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711.0708
A Rank-Metric Approach to Error Control in Random Network Coding
The problem of error control in random linear network coding is addressed from a matrix perspective that is closely related to the subspace perspective of K\"otter and Kschischang. A large class of constant-dimension subspace codes is investigated. It is shown that codes in this class can be easily constructed from rank-metric codes, while preserving their distance properties. Moreover, it is shown that minimum distance decoding of such subspace codes can be reformulated as a generalized decoding problem for rank-metric codes where partial information about the error is available. This partial information may be in the form of erasures (knowledge of an error location but not its value) and deviations (knowledge of an error value but not its location). Taking erasures and deviations into account (when they occur) strictly increases the error correction capability of a code: if $\mu$ erasures and $\delta$ deviations occur, then errors of rank $t$ can always be corrected provided that $2t \leq d - 1 + \mu + \delta$, where $d$ is the minimum rank distance of the code. For Gabidulin codes, an important family of maximum rank distance codes, an efficient decoding algorithm is proposed that can properly exploit erasures and deviations. In a network coding application where $n$ packets of length $M$ over $F_q$ are transmitted, the complexity of the decoding algorithm is given by $O(dM)$ operations in an extension field $F_{q^n}$.
cs.IT math.IT
the problem of error control in random linear network coding is addressed from a matrix perspective that is closely related to the subspace perspective of kotter and kschischang a large class of constantdimension subspace codes is investigated it is shown that codes in this class can be easily constructed from rankmetric codes while preserving their distance properties moreover it is shown that minimum distance decoding of such subspace codes can be reformulated as a generalized decoding problem for rankmetric codes where partial information about the error is available this partial information may be in the form of erasures knowledge of an error location but not its value and deviations knowledge of an error value but not its location taking erasures and deviations into account when they occur strictly increases the error correction capability of a code if mu erasures and delta deviations occur then errors of rank t can always be corrected provided that 2t leq d 1 mu delta where d is the minimum rank distance of the code for gabidulin codes an important family of maximum rank distance codes an efficient decoding algorithm is proposed that can properly exploit erasures and deviations in a network coding application where n packets of length m over f_q are transmitted the complexity of the decoding algorithm is given by odm operations in an extension field f_qn
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711.0709
An introduction to the geometry of ultrametric spaces
Some examples and basic properties of ultrametric spaces are briefly discussed.
math.MG
some examples and basic properties of ultrametric spaces are briefly discussed
[['some', 'examples', 'and', 'basic', 'properties', 'of', 'ultrametric', 'spaces', 'are', 'briefly', 'discussed']]
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711.071
Symmetry and Supersymmetry in Nuclear Physics
A survey of algebraic approaches to various problems in nuclear physics is given. Examples are chosen from pairing of many-nucleon systems, nuclear structure, fusion reactions below the Coulomb barrier, and supernova neutrino physics to illustrate the utility of group-theoretical and related algebraic methods in nuclear physics.
nucl-th
a survey of algebraic approaches to various problems in nuclear physics is given examples are chosen from pairing of manynucleon systems nuclear structure fusion reactions below the coulomb barrier and supernova neutrino physics to illustrate the utility of grouptheoretical and related algebraic methods in nuclear physics
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711.0711
Information-Theoretic Security in Wireless Networks
This paper summarizes recent contributions of the authors and their co-workers in the area of information-theoretic security.
cs.IT cs.CR math.IT
this paper summarizes recent contributions of the authors and their coworkers in the area of informationtheoretic security
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711.0712
Bridging geometries and potentials in DBI cosmologies
We investigate the link between the warp function and the potential in DBI cosmologies in connection with the possibility they represent power-law solutions. A prescription is given to take advantage of the known result that given a warp factor there is always a choice of potential resulting in a constant ratio between pressure and energy density. The method is illustrated with examples with interesting models for either the warp factor or the potential. We complete this investigation by giving a recipe to exploit symmetries in order to generate new solutions from existing ones; this method can be applied, for instance, to the power-law cosmologies obtained using our prescription.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
we investigate the link between the warp function and the potential in dbi cosmologies in connection with the possibility they represent powerlaw solutions a prescription is given to take advantage of the known result that given a warp factor there is always a choice of potential resulting in a constant ratio between pressure and energy density the method is illustrated with examples with interesting models for either the warp factor or the potential we complete this investigation by giving a recipe to exploit symmetries in order to generate new solutions from existing ones this method can be applied for instance to the powerlaw cosmologies obtained using our prescription
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711.0713
Inequalities for Integer and Fractional Parts
In this paper we present 43 new inequalities related to integer part and fractional part.
math.GM
in this paper we present 43 new inequalities related to integer part and fractional part
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711.0714
Semiclassical Horizons
The entropy of apparent horizons is derived using coherent states or semiclassical states in quantum gravity. The leading term is proportional to area for large horizons, and the correction terms differ according to the details of the graph which is used to regularise the quantum gravity phase space variables.
gr-qc
the entropy of apparent horizons is derived using coherent states or semiclassical states in quantum gravity the leading term is proportional to area for large horizons and the correction terms differ according to the details of the graph which is used to regularise the quantum gravity phase space variables
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711.0715
Inherent flexibility and protein function: the open/closed conformational transition of the N-terminal domain of calmodulin
The key to understanding a protein's function often lies in its conformational dynamics. We develop a coarse-grained variational model to investigate the interplay between structural transitions, conformational flexibility and function of N-terminal calmodulin (nCaM) domain. In this model, two energy basins corresponding to the ``closed'' apo conformation and ``open'' holo conformation of nCaM domain are connected by a uniform interpolation parameter. The resulting detailed transition route from our model is largely consistent with the recently proposed EF$\beta$-scaffold mechanism in EF-hand family proteins. We find that the N-terminal part in calcium binding loops I and II shows higher flexibility than the C-terminal part which form this EF$\beta$-scaffold structure. The structural transition of binding loops I and II are compared in detail. Our model predicts that binding loop II, with higher flexibility and early structural change than binding loop I, dominates the conformational transition in nCaM domain.
q-bio.QM
the key to understanding a proteins function often lies in its conformational dynamics we develop a coarsegrained variational model to investigate the interplay between structural transitions conformational flexibility and function of nterminal calmodulin ncam domain in this model two energy basins corresponding to the closed apo conformation and open holo conformation of ncam domain are connected by a uniform interpolation parameter the resulting detailed transition route from our model is largely consistent with the recently proposed efbetascaffold mechanism in efhand family proteins we find that the nterminal part in calcium binding loops i and ii shows higher flexibility than the cterminal part which form this efbetascaffold structure the structural transition of binding loops i and ii are compared in detail our model predicts that binding loop ii with higher flexibility and early structural change than binding loop i dominates the conformational transition in ncam domain
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711.0716
Generic boundary scattering in the open XXZ chain
The open critical XXZ spin chain with a general right boundary and a trivial diagonal left boundary is considered. Within this framework we propose a simple computation of the exact generic boundary S-matrix (with diagonal and non-diagonal entries), starting from the `bare' Bethe ansatz equations. Our results coincide with the ones obtained by Ghoshal and Zamolodchikov, after assuming suitable identifications of the bulk and boundary parameters.
math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th math.MP nlin.SI
the open critical xxz spin chain with a general right boundary and a trivial diagonal left boundary is considered within this framework we propose a simple computation of the exact generic boundary smatrix with diagonal and nondiagonal entries starting from the bare bethe ansatz equations our results coincide with the ones obtained by ghoshal and zamolodchikov after assuming suitable identifications of the bulk and boundary parameters
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711.0717
Pointwise convergence of solutions to Schr\"odinger equations
We study pointwise convergence of the solutions to Schr\"odinger equations with initial datum $f\in H^s(\mathbb R^n)$. The conjecture is that the solution $e^{it\Delta}f$ converges to $f$ almost everywhere for all $f\in H^s(\mathbb R^n)$ if and only if $s\ge 1/4$. The conjecture is known true for one spatial dimension and the convergence when $s>1/2$ was verified for $n\ge 2$. Recently, concrete progresses have been made in $\mathbb R^2$ for some $s<1/2$. However, when $n\ge 3$ no positive result is known for the initial datum $f\in H^s(\mathbb R^n)$, $s\le 1/2$. We show that $\lim_{t\to 0} e^{it\Delta}f= f$ a.e. for $f\in H^s(\mathbb R^3)$ whenever $s>1/2-1/{24}$.
math.CA
we study pointwise convergence of the solutions to schrodinger equations with initial datum fin hsmathbb rn the conjecture is that the solution eitdeltaf converges to f almost everywhere for all fin hsmathbb rn if and only if sge 14 the conjecture is known true for one spatial dimension and the convergence when s12 was verified for nge 2 recently concrete progresses have been made in mathbb r2 for some s12 however when nge 3 no positive result is known for the initial datum fin hsmathbb rn sle 12 we show that lim_tto 0 eitdeltaf f ae for fin hsmathbb r3 whenever s12124
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711.0718
Autocorrelation of ratios of L-functions
We give a new heuristic for all of the main terms in the quotient of products of L-functions averaged over a family. These conjectures generalize the recent conjectures for mean values of L-functions. Comparison is made to the analogous quantities for the characteristic polynomials of matrices averaged over a classical compact group.
math.NT math-ph math.MP
we give a new heuristic for all of the main terms in the quotient of products of lfunctions averaged over a family these conjectures generalize the recent conjectures for mean values of lfunctions comparison is made to the analogous quantities for the characteristic polynomials of matrices averaged over a classical compact group
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711.0719
Decompounding under Gaussian noise
Assuming that a stochastic process $X=(X_t)_{t\geq 0}$ is a sum of a compound Poisson process $Y=(Y_t)_{t\geq 0}$ with known intensity $\lambda$ and unknown jump size density $f,$ and an independent Brownian motion $Z=(Z_t)_{t\geq 0},$ we consider the problem of nonparametric estimation of $f$ from low frequency observations from $X.$ The estimator of $f$ is constructed via Fourier inversion and kernel smoothing. Our main result deals with asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator at a fixed point.
math.ST stat.TH
assuming that a stochastic process xx_t_tgeq 0 is a sum of a compound poisson process yy_t_tgeq 0 with known intensity lambda and unknown jump size density f and an independent brownian motion zz_t_tgeq 0 we consider the problem of nonparametric estimation of f from low frequency observations from x the estimator of f is constructed via fourier inversion and kernel smoothing our main result deals with asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator at a fixed point
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711.072
On the Evolution Equation for Magnetic Geodesics
In this paper we prove the existence of long time solutions for the parabolic equation for closed magnetic geodesics.
math.AP
in this paper we prove the existence of long time solutions for the parabolic equation for closed magnetic geodesics
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711.0721
Relations between convergence rates in Schatten p-norms
In quantum estimation theory and quantum tomography, the quantum state obtained by sampling converges to the `true' unknown density matrix under topologies that are different from the natural notion of distance in the space of quantum states, i.e. the trace class norm. In this paper, we address such problem, finding relations between the rates of convergence in the Schatten $p$-norms and in the trace class norm.
quant-ph
in quantum estimation theory and quantum tomography the quantum state obtained by sampling converges to the true unknown density matrix under topologies that are different from the natural notion of distance in the space of quantum states ie the trace class norm in this paper we address such problem finding relations between the rates of convergence in the schatten pnorms and in the trace class norm
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711.0722
A peculiar object in M51: fuzzy star cluster or a background galaxy?
Aims: We study a peculiar object with a projected position close to the nucleus of M51. It is unusually large for a star cluster in M51 and we therefore investigate the three most likely options to explain this object: (a) a background galaxy, (b) a cluster in the disk of M51 and (c) a cluster in M51, but in front of the disk. Methods: We use HST/ACS and HST/NICMOS broad-band photometry to study the properties of this object. Assuming the object is a star cluster, we fit the metallicity, age, mass and extinction using simple stellar population models. Assuming the object is a background galaxy, we estimate the extinction from the colour of the background around the object. We study the structural parameters of the object by fitting the spatial profile with analytical models. Results: We find de-reddened colours of the object which are bluer than expected for a typical elliptical galaxy, and the central surface brightness is brighter than the typical surface brightness of a disc galaxy. It is therefore not likely that the object is a background galaxy. Assuming the object is a star cluster in the disc of M51, we estimate an age and mass of 0.7 Gyr and 2.2 x 10^5 \msun, respectively (with the extinction fixed to E(B-V) = 0.2). Considering the large size of the object, we argue that in this scenario we observe the cluster just prior to final dissolution. If we fit for the extinction as a free parameter, a younger age is allowed and the object is not close to final dissolution. Alternatively, the object could be a star cluster in M51, but in front of the disc, with an age of 1.4 Gyr and mass M = 1.7 x 10^5 \msun. Its effective radius is between ~12-25 pc. This makes the object a "fuzzy star cluster", raising the issue of how an object of this age would end up outside the disc.
astro-ph
aims we study a peculiar object with a projected position close to the nucleus of m51 it is unusually large for a star cluster in m51 and we therefore investigate the three most likely options to explain this object a a background galaxy b a cluster in the disk of m51 and c a cluster in m51 but in front of the disk methods we use hstacs and hstnicmos broadband photometry to study the properties of this object assuming the object is a star cluster we fit the metallicity age mass and extinction using simple stellar population models assuming the object is a background galaxy we estimate the extinction from the colour of the background around the object we study the structural parameters of the object by fitting the spatial profile with analytical models results we find dereddened colours of the object which are bluer than expected for a typical elliptical galaxy and the central surface brightness is brighter than the typical surface brightness of a disc galaxy it is therefore not likely that the object is a background galaxy assuming the object is a star cluster in the disc of m51 we estimate an age and mass of 07 gyr and 22 x 105 msun respectively with the extinction fixed to ebv 02 considering the large size of the object we argue that in this scenario we observe the cluster just prior to final dissolution if we fit for the extinction as a free parameter a younger age is allowed and the object is not close to final dissolution alternatively the object could be a star cluster in m51 but in front of the disc with an age of 14 gyr and mass m 17 x 105 msun its effective radius is between 1225 pc this makes the object a fuzzy star cluster raising the issue of how an object of this age would end up outside the disc
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711.0723
Alternative Vinen's equation and its extension to rotating counterflow superfluid turbulence
Two alternative Vinen's evolution equations for the vortex line density L in counterflow superfluid turbulence, are physically admissible and lead to analogous results in steady states. In Phys. Rev. B, 69, 094513 (2004) the most used of them was generalized to counterflow superfluid turbulence in rotating containers. Here, the analogous generalization for the alternative Vinen's equation is proposed. Both generalized Vinen's equations are compared with the experimental results, not only in steady-states but also in some unsteady situations. From this analysis follows that the solutions of the alternative Vinen's equation tend significantly faster to the corresponding final steady state values than the solutions of the usual Vinen's equation, and that the latter seems more suitable for the description of the experimental available data.
cond-mat.other
two alternative vinens evolution equations for the vortex line density l in counterflow superfluid turbulence are physically admissible and lead to analogous results in steady states in phys rev b 69 094513 2004 the most used of them was generalized to counterflow superfluid turbulence in rotating containers here the analogous generalization for the alternative vinens equation is proposed both generalized vinens equations are compared with the experimental results not only in steadystates but also in some unsteady situations from this analysis follows that the solutions of the alternative vinens equation tend significantly faster to the corresponding final steady state values than the solutions of the usual vinens equation and that the latter seems more suitable for the description of the experimental available data
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711.0724
Pattern Formation in Quantum Ensembles
We present a family of methods, analytical and numerical, which can describe behaviour in (non) equilibrium ensembles, both classical and quantum, especially in the complex systems, where the standard approaches cannot be applied. We demonstrate the creation of nontrivial (meta) stable states (patterns), localized, chaotic, entangled or decoherent, from basic localized modes in various collective models arising from the quantum hierarchy of Wigner-von Neumann-Moyal-Lindblad equations, which are the result of ``wignerization'' procedure of classical BBGKY hierarchy. We present the explicit description of internal quantum dynamics by means of exact analytical/numerical computations.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP nlin.PS physics.plasm-ph
we present a family of methods analytical and numerical which can describe behaviour in non equilibrium ensembles both classical and quantum especially in the complex systems where the standard approaches cannot be applied we demonstrate the creation of nontrivial meta stable states patterns localized chaotic entangled or decoherent from basic localized modes in various collective models arising from the quantum hierarchy of wignervon neumannmoyallindblad equations which are the result of wignerization procedure of classical bbgky hierarchy we present the explicit description of internal quantum dynamics by means of exact analyticalnumerical computations
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711.0725
High energy X-ray emission from recurrent novae in quiescence: T CrB
We present Suzaku X-ray observations of the recurrent nova T CrB in quiescence. T CrB is the first recurrent nova to be detected in the hard-X-ray band (E ~ 40.0 keV) during quiescence. The X-ray spectrum is consistent with cooling-flow emission emanating from an optically thin region in the boundary layer of an accretion disk around the white dwarf. The detection of strong stochastic flux variations in the light curve supports the interpretation of the hard X-ray emission as emanating from a boundary layer.
astro-ph
we present suzaku xray observations of the recurrent nova t crb in quiescence t crb is the first recurrent nova to be detected in the hardxray band e 400 kev during quiescence the xray spectrum is consistent with coolingflow emission emanating from an optically thin region in the boundary layer of an accretion disk around the white dwarf the detection of strong stochastic flux variations in the light curve supports the interpretation of the hard xray emission as emanating from a boundary layer
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711.0726
Geometrical Expression of the Angular Resolution of a Network of Gravitational-Wave Detectors and Improved Localization Methods
We report for the first time a method-independent geometrical expression for the angular resolution of an arbitrary network of interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors when the arrival-time of a GW is unknown. We discuss the implications of our results on how to improve angular resolutions of a GW network and on improvements of localization methods. An example of an improvement to the null-stream localization method for GWs of unknown waveforms is demonstrated.
gr-qc
we report for the first time a methodindependent geometrical expression for the angular resolution of an arbitrary network of interferometric gravitational wave gw detectors when the arrivaltime of a gw is unknown we discuss the implications of our results on how to improve angular resolutions of a gw network and on improvements of localization methods an example of an improvement to the nullstream localization method for gws of unknown waveforms is demonstrated
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711.0727
A Character Formula for the Category \~O
One may construct, for any function on the integers, an irreducible module of level zero for affine sl(2), using the values of the function as structure constants. The modules constructed using exponential-polynomial functions realise the irreducible modules with finite-dimensional weight spaces in the category \~O of Chari. In this work, an expression for the formal character of such a module is derived using the highest-weight theory of truncations of the loop algebra.
math.RT
one may construct for any function on the integers an irreducible module of level zero for affine sl2 using the values of the function as structure constants the modules constructed using exponentialpolynomial functions realise the irreducible modules with finitedimensional weight spaces in the category o of chari in this work an expression for the formal character of such a module is derived using the highestweight theory of truncations of the loop algebra
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711.0728
A first measurement of the interaction cross section of the tau neutrino
The DONuT experiment collected data in 1997 and published first results in 2000 based on four observed $\nu_\tau$ charged-current (CC) interactions. The final analysis of the data collected in the experiment is presented in this paper, based on $3.6 \times 10^{17}$ protons on target using the 800 GeV Tevatron beam at Fermilab. The number of observed $\nu_\tau$ CC interactions is 9, from a total of 578 observed neutrino interactions. We calculated the energy-independent part of the tau-neutrino CC cross section ($\nu + \bar \nu$), relative to the well-known $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ cross sections. The ratio $\sigma(\nu_\tau)$/$\sigma(\nu_{e,\mu})$ was found to be $1.37\pm0.35\pm0.77$. The $\nu_\tau$ CC cross section was found to be $0.72 \pm 0.24\pm0.36 \times 10^{-38}$ cm$^{2}\rm{GeV}^{-1}$. Both results are in agreement the Standard Model.
hep-ex
the donut experiment collected data in 1997 and published first results in 2000 based on four observed nu_tau chargedcurrent cc interactions the final analysis of the data collected in the experiment is presented in this paper based on 36 times 1017 protons on target using the 800 gev tevatron beam at fermilab the number of observed nu_tau cc interactions is 9 from a total of 578 observed neutrino interactions we calculated the energyindependent part of the tauneutrino cc cross section nu bar nu relative to the wellknown nu_e and nu_mu cross sections the ratio sigmanu_tausigmanu_emu was found to be 137pm035pm077 the nu_tau cc cross section was found to be 072 pm 024pm036 times 1038 cm2rmgev1 both results are in agreement the standard model
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711.0729
Forbidden patterns in financial time series
The existence of forbidden patterns, i.e., certain missing sequences in a given time series, is a recently proposed instrument of potential application in the study of time series. Forbidden patterns are related to the permutation entropy, which has the basic properties of classic chaos indicators, thus allowing to separate deterministic (usually chaotic) from random series; however, it requires less values of the series to be calculated, and it is suitable for using with small datasets. In this Letter, the appearance of forbidden patterns is studied in different economical indicators like stock indices (Dow Jones Industrial Average and Nasdaq Composite), NYSE stocks (IBM and Boeing) and others (10-year Bond interest rate), to find evidences of deterministic behavior in their evolutions.
q-fin.ST physics.data-an physics.soc-ph
the existence of forbidden patterns ie certain missing sequences in a given time series is a recently proposed instrument of potential application in the study of time series forbidden patterns are related to the permutation entropy which has the basic properties of classic chaos indicators thus allowing to separate deterministic usually chaotic from random series however it requires less values of the series to be calculated and it is suitable for using with small datasets in this letter the appearance of forbidden patterns is studied in different economical indicators like stock indices dow jones industrial average and nasdaq composite nyse stocks ibm and boeing and others 10year bond interest rate to find evidences of deterministic behavior in their evolutions
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711.073
The Tallest Column -- A Dynamical System Approach using a Similarity Solution
A classic problem, the design of the tallest column, is solved again using a different method. By the use of a similarity solution the equations are transformed and the difficult singularity at the endpoint is peeled away. The resulting autonomous system has a critical point and the solution must be on its stable manifold. The solution is found by starting near the critical point in the direction of the stable manifold, and solving backwards numerically. This removes the need for an iterative integration method that was previously used. The method is shown to work for clamped or hinged boundary condition and can also be used for other problems involving singularities at the endpoints.
math-ph math.DS math.MP
a classic problem the design of the tallest column is solved again using a different method by the use of a similarity solution the equations are transformed and the difficult singularity at the endpoint is peeled away the resulting autonomous system has a critical point and the solution must be on its stable manifold the solution is found by starting near the critical point in the direction of the stable manifold and solving backwards numerically this removes the need for an iterative integration method that was previously used the method is shown to work for clamped or hinged boundary condition and can also be used for other problems involving singularities at the endpoints
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711.0731
Discovery and Identification of Contactlike Interactions in Fermion-pair Production at ILC
Non-standard scenarios described by effective contactlike interactions can be revealed only by searching for deviations of the measured observables from the Standard Model (SM) predictions. If deviations were indeed observed within the experimental uncertainty, the identification of their source among the different non-standard interactions should be needed. We here consider the example of the discrimination of gravity in compactified extra dimensions (ADD model) against the four-fermion contact interactions (CI). We present assessments of the identification reach on this scenario, that could be obtained from measurements of the differential cross sections for the fermionic processes $e^+e^-\to{\bar f}f$, with $f=e,\mu,\tau,c,b$, at the planned ILC.
hep-ph
nonstandard scenarios described by effective contactlike interactions can be revealed only by searching for deviations of the measured observables from the standard model sm predictions if deviations were indeed observed within the experimental uncertainty the identification of their source among the different nonstandard interactions should be needed we here consider the example of the discrimination of gravity in compactified extra dimensions add model against the fourfermion contact interactions ci we present assessments of the identification reach on this scenario that could be obtained from measurements of the differential cross sections for the fermionic processes eetobar ff with femutaucb at the planned ilc
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711.0732
Magnetic excitations in vanadium spinels
We study magnetic excitations in vanadium spinel oxides AV$_2$O$_4$ (A=Zn, Mg, Cd) using two models: first one is a superexchange model for vanadium S=1 spins, second one includes in addition spin-orbit coupling, and crystal anisotropy. We show that the experimentally observed magnetic ordering can be obtained in both models, however the orbital ordering is different with and without spin-orbit coupling and crystal anisotropy. We demonstrate that this difference strongly affects the spin-wave excitation spectrum above the magnetically ordered state, and argue that the neutron measurement of such dispersion is a way to distinguish between the two possible orbital orderings in AV$_2$O$_4$.
cond-mat.str-el
we study magnetic excitations in vanadium spinel oxides av_2o_4 azn mg cd using two models first one is a superexchange model for vanadium s1 spins second one includes in addition spinorbit coupling and crystal anisotropy we show that the experimentally observed magnetic ordering can be obtained in both models however the orbital ordering is different with and without spinorbit coupling and crystal anisotropy we demonstrate that this difference strongly affects the spinwave excitation spectrum above the magnetically ordered state and argue that the neutron measurement of such dispersion is a way to distinguish between the two possible orbital orderings in av_2o_4
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711.0733
Electroweak-scale mirror fermions, $\mu \to e \gamma$ and $\tau \to \mu \gamma$
The Lepton Flavour Violating (LFV) processes $\mu \to e \gamma$ and $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ are estimated in a model of electroweak-scale right-handed neutrinos. The present bounds on the branching ratios, $B(\mu \to e \gamma)< 1.2 \times 10^{-11}$, $B(\tau \to \mu \gamma) < 6.8 \times 10^{-8}$ (BaBar) and $< 4.5 \times 10^{-8}$ (Belle), puts strong constraints on the parameters of the model. This constraint links low energy rare decay processes to high-energy phenomena (e.g. decay lengths of the mirror charged leptons which are important in the search for the telltale like-sign dilepton events present in the model of electroweak-scale right-handed neutrinos).
hep-ph hep-ex
the lepton flavour violating lfv processes mu to e gamma and tau to mu gamma are estimated in a model of electroweakscale righthanded neutrinos the present bounds on the branching ratios bmu to e gamma 12 times 1011 btau to mu gamma 68 times 108 babar and 45 times 108 belle puts strong constraints on the parameters of the model this constraint links low energy rare decay processes to highenergy phenomena eg decay lengths of the mirror charged leptons which are important in the search for the telltale likesign dilepton events present in the model of electroweakscale righthanded neutrinos
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711.0734
The Optimal Shape of a Javelin
The problem of finding the optimal tapering of a free (non-supported) javelin is described and solved. For the optimal javelin, the lowest mode of vibration has the highest possible frequency. With this tapering inner damping will lead to the cessation of the vibration at the fastest possible rate. The javelin is modeled as a beam of uniform material. The differential equations governing the vibration and the tapering of the beam are derived. These equations have a difficult singularity at the tips of the beam. A procedure using a similarity solution is used to solve this singular system, and the solution is found. The maximal frequency is found to be almost 5 times larger than the frequency of a cylindrical rod.
math-ph math.MP
the problem of finding the optimal tapering of a free nonsupported javelin is described and solved for the optimal javelin the lowest mode of vibration has the highest possible frequency with this tapering inner damping will lead to the cessation of the vibration at the fastest possible rate the javelin is modeled as a beam of uniform material the differential equations governing the vibration and the tapering of the beam are derived these equations have a difficult singularity at the tips of the beam a procedure using a similarity solution is used to solve this singular system and the solution is found the maximal frequency is found to be almost 5 times larger than the frequency of a cylindrical rod
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711.0735
On a Bruhat-like poset
We investigate the poset of strata of a Schubert-like stratification of certain natural compactification of the space of hermitian $n\times n$ matrices. We prove that this poset is a modular ortholattice, we compute its M\"{o}bius function and we describe the topology of its order intervals.
math.CO math.GT
we investigate the poset of strata of a schubertlike stratification of certain natural compactification of the space of hermitian ntimes n matrices we prove that this poset is a modular ortholattice we compute its mobius function and we describe the topology of its order intervals
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711.0736
Toward the AdS/CFT Gravity Dual for High Energy Collisions: II. The Stress Tensor on the Boundary
In this second paper of the series we calculate the stress tensor of excited matter, created by ``debris'' of high energy collisions at the boundary. We found that massive objects (``stones'') falling into the AdS center produce gravitational disturbance which however has $zero$ stress tensor at the boundary. The falling open strings, connected to receeding charges, do produce a nonzero stress tensor which we found analytically from time-dependent linearized Einstein equations in the bulk. It corresponds to exploding non-equilibrium matter: we discuss its behavior in some detail, including its internal energy density in a comoving frame and the ``freezeout surfaces''. We then discuss what happens for the ensemble of strings.
hep-th
in this second paper of the series we calculate the stress tensor of excited matter created by debris of high energy collisions at the boundary we found that massive objects stones falling into the ads center produce gravitational disturbance which however has zero stress tensor at the boundary the falling open strings connected to receeding charges do produce a nonzero stress tensor which we found analytically from timedependent linearized einstein equations in the bulk it corresponds to exploding nonequilibrium matter we discuss its behavior in some detail including its internal energy density in a comoving frame and the freezeout surfaces we then discuss what happens for the ensemble of strings
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711.0737
Exclusive vector meson electroproduction at HERA
The latest results on exclusive vector meson electroproduction from HERA are reviewed. In particular, the new high-statistics measurements of the rho^0 electroproduction are presented and compared to several models.
hep-ex
the latest results on exclusive vector meson electroproduction from hera are reviewed in particular the new highstatistics measurements of the rho0 electroproduction are presented and compared to several models
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711.0738
Finite Temperature Sum Rules in Lattice Gauge Theory
We derive non-perturbative sum rules in SU($N$) lattice gauge theory at finite temperature. They relate the susceptibilities of the trace anomaly and energy-momentum tensor to temperature derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials. Two of them have been derived previously in the continuum and one is new. In all cases, at finite latttice spacing there are important corrections to the continuum sum rules that are only suppressed by the bare coupling $g_0^2$. We also show how the discretization errors affecting the thermodynamic potentials can be controlled by computing these susceptibilities.
hep-lat
we derive nonperturbative sum rules in sun lattice gauge theory at finite temperature they relate the susceptibilities of the trace anomaly and energymomentum tensor to temperature derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials two of them have been derived previously in the continuum and one is new in all cases at finite latttice spacing there are important corrections to the continuum sum rules that are only suppressed by the bare coupling g_02 we also show how the discretization errors affecting the thermodynamic potentials can be controlled by computing these susceptibilities
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711.0739
Conditions for magnetically induced singlet d-wave superconductivity on the square lattice
It is expected that at weak to intermediate coupling, d-wave superconductivity can be induced by antiferromagnetic fluctuations. However, one needs to clarify the role of Fermi surface topology, density of states, pseudogap, and wave vector of the magnetic fluctuations on the nature and strength of the induced d-wave state. To this end, we study the generalized phase diagram of the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model as a function of interaction strength $U/t$, frustration induced by second-order hopping $t^{\prime}/t$, and temperature $T/t$. In experiment, $U/t$ and $t^{\prime}/t$ can be controlled by pressure. We use the two-particle self-consistent approach (TPSC), valid from weak to intermediate coupling. We first calculate as a function of $t^{\prime}/t$ and $U/t$ the temperature and wave vector at which the spin response function begins to grow exponentially.D-wave superconductivity in a half-filled band can be induced by such magnetic fluctuations at weak to intermediate coupling, but only if they are near commensurate wave vectors and not too close to perfect nesting conditions where the pseudogap becomes detrimental to superconductivity. For given $U/t$ there is thus an optimal value of frustration $t^{\prime}/t$ where the superconducting $T_c$ is maximum. The non-interacting density of states plays little role. The symmetry d$_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ vs d$_{xy}$ of the superconducting order parameter depends on the wave vector of the underlying magnetic fluctuations in a way that can be understood qualitatively from simple arguments.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
it is expected that at weak to intermediate coupling dwave superconductivity can be induced by antiferromagnetic fluctuations however one needs to clarify the role of fermi surface topology density of states pseudogap and wave vector of the magnetic fluctuations on the nature and strength of the induced dwave state to this end we study the generalized phase diagram of the twodimensional halffilled hubbard model as a function of interaction strength ut frustration induced by secondorder hopping tprimet and temperature tt in experiment ut and tprimet can be controlled by pressure we use the twoparticle selfconsistent approach tpsc valid from weak to intermediate coupling we first calculate as a function of tprimet and ut the temperature and wave vector at which the spin response function begins to grow exponentiallydwave superconductivity in a halffilled band can be induced by such magnetic fluctuations at weak to intermediate coupling but only if they are near commensurate wave vectors and not too close to perfect nesting conditions where the pseudogap becomes detrimental to superconductivity for given ut there is thus an optimal value of frustration tprimet where the superconducting t_c is maximum the noninteracting density of states plays little role the symmetry d_x2y2 vs d_xy of the superconducting order parameter depends on the wave vector of the underlying magnetic fluctuations in a way that can be understood qualitatively from simple arguments
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711.074
Generalization of Eight Methods for Determining R in the Ideal Gas Law
The ideal gas law of physics and chemistry says that PV = nRT. This law is a statement of the relationship between four variables (P, V, n, and T) that reflect properties of a quantity of gas in a container. The law enables us to make accurate predictions of the value of any one of the four variables from the values of the other three. The symbol R (called the "molar gas constant") is the sole parameter or constant of the law. R stands for a fixed number that has been shown through experiments to equal approximately 8.314472. Eight methods are available to analyze the data from a relevant experiment to determine the value of R. These methods are specific instances of eight general methods that scientists use to determine the value(s) of the parameter(s) of a model equation of a relationship between variables. Parameter estimation is one step in the study of a relationship between variables.
physics.data-an
the ideal gas law of physics and chemistry says that pv nrt this law is a statement of the relationship between four variables p v n and t that reflect properties of a quantity of gas in a container the law enables us to make accurate predictions of the value of any one of the four variables from the values of the other three the symbol r called the molar gas constant is the sole parameter or constant of the law r stands for a fixed number that has been shown through experiments to equal approximately 8314472 eight methods are available to analyze the data from a relevant experiment to determine the value of r these methods are specific instances of eight general methods that scientists use to determine the values of the parameters of a model equation of a relationship between variables parameter estimation is one step in the study of a relationship between variables
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711.0741
Modeling Human Dynamics with Adaptive Interest
Recently, increasing empirical evidence indicates the extensive existence of heavy tails in the interevent time distributions of various human behaviors. Based on the queuing theory, the Barab\'asi model and its variations suggest the highest-priority-first protocol a potential origin of those heavy tails. However, some human activity patterns, also displaying the heavy-tailed temporal statistics, could not be explained by a task-based mechanism. In this paper, different from the mainstream, we propose an interest-based model. Both the simulation and analysis indicate a power-law interevent time distribution with exponent -1, which is in accordance with some empirical observations in human-initiated systems.
physics.soc-ph
recently increasing empirical evidence indicates the extensive existence of heavy tails in the interevent time distributions of various human behaviors based on the queuing theory the barabasi model and its variations suggest the highestpriorityfirst protocol a potential origin of those heavy tails however some human activity patterns also displaying the heavytailed temporal statistics could not be explained by a taskbased mechanism in this paper different from the mainstream we propose an interestbased model both the simulation and analysis indicate a powerlaw interevent time distribution with exponent 1 which is in accordance with some empirical observations in humaninitiated systems
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711.0742
Optical flares from the faint mid-dM star 2MASS J00453911+4140396
We present $B$ and $V$ light curves of a large stellar flare obtained with the Wide Field Camera at the Isaac Newton 2.5-m telescope (La Palma). The source object is a faint ($m_V=21.38$) foreground star in the field of the Andromeda galaxy, with its most probable spectral type being dM4. We provide an estimate of the total flare energy in the optical range and find it to be of the order of $10^{35}$ erg. The cooling phase of the large flare shows three additional weak flare-like events, which we interpret as results of a triggering mechanism also observed on the Sun during large coronal mass ejections.
astro-ph
we present b and v light curves of a large stellar flare obtained with the wide field camera at the isaac newton 25m telescope la palma the source object is a faint m_v2138 foreground star in the field of the andromeda galaxy with its most probable spectral type being dm4 we provide an estimate of the total flare energy in the optical range and find it to be of the order of 1035 erg the cooling phase of the large flare shows three additional weak flarelike events which we interpret as results of a triggering mechanism also observed on the sun during large coronal mass ejections
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711.0743
Gravitational Wave Sirens as a Triple Probe of Dark Energy
Gravitational wave standard sirens have been considered as precision distance indicators to high redshift; however, at high redshift standard sirens or standard candles such as supernovae suffer from lensing noise. We investigate lensing noise as a signal instead and show how measurements of the maximum demagnification (minimum convergence) probe cosmology in a highly complementary manner to the distance itself. Revisiting the original form for minimum convergence we quantify the bias arising from the commonly used approximation. Furthermore, after presenting a new lensing probability function we discuss how the width of the lensed standard siren amplitude distribution also probes growth of structure. Thus standard sirens and candles can serve as triple probes of dark energy, measuring both the cosmic expansion history and growth history.
astro-ph gr-qc
gravitational wave standard sirens have been considered as precision distance indicators to high redshift however at high redshift standard sirens or standard candles such as supernovae suffer from lensing noise we investigate lensing noise as a signal instead and show how measurements of the maximum demagnification minimum convergence probe cosmology in a highly complementary manner to the distance itself revisiting the original form for minimum convergence we quantify the bias arising from the commonly used approximation furthermore after presenting a new lensing probability function we discuss how the width of the lensed standard siren amplitude distribution also probes growth of structure thus standard sirens and candles can serve as triple probes of dark energy measuring both the cosmic expansion history and growth history
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711.0744
Relaxing neutrino mass bounds by a running cosmological constant
We establish an indirect link between relic neutrinos and the dark energy sector which originates from the vacuum energy contributions of the neutrino quantum fields. Via renormalization group effects they induce a running of the cosmological constant with time which dynamically influences the evolution of the cosmic neutrino background. We demonstrate that the resulting reduction of the relic neutrino abundance allows to largely evade current cosmological neutrino mass bounds and discuss how the scenario might be probed by the help of future large scale structure surveys and Planck data.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph
we establish an indirect link between relic neutrinos and the dark energy sector which originates from the vacuum energy contributions of the neutrino quantum fields via renormalization group effects they induce a running of the cosmological constant with time which dynamically influences the evolution of the cosmic neutrino background we demonstrate that the resulting reduction of the relic neutrino abundance allows to largely evade current cosmological neutrino mass bounds and discuss how the scenario might be probed by the help of future large scale structure surveys and planck data
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711.0745
Radiography of the Earth's Core and Mantle with Atmospheric Neutrinos
A measurement of the absorption of neutrinos with energies in excess of 10 TeV when traversing the Earth is capable of revealing its density distribution. Unfortunately, the existence of beams with sufficient luminosity for the task has been ruled out by the AMANDA South Pole neutrino telescope. In this letter we point out that, with the advent of second-generation kilometer-scale neutrino detectors, the idea of studying the internal structure of the Earth may be revived using atmospheric neutrinos instead.
hep-ph astro-ph physics.geo-ph
a measurement of the absorption of neutrinos with energies in excess of 10 tev when traversing the earth is capable of revealing its density distribution unfortunately the existence of beams with sufficient luminosity for the task has been ruled out by the amanda south pole neutrino telescope in this letter we point out that with the advent of secondgeneration kilometerscale neutrino detectors the idea of studying the internal structure of the earth may be revived using atmospheric neutrinos instead
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711.0746
The redshift dependence of the structure of massive LCDM halos
(Abridged) We use two very large cosmological simulations to study how the density profiles of relaxed LCDM dark halos depend on redshift and on halo mass. We confirm that these profiles deviate slightly but systematically from the NFW form and are better approximated by the empirical formula, $d\log \rho/d\log r \propto r^{\alpha}$, first used by Einasto to fit star counts in the Milky Way. The best-fit value of the additional shape parameter, $\alpha$, increases gradually with mass, from alpha ~ 0.16 for present-day galaxy halos to alpha~ 0.3 for the rarest and most massive clusters. Halo concentrations depend only weakly on mass at z=0, and this dependence weakens further at earlier times. At z ~3 the average concentration of relaxed halos does not vary appreciably over the mass range accessible to our simulations (M >=3e11Msun). Furthermore, in our biggest simulation, the average concentration of the most massive}, relaxed halos is constant at c200 ~3.5 to 4 for 0<=z<= 3. These results have important implications for currently planned surveys of distant clusters.
astro-ph
abridged we use two very large cosmological simulations to study how the density profiles of relaxed lcdm dark halos depend on redshift and on halo mass we confirm that these profiles deviate slightly but systematically from the nfw form and are better approximated by the empirical formula dlog rhodlog r propto ralpha first used by einasto to fit star counts in the milky way the bestfit value of the additional shape parameter alpha increases gradually with mass from alpha 016 for presentday galaxy halos to alpha 03 for the rarest and most massive clusters halo concentrations depend only weakly on mass at z0 and this dependence weakens further at earlier times at z 3 the average concentration of relaxed halos does not vary appreciably over the mass range accessible to our simulations m 3e11msun furthermore in our biggest simulation the average concentration of the most massive relaxed halos is constant at c200 35 to 4 for 0z 3 these results have important implications for currently planned surveys of distant clusters
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711.0747
B-modes from Cosmic Strings
Detecting the parity-odd, or B-mode, polarization pattern in the cosmic microwave background radiation due to primordial gravity waves is considered to be the final observational key to confirming the inflationary paradigm. The search for viable models of inflation from particle physics and string theory has (re)discovered another source for B-modes: cosmic strings. Strings naturally generate as much vector mode perturbation as they do scalar, producing B-mode polarization with a spectrum distinct from that expected from inflation itself. In a large set of models, B-modes arising from cosmic strings are more prominent than those expected from primordial gravity waves. In light of this, we study the physical underpinnings of string-sourced B-modes and the model dependence of the amplitude and shape of the $C_l^{BB}$ power spectrum. Observational detection of a string-sourced B-mode spectrum would be a direct probe of post-inflationary physics near the GUT scale. Conversely, non-detection would put an upper limit on a possible cosmic string tension of G\mu < 10^{-7} within the next three years.
astro-ph hep-ph hep-th
detecting the parityodd or bmode polarization pattern in the cosmic microwave background radiation due to primordial gravity waves is considered to be the final observational key to confirming the inflationary paradigm the search for viable models of inflation from particle physics and string theory has rediscovered another source for bmodes cosmic strings strings naturally generate as much vector mode perturbation as they do scalar producing bmode polarization with a spectrum distinct from that expected from inflation itself in a large set of models bmodes arising from cosmic strings are more prominent than those expected from primordial gravity waves in light of this we study the physical underpinnings of stringsourced bmodes and the model dependence of the amplitude and shape of the c_lbb power spectrum observational detection of a stringsourced bmode spectrum would be a direct probe of postinflationary physics near the gut scale conversely nondetection would put an upper limit on a possible cosmic string tension of gmu 107 within the next three years
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711.0748
Finite temperature SU(2) gauge theory: critical coupling and universality class
We examine SU(2) gauge theory in 3+1 dimensions at finite temperature in the vicinity of critical point. For various lattice sizes in time direction ($N_\tau=1,2,4,8$) we extract high precision values of the inverse critical coupling and critical values of the 4-th order cumulant of Polyakov loops (Binder cumulant). We check the universality class of the theory by comparing the cumulant values to that of the 3D Ising model and find very good agreement. The Polyakov loop correlators for the indicated lattices are also measured and the string tension values extracted. The high precision values of critical coupling and string tension allow us to study the scaling of dimensionless $T_c/\sqrt{\sigma}$ ratio. The violation of scaling by <10% is observed as the coupling is varied from weak to strong coupling regime.
hep-lat
we examine su2 gauge theory in 31 dimensions at finite temperature in the vicinity of critical point for various lattice sizes in time direction n_tau1248 we extract high precision values of the inverse critical coupling and critical values of the 4th order cumulant of polyakov loops binder cumulant we check the universality class of the theory by comparing the cumulant values to that of the 3d ising model and find very good agreement the polyakov loop correlators for the indicated lattices are also measured and the string tension values extracted the high precision values of critical coupling and string tension allow us to study the scaling of dimensionless t_csqrtsigma ratio the violation of scaling by 10 is observed as the coupling is varied from weak to strong coupling regime
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711.0749
Precision predictions for Z'-production at the CERN LHC: QCD matrix elements, parton showers, and joint resummation
We improve the theoretical predictions for the production of extra neutral gauge bosons at hadron colliders by implementing the Z' bosons in the MC@NLO generator and by computing their differential and total cross sections in joint p_T and threshold resummation. The two improved predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with each other for mass spectra, p_T spectra, and total cross sections, while the PYTHIA parton and ``power'' shower predictions usually employed for experimental analyses show significant shortcomings both in normalization and shape. The theoretical uncertainties from scale and parton density variations and non-perturbative effects are found to be 9%, 8%, and less than 5%, respectively, and thus under good control. The implementation of our improved predictions in terms of the new MC@NLO generator or resummed K factors in the analysis chains of the Tevatron and LHC experiments should be straightforward and lead to more precise determinations or limits of the Z' boson masses and/or couplings.
hep-ph hep-ex
we improve the theoretical predictions for the production of extra neutral gauge bosons at hadron colliders by implementing the z bosons in the mcnlo generator and by computing their differential and total cross sections in joint p_t and threshold resummation the two improved predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with each other for mass spectra p_t spectra and total cross sections while the pythia parton and power shower predictions usually employed for experimental analyses show significant shortcomings both in normalization and shape the theoretical uncertainties from scale and parton density variations and nonperturbative effects are found to be 9 8 and less than 5 respectively and thus under good control the implementation of our improved predictions in terms of the new mcnlo generator or resummed k factors in the analysis chains of the tevatron and lhc experiments should be straightforward and lead to more precise determinations or limits of the z boson masses andor couplings
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711.075
Gravitational lensing by the supermassive black hole in the center of M31
We examine the possibility of observing gravitational lensing in the weak deflection regime by the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy M31. This black hole is significantly more massive than the black hole in the center of our Galaxy qualifying itself as a more effective lens. However, it is also more distant and the candidate stellar sources appear consequently fainter. As potential sources we separately consider stars belonging to the bulge, to the disk, to the triple nucleus formed by P1+P2 and by the recently discovered inner cluster P3. We calculate the number of simultaneously lensed stars at a given time as a function of the threshold magnitude required for the secondary image. For observations in the K-band we find 1.4 expected stars having secondary images brighter than K=24 and 182 brighter than K=30. For observations in the V-band we expect 1.3 secondary images brighter than V=27 and 271 brighter than V=33. The bulge stars have the highest chance to be lensed by the supermassive black hole, whereas the disk and the composite nucleus stars contribute by 10% each. The typical angular separation of the secondary images from the black hole range from 1 mas to 0.1''. For each population we also show the distribution of the lensed sources as a function of their distance and absolute magnitude, the expected angular positions and velocities of the generated secondary images, the rate and the typical duration of the lensing events.
astro-ph gr-qc
we examine the possibility of observing gravitational lensing in the weak deflection regime by the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy m31 this black hole is significantly more massive than the black hole in the center of our galaxy qualifying itself as a more effective lens however it is also more distant and the candidate stellar sources appear consequently fainter as potential sources we separately consider stars belonging to the bulge to the disk to the triple nucleus formed by p1p2 and by the recently discovered inner cluster p3 we calculate the number of simultaneously lensed stars at a given time as a function of the threshold magnitude required for the secondary image for observations in the kband we find 14 expected stars having secondary images brighter than k24 and 182 brighter than k30 for observations in the vband we expect 13 secondary images brighter than v27 and 271 brighter than v33 the bulge stars have the highest chance to be lensed by the supermassive black hole whereas the disk and the composite nucleus stars contribute by 10 each the typical angular separation of the secondary images from the black hole range from 1 mas to 01 for each population we also show the distribution of the lensed sources as a function of their distance and absolute magnitude the expected angular positions and velocities of the generated secondary images the rate and the typical duration of the lensing events
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711.0751
Inhomogeneous Helium Reionization and the Equation of State of the Intergalactic Medium
The temperature of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is set by the competition between photoheating and adiabatic cooling, which are usually assumed to define a tight equation of state in which the temperature increases monotonically with density. We use a semi-analytic model, accurate at low to moderate IGM densities (<5 times the mean), to show that inhomogeneous reionization can substantially modify these expectations. Because reionization is driven by biased sources, dense pockets of the IGM are likely to be ionized first. As a result, voids initially remain cool while dense regions are heated substantially. However, near the end of reionization, dense regions have already cooled from their initially large temperature while voids have only just been heated. Thus, near the end of helium reionization the equation of state can invert itself, with the hottest gas inside voids. The degree to which this happens depends on the magnitude of the density bias during reionization: if rare, bright sources dominate reionization, so that each ionized region contains a typical volume of the IGM, the equation of state will remain monotonic. We also show that the distribution of temperatures at a fixed density has significant scatter and evolves rapidly throughout and even after reionization. Finally, we show that the observed temperature jump at z ~3.2 is consistent with the behavior at the end of helium reionization, although it requires a somewhat larger temperature increase than expected.
astro-ph
the temperature of the intergalactic medium igm is set by the competition between photoheating and adiabatic cooling which are usually assumed to define a tight equation of state in which the temperature increases monotonically with density we use a semianalytic model accurate at low to moderate igm densities 5 times the mean to show that inhomogeneous reionization can substantially modify these expectations because reionization is driven by biased sources dense pockets of the igm are likely to be ionized first as a result voids initially remain cool while dense regions are heated substantially however near the end of reionization dense regions have already cooled from their initially large temperature while voids have only just been heated thus near the end of helium reionization the equation of state can invert itself with the hottest gas inside voids the degree to which this happens depends on the magnitude of the density bias during reionization if rare bright sources dominate reionization so that each ionized region contains a typical volume of the igm the equation of state will remain monotonic we also show that the distribution of temperatures at a fixed density has significant scatter and evolves rapidly throughout and even after reionization finally we show that the observed temperature jump at z 32 is consistent with the behavior at the end of helium reionization although it requires a somewhat larger temperature increase than expected
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711.0752
Dynamical dimer correlations at bipartite and non-bipartite Rokhsar-Kivelson points
We determine the dynamical dimer correlation functions of quantum dimer models at the Rokhsar-Kivelson point on the bipartite square and cubic lattices and the non-bipartite triangular lattice. Based on an algorithmic idea by Henley, we simulate a stochastic process of classical dimer configurations in continuous time and perform a stochastic analytical continuation to obtain the dynamical correlations in momentum space and the frequency domain. This approach allows us to observe directly the dispersion relations and the evolution of the spectral intensity within the Brillouin zone beyond the single-mode approximation. On the square lattice, we confirm analytical predictions related to soft modes close to the wavevectors (pi,pi) and (pi,0) and further reveal the existence of shadow bands close to the wavevector (0,0). On the cubic lattice the spectrum is also gapless but here only a single soft mode at (pi,pi,pi) is found, as predicted by the single mode approximation. The soft mode has a quadratic dispersion at very long wavelength, but crosses over to a linear behavior very rapidly. We believe this to be the remnant of the linearly dispersing "photon" of the Coulomb phase. Finally the triangular lattice is in a fully gapped liquid phase where the bottom of the dimer spectrum exhibits a rich structure. At the M point the gap is minimal and the spectral response is dominated by a sharp quasiparticle peak. On the other hand, at the X point the spectral function is much broader. We sketch a possible explanation based on the crossing of the coherent dimer excitations into the two-vison continuum.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el
we determine the dynamical dimer correlation functions of quantum dimer models at the rokhsarkivelson point on the bipartite square and cubic lattices and the nonbipartite triangular lattice based on an algorithmic idea by henley we simulate a stochastic process of classical dimer configurations in continuous time and perform a stochastic analytical continuation to obtain the dynamical correlations in momentum space and the frequency domain this approach allows us to observe directly the dispersion relations and the evolution of the spectral intensity within the brillouin zone beyond the singlemode approximation on the square lattice we confirm analytical predictions related to soft modes close to the wavevectors pipi and pi0 and further reveal the existence of shadow bands close to the wavevector 00 on the cubic lattice the spectrum is also gapless but here only a single soft mode at pipipi is found as predicted by the single mode approximation the soft mode has a quadratic dispersion at very long wavelength but crosses over to a linear behavior very rapidly we believe this to be the remnant of the linearly dispersing photon of the coulomb phase finally the triangular lattice is in a fully gapped liquid phase where the bottom of the dimer spectrum exhibits a rich structure at the m point the gap is minimal and the spectral response is dominated by a sharp quasiparticle peak on the other hand at the x point the spectral function is much broader we sketch a possible explanation based on the crossing of the coherent dimer excitations into the twovison continuum
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711.0753
Superintegrable systems with spin in two- and three-dimensional Euclidean spaces
The concept of superintegrability in quantum mechanics is extended to the case of a particle with spin s=1/2 interacting with one of spin s=0. Non-trivial superintegrable systems with 8- and 9-dimensional Lie algebras of first-order integrals of motion are constructed in two- and three-dimensional spaces, respectively.
math-ph math.MP
the concept of superintegrability in quantum mechanics is extended to the case of a particle with spin s12 interacting with one of spin s0 nontrivial superintegrable systems with 8 and 9dimensional lie algebras of firstorder integrals of motion are constructed in two and threedimensional spaces respectively
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711.0754
Acoustic phonon scattering limited carrier mobility in 2D extrinsic graphene
We theoretically calculate the phonon scattering limited electron mobility in extrinsic (i.e. gated or doped with a tunable and finite carrier density) 2D graphene layers as a function of temperature $(T)$ and carrier density $(n)$. We find a temperature dependent phonon-limited resistivity $\rho_{ph}(T)$ to be linear in temperature for $T\agt 50 K$ with the room temperature intrinsic mobility reaching values above $10^5$ cm$^2/Vs$. We comment on the low-temperature Bloch-Gr\"{u}neisen behavior where $\rho_{ph}(T) \sim T^4$ for unscreened electron-phonon coupling.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we theoretically calculate the phonon scattering limited electron mobility in extrinsic ie gated or doped with a tunable and finite carrier density 2d graphene layers as a function of temperature t and carrier density n we find a temperature dependent phononlimited resistivity rho_pht to be linear in temperature for tagt 50 k with the room temperature intrinsic mobility reaching values above 105 cm2vs we comment on the lowtemperature blochgruneisen behavior where rho_pht sim t4 for unscreened electronphonon coupling
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711.0755
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering with CLAS
The beam spin asymmetries of the reaction ep -> epg in the Bjorken regime were measured over a wide kinematical domain using the CLAS detector and a new lead-tungstate calorimeter. Through the interference of the Bethe-Heitler process with Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering, those asymmetries provide constraints for the nucleon Generalized Parton Distributions models. The observed shapes are in agreement with twist-2 dominance predictions.
hep-ph
the beam spin asymmetries of the reaction ep epg in the bjorken regime were measured over a wide kinematical domain using the clas detector and a new leadtungstate calorimeter through the interference of the betheheitler process with deeply virtual compton scattering those asymmetries provide constraints for the nucleon generalized parton distributions models the observed shapes are in agreement with twist2 dominance predictions
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711.0756
Dirac neutrinos and anomaly-free discrete gauge symmetries
Relying on Dirac neutrinos allows an infinity of anomaly-free discrete gauge symmetries to be imposed on the Supersymmetric Standard Model, some of which are GUT-compatible.
hep-ph hep-th
relying on dirac neutrinos allows an infinity of anomalyfree discrete gauge symmetries to be imposed on the supersymmetric standard model some of which are gutcompatible
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711.0757
Universal quantum mechanics
If gravity respects quantum mechanics, it is important to identify the essential postulates of a quantum framework capable of incorporating gravitational phenomena. Such a construct likely requires elimination or modification of some of the "standard" postulates of quantum mechanics, in particular those involving time and measurement. This paper proposes a framework that appears sufficiently general to incorporate some expected features of quantum gravity. These include the statement that space and time may only emerge approximately and relationally. One perspective on such a framework is as a sort of generalization of the S-matrix approach to dynamics. Within this framework, more dynamical structure is required to fully specify a theory; this structure is expected to lack some of the elements of local quantum field theory. Some aspects of this structure are discussed, both in the context of scattering of perturbations about a flat background, and in the context of cosmology.
quant-ph gr-qc hep-th
if gravity respects quantum mechanics it is important to identify the essential postulates of a quantum framework capable of incorporating gravitational phenomena such a construct likely requires elimination or modification of some of the standard postulates of quantum mechanics in particular those involving time and measurement this paper proposes a framework that appears sufficiently general to incorporate some expected features of quantum gravity these include the statement that space and time may only emerge approximately and relationally one perspective on such a framework is as a sort of generalization of the smatrix approach to dynamics within this framework more dynamical structure is required to fully specify a theory this structure is expected to lack some of the elements of local quantum field theory some aspects of this structure are discussed both in the context of scattering of perturbations about a flat background and in the context of cosmology
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711.0758
Low density ferromagnetism in biased bilayer graphene
We compute the phase diagram of a biased graphene bilayer. The existence of a ferromagnetic phase is discussed with respect both to carrier density and temperature. We find that the ferromagnetic transition is first order, lowering the value of $U$ relatively to the usual Stoner criterion. We show that in the ferromagnetic phase the two planes have unequal magnetization and that the electronic density is hole like in one plane and electron like in the other.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we compute the phase diagram of a biased graphene bilayer the existence of a ferromagnetic phase is discussed with respect both to carrier density and temperature we find that the ferromagnetic transition is first order lowering the value of u relatively to the usual stoner criterion we show that in the ferromagnetic phase the two planes have unequal magnetization and that the electronic density is hole like in one plane and electron like in the other
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711.0759
Self-gravitating fragmentation of eccentric accretion disks
We consider the effects of eccentricity on the fragmentation of gravitationally unstable accretion disks, using numerical hydrodynamics. We find that eccentricity does not affect the overall stability of the disk against fragmentation, but significantly alters the manner in which such fragments accrete gas. Variable tidal forces around an eccentric orbit slow the accretion process, and suppress the formation of weakly-bound clumps. The "stellar" mass function resulting from the fragmentation of an eccentric disk is found to have a significantly higher characteristic mass than that from a corresponding circular disk. We discuss our results in terms of the disk(s) of massive stars at ~0.1pc from the Galactic Center, and find that the fragmentation of an eccentric accretion disk, due to gravitational instability, is a viable mechanism for the formation of these systems.
astro-ph
we consider the effects of eccentricity on the fragmentation of gravitationally unstable accretion disks using numerical hydrodynamics we find that eccentricity does not affect the overall stability of the disk against fragmentation but significantly alters the manner in which such fragments accrete gas variable tidal forces around an eccentric orbit slow the accretion process and suppress the formation of weaklybound clumps the stellar mass function resulting from the fragmentation of an eccentric disk is found to have a significantly higher characteristic mass than that from a corresponding circular disk we discuss our results in terms of the disks of massive stars at 01pc from the galactic center and find that the fragmentation of an eccentric accretion disk due to gravitational instability is a viable mechanism for the formation of these systems
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711.076
DBI N-flation
We investigate DBI inflation using $N$ multiple branes and show how the configuration is equivalent to a single wrapped $D5$-brane with flux. We then show how 1/N corrections can be implemented, and we examine the sound speed and levels of non-Gaussianities in two distinct cases. For models with constant warping we find that the non-Gaussian amplitude is bounded from above (as a function of $\gamma$). For $AdS$ backgrounds we find that the signature is generally large and positive, although is no longer globally defined over the full phase space. We then investigate an inflationary mechanism using a representation cascade, whereby the transition from a reducible representation to the irrep drives inflation.
hep-th astro-ph
we investigate dbi inflation using n multiple branes and show how the configuration is equivalent to a single wrapped d5brane with flux we then show how 1n corrections can be implemented and we examine the sound speed and levels of nongaussianities in two distinct cases for models with constant warping we find that the nongaussian amplitude is bounded from above as a function of gamma for ads backgrounds we find that the signature is generally large and positive although is no longer globally defined over the full phase space we then investigate an inflationary mechanism using a representation cascade whereby the transition from a reducible representation to the irrep drives inflation
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711.0761
Zero Lag Synchronization of Mutually Coupled Lasers in the Presence of Delays
We consider a line of three mutually coupled lasers with time delays and study chaotic synchronization of the outer lasers. Two different systems are presented: optoelectronically coupled semiconductor lasers and optically coupled fiber lasers. While the dynamics of the two systems are very different, robust synchronization of end lasers is obtained in both cases over a range of parameters. Here, we present analysis and numerical simulation to explain some of the observed synchronization phenomena. First, we introduce the system of three coupled semiconductor lasers and discuss the onset of oscillations that occurs via a bifurcation as the coupling strength increases. Next, we analyze the synchronization of the end lasers by examining the dynamics transverse to synchronized state. We prove that chaotic synchronization of the outer semiconductor lasers will occur for sufficiently long delays, and we make a comparison to generalized synchronization in driven dissipative systems. It is shown that the stability of synchronous state (as indicated by negative Lyupunov exponents transverse to the synchronization manifold) depends on the internal dissipation of the outer lasers. We next present numerical simulations for three coupled fiber lasers, highlighting some of the differences between the semiconductor and fiber laser systems. Due to the large number of coupled modes in fiber lasers, this is a good system for investigating spatio-temporal chaos. Stochastic noise is included in the fiber laser model, and synchrony of the outer lasers is observed even at very small coupling strengths.
nlin.CD
we consider a line of three mutually coupled lasers with time delays and study chaotic synchronization of the outer lasers two different systems are presented optoelectronically coupled semiconductor lasers and optically coupled fiber lasers while the dynamics of the two systems are very different robust synchronization of end lasers is obtained in both cases over a range of parameters here we present analysis and numerical simulation to explain some of the observed synchronization phenomena first we introduce the system of three coupled semiconductor lasers and discuss the onset of oscillations that occurs via a bifurcation as the coupling strength increases next we analyze the synchronization of the end lasers by examining the dynamics transverse to synchronized state we prove that chaotic synchronization of the outer semiconductor lasers will occur for sufficiently long delays and we make a comparison to generalized synchronization in driven dissipative systems it is shown that the stability of synchronous state as indicated by negative lyupunov exponents transverse to the synchronization manifold depends on the internal dissipation of the outer lasers we next present numerical simulations for three coupled fiber lasers highlighting some of the differences between the semiconductor and fiber laser systems due to the large number of coupled modes in fiber lasers this is a good system for investigating spatiotemporal chaos stochastic noise is included in the fiber laser model and synchrony of the outer lasers is observed even at very small coupling strengths
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711.0762
The decay of excited He from Stochastic Density-Functional Theory: a quantum measurement theory interpretation
Recently, time-dependent current-density functional theory has been extended to include the dynamical interaction of quantum systems with external environments [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 98}, 226403 (2007)]. Here we show that such a theory allows us to study a fundamentally important class of phenomena previously inaccessible by standard density-functional methods: the decay of excited systems. As an example we study the decay of an ensemble of excited He atoms, and discuss these results in the context of quantum measurement theory.
cond-mat.other
recently timedependent currentdensity functional theory has been extended to include the dynamical interaction of quantum systems with external environments phys rev lett bf 98 226403 2007 here we show that such a theory allows us to study a fundamentally important class of phenomena previously inaccessible by standard densityfunctional methods the decay of excited systems as an example we study the decay of an ensemble of excited he atoms and discuss these results in the context of quantum measurement theory
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711.0763
Nested Hilbert schemes and the nested q,t-Catalan series
In this paper we study the tangent spaces of the smooth nested Hilbert scheme $ Hil{n,n-1}$ of points in the plane, and give a general formula for computing the Euler characteristic of a $\TT^2$-equivariant locally free sheaf on $\Hil{n,n-1}$. Applying our result to a particular sheaf, we conjecture that the result is a polynomial in the variables $q$ and $t$ with non-negative integer coefficients . We call this conjecturally positive polynomial as \textsl{the nested $q,t$-Cat alan series}, for it has many conjectural properties similar to that of the $q,t $-Catalan series.
math.AG math.CO
in this paper we study the tangent spaces of the smooth nested hilbert scheme hilnn1 of points in the plane and give a general formula for computing the euler characteristic of a tt2equivariant locally free sheaf on hilnn1 applying our result to a particular sheaf we conjecture that the result is a polynomial in the variables q and t with nonnegative integer coefficients we call this conjecturally positive polynomial as textslthe nested qtcat alan series for it has many conjectural properties similar to that of the qt catalan series
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711.0764
X-ray Observations of Galaxies: The Importance of Deep High-Resolution Observations
X-ray observations of galaxies have grown from a curiosity into a full-fledged field of astronomy. These observations provide unique information on black holes, binary stars, and the hot phase of the ISM, which can be used to constrain the chemical evolution of the Universe, and the joint evolution of galaxies and massive black holes. These exciting results are due in large part to the high-resolution capability of {\it Chandra}. To follow on {\it Chandra} and push forward this science past the present capabilities, our community must build a high-resolution (sub-arcsecond) large-area (several square meters) X-ray telescope.
astro-ph
xray observations of galaxies have grown from a curiosity into a fullfledged field of astronomy these observations provide unique information on black holes binary stars and the hot phase of the ism which can be used to constrain the chemical evolution of the universe and the joint evolution of galaxies and massive black holes these exciting results are due in large part to the highresolution capability of it chandra to follow on it chandra and push forward this science past the present capabilities our community must build a highresolution subarcsecond largearea several square meters xray telescope
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711.0765
Arrangements of curves and algebraic surfaces
We prove a strong relation between Chern and log Chern invariants of algebraic surfaces. For a given arrangement of curves, we find nonsingular projective surfaces with Chern ratio arbitrarily close to the log Chern ratio of the log surface defined by the arrangement. Our method is based on sequences of random p-th root covers, which exploit a certain large scale behavior of Dedekind sums and lengths of continued fractions. We show that randomness is necessary for our asymptotic result, providing another instance of "randomness implies optimal". As an application over the complex numbers, we construct nonsingular simply connected projective surfaces of general type with large Chern ratio. In particular, we improve the Persson-Peters-Xiao record for Chern ratios of such surfaces.
math.AG math.NT
we prove a strong relation between chern and log chern invariants of algebraic surfaces for a given arrangement of curves we find nonsingular projective surfaces with chern ratio arbitrarily close to the log chern ratio of the log surface defined by the arrangement our method is based on sequences of random pth root covers which exploit a certain large scale behavior of dedekind sums and lengths of continued fractions we show that randomness is necessary for our asymptotic result providing another instance of randomness implies optimal as an application over the complex numbers we construct nonsingular simply connected projective surfaces of general type with large chern ratio in particular we improve the perssonpetersxiao record for chern ratios of such surfaces
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711.0766
Rigidity of polyhedral surfaces, II
We study the rigidity of polyhedral surfaces using variational principle. The action functionals are derived from the cosine laws. The main focus of this paper is on the cosine law for a non-triangular region bounded by three possibly disjoint geodesics. Several of these cosine laws were first discovered and used by Fenchel and Nielsen. By studying the derivative of the cosine laws, we discover a uniform approach on several variational principles on polyhedral surfaces with or without boundary. As a consequence, the work of Penner, Bobenko-Springborn and Thurston on rigidity of polyhedral surfaces and circle patterns are extended to a very general context.
math.GT math.DG
we study the rigidity of polyhedral surfaces using variational principle the action functionals are derived from the cosine laws the main focus of this paper is on the cosine law for a nontriangular region bounded by three possibly disjoint geodesics several of these cosine laws were first discovered and used by fenchel and nielsen by studying the derivative of the cosine laws we discover a uniform approach on several variational principles on polyhedral surfaces with or without boundary as a consequence the work of penner bobenkospringborn and thurston on rigidity of polyhedral surfaces and circle patterns are extended to a very general context
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711.0767
Boron Fullerenes: A First-Principles Study
A family of unusually stable boron cages was identified and examined using first-principles local density functional method. The structure of the fullerenes is similar to that of the B12 icosahedron and consists of six crossing double-rings. The energetically most stable fullerene is made up of 180 boron atoms. A connection between the fullerene family and its precursors, boron sheets, is made. We show that the most stable boron sheets are not necessarily precursors of very stable boron cages. Our finding is a step forward in the understanding of the structure of the recently produced boron nanotubes.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
a family of unusually stable boron cages was identified and examined using firstprinciples local density functional method the structure of the fullerenes is similar to that of the b12 icosahedron and consists of six crossing doublerings the energetically most stable fullerene is made up of 180 boron atoms a connection between the fullerene family and its precursors boron sheets is made we show that the most stable boron sheets are not necessarily precursors of very stable boron cages our finding is a step forward in the understanding of the structure of the recently produced boron nanotubes
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711.0768
Polarization-anisotropy induced spatial anisotropy of polariton amplification in planar semiconductor microcavities
Based on a microscopic many-particle theory we investigate the amplification of polaritons in planar semiconductor microcavities. We study a spatially perfectly isotropic microcavity system and excitation geometry. For this system, our analysis shows that a pump-induced vectorial polarization anisotropy can lead to a spatial anisotropy in the stimulated amplification of polaritons. This effect is brought about by the interplay of the longitudinal-transverse cavity mode splitting (TE-TM splitting) and the spin-dependence of the polariton-polariton scattering processes.
cond-mat.other
based on a microscopic manyparticle theory we investigate the amplification of polaritons in planar semiconductor microcavities we study a spatially perfectly isotropic microcavity system and excitation geometry for this system our analysis shows that a pumpinduced vectorial polarization anisotropy can lead to a spatial anisotropy in the stimulated amplification of polaritons this effect is brought about by the interplay of the longitudinaltransverse cavity mode splitting tetm splitting and the spindependence of the polaritonpolariton scattering processes
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711.0769
A Study of Muon Neutrino Disappearance Using the Fermilab Main Injector Neutrino Beam
We report the results of a search for muon-neutrino disappearance by the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search. The experiment uses two detectors separated by 734 km to observe a beam of neutrinos created by the Neutrinos at the Main Injector facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data were collected in the first 282 days of beam operations and correspond to an exposure of 1.27e20 protons on target. Based on measurements in the Near Detector, in the absence of neutrino oscillations we expected 336 +/- 14 muon-neutrino charged-current interactions at the Far Detector but observed 215. This deficit of events corresponds to a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. The deficit is energy dependent and is consistent with two-flavor neutrino oscillations according to delta m-squared = 2.74e-3 +0.44/-0.26e-3 eV^2 and sin^2(2 theta) > 0.87 at 68% confidence level.
hep-ex
we report the results of a search for muonneutrino disappearance by the main injector neutrino oscillation search the experiment uses two detectors separated by 734 km to observe a beam of neutrinos created by the neutrinos at the main injector facility at fermi national accelerator laboratory the data were collected in the first 282 days of beam operations and correspond to an exposure of 127e20 protons on target based on measurements in the near detector in the absence of neutrino oscillations we expected 336 14 muonneutrino chargedcurrent interactions at the far detector but observed 215 this deficit of events corresponds to a significance of 52 standard deviations the deficit is energy dependent and is consistent with twoflavor neutrino oscillations according to delta msquared 274e3 044026e3 ev2 and sin22 theta 087 at 68 confidence level
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711.077
An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything
All fields of the standard model and gravity are unified as an E8 principal bundle connection. A non-compact real form of the E8 Lie algebra has G2 and F4 subalgebras which break down to strong su(3), electroweak su(2) x u(1), gravitational so(3,1), the frame-Higgs, and three generations of fermions related by triality. The interactions and dynamics of these 1-form and Grassmann valued parts of an E8 superconnection are described by the curvature and action over a four dimensional base manifold.
hep-th gr-qc
all fields of the standard model and gravity are unified as an e8 principal bundle connection a noncompact real form of the e8 lie algebra has g2 and f4 subalgebras which break down to strong su3 electroweak su2 x u1 gravitational so31 the framehiggs and three generations of fermions related by triality the interactions and dynamics of these 1form and grassmann valued parts of an e8 superconnection are described by the curvature and action over a four dimensional base manifold
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711.0771
Surface velocity network with anti-solar differential rotation on the active K-giant $\sigma$ Geminorum
We demonstrate the power of the local correlation tracking technique on stellar data for the first time. We recover the spot migration pattern of the long-period RS CVn-type binary $\sigma$ Gem from a set of six Doppler images from 3.6 consecutive rotation cycles. The resulting surface flow map suggests a weak anti-solar differential rotation with $\alpha\approx-0.0022\pm0.0016$, and a coherent poleward spot migration with an average velocity of $220\pm10$ m s$^{-1}$. This result agrees with our recent findings from another study and could also be confirmed theoretically.
astro-ph
we demonstrate the power of the local correlation tracking technique on stellar data for the first time we recover the spot migration pattern of the longperiod rs cvntype binary sigma gem from a set of six doppler images from 36 consecutive rotation cycles the resulting surface flow map suggests a weak antisolar differential rotation with alphaapprox00022pm00016 and a coherent poleward spot migration with an average velocity of 220pm10 m s1 this result agrees with our recent findings from another study and could also be confirmed theoretically
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711.0772
Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses
We demonstrate a method to locally change the refractive index in planar optical devices by photodarkening of a thin chalcogenide glass layer deposited on top of the device. The method is used to tune the resonance of GaAs-based photonic crystal cavities by up to 3 nm at 940 nm, with only 5% deterioration in cavity quality factor. The method has broad applications for postproduction tuning of photonic devices.
physics.optics quant-ph
we demonstrate a method to locally change the refractive index in planar optical devices by photodarkening of a thin chalcogenide glass layer deposited on top of the device the method is used to tune the resonance of gaasbased photonic crystal cavities by up to 3 nm at 940 nm with only 5 deterioration in cavity quality factor the method has broad applications for postproduction tuning of photonic devices
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711.0773
Ly$\alpha$ Leaks in the Absorption Spectra of High Redshift QSOs
Spectra of high redshift QSOs show deep Gunn-Peterson absorptions on the blue sides of the \Lya emissions lines. They can be decomposed into components called \Lya leaks, defined to be emissive regions in complementary to otherwise zero-fluxed absorption gaps. Just like \Lya absorption forests at low redshifts, \Lya leaks are both easy to find in observations and containing rich sets of statistical properties that can be used to study the early evolution of the IGM. Among all properties of a leak profile, we investigate its equivalent width in this paper, since it is weakly affected by instrumental resolution and noise. Using 10 Keck QSO spectra at $z\sim6$, we have measured the number density distribution function $n(W,z)$, defined to be the number of leaks per equivalent width $W$ and per redshift $z$, in the redshift range $5.4 - 6.0$. These new observational statistics, in both the differential and cumulative forms, fit well to hydro numerical simulations of uniform ionizing background in the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. In this model, Ly $\alpha$ leaks are mainly due to low density voids. It supports the early studies that the IGM at $z\simeq6$ would still be in a highly ionized state with neutral hydrogen fraction $\simeq 10^{-4}$. Measurements of $n(W,z)$ at $z>6$ would be effective to probe the reionization of the IGM.
astro-ph
spectra of high redshift qsos show deep gunnpeterson absorptions on the blue sides of the lya emissions lines they can be decomposed into components called lya leaks defined to be emissive regions in complementary to otherwise zerofluxed absorption gaps just like lya absorption forests at low redshifts lya leaks are both easy to find in observations and containing rich sets of statistical properties that can be used to study the early evolution of the igm among all properties of a leak profile we investigate its equivalent width in this paper since it is weakly affected by instrumental resolution and noise using 10 keck qso spectra at zsim6 we have measured the number density distribution function nwz defined to be the number of leaks per equivalent width w and per redshift z in the redshift range 54 60 these new observational statistics in both the differential and cumulative forms fit well to hydro numerical simulations of uniform ionizing background in the lambdacdm cosmology in this model ly alpha leaks are mainly due to low density voids it supports the early studies that the igm at zsimeq6 would still be in a highly ionized state with neutral hydrogen fraction simeq 104 measurements of nwz at z6 would be effective to probe the reionization of the igm
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711.0774
Exact Casimir Interaction Between Semitransparent Spheres and Cylinders
A multiple scattering formulation is used to calculate the force, arising from fluctuating scalar fields, between distinct bodies described by $\delta$-function potentials, so-called semitransparent bodies. (In the limit of strong coupling, a semitransparent boundary becomes a Dirichlet one.) We obtain expressions for the Casimir energies between disjoint parallel semitransparent cylinders and between disjoint semitransparent spheres. In the limit of weak coupling, we derive power series expansions for the energy, which can be exactly summed, so that explicit, very simple, closed-form expressions are obtained in both cases. The proximity force theorem holds when the objects are almost touching, but is subject to large corrections as the bodies are moved further apart.
hep-th quant-ph
a multiple scattering formulation is used to calculate the force arising from fluctuating scalar fields between distinct bodies described by deltafunction potentials socalled semitransparent bodies in the limit of strong coupling a semitransparent boundary becomes a dirichlet one we obtain expressions for the casimir energies between disjoint parallel semitransparent cylinders and between disjoint semitransparent spheres in the limit of weak coupling we derive power series expansions for the energy which can be exactly summed so that explicit very simple closedform expressions are obtained in both cases the proximity force theorem holds when the objects are almost touching but is subject to large corrections as the bodies are moved further apart
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711.0775
A SCUBA survey of bright-rimmed clouds
Context: Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) are potential examples of triggered star formation regions, in which photoionisation driven shocks caused by the expansion of HII regions induce protostellar collapse within the clouds. Aims: The main purpose of the paper is to establish the level of star formation occuring within a known set of BRCs. A secondary aim is to determine the extent, if any, to which this star formation has been promulgated by the process of photoionisation triggering. Methods:A primary set of observations is presented obtained with submillimeter SCUBA observations and archival data from near-IR and mid- to far-IR have been explored for relevant observations and incorporated where appropriate. Results:SCUBA observations show a total of 47 dense cores within the heads of 44 observed BRCs drawn from a catalogue of IRAS sources embedded within HII regions, supportive of the scenario proposed by RDI models. The physical properties of these cores indicate star formation across the majority of our sample. This star formation appears to be predominately in the regime of intermediate to high mass and may indicate the formation of clusters. IR observations indicate the association of early star forming sources with our sample. A fundamental difference appears to exist between different morphological types of BRC, which may indicate a different evolutionary pathway toward star formation in the different types of BRC. Conclusions:Bright-rimmed clouds are found to harbour star formation in its early stages. Different evolutionary scenarios are found to exist for different morphological types of BRC. The morphology of a BRC is described as type `A', moderately curved rims, type `B', tightly curved rims, and `C', cometary rims. `B' and `C' morphological types...
astro-ph
context brightrimmed clouds brcs are potential examples of triggered star formation regions in which photoionisation driven shocks caused by the expansion of hii regions induce protostellar collapse within the clouds aims the main purpose of the paper is to establish the level of star formation occuring within a known set of brcs a secondary aim is to determine the extent if any to which this star formation has been promulgated by the process of photoionisation triggering methodsa primary set of observations is presented obtained with submillimeter scuba observations and archival data from nearir and mid to farir have been explored for relevant observations and incorporated where appropriate resultsscuba observations show a total of 47 dense cores within the heads of 44 observed brcs drawn from a catalogue of iras sources embedded within hii regions supportive of the scenario proposed by rdi models the physical properties of these cores indicate star formation across the majority of our sample this star formation appears to be predominately in the regime of intermediate to high mass and may indicate the formation of clusters ir observations indicate the association of early star forming sources with our sample a fundamental difference appears to exist between different morphological types of brc which may indicate a different evolutionary pathway toward star formation in the different types of brc conclusionsbrightrimmed clouds are found to harbour star formation in its early stages different evolutionary scenarios are found to exist for different morphological types of brc the morphology of a brc is described as type a moderately curved rims type b tightly curved rims and c cometary rims b and c morphological types
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711.0776
Quantum Oscillations in the mixed state of d-wave superconductor
We show that the low-energy density of quasiparticle states in the mixed state of ultra-clean d-wave superconductors is characterized by pronounced quantum oscillations in the regime where the cyclotron frequency $\hbar\omega_c \ll \Delta_0$, the d-wave pairing gap. Such oscillations as a function of magnetic field B are argued to be due to the internodal scattering of the d-wave quasiparticles near wavevectors $(\pm k_D,\pm k_D)$ by the vortex lattice as well as their Zeeman coupling. The periodicity of the oscillations is set by the condition $k_D \sqrt{hc/(eB)} \equiv k_D' \sqrt{hc/(eB')}\pmod {2\pi}$. We find that there is additional structure within each period which grows in complexity as the Dirac node anisotropy increases.
cond-mat.supr-con
we show that the lowenergy density of quasiparticle states in the mixed state of ultraclean dwave superconductors is characterized by pronounced quantum oscillations in the regime where the cyclotron frequency hbaromega_c ll delta_0 the dwave pairing gap such oscillations as a function of magnetic field b are argued to be due to the internodal scattering of the dwave quasiparticles near wavevectors pm k_dpm k_d by the vortex lattice as well as their zeeman coupling the periodicity of the oscillations is set by the condition k_d sqrthceb equiv k_d sqrthcebpmod 2pi we find that there is additional structure within each period which grows in complexity as the dirac node anisotropy increases
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711.0777
Lifetimes of states in 19Ne above the 15 O + alpha breakup threshold
The 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne reaction plays a role in the ignition of Type I x-ray bursts on accreting neutron stars. The lifetimes of states in 19Ne above the 15O + alpha threshold of 3.53 MeV are important inputs to calculations of the astrophysical reaction rate. These levels in 19Ne were populated in the 3He(20Ne,alpha)19Ne reaction at a 20Ne beam energy of 34 MeV. The lifetimes of six states above the threshold were measured with the Doppler shift attenuation method (DSAM). The present measurements agree with previous determinations of the lifetimes of these states and in some cases are considerably more precise.
nucl-ex
the 15oalphagamma19ne reaction plays a role in the ignition of type i xray bursts on accreting neutron stars the lifetimes of states in 19ne above the 15o alpha threshold of 353 mev are important inputs to calculations of the astrophysical reaction rate these levels in 19ne were populated in the 3he20nealpha19ne reaction at a 20ne beam energy of 34 mev the lifetimes of six states above the threshold were measured with the doppler shift attenuation method dsam the present measurements agree with previous determinations of the lifetimes of these states and in some cases are considerably more precise
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711.0778
Quantum Resonant Leptogenesis and Minimal Lepton Flavour Violation
It has been recently shown that the quantum Boltzmann equations may be relevant for the leptogenesis scenario. In particular, they lead to a time-dependent CP asymmetry which depends upon the previous dynamics of the system. This memory effect in the CP asymmetry is particularly important in resonant leptogenesis where the asymmetry is generated by the decays of nearly mass-degenerate right-handed neutrinos. We study the impact of the non-trivial time evolution of the CP asymmetry in the so-called Minimal Lepton Flavour Violation framework where the charged-lepton and the neutrino Yukawa couplings are the only irreducible sources of lepton-flavour symmetry breaking and resonant leptogenesis is achieved. We show that significant quantitative differences arise with respect to the case in which the time dependence of the CP asymmetry is neglected.
hep-ph
it has been recently shown that the quantum boltzmann equations may be relevant for the leptogenesis scenario in particular they lead to a timedependent cp asymmetry which depends upon the previous dynamics of the system this memory effect in the cp asymmetry is particularly important in resonant leptogenesis where the asymmetry is generated by the decays of nearly massdegenerate righthanded neutrinos we study the impact of the nontrivial time evolution of the cp asymmetry in the socalled minimal lepton flavour violation framework where the chargedlepton and the neutrino yukawa couplings are the only irreducible sources of leptonflavour symmetry breaking and resonant leptogenesis is achieved we show that significant quantitative differences arise with respect to the case in which the time dependence of the cp asymmetry is neglected
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711.0779
Nonlinear Evolution of Anisotropic Cosmological Power
There has been growing interest in the possibility of testing more precisely the assumption of statistical isotropy of primordial density perturbations. If it is to be tested with galaxy surveys at distance scales <~ 10 Mpc, then nonlinear evolution of anisotropic power must be understood. To this end, we calculate the angular dependence of the power spectrum to third order in perturbation theory for a primordial power spectrum with a quadrupole dependence on the wavevector direction. Our results suggest that primordial power anisotropies will be suppressed by <~ 7% in the quasilinear regime. We also show that the skewness in the statistically anisotropic theory differs by no more than 1% from that in the isotropic theory.
astro-ph
there has been growing interest in the possibility of testing more precisely the assumption of statistical isotropy of primordial density perturbations if it is to be tested with galaxy surveys at distance scales 10 mpc then nonlinear evolution of anisotropic power must be understood to this end we calculate the angular dependence of the power spectrum to third order in perturbation theory for a primordial power spectrum with a quadrupole dependence on the wavevector direction our results suggest that primordial power anisotropies will be suppressed by 7 in the quasilinear regime we also show that the skewness in the statistically anisotropic theory differs by no more than 1 from that in the isotropic theory
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711.078
A remark on the enclosure method for a body with an unknown homogeneous background conductivity
Previous applications of the enclosure method with a finite set of observation data to a mathematical model of electrical impedance tomography are based on the assumption that the conductivity of the background body is homogeneous and known. This paper considers the case when the conductivity is homogeneous and unknown. It is shown that, in two dimensions if the domain occupied by the background body is enclosed by an ellipse, then it is still possible to extract some information about the location of unknown cavities or inclusions embedded in the body without knowing the background conductivity provided the Fourier series expansion of the voltage on the boundary does not contain high frequency parts (band limited) and satisfies a non vanishing condition of a quantity involving the Fourier coefficients.
math.AP
previous applications of the enclosure method with a finite set of observation data to a mathematical model of electrical impedance tomography are based on the assumption that the conductivity of the background body is homogeneous and known this paper considers the case when the conductivity is homogeneous and unknown it is shown that in two dimensions if the domain occupied by the background body is enclosed by an ellipse then it is still possible to extract some information about the location of unknown cavities or inclusions embedded in the body without knowing the background conductivity provided the fourier series expansion of the voltage on the boundary does not contain high frequency parts band limited and satisfies a non vanishing condition of a quantity involving the fourier coefficients
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711.0781
Integration Theory for Zero Sets of Polyfold Fredholm Sections
In this paper we develop an integration theory for zero sets of polyfold Fredholm sections. The results are needed in the application of the polyfold theory. We use it for example in the construction of symplectic field theory.
math.FA math.DG math.SG
in this paper we develop an integration theory for zero sets of polyfold fredholm sections the results are needed in the application of the polyfold theory we use it for example in the construction of symplectic field theory
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711.0782
Extreme Habitability: Formation of Habitable Planets in Systems with Close-in Giant Planets and/or Stellar Companions
With more than 260 extrasolar planetary systems discovered to-date, the search for habitable planets has found new grounds. Unlike our solar system, the stars of many of these planets are hosts to eccentric or close-in giant bodies. Several of these stars are also members of moderately close ($<$40 AU) binary or multi-star systems. The formation of terrestrial objects in these "extreme" environments is strongly affected by the dynamics of their giant planets and/or their stellar companions. These objects have profound effects on the chemical structure of the disk of planetesimals and the radial mixing of these bodies in the terrestrial regions of their host stars. For many years, it was believed that such effects would be so destructive that binary stars and also systems with close-in giant planets would not be able to form and harbor habitable bodies. Recent simulations have, however, proven otherwise. I will review the results of the simulations of the formation and long-term stability of Earth-like objects in the habitable zones of such "extreme" planetary systems, and discuss the possibility of the formation of terrestrial planets, with significant amounts of water, in systems with hot Jupiters, and also around the primaries of moderately eccentric close binary stars.
astro-ph
with more than 260 extrasolar planetary systems discovered todate the search for habitable planets has found new grounds unlike our solar system the stars of many of these planets are hosts to eccentric or closein giant bodies several of these stars are also members of moderately close 40 au binary or multistar systems the formation of terrestrial objects in these extreme environments is strongly affected by the dynamics of their giant planets andor their stellar companions these objects have profound effects on the chemical structure of the disk of planetesimals and the radial mixing of these bodies in the terrestrial regions of their host stars for many years it was believed that such effects would be so destructive that binary stars and also systems with closein giant planets would not be able to form and harbor habitable bodies recent simulations have however proven otherwise i will review the results of the simulations of the formation and longterm stability of earthlike objects in the habitable zones of such extreme planetary systems and discuss the possibility of the formation of terrestrial planets with significant amounts of water in systems with hot jupiters and also around the primaries of moderately eccentric close binary stars
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711.0783
Socles of Buchsbaum modules, complexes and posets
The socle of a graded Buchsbaum module is studied and is related to its local cohomology modules. This algebraic result is then applied to face enumeration of Buchsbaum simplicial complexes and posets. In particular, new necessary conditions on face numbers and Betti numbers of such complexes and posets are established. These conditions are used to settle in the affirmative K\"uhnel's conjecture for the maximum value of the Euler characteristic of a $2k$-dimensional simplicial manifold on $n$ vertices as well as Kalai's conjecture providing a lower bound on the number of edges of a simplicial manifold in terms of its dimension, number of vertices, and the first Betti number.
math.CO math.AC
the socle of a graded buchsbaum module is studied and is related to its local cohomology modules this algebraic result is then applied to face enumeration of buchsbaum simplicial complexes and posets in particular new necessary conditions on face numbers and betti numbers of such complexes and posets are established these conditions are used to settle in the affirmative kuhnels conjecture for the maximum value of the euler characteristic of a 2kdimensional simplicial manifold on n vertices as well as kalais conjecture providing a lower bound on the number of edges of a simplicial manifold in terms of its dimension number of vertices and the first betti number
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711.0784
Addendum to Research MMMCV; A Man/Microbio/Megabio/Computer Vision
In October 2007, a Research Proposal for the University of Sydney, Australia, the author suggested that biovie-physical phenomenon as `electrodynamic dependant biological vision', is governed by relativistic quantum laws and biovision. The phenomenon on the basis of `biovielectroluminescence', satisfies man/microbio/megabio/computer vision (MMMCV), as a robust candidate for physical and visual sciences. The general aim of this addendum is to present a refined text of Sections 1-3 of that proposal and highlighting the contents of its Appendix in form of a `Mechanisms' Section. We then briefly remind in an article aimed for December 2007, by appending two more equations into Section 3, a theoretical II-time scenario as a time model well-proposed for the phenomenon. The time model within the core of the proposal, plays a significant role in emphasizing the principle points on Objectives no. 1-8, Sub-hypothesis 3.1.2, mentioned in Article [arXiv:0710.0410]. It also expresses the time concept in terms of causing quantized energy f(|E|) of time |t|, emit in regard to shortening the probability of particle loci as predictable patterns of particle's un-occurred motion, a solution to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle (HUP) into a simplistic manner. We conclude that, practical frames via a time algorithm to this model, fixates such predictable patterns of motion of scenery bodies onto recordable observation points of a MMMCV system. It even suppresses/predicts superposition phenomena coming from a human subject and/or other bio-subjects for any decision making event, e.g., brainwave quantum patterns based on vision. Maintaining the existential probability of Riemann surfaces of II-time scenarios in the context of biovielectroluminescence, makes motion-prediction a possibility.
cs.CV cs.CE
in october 2007 a research proposal for the university of sydney australia the author suggested that bioviephysical phenomenon as electrodynamic dependant biological vision is governed by relativistic quantum laws and biovision the phenomenon on the basis of biovielectroluminescence satisfies manmicrobiomegabiocomputer vision mmmcv as a robust candidate for physical and visual sciences the general aim of this addendum is to present a refined text of sections 13 of that proposal and highlighting the contents of its appendix in form of a mechanisms section we then briefly remind in an article aimed for december 2007 by appending two more equations into section 3 a theoretical iitime scenario as a time model wellproposed for the phenomenon the time model within the core of the proposal plays a significant role in emphasizing the principle points on objectives no 18 subhypothesis 312 mentioned in article arxiv07100410 it also expresses the time concept in terms of causing quantized energy fe of time t emit in regard to shortening the probability of particle loci as predictable patterns of particles unoccurred motion a solution to heisenbergs uncertainty principle hup into a simplistic manner we conclude that practical frames via a time algorithm to this model fixates such predictable patterns of motion of scenery bodies onto recordable observation points of a mmmcv system it even suppressespredicts superposition phenomena coming from a human subject andor other biosubjects for any decision making event eg brainwave quantum patterns based on vision maintaining the existential probability of riemann surfaces of iitime scenarios in the context of biovielectroluminescence makes motionprediction a possibility
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711.0785
D0 mixing at Belle
We report the recent two results of D0-D0bar mixing studies at Belle in D0->K+K-/pi+pi- and D0->K_S^0 pi+pi- decays. The former measures the relative difference of the lifetimes y_{CP}, giving the evidence of D0-D0bar mixing; the latter measures the D0 mixing parameters x and y.
hep-ex
we report the recent two results of d0d0bar mixing studies at belle in d0kkpipi and d0k_s0 pipi decays the former measures the relative difference of the lifetimes y_cp giving the evidence of d0d0bar mixing the latter measures the d0 mixing parameters x and y
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711.0786
Thermodynamics of a black hole based on a generalized uncertainty principle
We study thermodynamic quantities and the stability of a black hole in a cavity using the Euclidean action formalism by Gibbons and Hawking based on the generalized uncertainty relation which is extended in a symmetric way with respect to the space and momentum without loss of generality. Two parameters in the uncertainty relation affect the thermodynamical quantities such as energy, entropy, and the heat capacity. In particular, it can be shown that the small black hole is unstable and it may decay either into a minimal black hole or a large black hole. We discuss a constraint for a large black hole comparable to the size of the cavity in connection with the critical mass.
gr-qc hep-th
we study thermodynamic quantities and the stability of a black hole in a cavity using the euclidean action formalism by gibbons and hawking based on the generalized uncertainty relation which is extended in a symmetric way with respect to the space and momentum without loss of generality two parameters in the uncertainty relation affect the thermodynamical quantities such as energy entropy and the heat capacity in particular it can be shown that the small black hole is unstable and it may decay either into a minimal black hole or a large black hole we discuss a constraint for a large black hole comparable to the size of the cavity in connection with the critical mass
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711.0787
Making a field effect transistor on a single graphene nanoribbon by selective doping
Using first-principle electronic structure calculations, we show a metal- semiconductor transition of a metallic graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges induced by substitutional doping of Nitrogen or Boron atoms at the edges. A field effect transistor consisting of a metal-semiconductor-metal junction can then be constructed by selective doping of the ribbon edges. The current-voltage characteristics of such a prototype device is determined by the first-principle quantum transport calculations.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
using firstprinciple electronic structure calculations we show a metal semiconductor transition of a metallic graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges induced by substitutional doping of nitrogen or boron atoms at the edges a field effect transistor consisting of a metalsemiconductormetal junction can then be constructed by selective doping of the ribbon edges the currentvoltage characteristics of such a prototype device is determined by the firstprinciple quantum transport calculations
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711.0788
On a Continuum Limit for Loop Quantum Cosmology
The use of non-regular representations of the Heisenberg-Weyl commutation relations has proved to be useful for studying conceptual and technical issues in quantum gravity. Of particular relevance is the study of Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC), a symmetry reduced theory that is related to Loop Quantum Gravity, and that is based on a non-regular, polymeric representation. Recently, a soluble model was used by Ashtekar, Corichi and Singh to study the relation between Loop Quantum Cosmology and the standard Wheeler-DeWitt theory and in particular the passage to the limit in which the auxiliary parameter (interpreted as "quantum geometry discreetness") is sent to zero in hope to get rid of this `regulator ambiguity' in the LQC dynamics. In this note we outline the first steps toward reformulating this question within the program developed by the authors for studying the continuum limit of polymeric theories, which was successfully applied to simple systems such as a Simple Harmonic Oscillator and the Free Particle.
gr-qc
the use of nonregular representations of the heisenbergweyl commutation relations has proved to be useful for studying conceptual and technical issues in quantum gravity of particular relevance is the study of loop quantum cosmology lqc a symmetry reduced theory that is related to loop quantum gravity and that is based on a nonregular polymeric representation recently a soluble model was used by ashtekar corichi and singh to study the relation between loop quantum cosmology and the standard wheelerdewitt theory and in particular the passage to the limit in which the auxiliary parameter interpreted as quantum geometry discreetness is sent to zero in hope to get rid of this regulator ambiguity in the lqc dynamics in this note we outline the first steps toward reformulating this question within the program developed by the authors for studying the continuum limit of polymeric theories which was successfully applied to simple systems such as a simple harmonic oscillator and the free particle
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711.0789
Universal Behavior in Heavy Electron Materials
We present our finding that an especially simple scaling expression describes the formation of a new state of quantum matter, the Kondo Fermi liquid (KL) in heavy electron materials. Emerging at $T^*$ as a result of the collective coherent hybridization of localized f electrons and conduction electrons, the KL possesses a non-Landau density of states varying as $(1-T/T^*)^{3/2}[1+\ln(T^*/T)]$. We show that four independent experimental probes verify this scaling behavior and that for CeIrIn$_5$ the KL state density is in excellent agreement with the recent microscopic calculations of hybridization in this material by Shim, Haule, and Kotliar.
cond-mat.str-el
we present our finding that an especially simple scaling expression describes the formation of a new state of quantum matter the kondo fermi liquid kl in heavy electron materials emerging at t as a result of the collective coherent hybridization of localized f electrons and conduction electrons the kl possesses a nonlandau density of states varying as 1tt321lntt we show that four independent experimental probes verify this scaling behavior and that for ceirin_5 the kl state density is in excellent agreement with the recent microscopic calculations of hybridization in this material by shim haule and kotliar
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711.079
Operator algebra of foliations with projectively invariant transverse measure
We study the structure of operator algebras associated with the foliations which have projectively invariant measures. When a certain ergodicity condition on the measure preserving holonomies holds, the lack of holonomy invariant transverse measure can be established in terms of a cyclic cohomology class associated with the transverse fundamental cocycle and the modular automorphism group.
math.OA math.KT
we study the structure of operator algebras associated with the foliations which have projectively invariant measures when a certain ergodicity condition on the measure preserving holonomies holds the lack of holonomy invariant transverse measure can be established in terms of a cyclic cohomology class associated with the transverse fundamental cocycle and the modular automorphism group
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711.0791
Magnetic Confinement by Alfven Carpets
A "carpet" of torsional Alfven waves, resonantly excited in an annulus inside a toroidal conducting vessel, could maintain magnetized plasma inside of the annulus against the inherent outward expansion. Such toroidal magnetic confinement for fusion could present some advantages over conventional tokamaks. The idea could also be used to stabilize interchange and ballooning modes in tokamaks and other interchange-limited fusion devices.
physics.plasm-ph
a carpet of torsional alfven waves resonantly excited in an annulus inside a toroidal conducting vessel could maintain magnetized plasma inside of the annulus against the inherent outward expansion such toroidal magnetic confinement for fusion could present some advantages over conventional tokamaks the idea could also be used to stabilize interchange and ballooning modes in tokamaks and other interchangelimited fusion devices
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711.0792
Analysis of Lepton Flavor Violating \tau^\pm \to \mu^\pm \mu^\pm \mu^\mp Decays
Supposing only Lorentz and the gauge invariances of the Lagrangian, we derive energy and angular distributions for $\tau^\pm \to \mu^\pm \mu^\pm \mu^\mp$ lepton flavor violating decay process. Using these results, we discuss methods to determine the parameters associated with the lepton flavor violating interactions.
hep-ph
supposing only lorentz and the gauge invariances of the lagrangian we derive energy and angular distributions for taupm to mupm mupm mump lepton flavor violating decay process using these results we discuss methods to determine the parameters associated with the lepton flavor violating interactions
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711.0793
On Moduli Spaces for Abelian Categories
We show that if A is an abelian category satisfying certain mild conditions, then one can introduce the concept of a moduli space of (semi)stable objects which has the structure of a projective algebraic variety. This idea is applied to several important abelian categories in representation theory, like highest weight categories.
math.AG math.RT
we show that if a is an abelian category satisfying certain mild conditions then one can introduce the concept of a moduli space of semistable objects which has the structure of a projective algebraic variety this idea is applied to several important abelian categories in representation theory like highest weight categories
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711.0794
On the viability of the shearing box approximation for numerical studies of MHD turbulence in accretion disks
Most of our knowledge on the nonlinear development of the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) relies on the results of numerical simulations employing the shearing box (SB) approximation. A number of difficulties arising from this approach have recently been pointed out in the literature. We thoroughly examine the effects of the assumptions made and numerical techniques employed in SB simulations. This is done in order to clarify and gain better understanding of those difficulties as well as of a number of additional serious problems, raised here for the first time, and of their impact on the results. Analytical derivations and estimates as well as comparative analysis to methods used in the numerical study of turbulence are used. Numerical experiments are performed to support some of our claims and conjectures. The following problems, arising from the (virtually exclusive) use of the SB simulations as a tool for the understanding and quantification of the nonlinear MRI development in disks, are analyzed and discussed: (i) inconsistencies in the application of the SB approximation itself; (ii) the limited spatial scale of the SB; (iii) the lack of convergence of most ideal MHD simulations; (iv) side-effects of the SB symmetry and the non-trivial nature of the linear MRI; (v) physical artifacts arising on the too small box scale due to periodic boundary conditions. The computational and theoretical challenge posed by the MHD turbulence problem in accretion disks cannot be met by the SB approximation, as it has been used to date. A new strategy to confront this challenge is proposed, based on techniques widely used in numerical studies of turbulent flows - developing (e.g., with the help of local numerical studies) a sub-grid turbulence model and implementing it in global calculations.
astro-ph
most of our knowledge on the nonlinear development of the magnetorotational instability mri relies on the results of numerical simulations employing the shearing box sb approximation a number of difficulties arising from this approach have recently been pointed out in the literature we thoroughly examine the effects of the assumptions made and numerical techniques employed in sb simulations this is done in order to clarify and gain better understanding of those difficulties as well as of a number of additional serious problems raised here for the first time and of their impact on the results analytical derivations and estimates as well as comparative analysis to methods used in the numerical study of turbulence are used numerical experiments are performed to support some of our claims and conjectures the following problems arising from the virtually exclusive use of the sb simulations as a tool for the understanding and quantification of the nonlinear mri development in disks are analyzed and discussed i inconsistencies in the application of the sb approximation itself ii the limited spatial scale of the sb iii the lack of convergence of most ideal mhd simulations iv sideeffects of the sb symmetry and the nontrivial nature of the linear mri v physical artifacts arising on the too small box scale due to periodic boundary conditions the computational and theoretical challenge posed by the mhd turbulence problem in accretion disks cannot be met by the sb approximation as it has been used to date a new strategy to confront this challenge is proposed based on techniques widely used in numerical studies of turbulent flows developing eg with the help of local numerical studies a subgrid turbulence model and implementing it in global calculations
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711.0795
Finite-Dimensional Representations of Hyper Loop Algebras Over Non-Algebraically Closed Fields
We study finite-dimensional representations of hyper loop algebras over non-algebraically closed fields. The main results concern the classification of the irreducible representations, the construction of the Weyl modules, base change, tensor products of irreducible and Weyl modules, and the block decomposition of the underlying abelian category. Several results are interestingly related to the study of irreducible representations of polynomial algebras and Galois theory.
math.RT math.AG
we study finitedimensional representations of hyper loop algebras over nonalgebraically closed fields the main results concern the classification of the irreducible representations the construction of the weyl modules base change tensor products of irreducible and weyl modules and the block decomposition of the underlying abelian category several results are interestingly related to the study of irreducible representations of polynomial algebras and galois theory
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711.0796
Modeling the variability of shapes of a human placenta
While it is well-understood what a normal human placenta should look like, a deviation from the norm can take many possible shapes. In this paper we propose a mechanism for this variability based on the change in the structure of the vascular tree.
q-bio.TO
while it is wellunderstood what a normal human placenta should look like a deviation from the norm can take many possible shapes in this paper we propose a mechanism for this variability based on the change in the structure of the vascular tree
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711.0797
Thermodynamics in variable speed of light theories
The perfect fluid in the context of a covariant variable speed of light theory proposed by J. Magueijo is studied. On the one hand the modified first law of thermodynamics together with a recipe to obtain equations of state are obtained. On the other hand the Newtonian limit is performed to obtain the nonrelativistic hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the theory. The results obtained are used to determine the time variation of the radius of Mercury induced by the variability of the speed of light ($c$), and the scalar contribution to the luminosity of white dwarfs. Using a bound for the change of that radius and combining it with an upper limit for the variation of the fine structure constant, a bound on the time variation of $c$ is set. An independent bound is obtained from luminosity estimates for Stein 2015B.
astro-ph
the perfect fluid in the context of a covariant variable speed of light theory proposed by j magueijo is studied on the one hand the modified first law of thermodynamics together with a recipe to obtain equations of state are obtained on the other hand the newtonian limit is performed to obtain the nonrelativistic hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the theory the results obtained are used to determine the time variation of the radius of mercury induced by the variability of the speed of light c and the scalar contribution to the luminosity of white dwarfs using a bound for the change of that radius and combining it with an upper limit for the variation of the fine structure constant a bound on the time variation of c is set an independent bound is obtained from luminosity estimates for stein 2015b
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711.0798
Vortex Condensation in the Dual Chern-Simons Higgs Model
The contribution of nontrivial vacuum (topological) excitations, more specifically vortex configurations of the self-dual Chern-Simons-Higgs model, to the functional partition function is considered. By using a duality transformation, we arrive at a representation of the partition function in terms of which explicit vortex degrees of freedom are coupled to a dual gauge field. By matching the obtained action to a field theory for the vortices, the physical properties of the model in the presence of vortex excitations are then studied. In terms of this field theory for vortices in the self-dual Chern-Simons Higgs model, we determine the location of the critical value for the Chern-Simons parameter below which vortex condensation can happen in the system. The effects of self-energy quantum corrections to the vortex field are also considered.
hep-th cond-mat.mes-hall hep-ph
the contribution of nontrivial vacuum topological excitations more specifically vortex configurations of the selfdual chernsimonshiggs model to the functional partition function is considered by using a duality transformation we arrive at a representation of the partition function in terms of which explicit vortex degrees of freedom are coupled to a dual gauge field by matching the obtained action to a field theory for the vortices the physical properties of the model in the presence of vortex excitations are then studied in terms of this field theory for vortices in the selfdual chernsimons higgs model we determine the location of the critical value for the chernsimons parameter below which vortex condensation can happen in the system the effects of selfenergy quantum corrections to the vortex field are also considered
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711.0799
Temporal Variations in the Sun's Rotational Kinetic Energy
AIM: To study the variation of the angular momentum and the rotational kinetic energy of the Sun, and associated variations in the gravitational multipole moments, on a timescale of the solar cycle. METHOD: Inverting helioseismic rotational splitting data obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group and by the Michelson Doppler Imager on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. RESULTS: The temporal variation in angular momentum and kinetic energy at high latitudes (>\pi/4) through the convection zone is positively correlated with solar activity, whereas at low latitudes it is anticorrelated, except for the top 10% by radius where both are correlated positively. CONCLUSION: The helioseismic data imply significant temporal variation in the angular momentum and the rotational kinetic energy, and in the gravitational multipole moments. The properties of that variation will help constrain dynamical theories of the solar cycle.
astro-ph
aim to study the variation of the angular momentum and the rotational kinetic energy of the sun and associated variations in the gravitational multipole moments on a timescale of the solar cycle method inverting helioseismic rotational splitting data obtained by the global oscillation network group and by the michelson doppler imager on the solar and heliospheric observatory results the temporal variation in angular momentum and kinetic energy at high latitudes pi4 through the convection zone is positively correlated with solar activity whereas at low latitudes it is anticorrelated except for the top 10 by radius where both are correlated positively conclusion the helioseismic data imply significant temporal variation in the angular momentum and the rotational kinetic energy and in the gravitational multipole moments the properties of that variation will help constrain dynamical theories of the solar cycle
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711.08
Signature of superconducting states in cubic crystal without inversion symmetry
The effects of absence of inversion symmetry on superconducting states are investigated theoretically. In particular we focus on the noncentrosymmetric compounds which have the cubic symmetry $O$ like Li$_2$Pt$_3$B. An appropriate and isotropic spin-orbital interaction is added in the Hamiltonian and it acts like a magnetic monopole in the momentum space. The consequent pairing wavefunction has an additional triplet component in the pseudospin space, and a Zeeman magnetic field $\bf{B}$ can induce a collinear supercurrent $\bf{J}$ with a coefficient $\kappa(T)$. The effects of anisotropy embedded in the cubic symmetry and the nodal superconducting gap function on $\kappa(T)$ are also considered. From the macroscopic perspectives, the pair of mutually induced $\bf{J}$ and magnetization ${\bf{M}}$ can affect the distribution of magnetic field in such noncentrosymmetric superconductors, which is studied through solving the Maxwell equation in the Meissner geometry as well as the case of a single vortex line. In both cases, magnetic fields perpendicular to the external ones emerge as a signature of the broken symmetry.
cond-mat.supr-con
the effects of absence of inversion symmetry on superconducting states are investigated theoretically in particular we focus on the noncentrosymmetric compounds which have the cubic symmetry o like li_2pt_3b an appropriate and isotropic spinorbital interaction is added in the hamiltonian and it acts like a magnetic monopole in the momentum space the consequent pairing wavefunction has an additional triplet component in the pseudospin space and a zeeman magnetic field bfb can induce a collinear supercurrent bfj with a coefficient kappat the effects of anisotropy embedded in the cubic symmetry and the nodal superconducting gap function on kappat are also considered from the macroscopic perspectives the pair of mutually induced bfj and magnetization bfm can affect the distribution of magnetic field in such noncentrosymmetric superconductors which is studied through solving the maxwell equation in the meissner geometry as well as the case of a single vortex line in both cases magnetic fields perpendicular to the external ones emerge as a signature of the broken symmetry
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711.0801
Atmospheric Parameters of Field L and T Dwarfs
We present an analysis of the 0.95-14.5 micron spectral energy distributions of nine field ultracool dwarfs with spectral types ranging from L1 to T4.5. Effective temperatures, gravities, and condensate cloud sedimentation efficiencies are derived by comparing the data to synthetic spectra computed from atmospheric models that self-consistently include the formation of condensate clouds. Derived effective temperatures decrease steadily through the L1 to T4.5 spectral types and we confirm that the effective temperatures of ultracool dwarfs at the L/T transition are nearly constant, decreasing by only ~200 K from spectral types L7.5 to T4.5. The two objects in our sample with very red J-Ks colors are best fitted with synthetic spectra that have thick clouds which hints at a possible correlation between the near-infrared colors of L dwarfs and the condensate cloud properties. The fits to the two T dwarfs in our sample (T2 and T4.5) also suggest that the clouds become thinner in this spectral class, in agreement with previous studies. Restricting the fits to narrower wavelength ranges (i.e., individual photometric bands) almost always yields excellent agreement between the data and models. Limitations in our knowledge of the opacities of key absorbers such as FeH, VO, and CH4 at certain wavelengths remain obvious, however. The effective temperatures obtained by fitting the narrower wavelength ranges can show a large scatter compared to the values derived by fitting the full spectral energy distributions; deviations are typically ~200 K and in the worst cases, up to 700 K.
astro-ph
we present an analysis of the 095145 micron spectral energy distributions of nine field ultracool dwarfs with spectral types ranging from l1 to t45 effective temperatures gravities and condensate cloud sedimentation efficiencies are derived by comparing the data to synthetic spectra computed from atmospheric models that selfconsistently include the formation of condensate clouds derived effective temperatures decrease steadily through the l1 to t45 spectral types and we confirm that the effective temperatures of ultracool dwarfs at the lt transition are nearly constant decreasing by only 200 k from spectral types l75 to t45 the two objects in our sample with very red jks colors are best fitted with synthetic spectra that have thick clouds which hints at a possible correlation between the nearinfrared colors of l dwarfs and the condensate cloud properties the fits to the two t dwarfs in our sample t2 and t45 also suggest that the clouds become thinner in this spectral class in agreement with previous studies restricting the fits to narrower wavelength ranges ie individual photometric bands almost always yields excellent agreement between the data and models limitations in our knowledge of the opacities of key absorbers such as feh vo and ch4 at certain wavelengths remain obvious however the effective temperatures obtained by fitting the narrower wavelength ranges can show a large scatter compared to the values derived by fitting the full spectral energy distributions deviations are typically 200 k and in the worst cases up to 700 k
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711.0802
Flattening Functions on Flowers
Let $T$ be an orientation-preserving Lipschitz expanding map of the circle $\T$. A pre-image selector is a map $\tau:\T\to\T$ with finitely many discontinuities, each of which is a jump discontinuity, and such that $\tau(x)\in T^{-1}(x)$ for all $x\in\T$. The closure of the image of a pre-image selector is called a flower, and a flower with $p$ connected components is called a $p$-flower. We say that a real-valued Lipschitz function can be Lipschitz flattened on a flower whenever it is Lipschitz cohomologous to a constant on that flower. The space of Lipschitz functions which can be flattened on a given $p$-flower is shown to be of codimension $p$ in the space of all Lipschitz functions, and the linear constraints determining this subspace are derived explicitly. If a Lipschitz function $f$ has a maximizing measure $S$ which is Sturmian (i.e. is carried by a 1-flower), it is shown that $f$ can be Lipschitz flattened on some 1-flower carrying $S$.
math.DS
let t be an orientationpreserving lipschitz expanding map of the circle t a preimage selector is a map tauttot with finitely many discontinuities each of which is a jump discontinuity and such that tauxin t1x for all xint the closure of the image of a preimage selector is called a flower and a flower with p connected components is called a pflower we say that a realvalued lipschitz function can be lipschitz flattened on a flower whenever it is lipschitz cohomologous to a constant on that flower the space of lipschitz functions which can be flattened on a given pflower is shown to be of codimension p in the space of all lipschitz functions and the linear constraints determining this subspace are derived explicitly if a lipschitz function f has a maximizing measure s which is sturmian ie is carried by a 1flower it is shown that f can be lipschitz flattened on some 1flower carrying s
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711.0803
Spin Dependence of Interfacial Reflection Phase Shift at Cu/Co Interface
The spin dependent reflection at the interface is the key element to understand the spin transport. By completely solving the scattering problem based on first principles method, we obtained the spin resolved reflectivity spectra. The comparison of our theoretical results with experiment is good in a large energy scale from Fermi level to energy above vacuum level. It is found that interfacial distortion is crucial for understanding the spin dependence of the phase gain at the Cu$|$Co interface. Near the Fermi level, image state plays an important role to the phase accumulation in the copper film.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
the spin dependent reflection at the interface is the key element to understand the spin transport by completely solving the scattering problem based on first principles method we obtained the spin resolved reflectivity spectra the comparison of our theoretical results with experiment is good in a large energy scale from fermi level to energy above vacuum level it is found that interfacial distortion is crucial for understanding the spin dependence of the phase gain at the cuco interface near the fermi level image state plays an important role to the phase accumulation in the copper film
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711.0804
Correction. Perfect simulation for a class of positive recurrent Markov chains
Correction to Annals of Applied Probability 17 (2007) 781--808 [doi:10.1214/105051607000000032].
math.PR
correction to annals of applied probability 17 2007 781808 doi101214105051607000000032
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711.0805
Fermion mass splitting, stability and naturalness problems in warped braneworld models
We generalize the Randall Sundrum warped braneworld model in six and higher dimension and propose a resolution to the mass hierarchy among the standard model fermions. The fine tuning problem in connection with the scalar mass however is shown to reappear in a new guise in five dimensional warped model when the two form antisymmetric tensor fields, a massless string mode, propagates in the bulk. Finally the issue of modulus stabilization is re-examined in presence of a bulk scalar by considering it's back-reaction on the background geometry. The role of higher derivative term of the bulk scalar is shown to be crucial to achieve modulus stabilization.
hep-th hep-ph
we generalize the randall sundrum warped braneworld model in six and higher dimension and propose a resolution to the mass hierarchy among the standard model fermions the fine tuning problem in connection with the scalar mass however is shown to reappear in a new guise in five dimensional warped model when the two form antisymmetric tensor fields a massless string mode propagates in the bulk finally the issue of modulus stabilization is reexamined in presence of a bulk scalar by considering its backreaction on the background geometry the role of higher derivative term of the bulk scalar is shown to be crucial to achieve modulus stabilization
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711.0806
The differential rotation of epsilon Eri from MOST data
From high-precision MOST photometry spanning 35 days the existence of two spots rotating with slightly differing periods is confirmed. From the marginal probability distribution of the derived differential rotation parameter k its expectation value as well as confidence limits are computed directly from the data. The result depends on the assumed range in inclination i, not on the shape of the prior distributions. Two cases have been considered: (a) The priors for angles, inclination i of the star and spot latitudes beta_1,2, are assumed to be constant over i, beta_1, and beta_2. (b) The priors are assumed to be constant over cosi, sin beta_1, and sin beta_2. In both cases the full range of inclination is considered: 0^o< = i< = 90^o. Scale-free parameters, i.e. periods and spot areas (in case of small spots) are taken logarithmically. Irrespective of the shape of the prior, k is restricted to 0.03 < = k < = 0.10 (one-sigma limits). The inclination i of the star is photometrically ill-defined.
astro-ph
from highprecision most photometry spanning 35 days the existence of two spots rotating with slightly differing periods is confirmed from the marginal probability distribution of the derived differential rotation parameter k its expectation value as well as confidence limits are computed directly from the data the result depends on the assumed range in inclination i not on the shape of the prior distributions two cases have been considered a the priors for angles inclination i of the star and spot latitudes beta_12 are assumed to be constant over i beta_1 and beta_2 b the priors are assumed to be constant over cosi sin beta_1 and sin beta_2 in both cases the full range of inclination is considered 0o i 90o scalefree parameters ie periods and spot areas in case of small spots are taken logarithmically irrespective of the shape of the prior k is restricted to 003 k 010 onesigma limits the inclination i of the star is photometrically illdefined
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711.0807
Functional approach for excess mass estimation in the density model
We consider a multivariate density model where we estimate the excess mass of the unknown probability density $f$ at a given level $\nu>0$ from $n$ i.i.d. observed random variables. This problem has several applications such as multimodality testing, density contour clustering, anomaly detection, classification and so on. For the first time in the literature we estimate the excess mass as an integrated functional of the unknown density $f$. We suggest an estimator and evaluate its rate of convergence, when $f$ belongs to general Besov smoothness classes, for several risk measures. A particular care is devoted to implementation and numerical study of the studied procedure. It appears that our procedure improves the plug-in estimator of the excess mass.
math.ST stat.TH
we consider a multivariate density model where we estimate the excess mass of the unknown probability density f at a given level nu0 from n iid observed random variables this problem has several applications such as multimodality testing density contour clustering anomaly detection classification and so on for the first time in the literature we estimate the excess mass as an integrated functional of the unknown density f we suggest an estimator and evaluate its rate of convergence when f belongs to general besov smoothness classes for several risk measures a particular care is devoted to implementation and numerical study of the studied procedure it appears that our procedure improves the plugin estimator of the excess mass
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