for a local extension of the conformal structure through a cosmological singularity and prove a local extension theorem.
gr-qc
we analyse conformal gauge or isotropic singularities in cosmological models in general relativity using the calculus of tractors we find conditions in terms of tractor curvature for a local extension of the conformal structure through a cosmological singularity and prove a local extension theorem
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