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711.3708
Equations in a free group. Elementary theory
We prove the decidability of the elementary theory of a free group.
math.GM
we prove the decidability of the elementary theory of a free group
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711.3709
Measurement of the $\beta^+$ and orbital electron-capture decay rates in fully-ionized, hydrogen-like, and helium-like $^{140}$Pr ions
We report on the first measurement of the $\beta^+$- and orbital electron capture decay rates of $^{140}$Pr nuclei with the most simple electron configurations: bare nuclei, hydrogen-like and helium-like ions. The measured electron capture decay constant of hydrogen-like $^{140}$Pr$^{58+}$ ions is about 50% larger than that of helium-like $^{140}$Pr$^{57+}$ ions. Moreover, $^{140}$Pr ions with one bound electron decay faster than neutral $^{140}$Pr$^{0+}$ atoms with 59 electrons. To explain this peculiar observation one has to take into account the conservation of the total angular momentum, since only particular spin orientations of the nucleus and of the captured electron can contribute to the allowed decay.
nucl-ex
we report on the first measurement of the beta and orbital electron capture decay rates of 140pr nuclei with the most simple electron configurations bare nuclei hydrogenlike and heliumlike ions the measured electron capture decay constant of hydrogenlike 140pr58 ions is about 50 larger than that of heliumlike 140pr57 ions moreover 140pr ions with one bound electron decay faster than neutral 140pr0 atoms with 59 electrons to explain this peculiar observation one has to take into account the conservation of the total angular momentum since only particular spin orientations of the nucleus and of the captured electron can contribute to the allowed decay
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711.371
Robustness of the European power grids under intentional attack
The power grid defines one of the most important technological networks of our times and sustains our complex society. It has evolved for more than a century into an extremely huge and seemingly robust and well understood system. But it becomes extremely fragile as well, when unexpected, usually minimal, failures turn into unknown dynamical behaviours leading, for example, to sudden and massive blackouts. Here we explore the fragility of the European power grid under the effect of selective node removal. A mean field analysis of fragility against attacks is presented together with the observed patterns. Deviations from the theoretical conditions for network percolation (and fragmentation) under attacks are analysed and correlated with non topological reliability measures.
physics.soc-ph
the power grid defines one of the most important technological networks of our times and sustains our complex society it has evolved for more than a century into an extremely huge and seemingly robust and well understood system but it becomes extremely fragile as well when unexpected usually minimal failures turn into unknown dynamical behaviours leading for example to sudden and massive blackouts here we explore the fragility of the european power grid under the effect of selective node removal a mean field analysis of fragility against attacks is presented together with the observed patterns deviations from the theoretical conditions for network percolation and fragmentation under attacks are analysed and correlated with non topological reliability measures
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711.3711
Orbits of parabolic subgroups on metabelian ideals
We consider the action of a parabolic subgroup of the General Linear Group on a metabelian ideal. For those actions, we classify actions with finitely many orbits using methods from representation theory.
math.RT
we consider the action of a parabolic subgroup of the general linear group on a metabelian ideal for those actions we classify actions with finitely many orbits using methods from representation theory
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711.3712
Thermal Hadronization, Hawking-Unruh Radiation and Event Horizon in QCD
Because of colour confinement, the physical vacuum forms an event horizon for quarks and gluons; this can be crossed only by quantum tunneling, i.e., through the QCD counterpart of Hawking radiation by black holes. Since such radiation cannot transmit information to the outside, it must be thermal, of a temperature determined by the strong force at the confinement surface, and it must maintain colour neutrality. The resulting process provides a common mechanism for thermal hadron production in high energy interactions, from $e^+e^-$ annihilation to heavy ion collisions. The analogy with black-hole event horizon suggests a dependence of the hadronization temperature on the baryon density.
hep-ph
because of colour confinement the physical vacuum forms an event horizon for quarks and gluons this can be crossed only by quantum tunneling ie through the qcd counterpart of hawking radiation by black holes since such radiation cannot transmit information to the outside it must be thermal of a temperature determined by the strong force at the confinement surface and it must maintain colour neutrality the resulting process provides a common mechanism for thermal hadron production in high energy interactions from ee annihilation to heavy ion collisions the analogy with blackhole event horizon suggests a dependence of the hadronization temperature on the baryon density
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711.3713
Dissipation due to fermions in inflaton equations of motion
According to quantum field theory, the inflaton equation of motion does not have the local form that is generally assumed for cosmological purposes. In particular, earlier investigations of the nonequilibrium dynamics of an inflaton that decays into scalar particles suggest that the loss of inflaton energy is not well approximated by the local friction term derived from linear response theory. We extend this analysis to the case of an inflaton that decays into fermions, and reach broadly the same conclusion.
hep-ph
according to quantum field theory the inflaton equation of motion does not have the local form that is generally assumed for cosmological purposes in particular earlier investigations of the nonequilibrium dynamics of an inflaton that decays into scalar particles suggest that the loss of inflaton energy is not well approximated by the local friction term derived from linear response theory we extend this analysis to the case of an inflaton that decays into fermions and reach broadly the same conclusion
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711.3714
Remote controlled-NOT gate of d-dimension
Single qubit rotation gate and the controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate constitute a complete set of gates for universal quantum computation. In general the CNOT gate are only for two nearby qubits. For two qubits which are remote from each other, we need a series of swap gates to transfer these two qubits to the nearest neighboring sites, and then after the CNOT gate we should transfer them to their original sites again. However, a series of swap gates are resource for quantum information processing. One economy way which does not consume so much resource is to implement CNOT gate remotely. The remote CNOT gate is to implement the CNOT gate for two remotely separated qubits with the help of one additional maximally entangled state. The original remote CNOT gate is for two qubits, here we will present the d-dimensional remote CNOT gate. The role of quantum teleportation is identified in the process of the remote CNOT gate.
quant-ph
single qubit rotation gate and the controllednot cnot gate constitute a complete set of gates for universal quantum computation in general the cnot gate are only for two nearby qubits for two qubits which are remote from each other we need a series of swap gates to transfer these two qubits to the nearest neighboring sites and then after the cnot gate we should transfer them to their original sites again however a series of swap gates are resource for quantum information processing one economy way which does not consume so much resource is to implement cnot gate remotely the remote cnot gate is to implement the cnot gate for two remotely separated qubits with the help of one additional maximally entangled state the original remote cnot gate is for two qubits here we will present the ddimensional remote cnot gate the role of quantum teleportation is identified in the process of the remote cnot gate
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711.3715
Using Entanglement in Quantum Multi-Prover Interactive Proofs
The central question in quantum multi-prover interactive proof systems is whether or not entanglement shared between provers affects the verification power of the proof system. We study for the first time positive aspects of prior entanglement and show that entanglement is useful even for honest provers. We show how to use shared entanglement to parallelize any multi-prover quantum interactive proof system to a one-round system with perfect completeness, with one extra prover. Alternatively, we can also parallelize to a three-turn system with the same number of provers, where the verifier only broadcasts the outcome of a coin flip. This "public-coin" property is somewhat surprising, since in the classical case public-coin multi-prover interactive proofs are equivalent to single prover ones.
quant-ph
the central question in quantum multiprover interactive proof systems is whether or not entanglement shared between provers affects the verification power of the proof system we study for the first time positive aspects of prior entanglement and show that entanglement is useful even for honest provers we show how to use shared entanglement to parallelize any multiprover quantum interactive proof system to a oneround system with perfect completeness with one extra prover alternatively we can also parallelize to a threeturn system with the same number of provers where the verifier only broadcasts the outcome of a coin flip this publiccoin property is somewhat surprising since in the classical case publiccoin multiprover interactive proofs are equivalent to single prover ones
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711.3716
Network synchronization of groups
In this paper we study synchronized motions in complex networks in which there are distinct groups of nodes where the dynamical systems on each node within a group are the same but are different for nodes in different groups. Both continuous time and discrete time systems are considered. We initially focus on the case where two groups are present and the network has bipartite topology (i.e., links exist between nodes in different groups but not between nodes in the same group). We also show that group synchronous motions are compatible with more general network topologies, where there are also connections within the groups.
cond-mat.dis-nn
in this paper we study synchronized motions in complex networks in which there are distinct groups of nodes where the dynamical systems on each node within a group are the same but are different for nodes in different groups both continuous time and discrete time systems are considered we initially focus on the case where two groups are present and the network has bipartite topology ie links exist between nodes in different groups but not between nodes in the same group we also show that group synchronous motions are compatible with more general network topologies where there are also connections within the groups
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711.3717
Measurement of Inclusive Jet Cross Sections in Z/g* (-> ee)+jets Production in ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
Inclusive jet cross sections in Z/gamma^* events, with Z/gamma^* decaying into an electron-positron pair, are measured as a function of jet transverse momentum and jet multiplicity in ppbar collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV with the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab in Run II, based on an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb^-1. The measurements cover the rapidity region | yjet | < 2.1 and the transverse momentum range ptjet > 30 GeV/c. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions are in good agreement with the measured cross sections.
hep-ex
inclusive jet cross sections in zgamma events with zgamma decaying into an electronpositron pair are measured as a function of jet transverse momentum and jet multiplicity in ppbar collisions at sqrts 196 tev with the upgraded collider detector at fermilab in run ii based on an integrated luminosity of 17 fb1 the measurements cover the rapidity region yjet 21 and the transverse momentum range ptjet 30 gevc nexttoleading order perturbative qcd predictions are in good agreement with the measured cross sections
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711.3718
A continuous non-linear shadowing model of columnar growth
We propose the first continuous model with long range screening (shadowing) that described columnar growth in one space dimension, as observed in plasma sputter deposition. It is based on a new continuous partial derivative equation with non-linear diffusion and where the shadowing effects apply on all the different processes.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we propose the first continuous model with long range screening shadowing that described columnar growth in one space dimension as observed in plasma sputter deposition it is based on a new continuous partial derivative equation with nonlinear diffusion and where the shadowing effects apply on all the different processes
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711.3719
Disordered ensembles of random matrices
It is shown that the families of generalized matrix ensembles recently considered which give rise to an orthogonal invariant stable L\'{e}vy ensemble can be generated by the simple procedure of dividing Gaussian matrices by a random variable. The nonergodicity of this kind of disordered ensembles is investigated. It is shown that the same procedure applied to random graphs gives rise to a family that interpolates between the Erd\"{o}s-Renyi and the scale free models.
cond-mat.stat-mech
it is shown that the families of generalized matrix ensembles recently considered which give rise to an orthogonal invariant stable levy ensemble can be generated by the simple procedure of dividing gaussian matrices by a random variable the nonergodicity of this kind of disordered ensembles is investigated it is shown that the same procedure applied to random graphs gives rise to a family that interpolates between the erdosrenyi and the scale free models
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711.372
How unusual was autumn 2006 in Europe?
The temperatures in large parts of Europe have been record high during the meteorological autumn of 2006. Compared to 1961-1990, the 2m temperature was more than three degrees Celsius above normal from the North side of the Alps to southern Norway. This made it by far the warmest autumn on record in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, with the records in Central England going back to 1659, in the Netherlands to 1706 and in Denmark to 1768. Assuming that the mean of the temperature distribution changes proportional to the global mean temperature, but the shape remains the same includes to first order the effects of global warming. Even under this assumption the autumn temperatures were very unusual, with estimates of the return time of 200 to 2000 years in this region. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval is more than 100 to 300 years. Climate models that simulate the current atmospheric circulation well underestimate the observed mean rise in autumn temperatures. They do not simulate a change in the shape of the distribution that would increase the probability of warm events under global warming. This implies that the warm autumn 2006 either was a very rare coincidence, or the local temperature rise is much stronger than modelled, or non-linear physics that is missing from these models increases the probability of warm extremes.
physics.ao-ph
the temperatures in large parts of europe have been record high during the meteorological autumn of 2006 compared to 19611990 the 2m temperature was more than three degrees celsius above normal from the north side of the alps to southern norway this made it by far the warmest autumn on record in the united kingdom belgium the netherlands denmark germany and switzerland with the records in central england going back to 1659 in the netherlands to 1706 and in denmark to 1768 assuming that the mean of the temperature distribution changes proportional to the global mean temperature but the shape remains the same includes to first order the effects of global warming even under this assumption the autumn temperatures were very unusual with estimates of the return time of 200 to 2000 years in this region the lower bound of the 95 confidence interval is more than 100 to 300 years climate models that simulate the current atmospheric circulation well underestimate the observed mean rise in autumn temperatures they do not simulate a change in the shape of the distribution that would increase the probability of warm events under global warming this implies that the warm autumn 2006 either was a very rare coincidence or the local temperature rise is much stronger than modelled or nonlinear physics that is missing from these models increases the probability of warm extremes
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711.3721
Dynamical analysis on heavy-ion fusion reactions near Coulomb barrier
The shell correction is proposed in the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model, which plays an important role in heavy-ion fusion reactions near Coulomb barrier. By using the ImIQMD model, the static and dynamical fusion barriers, dynamical barrier distribution in the fusion reactions are analyzed systematically. The fusion and capture excitation functions for a series of reaction systems are calculated and compared with experimental data. It is found that the fusion cross sections for neutron-rich systems increase obviously, and the strong shell effects of two colliding nuclei result in a decrease of the fusion cross sections at the sub-barrier energies. The lowering of the dynamical fusion barriers favors the enhancement of the sub-barrier fusion cross sections, which is related to the nucleon transfer and the neck formation in the fusion reactions.
nucl-th
the shell correction is proposed in the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics imiqmd model which plays an important role in heavyion fusion reactions near coulomb barrier by using the imiqmd model the static and dynamical fusion barriers dynamical barrier distribution in the fusion reactions are analyzed systematically the fusion and capture excitation functions for a series of reaction systems are calculated and compared with experimental data it is found that the fusion cross sections for neutronrich systems increase obviously and the strong shell effects of two colliding nuclei result in a decrease of the fusion cross sections at the subbarrier energies the lowering of the dynamical fusion barriers favors the enhancement of the subbarrier fusion cross sections which is related to the nucleon transfer and the neck formation in the fusion reactions
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711.3722
The Hunting of the Hopf Ring
We provide a new algebraic description of the structure on the set of all unstable cohomology operations for a suitable generalised cohomology theory, E^*. Our description is as a graded and completed version of a Tall-Wraith monoid. The E^*-cohomology of a space X is a module for this Tall-Wraith monoid. We also show that the corresponding Hopf ring of unstable co-operations is a module for the Tall-Wraith monoid of unstable operations. Further examples are provided by considering operations from one theory to another.
math.AT math.KT math.RA
we provide a new algebraic description of the structure on the set of all unstable cohomology operations for a suitable generalised cohomology theory e our description is as a graded and completed version of a tallwraith monoid the ecohomology of a space x is a module for this tallwraith monoid we also show that the corresponding hopf ring of unstable cooperations is a module for the tallwraith monoid of unstable operations further examples are provided by considering operations from one theory to another
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711.3723
Solar system tests of the cosmological constant
We discuss the influence of the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ on the gravitational equations of motion of bodies with arbitrary masses and eventually solve the two-body problem. Observational constraints are derived from measurements of the periastron advance in stellar systems, in particular binary pulsars and the solar system. For the latter we consider also the change in the mean motion due to $\Lambda$. Up to now, Earth and Mars data give the best constraint, $\Lambda \sim 10^{-36} \mathrm{km}^{-2}$. If properly accounting for the gravito-magnetic effect, this upper limit on $\Lambda$ could greatly improve in the near future thanks to new data from planned or already operating space-missions. Dark matter or modifications of the Newtonian inverse-square law in the solar system are discussed as well. Variations in the $1/r^2$ behavior are considered in the form of either a possible Yukawa-like interaction or a modification of gravity of MOND type.
astro-ph
we discuss the influence of the cosmological constant lambda on the gravitational equations of motion of bodies with arbitrary masses and eventually solve the twobody problem observational constraints are derived from measurements of the periastron advance in stellar systems in particular binary pulsars and the solar system for the latter we consider also the change in the mean motion due to lambda up to now earth and mars data give the best constraint lambda sim 1036 mathrmkm2 if properly accounting for the gravitomagnetic effect this upper limit on lambda could greatly improve in the near future thanks to new data from planned or already operating spacemissions dark matter or modifications of the newtonian inversesquare law in the solar system are discussed as well variations in the 1r2 behavior are considered in the form of either a possible yukawalike interaction or a modification of gravity of mond type
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711.3724
The Importance of Correlations and Fluctuations on the Initial Source Eccentricity in High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
In this paper, we investigate various ways of defining the initial source eccentricity using the Monte Carlo Glauber (MCG) approach. In particular, we examine the participant eccentricity, which quantifies the eccentricity of the initial source shape by the major axes of the ellipse formed by the interaction points of the participating nucleons. We show that reasonable variation of the density parameters in the Glauber calculation, as well as variations in how matter production is modeled, do not significantly modify the already established behavior of the participant eccentricity as a function of collision centrality. Focusing on event-by-event fluctuations and correlations of the distributions of participating nucleons we demonstrate that, depending on the achieved event-plane resolution, fluctuations in the elliptic flow magnitude $v_2$ lead to most measurements being sensitive to the root-mean-square, rather than the mean of the $v_2$ distribution. Neglecting correlations among participants, we derive analytical expressions for the participant eccentricity cumulants as a function of the number of participating nucleons, $\Npart$,keeping non-negligible contributions up to $\ordof{1/\Npart^3}$. We find that the derived expressions yield the same results as obtained from mixed-event MCG calculations which remove the correlations stemming from the nuclear collision process. Most importantly, we conclude from the comparison with MCG calculations that the fourth order participant eccentricity cumulant does not approach the spatial anisotropy obtained assuming a smooth nuclear matter distribution. In particular, for the Cu+Cu system, these quantities deviate from each other by almost a factor of two over a wide range in centrality.
nucl-ex nucl-th
in this paper we investigate various ways of defining the initial source eccentricity using the monte carlo glauber mcg approach in particular we examine the participant eccentricity which quantifies the eccentricity of the initial source shape by the major axes of the ellipse formed by the interaction points of the participating nucleons we show that reasonable variation of the density parameters in the glauber calculation as well as variations in how matter production is modeled do not significantly modify the already established behavior of the participant eccentricity as a function of collision centrality focusing on eventbyevent fluctuations and correlations of the distributions of participating nucleons we demonstrate that depending on the achieved eventplane resolution fluctuations in the elliptic flow magnitude v_2 lead to most measurements being sensitive to the rootmeansquare rather than the mean of the v_2 distribution neglecting correlations among participants we derive analytical expressions for the participant eccentricity cumulants as a function of the number of participating nucleons npartkeeping nonnegligible contributions up to ordof1npart3 we find that the derived expressions yield the same results as obtained from mixedevent mcg calculations which remove the correlations stemming from the nuclear collision process most importantly we conclude from the comparison with mcg calculations that the fourth order participant eccentricity cumulant does not approach the spatial anisotropy obtained assuming a smooth nuclear matter distribution in particular for the cucu system these quantities deviate from each other by almost a factor of two over a wide range in centrality
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711.3725
Femtosecond non-equilibrium dynamics of clusters irradiated with short intense VUV pulses
The kinetic Boltzmann equation is used to model the non-equilibrium ionization phase that initiates the evolution of atomic clusters irradiated with single pulses of intense vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The duration of the pulses is < 50 fs and their intensity in the focus is < 10^{14} W/cm^2. This statistical model includes various processes contributing to the sample dynamics at this particular radiation wavelength, and is computationally efficient also for large samples. Two effects are investigated in detail: the impact of the electron heating rate and the effect of the plasma environment on the overall ionization dynamics. Results on the maximal ion charge, the average ion charge and the average energy absorbed per atom estimated with this model are compared to the experimental data obtained at the free-electron-laser facility FLASH at DESY. Our analysis confirms that the dynamics within the irradiated samples is complex, and the total ionization rate is the resultant of various processes. In particular, within the theoretical framework defined in this model the high charge states as observed in experiment cannot be obtained with the standard heating rates derived with Coulomb atomic potentials. Such high charge states can be created with the enhanced heating rates derived with the effective atomic potentials. The modification of ionization potentials by plasma environment is found to have less effect on the ionization dynamics than the electron heating rate. We believe that our results are a step towards better understanding the dynamics within the samples irradiated with intense VUV radiation.
physics.plasm-ph hep-ph
the kinetic boltzmann equation is used to model the nonequilibrium ionization phase that initiates the evolution of atomic clusters irradiated with single pulses of intense vacuum ultraviolet radiation the duration of the pulses is 50 fs and their intensity in the focus is 1014 wcm2 this statistical model includes various processes contributing to the sample dynamics at this particular radiation wavelength and is computationally efficient also for large samples two effects are investigated in detail the impact of the electron heating rate and the effect of the plasma environment on the overall ionization dynamics results on the maximal ion charge the average ion charge and the average energy absorbed per atom estimated with this model are compared to the experimental data obtained at the freeelectronlaser facility flash at desy our analysis confirms that the dynamics within the irradiated samples is complex and the total ionization rate is the resultant of various processes in particular within the theoretical framework defined in this model the high charge states as observed in experiment cannot be obtained with the standard heating rates derived with coulomb atomic potentials such high charge states can be created with the enhanced heating rates derived with the effective atomic potentials the modification of ionization potentials by plasma environment is found to have less effect on the ionization dynamics than the electron heating rate we believe that our results are a step towards better understanding the dynamics within the samples irradiated with intense vuv radiation
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711.3726
Let's get the student into the driver's seat
Speaking a language and achieving proficiency in another one is a highly complex process which requires the acquisition of various kinds of knowledge and skills, like the learning of words, rules and patterns and their connection to communicative goals (intentions), the usual starting point. To help the learner to acquire these skills we propose an enhanced, electronic version of an age old method: pattern drills (henceforth PDs). While being highly regarded in the fifties, PDs have become unpopular since then, partially because of their lack of grounding (natural context) and rigidity. Despite these shortcomings we do believe in the virtues of this approach, at least with regard to the acquisition of basic linguistic reflexes or skills (automatisms), necessary to survive in the new language. Of course, the method needs improvement, and we will show here how this can be achieved. Unlike tapes or books, computers are open media, allowing for dynamic changes, taking users' performances and preferences into account. Building an electronic version of PDs amounts to building an open resource, accomodatable to the users' ever changing needs.
cs.CL
speaking a language and achieving proficiency in another one is a highly complex process which requires the acquisition of various kinds of knowledge and skills like the learning of words rules and patterns and their connection to communicative goals intentions the usual starting point to help the learner to acquire these skills we propose an enhanced electronic version of an age old method pattern drills henceforth pds while being highly regarded in the fifties pds have become unpopular since then partially because of their lack of grounding natural context and rigidity despite these shortcomings we do believe in the virtues of this approach at least with regard to the acquisition of basic linguistic reflexes or skills automatisms necessary to survive in the new language of course the method needs improvement and we will show here how this can be achieved unlike tapes or books computers are open media allowing for dynamic changes taking users performances and preferences into account building an electronic version of pds amounts to building an open resource accomodatable to the users ever changing needs
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711.3727
The iterated Aluthge transforms of a matrix converge
Given an $r\times r$ complex matrix $T$, if $T=U|T|$ is the polar decomposition of $T$, then, the Aluthge transform is defined by $$ \Delta(T)= |T|^{1/2} U |T |^{1/2}. $$ Let $\Delta^{n}(T)$ denote the n-times iterated Aluthge transform of $T$, i.e. $\Delta^{0}(T)=T$ and $\Delta^{n}(T)=\Delta(\Delta^{n-1}(T))$, $n\in\mathbb{N}$. We prove that the sequence $\{\Delta^{n}(T)\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ converges for every $r\times r$ matrix $T$. This result was conjecturated by Jung, Ko and Pearcy in 2003. We also analyze the regularity of the limit function.
math.FA math.DS
given an rtimes r complex matrix t if tut is the polar decomposition of t then the aluthge transform is defined by deltat t12 u t 12 let deltant denote the ntimes iterated aluthge transform of t ie delta0tt and deltantdeltadeltan1t ninmathbbn we prove that the sequence deltant_ninmathbbn converges for every rtimes r matrix t this result was conjecturated by jung ko and pearcy in 2003 we also analyze the regularity of the limit function
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711.3728
The fundamental group of period domains over finite fields
We determine the fundamental group of period domains over finite fields.
math.AG
we determine the fundamental group of period domains over finite fields
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711.3729
Schwinger Representation for the Symmetric Group: Two explicit constructions for the Carrier Space
We give two explicit construction for the carrier space for the Schwinger representation of the group $S_n$. While the first relies on a class of functions consisting of monomials in antisymmetric variables, the second is based on the Fock space associated with the Greenberg algebra.
quant-ph
we give two explicit construction for the carrier space for the schwinger representation of the group s_n while the first relies on a class of functions consisting of monomials in antisymmetric variables the second is based on the fock space associated with the greenberg algebra
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711.373
Cloud formation in giant planets
We calculate the formation of dust clouds in atmospheres of giant gas-planets. The chemical structure and the evolution of the grain size distribution in the dust cloud layer is discussed based on a consistent treatment of seed formation, growth/evaporation and gravitational settling. Future developments are shortly addressed.
astro-ph
we calculate the formation of dust clouds in atmospheres of giant gasplanets the chemical structure and the evolution of the grain size distribution in the dust cloud layer is discussed based on a consistent treatment of seed formation growthevaporation and gravitational settling future developments are shortly addressed
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711.3731
Effects of relative phase and interactions on atom-laser outcoupling from a double-well Bose-Einstein condensate: Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics
We investigate aspects of the dynamics of a continuous atom-laser scheme based on the merging of independently formed atomic condensates. Our theoretical analysis covers the Markovian as well as the non-Markovian operational regimes, and is based on a semiclassical (mean-field) two-mode model. The role of the relative phase between the two condensates and the effect of interatomic interactions on the evolution of the trapped populations and the distribution of outcoupled atoms are discussed.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
we investigate aspects of the dynamics of a continuous atomlaser scheme based on the merging of independently formed atomic condensates our theoretical analysis covers the markovian as well as the nonmarkovian operational regimes and is based on a semiclassical meanfield twomode model the role of the relative phase between the two condensates and the effect of interatomic interactions on the evolution of the trapped populations and the distribution of outcoupled atoms are discussed
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711.3732
Quantum control using diabatic and adiabatic transitions
We exploit the concept of Landau-Zener transitions at avoided energy crossings as a quantum-control tool. In an avoided crossing the two quantum states interchange their characteristics as an external parameter is varied. Depending on the rate of change of the parameter it is possible to control the final state. We use this simple idea to travel along the energy spectrum of a realistic system: two interacting electrons confined in a quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor system.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we exploit the concept of landauzener transitions at avoided energy crossings as a quantumcontrol tool in an avoided crossing the two quantum states interchange their characteristics as an external parameter is varied depending on the rate of change of the parameter it is possible to control the final state we use this simple idea to travel along the energy spectrum of a realistic system two interacting electrons confined in a quasionedimensional semiconductor system
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711.3733
On a direct approach to quasideterminant solutions of a noncommutative modified KP equation
A noncommutative version of the modified KP equation and a family of its solutions expressed as quasideterminants are discussed. The origin of these solutions is explained by means of Darboux transformations and the solutions are verified directly. We also verify directly an explicit connection between quasideterminant solutions of the noncommutative mKP equation and the noncommutative KP equation arising from the Miura transformation.
nlin.SI
a noncommutative version of the modified kp equation and a family of its solutions expressed as quasideterminants are discussed the origin of these solutions is explained by means of darboux transformations and the solutions are verified directly we also verify directly an explicit connection between quasideterminant solutions of the noncommutative mkp equation and the noncommutative kp equation arising from the miura transformation
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711.3734
The mid IR -- hard X-ray correlation in AGN and its implications for dusty torus models
Context: We investigate mid-infrared and X-ray properties of the dusty torus invoked in the unification scenario for active galactic nuclei. Aims: We use the relation between mid IR and hard X-ray luminosities to constrain the geometry and physical state of the dusty torus. Methods: We present new VISIR observations of 17 nearby AGN and combine these with our earlier VISIR sample of 8 Seyfert galaxies. Combining these observations with X-ray data from the literature we study the correlation between their mid IR and hard X-ray luminosities. Results: A statistically highly significant correlation between the rest frame 12.3 mircon (L_MIR) and 2-10 keV (L_X) luminosities is found. Furthermore, with a probability of 97%, we find that Sy 1 and Sy 2 have the same distribution of L_MIR over L_X. Conclusions: The high resolution of our MIR imaging allows us to exclude any significant non-torus contribution to the AGN mid IR continuum,thereby implying that the similarity in the L_MIR / L_X ratio between Sy 1s and Sy 2s is intrinsic to AGN. We argue that this is best explained by clumpy torus models. The slope of the correlation is in good agreement with the expectations from the unified scenario and indicates little to no change of the torus geometry with luminosity. In addition, we demonstrate that the high angular resolution is crucial for AGN studies in the IR regime.
astro-ph
context we investigate midinfrared and xray properties of the dusty torus invoked in the unification scenario for active galactic nuclei aims we use the relation between mid ir and hard xray luminosities to constrain the geometry and physical state of the dusty torus methods we present new visir observations of 17 nearby agn and combine these with our earlier visir sample of 8 seyfert galaxies combining these observations with xray data from the literature we study the correlation between their mid ir and hard xray luminosities results a statistically highly significant correlation between the rest frame 123 mircon l_mir and 210 kev l_x luminosities is found furthermore with a probability of 97 we find that sy 1 and sy 2 have the same distribution of l_mir over l_x conclusions the high resolution of our mir imaging allows us to exclude any significant nontorus contribution to the agn mid ir continuumthereby implying that the similarity in the l_mir l_x ratio between sy 1s and sy 2s is intrinsic to agn we argue that this is best explained by clumpy torus models the slope of the correlation is in good agreement with the expectations from the unified scenario and indicates little to no change of the torus geometry with luminosity in addition we demonstrate that the high angular resolution is crucial for agn studies in the ir regime
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711.3735
Local entanglement of multidimensional continuous-variable systems
We study the `local entanglement' remaining after filtering operations corresponding to imperfect measurements performed by one or both parties, such that the parties can only determine whether or not the system is located in some region of space. The local entanglement in pure states of general bipartite multidimensional continuous-variable systems can be completely determined through simple expressions. We apply our approach to semiclassical WKB systems, multi-dimensional harmonic oscillators, and a hydrogen atom as three examples.
quant-ph
we study the local entanglement remaining after filtering operations corresponding to imperfect measurements performed by one or both parties such that the parties can only determine whether or not the system is located in some region of space the local entanglement in pure states of general bipartite multidimensional continuousvariable systems can be completely determined through simple expressions we apply our approach to semiclassical wkb systems multidimensional harmonic oscillators and a hydrogen atom as three examples
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711.3736
The Chabauty space of closed subgroups of the three-dimensional Heisenberg group
When equipped with the natural topology first defined by Chabauty, the closed subgroups of a locally compact group $G$ form a compact space $\Cal C(G)$. We analyse the structure of $\Cal C(G)$ for some low-dimensional Lie groups, concentrating mostly on the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group $H$. We prove that $\Cal C(H)$ is a 6-dimensional space that is path--connected but not locally connected. The lattices in $H$ form a dense open subset $\Cal L(H) \subset \Cal C(H)$ that is the disjoint union of an infinite sequence of pairwise--homeomorphic aspherical manifolds of dimension six, each a torus bundle over $(\bold S^3 \smallsetminus T) \times \bold R$, where $T$ denotes a trefoil knot. The complement of $\Cal L(H)$ in $\Cal C(H)$ is also described explicitly. The subspace of $\Cal C(H)$ consisting of subgroups that contain the centre $Z(H)$ is homeomorphic to the 4--sphere, and we prove that this is a weak retract of $\Cal C(H)$.
math.GR
when equipped with the natural topology first defined by chabauty the closed subgroups of a locally compact group g form a compact space cal cg we analyse the structure of cal cg for some lowdimensional lie groups concentrating mostly on the 3dimensional heisenberg group h we prove that cal ch is a 6dimensional space that is pathconnected but not locally connected the lattices in h form a dense open subset cal lh subset cal ch that is the disjoint union of an infinite sequence of pairwisehomeomorphic aspherical manifolds of dimension six each a torus bundle over bold s3 smallsetminus t times bold r where t denotes a trefoil knot the complement of cal lh in cal ch is also described explicitly the subspace of cal ch consisting of subgroups that contain the centre zh is homeomorphic to the 4sphere and we prove that this is a weak retract of cal ch
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711.3737
Anomalous scaling of conductance cumulants in one-dimensional Anderson localization
The mean and the variance of the logarithm of the conductance ($ln g$) in the localized regime in the one-dimensional Anderson model are calculated analytically for weak disorder, starting from the recursion relations for the complex reflection- and transmission amplitudes. The exact recursion relation for the reflection amplitudes is approximated by improved Born approximation forms which ensure that averaged reflection coefficients tend asymptotically to unity in the localized regime, for chain lengths $L=Na\to\infty$. In contrast the familiar Born approximation of perturbation theory would not be adapted for the localized regime since it constrains the reflection coefficient to be less than one. The proper behaviour of the reflection coefficient (and of other related reflection parameters) is responsible for various anomalies in the cumulants of $\ln g$, in particular for the well-known band center anomaly of the localization length. While a simple improved Born approximation is sufficient for studying cumulants at a generic band energy, we find that a generalized improved Born approximation is necessary to account satisfactorily for numerical results for the band center anomaly in the mean of $\ln g$. For the variance of $\ln g$ at the band center, we reveal the existence of a weak anomalous quadratic term proportional to $L^2$, besides the previously found anomaly in the linear term. At a generic band energy the variance of $\ln g$ is found to be linear in $L$ and is given by twice the mean, up to higher order corrections which are calculated. We also exhibit the $L=$independent offset terms in the variance, which strongly depend on reflection anomalies.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.dis-nn
the mean and the variance of the logarithm of the conductance ln g in the localized regime in the onedimensional anderson model are calculated analytically for weak disorder starting from the recursion relations for the complex reflection and transmission amplitudes the exact recursion relation for the reflection amplitudes is approximated by improved born approximation forms which ensure that averaged reflection coefficients tend asymptotically to unity in the localized regime for chain lengths lnatoinfty in contrast the familiar born approximation of perturbation theory would not be adapted for the localized regime since it constrains the reflection coefficient to be less than one the proper behaviour of the reflection coefficient and of other related reflection parameters is responsible for various anomalies in the cumulants of ln g in particular for the wellknown band center anomaly of the localization length while a simple improved born approximation is sufficient for studying cumulants at a generic band energy we find that a generalized improved born approximation is necessary to account satisfactorily for numerical results for the band center anomaly in the mean of ln g for the variance of ln g at the band center we reveal the existence of a weak anomalous quadratic term proportional to l2 besides the previously found anomaly in the linear term at a generic band energy the variance of ln g is found to be linear in l and is given by twice the mean up to higher order corrections which are calculated we also exhibit the lindependent offset terms in the variance which strongly depend on reflection anomalies
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711.3738
Simplicial Hochschild cochains as an Amitsur complex
It is shown that the cochain complex of relative Hochschild A-valued cochains of a depth two extension A | B under cup product is isomorphic as a differential graded algebra with the Amitsur complex of the coring S = End {}_BA_B over the centralizer R = A^B with grouplike element 1_S, which itself is isomorphic to the Cartier complex of S with coefficients in the (S,S)-bicomodule R^e. This specializes to finite dimensional algebras, H-separable extensions and Hopf-Galois extensions.
math.RA math.KT
it is shown that the cochain complex of relative hochschild avalued cochains of a depth two extension a b under cup product is isomorphic as a differential graded algebra with the amitsur complex of the coring s end _ba_b over the centralizer r ab with grouplike element 1_s which itself is isomorphic to the cartier complex of s with coefficients in the ssbicomodule re this specializes to finite dimensional algebras hseparable extensions and hopfgalois extensions
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711.3739
When GRB afterglows get softer, hard components come into play
We aim to investigate the ability of simple spectral models to describe the GRB early afterglow emission. We performed a time resolved spectral analysis of a bright GRB sample detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and promptly observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope,with spectroscopically measured redshift in the period April 2005 -- January 2007. The sample consists of 22 GRBs and a total of 214 spectra. We restricted our analysis to the softest spectra sub--sample which consists of 13 spectra with photon index > 3. In this sample we found that four spectra, belonging to GRB060502A, GRB060729, GRB060904B, GRB061110A prompt--afterglow transition phase, cannot be modeled neither by a single power law nor by the Band model. Instead we find that the data present high energy (> 3 keV, in the observer frame) excesses with respect to these models. We estimated the joint statistical significance of these excesses at the level of 4.3 sigma. In all four cases, the deviations can be modeled well by adding either a second power law or a blackbody component to the usual synchrotron power law spectrum. The additional power law would be explained by the emerging of the afterglow, while the blackbody could be interpreted as the photospheric emission from X-ray flares or as the shock breakout emission. In one case these models leave a 2.2 sigma excess which can be fit by a Gaussian line at the energy the highly ionized Nickel recombination. Although the data do not allow an unequivocal interpretation, the importance of this analysis consists in the fact that we show that a simple power law model or a Band model are insufficient to describe the X-ray spectra of a small homogeneous sample of GRBs at the end of their prompt phase.
astro-ph
we aim to investigate the ability of simple spectral models to describe the grb early afterglow emission we performed a time resolved spectral analysis of a bright grb sample detected by the swift burst alert telescope and promptly observed by the swift xray telescopewith spectroscopically measured redshift in the period april 2005 january 2007 the sample consists of 22 grbs and a total of 214 spectra we restricted our analysis to the softest spectra subsample which consists of 13 spectra with photon index 3 in this sample we found that four spectra belonging to grb060502a grb060729 grb060904b grb061110a promptafterglow transition phase cannot be modeled neither by a single power law nor by the band model instead we find that the data present high energy 3 kev in the observer frame excesses with respect to these models we estimated the joint statistical significance of these excesses at the level of 43 sigma in all four cases the deviations can be modeled well by adding either a second power law or a blackbody component to the usual synchrotron power law spectrum the additional power law would be explained by the emerging of the afterglow while the blackbody could be interpreted as the photospheric emission from xray flares or as the shock breakout emission in one case these models leave a 22 sigma excess which can be fit by a gaussian line at the energy the highly ionized nickel recombination although the data do not allow an unequivocal interpretation the importance of this analysis consists in the fact that we show that a simple power law model or a band model are insufficient to describe the xray spectra of a small homogeneous sample of grbs at the end of their prompt phase
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711.374
Study of size effects in thin films by means of a crystal plasticity theory based on DiFT
In a recent publication, we derived the mesoscale continuum theory of plasticity for multiple-slip systems of parallel edge dislocations, motivated by the statistical-based nonlocal continuum crystal plasticity theory for single-glide due to Yefimov et al. (2004b). In this dislocation field theory (DiFT) the transport equations for both the total dislocation densities and geometrically necessary dislocation densities on each slip system were obtained from the Peach-Koehler interactions through both single and pair dislocation correlations. The effect of pair correlation interactions manifested itself in the form of a back stress in addition to the external shear and the self-consistent internal stress. We here present the study of size effects in single crystalline thin films with symmetric double slip using the novel continuum theory. Two boundary value problems are analyzed: (1) stress relaxation in thin films on substrates subject to thermal loading, and (2) simple shear in constrained films. In these problems, earlier discrete dislocation simulations had shown that size effects are born out of layers of dislocations developing near constrained interfaces. These boundary layers depend on slip orientations and applied loading but are insensitive to the film thickness. We investigate stress response to changes in controlled parameters in both problems. Comparisons with previous discrete dislocation simulations are discussed.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
in a recent publication we derived the mesoscale continuum theory of plasticity for multipleslip systems of parallel edge dislocations motivated by the statisticalbased nonlocal continuum crystal plasticity theory for singleglide due to yefimov et al 2004b in this dislocation field theory dift the transport equations for both the total dislocation densities and geometrically necessary dislocation densities on each slip system were obtained from the peachkoehler interactions through both single and pair dislocation correlations the effect of pair correlation interactions manifested itself in the form of a back stress in addition to the external shear and the selfconsistent internal stress we here present the study of size effects in single crystalline thin films with symmetric double slip using the novel continuum theory two boundary value problems are analyzed 1 stress relaxation in thin films on substrates subject to thermal loading and 2 simple shear in constrained films in these problems earlier discrete dislocation simulations had shown that size effects are born out of layers of dislocations developing near constrained interfaces these boundary layers depend on slip orientations and applied loading but are insensitive to the film thickness we investigate stress response to changes in controlled parameters in both problems comparisons with previous discrete dislocation simulations are discussed
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711.3741
Data assimilation as a nonlinear dynamical systems problem: Stability and convergence of the prediction-assimilation system
We study prediction-assimilation systems, which have become routine in meteorology and oceanography and are rapidly spreading to other areas of the geosciences and of continuum physics. The long-term, nonlinear stability of such a system leads to the uniqueness of its sequentially estimated solutions and is required for the convergence of these solutions to the system's true, chaotic evolution. The key ideas of our approach are illustrated for a linearized Lorenz system. Stability of two nonlinear prediction-assimilation systems from dynamic meteorology is studied next via the complete spectrum of their Lyapunov exponents; these two systems are governed by a large set of ordinary and of partial differential equations, respectively. The degree of data-induced stabilization is crucial for the performance of such a system. This degree, in turn, depends on two key ingredients: (i) the observational network, either fixed or data-adaptive; and (ii) the assimilation method.
nlin.CD
we study predictionassimilation systems which have become routine in meteorology and oceanography and are rapidly spreading to other areas of the geosciences and of continuum physics the longterm nonlinear stability of such a system leads to the uniqueness of its sequentially estimated solutions and is required for the convergence of these solutions to the systems true chaotic evolution the key ideas of our approach are illustrated for a linearized lorenz system stability of two nonlinear predictionassimilation systems from dynamic meteorology is studied next via the complete spectrum of their lyapunov exponents these two systems are governed by a large set of ordinary and of partial differential equations respectively the degree of datainduced stabilization is crucial for the performance of such a system this degree in turn depends on two key ingredients i the observational network either fixed or dataadaptive and ii the assimilation method
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711.3742
Dynamic balancing of planar mechanisms using toric geometry
In this paper, a new method to determine the complete set of dynamically balanced planar four-bar mechanims is presented. Using complex variables to model the kinematics of the mechanism, the dynamic balancing constraints are written as algebraic equations over complex variables and joint angular velocities. After elimination of the joint angular velocity variables, the problem is formulated as a problem of factorization of Laurent polynomials. Using toric polynomial division, necessary and sufficient conditions for dynamic balancing of planar four-bar mechanisms are derived.
math.AG math.CV
in this paper a new method to determine the complete set of dynamically balanced planar fourbar mechanims is presented using complex variables to model the kinematics of the mechanism the dynamic balancing constraints are written as algebraic equations over complex variables and joint angular velocities after elimination of the joint angular velocity variables the problem is formulated as a problem of factorization of laurent polynomials using toric polynomial division necessary and sufficient conditions for dynamic balancing of planar fourbar mechanisms are derived
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711.3743
Exclusive rho^0 electroproduction on the proton : GPDs or not GPDs ?
We discuss the interpretation of the $ep\to ep\rho^0$ process in terms of, on the one hand, Generalized Parton Distributions and, on the other hand, an effective hadronic model based on Regge theory.
hep-ph
we discuss the interpretation of the epto eprho0 process in terms of on the one hand generalized parton distributions and on the other hand an effective hadronic model based on regge theory
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711.3744
Homogeneous nucleation of dislocations as bifurcations in a periodized discrete elasticity model
A novel analysis of homogeneous nucleation of dislocations in sheared two-dimensional crystals described by periodized discrete elasticity models is presented. When the crystal is sheared beyond a critical strain $F=F_{c}$, the strained dislocation-free state becomes unstable via a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation. Selecting a fixed final applied strain $F_{f}>F_{c}$, different simultaneously stable stationary configurations containing two or four edge dislocations may be reached by setting $F=F_{f}t/t_{r}$ during different time intervals $t_{r}$. At a characteristic time after $t_{r}$, one or two dipoles are nucleated, split, and the resulting two edge dislocations move in opposite directions to the sample boundary. Numerical continuation shows how configurations with different numbers of edge dislocation pairs emerge as bifurcations from the dislocation-free state.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
a novel analysis of homogeneous nucleation of dislocations in sheared twodimensional crystals described by periodized discrete elasticity models is presented when the crystal is sheared beyond a critical strain ff_c the strained dislocationfree state becomes unstable via a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation selecting a fixed final applied strain f_ff_c different simultaneously stable stationary configurations containing two or four edge dislocations may be reached by setting ff_ftt_r during different time intervals t_r at a characteristic time after t_r one or two dipoles are nucleated split and the resulting two edge dislocations move in opposite directions to the sample boundary numerical continuation shows how configurations with different numbers of edge dislocation pairs emerge as bifurcations from the dislocationfree state
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711.3745
Supersymmetry Inspired QCD Beta Function
We propose an all orders beta function for ordinary Yang-Mills theories with or without fermions inspired by the Novikov-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov beta function of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories. The beta function allows us to bound the conformal window. When restricting to one adjoint Weyl fermion we show how the proposed beta function matches the one of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The running of the pure Yang-Mills coupling is computed and the deviation from the two loop result is presented. We then compare the deviation with the one obtained from lattice data also with respect to the two loop running.
hep-th hep-lat hep-ph
we propose an all orders beta function for ordinary yangmills theories with or without fermions inspired by the novikovshifmanvainshteinzakharov beta function of n1 supersymmetric gauge theories the beta function allows us to bound the conformal window when restricting to one adjoint weyl fermion we show how the proposed beta function matches the one of supersymmetric yangmills theory the running of the pure yangmills coupling is computed and the deviation from the two loop result is presented we then compare the deviation with the one obtained from lattice data also with respect to the two loop running
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711.3746
Symmetries and Invariant Differential Pairings
The purpose of this article is to motivate the study of invariant, and especially conformally invariant, differential pairings. Since a general theory is lacking, this work merely presents some interesting examples of these pairings, explains how they naturally arise, and formulates various associated problems.
math.DG
the purpose of this article is to motivate the study of invariant and especially conformally invariant differential pairings since a general theory is lacking this work merely presents some interesting examples of these pairings explains how they naturally arise and formulates various associated problems
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711.3747
Proving the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof density functional designed for metallic bulk and surface systems
We test the accuracy of the revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation density functional (PBEsol) for metallic bulk and surface systems. It is shown that, on average, PBEsol yields equilibrium volumes and bulk moduli in close agreement with the former generalized gradient approximation (PBE) and two gradient level functionals derived from model system approach (LAG and AM05). On the other hand, for close-packed metal surfaces, PBEsol has the same performance as AM05, giving significantly larger surface energies than PBE and LAG.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we test the accuracy of the revised perdewburkeernzerhof exchangecorrelation density functional pbesol for metallic bulk and surface systems it is shown that on average pbesol yields equilibrium volumes and bulk moduli in close agreement with the former generalized gradient approximation pbe and two gradient level functionals derived from model system approach lag and am05 on the other hand for closepacked metal surfaces pbesol has the same performance as am05 giving significantly larger surface energies than pbe and lag
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711.3748
On the effect of weak disorder on the density of states in graphene
The effect of weak potential and bond disorder on the density of states of graphene is studied. By comparing the self-consistent non-crossing approximation on the honeycomb lattice with perturbation theory on the Dirac fermions, we conclude, that the linear density of states of pure graphene changes to a non-universal power-law, whose exponent depends on the strength of disorder like 1-4g/sqrt{3}t^2\pi, with g the variance of the Gaussian disorder, t the hopping integral. This can result in a significant suppression of the exponent of the density of states in the weak-disorder limit. We argue, that even a non-linear density of states can result in a conductivity being proportional to the number of charge carriers, in accordance with experimental findings.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
the effect of weak potential and bond disorder on the density of states of graphene is studied by comparing the selfconsistent noncrossing approximation on the honeycomb lattice with perturbation theory on the dirac fermions we conclude that the linear density of states of pure graphene changes to a nonuniversal powerlaw whose exponent depends on the strength of disorder like 14gsqrt3t2pi with g the variance of the gaussian disorder t the hopping integral this can result in a significant suppression of the exponent of the density of states in the weakdisorder limit we argue that even a nonlinear density of states can result in a conductivity being proportional to the number of charge carriers in accordance with experimental findings
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711.3749
From massive gravity to dark matter density
Massive gravity previously constructed as the spin-2 quantum gauge theory is studied in the classical limit. The vector-graviton field v which does not decouple in the limit of vanishing graviton mass gives rise to a modification of general relativity. The modified Schwarzschild solution contains a contribution which can be interpreted as the dark mass density. We calculate the density profile in the simplest spherically symmetric geometry.
hep-th
massive gravity previously constructed as the spin2 quantum gauge theory is studied in the classical limit the vectorgraviton field v which does not decouple in the limit of vanishing graviton mass gives rise to a modification of general relativity the modified schwarzschild solution contains a contribution which can be interpreted as the dark mass density we calculate the density profile in the simplest spherically symmetric geometry
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711.375
Star polymers in correlated disorder
We analyze the impact of a porous medium (structural disorder) on the scaling of the partition function of a star polymer immersed in a good solvent. We show that corresponding scaling exponents change if the disorder is long-range-correlated and calculate the exponents in the new universality class. A notable finding is that star and chain polymers react in qualitatively different manner on the presence of disorder: the corresponding scaling exponents increase for chains and decrease for stars. We discuss the physical consequences of this difference.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.dis-nn
we analyze the impact of a porous medium structural disorder on the scaling of the partition function of a star polymer immersed in a good solvent we show that corresponding scaling exponents change if the disorder is longrangecorrelated and calculate the exponents in the new universality class a notable finding is that star and chain polymers react in qualitatively different manner on the presence of disorder the corresponding scaling exponents increase for chains and decrease for stars we discuss the physical consequences of this difference
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711.3751
Triple GEM Detectors for the Forward Tracker in STAR
Future measurements of the flavor-separated spin structure of the proton via parity-violating W boson production at RHIC require an upgrade of the forward tracking system of the STAR detector. This upgrade will allow the reconstruction of the charge sign of electrons and positrons produced from decaying W bosons. A design based on six large area triple GEM disks using GEM foils produced by Tech-Etch Inc. has emerged as a cost-effective solution to provide the necessary tracking precision. We report first results from a beam test of three test detectors using Tech-Etch produced GEM foils and a laser etched two dimensional strip readout. The detectors show good operational stability, high efficiency and a spacial resolution of around 70 um or better, exceeding the requirements for the forward tracking upgrade. The influence of the angle of incidence of the particles on the spatial resolution of the detectors has also been studied in detail.
physics.ins-det
future measurements of the flavorseparated spin structure of the proton via parityviolating w boson production at rhic require an upgrade of the forward tracking system of the star detector this upgrade will allow the reconstruction of the charge sign of electrons and positrons produced from decaying w bosons a design based on six large area triple gem disks using gem foils produced by techetch inc has emerged as a costeffective solution to provide the necessary tracking precision we report first results from a beam test of three test detectors using techetch produced gem foils and a laser etched two dimensional strip readout the detectors show good operational stability high efficiency and a spacial resolution of around 70 um or better exceeding the requirements for the forward tracking upgrade the influence of the angle of incidence of the particles on the spatial resolution of the detectors has also been studied in detail
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711.3752
Adsorption of Multi-block and Random Copolymer on a Solid Surface: Critical Behavior and Phase Diagram
The adsorption of a single multi-block $AB$-copolymer on a solid planar substrate is investigated by means of computer simulations and scaling analysis. It is shown that the problem can be mapped onto an effective homopolymer adsorption problem. In particular we discuss how the critical adsorption energy and the fraction of adsorbed monomers depend on the block length $M$ of sticking monomers $A$, and on the total length $N$ of the polymer chains. Also the adsorption of the random copolymers is considered and found to be well described within the framework of the annealed approximation. For a better test of our theoretical prediction, two different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods were employed: a) off-lattice dynamic bead-spring model, based on the standard Metropolis algorithm (MA), and b) coarse-grained lattice model using the Pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) which enables tests for very long chains. The findings of both methods are fully consistent and in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
the adsorption of a single multiblock abcopolymer on a solid planar substrate is investigated by means of computer simulations and scaling analysis it is shown that the problem can be mapped onto an effective homopolymer adsorption problem in particular we discuss how the critical adsorption energy and the fraction of adsorbed monomers depend on the block length m of sticking monomers a and on the total length n of the polymer chains also the adsorption of the random copolymers is considered and found to be well described within the framework of the annealed approximation for a better test of our theoretical prediction two different monte carlo mc simulation methods were employed a offlattice dynamic beadspring model based on the standard metropolis algorithm ma and b coarsegrained lattice model using the prunedenriched rosenbluth method perm which enables tests for very long chains the findings of both methods are fully consistent and in good agreement with theoretical predictions
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711.3753
Swift captures the spectrally evolving prompt emission of GRB 070616
The origins of Gamma-ray Burst prompt emission are currently not well understood and in this context long, well-observed events are particularly important to study. We present the case of GRB 070616, analysing the exceptionally long-duration multipeaked prompt emission, and later afterglow, captured by all the instruments on-board Swift and by Suzaku WAM. The high energy light curve remained generally flat for several hundred seconds before going into a steep decline. Spectral evolution from hard to soft is clearly taking place throughout the prompt emission, beginning at 285 s after the trigger and extending to 1200 s. We track the movement of the spectral peak energy, whilst observing a softening of the low energy spectral slope. The steep decline in flux may be caused by a combination of this strong spectral evolution and the curvature effect. We investigate origins for the spectral evolution, ruling out a superposition of two power laws and considering instead an additional component dominant during the late prompt emission. We also discuss origins for the early optical emission and the physics of the afterglow. The case of GRB 070616 clearly demonstrates that both broadband coverage and good time resolution are crucial to pin down the origins of the complex prompt emission in GRBs.
astro-ph
the origins of gammaray burst prompt emission are currently not well understood and in this context long wellobserved events are particularly important to study we present the case of grb 070616 analysing the exceptionally longduration multipeaked prompt emission and later afterglow captured by all the instruments onboard swift and by suzaku wam the high energy light curve remained generally flat for several hundred seconds before going into a steep decline spectral evolution from hard to soft is clearly taking place throughout the prompt emission beginning at 285 s after the trigger and extending to 1200 s we track the movement of the spectral peak energy whilst observing a softening of the low energy spectral slope the steep decline in flux may be caused by a combination of this strong spectral evolution and the curvature effect we investigate origins for the spectral evolution ruling out a superposition of two power laws and considering instead an additional component dominant during the late prompt emission we also discuss origins for the early optical emission and the physics of the afterglow the case of grb 070616 clearly demonstrates that both broadband coverage and good time resolution are crucial to pin down the origins of the complex prompt emission in grbs
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711.3754
The trigger function of the space borne gamma-ray burst telescope ECLAIRs
Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) sign energetic explosions in the Universe, occurring at cosmological distances. Multi-wavelength observations of GRB allow to study their properties and to use them as cosmological tools. In 2012 the space borne gamma-ray telescope ECLAIRs is expected to provide accurate GRB localizations on the sky in near real-time, necessary for ground-based follow-up observations. Led by CEA Saclay, France, the project is currently in its technical design phase. ECLAIRs is optimized to detect highly red-shifted GRB thanks to a 4 keV low energy threshold. A coded mask telescope with a 1024 cm^2 detection plane of 80x80 CdTe pixels permanently observes a 2 sr sky field. The on-board trigger detects GRB using count-rate increase monitors on multiple time-scales and cyclic images. It computes sky images in the 4-50 keV energy range by de-convolving detector plane images with the mask pattern and localizes newly detected sources with <10 arcmin accuracy. While individual GRB photons are available hours later, GRB alerts are transmitted over a VHF network within seconds to ground, in particular to robotic follow-up telescopes, which refine GRB localizations to the level needed by large spectroscopic telescopes. This paper describes the ECLAIRs concept, with emphasis on the GRB triggering scheme.
astro-ph
gammaray bursts grb sign energetic explosions in the universe occurring at cosmological distances multiwavelength observations of grb allow to study their properties and to use them as cosmological tools in 2012 the space borne gammaray telescope eclairs is expected to provide accurate grb localizations on the sky in near realtime necessary for groundbased followup observations led by cea saclay france the project is currently in its technical design phase eclairs is optimized to detect highly redshifted grb thanks to a 4 kev low energy threshold a coded mask telescope with a 1024 cm2 detection plane of 80x80 cdte pixels permanently observes a 2 sr sky field the onboard trigger detects grb using countrate increase monitors on multiple timescales and cyclic images it computes sky images in the 450 kev energy range by deconvolving detector plane images with the mask pattern and localizes newly detected sources with 10 arcmin accuracy while individual grb photons are available hours later grb alerts are transmitted over a vhf network within seconds to ground in particular to robotic followup telescopes which refine grb localizations to the level needed by large spectroscopic telescopes this paper describes the eclairs concept with emphasis on the grb triggering scheme
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711.3755
Hadron production in $\psi$, $\eta_c$ and $\chi$ decays
We derive relations among branching fractions in the exclusive decay of charmonia to light flavour meson pairs assuming factorization between the quark spin and spatial degrees of freedom. With the further assumption that these amplitudes can be described by flux-tube models, we assess prospects for production of hybrid mesons in charmonium decays.
hep-ph
we derive relations among branching fractions in the exclusive decay of charmonia to light flavour meson pairs assuming factorization between the quark spin and spatial degrees of freedom with the further assumption that these amplitudes can be described by fluxtube models we assess prospects for production of hybrid mesons in charmonium decays
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711.3756
On the large N expansion in hyperbolic sigma-models
Invariant correlation functions for ${\rm SO}(1,N)$ hyperbolic sigma-models are investigated. The existence of a large $N$ asymptotic expansion is proven on finite lattices of dimension $d \geq 2$. The unique saddle point configuration is characterized by a negative gap vanishing at least like 1/V with the volume. Technical difficulties compared to the compact case are bypassed using horospherical coordinates and the matrix-tree theorem.
math-ph hep-lat hep-th math.MP
invariant correlation functions for rm so1n hyperbolic sigmamodels are investigated the existence of a large n asymptotic expansion is proven on finite lattices of dimension d geq 2 the unique saddle point configuration is characterized by a negative gap vanishing at least like 1v with the volume technical difficulties compared to the compact case are bypassed using horospherical coordinates and the matrixtree theorem
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711.3757
Small-world hypergraphs on a bond-disordered Bethe lattice
We study the thermodynamic properties of spin systems with bond-disorder on small-world hypergraphs, obtained by superimposing a one-dimensional Ising chain onto a random Bethe graph with p-spin interactions. Using transfer-matrix techniques, we derive fixed-point equations describing the relevant order parameters and the free energy, both in the replica symmetric and one step replica symmetry breaking approximation. We determine the static and dynamic ferromagnetic transition and the spinglass transition within replica symmetry for all temperatures, and demonstrate corrections to these results when one step replica symmetry breaking is taken into account. The results obtained are in agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
we study the thermodynamic properties of spin systems with bonddisorder on smallworld hypergraphs obtained by superimposing a onedimensional ising chain onto a random bethe graph with pspin interactions using transfermatrix techniques we derive fixedpoint equations describing the relevant order parameters and the free energy both in the replica symmetric and one step replica symmetry breaking approximation we determine the static and dynamic ferromagnetic transition and the spinglass transition within replica symmetry for all temperatures and demonstrate corrections to these results when one step replica symmetry breaking is taken into account the results obtained are in agreement with montecarlo simulations
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711.3758
Microlensing constraints on the Galactic Bulge Initial Mass Function
Aims. We seek to probe the Galactic bulge IMF starting from microlensing observations. Methods. We analyse the recent results of the microlensing campaigns carried out towards the Galactic bulge presented by the EROS, MACHO and OGLE collaborations. In particular, we study the duration distribution of the events. We assume a power law initial mass function, $\xi(\mu)\propto \mu^{-\alpha}$, and we study the slope $\alpha$ both in the brown dwarf and in the main sequence ranges. Moreover, we compare the observed and expected optical depth profiles. Results. The values of the mass function slopes are strongly driven by the observed timescales of the microlensing events. The analysis of the MACHO data set gives, for the main sequence stars, $\alpha=1.7 \pm 0.5$, compatible with the result we obtain with the EROS and OGLE data sets, and a similar, though less constrained slope for brown dwarfs. The lack of short duration events in both EROS and OGLE data sets, on the other hand, only allows the determination of an \emph{upper} limit in this range of masses, making the overall result less robust. The optical depth analysis gives a very good agreement between the observed and the expected values, and we show that the available data do not allow one to discriminate between different bulge models.
astro-ph
aims we seek to probe the galactic bulge imf starting from microlensing observations methods we analyse the recent results of the microlensing campaigns carried out towards the galactic bulge presented by the eros macho and ogle collaborations in particular we study the duration distribution of the events we assume a power law initial mass function ximupropto mualpha and we study the slope alpha both in the brown dwarf and in the main sequence ranges moreover we compare the observed and expected optical depth profiles results the values of the mass function slopes are strongly driven by the observed timescales of the microlensing events the analysis of the macho data set gives for the main sequence stars alpha17 pm 05 compatible with the result we obtain with the eros and ogle data sets and a similar though less constrained slope for brown dwarfs the lack of short duration events in both eros and ogle data sets on the other hand only allows the determination of an emphupper limit in this range of masses making the overall result less robust the optical depth analysis gives a very good agreement between the observed and the expected values and we show that the available data do not allow one to discriminate between different bulge models
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711.3759
Osculating properties of decomposable scrolls
Osculating spaces of decomposable scrolls (of any genus and not necessarily normal)are studied and their inflectional loci are related to those of their generating curves by using systematically an idea introduced by Piene and Sacchiero in the setting of rational normal scrolls. In this broader setting the extra components of the second discriminant locus - deriving from flexes - are investigated and a new class of uninflected surface scrolls is presented and characterized. Further properties related to osculation are discussed for (not necessarily decomposable) scrolls.
math.AG math.DG
osculating spaces of decomposable scrolls of any genus and not necessarily normalare studied and their inflectional loci are related to those of their generating curves by using systematically an idea introduced by piene and sacchiero in the setting of rational normal scrolls in this broader setting the extra components of the second discriminant locus deriving from flexes are investigated and a new class of uninflected surface scrolls is presented and characterized further properties related to osculation are discussed for not necessarily decomposable scrolls
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711.376
A new type of CP symmetry, family replication and fermion mass hierarchies
We study a two-Higgs-doublet model with four generalised CP symmetries in the scalar sector. Electroweak symmetry breaking leads automatically to spontaneous breaking of two of them. We require that these four CP symmetries can be extended from the scalar sector to the full Lagrangian and call this requirement the principle of maximal CP invariance. The Yukawa interactions of the fermions are severely restricted by this requirement. In particular, a single fermion family cannot be coupled to the Higgs fields. For two fermion families, however, this is possible. Enforcing the absence of flavour-changing neutral currents, we find degenerate masses in both families or one family massless and one massive. In the latter case the Lagrangian is highly symmetric, with the mass hierarchy being generated by electroweak symmetry breaking. Adding a third family uncoupled to the Higgs fields and thus keeping it massless we get a model which gives a rough approximation of some features of the fermions observed in Nature. We discuss a number of predictions of the model which may be checked in future experiments at the LHC.
hep-ph
we study a twohiggsdoublet model with four generalised cp symmetries in the scalar sector electroweak symmetry breaking leads automatically to spontaneous breaking of two of them we require that these four cp symmetries can be extended from the scalar sector to the full lagrangian and call this requirement the principle of maximal cp invariance the yukawa interactions of the fermions are severely restricted by this requirement in particular a single fermion family cannot be coupled to the higgs fields for two fermion families however this is possible enforcing the absence of flavourchanging neutral currents we find degenerate masses in both families or one family massless and one massive in the latter case the lagrangian is highly symmetric with the mass hierarchy being generated by electroweak symmetry breaking adding a third family uncoupled to the higgs fields and thus keeping it massless we get a model which gives a rough approximation of some features of the fermions observed in nature we discuss a number of predictions of the model which may be checked in future experiments at the lhc
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711.3761
Isospin Dynamics in Peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions at Fermi Energies
We present a detailed study of isospin dynamics in peripheral collisions at Fermi energies. We consider symmetric and mixed collisions of (124,112)Sn isotopes at 35 and 50 AMeV to study the isospin transport between the different reaction components (residues, gas and possibly intermediate mass fragments) and, in particular, the charge equilibration in the mixed system. We evaluate the effects of drift terms due to asymmetry and density gradients, which are directly related to the poorly known value and slope of the symmetry energy below saturation density. We verify the importance of an isoscalar momentum dependence of the mean field, which is found to influence the isospin transport since it changes the reaction times. We finally suggest two observables particularly sensitive to the isovector part of the nuclear equation-of-state: the correlation between isospin equilibration and kinetic energy loss for binary events, and the isospin content of the produced mid-rapidity fragments for neck fragmentation events.
nucl-th
we present a detailed study of isospin dynamics in peripheral collisions at fermi energies we consider symmetric and mixed collisions of 124112sn isotopes at 35 and 50 amev to study the isospin transport between the different reaction components residues gas and possibly intermediate mass fragments and in particular the charge equilibration in the mixed system we evaluate the effects of drift terms due to asymmetry and density gradients which are directly related to the poorly known value and slope of the symmetry energy below saturation density we verify the importance of an isoscalar momentum dependence of the mean field which is found to influence the isospin transport since it changes the reaction times we finally suggest two observables particularly sensitive to the isovector part of the nuclear equationofstate the correlation between isospin equilibration and kinetic energy loss for binary events and the isospin content of the produced midrapidity fragments for neck fragmentation events
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711.3762
Universal Behavior of Quantum Walks with Long-Range Steps
Quantum walks with long-range steps $R^{-\gamma}$ ($R$ being the distance between sites) on a discrete line behave in similar ways for all $\gamma\geq2$. This is in contrast to classical random walks, which for $\gamma >3$ belong to a different universality class than for $\gamma \leq 3$. We show that the average probabilities to be at the initial site after time $t$ as well as the mean square displacements are of the same functional form for quantum walks with $\gamma=2$, 4, and with nearest neighbor steps. We interpolate this result to arbitrary $\gamma\geq2$.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
quantum walks with longrange steps rgamma r being the distance between sites on a discrete line behave in similar ways for all gammageq2 this is in contrast to classical random walks which for gamma 3 belong to a different universality class than for gamma leq 3 we show that the average probabilities to be at the initial site after time t as well as the mean square displacements are of the same functional form for quantum walks with gamma2 4 and with nearest neighbor steps we interpolate this result to arbitrary gammageq2
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711.3763
The quark-gluon plasma and D6-branes on the conifold
We investigate the possibility of constructing a supergravity background dual to the quark-gluon plasma using D6-branes wrapping a three-cycle in the deformed conifold. The UV-completion of this setup is given by M-theory on a G2 holonomy manifold. For the class of metrics considered we find that there are only non-extremal D-brane solutions in the limit of the singular conifold with the singularity being resolved by the D-brane horizon. The thermodynamic properties of the system show some puzzling features, such as negative specific heat at an unusual behavior of the entropy. Among the properties of the plasma studied using this holographic dual are the quark-antiquark potential, the shear viscosity and parton energy loss. While one finds the expected behavior for the potential and the viscosity -- deconfinement and the universal shear-viscosity to entropy ratio -- both the jet quenching parameter and the calculation of the drag force lead us to the conclusion that there is no parton energy loss in the dual plasma. Our results indicate that the background constructed is not dual to a realistic QGP, yet we argue that this should improve upon inclusion of the three-form gauge potential in the eleven-dimensional background.
hep-th
we investigate the possibility of constructing a supergravity background dual to the quarkgluon plasma using d6branes wrapping a threecycle in the deformed conifold the uvcompletion of this setup is given by mtheory on a g2 holonomy manifold for the class of metrics considered we find that there are only nonextremal dbrane solutions in the limit of the singular conifold with the singularity being resolved by the dbrane horizon the thermodynamic properties of the system show some puzzling features such as negative specific heat at an unusual behavior of the entropy among the properties of the plasma studied using this holographic dual are the quarkantiquark potential the shear viscosity and parton energy loss while one finds the expected behavior for the potential and the viscosity deconfinement and the universal shearviscosity to entropy ratio both the jet quenching parameter and the calculation of the drag force lead us to the conclusion that there is no parton energy loss in the dual plasma our results indicate that the background constructed is not dual to a realistic qgp yet we argue that this should improve upon inclusion of the threeform gauge potential in the elevendimensional background
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711.3764
The Posterior metric and the Goodness of Gibbsianness for transforms of Gibbs measures
We present a general method to derive continuity estimates for conditional probabilities of general (possibly continuous) spin models sub jected to local transformations. Such systems arise in the study of a stochastic time-evolution of Gibbs measures or as noisy observations. We exhibit the minimal necessary structure for such double-layer systems. Assuming no a priori metric on the local state spaces, we define the posterior metric on the local image space. We show that it allows in a natural way to divide the local part of the continuity estimates from the spatial part (which is treated by Dobrushin uniqueness here). We show in the concrete example of the time evolution of rotators on the q-1 dimensional sphere how this method can be used to obtain estimates in terms of the familiar Euclidean metric.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
we present a general method to derive continuity estimates for conditional probabilities of general possibly continuous spin models sub jected to local transformations such systems arise in the study of a stochastic timeevolution of gibbs measures or as noisy observations we exhibit the minimal necessary structure for such doublelayer systems assuming no a priori metric on the local state spaces we define the posterior metric on the local image space we show that it allows in a natural way to divide the local part of the continuity estimates from the spatial part which is treated by dobrushin uniqueness here we show in the concrete example of the time evolution of rotators on the q1 dimensional sphere how this method can be used to obtain estimates in terms of the familiar euclidean metric
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711.3765
MCMC Inference for a Model with Sampling Bias: An Illustration using SAGE data
This paper explores Bayesian inference for a biased sampling model in situations where the population of interest cannot be sampled directly, but rather through an indirect and inherently biased method. Observations are viewed as being the result of a multinomial sampling process from a tagged population which is, in turn, a biased sample from the original population of interest. This paper presents several Gibbs Sampling techniques to estimate the joint posterior distribution of the original population based on the observed counts of the tagged population. These algorithms efficiently sample from the joint posterior distribution of a very large multinomial parameter vector. Samples from this method can be used to generate both joint and marginal posterior inferences. We also present an iterative optimization procedure based upon the conditional distributions of the Gibbs Sampler which directly computes the mode of the posterior distribution. To illustrate our approach, we apply it to a tagged population of messanger RNAs (mRNA) generated using a common high-throughput technique, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). Inferences for the mRNA expression levels in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are reported.
stat.AP
this paper explores bayesian inference for a biased sampling model in situations where the population of interest cannot be sampled directly but rather through an indirect and inherently biased method observations are viewed as being the result of a multinomial sampling process from a tagged population which is in turn a biased sample from the original population of interest this paper presents several gibbs sampling techniques to estimate the joint posterior distribution of the original population based on the observed counts of the tagged population these algorithms efficiently sample from the joint posterior distribution of a very large multinomial parameter vector samples from this method can be used to generate both joint and marginal posterior inferences we also present an iterative optimization procedure based upon the conditional distributions of the gibbs sampler which directly computes the mode of the posterior distribution to illustrate our approach we apply it to a tagged population of messanger rnas mrna generated using a common highthroughput technique serial analysis of gene expression sage inferences for the mrna expression levels in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae are reported
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711.3766
Seismic Electric Signals and 1/f "noise" in natural time
By making use of the concept of natural time, a simple model is proposed which exhibits the $1/f^a$ behavior with $a$ close to unity. The properties of the model are compared to those of the Seismic Electric Signals (SES) activities that have been found to obey the ubiquitous $1/f^a$ behavior with $a \approx 1$. This comparison, which is made by using the most recent SES data, reveals certain similarities, but the following important difference is found: The model suggests that the entropy $S_-$ under time reversal becomes larger compared to the entropy $S$ in forward time, thus disagreeing with the experimental SES results which show that $S$ may be either smaller or larger than $S_-$. This might be due to the fact that SES activities exhibit {\em critical} dynamics, while the model cannot capture all the characteristics of such dynamics.
cond-mat.stat-mech
by making use of the concept of natural time a simple model is proposed which exhibits the 1fa behavior with a close to unity the properties of the model are compared to those of the seismic electric signals ses activities that have been found to obey the ubiquitous 1fa behavior with a approx 1 this comparison which is made by using the most recent ses data reveals certain similarities but the following important difference is found the model suggests that the entropy s_ under time reversal becomes larger compared to the entropy s in forward time thus disagreeing with the experimental ses results which show that s may be either smaller or larger than s_ this might be due to the fact that ses activities exhibit em critical dynamics while the model cannot capture all the characteristics of such dynamics
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711.3767
Low-energy effective representation of the Gutzwiller-projected BCS Hamiltonian close to half filling
We investigate analytically a connection between the t-J model and the strongly correlated Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Hamiltonian, with the effect of strong electron correlations accounted by the Gutzwiller projection. We show that in the immediate vicinity of half filling the projected 2D BCS Hamiltonian with strong pairing develops an antiferromagnetically (AF) ordered ground state. This result explicitly demonstrates that antiferromagnetism in this model appears as a natural consequence of the strong Coulomb repulsion in a low doped regime. At moderate doping the ground state of the Gutzwiller-projected BCS Hamiltonian becomes qualitatively similar to Anderson's resonating valence bond state which is known to fit nicely the properties of the t-J model in this regime. These two properties taken together indicate that the projected BCS Hamiltonian captures the essential low-energy physics of the t-J model in the whole underdoped region.
cond-mat.str-el
we investigate analytically a connection between the tj model and the strongly correlated bardeencooperschrieffer bcs hamiltonian with the effect of strong electron correlations accounted by the gutzwiller projection we show that in the immediate vicinity of half filling the projected 2d bcs hamiltonian with strong pairing develops an antiferromagnetically af ordered ground state this result explicitly demonstrates that antiferromagnetism in this model appears as a natural consequence of the strong coulomb repulsion in a low doped regime at moderate doping the ground state of the gutzwillerprojected bcs hamiltonian becomes qualitatively similar to andersons resonating valence bond state which is known to fit nicely the properties of the tj model in this regime these two properties taken together indicate that the projected bcs hamiltonian captures the essential lowenergy physics of the tj model in the whole underdoped region
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711.3768
Convex-transitivity and function spaces
If X is a convex-transitive Banach space and 1\leq p\leq \infty then the closed linear span of the simple functions in the Bochner space L^{p}([0,1],X) is convex-transitive. If H is an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space and C_{0}(L) is convex-transitive, then C_{0}(L,H) is convex-transitive. Some new fairly concrete examples of convex-transitive spaces are provided.
math.FA
if x is a convextransitive banach space and 1leq pleq infty then the closed linear span of the simple functions in the bochner space lp01x is convextransitive if h is an infinitedimensional hilbert space and c_0l is convextransitive then c_0lh is convextransitive some new fairly concrete examples of convextransitive spaces are provided
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711.3769
Resonant Fibonacci Quantum Well Structures
We propose a resonant one-dimensional quasicrystal, namely, a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure satisfying the Fibonacci-chain rule with the golden ratio between the long and short inter-well distances. The resonant Bragg condition is generalized from the periodic to Fibonacci MQWs. A dispersion equation for exciton-polaritons is derived in the two-wave approximation, the effective allowed and forbidden bands are found. The reflection spectra from the proposed structures are calculated as a function of the well number and detuning from the Bragg condition.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we propose a resonant onedimensional quasicrystal namely a multiple quantum well mqw structure satisfying the fibonaccichain rule with the golden ratio between the long and short interwell distances the resonant bragg condition is generalized from the periodic to fibonacci mqws a dispersion equation for excitonpolaritons is derived in the twowave approximation the effective allowed and forbidden bands are found the reflection spectra from the proposed structures are calculated as a function of the well number and detuning from the bragg condition
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711.377
An S-brane solution with acceleration and small enough variation of G
An S-brane solution with two non-composite electric branes and a set of l scalar fields is considered. The intersection rule for branes corresponds to the Lie algebra A_2. The solution contains five factor spaces with the fifth one interpreted as ``our'' 3-dimensional space. It is shown that there exists a time interval where accelerating expansion of ``our'' 3-dimensional space is compatible with small enough value of effective gravitational ``constant'' variation.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
an sbrane solution with two noncomposite electric branes and a set of l scalar fields is considered the intersection rule for branes corresponds to the lie algebra a_2 the solution contains five factor spaces with the fifth one interpreted as our 3dimensional space it is shown that there exists a time interval where accelerating expansion of our 3dimensional space is compatible with small enough value of effective gravitational constant variation
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711.3771
Propagation of light in area metric backgrounds
The propagation of light in area metric spacetimes, which naturally emerge as refined backgrounds in quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, is studied from first principles. In the geometric-optical limit, light rays are found to follow geodesics in a Finslerian geometry, with the Finsler norm being determined by the area metric tensor. Based on this result, and an understanding of the non-linear relation between ray vectors and wave covectors in such refined backgrounds, we study light deflection in spherically symmetric situations, and obtain experimental bounds on the non-metricity of spacetime in the solar system.
hep-th
the propagation of light in area metric spacetimes which naturally emerge as refined backgrounds in quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity is studied from first principles in the geometricoptical limit light rays are found to follow geodesics in a finslerian geometry with the finsler norm being determined by the area metric tensor based on this result and an understanding of the nonlinear relation between ray vectors and wave covectors in such refined backgrounds we study light deflection in spherically symmetric situations and obtain experimental bounds on the nonmetricity of spacetime in the solar system
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711.3772
Three-Sphere Low Reynolds Number Swimmer with a Cargo Container
A recently introduced model for an autonomous swimmer at low Reynolds number that is comprised of three spheres connected by two arms is considered when one of the spheres has a large radius. The Stokes hydrodynamic flow associated with the swimming strokes and net motion of this system can be studied analytically using the Stokes Green's function of a point force in front of a sphere of arbitrary radius $R$ provided by Oseen. The swimming velocity is calculated, and shown to scale as $1/R^3$ with the radius of the sphere.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
a recently introduced model for an autonomous swimmer at low reynolds number that is comprised of three spheres connected by two arms is considered when one of the spheres has a large radius the stokes hydrodynamic flow associated with the swimming strokes and net motion of this system can be studied analytically using the stokes greens function of a point force in front of a sphere of arbitrary radius r provided by oseen the swimming velocity is calculated and shown to scale as 1r3 with the radius of the sphere
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711.3773
Quantum measurement and quantum gravity : many-worlds or collapse of the wave-function?
At present, there are two possible, and equally plausible, explanations for the physics of quantum measurement. The first explanation, known as the many-worlds interpretation, does not require any modification of quantum mechanics, and asserts that at the time of measurement the Universe splits into many branches, one branch for every possible alternative. The various branches do not interfere with each other because of decoherence, thus providing a picture broadly consistent with the observed Universe. The second explanation, which requires quantum mechanics to be modified from its presently known form, is that at the time of measurement the wave-function collapses into one of the possible alternatives. The two explanations are mutually exclusive, and up until now, no theoretical reasoning has been put forward to choose one explanation over the other. In this article, we provide an argument which implies that the collapse interpretation is favored over the many-worlds interpretation. Our starting point is the assertion (which we justify) that there ought to exist a reformulation of quantum mechanics which does not refer to a classical spacetime manifold. The need for such a reformulation implies that quantum theory becomes non-linear on the Planck mass/energy scale. Standard linear quantum mechanics is an approximation to this non-linear theory, valid at energy scales much smaller than the Planck scale. Using ideas based on noncommutative differential geometry, we develop such a reformulation and derive a non-linear Schr\"{o}dinger equation, which can explain collapse of the wave-function. We also obtain an expression for the lifetime of a quantum superposition. We suggest ideas for an experimental test of this model.
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
at present there are two possible and equally plausible explanations for the physics of quantum measurement the first explanation known as the manyworlds interpretation does not require any modification of quantum mechanics and asserts that at the time of measurement the universe splits into many branches one branch for every possible alternative the various branches do not interfere with each other because of decoherence thus providing a picture broadly consistent with the observed universe the second explanation which requires quantum mechanics to be modified from its presently known form is that at the time of measurement the wavefunction collapses into one of the possible alternatives the two explanations are mutually exclusive and up until now no theoretical reasoning has been put forward to choose one explanation over the other in this article we provide an argument which implies that the collapse interpretation is favored over the manyworlds interpretation our starting point is the assertion which we justify that there ought to exist a reformulation of quantum mechanics which does not refer to a classical spacetime manifold the need for such a reformulation implies that quantum theory becomes nonlinear on the planck massenergy scale standard linear quantum mechanics is an approximation to this nonlinear theory valid at energy scales much smaller than the planck scale using ideas based on noncommutative differential geometry we develop such a reformulation and derive a nonlinear schrodinger equation which can explain collapse of the wavefunction we also obtain an expression for the lifetime of a quantum superposition we suggest ideas for an experimental test of this model
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711.3774
Finding rational points on elliptic curves using 6-descent and 12-descent
We explain how recent work on 3-descent and 4-descent for elliptic curves over Q can be combined to search for generators of the Mordell-Weil group of large height. As an application we show that every elliptic curve of prime conductor in the Stein-Watkins database has rank at least as large as predicted by the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer.
math.NT
we explain how recent work on 3descent and 4descent for elliptic curves over q can be combined to search for generators of the mordellweil group of large height as an application we show that every elliptic curve of prime conductor in the steinwatkins database has rank at least as large as predicted by the conjecture of birch and swinnertondyer
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711.3775
The Critical Properties of Two-dimensional Oscillator Arrays
We present a renormalization group study of two dimensional arrays of oscillators, with dissipative, short range interactions. We consider the case of non-identical oscillators, with distributed intrinsic frequencies within the array and study the steady-state properties of the system. In two dimensions no macroscopic mutual entrainment is found but, for identical oscillators, critical behavior of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless type is shown to be present. We then discuss the stability of (BKT) order in the physical case of distributed quenched random frequencies. In order to do that, we show how the steady-state dynamical properties of the two dimensional array of non-identical oscillators are related to the equilibrium properties of the XY model with quenched randomness, that has been already studied in the past. We propose a novel set of recursion relations to study this system within the Migdal Kadanoff renormalization group scheme, by mean of the discrete clock-state formulation. We compute the phase diagram in the presence of random dissipative coupling, at finite values of the clock state parameter. Possible experimental applications in two dimensional arrays of microelectromechanical oscillators are briefly suggested.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we present a renormalization group study of two dimensional arrays of oscillators with dissipative short range interactions we consider the case of nonidentical oscillators with distributed intrinsic frequencies within the array and study the steadystate properties of the system in two dimensions no macroscopic mutual entrainment is found but for identical oscillators critical behavior of the berezinskiikosterlitzthouless type is shown to be present we then discuss the stability of bkt order in the physical case of distributed quenched random frequencies in order to do that we show how the steadystate dynamical properties of the two dimensional array of nonidentical oscillators are related to the equilibrium properties of the xy model with quenched randomness that has been already studied in the past we propose a novel set of recursion relations to study this system within the migdal kadanoff renormalization group scheme by mean of the discrete clockstate formulation we compute the phase diagram in the presence of random dissipative coupling at finite values of the clock state parameter possible experimental applications in two dimensional arrays of microelectromechanical oscillators are briefly suggested
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711.3776
Superconformal invariance from N=2 supersymmetry Ward identities
We algebraically prove the cancellation of the beta function at all order of perturbation theory of N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories with a vanishing one-loop beta function. The proof generalises that recently given for the N=4 case. It uses the consistent Slavnov-Taylor identities of the shadow dependent formulation. We also demonstrate the cancellation at all orders of the anomalous dimensions of vector and hypermultiplet one half BPS operators.
hep-th
we algebraically prove the cancellation of the beta function at all order of perturbation theory of n2 supersymmetric gauge theories with a vanishing oneloop beta function the proof generalises that recently given for the n4 case it uses the consistent slavnovtaylor identities of the shadow dependent formulation we also demonstrate the cancellation at all orders of the anomalous dimensions of vector and hypermultiplet one half bps operators
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711.3777
Flattening of Single-Particle Spectra in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems and the Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz Law
The renormalization of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) ratio in strongly correlated electron systems is analyzed within the Landau quasiparticle picture. We demonstrate that the WF law is violated: (i) at the quantum critical point, where the effective mass diverges, and (ii) beyond a point of fermion condensation, where the single-particle spectrum $\epsilon(p)$ becomes flat. Results of the analysis are compared with available experimental data.
cond-mat.str-el
the renormalization of the wiedemannfranz wf ratio in strongly correlated electron systems is analyzed within the landau quasiparticle picture we demonstrate that the wf law is violated i at the quantum critical point where the effective mass diverges and ii beyond a point of fermion condensation where the singleparticle spectrum epsilonp becomes flat results of the analysis are compared with available experimental data
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711.3778
Graphs of 2-torus actions
It has been known that an effective smooth $({\Bbb Z}_2)^k$-action on a smooth connected closed manifold $M^n$ fixing a finite set can be associated to a $({\Bbb Z}_2)^k$-colored regular graph. In this paper, we consider abstract graphs $(\Gamma,\alpha)$ of $({\Bbb Z}_2)^k$-actions, called abstract 1-skeletons. We study when an abstract 1-skeleton is a colored graph of some $({\Bbb Z}_2)^k$-action. We also study the existence of faces of an abstract 1-skeleton (note that faces often have certain geometric meanings if an abstract 1-skeleton is a colored graph of some $({\Bbb Z}_2)^k$-action).
math.CO math.AT
it has been known that an effective smooth bbb z_2kaction on a smooth connected closed manifold mn fixing a finite set can be associated to a bbb z_2kcolored regular graph in this paper we consider abstract graphs gammaalpha of bbb z_2kactions called abstract 1skeletons we study when an abstract 1skeleton is a colored graph of some bbb z_2kaction we also study the existence of faces of an abstract 1skeleton note that faces often have certain geometric meanings if an abstract 1skeleton is a colored graph of some bbb z_2kaction
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711.3779
The role of the Fox-Wright functions in fractional sub-diffusion of distributed order
The fundamental solution of the fractional diffusion equation of distributed order in time (usually adopted for modelling sub-diffusion processes) is obtained based on its Mellin-Barnes integral representation. Such solution is proved to be related via a Laplace-type integral to the Fox-Wright functions. A series expansion is also provided in order to point out the distribution of time-scales related to the distribution of the fractional orders. The results of the time fractional diffusion equation of a single order are also recalled and then re-obtained from the general theory.
math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math.CV math.MP
the fundamental solution of the fractional diffusion equation of distributed order in time usually adopted for modelling subdiffusion processes is obtained based on its mellinbarnes integral representation such solution is proved to be related via a laplacetype integral to the foxwright functions a series expansion is also provided in order to point out the distribution of timescales related to the distribution of the fractional orders the results of the time fractional diffusion equation of a single order are also recalled and then reobtained from the general theory
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711.378
Outburst of the 2 s Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 1547.0-5408
Following our discovery of radio pulsations from the newly recognized Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 1E 1547.0-5408, we initiated X-ray monitoring with the Swift X-ray Telescope, and obtained a single target-of-opportunity observation with the Newton X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton). In comparison with its historic minimum flux of 3e-13 ergs cm^-2 s^-1, the source was found to be in a record high state, f_X(1-8 keV) = 5e-12 ergs cm^-2 s^-1, or L_X = 1.7e35(d/9 kpc)^2 ergs s^-1, and declining by 25% in 1 month. Extrapolating the decay, we bound the total energy in this outburst to 1e42 < E < 1e43 ergs. The spectra (fitted with a Comptonized blackbody) show that an increase in the temperature and area of a hot region, to 0.5 keV and ~16% of the surface area of the neutron star, respectively, are primarily responsible for its increase in luminosity. The energy, spectrum, and timescale of decay are consistent with a deep crustal heating event, similar to an interpretation of the X-ray turn-on of the transient AXP XTE J1810-197. Simultaneous with the 4.6 hour XMM-Newton observation, we observed at 6.4 GHz with the Parkes telescope, measuring the phase relationship of the radio and X-ray pulse. The X-ray pulsed fraction of 1E 1547.0-5408 is only ~7%, while its radio pulse is relatively broad for such a slow pulsar, which may indicate a nearly aligned rotator. As also inferred from the transient behavior of XTE J1810-197, the only other AXP known to emit in the radio, the magnetic field rearrangement responsible for this X-ray outburst of 1E 1547.0-5408 is probably the cause of its radio turn-on.
astro-ph
following our discovery of radio pulsations from the newly recognized anomalous xray pulsar axp 1e 154705408 we initiated xray monitoring with the swift xray telescope and obtained a single targetofopportunity observation with the newton xray multimirror mission xmmnewton in comparison with its historic minimum flux of 3e13 ergs cm2 s1 the source was found to be in a record high state f_x18 kev 5e12 ergs cm2 s1 or l_x 17e35d9 kpc2 ergs s1 and declining by 25 in 1 month extrapolating the decay we bound the total energy in this outburst to 1e42 e 1e43 ergs the spectra fitted with a comptonized blackbody show that an increase in the temperature and area of a hot region to 05 kev and 16 of the surface area of the neutron star respectively are primarily responsible for its increase in luminosity the energy spectrum and timescale of decay are consistent with a deep crustal heating event similar to an interpretation of the xray turnon of the transient axp xte j1810197 simultaneous with the 46 hour xmmnewton observation we observed at 64 ghz with the parkes telescope measuring the phase relationship of the radio and xray pulse the xray pulsed fraction of 1e 154705408 is only 7 while its radio pulse is relatively broad for such a slow pulsar which may indicate a nearly aligned rotator as also inferred from the transient behavior of xte j1810197 the only other axp known to emit in the radio the magnetic field rearrangement responsible for this xray outburst of 1e 154705408 is probably the cause of its radio turnon
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711.3781
Bouncing cosmology from Kalb-Ramond Braneworld
We consider a 3-brane embedded in a warped 5-dimensional background with a dilaton and a Kalb-Ramond 2-form. We show that it is possible to find static solutions of the form of charged dS/AdS-like black hole with horizon which could have a negative mass parameter. The motion of the 3-brane in this bulk generates an effective 4-dimensional bouncing cosmology induced by the negative dark radiation term. This model avoids the instability that arises for bouncing brane in a Reissner-Nordstr{\o}m-AdS bulk.
hep-th gr-qc
we consider a 3brane embedded in a warped 5dimensional background with a dilaton and a kalbramond 2form we show that it is possible to find static solutions of the form of charged dsadslike black hole with horizon which could have a negative mass parameter the motion of the 3brane in this bulk generates an effective 4dimensional bouncing cosmology induced by the negative dark radiation term this model avoids the instability that arises for bouncing brane in a reissnernordstromads bulk
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711.3782
Lelong-Skoda transform for compact Kaehler manifolds and self-intersection inequalities
Let $X$ be a compact Kaehler manifold of dimension $k$ and $T$ be a positive closed current on $X$ of bidimension $(p,p)$ ($1\leq p < k-1$). We construct a continuous linear transform $\mathcal{L}_p(T)$ of $T$ which is a positive closed current on $X$ of bidimension $(k-1,k-1)$ which has the same Lelong numbers as $T$. We deduce from that construction self-intersection inequalities for positive closed currents of any bidegree.
math.CV
let x be a compact kaehler manifold of dimension k and t be a positive closed current on x of bidimension pp 1leq p k1 we construct a continuous linear transform mathcall_pt of t which is a positive closed current on x of bidimension k1k1 which has the same lelong numbers as t we deduce from that construction selfintersection inequalities for positive closed currents of any bidegree
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711.3783
Carbon abundances of early B-type stars in the solar vicinity. Non-LTE line-formation for C II/III/IV and self-consistent atmospheric parameters
Precise determinations of the chemical composition in early B-type stars consitute fundamental observational constraints on stellar and galactochemical evolution. Carbon is one of the most abundant metals in the Universe but analyses in early-type stars show inconclusive results, like large discrepancies between analyses of different lines in C II, a failure to establish the C II/III ionization balance and the derivation of systematically lower abundances than from other objects. We present a comprehensive and robust C II/III/IV model for non-LTE line-formation calculations based on carefully selected atomic data. The model is calibrated with high-S/N spectra of six apparently slow-rotating early B-type dwarfs and giants, which cover a wide parameter range and are randomly distributed in the solar neighbourhood. A self-consistent quantitative spectrum analysis is performed using an extensive iteration scheme to determine stellar atmospheric parameters and to select the appropriate atomic data used for the derivation of chemical abundances. We establish the carbon ionization balance for all sample stars based on a unique set of input atomic data, achieving consistency for all modelled lines. Highly accurate atmospheric parameters and a homogeneous carbon abundance with reduced systematic errors are derived. This results in a present-day stellar carbon abundance in the solar neighbourhood, which is in good agreement with recent determinations of the solar value and with the gas-phase abundance of the Orion H II region. The homogeneous present-day carbon abundance also conforms with predictions of chemical-evolution models for the Galaxy. The present approach allows us to constrain the effects of systematic errors on fundamental parameters and abundances. (abridged)
astro-ph
precise determinations of the chemical composition in early btype stars consitute fundamental observational constraints on stellar and galactochemical evolution carbon is one of the most abundant metals in the universe but analyses in earlytype stars show inconclusive results like large discrepancies between analyses of different lines in c ii a failure to establish the c iiiii ionization balance and the derivation of systematically lower abundances than from other objects we present a comprehensive and robust c iiiiiiv model for nonlte lineformation calculations based on carefully selected atomic data the model is calibrated with highsn spectra of six apparently slowrotating early btype dwarfs and giants which cover a wide parameter range and are randomly distributed in the solar neighbourhood a selfconsistent quantitative spectrum analysis is performed using an extensive iteration scheme to determine stellar atmospheric parameters and to select the appropriate atomic data used for the derivation of chemical abundances we establish the carbon ionization balance for all sample stars based on a unique set of input atomic data achieving consistency for all modelled lines highly accurate atmospheric parameters and a homogeneous carbon abundance with reduced systematic errors are derived this results in a presentday stellar carbon abundance in the solar neighbourhood which is in good agreement with recent determinations of the solar value and with the gasphase abundance of the orion h ii region the homogeneous presentday carbon abundance also conforms with predictions of chemicalevolution models for the galaxy the present approach allows us to constrain the effects of systematic errors on fundamental parameters and abundances abridged
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711.3784
The Lindelof Hypothesis for almost all Hurwitz's Zeta-Functions holds True
By Probability theory, that is, by a kind of quasi-law of the iterated logarithm, we prove the title claim.
math.GM
by probability theory that is by a kind of quasilaw of the iterated logarithm we prove the title claim
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711.3785
Unprovability results involving braids
We construct long sequences of braids that are descending with respect to the standard order of braids (``Dehornoy order''), and we deduce that, contrary to all usual algebraic properties of braids, certain simple combinatorial statements involving the braid order are true, but not provable in the subsystems ISigma1 or ISigma2 of the standard Peano system.
math.LO
we construct long sequences of braids that are descending with respect to the standard order of braids dehornoy order and we deduce that contrary to all usual algebraic properties of braids certain simple combinatorial statements involving the braid order are true but not provable in the subsystems isigma1 or isigma2 of the standard peano system
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711.3786
Suppl\'eance perceptive par \'electro-stimulation linguale embarqu\'ee : perspectives pour la pr\'evention des escarres chez le bless\'e m\'edullaire
We introduce the innovative technologies, based on the concept of "sensory substitution", we are developing in the fields of biomedical engineering and human disability. Precisely, our goal is to design, develop and validate practical assistive biomedical and/or technical devices and/or rehabilitating procedures for persons with disabilities, using artificial tongue-placed tactile biofeedback systems. This paper proposes an application for pressure sores prevention in case of spinal cord injuries (persons with paraplegia, or tetraplegia).
physics.med-ph q-bio.NC
we introduce the innovative technologies based on the concept of sensory substitution we are developing in the fields of biomedical engineering and human disability precisely our goal is to design develop and validate practical assistive biomedical andor technical devices andor rehabilitating procedures for persons with disabilities using artificial tongueplaced tactile biofeedback systems this paper proposes an application for pressure sores prevention in case of spinal cord injuries persons with paraplegia or tetraplegia
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711.3787
Free Brownian motion and evolution towards boxplus-infinite divisibility for k-tuples
Let D be the space of non-commutative distributions of k-tuples of selfadjoints in a C*-probability space (for a fixed k). We introduce a semigroup of transformations B_t of D, such that every distribution in D evolves under the B_t towards infinite divisibility with respect to free additive convolution. The very good properties of B_t come from some special connections that we put into evidence between free additive convolution and the operation of Boolean convolution. On the other hand we put into evidence a relation between the transformations B_t and free Brownian motion. More precisely, we introduce a transformation Phi of D which converts the free Brownian motion started at an arbitrary distribution m in D into the process B_t (Phi(m)), t>0.
math.OA math.PR
let d be the space of noncommutative distributions of ktuples of selfadjoints in a cprobability space for a fixed k we introduce a semigroup of transformations b_t of d such that every distribution in d evolves under the b_t towards infinite divisibility with respect to free additive convolution the very good properties of b_t come from some special connections that we put into evidence between free additive convolution and the operation of boolean convolution on the other hand we put into evidence a relation between the transformations b_t and free brownian motion more precisely we introduce a transformation phi of d which converts the free brownian motion started at an arbitrary distribution m in d into the process b_t phim t0
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711.3788
Direct Detection of Cold Dark Matter
We know from cosmological and astrophysical observations that more than 80% of the matter density in the Universe is non-luminous, or dark. This non-baryonic dark matter could be composed of neutral, heavy particles, which were non-relativistic, or 'cold', when they decoupled from ordinary matter. I will review the direct detection methods of these hypothetical particles via their interactions with nuclei in ultra-low background, deep underground experiments. The emphasis is on most recent results and on the status of near future projects.
astro-ph
we know from cosmological and astrophysical observations that more than 80 of the matter density in the universe is nonluminous or dark this nonbaryonic dark matter could be composed of neutral heavy particles which were nonrelativistic or cold when they decoupled from ordinary matter i will review the direct detection methods of these hypothetical particles via their interactions with nuclei in ultralow background deep underground experiments the emphasis is on most recent results and on the status of near future projects
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711.3789
Kinematic alpha effect in isotropic turbulence simulations
Using numerical simulations at moderate magnetic Reynolds numbers up to 220 it is shown that in the kinematic regime, isotropic helical turbulence leads to an alpha effect and a turbulent diffusivity whose values are independent of the magnetic Reynolds number, $\Rm$, provided $\Rm$ exceeds unity. These turbulent coefficients are also consistent with expectations from the first order smoothing approximation. For small values of $\Rm$, alpha and turbulent diffusivity are proportional to $\Rm$. Over finite time intervals meaningful values of alpha and turbulent diffusivity can be obtained even when there is small-scale dynamo action that produces strong magnetic fluctuations. This suggests that small-scale dynamo-generated fields do not make a correlated contribution to the mean electromotive force.
astro-ph
using numerical simulations at moderate magnetic reynolds numbers up to 220 it is shown that in the kinematic regime isotropic helical turbulence leads to an alpha effect and a turbulent diffusivity whose values are independent of the magnetic reynolds number rm provided rm exceeds unity these turbulent coefficients are also consistent with expectations from the first order smoothing approximation for small values of rm alpha and turbulent diffusivity are proportional to rm over finite time intervals meaningful values of alpha and turbulent diffusivity can be obtained even when there is smallscale dynamo action that produces strong magnetic fluctuations this suggests that smallscale dynamogenerated fields do not make a correlated contribution to the mean electromotive force
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711.379
Restoration of the magnetic hc/e-periodicity in unconventional superconductors
We consider the energy of the filled quasiparticle's Fermi sea of a macroscopic superconducting ring threaded by an hc/2e-vortex, when the material of the ring is of an unconventional pairing symmetry. The energy relative to the one for the hc/e-vortex configuration is finite, positive, and inversely proportional to ring's inner radius. We argue that the existence of this energy in unconventional superconductors removes the commonly assumed degeneracy between the odd and the even vortices, with the loss of the concomitant hc/2e periodicity in external magnetic field as a consequence. This macroscopic quantum effect should be observable in nanosized unconventional superconductors with a small phase stiffness, such as deeply underdoped YBCO with Tc < 5K.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we consider the energy of the filled quasiparticles fermi sea of a macroscopic superconducting ring threaded by an hc2evortex when the material of the ring is of an unconventional pairing symmetry the energy relative to the one for the hcevortex configuration is finite positive and inversely proportional to rings inner radius we argue that the existence of this energy in unconventional superconductors removes the commonly assumed degeneracy between the odd and the even vortices with the loss of the concomitant hc2e periodicity in external magnetic field as a consequence this macroscopic quantum effect should be observable in nanosized unconventional superconductors with a small phase stiffness such as deeply underdoped ybco with tc 5k
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711.3791
Dark Matter Halos: Velocity Anisotropy -- Density Slope Relation
Dark matter (DM) halos formed in CDM cosmologies seem to be characterized by a power law phase-space density profile. The density of the DM halos is often fitted by the NFW profile but a better fit is provided by the Sersic fitting formula. These relations are empirically derived from cosmological simulations of structure formation but have not yet been explained on a first principle basis. Here we solve the Jeans equation under the assumption of a spherical DM halo in dynamical equilibrium, that obeys a power law phase space density and either the NFW-like or the Sersic density profile. We then calculate the velocity anisotropy, beta(r), analytically. Our main result is that for the NFW-like profile the beta - gamma relation is not a linear one (where gamma is the logarithmic derivative of the density rho[r]). The shape of beta(r) depends mostly on the ratio of the gravitational to kinetic energy within the NFW scale radius R_s. For the Sersic profile a linear beta - gamma relation is recovered, and in particular for the Sersic index of n = 6.0 case the linear fit of Hansen & Moore is reproduced. Our main result is that the phase-space density power law, the Sersic density form and the linear beta - gamma dependence constitute a consistent set of relations which obey the spherical Jeans equation and as such provide the framework for the dynamical modeling of DM halos.
astro-ph
dark matter dm halos formed in cdm cosmologies seem to be characterized by a power law phasespace density profile the density of the dm halos is often fitted by the nfw profile but a better fit is provided by the sersic fitting formula these relations are empirically derived from cosmological simulations of structure formation but have not yet been explained on a first principle basis here we solve the jeans equation under the assumption of a spherical dm halo in dynamical equilibrium that obeys a power law phase space density and either the nfwlike or the sersic density profile we then calculate the velocity anisotropy betar analytically our main result is that for the nfwlike profile the beta gamma relation is not a linear one where gamma is the logarithmic derivative of the density rhor the shape of betar depends mostly on the ratio of the gravitational to kinetic energy within the nfw scale radius r_s for the sersic profile a linear beta gamma relation is recovered and in particular for the sersic index of n 60 case the linear fit of hansen moore is reproduced our main result is that the phasespace density power law the sersic density form and the linear beta gamma dependence constitute a consistent set of relations which obey the spherical jeans equation and as such provide the framework for the dynamical modeling of dm halos
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711.3792
Interaction-induced star formation in a complete sample of 10^5 nearby star-forming galaxies
We investigate the clustering properties of a complete sample of 10^5 star-forming galaxies drawn from the SDSS DR4. On scales less than 100 kpc, the amplitude of the correlation function exhibits a strong dependence on the specific star formation rate of the galaxy. We interpret this as the signature of enhanced star formation induced by tidal interactions. We then explore how the average star formation rate in a galaxy is enhanced as the projected separation r_p between the galaxy and its companions decreases. We find that the enhancement depends strongly on r_p, but very weakly on the relative luminosity of the companions. The enhancement is also stronger in low mass galaxies than in high mass galaxies. In order to explore whether a tidal interaction is not only sufficient, but also necessary to trigger enhanced star formation in a galaxy, we compute background subtracted neighbour counts for the galaxies in our sample. The average number of close neighbours around galaxies with low to average values of SFR/M* is close to zero. At the highest specific star formation rates, however, more than 40% of the galaxies in our sample have a companion within a projected radius of 100 kpc. Visual inspection of the highest SFR/M* galaxies without companions reveals that more than 50% of these are clear interacting or merging systems. We conclude that tidal interactions are the dominant trigger of enhanced star formation in the most strongly star-forming systems. Finally, we find clear evidence that tidal interactions not only lead to enhanced star formation in galaxies, but also cause structural changes such as an increase in concentration.
astro-ph
we investigate the clustering properties of a complete sample of 105 starforming galaxies drawn from the sdss dr4 on scales less than 100 kpc the amplitude of the correlation function exhibits a strong dependence on the specific star formation rate of the galaxy we interpret this as the signature of enhanced star formation induced by tidal interactions we then explore how the average star formation rate in a galaxy is enhanced as the projected separation r_p between the galaxy and its companions decreases we find that the enhancement depends strongly on r_p but very weakly on the relative luminosity of the companions the enhancement is also stronger in low mass galaxies than in high mass galaxies in order to explore whether a tidal interaction is not only sufficient but also necessary to trigger enhanced star formation in a galaxy we compute background subtracted neighbour counts for the galaxies in our sample the average number of close neighbours around galaxies with low to average values of sfrm is close to zero at the highest specific star formation rates however more than 40 of the galaxies in our sample have a companion within a projected radius of 100 kpc visual inspection of the highest sfrm galaxies without companions reveals that more than 50 of these are clear interacting or merging systems we conclude that tidal interactions are the dominant trigger of enhanced star formation in the most strongly starforming systems finally we find clear evidence that tidal interactions not only lead to enhanced star formation in galaxies but also cause structural changes such as an increase in concentration
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711.3793
A Large Sky Simulation of the Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Large scale structure deflects cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. Since large angular scales in the large scale structure contribute significantly to the gravitational lensing effect, a realistic simulation of CMB lensing requires a sufficiently large sky area. We describe simulations that include these effects, and present both effective and multiple plane ray-tracing versions of the algorithm, which employs spherical harmonic space and does not use the flat sky approximation. We simulate lensed CMB maps with an angular resolution of ~0.9 arcmin. The angular power spectrum of the simulated sky agrees well with analytical predictions. Maps generated in this manner are a useful tool for the analysis and interpretation of upcoming CMB experiments such as PLANCK and ACT.
astro-ph
large scale structure deflects cosmic microwave background cmb photons since large angular scales in the large scale structure contribute significantly to the gravitational lensing effect a realistic simulation of cmb lensing requires a sufficiently large sky area we describe simulations that include these effects and present both effective and multiple plane raytracing versions of the algorithm which employs spherical harmonic space and does not use the flat sky approximation we simulate lensed cmb maps with an angular resolution of 09 arcmin the angular power spectrum of the simulated sky agrees well with analytical predictions maps generated in this manner are a useful tool for the analysis and interpretation of upcoming cmb experiments such as planck and act
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711.3794
Bernstein-Sato polynomials in positive characteristic
In characteristic zero, the Bernstein-Sato polynomial of a hypersurface can be described as the minimal polynomial of the action of an Euler operator on a suitable D-module. We consider the analogous D-module in positive characteristic, and use it to define a sequence of Bernstein-Sato polynomials (corresponding to the fact that we need to consider also divided powers Euler operators). We show that the information contained in these polynomials is equivalent to that given by the F-jumping exponents of the hypersurface, in the sense of Hara and Yoshida.
math.AG math.AC
in characteristic zero the bernsteinsato polynomial of a hypersurface can be described as the minimal polynomial of the action of an euler operator on a suitable dmodule we consider the analogous dmodule in positive characteristic and use it to define a sequence of bernsteinsato polynomials corresponding to the fact that we need to consider also divided powers euler operators we show that the information contained in these polynomials is equivalent to that given by the fjumping exponents of the hypersurface in the sense of hara and yoshida
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711.3795
Horizontal Symmetry
The relation between fermion mixing and horizontal symmetry is discussed.
hep-ph
the relation between fermion mixing and horizontal symmetry is discussed
[['the', 'relation', 'between', 'fermion', 'mixing', 'and', 'horizontal', 'symmetry', 'is', 'discussed']]
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711.3796
Minimum instances of topological matter in an optical plaquette
We propose experimental schemes to create and probe minimum forms of different topologically ordered states in a plaquette of an optical lattice: Resonating Valence Bond, Laughlin and string-net condensed states. We show how to create anyonic excitations on top of these liquids and detect their fractional statistics. In addition, we propose a way to design a plaquette ring-exchange interaction, the building block Hamiltonian of a lattice topological theory. Our preparation and detection schemes combine different techniques already demonstrated in experiments with atoms in optical superlattices.
cond-mat.other
we propose experimental schemes to create and probe minimum forms of different topologically ordered states in a plaquette of an optical lattice resonating valence bond laughlin and stringnet condensed states we show how to create anyonic excitations on top of these liquids and detect their fractional statistics in addition we propose a way to design a plaquette ringexchange interaction the building block hamiltonian of a lattice topological theory our preparation and detection schemes combine different techniques already demonstrated in experiments with atoms in optical superlattices
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711.3797
A PDE for the multi-time joint probability of the Airy process
This paper gives a PDE for multi-time joint probability of the Airy process, which generalizes Adler and van Moerbeke's result on the 2-time case. As an intermediate step, the PDE for the multi-time joint probability of the Dyson Brownian motion is also given.
math.PR math-ph math.MP
this paper gives a pde for multitime joint probability of the airy process which generalizes adler and van moerbekes result on the 2time case as an intermediate step the pde for the multitime joint probability of the dyson brownian motion is also given
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711.3798
Spin entanglement, decoherence and Bohm's EPR paradox
We obtain criteria for entanglement and the EPR paradox for spin-entangled particles and analyse the effects of decoherence caused by absorption and state purity errors. For a two qubit photonic state, entanglement can occur for all transmission efficiencies. In this case, the state preparation purity must be above a threshold value. However, Bohm's spin EPR paradox can be achieved only above a critical level of loss. We calculate a required efficiency of 58%, which appears achievable with current quantum optical technologies. For a macroscopic number of particles prepared in a correlated state, spin entanglement and the EPR paradox can be demonstrated using our criteria for efficiencies {\eta} > 1/3 and {\eta} > 2/3 respectively. This indicates a surprising insensitivity to loss decoherence, in a macroscopic system of ultra-cold atoms or photons.
quant-ph
we obtain criteria for entanglement and the epr paradox for spinentangled particles and analyse the effects of decoherence caused by absorption and state purity errors for a two qubit photonic state entanglement can occur for all transmission efficiencies in this case the state preparation purity must be above a threshold value however bohms spin epr paradox can be achieved only above a critical level of loss we calculate a required efficiency of 58 which appears achievable with current quantum optical technologies for a macroscopic number of particles prepared in a correlated state spin entanglement and the epr paradox can be demonstrated using our criteria for efficiencies eta 13 and eta 23 respectively this indicates a surprising insensitivity to loss decoherence in a macroscopic system of ultracold atoms or photons
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711.3799
Descent constructions for central extensions of infinite dimensional Lie algebras
We use Galois descent to construct central extensions of twisted forms of split simple Lie algebras over rings. These types of algebras arise naturally in the construction of Extended Affine Lie Algebras. The construction also gives information about the structure of the group of automorphisms of such algebras.
math.AG math.RA
we use galois descent to construct central extensions of twisted forms of split simple lie algebras over rings these types of algebras arise naturally in the construction of extended affine lie algebras the construction also gives information about the structure of the group of automorphisms of such algebras
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711.38
Echo Emission From Dust Scattering and X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
We investigate the effect of X-ray echo emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We find that the echo emission can provide an alternative way of understanding X-ray shallow decays and jet breaks. In particular, a shallow decay followed by a "normal" decay and a further rapid decay of X-ray afterglows can be together explained as being due to the echo from prompt X-ray emission scattered by dust grains in a massive wind bubble around a GRB progenitor. We also introduce an extra temporal break in the X-ray echo emission. By fitting the afterglow light curves, we can measure the locations of the massive wind bubbles, which will bring us closer to finding the mass loss rate, wind velocity, and the age of the progenitors prior to the GRB explosions.
astro-ph
we investigate the effect of xray echo emission in gammaray bursts grbs we find that the echo emission can provide an alternative way of understanding xray shallow decays and jet breaks in particular a shallow decay followed by a normal decay and a further rapid decay of xray afterglows can be together explained as being due to the echo from prompt xray emission scattered by dust grains in a massive wind bubble around a grb progenitor we also introduce an extra temporal break in the xray echo emission by fitting the afterglow light curves we can measure the locations of the massive wind bubbles which will bring us closer to finding the mass loss rate wind velocity and the age of the progenitors prior to the grb explosions
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711.3801
May 12 1997 Cme Event: I. a Simplified Model of the Pre-Eruptive Magnetic Structure
A simple model of the coronal magnetic field prior to the CME eruption on May 12 1997 is developed. First, the magnetic field is constructed by superimposing a large-scale background field and a localized bipolar field to model the active region (AR) in the current-free approximation. Second, this potential configuration is quasi-statically sheared by photospheric vortex motions applied to two flux concentrations of the AR. Third, the resulting force-free field is then evolved by canceling the photospheric magnetic flux with the help of an appropriate tangential electric field applied to the central part of the AR. To understand the structure of the modeled configuration, we use the field line mapping technique by generalizing it to spherical geometry. It is demonstrated that the initial potential configuration contains a hyperbolic flux tube (HFT) which is a union of two intersecting quasi-separatrix layers. This HFT provides a partition of the closed magnetic flux between the AR and the global solar magnetic field. The vortex motions applied to the AR interlock the field lines in the coronal volume to form additionally two new HFTs pinched into thin current layers. Reconnection in these current layers helps to redistribute the magnetic flux and current within the AR in the flux-cancellation phase. In this phase, a magnetic flux rope is formed together with a bald patch separatrix surface wrapping around the rope. Other important implications of the identified structural features of the modeled configuration are also discussed.
astro-ph
a simple model of the coronal magnetic field prior to the cme eruption on may 12 1997 is developed first the magnetic field is constructed by superimposing a largescale background field and a localized bipolar field to model the active region ar in the currentfree approximation second this potential configuration is quasistatically sheared by photospheric vortex motions applied to two flux concentrations of the ar third the resulting forcefree field is then evolved by canceling the photospheric magnetic flux with the help of an appropriate tangential electric field applied to the central part of the ar to understand the structure of the modeled configuration we use the field line mapping technique by generalizing it to spherical geometry it is demonstrated that the initial potential configuration contains a hyperbolic flux tube hft which is a union of two intersecting quasiseparatrix layers this hft provides a partition of the closed magnetic flux between the ar and the global solar magnetic field the vortex motions applied to the ar interlock the field lines in the coronal volume to form additionally two new hfts pinched into thin current layers reconnection in these current layers helps to redistribute the magnetic flux and current within the ar in the fluxcancellation phase in this phase a magnetic flux rope is formed together with a bald patch separatrix surface wrapping around the rope other important implications of the identified structural features of the modeled configuration are also discussed
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711.3802
N_pN_n dependence of empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the 2^+ states in even-even nuclei
We examine the effects of the additional term of the type $\sim e^{- \lambda' N_pN_n}$ on the recently proposed empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the $2^+$ states in even-even nuclei. This study is motivated by the fact that this term carries the favorable dependence of the valence nucleon numbers dictated by the $N_pN_n$ scheme. We show explicitly that there is not any improvement in reproducing $E_x(2_1^+)$ by including the extra $N_pN_n$ term. However, our study also reveals that the excitation energies $E_x(2_1^+)$, when calculated by the $N_pN_n$ term alone (with the mass number $A$ dependent term), are quite comparable to those calculated by the original empirical formula.
nucl-th
we examine the effects of the additional term of the type sim e lambda n_pn_n on the recently proposed empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the 2 states in eveneven nuclei this study is motivated by the fact that this term carries the favorable dependence of the valence nucleon numbers dictated by the n_pn_n scheme we show explicitly that there is not any improvement in reproducing e_x2_1 by including the extra n_pn_n term however our study also reveals that the excitation energies e_x2_1 when calculated by the n_pn_n term alone with the mass number a dependent term are quite comparable to those calculated by the original empirical formula
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711.3803
A Note on Chern-Simons Solitons - a type III vortex from the wall vortex
We study some properties of topological Chern-Simons vortices in 2 + 1 dimensions. As has already been understood in the past, in the large magnetic flux limit, they are well described by a Chern-Simons domain wall, which has been compactified on a circle with the symmetric phase inside and the asymmetric phase on the outside. Our goal is two-fold. First we want to explore how the tension depends on the magnetic flux discretized by the integer n. The BPS case is already known, but not much has been explored about the non-BPS potentials. A generic renormalizable potential has two dimensionless parameters that can be varied. Variation of only one of them lead to a type I and type II vortex, very similar to the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO) case. Variation of both the parameters leads to a much richer structure. In particular we have found a new type of vortex, which is type I-like for small flux and then turns type II-like for larger flux. We could tentatively denote it a type III vortex. This results in a stable vortex with number of fluxes which can be greater than one. Our second objective is to study the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory and and understand how the large n limit of the CS vortex is smoothly connected with the large n limit of the ANO vortex.
hep-th
we study some properties of topological chernsimons vortices in 2 1 dimensions as has already been understood in the past in the large magnetic flux limit they are well described by a chernsimons domain wall which has been compactified on a circle with the symmetric phase inside and the asymmetric phase on the outside our goal is twofold first we want to explore how the tension depends on the magnetic flux discretized by the integer n the bps case is already known but not much has been explored about the nonbps potentials a generic renormalizable potential has two dimensionless parameters that can be varied variation of only one of them lead to a type i and type ii vortex very similar to the abrikosovnielsenolesen ano case variation of both the parameters leads to a much richer structure in particular we have found a new type of vortex which is type ilike for small flux and then turns type iilike for larger flux we could tentatively denote it a type iii vortex this results in a stable vortex with number of fluxes which can be greater than one our second objective is to study the maxwellchernsimons theory and and understand how the large n limit of the cs vortex is smoothly connected with the large n limit of the ano vortex
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711.3804
Sheep Collisions: the Good, the Bad, and the TBI
The title page of Chapter 9 in Fundamentals of Physics (Halliday, Resnick, and Walker, 8th Edition, p. 201) shows a dramatic photograph of two Big Horn sheep butting heads and promises to explain how sheep survive such violent clashes without serious injury. However, the answer presented in sample problem 9-4 (p. 213) errs in presuming an interaction time of 0.27 s which results in an unrealistically long stopping distance of 0.62 m. Furthermore, the assertion that the horns provide necessary cushioning of the blow is inconsistent with the absence of concussions in domestic breeds of hornless sheep. Results from traumatic brain injury (TBI) research allow acceleration tolerance of sheep to be estimated as 450 g facilitating an analysis of sheep collisions that is more consistent with available observations (stopping distance less than 1 cm, impact time of roughly 2 ms).
physics.ed-ph
the title page of chapter 9 in fundamentals of physics halliday resnick and walker 8th edition p 201 shows a dramatic photograph of two big horn sheep butting heads and promises to explain how sheep survive such violent clashes without serious injury however the answer presented in sample problem 94 p 213 errs in presuming an interaction time of 027 s which results in an unrealistically long stopping distance of 062 m furthermore the assertion that the horns provide necessary cushioning of the blow is inconsistent with the absence of concussions in domestic breeds of hornless sheep results from traumatic brain injury tbi research allow acceleration tolerance of sheep to be estimated as 450 g facilitating an analysis of sheep collisions that is more consistent with available observations stopping distance less than 1 cm impact time of roughly 2 ms
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711.3805
The corona and upper transition region of epsilon Eridani
We present analyses of observations of epsilon Eridani (K2 V) made with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on Chandra and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, supplemented by observations made with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton. The observed emission lines are used to find relative element abundances, to place limits on the electron densities and pressures and to determine the mean apparent emission measure distribution. As in the previous paper by Sim & Jordan (2003a), the mean emitting area as a function of the electron temperature is derived by comparisons with a theoretical emission measure distribution found from energy balance arguments. The final model has a coronal temperature of 3.4 x 10^6 K, an electron pressure of 1.3 x 10^16 cm^-3 K at T_e = 2 x 10^5 K and an area filling factor of 0.14 at 3.2 x 10^5 K. We discuss a number of issues concerning the atomic data currently available. Our analyses are based mainly on the latest version of CHIANTI (v5.2). We conclude that the Ne/O relative abundance is 0.30, larger than that recommended from solar studies, and that there is no convincing evidence for enhanced coronal abundances of elements with low first ionization potentials.
astro-ph
we present analyses of observations of epsilon eridani k2 v made with the low energy transmission grating spectrometer on chandra and the extreme ultraviolet explorer supplemented by observations made with the space telescope imaging spectrograph the far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer and the reflection grating spectrometer on xmmnewton the observed emission lines are used to find relative element abundances to place limits on the electron densities and pressures and to determine the mean apparent emission measure distribution as in the previous paper by sim jordan 2003a the mean emitting area as a function of the electron temperature is derived by comparisons with a theoretical emission measure distribution found from energy balance arguments the final model has a coronal temperature of 34 x 106 k an electron pressure of 13 x 1016 cm3 k at t_e 2 x 105 k and an area filling factor of 014 at 32 x 105 k we discuss a number of issues concerning the atomic data currently available our analyses are based mainly on the latest version of chianti v52 we conclude that the neo relative abundance is 030 larger than that recommended from solar studies and that there is no convincing evidence for enhanced coronal abundances of elements with low first ionization potentials
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711.3806
Geometric Intersection Number and analogues of the Curve Complex for free groups
For the free group $F_{N}$ of finite rank $N \geq 2$ we construct a canonical Bonahon-type continuous and $Out(F_N)$-invariant \emph{geometric intersection form} \[ <, >: \bar{cv}(F_N)\times Curr(F_N)\to \mathbb R_{\ge 0}. \] Here $\bar{cv}(F_N)$ is the closure of unprojectivized Culler-Vogtmann's Outer space $cv(F_N)$ in the equivariant Gromov-Hausdorff convergence topology (or, equivalently, in the length function topology). It is known that $\bar{cv}(F_N)$ consists of all \emph{very small} minimal isometric actions of $F_N$ on $\mathbb R$-trees. The projectivization of $\bar{cv}(F_N)$ provides a free group analogue of Thurston's compactification of the Teichm\"uller space. As an application, using the \emph{intersection graph} determined by the intersection form, we show that several natural analogues of the curve complex in the free group context have infinite diameter.
math.GR math.GT
for the free group f_n of finite rank n geq 2 we construct a canonical bonahontype continuous and outf_ninvariant emphgeometric intersection form barcvf_ntimes currf_nto mathbb r_ge 0 here barcvf_n is the closure of unprojectivized cullervogtmanns outer space cvf_n in the equivariant gromovhausdorff convergence topology or equivalently in the length function topology it is known that barcvf_n consists of all emphvery small minimal isometric actions of f_n on mathbb rtrees the projectivization of barcvf_n provides a free group analogue of thurstons compactification of the teichmuller space as an application using the emphintersection graph determined by the intersection form we show that several natural analogues of the curve complex in the free group context have infinite diameter
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711.3807
Stability of liquid ridges on chemical micro- and nanostripes
We analyze the stability of sessile filaments (ridges) of nonvolatile liquids versus pearling in the case of externally driven flow along a chemical stripe within the framework of the thin film approximation. The ridges can be stable with respect to pearling even if the contact line is not completely pinned. A generalized stability criterion for moving contact lines is provided. For large wavelengths and no drive, within perturbation theory, an analytical expression of the growth rate of pearling instabilities is derived. A numerical analysis shows that drive further stabilizes the ridge by reducing the growth rate of unstable perturbations, even though there is no complete stabilization. Hence the stability criteria established without drive ensure overall stability.
cond-mat.soft
we analyze the stability of sessile filaments ridges of nonvolatile liquids versus pearling in the case of externally driven flow along a chemical stripe within the framework of the thin film approximation the ridges can be stable with respect to pearling even if the contact line is not completely pinned a generalized stability criterion for moving contact lines is provided for large wavelengths and no drive within perturbation theory an analytical expression of the growth rate of pearling instabilities is derived a numerical analysis shows that drive further stabilizes the ridge by reducing the growth rate of unstable perturbations even though there is no complete stabilization hence the stability criteria established without drive ensure overall stability
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