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711.4508 | Representation and Measure of Structural Information | We introduce a uniform representation of general objects that captures the
regularities with respect to their structure. It allows a representation of a
general class of objects including geometric patterns and images in a sparse,
modular, hierarchical, and recursive manner. The representation can exploit any
computable regularity in objects to compactly describe them, while also being
capable of representing random objects as raw data. A set of rules uniformly
dictates the interpretation of the representation into raw signal, which makes
it possible to ask what pattern a given raw signal contains. Also, it allows
simple separation of the information that we wish to ignore from that which we
measure, by using a set of maps to delineate the a priori parts of the objects,
leaving only the information in the structure.
Using the representation, we introduce a measure of information in general
objects relative to structures defined by the set of maps. We point out that
the common prescription of encoding objects by strings to use Kolmogorov
complexity is meaningless when, as often is the case, the encoding is not
specified in any way other than that it exists. Noting this, we define the
measure directly in terms of the structures of the spaces in which the objects
reside. As a result, the measure is defined relative to a set of maps that
characterize the structures. It turns out that the measure is equivalent to
Kolmogorov complexity when it is defined relative to the maps characterizing
the structure of natural numbers. Thus, the formulation gives the larger class
of objects a meaningful measure of information that generalizes Kolmogorov
complexity.
| cs.CC cs.CV cs.IT math.IT | we introduce a uniform representation of general objects that captures the regularities with respect to their structure it allows a representation of a general class of objects including geometric patterns and images in a sparse modular hierarchical and recursive manner the representation can exploit any computable regularity in objects to compactly describe them while also being capable of representing random objects as raw data a set of rules uniformly dictates the interpretation of the representation into raw signal which makes it possible to ask what pattern a given raw signal contains also it allows simple separation of the information that we wish to ignore from that which we measure by using a set of maps to delineate the a priori parts of the objects leaving only the information in the structure using the representation we introduce a measure of information in general objects relative to structures defined by the set of maps we point out that the common prescription of encoding objects by strings to use kolmogorov complexity is meaningless when as often is the case the encoding is not specified in any way other than that it exists noting this we define the measure directly in terms of the structures of the spaces in which the objects reside as a result the measure is defined relative to a set of maps that characterize the structures it turns out that the measure is equivalent to kolmogorov complexity when it is defined relative to the maps characterizing the structure of natural numbers thus the formulation gives the larger class of objects a meaningful measure of information that generalizes kolmogorov complexity | [['we', 'introduce', 'a', 'uniform', 'representation', 'of', 'general', 'objects', 'that', 'captures', 'the', 'regularities', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'their', 'structure', 'it', 'allows', 'a', 'representation', 'of', 'a', 'general', 'class', 'of', 'objects', 'including', 'geometric', 'patterns', 'and', 'images', 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711.4509 | Large supremum norms and small Shannon entropy for Hecke eigenfunctions
of quantized cat maps | This paper concerns the behavior of eigenfunctions of quantized cat maps and
in particular their supremum norm. We observe that for composite integer values
of N, the inverse of Planck's constant, some of the desymmetrized
eigenfunctions have very small support and hence very large supremum norm. We
also prove an entropy estimate and show that our functions satisfy equality in
this estimate. In the case when N is a prime power with even exponent we
calculate the supremum norm for a large proportion of all desymmetrized
eigenfunctions and we find that for a given N there is essentially at most four
different values these assume.
| math.NT math-ph math.MP | this paper concerns the behavior of eigenfunctions of quantized cat maps and in particular their supremum norm we observe that for composite integer values of n the inverse of plancks constant some of the desymmetrized eigenfunctions have very small support and hence very large supremum norm we also prove an entropy estimate and show that our functions satisfy equality in this estimate in the case when n is a prime power with even exponent we calculate the supremum norm for a large proportion of all desymmetrized eigenfunctions and we find that for a given n there is essentially at most four different values these assume | [['this', 'paper', 'concerns', 'the', 'behavior', 'of', 'eigenfunctions', 'of', 'quantized', 'cat', 'maps', 'and', 'in', 'particular', 'their', 'supremum', 'norm', 'we', 'observe', 'that', 'for', 'composite', 'integer', 'values', 'of', 'n', 'the', 'inverse', 'of', 'plancks', 'constant', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'desymmetrized', 'eigenfunctions', 'have', 'very', 'small', 'support', 'and', 'hence', 'very', 'large', 'supremum', 'norm', 'we', 'also', 'prove', 'an', 'entropy', 'estimate', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'our', 'functions', 'satisfy', 'equality', 'in', 'this', 'estimate', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'when', 'n', 'is', 'a', 'prime', 'power', 'with', 'even', 'exponent', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'supremum', 'norm', 'for', 'a', 'large', 'proportion', 'of', 'all', 'desymmetrized', 'eigenfunctions', 'and', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'for', 'a', 'given', 'n', 'there', 'is', 'essentially', 'at', 'most', 'four', 'different', 'values', 'these', 'assume']] | [-0.13195575441100768, 0.1461653987446057, -0.055456522012606174, 0.08975474901852154, -1.4090970979027805e-05, -0.1364298504976822, 0.002439960614512009, 0.32543524297929943, -0.2736755872200731, -0.24037257440033413, 0.11116174807705517, -0.3097965549322821, -0.13989064799222564, 0.19381114114075898, -0.054125869726496086, 0.05538191020716026, 0.06411791084600346, 0.10066889607835383, -0.05377464722398491, -0.2536905951321214, 0.35404674245842865, -0.008557183091484365, 0.22018079050772246, 0.07047735323597278, 0.08814705462594118, -0.027488146493920968, 0.0164903462509669, 0.00931542700245267, -0.15149395080786365, 0.1133530190480607, 0.26359747162620933, 0.11189654309613009, 0.3065395258588805, -0.37352568691685084, -0.1315213528106965, 0.21428557943464036, 0.12923628484076333, 0.03577130895462774, -0.028261932138619678, -0.17828520933565284, 0.1489771134064843, -0.13410167523792813, -0.14627897456465733, -0.0851215458519402, 0.1004095961605864, 0.03609933035137753, -0.31701294272428465, 0.05897206839013268, 0.07657966185361147, 0.06547634954608622, -0.10650770305212409, -0.16870964989066123, 0.03673539641978485, 0.11235075817759414, 0.06299802663159512, -0.02046357101006877, 0.04307859121333985, -0.10539505492031043, -0.04439489346529756, 0.31375894075525657, -0.09163887881718222, -0.2355779265364011, 0.10444703482180125, -0.2372719752469233, -0.1578818588251514, 0.06846140445254388, 0.13177384893809047, 0.1306415835439804, -0.04979401018672867, 0.14860960516324712, -0.0918577437022967, 0.1717786585823411, 0.09070258675409215, 0.07961987862363458, 0.11892980644035907, 0.042793419897290214, 0.12419294324437423, 0.14805350661100375, -0.04835202833637595, -0.05517020884989982, -0.3544929923046203, -0.17652535454503127, -0.2523756284122577, 0.10569362897603285, -0.15436163000440933, -0.18405603503010104, 0.33515405429615863, 0.11850614537085806, 0.2632810424392422, 0.16514971183524246, 0.21931460475815193, 0.17290217887632373, 0.03177919132812392, 0.1218573830400904, 0.2122209776871993, 0.10481074189911374, 0.03954058556728775, -0.19093062494482313, 0.04181765560282483, 0.07674977732378813] |
711.451 | The benefits of the orthogonal LSM models | In the last few decades both the volume of high-quality observing data on
variable stars and common access to them have boomed; however the standard used
methods of data processing and interpretation have lagged behind this progress.
The most popular method of data treatment remains for many decades Linear
Regression (LR) based on the principles of Least Squares Method (LSM) or
linearized LSM. Unfortunately, we have to state that the method of linear
regression is not as a rule used accordingly namely in the evaluation of
uncertainties of the LR parameters and estimates of the uncertainty of the LR
predictions.
We present the matrix version of basic relations of LR and the true estimate
of the uncertainty of the LR predictions. We define properties of the
orthogonal LR models and show how to transform general LR models into
orthogonal ones. We give relations for orthogonal models for common polynomial
series.
| astro-ph | in the last few decades both the volume of highquality observing data on variable stars and common access to them have boomed however the standard used methods of data processing and interpretation have lagged behind this progress the most popular method of data treatment remains for many decades linear regression lr based on the principles of least squares method lsm or linearized lsm unfortunately we have to state that the method of linear regression is not as a rule used accordingly namely in the evaluation of uncertainties of the lr parameters and estimates of the uncertainty of the lr predictions we present the matrix version of basic relations of lr and the true estimate of the uncertainty of the lr predictions we define properties of the orthogonal lr models and show how to transform general lr models into orthogonal ones we give relations for orthogonal models for common polynomial series | [['in', 'the', 'last', 'few', 'decades', 'both', 'the', 'volume', 'of', 'highquality', 'observing', 'data', 'on', 'variable', 'stars', 'and', 'common', 'access', 'to', 'them', 'have', 'boomed', 'however', 'the', 'standard', 'used', 'methods', 'of', 'data', 'processing', 'and', 'interpretation', 'have', 'lagged', 'behind', 'this', 'progress', 'the', 'most', 'popular', 'method', 'of', 'data', 'treatment', 'remains', 'for', 'many', 'decades', 'linear', 'regression', 'lr', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'principles', 'of', 'least', 'squares', 'method', 'lsm', 'or', 'linearized', 'lsm', 'unfortunately', 'we', 'have', 'to', 'state', 'that', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'linear', 'regression', 'is', 'not', 'as', 'a', 'rule', 'used', 'accordingly', 'namely', 'in', 'the', 'evaluation', 'of', 'uncertainties', 'of', 'the', 'lr', 'parameters', 'and', 'estimates', 'of', 'the', 'uncertainty', 'of', 'the', 'lr', 'predictions', 'we', 'present', 'the', 'matrix', 'version', 'of', 'basic', 'relations', 'of', 'lr', 'and', 'the', 'true', 'estimate', 'of', 'the', 'uncertainty', 'of', 'the', 'lr', 'predictions', 'we', 'define', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'orthogonal', 'lr', 'models', 'and', 'show', 'how', 'to', 'transform', 'general', 'lr', 'models', 'into', 'orthogonal', 'ones', 'we', 'give', 'relations', 'for', 'orthogonal', 'models', 'for', 'common', 'polynomial', 'series']] | [-0.029316497606535753, 0.012598782250036796, -0.10635702637955546, 0.09065294146848221, -0.08573096863304576, -0.1484647637947152, 0.043162615400118134, 0.37683690247436363, -0.2798656440254611, -0.2683570651678989, 0.17021280899488678, -0.25861712081978716, -0.13504860819045764, 0.1887615671924626, -0.04064487280944983, 0.10661182472870374, 0.06925233142450452, 0.04479652008973062, -0.11759354426991195, -0.27498183748374383, 0.2922554987700035, 0.019593321575472753, 0.2910032702734073, -0.026918147426719465, 0.12237343229431039, 0.04485581773333251, -0.08207234007616838, -0.01165147899882868, -0.10337317345843379, 0.1730985539391016, 0.23914430576393594, 0.2012839751224965, 0.27036125750591355, -0.43742839866162586, -0.18876373997268578, 0.1158633923328792, 0.11134747733362019, 0.08226644704176579, 0.0016119275614619255, -0.216682634751002, 0.059140722067871444, -0.13639863920475667, -0.0864938471528391, -0.09194366244754444, -0.007475238372571766, 0.017131890886618446, -0.2946351497403036, 0.10698077394083763, 0.08268203166158249, 0.07976059592639406, -0.03837874151494664, -0.17445642774847026, 0.041896298940603934, 0.12110165714131048, 0.06927192084879304, -0.008222312632327278, 0.04901862069653968, -0.13954765556224932, -0.13121832025547822, 0.39020380134383836, -0.07405366024933756, -0.19707845365783822, 0.19116621491964905, -0.13098474084554862, -0.1667814883302587, 0.06362263796851039, 0.2006698853398363, 0.08917512875050307, -0.15208295987918974, 0.07575934670050628, -0.0486931609082967, 0.15858740190975368, 0.01364933523737515, 0.025899857026912894, 0.168485379156967, 0.1527005413469548, -0.005692785323675101, 0.07321813407936134, -0.13367569195281248, -0.07390651280681292, -0.2719039187316472, -0.12954945407807827, -0.1537456893750156, -0.034746054098844376, -0.09276843878081611, -0.1743764185028461, 0.39734344818939765, 0.17976515244692565, 0.19637226204698285, 0.0774831424963971, 0.3036664958593125, 0.11456368386667842, 0.10983787988002101, 0.04081458570125202, 0.2446913139584164, 0.14763001331438622, 0.051960749849677086, -0.17249304243984323, 0.08096175499260426, 0.08498695409546296] |
711.4511 | A new approach to the relativistic treatment of the fermion-boson
system, based on the extension of the SL(2,C) group | A new technique for constructing the relativistic wave equation for the
two-body system composed of the spin-1/2 and spin-0 particles is proposed. The
method is based on the extension of the SL(2,C) group to the Sp(4,C) one. The
obtained equation includes the interaction potentials, having both the
Lorentz-vector and Lorentz-tensor structure, exactly describes the relativistic
kinematics and possesses the correct one-particle limits. The comparison with
results of other approaches to this problem is discussed.
| hep-th | a new technique for constructing the relativistic wave equation for the twobody system composed of the spin12 and spin0 particles is proposed the method is based on the extension of the sl2c group to the sp4c one the obtained equation includes the interaction potentials having both the lorentzvector and lorentztensor structure exactly describes the relativistic kinematics and possesses the correct oneparticle limits the comparison with results of other approaches to this problem is discussed | [['a', 'new', 'technique', 'for', 'constructing', 'the', 'relativistic', 'wave', 'equation', 'for', 'the', 'twobody', 'system', 'composed', 'of', 'the', 'spin12', 'and', 'spin0', 'particles', 'is', 'proposed', 'the', 'method', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'sl2c', 'group', 'to', 'the', 'sp4c', 'one', 'the', 'obtained', 'equation', 'includes', 'the', 'interaction', 'potentials', 'having', 'both', 'the', 'lorentzvector', 'and', 'lorentztensor', 'structure', 'exactly', 'describes', 'the', 'relativistic', 'kinematics', 'and', 'possesses', 'the', 'correct', 'oneparticle', 'limits', 'the', 'comparison', 'with', 'results', 'of', 'other', 'approaches', 'to', 'this', 'problem', 'is', 'discussed']] | [-0.13407648824257393, 0.0808168424688892, -0.10966236565951003, 0.06481807123014882, -0.07046843850857591, -0.13661071978994224, -0.05786772587732093, 0.3050656480689163, -0.20958318252575725, -0.26533803883110724, 0.020808024357442986, -0.316778624085837, -0.09782135712416613, 0.1907315805477843, 0.06252778397094816, 0.049328552559018135, 0.0560823758196545, 0.07985249719556982, -0.09451057137092193, -0.19284898511848528, 0.357902900245653, 0.0301081758400757, 0.23486873436055772, 0.04005687442697482, 0.1536165075440419, 0.06974418133525943, -0.01074327659563557, -0.024062148269827235, -0.09439210735631418, 0.1239573518563802, 0.15642916145878014, 0.07355495383053992, 0.19137761124078032, -0.37572090145302556, -0.20020448500035357, 0.05970309078948547, 0.1305812987664791, 0.15597365013234418, -0.04660890590278304, -0.3324881897831004, 0.03100131749979233, -0.17681151275101997, -0.21471186986269608, -0.04769803760956003, -0.01914582169321302, 0.006668708580609871, -0.2489040224623152, 0.09262526413339688, 0.04178093917897507, -0.031782163205007985, -0.117766227439199, -0.13401944984280031, -0.002394846723453231, 0.08891455366033806, 0.04642819774286081, 0.024852729306798684, 0.0879788366848067, -0.13310453139743067, -0.11054724449138731, 0.45112182867190204, -0.0711061717872189, -0.2642071972256654, 0.19268000785146572, -0.11013896250459429, -0.1280895601830458, 0.12802500338995293, 0.11158110062298301, 0.10843387104519835, -0.18159980941898737, 0.14052986883484975, -0.0673521508760543, 0.11471035231976476, -0.0010461916713273688, -0.0013648587955187445, 0.14958567424894195, 0.18495162239629928, 0.008701016156844897, 0.13483487114657916, -0.0708487920801168, -0.12067198997031744, -0.31302409869146675, -0.15109425019600417, -0.18050333728682097, -0.012358707088174948, -0.05847206739776557, -0.15660507440541502, 0.4324804018315387, 0.12886457849447042, 0.12773602152217742, 0.03941246486996135, 0.28251577158496805, 0.16958628132084563, 0.04750269896363559, 0.07445860675166119, 0.2516834299552114, 0.1948817291182198, 0.04875882667144888, -0.2682549571937384, 5.60983460498591e-05, 0.1458289854592095] |
711.4512 | Eliminating fast reactions in stochastic simulations of biochemical
networks: a bistable genetic switch | In many stochastic simulations of biochemical reaction networks, it is
desirable to ``coarse-grain'' the reaction set, removing fast reactions while
retaining the correct system dynamics. Various coarse-graining methods have
been proposed, but it remains unclear which methods are reliable and which
reactions can safely be eliminated. We address these issues for a model gene
regulatory network that is particularly sensitive to dynamical fluctuations: a
bistable genetic switch. We remove protein-DNA and/or protein-protein
association-dissociation reactions from the reaction set, using various
coarse-graining strategies. We determine the effects on the steady-state
probability distribution function and on the rate of fluctuation-driven switch
flipping transitions. We find that protein-protein interactions may be safely
eliminated from the reaction set, but protein-DNA interactions may not. We also
find that it is important to use the chemical master equation rather than
macroscopic rate equations to compute effective propensity functions for the
coarse-grained reactions.
| q-bio.QM q-bio.MN | in many stochastic simulations of biochemical reaction networks it is desirable to coarsegrain the reaction set removing fast reactions while retaining the correct system dynamics various coarsegraining methods have been proposed but it remains unclear which methods are reliable and which reactions can safely be eliminated we address these issues for a model gene regulatory network that is particularly sensitive to dynamical fluctuations a bistable genetic switch we remove proteindna andor proteinprotein associationdissociation reactions from the reaction set using various coarsegraining strategies we determine the effects on the steadystate probability distribution function and on the rate of fluctuationdriven switch flipping transitions we find that proteinprotein interactions may be safely eliminated from the reaction set but proteindna interactions may not we also find that it is important to use the chemical master equation rather than macroscopic rate equations to compute effective propensity functions for the coarsegrained reactions | [['in', 'many', 'stochastic', 'simulations', 'of', 'biochemical', 'reaction', 'networks', 'it', 'is', 'desirable', 'to', 'coarsegrain', 'the', 'reaction', 'set', 'removing', 'fast', 'reactions', 'while', 'retaining', 'the', 'correct', 'system', 'dynamics', 'various', 'coarsegraining', 'methods', 'have', 'been', 'proposed', 'but', 'it', 'remains', 'unclear', 'which', 'methods', 'are', 'reliable', 'and', 'which', 'reactions', 'can', 'safely', 'be', 'eliminated', 'we', 'address', 'these', 'issues', 'for', 'a', 'model', 'gene', 'regulatory', 'network', 'that', 'is', 'particularly', 'sensitive', 'to', 'dynamical', 'fluctuations', 'a', 'bistable', 'genetic', 'switch', 'we', 'remove', 'proteindna', 'andor', 'proteinprotein', 'associationdissociation', 'reactions', 'from', 'the', 'reaction', 'set', 'using', 'various', 'coarsegraining', 'strategies', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'effects', 'on', 'the', 'steadystate', 'probability', 'distribution', 'function', 'and', 'on', 'the', 'rate', 'of', 'fluctuationdriven', 'switch', 'flipping', 'transitions', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'proteinprotein', 'interactions', 'may', 'be', 'safely', 'eliminated', 'from', 'the', 'reaction', 'set', 'but', 'proteindna', 'interactions', 'may', 'not', 'we', 'also', 'find', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'important', 'to', 'use', 'the', 'chemical', 'master', 'equation', 'rather', 'than', 'macroscopic', 'rate', 'equations', 'to', 'compute', 'effective', 'propensity', 'functions', 'for', 'the', 'coarsegrained', 'reactions']] | [-0.09877609126971498, 0.13969203295211677, -0.07189909985914111, 0.13638084325604524, -0.04242525412063178, -0.16975830196584765, 0.07805372884158963, 0.36634893939919666, -0.31829246014917956, -0.2649211696817935, 0.011441874377627233, -0.2664047265074484, -0.19792800473865785, 0.15398614697177473, 0.0013843354918955735, 0.04189493279419329, 0.09946554097066289, -0.0029424692150077794, 0.028194982981889778, -0.19530102549988318, 0.29200250672635764, 0.08716202128602013, 0.2624427907117834, 0.08451349588672388, 0.11607833796065964, -0.05804216963309182, 0.006856344095654531, -0.003276080015109061, -0.12408921399630395, 0.06363459594216045, 0.2928073994702921, 0.14517274786150466, 0.23812925168919083, -0.4931912912719258, -0.26953501927296386, 0.16050327747696627, 0.1639761010642173, 0.23828015851705298, -0.02309300042593163, -0.2342432970787105, 0.06392362606010005, -0.1652499204310142, -0.07724827298039749, -0.18422765664960425, 0.019411229222298484, 0.05919354916701718, -0.27800716951406523, 0.07706967140077486, -0.007058728321444256, 0.035163273341548694, -0.04969727094859293, -0.11774631181639325, -0.05722428942601554, 0.17918419631673277, 0.015681204168374766, 0.01825657290205589, 0.25122686558760293, -0.11366277404308114, -0.0730261909201333, 0.3722689696651411, 0.005809159024777241, -0.26873961829720705, 0.22910075375733718, -0.08301966058485823, -0.18753837344032545, 0.16001012763773945, 0.16907843779405732, 0.11859572327006863, -0.28424034912254, 0.013134906858633184, 0.06595311194581732, 0.17738499795405627, 0.071261121908981, -0.006472858326024797, 0.1367332868737309, 0.19221891052000326, 0.027813966774735726, 0.07356386249031782, -0.058506243386982036, -0.17220672894881606, -0.2249193306157544, -0.07976078191550436, -0.12696629363329034, 0.09284205264453728, -0.07251782104837842, -0.14302146221409004, 0.3433028205540286, 0.17957281633694847, 0.15616911092034222, 0.026507475743491254, 0.2652351661865944, 0.0982833098796992, 0.09181809923547792, 0.037744778871842445, 0.21733765455587983, 0.09686476250708563, 0.06599905932392312, -0.27042811464084543, 0.19730900857942052, 0.01746825167705139] |
711.4513 | Conformal classes of asymptotically flat, static vacuum data | We show that time-reflection symmetric, asymptotically flat, static vacuum
data which admit a non-trivial conformal rescaling which leads again to such
data must be axi-symmetric and admit a conformal Killing field. Moreover, it is
shown that there exists a 3-parameter family of such data.
| gr-qc | we show that timereflection symmetric asymptotically flat static vacuum data which admit a nontrivial conformal rescaling which leads again to such data must be axisymmetric and admit a conformal killing field moreover it is shown that there exists a 3parameter family of such data | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'timereflection', 'symmetric', 'asymptotically', 'flat', 'static', 'vacuum', 'data', 'which', 'admit', 'a', 'nontrivial', 'conformal', 'rescaling', 'which', 'leads', 'again', 'to', 'such', 'data', 'must', 'be', 'axisymmetric', 'and', 'admit', 'a', 'conformal', 'killing', 'field', 'moreover', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'there', 'exists', 'a', '3parameter', 'family', 'of', 'such', 'data']] | [-0.16080852153192443, 0.14988838400776414, -0.1327522473452105, 0.05685931453957561, -0.15759173763746565, -0.21012399503326212, -0.08157904724198901, 0.4215949069369923, -0.18403832194268366, -0.21246859133613974, 0.12951667043208462, -0.256341221742332, -0.1803176082480191, 0.13673621115528725, -0.042304500873962585, 0.05303289707411419, 0.04405807434919883, 0.10656798440455036, -0.09396586953450671, -0.23848840310661631, 0.3861477611247789, -0.031317604991438035, 0.3318038189529695, -0.008897063735110516, 0.19340756847470236, -0.049774262091060256, 0.032443318330809816, 0.11925486049784179, -0.14340982061383495, -0.0038814713691615248, 0.29893360271076247, 0.13967830344865267, 0.1725979688132859, -0.37651149077679624, -0.18733846995482137, 0.20673632871528919, 0.13138519736557183, 0.14784521579382603, -0.13288127441509542, -0.23577298105440356, 0.09997807656922801, -0.14082296586341478, -0.210862291299484, -0.18428443994542415, 0.029250430612592027, -0.0929396935230629, -0.3067276168836873, 0.0583887169433927, 0.1499015740542249, -0.01881229248829186, -0.07108363137707453, 0.013796924323700792, -0.1161769507876174, 0.03307120544327931, 0.1290674323628826, 0.09422476845793426, 0.07362703586378219, -0.0493955312889408, -0.08406957090747627, 0.3530509173274781, -0.07370726755735549, -0.2991390708749267, 0.11095260799100454, -0.12426915356296707, -0.14135440345853567, 0.13919081578602677, 0.07443173047663136, 0.11609324076297609, -0.11959069795821878, 0.2021970384746303, -0.13421752066774803, 0.11750995643722656, 0.13188492792489176, -0.01860026365400038, 0.22961075282232327, 0.039140980669551274, 0.12953644126272676, 0.12239835866123693, 0.01437572825869376, -0.12045228750106286, -0.37738310181620444, -0.13499229970726778, -0.13317779170095242, 0.22011509165696969, -0.1640793532817704, -0.30665523868083255, 0.32931868969039485, 0.05019181557938943, 0.1673894444671036, 0.08503539697796275, 0.14764625988424418, 0.08177005694332448, 0.14889597484249284, 0.1976589101726528, 0.24634797100655056, 0.05528037874451415, 0.0153217730271122, -0.14324767973316324, -0.09523386094422842, -0.0021234542893415146] |
711.4514 | Adaptive optimal allocation in stratified sampling methods | In this paper, we propose a stratified sampling algorithm in which the random
drawings made in the strata to compute the expectation of interest are also
used to adaptively modify the proportion of further drawings in each stratum.
These proportions converge to the optimal allocation in terms of variance
reduction. And our stratified estimator is asymptotically normal with
asymptotic variance equal to the minimal one. Numerical experiments confirm the
efficiency of our algorithm.
| stat.ME stat.CO | in this paper we propose a stratified sampling algorithm in which the random drawings made in the strata to compute the expectation of interest are also used to adaptively modify the proportion of further drawings in each stratum these proportions converge to the optimal allocation in terms of variance reduction and our stratified estimator is asymptotically normal with asymptotic variance equal to the minimal one numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of our algorithm | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'stratified', 'sampling', 'algorithm', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'random', 'drawings', 'made', 'in', 'the', 'strata', 'to', 'compute', 'the', 'expectation', 'of', 'interest', 'are', 'also', 'used', 'to', 'adaptively', 'modify', 'the', 'proportion', 'of', 'further', 'drawings', 'in', 'each', 'stratum', 'these', 'proportions', 'converge', 'to', 'the', 'optimal', 'allocation', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'variance', 'reduction', 'and', 'our', 'stratified', 'estimator', 'is', 'asymptotically', 'normal', 'with', 'asymptotic', 'variance', 'equal', 'to', 'the', 'minimal', 'one', 'numerical', 'experiments', 'confirm', 'the', 'efficiency', 'of', 'our', 'algorithm']] | [-0.07050687167793512, 0.07189205185548492, -0.09604498443563711, 0.047342764800542024, -0.05302395258251935, -0.08817286851611754, 0.09552429587586643, 0.3854827681645649, -0.2497162940506887, -0.29247105490314224, 0.10463428742743468, -0.2520526071423537, -0.16045432184720795, 0.15961336584327973, -0.1699459441644076, 0.08795324892877307, 0.0631249607221721, 0.030438435136353317, -0.016964198396324296, -0.36447751159741454, 0.25188688172525026, 0.08169321185105467, 0.3349545748572644, -0.06234688350088792, 0.08726582785889711, -0.04957646233578251, -0.0308521041544537, 0.052264428085149965, -0.14792972886041827, 0.17249936065700364, 0.2821676570871105, 0.1298421211285542, 0.3123903331563693, -0.3858922517105733, -0.15671355019591443, 0.1719207363777271, 0.18205186273673013, 0.05943321214497651, 0.0019425876177081914, -0.1772493713165391, 0.11505434811370421, -0.13206635021336682, -0.11186373217847861, -0.060705353327299635, -0.07459933616935391, 0.03624965110155817, -0.3192721078338178, 0.02563155583410575, 0.03550688223913312, 0.009371752582796633, -0.03972180156445462, -0.1483465720427363, -0.02038492072909458, 0.11467141135634012, 0.1078500619169312, -0.007374484239509712, 0.07963000217010904, -0.0786631201834048, -0.11881069763649689, 0.32684268223317914, -0.05913078917624199, -0.29233399288703316, 0.12581483540061403, -0.15778080834560607, -0.12490986965673223, 0.14851290162346542, 0.20142336238226663, 0.14964269884951312, -0.0704227545783434, 0.03659333645809467, -0.09090170391822515, 0.09756533030981887, 0.07000178726683434, -0.03348116183730021, 0.1205780450892571, 0.12970108597552124, 0.12324581788980389, 0.18917435933899593, -0.08682392057898926, -0.09143310971558094, -0.31513720985871985, -0.1775829496359682, -0.1790222413072439, -0.01698632666534961, -0.15598959906312976, -0.22389696413421467, 0.41918868076515525, 0.23611155630739994, 0.2092646893802775, 0.13560106253334359, 0.3056618029328242, 0.09910190183580024, -0.00628087679817252, 0.15106961007344805, 0.20031845938950166, 0.11792638506309755, 0.010455906812152634, -0.22948467210317924, 0.1058716092080082, 0.09977890616793135] |
711.4515 | Additional Boundary Condition for a Wire Medium Connected to a Metallic
Surface | In this work, we demonstrate that the interaction of electromagnetic waves
with a microstructured material formed by metallic wires connected to a
metallic surface can be described using homogenization methods provided an
additional boundary condition is considered. The additional boundary condition
is derived by taking into account the specific microstructure of the wire
medium. To illustrate the application of the result, we characterize a
substrate formed by an array of tilted metallic wires connected to a ground
plane, demonstrating that in such configuration the wire medium behaves
essentially as a material with extreme optical anisotropy and that in some
circumstances the substrate can be seen as an impedance surface.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | in this work we demonstrate that the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a microstructured material formed by metallic wires connected to a metallic surface can be described using homogenization methods provided an additional boundary condition is considered the additional boundary condition is derived by taking into account the specific microstructure of the wire medium to illustrate the application of the result we characterize a substrate formed by an array of tilted metallic wires connected to a ground plane demonstrating that in such configuration the wire medium behaves essentially as a material with extreme optical anisotropy and that in some circumstances the substrate can be seen as an impedance surface | [['in', 'this', 'work', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'the', 'interaction', 'of', 'electromagnetic', 'waves', 'with', 'a', 'microstructured', 'material', 'formed', 'by', 'metallic', 'wires', 'connected', 'to', 'a', 'metallic', 'surface', 'can', 'be', 'described', 'using', 'homogenization', 'methods', 'provided', 'an', 'additional', 'boundary', 'condition', 'is', 'considered', 'the', 'additional', 'boundary', 'condition', 'is', 'derived', 'by', 'taking', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'specific', 'microstructure', 'of', 'the', 'wire', 'medium', 'to', 'illustrate', 'the', 'application', 'of', 'the', 'result', 'we', 'characterize', 'a', 'substrate', 'formed', 'by', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'tilted', 'metallic', 'wires', 'connected', 'to', 'a', 'ground', 'plane', 'demonstrating', 'that', 'in', 'such', 'configuration', 'the', 'wire', 'medium', 'behaves', 'essentially', 'as', 'a', 'material', 'with', 'extreme', 'optical', 'anisotropy', 'and', 'that', 'in', 'some', 'circumstances', 'the', 'substrate', 'can', 'be', 'seen', 'as', 'an', 'impedance', 'surface']] | [-0.18339950021958715, 0.15608691058371008, -0.0729166233096135, -0.019591309910922082, -0.058929389622489656, -0.14772076043086724, -0.00045549520718600223, 0.4345936229742995, -0.2767346095327937, -0.28956187856511784, 0.08602507432098735, -0.24765469954101318, -0.1514553612251894, 0.19522224629400384, -0.028744739655473635, -0.002843528108656889, 0.04961437979123529, -0.03993904826000606, -0.05343930432872009, -0.18801869606330068, 0.30844983201764453, 0.02564351548603095, 0.2695618643844073, 0.08345457650891958, 0.071880680312394, -0.004352436144622641, 0.08831144814217172, 0.10990311425187788, -0.12290120986390404, 0.05901081129532615, 0.23382654100701367, -0.03769476961882768, 0.1899777935997267, -0.519394830245217, -0.25845287035330444, 0.011781496687903317, 0.13917916686778223, 0.10883397228776588, -0.05428966133504969, -0.3126504031958383, 0.05043722849356335, -0.13075779035789978, -0.20363416265986792, -0.0020495352053314176, -0.047474197526419654, 0.017071701710138026, -0.2490239453869402, -0.0016619734393449825, 0.10440022442831633, 0.02894020185874211, -0.09892284831912214, -0.06448130227129804, -0.06523760191139279, 0.07844519832197132, 0.020980638759467034, 0.024233194268863955, 0.17590454206887393, -0.1190256013774202, -0.02305411004008503, 0.37222325865931194, -0.0815952014468542, -0.17495871388669545, 0.1720285118042722, -0.1292406338290525, 0.0023631640675759644, 0.15004429816687054, 0.13940972077805514, 0.05278168333301304, -0.17717911876362125, 0.044729239229978505, -0.05109865340370035, 0.15295096676916295, 0.08213476493202765, 0.013694314367283102, 0.2231114704285774, 0.21773065981634576, 0.04292829004394044, 0.22059601463736334, -0.06395780559577936, 0.02287390047615958, -0.28819603809377675, -0.19174207158284176, -0.2506964966545838, 0.05782013855994158, -0.08231638361344225, -0.2201037218349926, 0.34565115274024116, 0.10376248787888305, 0.19540417922336026, -0.07349280418439366, 0.28318784298768285, 0.10806187678239557, 0.07251729616263045, 0.0376929738633591, 0.2616165601015582, 0.1815776006604861, 0.05932965297294661, -0.1937928241528058, 0.05809840728921833, 0.011178190700299696] |
711.4516 | Fluoroscopy-based navigation system in spine surgery | The variability in width, height, and spatial orientation of a spinal pedicle
makes pedicle screw insertion a delicate operation. The aim of the current
paper is to describe a computer-assisted surgical navigation system based on
fluoroscopic X-ray image calibration and three-dimensional optical localizers
in order to reduce radiation exposure while increasing accuracy and reliability
of the surgical procedure for pedicle screw insertion. Instrumentation using
transpedicular screw fixation was performed: in a first group, a conventional
surgical procedure was carried out with 26 patients (138 screws); in a second
group, a navigated surgical procedure (virtual fluoroscopy) was performed with
26 patients (140 screws). Evaluation of screw placement in every case was done
by using plain X-rays and post-operative computer tomography scan. A 5 per cent
cortex penetration (7 of 140 pedicle screws) occurred for the computer-assisted
group. A 13 per cent penetration (18 of 138 pedicle screws) occurred for the
non computer-assisted group. The radiation running time for each vertebra level
(two screws) reached 3.5 s on average in the computer-assisted group and 11.5 s
on average in the non computer-assisted group. The operative time for two
screws on the same vertebra level reaches 10 min on average in the non
computer-assisted group and 11.9 min on average in the computer-assisted group.
The fluoroscopy-based (two-dimensional) navigation system for pedicle screw
insertion is a safe and reliable procedure for surgery in the lower thoracic
and lumbar spine.
| cs.OH | the variability in width height and spatial orientation of a spinal pedicle makes pedicle screw insertion a delicate operation the aim of the current paper is to describe a computerassisted surgical navigation system based on fluoroscopic xray image calibration and threedimensional optical localizers in order to reduce radiation exposure while increasing accuracy and reliability of the surgical procedure for pedicle screw insertion instrumentation using transpedicular screw fixation was performed in a first group a conventional surgical procedure was carried out with 26 patients 138 screws in a second group a navigated surgical procedure virtual fluoroscopy was performed with 26 patients 140 screws evaluation of screw placement in every case was done by using plain xrays and postoperative computer tomography scan a 5 per cent cortex penetration 7 of 140 pedicle screws occurred for the computerassisted group a 13 per cent penetration 18 of 138 pedicle screws occurred for the non computerassisted group the radiation running time for each vertebra level two screws reached 35 s on average in the computerassisted group and 115 s on average in the non computerassisted group the operative time for two screws on the same vertebra level reaches 10 min on average in the non computerassisted group and 119 min on average in the computerassisted group the fluoroscopybased twodimensional navigation system for pedicle screw insertion is a safe and reliable procedure for surgery in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine | [['the', 'variability', 'in', 'width', 'height', 'and', 'spatial', 'orientation', 'of', 'a', 'spinal', 'pedicle', 'makes', 'pedicle', 'screw', 'insertion', 'a', 'delicate', 'operation', 'the', 'aim', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'paper', 'is', 'to', 'describe', 'a', 'computerassisted', 'surgical', 'navigation', 'system', 'based', 'on', 'fluoroscopic', 'xray', 'image', 'calibration', 'and', 'threedimensional', 'optical', 'localizers', 'in', 'order', 'to', 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711.4517 | Flavor Ratios of Astrophysical Neutrinos: Implications for Precision
Measurements | We discuss flavor-mixing probabilities and flavor ratios of high energy
astrophysical neutrinos. In the first part of this paper, we expand the
neutrino flavor-fluxes in terms of the small parameters U_{e3} and pi/4 -
theta_{23}, and show that there are universal first and second order
corrections. The second order term can exceed the first order term, and so
should be included in any analytic study. We also investigate the probabilities
and ratios after a further expansion around the tribimaximal value of sin^2
theta_{12} = 1/3. In the second part of the paper, we discuss implications of
deviations of initial flavor ratios from the usually assumed, idealized flavor
compositions for pion, muon-damped, and neutron beam sources, viz., (1 : 2 :
0), (0 : 1 : 0), and (1 : 0 : 0), respectively. We show that even small
deviations have significant consequences for the observed flavor ratios at
Earth. If initial flavor deviations are not taken into account in analyses,
then false inferences for the values in the PMNS matrix elements (angles and
phase) may result.
| hep-ph astro-ph hep-ex | we discuss flavormixing probabilities and flavor ratios of high energy astrophysical neutrinos in the first part of this paper we expand the neutrino flavorfluxes in terms of the small parameters u_e3 and pi4 theta_23 and show that there are universal first and second order corrections the second order term can exceed the first order term and so should be included in any analytic study we also investigate the probabilities and ratios after a further expansion around the tribimaximal value of sin2 theta_12 13 in the second part of the paper we discuss implications of deviations of initial flavor ratios from the usually assumed idealized flavor compositions for pion muondamped and neutron beam sources viz 1 2 0 0 1 0 and 1 0 0 respectively we show that even small deviations have significant consequences for the observed flavor ratios at earth if initial flavor deviations are not taken into account in analyses then false inferences for the values in the pmns matrix elements angles and phase may result | [['we', 'discuss', 'flavormixing', 'probabilities', 'and', 'flavor', 'ratios', 'of', 'high', 'energy', 'astrophysical', 'neutrinos', 'in', 'the', 'first', 'part', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'expand', 'the', 'neutrino', 'flavorfluxes', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'small', 'parameters', 'u_e3', 'and', 'pi4', 'theta_23', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'universal', 'first', 'and', 'second', 'order', 'corrections', 'the', 'second', 'order', 'term', 'can', 'exceed', 'the', 'first', 'order', 'term', 'and', 'so', 'should', 'be', 'included', 'in', 'any', 'analytic', 'study', 'we', 'also', 'investigate', 'the', 'probabilities', 'and', 'ratios', 'after', 'a', 'further', 'expansion', 'around', 'the', 'tribimaximal', 'value', 'of', 'sin2', 'theta_12', '13', 'in', 'the', 'second', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'paper', 'we', 'discuss', 'implications', 'of', 'deviations', 'of', 'initial', 'flavor', 'ratios', 'from', 'the', 'usually', 'assumed', 'idealized', 'flavor', 'compositions', 'for', 'pion', 'muondamped', 'and', 'neutron', 'beam', 'sources', 'viz', '1', '2', '0', '0', '1', '0', 'and', '1', '0', '0', 'respectively', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'even', 'small', 'deviations', 'have', 'significant', 'consequences', 'for', 'the', 'observed', 'flavor', 'ratios', 'at', 'earth', 'if', 'initial', 'flavor', 'deviations', 'are', 'not', 'taken', 'into', 'account', 'in', 'analyses', 'then', 'false', 'inferences', 'for', 'the', 'values', 'in', 'the', 'pmns', 'matrix', 'elements', 'angles', 'and', 'phase', 'may', 'result']] | [-0.11373592606148944, 0.23065494629415031, 0.0019164678702008225, 0.13246251302729445, -0.009024345074797015, -0.09910495230414999, 0.09232482583050108, 0.32556478205711364, -0.2268000392042502, -0.2845872082764249, 0.09501070431489386, -0.2907336559704321, -0.07542389007229469, 0.12998101315990893, 0.00913842297912001, 0.023273874603404975, 0.06008269898467948, 0.003685488242901371, -0.14076193807016457, -0.18360547580641923, 0.3201849173341772, 0.02245251521535084, 0.16785886962368282, 0.0694436636658575, 0.05618798369848487, -0.0772051780350774, -0.0235034758336619, -0.032085344223249816, -0.15784973425354634, -0.0067766986238006165, 0.21129884262510693, 0.104813397789519, 0.15099722063893864, -0.3762855233992645, -0.13111419271410046, 0.17898616142721546, 0.14328371152326375, 0.10460111138990852, -0.024154644074688057, -0.26070040747980605, 0.12543428802171241, -0.20113251051129383, -0.1543822444133282, -0.057992199743947315, 0.026169025620813677, -0.01056601291154316, -0.3427165000076255, 0.09734413020914381, 0.030368544141800995, 0.012263697873198701, -0.041204841453358974, -0.26880876595310554, 0.007101931151917238, 0.12396663627280535, 0.1566651916064456, -0.01403778930010642, 0.08219303072201545, -0.13701329353365846, -0.07344177080608325, 0.44399917781531456, -0.0688463758048462, -0.1614617583088153, 0.06786751310887584, -0.2620440858477604, -0.1857636021422278, 0.10578358129453204, 0.1634924549338949, 0.07852874319264275, -0.10576180056362094, 0.0989828503291223, -0.015114550418806022, 0.19491293841225657, 0.10808201439394254, 0.00942405793414323, 0.22509592828971003, 0.10860801286560422, 0.04081066779117518, 0.016791287627667857, -0.13091296840927558, -0.035845430188639435, -0.3869370132444906, -0.116279786274194, -0.1077337901130274, 0.08929607081570325, -0.13446701633314181, -0.07207302157495249, 0.3811927120742237, 0.17893323516765955, 0.21103262928632383, 0.057853221494570645, 0.26677635354185086, 0.10510361308376946, 0.02211291609822722, 0.05129476410370253, 0.3005575815238014, 0.10518872277242337, 0.11796773564416224, -0.20037563215480408, 0.08099186847901005, 0.047708219943378496] |
711.4518 | Energy Dependence of Air Fluorescence Yield measured by AIRFLY | In the fluorescence detection of ultra high energy (> 10**18 eV) cosmic rays,
the number of emitted fluorescence photons is assumed to be proportional to the
energy deposited in air by shower particles. We have performed measurements of
the fluorescence yield in atmospheric gases excited by electrons over energies
ranging from keV to hundreds of MeV in several accelerators. We found that
within the measured energy ranges the proportionality holds at the level of few
%.
| astro-ph | in the fluorescence detection of ultra high energy 1018 ev cosmic rays the number of emitted fluorescence photons is assumed to be proportional to the energy deposited in air by shower particles we have performed measurements of the fluorescence yield in atmospheric gases excited by electrons over energies ranging from kev to hundreds of mev in several accelerators we found that within the measured energy ranges the proportionality holds at the level of few | [['in', 'the', 'fluorescence', 'detection', 'of', 'ultra', 'high', 'energy', '1018', 'ev', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'emitted', 'fluorescence', 'photons', 'is', 'assumed', 'to', 'be', 'proportional', 'to', 'the', 'energy', 'deposited', 'in', 'air', 'by', 'shower', 'particles', 'we', 'have', 'performed', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'fluorescence', 'yield', 'in', 'atmospheric', 'gases', 'excited', 'by', 'electrons', 'over', 'energies', 'ranging', 'from', 'kev', 'to', 'hundreds', 'of', 'mev', 'in', 'several', 'accelerators', 'we', 'found', 'that', 'within', 'the', 'measured', 'energy', 'ranges', 'the', 'proportionality', 'holds', 'at', 'the', 'level', 'of', 'few']] | [-0.049645768088364114, 0.3123362254905137, 0.003972461522632354, 0.0727518951466049, 0.09695865247340407, -0.04234635948228675, 0.0032073507160955183, 0.420058330778989, -0.22205033903387753, -0.46008578768453084, -0.038710555886044294, -0.38210315783382265, 0.1117947861627751, 0.2406101879047079, 0.06199606324583795, 0.03223216171829483, 0.06645482058032744, 0.0028424938209354877, -0.012270474161424145, -0.15306552026949422, 0.20736987087435113, 0.20170014782028423, 0.25936296475875015, 0.1696624016248451, 0.13701217859429685, -0.04046403623903422, 0.022821886716662226, -0.06575021215689343, -0.11938368431278709, 0.09742390176020185, 0.28454976357720996, 0.04873864587028259, 0.2006255138816463, -0.45558848347816916, -0.22943779488559812, 0.14169736121579804, 0.1339928073103766, 0.008972326444612967, -0.05433481400580825, -0.24640066247131373, 0.048430070079661706, -0.15106649757237048, -0.12501765079041188, 0.0593854153428126, -0.07624862876695555, 0.06402123120386859, -0.1758981670404004, 0.09841419409054357, -0.08031414343497238, 0.04198513450604435, -0.0982948030924072, -0.1170473219700963, 0.008026986754172155, 0.04083967865193011, 0.09813544796968533, 0.00050446177349816, 0.2381215145735926, -0.10449284612125642, -0.06621432131961794, 0.4045935854617808, -0.11016305539492718, -0.06154342388381829, 0.17137585787851414, -0.2228546350489597, -0.0910962794190021, 0.3257227416175443, 0.15877514488592342, 0.09614144210275766, -0.15811323012049133, 0.04410661600932882, 0.028376261239581917, 0.21272918493864504, 0.13956603416984245, 0.07132711886377954, 0.21926956933394476, 0.1531203962167146, 0.04043130921766262, 0.0721779447646711, -0.20342614589812788, 0.0396852951553474, -0.2479900222875782, -0.10739102577035492, -0.22378009811949892, 0.12098417340510767, -0.02516444871906896, -0.0882405134899592, 0.4133390051413428, 0.14163012218007162, 0.1760696521865808, -0.026420016747874184, 0.2881975073266674, 0.10060100754364268, 0.06167684160361721, 0.04989477377259047, 0.35875931452028453, 0.14228610374738235, 0.10031628668327136, -0.1835313658513179, -0.0037002149415580003, -0.023211230624567817] |
711.4519 | Optimal transportation on non-compact manifolds | In this work, we show how to obtain for non-compact manifolds the results
that have already been done for Monge Transport Problem for costs coming from
Tonelli Lagrangians on compact manifolds. In particular, the already known
results for a cost of the type $d^r,r>1$, where $d$ is the Riemannian distance
of a complete Riemannian manifold, hold without any curvature restriction.
| math.OC math.DG | in this work we show how to obtain for noncompact manifolds the results that have already been done for monge transport problem for costs coming from tonelli lagrangians on compact manifolds in particular the already known results for a cost of the type drr1 where d is the riemannian distance of a complete riemannian manifold hold without any curvature restriction | [['in', 'this', 'work', 'we', 'show', 'how', 'to', 'obtain', 'for', 'noncompact', 'manifolds', 'the', 'results', 'that', 'have', 'already', 'been', 'done', 'for', 'monge', 'transport', 'problem', 'for', 'costs', 'coming', 'from', 'tonelli', 'lagrangians', 'on', 'compact', 'manifolds', 'in', 'particular', 'the', 'already', 'known', 'results', 'for', 'a', 'cost', 'of', 'the', 'type', 'drr1', 'where', 'd', 'is', 'the', 'riemannian', 'distance', 'of', 'a', 'complete', 'riemannian', 'manifold', 'hold', 'without', 'any', 'curvature', 'restriction']] | [-0.12884760916543503, 0.04078981994340817, -0.06557603996867935, 0.08739506372561058, -0.12541684155197194, -0.15188093460164964, -0.009387462104981145, 0.37427620956053337, -0.21686200896122804, -0.25426491065882145, 0.14674931861227378, -0.2661294758319855, -0.1416072041184331, 0.235045982846835, -0.147553553370138, 0.04910565760025444, 0.1222910085770612, 0.10378006733953953, -0.109502170693789, -0.27920656266699856, 0.47361800008802674, -0.021560819602260986, 0.18689678402928014, 0.11655540775197247, 0.10127045388023058, -0.029471594529847305, 0.034911915908257166, 0.07281261722867688, -0.16872856014779244, 0.113699379254831, 0.2516639452117185, 0.07450683109030555, 0.19932989520020783, -0.4378521822703381, -0.28343945279096566, 0.17789277003030293, 0.0867920864528666, 0.08500988787660996, -0.06881033859875364, -0.2823617515154183, 0.08202319915484016, -0.08094303046042721, -0.17973920096022386, -0.06789508749498055, 0.040707128564827146, -0.03636404293744514, -0.2366615856376787, 0.014616725764547785, 0.1195492735132575, 0.045723651675507425, -0.08722297135585298, -0.13478761590085925, -0.03622038117609918, 0.12518083221899967, 0.02599087495279188, 0.0886276880123963, 0.05107795953905831, -0.04425091879675165, -0.1428911281671996, 0.3620033781975508, -0.07914638221263885, -0.3135150650826593, 0.1099894068252373, -0.12164704487659037, -0.2318837741933142, 0.11198496281479796, 0.1885226985439658, 0.19468497469400367, -0.1493357564477871, 0.19415926262736322, -0.052596682744721575, 0.05840817647210012, 0.07664071017255386, 0.010888675292759824, 0.06970574832521378, 0.13296044958988204, 0.18524766134796664, 0.09611549781014522, -0.000198541849385947, -0.0788752394883583, -0.31798991601293286, -0.19420305568103988, -0.19910082851226132, 0.18122773518164953, -0.09776682110192875, -0.12146500698290766, 0.31930477583470446, 0.0371123253290231, 0.19872767541188902, 0.1750036995469903, 0.23281803453962008, 0.029731980133025596, 0.05413486088315646, 0.12663770723932732, 0.25296260000516974, 0.1404896119919916, 0.08377212539780884, -0.13260635051022593, -0.030624158307909967, 0.10503937813142936] |
711.452 | Non-local density correlations as signal of Hawking radiation in BEC
acoustic black holes | We have used the analogy between gravitational systems and non-homogeneous
fluid flows to calculate the density-density correlation function of an atomic
Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an acoustic black hole. The
emission of correlated pairs of phonons by Hawking-like process results into a
peculiar long-range density correlation. Quantitative estimations of the effect
are provided for realistic experimental configurations.
| cond-mat.other gr-qc hep-th | we have used the analogy between gravitational systems and nonhomogeneous fluid flows to calculate the densitydensity correlation function of an atomic boseeinstein condensate in the presence of an acoustic black hole the emission of correlated pairs of phonons by hawkinglike process results into a peculiar longrange density correlation quantitative estimations of the effect are provided for realistic experimental configurations | [['we', 'have', 'used', 'the', 'analogy', 'between', 'gravitational', 'systems', 'and', 'nonhomogeneous', 'fluid', 'flows', 'to', 'calculate', 'the', 'densitydensity', 'correlation', 'function', 'of', 'an', 'atomic', 'boseeinstein', 'condensate', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'an', 'acoustic', 'black', 'hole', 'the', 'emission', 'of', 'correlated', 'pairs', 'of', 'phonons', 'by', 'hawkinglike', 'process', 'results', 'into', 'a', 'peculiar', 'longrange', 'density', 'correlation', 'quantitative', 'estimations', 'of', 'the', 'effect', 'are', 'provided', 'for', 'realistic', 'experimental', 'configurations']] | [-0.16142210739238536, 0.17339971719627364, -0.08765181815014932, 0.1363972960311835, 0.0004849373688526704, -0.07774892944242742, -0.030470832097107322, 0.35369280179552104, -0.2048195956148586, -0.2537203030502897, -0.03689978372944929, -0.3738189935052799, -0.099587260161416, 0.18676674107910465, 0.095087440408198, 0.06622825552298987, -0.00979854294367261, -0.044152743561919464, -0.08531622640725414, -0.19409061068574252, 0.37324126304711325, 0.08255994900808496, 0.3076570328893298, 0.08458896074444056, 0.07088170346598756, 0.03967603240004283, -0.006941944542262009, 0.03889396292812554, -0.16359533502136248, 0.058814345180230626, 0.17411270180432978, 0.023373966784042827, 0.20843831525515702, -0.4584345631301403, -0.2663537107281766, 0.0708998394972187, 0.16601436752016988, 0.16472953583224345, -0.08275438935132855, -0.3296394533935492, -0.018763203636577384, -0.2096186718919267, -0.1269948484170866, -0.07692729757498887, 0.07321602003491026, 0.0538757034908917, -0.27722789454510655, 0.18456002526869209, 0.04975262975470179, 0.030228554665789765, -0.1281313579490061, -0.019595089100174986, -0.022291179663517464, 0.11141909381879841, 0.039461356334652656, 0.024807915292774974, 0.15122288939842987, -0.1493278408296785, -0.09489497343291355, 0.36131098759123836, -0.12227464874543376, -0.17462337282249482, 0.19031732845104346, -0.16231638928717476, -0.0421563079501739, 0.1512102136483132, 0.19085172419751978, 0.08755521498367948, -0.1584034478134018, -0.01951360402695866, -0.019790847937702753, 0.16999769241004486, 0.043327908267926075, 0.08392617642342792, 0.34407172667778146, 0.1303974960504447, -0.018102219576900034, 0.19340245009368381, -0.09721304590925298, -0.07870703156627083, -0.28370562823236745, -0.12065655237726741, -0.21570971936492597, 0.02468598005361855, -0.1034809145047941, -0.18938990581338688, 0.3361946423143401, 0.1417449806428167, 0.18803179721837326, -0.018503815129052026, 0.2501452576558469, 0.13231764151517428, 0.008223284414764179, 0.001989663949520406, 0.29037711829325913, 0.18632043930859762, 0.09723885510495658, -0.30465878801957025, 0.011464096061190811, 0.03963731842162877] |
711.4521 | Consideration of the relationship between Kepler and cyclotron dynamics
leading to prediction of a non-MHD gravity-driven Hamiltonian dynamo | Conservation of canonical angular momentum shows that charged particles are
typically constrained to stay within a poloidal Larmor radius of a poloidal
magnetic flux surface. However, more detailed consideration shows that
particles with a critical charge to mass ratio can have zero canonical angular
momentum and so be both immune from centrifugal force and not constrained to
stay in the vicinity of a specific flux surface. Suitably charged dust grains
can have zero canonical angular momentum and in the presence of a gravitational
field will spiral inwards across poloidal magnetic surfaces toward the central
object and accumulate. This accumulation results in a gravitationally-driven
dynamo, i.e., a mechanism for converting gravitational potential energy into a
battery-like electric power source.
| astro-ph | conservation of canonical angular momentum shows that charged particles are typically constrained to stay within a poloidal larmor radius of a poloidal magnetic flux surface however more detailed consideration shows that particles with a critical charge to mass ratio can have zero canonical angular momentum and so be both immune from centrifugal force and not constrained to stay in the vicinity of a specific flux surface suitably charged dust grains can have zero canonical angular momentum and in the presence of a gravitational field will spiral inwards across poloidal magnetic surfaces toward the central object and accumulate this accumulation results in a gravitationallydriven dynamo ie a mechanism for converting gravitational potential energy into a batterylike electric power source | [['conservation', 'of', 'canonical', 'angular', 'momentum', 'shows', 'that', 'charged', 'particles', 'are', 'typically', 'constrained', 'to', 'stay', 'within', 'a', 'poloidal', 'larmor', 'radius', 'of', 'a', 'poloidal', 'magnetic', 'flux', 'surface', 'however', 'more', 'detailed', 'consideration', 'shows', 'that', 'particles', 'with', 'a', 'critical', 'charge', 'to', 'mass', 'ratio', 'can', 'have', 'zero', 'canonical', 'angular', 'momentum', 'and', 'so', 'be', 'both', 'immune', 'from', 'centrifugal', 'force', 'and', 'not', 'constrained', 'to', 'stay', 'in', 'the', 'vicinity', 'of', 'a', 'specific', 'flux', 'surface', 'suitably', 'charged', 'dust', 'grains', 'can', 'have', 'zero', 'canonical', 'angular', 'momentum', 'and', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'a', 'gravitational', 'field', 'will', 'spiral', 'inwards', 'across', 'poloidal', 'magnetic', 'surfaces', 'toward', 'the', 'central', 'object', 'and', 'accumulate', 'this', 'accumulation', 'results', 'in', 'a', 'gravitationallydriven', 'dynamo', 'ie', 'a', 'mechanism', 'for', 'converting', 'gravitational', 'potential', 'energy', 'into', 'a', 'batterylike', 'electric', 'power', 'source']] | [-0.16743697450886938, 0.22889329326118074, -0.08150547562498536, 0.07228082424361196, -0.07278846117857275, -0.10794706814685616, -0.015707887606537442, 0.3463041066365727, -0.22481579054147005, -0.32976304306411897, -0.013869257623100874, -0.23805488534523292, 0.004689336016426905, 0.1837198680614011, -0.03328399335811609, -0.013035240093782798, 0.028357571945920333, 0.007718508621141062, -0.060518643839513664, -0.1250933756976846, 0.3081528113965513, 0.10794421246322661, 0.21646972530584593, 0.07611578618229556, 0.08467123895031163, -0.0536084848207469, 0.01734347543205624, 0.08139027829550333, -0.09285913668713489, 0.021160272246037247, 0.16571540609633517, 0.0035602987380856173, 0.23919327259931902, -0.4670903302602849, -0.2130666074137819, 0.10830403355707935, 0.19440750616318467, 0.1241374027133935, -0.08430407062960667, -0.19791439140089234, 0.05908959281349148, -0.15447767803709858, -0.17086032339592733, -0.04934767253649563, 0.0724074219647495, 0.06961877244205009, -0.27997872855719497, 0.12622959088628827, 0.0813490186060258, 0.04422851561734421, -0.14149655165324398, -0.10211777267977595, -0.14814889995712724, 0.05192247197284537, 0.11640185653922637, 0.11390794793506927, 0.2895794278602668, -0.13262245777039394, -0.020604086824755927, 0.34835907834250546, -0.04871180878312848, -0.23155946540251626, 0.13184546065808794, -0.2282062109315105, -0.0639504232933208, 0.2268599044941997, 0.18760579115300738, 0.11052868224412077, -0.1461403405064938, 0.0382762042099168, -0.007027515852468688, 0.14103164244443178, 0.08645567832854024, 0.01973158185828035, 0.42417770886193895, 0.11061959632404023, 0.080690375604209, 0.09567095312167559, -0.1758879827477543, -0.11007367496741778, -0.26627641670816277, -0.1539482271646039, -0.1653935539534205, 0.11125996641992784, -0.07690113510934525, -0.15993810357068175, 0.33534081857572545, 0.09361498005960978, 0.18339101312745174, 0.014089046345808607, 0.3394948226415505, 0.08955289930760292, 0.12107833894364284, 0.14003900529311622, 0.3065136044140179, 0.17296273734763865, 0.16850358607855198, -0.269213955819812, -0.02861976843343069, 0.022496931551821468] |
711.4522 | Estimating Consequences of 3-Body Forces | Classifying the strengthes of three-body forces 3BFs with the condition that
observables must be cut-off independent, i.e. renormalised at each order, leads
to surprising results with relevance for example for thermal neutron capture on
the deuteron. Details and a better bibliography in Ref. [1].
| nucl-th | classifying the strengthes of threebody forces 3bfs with the condition that observables must be cutoff independent ie renormalised at each order leads to surprising results with relevance for example for thermal neutron capture on the deuteron details and a better bibliography in ref 1 | [['classifying', 'the', 'strengthes', 'of', 'threebody', 'forces', '3bfs', 'with', 'the', 'condition', 'that', 'observables', 'must', 'be', 'cutoff', 'independent', 'ie', 'renormalised', 'at', 'each', 'order', 'leads', 'to', 'surprising', 'results', 'with', 'relevance', 'for', 'example', 'for', 'thermal', 'neutron', 'capture', 'on', 'the', 'deuteron', 'details', 'and', 'a', 'better', 'bibliography', 'in', 'ref', '1']] | [-0.04746865610007283, 0.17630860541925528, -0.08182356178457308, 0.08204643025474492, -0.07909926009732623, -0.14054333638849256, 0.015529274910710059, 0.3286788065073102, -0.16807143901323163, -0.3103628174380161, 0.0161482178102529, -0.3020607742026102, -0.041874989563989086, 0.18278736161977746, -0.0023972211638465524, 0.03578915104789789, 0.08470996953330415, 0.10918014990382416, -0.0775807274797888, -0.2307852713938066, 0.3709938549544922, 0.1162424455071951, 0.18140715655199316, 0.13613011715067333, 0.06456160261620615, 0.028247741451703532, 0.0008322020483658065, 0.01491674694210984, -0.13988525176310485, 0.04648070323259332, 0.27319953369713107, 0.0036332455724626673, 0.19974183540271465, -0.41254183814622636, -0.1750630182538961, 0.09528035661313942, 0.1027575733335039, 0.12073582605740359, 0.01374202707598289, -0.2765288484326109, 0.07760369792840509, -0.1792608818559106, -0.14280864687333272, -0.15386093894106356, 0.07168309022347595, 0.03671267319143311, -0.32334908843040466, 0.08161167410570522, 0.07256320946265099, 0.0030234154573706693, -0.09670953920414281, -0.17117871749106534, 0.02723411339616706, 0.12447046221038977, 0.07406425447917955, 0.06042349270306701, 0.14523734505353278, -0.1233200832963163, -0.10198599191079306, 0.4125650329298751, 0.002495428273822506, -0.20341033748416013, 0.16344270545469466, -0.1591921731136566, -0.14856431039786616, 0.11647234808350372, 0.11849330718694039, 0.05890258472022969, -0.14736643323111673, 0.04803387392014482, -0.003417101515413717, 0.2131241511845918, 0.11057490721171678, 0.04840815895735178, 0.18711375806827185, 0.16150221865364286, 0.018566953354016986, 0.08140384756992462, -0.053059828386447114, -0.07273496910496506, -0.3752400459570074, -0.08182489534103593, -0.14858819834541442, 0.047722129367811734, -0.10609825515306046, -0.09215518151177093, 0.36635510099315366, 0.1423639697997376, 0.19786934182047844, 0.015349944847700902, 0.27171536015216696, 0.11815208863726882, 0.061560599609862925, 0.04393661232884475, 0.24418954401775156, 0.11958735849881588, 0.08437440805353744, -0.22693346870716574, 0.062149274476998764, 0.08349564601125758] |
711.4523 | Robot-based tele-echography: clinical evaluation of the TER system in
abdominal aortic exploration | OBJECTIVE: The TER system is a robot-based tele-echography system allowing
remote ultrasound examination. The specialist moves a mock-up of the ultrasound
probe at the master site, and the robot reproduces the movements of the real
probe, which sends back ultrasound images and force feedback. This tool could
be used to perform ultrasound examinations in small health care centers or from
isolated sites. The objective of this study was to prove, under real
conditions, the feasibility and reliability of the TER system in detecting
abdominal aortic and iliac aneurysms. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients were
included in 2 centers in Brest and Grenoble, France. The remote examination was
compared with the reference standard, the bedside examination, for aorta and
iliac artery diameter measurement, detection and description of aneurysms,
detection of atheromatosis, the duration of the examination, and acceptability.
RESULTS: All aneurysms (8) were detected by both techniques as intramural
thrombosis and extension to the iliac arteries. The interobserver correlation
coefficient was 0.982 (P < .0001) for aortic diameters. The rate of concordance
between 2 operators in evaluating atheromatosis was 84% +/- 11% (95% confidence
interval). CONCLUSIONS: Our study on 58 patients suggests that the TER system
could be a reliable, acceptable, and effective robot-based system for
performing remote abdominal aortic ultrasound examinations. Research is
continuing to improve the equipment for general abdominal use.
| cs.OH | objective the ter system is a robotbased teleechography system allowing remote ultrasound examination the specialist moves a mockup of the ultrasound probe at the master site and the robot reproduces the movements of the real probe which sends back ultrasound images and force feedback this tool could be used to perform ultrasound examinations in small health care centers or from isolated sites the objective of this study was to prove under real conditions the feasibility and reliability of the ter system in detecting abdominal aortic and iliac aneurysms methods fiftyeight patients were included in 2 centers in brest and grenoble france the remote examination was compared with the reference standard the bedside examination for aorta and iliac artery diameter measurement detection and description of aneurysms detection of atheromatosis the duration of the examination and acceptability results all aneurysms 8 were detected by both techniques as intramural thrombosis and extension to the iliac arteries the interobserver correlation coefficient was 0982 p 0001 for aortic diameters the rate of concordance between 2 operators in evaluating atheromatosis was 84 11 95 confidence interval conclusions our study on 58 patients suggests that the ter system could be a reliable acceptable and effective robotbased system for performing remote abdominal aortic ultrasound examinations research is continuing to improve the equipment for general abdominal use | [['objective', 'the', 'ter', 'system', 'is', 'a', 'robotbased', 'teleechography', 'system', 'allowing', 'remote', 'ultrasound', 'examination', 'the', 'specialist', 'moves', 'a', 'mockup', 'of', 'the', 'ultrasound', 'probe', 'at', 'the', 'master', 'site', 'and', 'the', 'robot', 'reproduces', 'the', 'movements', 'of', 'the', 'real', 'probe', 'which', 'sends', 'back', 'ultrasound', 'images', 'and', 'force', 'feedback', 'this', 'tool', 'could', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'perform', 'ultrasound', 'examinations', 'in', 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711.4524 | $T_c$ Dependence of Energy Gap and Asymmetry of Coherence Peaks in
NdBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ | We report here the results of scanning tunneling spectroscopic experiments
performed on hole doped NdBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ single crystals of $T_c$
values of 76 K, 93.5 K and 95.5 K. The energy gaps are observed to be
increasing with decreasing $T_c$ values. The coherence peaks are asymmetric
with the peaks at the filled states being larger than those at the empty ones.
The asymmetry increases with decreasing $T_c$. The observed asymmetry and its
$T_c$ dependence can be explained by considering the Mott insulating nature of
the material at the undoped state.
| cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el | we report here the results of scanning tunneling spectroscopic experiments performed on hole doped ndba_2cu_3o_7delta single crystals of t_c values of 76 k 935 k and 955 k the energy gaps are observed to be increasing with decreasing t_c values the coherence peaks are asymmetric with the peaks at the filled states being larger than those at the empty ones the asymmetry increases with decreasing t_c the observed asymmetry and its t_c dependence can be explained by considering the mott insulating nature of the material at the undoped state | [['we', 'report', 'here', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'scanning', 'tunneling', 'spectroscopic', 'experiments', 'performed', 'on', 'hole', 'doped', 'ndba_2cu_3o_7delta', 'single', 'crystals', 'of', 't_c', 'values', 'of', '76', 'k', '935', 'k', 'and', '955', 'k', 'the', 'energy', 'gaps', 'are', 'observed', 'to', 'be', 'increasing', 'with', 'decreasing', 't_c', 'values', 'the', 'coherence', 'peaks', 'are', 'asymmetric', 'with', 'the', 'peaks', 'at', 'the', 'filled', 'states', 'being', 'larger', 'than', 'those', 'at', 'the', 'empty', 'ones', 'the', 'asymmetry', 'increases', 'with', 'decreasing', 't_c', 'the', 'observed', 'asymmetry', 'and', 'its', 't_c', 'dependence', 'can', 'be', 'explained', 'by', 'considering', 'the', 'mott', 'insulating', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'material', 'at', 'the', 'undoped', 'state']] | [-0.14285558050985195, 0.2625572374460965, -0.02818056182480756, -0.007206520764157176, 0.002327148596205833, -0.16976776489966802, 0.13614885415881872, 0.390767078994858, -0.2205615767108446, -0.35011128814023157, 0.014168527395337482, -0.44999066300012847, 0.012816330259242519, 0.1388234657246027, 0.0780226561844095, -0.007803019422267839, -0.027337010433918542, 0.0028536416251551022, -0.14575748823964121, -0.26036329950015485, 0.2595350129334044, 0.0666667614290914, 0.29714563879216177, 0.08764776109918868, -0.0037840095941316, -0.06629524049003521, 0.11286700730124721, 0.04592226590135728, -0.17059266581732532, 0.003598167941328773, 0.27911424544502306, -0.07001249488464302, 0.18973360296381128, -0.37125019084619865, -0.1970242993186482, 0.03372767725324428, 0.1291670654754853, 0.07428552180697973, -0.03351318692941938, -0.3075222276489843, 0.0777644795386798, -0.09109197385524484, -0.13181859789686065, -0.03032034908590669, -0.013425852986983955, -0.028945544771638444, -0.2226060336371037, 0.17587528138789243, 0.010922300531423058, 0.09249688449067021, -0.11312021648601248, -0.20095972801474007, -0.09003220564177768, 0.01023171732032841, 0.04114631926826074, 0.057039981004147026, 0.18410287622298876, -0.08444908293048767, -0.07950436118566855, 0.30751788311383943, -0.08352749005032158, -0.0019498213183727455, 0.12789592119357127, -0.24652580443282865, -0.017498383183754577, 0.23115762227363038, 0.06005711591569707, 0.11093168704643507, -0.039577887086621064, 0.032101964121631514, -0.011831766068512066, 0.19603114326045298, 0.08719759051084773, 0.1095308974459344, 0.2689176973971454, 0.18733145666986026, -0.01907243734140965, 0.13852354285931637, -0.14485737480572425, -0.022675315383821726, -0.22755655097055502, -0.11801151836301539, -0.21141253701749851, 0.03219004960688339, -0.07084992545920117, -0.08607065954790662, 0.3756402137435295, 0.11324875101986849, 0.2742272663692182, -0.00849850387418304, 0.22341166946782984, 0.16101031680591404, 0.10070013298007491, 0.052654469369868326, 0.2501960660076954, 0.11474647616639479, 0.14228724214692853, -0.29436897500471043, 0.10705162462016399, -0.08604556174329693] |
711.4525 | Uniqueness in Discrete Tomography of Delone Sets with Long-Range Order | We address the problem of determining finite subsets of Delone sets
$\varLambda\subset\R^d$ with long-range order by $X$-rays in prescribed
$\varLambda$-directions, i.e., directions parallel to non-zero interpoint
vectors of $\varLambda$. Here, an $X$-ray in direction $u$ of a finite set
gives the number of points in the set on each line parallel to $u$. For our
main result, we introduce the notion of algebraic Delone sets
$\varLambda\subset\R^2$ and derive a sufficient condition for the determination
of the convex subsets of these sets by $X$-rays in four prescribed
$\varLambda$-directions.
| math.MG | we address the problem of determining finite subsets of delone sets varlambdasubsetrd with longrange order by xrays in prescribed varlambdadirections ie directions parallel to nonzero interpoint vectors of varlambda here an xray in direction u of a finite set gives the number of points in the set on each line parallel to u for our main result we introduce the notion of algebraic delone sets varlambdasubsetr2 and derive a sufficient condition for the determination of the convex subsets of these sets by xrays in four prescribed varlambdadirections | [['we', 'address', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'determining', 'finite', 'subsets', 'of', 'delone', 'sets', 'varlambdasubsetrd', 'with', 'longrange', 'order', 'by', 'xrays', 'in', 'prescribed', 'varlambdadirections', 'ie', 'directions', 'parallel', 'to', 'nonzero', 'interpoint', 'vectors', 'of', 'varlambda', 'here', 'an', 'xray', 'in', 'direction', 'u', 'of', 'a', 'finite', 'set', 'gives', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'points', 'in', 'the', 'set', 'on', 'each', 'line', 'parallel', 'to', 'u', 'for', 'our', 'main', 'result', 'we', 'introduce', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'algebraic', 'delone', 'sets', 'varlambdasubsetr2', 'and', 'derive', 'a', 'sufficient', 'condition', 'for', 'the', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'convex', 'subsets', 'of', 'these', 'sets', 'by', 'xrays', 'in', 'four', 'prescribed', 'varlambdadirections']] | [-0.1797585778814905, 0.12231355241160867, 0.0026974958422429423, 0.022597665676627965, -0.04375440840992857, -0.06446088166318505, 0.0985363420263371, 0.3609657907748924, -0.3222525158760083, -0.2321222444064915, 0.06919135926291346, -0.313084492635201, -0.033068804168964135, 0.17376162926118602, -0.09081087118316003, 0.06016405678408988, 0.04930126838936463, 0.0371583714204676, -0.05759180754642276, -0.27921681597774084, 0.3935026100891478, -0.06920645123018938, 0.22007146466194707, 0.05028056256911334, 0.13457090544021305, 0.03047768431441749, -0.04999096205403261, 0.07371455651214893, -0.1460999779156683, 0.1447637462262612, 0.24770127373802311, 0.14711205838248134, 0.2850698119358105, -0.4009438804843847, -0.14367940725539538, 0.1664579462917412, 0.12014877571560004, 0.03532982221804559, 0.022994267254355636, -0.23550137542188168, 0.14710484583149938, -0.05732964083333226, -0.17431344752309516, -0.03397744314964203, 0.04180241982343004, 0.05955401922521346, -0.2581351391697193, -0.00809657371000332, 0.07103166316416772, 0.11165155661018455, -0.10700540275806013, -0.11076479792348383, 0.02348299933707013, 0.07153125822215396, 0.026968077197670935, 0.0846403041635366, 0.010186681085649659, -0.041594160238609595, -0.12388936896972796, 0.38841930803130653, 2.885430174715379e-05, -0.24572666261126014, 0.15956287098815664, -0.18394035574541812, -0.13054412118542721, 0.11110278551521546, 0.16650045809938627, 0.10933868607834858, -0.1320964520358864, 0.11573908459052772, -0.11364510858102757, 0.09999342337250709, 0.10773076360278269, 0.03236498200498959, 0.17943282789167236, 0.08587645793689744, 0.14721313793869578, 0.18748567254994722, -0.07467694508668501, -0.010380899977377232, -0.3601651825449046, -0.09772348853704683, -0.17637873519321576, 0.03900542182519155, -0.14085769924482414, -0.25983798547702674, 0.3934947765541866, 0.09852035681114477, 0.23467894435367165, 0.05560396781519932, 0.24643671133500689, 0.06945054225507193, 0.0025714500204605216, 0.08968905954457382, 0.13021535854786634, 0.14716963468338637, 0.002519158914904384, -0.19895939589204156, 0.04449177328497171, 0.1472469933276229] |
711.4526 | Measuring superparticle masses at hadron collider using the transverse
mass kink | We present a detailed study of the collider observable $m_{T2}$ applied for
pair-produced superparticles decaying to visible particles and a pair of
invisible lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs). Analytic expressions of the
maximum of $m_{T2}$ over all events ($m_{T2}^{\rm max}$) are derived. It is
noticed that if the decay product of each superparticle involves more than one
visible particles, $m_{T2}^{\rm max}$ being a function of the {\it trial} LSP
mass ${m}_\chi$ has a kink structure at ${m}_\chi=$ true LSP mass, which can be
used to determine the mother superparticle mass and the LSP mass
simultaneously. To see how well $m_{T2}^{\rm max}$ can be constructed from
collider data, a Monte-Carlo analysis of the gluino $m_{T2}$ is performed for
some superparticle spectra.
| hep-ph | we present a detailed study of the collider observable m_t2 applied for pairproduced superparticles decaying to visible particles and a pair of invisible lightest supersymmetric particles lsps analytic expressions of the maximum of m_t2 over all events m_t2rm max are derived it is noticed that if the decay product of each superparticle involves more than one visible particles m_t2rm max being a function of the it trial lsp mass m_chi has a kink structure at m_chi true lsp mass which can be used to determine the mother superparticle mass and the lsp mass simultaneously to see how well m_t2rm max can be constructed from collider data a montecarlo analysis of the gluino m_t2 is performed for some superparticle spectra | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'detailed', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'collider', 'observable', 'm_t2', 'applied', 'for', 'pairproduced', 'superparticles', 'decaying', 'to', 'visible', 'particles', 'and', 'a', 'pair', 'of', 'invisible', 'lightest', 'supersymmetric', 'particles', 'lsps', 'analytic', 'expressions', 'of', 'the', 'maximum', 'of', 'm_t2', 'over', 'all', 'events', 'm_t2rm', 'max', 'are', 'derived', 'it', 'is', 'noticed', 'that', 'if', 'the', 'decay', 'product', 'of', 'each', 'superparticle', 'involves', 'more', 'than', 'one', 'visible', 'particles', 'm_t2rm', 'max', 'being', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'the', 'it', 'trial', 'lsp', 'mass', 'm_chi', 'has', 'a', 'kink', 'structure', 'at', 'm_chi', 'true', 'lsp', 'mass', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'mother', 'superparticle', 'mass', 'and', 'the', 'lsp', 'mass', 'simultaneously', 'to', 'see', 'how', 'well', 'm_t2rm', 'max', 'can', 'be', 'constructed', 'from', 'collider', 'data', 'a', 'montecarlo', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'gluino', 'm_t2', 'is', 'performed', 'for', 'some', 'superparticle', 'spectra']] | [-0.049259677058782335, 0.2748245705161713, -0.10538196086711368, 0.2341360582582684, -0.08925017430994879, -0.2034930299239687, 0.0012153582001778007, 0.3348815384489179, -0.1954392204765512, -0.31418379917427774, 0.060365865018782244, -0.2888461036153701, 0.03168925696185657, 0.1782950496363665, 0.03377235196374294, 0.0701816146880263, 0.12926411877010613, 0.054352295103662907, -0.0434315247175542, -0.23787150743120045, 0.22644687750760248, 0.03340895512305638, 0.13425507844511828, 0.03971426425493878, 0.06157510106338329, 0.03761341956741482, 0.0023072356736764874, -0.08615306915496201, -0.15098658351046904, 0.04419855894462182, 0.19532035478242055, 0.15624957439340964, 0.13235895898576608, -0.2897946693378837, -0.13657541343738802, 0.19261767795043333, 0.2219230582880858, 0.021713515214363755, -0.05089976988645259, -0.27916282836441736, 0.11703051308154308, -0.21531747200158463, -0.09998443196801578, -0.001265191935793254, 0.008092831444590031, -0.11571785923242256, -0.3150475526902582, 0.11457011165261707, -0.07377521613585379, -0.0491892530704152, 0.0034258451543654465, -0.17201576917040937, -0.14266156138140051, 0.005263604685476347, 0.15282052546786537, -0.01338108566965313, 0.2106895497139199, -0.1330408708998511, -0.11185655936191813, 0.4167132035050416, -0.07704605950894199, -0.18083153657239526, 0.14685843541177318, -0.15771254859551662, -0.14193277589550257, 0.1637229528786818, 0.19538605509779783, 0.16334781835653953, -0.16065688474356205, 0.12233201258115377, -0.08092472584871184, 0.19838031363857425, 0.10224870946590922, 0.024573840690041038, 0.2937688411628248, 0.20546916755358494, 0.06832998860314363, 0.07369039782534252, -0.09633508913547677, -0.036732868459701785, -0.3600215255713263, -0.1567589012502904, -0.1455024416849972, 0.02583756367969444, -0.061386083874669505, -0.08532601031435638, 0.38484904767178435, 0.08787967727965668, 0.24812462868779397, 0.06447098857406214, 0.27138912724722336, 0.10729012537371962, 0.09477514392518274, 0.06537659921533694, 0.2858762267858138, 0.11640017358547061, 0.09652427817057005, -0.1721878818333141, -0.0545030603412257, 0.07033945143050632] |
711.4527 | Evidence of a s-Wave Pairing in Heavily Zn-doped $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$
from Andreev Reflection Spectra | When the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave pairing is suppressed by Zn-doping in
$YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ some of the Andreev reflection spectra were found to be
similar to the s-wave spectra of conventional superconductors. The energy gap
is rather reproducible (2.3-3.0meV). It is suppressed by low magnetic field
($H_C^{PC}=120-270mT$) in great contrast to the d-wave spectra ($H_C^{PC}>3T$)
with the similar order of the gap value. We suppose that the s-wave pairing
occurs near the Zn-impurities.
| cond-mat.supr-con | when the d_x2y2wave pairing is suppressed by zndoping in yba_2cu_3o_7delta some of the andreev reflection spectra were found to be similar to the swave spectra of conventional superconductors the energy gap is rather reproducible 2330mev it is suppressed by low magnetic field h_cpc120270mt in great contrast to the dwave spectra h_cpc3t with the similar order of the gap value we suppose that the swave pairing occurs near the znimpurities | [['when', 'the', 'd_x2y2wave', 'pairing', 'is', 'suppressed', 'by', 'zndoping', 'in', 'yba_2cu_3o_7delta', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'andreev', 'reflection', 'spectra', 'were', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'similar', 'to', 'the', 'swave', 'spectra', 'of', 'conventional', 'superconductors', 'the', 'energy', 'gap', 'is', 'rather', 'reproducible', '2330mev', 'it', 'is', 'suppressed', 'by', 'low', 'magnetic', 'field', 'h_cpc120270mt', 'in', 'great', 'contrast', 'to', 'the', 'dwave', 'spectra', 'h_cpc3t', 'with', 'the', 'similar', 'order', 'of', 'the', 'gap', 'value', 'we', 'suppose', 'that', 'the', 'swave', 'pairing', 'occurs', 'near', 'the', 'znimpurities']] | [-0.20640808783796136, 0.20880473562812601, -0.08059259219744215, 0.09826960566869909, -0.06920587349414939, -0.16591909553178333, 0.04975160232491114, 0.37340486686055857, -0.2463832112791186, -0.2999497629476316, -0.0390632509617276, -0.34829180075250793, -0.06139296103466415, 0.15874510686703477, 0.0062952148022525235, 0.006026359095068818, -0.0551999113240251, 0.033400881541610666, -0.1299049789332926, -0.22908263029812864, 0.4002883543091064, 0.034406333159881106, 0.3357536482878707, 0.07961400463528027, -0.1198389869691296, -0.013854736896147106, 0.12566874251051835, 0.005776715436668107, -0.125183979307401, 0.04829256108143565, 0.31444085553062684, -0.12906827570193194, 0.15175098441117865, -0.3861745821424957, -0.19287158737742258, 0.0643723940963603, 0.16111069331280747, 0.12630364225443566, -0.009155670717132814, -0.28928130438946414, 0.12839359421085453, -0.15392177497304863, -0.1229158440484863, -0.06694177025929093, -0.025994415823581883, -0.05236710214310072, -0.2378301790520323, 0.10179591875974879, 0.05960425514389168, 0.0732595724279456, -0.0830039496702904, -0.12008093727865454, -0.06562304185442344, -0.005597865520747181, 0.10581233990590343, 0.07649350641154204, 0.08705312230229152, -0.13921550657444945, -0.04563549575113663, 0.3421488529014768, -0.0721188171248121, -0.034877971167478594, 0.1425199015207137, -0.20006358355396625, 0.0005624484143812548, 0.21319287881311594, 0.013581380826618635, 0.0612446786200797, -0.09664203658118795, 0.08603027038616622, -0.04670181173379674, 0.17120048557549264, 0.044070810432348284, 0.0668340024580671, 0.20780029147863388, 0.1651440505890853, 0.040975046950872195, 0.10082945971093564, -0.13249990851688903, -0.02418010158351425, -0.24035955220460892, -0.11652605375275016, -0.2183829810696118, 0.015673080344585644, 0.0059881122733438106, -0.14112292207551724, 0.36637186140499334, 0.13175701088921138, 0.24512549996319594, -0.08523513331557765, 0.2644548076910503, 0.197389773763434, 0.12430651180417926, 0.07698461843061853, 0.27341964803715446, 0.1539030553822434, 0.11872092817881794, -0.33878589841664175, 0.07529546205434158, -0.0478443219467546] |
711.4528 | Polyphase alternating codes | This work introduces a method for constructing polyphase alternating codes in
which the length of a code transmission cycle can be $p^m$ or $p-1$, where $p$
is a prime number and $m$ is a positive integer. The relevant properties
leading to the construction alternating codes and the algorithm for generating
alternating codes is described. Examples of all practical and some not that
practical polyphase code lengths are given.
| physics.data-an physics.space-ph | this work introduces a method for constructing polyphase alternating codes in which the length of a code transmission cycle can be pm or p1 where p is a prime number and m is a positive integer the relevant properties leading to the construction alternating codes and the algorithm for generating alternating codes is described examples of all practical and some not that practical polyphase code lengths are given | [['this', 'work', 'introduces', 'a', 'method', 'for', 'constructing', 'polyphase', 'alternating', 'codes', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'a', 'code', 'transmission', 'cycle', 'can', 'be', 'pm', 'or', 'p1', 'where', 'p', 'is', 'a', 'prime', 'number', 'and', 'm', 'is', 'a', 'positive', 'integer', 'the', 'relevant', 'properties', 'leading', 'to', 'the', 'construction', 'alternating', 'codes', 'and', 'the', 'algorithm', 'for', 'generating', 'alternating', 'codes', 'is', 'described', 'examples', 'of', 'all', 'practical', 'and', 'some', 'not', 'that', 'practical', 'polyphase', 'code', 'lengths', 'are', 'given']] | [-0.24161644808619337, 0.1221174405723372, -0.026209006442085785, 0.055183098545325375, -0.0415029342231505, -0.24926542578374639, -0.008834850686766645, 0.3885233949541169, -0.3068534286405124, -0.27956329099833965, 0.13768051529597655, -0.2311312054448268, -0.15892600256141604, 0.26490694871309267, -0.054419917054474354, 0.05627355707110837, 0.04425058787113384, 0.042563652058186775, -0.1173093784497777, -0.30464525285231714, 0.24400465420502074, 0.08857971543500967, 0.19569950742537484, 0.01747253439937006, 0.06602092163024388, 0.014721075387890725, -0.02692267219262088, 0.01747130506726749, -0.13578136308131114, 0.12179490128148567, 0.3033261739046258, 0.15132352846729405, 0.2403454676763538, -0.3187272394596435, -0.18376622743081122, 0.11685045063495636, 0.15301541417754969, 0.1438497326881214, -0.06461943859261844, -0.1361744396854192, 0.19040152789367473, -0.15504031548933947, -0.07516048896564718, -0.03826996581355, 0.02572597735835349, 0.06010531053385314, -0.35998740524519235, -0.054189391001059184, 0.09327472273862976, 0.0900942148257266, -0.016289433728054387, -0.1919747589101248, 0.06173565792714191, 0.09463576560579788, -0.011494441324269728, 0.06094577481716817, 0.012655013220329933, -0.026837613799965337, -0.12763430505669127, 0.36332526668796644, 0.006672468228156076, -0.23346464607097647, 0.08950340751257232, -0.05304777571547996, -0.11056132345487747, 0.1677086185047622, 0.1615437559564324, 0.14759768344211968, -0.07098391503164106, 0.09215113118400897, -0.10290984104401157, 0.16017710004577085, 0.0964250925805091, 0.022807267172645557, 0.17483413734418504, 0.08973517830428832, 0.05510467902401134, 0.15300259510267472, -0.059302616453565216, -0.023684200214441207, -0.3042260709711734, -0.17038773684051942, -0.2113258736259441, 0.04338864131975296, -0.0867847837295866, -0.19318327370702343, 0.43538843367851393, 0.10461570812142729, 0.1347418434178347, 0.10308359452584923, 0.31572216404054093, 0.0714619913179537, 0.08219765532275607, 0.12940118395422093, 0.05329845156323726, 0.138799919262323, -0.03695250310770729, -0.20823159290011972, 0.07509027550900903, 0.13392679887029396] |
711.4529 | Donaldson Thomas invariant of P^1 scroll | Let X be a P^1 scroll (a compactification of a line bundle L) over a complex
surafce S and assume S has a global two form with zero loci a smooth curve C.
The Donaldson Thomas invariants of X is shown to be zero if the curve class has
is component on S not a multiple of [C]. For nonzero case, when the prime field
insertion are above C, the invariant is shown to depend only on the analytic
neighborhood of L in X.
| math.AG math.AC | let x be a p1 scroll a compactification of a line bundle l over a complex surafce s and assume s has a global two form with zero loci a smooth curve c the donaldson thomas invariants of x is shown to be zero if the curve class has is component on s not a multiple of c for nonzero case when the prime field insertion are above c the invariant is shown to depend only on the analytic neighborhood of l in x | [['let', 'x', 'be', 'a', 'p1', 'scroll', 'a', 'compactification', 'of', 'a', 'line', 'bundle', 'l', 'over', 'a', 'complex', 'surafce', 's', 'and', 'assume', 's', 'has', 'a', 'global', 'two', 'form', 'with', 'zero', 'loci', 'a', 'smooth', 'curve', 'c', 'the', 'donaldson', 'thomas', 'invariants', 'of', 'x', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'zero', 'if', 'the', 'curve', 'class', 'has', 'is', 'component', 'on', 's', 'not', 'a', 'multiple', 'of', 'c', 'for', 'nonzero', 'case', 'when', 'the', 'prime', 'field', 'insertion', 'are', 'above', 'c', 'the', 'invariant', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'depend', 'only', 'on', 'the', 'analytic', 'neighborhood', 'of', 'l', 'in', 'x']] | [-0.24322138261330506, 0.08479757652707758, -0.1001471869916801, 0.004883575330331293, -0.08027868367821338, -0.2169815122868013, 0.028005356956497734, 0.33672795262950733, -0.27807205928915957, -0.18477003283922122, 0.0852967041884044, -0.2571453503052513, -0.08035053012062268, 0.21057330421452602, -0.0734873539375433, -0.03809267036470933, 0.018908113805038564, 0.13789147630064602, -0.0888416185324271, -0.2813382766795827, 0.35234501316066247, -0.07816528095807655, 0.1960943574198039, 0.04560129959360663, 0.09837068378622363, -0.024619711445173227, 0.027220643526616406, 0.03499754203808864, -0.11943787290344396, 0.07566182861800294, 0.24068512671054845, 0.09095711379342836, 0.20751876804798122, -0.3060400148247739, -0.24169615654454354, 0.2041194629574935, 0.12184575189421155, -0.014789214817784637, 0.05772041262082576, -0.18793952024923302, 0.18790331654564804, -0.10064081825226186, -0.16118360694542708, -0.03168694028863683, 0.17544203509256828, 0.03377348967233157, -0.2863197142190962, -0.06500296468610864, 0.08450344464102064, 0.11985974739788167, 0.018050617515951037, -0.12843767228166023, -0.12213716702535748, 0.01698689695611787, 0.020386706378468008, 0.18506018238433872, 0.09930884084630623, -0.06946169368428998, -0.035131299812122284, 0.3585922620427537, -0.1250262792749577, -0.25282211442399455, 0.12951397968747888, -0.20522392451684607, -0.09531452686873725, 0.1936961286196328, 0.07892650778753212, 0.18268280750679144, -0.027604330643339656, 0.24475894650340596, -0.11785935021443181, 0.1253449102100658, 0.06256288323125028, -0.08423841583082475, 0.21130789443850517, 0.08183785875787936, 0.09753409501709358, 0.0531438577735056, -0.08642266518001568, -0.010361419878451222, -0.39031541746471593, -0.20772102712204746, -0.15346397897957947, 0.18027270232142842, -0.03946691040066772, -0.161011473367591, 0.36760186040156845, -0.034060031411249234, 0.2972352723983756, 0.027356049073972256, 0.20122372316451131, 0.08979951823691287, 0.054082846132959855, 0.08943447148068304, 0.11172322116522904, 0.1660166018816407, 0.0033971013722896397, -0.1697222392540425, 0.052869655393871916, 0.11936737424750106] |
711.453 | Temperature measurement of sub-micrometric ICs by scanning thermal
microscopy | Surface temperature measurements were performed with a Scanning Thermal
Microscope mounted with a thermoresistive wire probe of micrometrSurface
temperature measurements were performed with a Scanning Thermal Microscope
mounted with a thermoresistive wire probe of micrometric size. A CMOS device
was designed with arrays of resistive lines 0.35$\mu$m in width. The array
periods are 0.8micron and 10micron to study the spatial resolution of the SThM.
Integrated Circuits with passivation layers of micrometric and nanometric
thicknesses were tested. To enhance signal-to-noise ratio, the resistive lines
were heated with an AC current. The passivation layer of nanometric thickness
allows us to distinguish the lines when the array period is 10micron. The
results raise the difficulties of the SThM measurement due to the design and
the topography of ICs on one hand and the size of the thermal probe on the
other hand.ic size. A CMOS device was designed with arrays of resistive lines
0.35$\mu$m in width. The array periods are 0.8micron and 10micron to study the
spatial resolution of the SThM. Integrated Circuits with passivation layers of
micrometric and nanometric thicknesses were tested. To enhance signal-to-noise
ratio, the resistive lines were heated with an AC current. The passivation
layer of nanometric thickness allows us to distinguish the lines when the array
period is 10micron. The results raise the difficulties of the SThM measurement
due to the design and the topography of ICs on one hand and the size of the
thermal probe on the other hand.
| physics.class-ph | surface temperature measurements were performed with a scanning thermal microscope mounted with a thermoresistive wire probe of micrometrsurface temperature measurements were performed with a scanning thermal microscope mounted with a thermoresistive wire probe of micrometric size a cmos device was designed with arrays of resistive lines 035mum in width the array periods are 08micron and 10micron to study the spatial resolution of the sthm integrated circuits with passivation layers of micrometric and nanometric thicknesses were tested to enhance signaltonoise ratio the resistive lines were heated with an ac current the passivation layer of nanometric thickness allows us to distinguish the lines when the array period is 10micron the results raise the difficulties of the sthm measurement due to the design and the topography of ics on one hand and the size of the thermal probe on the other handic size a cmos device was designed with arrays of resistive lines 035mum in width the array periods are 08micron and 10micron to study the spatial resolution of the sthm integrated circuits with passivation layers of micrometric and nanometric thicknesses were tested to enhance signaltonoise ratio the resistive lines were heated with an ac current the passivation layer of nanometric thickness allows us to distinguish the lines when the array period is 10micron the results raise the difficulties of the sthm measurement due to the design and the topography of ics on one hand and the size of the thermal probe on the other hand | [['surface', 'temperature', 'measurements', 'were', 'performed', 'with', 'a', 'scanning', 'thermal', 'microscope', 'mounted', 'with', 'a', 'thermoresistive', 'wire', 'probe', 'of', 'micrometrsurface', 'temperature', 'measurements', 'were', 'performed', 'with', 'a', 'scanning', 'thermal', 'microscope', 'mounted', 'with', 'a', 'thermoresistive', 'wire', 'probe', 'of', 'micrometric', 'size', 'a', 'cmos', 'device', 'was', 'designed', 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-0.03371372178126766] |
711.4531 | Evidence in Support of the Local Quasar Model from Inner Jet Structure
and Angular Motions in Radio Loud AGN | Radio loud jetted sources with and without extended inner jet structure show
good agreement with the simple ballistic ejection scenario proposed in the
decreasing intrinsic redshift (DIR) model, where, because of projection
effects, those that show the most obvious extended structure and large angular
motions are assumed to have jets that lie close to the plane of the sky, and
those with little or no structure and small angular motions are assumed to have
jets that are coming almost directly towards us. This simple model also
predicts several other relations seen in the raw data that, in some cases, may
be less easily explained if the redshifts are cosmological and relativistic
ejection is required. In particular, for radio-loud sources the source number
density is found to be high for sources that are not Doppler boosted but low
for highly boosted sources. This is opposite to what is expected, suggesting
that Doppler boosting may not be involved at all, which would be in agreement
with the DIR model. If so, the reality of relativistic beaming in quasar jets,
the assumption of which has been the very foundation of the superluminal motion
explanation in the cosmological redshift (CR) model, would then be questioned.
| astro-ph | radio loud jetted sources with and without extended inner jet structure show good agreement with the simple ballistic ejection scenario proposed in the decreasing intrinsic redshift dir model where because of projection effects those that show the most obvious extended structure and large angular motions are assumed to have jets that lie close to the plane of the sky and those with little or no structure and small angular motions are assumed to have jets that are coming almost directly towards us this simple model also predicts several other relations seen in the raw data that in some cases may be less easily explained if the redshifts are cosmological and relativistic ejection is required in particular for radioloud sources the source number density is found to be high for sources that are not doppler boosted but low for highly boosted sources this is opposite to what is expected suggesting that doppler boosting may not be involved at all which would be in agreement with the dir model if so the reality of relativistic beaming in quasar jets the assumption of which has been the very foundation of the superluminal motion explanation in the cosmological redshift cr model would then be questioned | [['radio', 'loud', 'jetted', 'sources', 'with', 'and', 'without', 'extended', 'inner', 'jet', 'structure', 'show', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'simple', 'ballistic', 'ejection', 'scenario', 'proposed', 'in', 'the', 'decreasing', 'intrinsic', 'redshift', 'dir', 'model', 'where', 'because', 'of', 'projection', 'effects', 'those', 'that', 'show', 'the', 'most', 'obvious', 'extended', 'structure', 'and', 'large', 'angular', 'motions', 'are', 'assumed', 'to', 'have', 'jets', 'that', 'lie', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'plane', 'of', 'the', 'sky', 'and', 'those', 'with', 'little', 'or', 'no', 'structure', 'and', 'small', 'angular', 'motions', 'are', 'assumed', 'to', 'have', 'jets', 'that', 'are', 'coming', 'almost', 'directly', 'towards', 'us', 'this', 'simple', 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711.4532 | A holographic computation of the central charges of d=4, N=2 SCFTs | We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to compute the central charges of the d=4,
N=2 superconformal field theories arising from N D3-branes at singularities in
F-theory. These include the conformal theories with E_n global symmetries. We
compute the central charges a and c related to the conformal anomaly, and also
the central charges k associated to the global symmetry in these theories. All
of these are related to the coefficients of Chern-Simons terms in the dual
string theory on AdS_5. Our computation is exact for all values of N, enabling
several tests of the dualities recently proposed by Argyres and Seiberg for the
E_6 and E_7 theories with N=1.
| hep-th | we use the adscft correspondence to compute the central charges of the d4 n2 superconformal field theories arising from n d3branes at singularities in ftheory these include the conformal theories with e_n global symmetries we compute the central charges a and c related to the conformal anomaly and also the central charges k associated to the global symmetry in these theories all of these are related to the coefficients of chernsimons terms in the dual string theory on ads_5 our computation is exact for all values of n enabling several tests of the dualities recently proposed by argyres and seiberg for the e_6 and e_7 theories with n1 | [['we', 'use', 'the', 'adscft', 'correspondence', 'to', 'compute', 'the', 'central', 'charges', 'of', 'the', 'd4', 'n2', 'superconformal', 'field', 'theories', 'arising', 'from', 'n', 'd3branes', 'at', 'singularities', 'in', 'ftheory', 'these', 'include', 'the', 'conformal', 'theories', 'with', 'e_n', 'global', 'symmetries', 'we', 'compute', 'the', 'central', 'charges', 'a', 'and', 'c', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'conformal', 'anomaly', 'and', 'also', 'the', 'central', 'charges', 'k', 'associated', 'to', 'the', 'global', 'symmetry', 'in', 'these', 'theories', 'all', 'of', 'these', 'are', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'coefficients', 'of', 'chernsimons', 'terms', 'in', 'the', 'dual', 'string', 'theory', 'on', 'ads_5', 'our', 'computation', 'is', 'exact', 'for', 'all', 'values', 'of', 'n', 'enabling', 'several', 'tests', 'of', 'the', 'dualities', 'recently', 'proposed', 'by', 'argyres', 'and', 'seiberg', 'for', 'the', 'e_6', 'and', 'e_7', 'theories', 'with', 'n1']] | [-0.13942315970564745, 0.12901844046320077, -0.03097622503938274, 0.08145819537673595, -0.04367508622817695, -0.16395347608960475, -0.03563851826604352, 0.27234194980270265, -0.17270798279248453, -0.271470505916686, 0.09974651469922348, -0.310244874269874, -0.15435886543882252, 0.08688776574477002, -0.05402455913065717, 0.04559151017167972, -0.0992911587452033, 0.08970919922339143, -0.1402076346868718, -0.2975438959698227, 0.31804041269976924, -0.00873868051847374, 0.26973880152218044, 0.07397734634664462, 0.07393748359539097, -0.00763014343963867, -0.003455919075619291, -0.006849440549019535, -0.13932050876664342, 0.19652857628857923, 0.289874898196474, 0.06998325181969751, 0.07061850743324342, -0.4837754771492823, -0.18378678988665342, 0.08537744926030023, 0.16659254701031992, 0.12683547079062987, -0.01006855356994223, -0.26127132226678507, 0.12324957255515512, -0.16001623298076015, -0.1559560984260989, -0.07951359203326758, 0.017900797638705827, -0.06148635340785539, -0.24292184172750073, 0.057900373942242435, -0.004262965088451488, 0.07732394582557457, -0.0418882186403843, -0.06962738149471719, -0.08962570072186214, 0.11262797001594056, 0.16480949214288826, 0.04790251234684278, 0.09936572821418478, -0.23134975658117415, -0.18746479498912338, 0.3480405367143383, -0.012813909365730878, -0.20474543243957063, 0.19362465680482005, -0.1454214317663745, -0.23116124270664942, 0.07461988983710331, 0.0630681183171907, 0.19587300889004297, -0.06936618075188664, 0.24174666409682552, -0.05794921792457225, 0.05635157780596745, 0.0997814645525068, 0.03584685456870055, 0.2783530161595317, -0.004313635570859468, 0.03071345175030055, 0.1315091848373413, -0.01102021421872821, -0.12433783742771656, -0.46032845442769704, -0.13972573089995421, -0.10643305007963338, 0.11594068797960601, -0.19941188137131072, -0.10886371513414714, 0.3734031877032033, 0.13076557715868586, 0.19739138623009678, 0.0847006503716801, 0.1326664909892888, 0.1096818419399723, 0.13065891252955664, 0.03662743023812288, 0.1899313828773167, 0.19197183384568672, 0.05498917739950465, -0.27625237882387377, -0.18234260917934417, 0.24680269170655972] |
711.4533 | Temperature dependent phonon renormalization in metallic nanotubes | We measure the temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of metallic and
semiconducting nanotubes. We show that the different trend in metallic tubes is
due to phonon re-normalization induced by the variation in electronic
temperature, which is modeled including non-adiabatic contributions to account
for the dynamic, time dependent nature
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we measure the temperature dependence of the raman spectra of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes we show that the different trend in metallic tubes is due to phonon renormalization induced by the variation in electronic temperature which is modeled including nonadiabatic contributions to account for the dynamic time dependent nature | [['we', 'measure', 'the', 'temperature', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'raman', 'spectra', 'of', 'metallic', 'and', 'semiconducting', 'nanotubes', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'different', 'trend', 'in', 'metallic', 'tubes', 'is', 'due', 'to', 'phonon', 'renormalization', 'induced', 'by', 'the', 'variation', 'in', 'electronic', 'temperature', 'which', 'is', 'modeled', 'including', 'nonadiabatic', 'contributions', 'to', 'account', 'for', 'the', 'dynamic', 'time', 'dependent', 'nature']] | [-0.12432188834348808, 0.23565202657779566, -0.09049496560224465, 0.006839170657592464, -0.026408208372565557, -0.09950578167122237, 0.07347818598987496, 0.45929083326945497, -0.27566007266239245, -0.2767037723821645, -0.009055237281041182, -0.31307603791356087, -0.14301021936900762, 0.16515009233499972, 0.021475161216696913, 0.011006435587567429, -0.029318911261020267, -0.0945760102714507, -0.08560903588480943, -0.14721982598504318, 0.2927132062613964, 0.02811367048558836, 0.3409738065104704, 0.1845502590580026, 0.03307028607066188, 0.016202861984849583, 0.011275215150446308, 0.06759121335510697, -0.13215054034291676, 0.023973492934007426, 0.2630880508115705, -0.11171477523689367, 0.19579715456585495, -0.4482285335507928, -0.2272269576597883, 0.029719778450624068, 0.08804826753223505, 0.13065251636518432, -0.002107293896225034, -0.2534765429718762, 0.05071450385968296, -0.11807910105859747, -0.08585401689776276, -0.10309296985137828, 0.041861735968565454, -0.0062926829203355066, -0.19823689504089403, 0.11819628121008222, 0.047048377661908766, 0.05235163663746789, -0.13884465320853098, -0.09178169050767106, -0.06250489381503085, 0.09633365055731478, 0.10261087829237614, -0.04701348878823373, 0.2167053319162176, -0.06594527796937191, -0.056924467469204446, 0.4070815698300697, -0.14739038474021518, -0.06554946004964259, 0.14788221613484986, -0.16494001784570972, -0.0753588653644737, 0.18357865055262737, 0.12093244857934056, 0.08130561023515802, -0.16247146527225875, 0.06222261496871824, 0.04846149451118343, 0.15615772847466322, 0.04403935749159784, 0.11456968324563029, 0.1868932614178986, 0.17864216747218553, 0.002646315063596988, 0.14352642084300823, -0.1201693486346274, -0.057539554768983196, -0.21346809821469442, -0.13862901516448783, -0.2096176159245019, 0.06875978106138658, -0.07817570357648798, -0.2266520577083741, 0.4463391502444841, 0.13492322032700996, 0.19657595906102535, -0.031213139447535634, 0.27939726944480625, 0.16714398255001525, 0.08610194986353495, 0.025275843826179603, 0.23797734697558443, 0.20413080124393562, 0.10669437491772127, -0.3682345805632673, 0.08611104791337738, -0.023138386824605416] |
711.4534 | Experimental realization of linear-optical partial SWAP gates | We present a linear-optical implementation of a class of two-qubit partial
SWAP gates for polarization states of photons. Different gate operations,
including the SWAP and entangling square root of SWAP, can be obtained by
changing a classical control parameter -- namely the path difference in the
interferometer. Reconstruction of output states, full process tomography and
evaluation of entanglement of formation prove very good performance of the
gates.
| quant-ph | we present a linearoptical implementation of a class of twoqubit partial swap gates for polarization states of photons different gate operations including the swap and entangling square root of swap can be obtained by changing a classical control parameter namely the path difference in the interferometer reconstruction of output states full process tomography and evaluation of entanglement of formation prove very good performance of the gates | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'linearoptical', 'implementation', 'of', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'twoqubit', 'partial', 'swap', 'gates', 'for', 'polarization', 'states', 'of', 'photons', 'different', 'gate', 'operations', 'including', 'the', 'swap', 'and', 'entangling', 'square', 'root', 'of', 'swap', 'can', 'be', 'obtained', 'by', 'changing', 'a', 'classical', 'control', 'parameter', 'namely', 'the', 'path', 'difference', 'in', 'the', 'interferometer', 'reconstruction', 'of', 'output', 'states', 'full', 'process', 'tomography', 'and', 'evaluation', 'of', 'entanglement', 'of', 'formation', 'prove', 'very', 'good', 'performance', 'of', 'the', 'gates']] | [-0.15866274395110933, 0.1627397758632221, -0.022674977310199403, 0.03182953884433201, 0.05838192547812606, -0.22627718089797505, 0.1033502855782651, 0.4090573330494491, -0.26705804907462816, -0.32911210312423383, 0.09806769517970017, -0.2182618739422072, -0.0802858649809478, 0.239428946720154, -0.06999636619267138, 0.1224914019518165, 0.12373895655301484, -0.030210396317257124, -0.13507025657842556, -0.24263454307837298, 0.25103461635863467, 0.039106985088437796, 0.2724177189538199, -0.013917322902037113, 0.15653592856092888, 0.03403282267831718, 0.015711255837231874, -0.028301794223035828, -0.06761658599487308, 0.09483349125543045, 0.2360910349384402, 0.1458503667046457, 0.2093150673829245, -0.4425710371667237, -0.13046415518461305, 0.074717014449451, 0.07675182463770563, 0.1579396967409235, -0.03289002906284154, -0.3059582723953733, -0.057804345576600594, -0.18793179575269195, -0.052961006541877534, -0.08260055670909809, 0.012961489966872967, -0.011323921918643244, -0.2968215285377069, 0.03850196488201618, 0.03081315566051864, 0.05753776335482006, 0.06212113529556629, -0.04401584035914504, -0.009985815366786537, 0.1435460118986102, -0.1506747795470856, 0.0023130008414613476, 0.18225739053168305, -0.1289551358027948, -0.24246881028397405, 0.3068354931293112, -0.027450646697120232, -0.17260207240046424, 0.07524063874205406, -0.15116710625730004, -0.048322900466508036, 0.08318312432278287, 0.12643468324941667, 0.10220115088900043, -0.10550803965606699, 0.055888782218310305, 0.008742678917549325, 0.17807642234997315, 0.0937663941418357, 0.1229730819274361, 0.14968030298603646, 0.12413427872216386, 0.12674130846492268, 0.2473051558058201, -0.10070671058201697, -0.12998196502237327, -0.3704436341244163, -0.22003686255916502, -0.22445766246792945, 0.0797297626021177, -0.08587735508759083, -0.17315164618335213, 0.48530083807241736, 0.10335633211864413, 0.1384594399679565, 0.0333409684597317, 0.32288588385916117, 0.12053011325329091, 0.08629141090381326, 0.04349643586090568, 0.20979839543614423, 0.15620887277041082, -0.01226788873530247, -0.3020079381566382, 0.08912631478442838, 0.01957939387383786] |
711.4535 | Room temperature Optical Orientation of Exciton Spin in cubic GaN/AlN
quantum dots | The optical orientation of the exciton spin in an ensemble of self-organized
cubic GaN/AlN quantum dots is studied by time-resolved photoluminescence. Under
a polarized quasi-resonant excitation, the luminescence linear polarization
exhibits no temporal decay, even at room temperature. This demonstrates the
robustness of the exciton spin polarization in these cubic nitride
nanostructures, with characteristic decay times longer than 10 ns.
| cond-mat.other cond-mat.mtrl-sci | the optical orientation of the exciton spin in an ensemble of selforganized cubic ganaln quantum dots is studied by timeresolved photoluminescence under a polarized quasiresonant excitation the luminescence linear polarization exhibits no temporal decay even at room temperature this demonstrates the robustness of the exciton spin polarization in these cubic nitride nanostructures with characteristic decay times longer than 10 ns | [['the', 'optical', 'orientation', 'of', 'the', 'exciton', 'spin', 'in', 'an', 'ensemble', 'of', 'selforganized', 'cubic', 'ganaln', 'quantum', 'dots', 'is', 'studied', 'by', 'timeresolved', 'photoluminescence', 'under', 'a', 'polarized', 'quasiresonant', 'excitation', 'the', 'luminescence', 'linear', 'polarization', 'exhibits', 'no', 'temporal', 'decay', 'even', 'at', 'room', 'temperature', 'this', 'demonstrates', 'the', 'robustness', 'of', 'the', 'exciton', 'spin', 'polarization', 'in', 'these', 'cubic', 'nitride', 'nanostructures', 'with', 'characteristic', 'decay', 'times', 'longer', 'than', '10', 'ns']] | [-0.1415862302839135, 0.24771063064908957, -0.02797242357240369, -0.0029676780259857575, 0.0718415403428177, -0.17491095792502165, -0.024243970615013193, 0.5395436367640892, -0.24017509122689565, -0.24444970755527418, -0.03238193673314527, -0.2849604730804761, -0.06489430988828342, 0.21977147658665974, 0.10035457761647801, 0.04543105666525662, -0.033248405278815577, -0.04617383774990837, -0.06417269441687191, -0.20284314847861726, 0.17909937109022092, 0.03556794009831113, 0.33267177638287343, 0.08117360212975958, 0.07473664191396286, 0.03980919379585733, 0.1378827069265147, -0.07490205323750464, -0.11988608971393357, 0.056836934527382255, 0.2259968218083183, -0.11664485645790895, 0.17709856523821751, -0.43146573399814464, -0.19879766770948967, 0.06403323449194431, 0.13197634571697564, 0.20950262702147787, -0.07495218428472677, -0.270998166486, 0.04506266190049549, -0.04907667296938598, -0.1094004924253871, -0.03222270475234836, 0.025264255671451488, -0.03321530057583004, -0.21463709645128498, 0.12060333465536435, 0.09695807596047719, 0.1344445721556743, -0.05020910082384944, -0.08631724456693822, -0.10058814139726262, -0.04223637480754405, -0.00872344730499511, 0.007959254264521102, 0.22503117789359142, -0.09123169574498509, -0.1896695452121397, 0.3265083217450107, -0.12245485510332704, -0.03887159682344645, 0.0962972247817864, -0.25149323623627423, -0.024090259403844055, 0.2488088802434504, 0.08901127804613983, 0.1621269566239789, -0.111737622138268, 0.05382103483037402, 0.015259693081801137, 0.29501677338654797, 0.15593681424312913, 0.19402719929930753, 0.276428204200541, 0.22126238996473452, 0.041396653698757294, 0.14901867372294267, -0.13718863837420942, -0.0683691209803025, -0.1539100449066609, -0.13859553987470766, -0.22048197804639738, 0.23599265014442306, -0.11774946112806599, -0.1428330667782575, 0.49229220193810763, 0.05313976380663613, 0.14877150397126873, 0.004195287544280291, 0.25649670617034037, 0.12661402666941893, 0.0607222524820827, -0.02060129390253375, 0.2889781441073865, 0.21415953021884584, 0.12077280279869834, -0.3914263908208037, 0.04525741609589507, -0.10596223402147492] |
711.4536 | Studying variation of fundamental constants with molecules | This review article is devoted to application of precision molecular
spectroscopy to studies of the possible spatial and temporal variations of the
fundamental constants. Both astrophysical observations and laboratory
experiments are discussed.
| physics.atom-ph | this review article is devoted to application of precision molecular spectroscopy to studies of the possible spatial and temporal variations of the fundamental constants both astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments are discussed | [['this', 'review', 'article', 'is', 'devoted', 'to', 'application', 'of', 'precision', 'molecular', 'spectroscopy', 'to', 'studies', 'of', 'the', 'possible', 'spatial', 'and', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'fundamental', 'constants', 'both', 'astrophysical', 'observations', 'and', 'laboratory', 'experiments', 'are', 'discussed']] | [-0.0983439532428747, 0.09511107625439763, -0.018945708237879444, 0.05453431178466417, -0.10199299512896687, -0.052306092431535944, 0.021020763902924955, 0.41400683077517897, -0.23561084660468623, -0.31588451308198273, 0.1385067230439745, -0.2455738706921693, -0.13641589251346886, 0.22768574499059469, -0.01006906243856065, 0.1159987775990885, 0.08529624584480189, -0.018200442122179084, -0.040653523263245006, -0.2176113381574396, 0.2892616572789848, 0.17383972532115877, 0.2632706504664384, 0.1272998491767794, 0.08564882168138865, -0.07657468452816829, -0.18689353629451944, -0.01804986162460409, -0.22781151393428445, 0.1900346023903694, 0.30839745892444625, 0.11662054000407807, 0.22555119614116848, -0.42697884707013145, -0.2193572088581277, 0.049286901543382555, 0.11710761531139724, 0.07412506284890696, -0.05011820688378066, -0.28201514678949025, 0.021553901460720226, -0.06529602082446218, -0.17454631537839305, -0.11654572522820672, 0.034770512429531664, 0.06481746328063309, -0.19623548808158375, 0.0668755819715443, -0.001476336081395857, 0.13647734216647223, -0.09294141460850369, -0.11995152247254737, 0.10120035399449989, 0.1509864084655419, 0.12852883323648712, -7.637698581675068e-05, 0.11001201413455419, -0.11792333241464803, -0.12276174072758295, 0.4567282153875567, -0.06219024449092103, -0.1181853202288039, 0.25970609625801444, -0.19580303496331908, -0.21143484579806682, 0.053121381730306894, 0.17869908103602938, 0.14772171812364832, -0.16739972704090178, 0.07151980694106896, -0.007434736209688708, 0.17427467717789114, 0.05999804606108228, 0.12441877982928418, 0.19686083845590474, 0.21797133106156252, -0.05850105854915455, 0.06434804736636579, -0.16368866222910583, -0.09387403431355779, -0.3038636518176645, -0.1451743766629079, -0.12929569376865402, 0.027303111317451112, 0.0022108473649495863, -0.033580073330085725, 0.3990294148097746, 0.1971174883074127, 0.14507127209799364, -0.05253593510133214, 0.3163038569036871, 0.0337535793078132, -0.012314221705310047, -0.08745650576020125, 0.268325568176806, 0.2201976822107099, 0.13896906621812377, -0.24633055737649556, 0.03515024288208224, -0.04396100989106344] |
711.4537 | The semiclassical relation between open trajectories and periodic orbits
for the Wigner time delay | The Wigner time delay of a classically chaotic quantum system can be
expressed semiclassically either in terms of pairs of scattering trajectories
that enter and leave the system or in terms of the periodic orbits trapped
inside the system. We show how these two pictures are related on the
semiclassical level. We start from the semiclassical formula with the
scattering trajectories and derive from it all terms in the periodic orbit
formula for the time delay. The main ingredient in this calculation is a new
type of correlation between scattering trajectories which is due to
trajectories that approach the trapped periodic orbits closely. The equivalence
between the two pictures is also demonstrated by considering correlation
functions of the time delay. A corresponding calculation for the conductance
gives no periodic orbit contributions in leading order.
| nlin.CD cond-mat.mes-hall | the wigner time delay of a classically chaotic quantum system can be expressed semiclassically either in terms of pairs of scattering trajectories that enter and leave the system or in terms of the periodic orbits trapped inside the system we show how these two pictures are related on the semiclassical level we start from the semiclassical formula with the scattering trajectories and derive from it all terms in the periodic orbit formula for the time delay the main ingredient in this calculation is a new type of correlation between scattering trajectories which is due to trajectories that approach the trapped periodic orbits closely the equivalence between the two pictures is also demonstrated by considering correlation functions of the time delay a corresponding calculation for the conductance gives no periodic orbit contributions in leading order | [['the', 'wigner', 'time', 'delay', 'of', 'a', 'classically', 'chaotic', 'quantum', 'system', 'can', 'be', 'expressed', 'semiclassically', 'either', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'pairs', 'of', 'scattering', 'trajectories', 'that', 'enter', 'and', 'leave', 'the', 'system', 'or', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'periodic', 'orbits', 'trapped', 'inside', 'the', 'system', 'we', 'show', 'how', 'these', 'two', 'pictures', 'are', 'related', 'on', 'the', 'semiclassical', 'level', 'we', 'start', 'from', 'the', 'semiclassical', 'formula', 'with', 'the', 'scattering', 'trajectories', 'and', 'derive', 'from', 'it', 'all', 'terms', 'in', 'the', 'periodic', 'orbit', 'formula', 'for', 'the', 'time', 'delay', 'the', 'main', 'ingredient', 'in', 'this', 'calculation', 'is', 'a', 'new', 'type', 'of', 'correlation', 'between', 'scattering', 'trajectories', 'which', 'is', 'due', 'to', 'trajectories', 'that', 'approach', 'the', 'trapped', 'periodic', 'orbits', 'closely', 'the', 'equivalence', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'pictures', 'is', 'also', 'demonstrated', 'by', 'considering', 'correlation', 'functions', 'of', 'the', 'time', 'delay', 'a', 'corresponding', 'calculation', 'for', 'the', 'conductance', 'gives', 'no', 'periodic', 'orbit', 'contributions', 'in', 'leading', 'order']] | [-0.186789610023513, 0.15104564317804414, -0.11374240424282026, 0.0836834108731501, 0.03314204630528841, -0.09772636838354615, 0.02770417079211338, 0.32083082039242805, -0.26626132370090916, -0.26327000748289664, 0.05954029172599844, -0.28575359393300404, -0.1685289043269412, 0.2337604078339107, -0.02906554008298901, 0.048847972714244875, 0.09411753784976344, 0.08374791530850552, -0.07618833129266415, -0.22193533521659894, 0.3346896687376577, 0.000540848016050825, 0.20418729293229643, 0.03745005034438487, 0.06889580193483062, 0.04644681470739697, 0.012915192168456182, -0.002093081774342972, -0.09916314881074732, 0.09893892424827469, 0.19238663033874176, 0.06451042642844702, 0.19787814428181902, -0.44387618282726454, -0.15770256213336462, 0.07556234038462724, 0.1578479173224864, 0.12890636092729504, -0.015108299929016172, -0.30685144207621023, 0.023001115574543155, -0.14168864086881947, -0.16742226759096912, -0.055397383104175774, 0.04831799169057118, 0.038213494025282006, -0.20983996678755354, 0.10252312848274074, 0.0606376674693467, -0.001240214166134151, -0.07633140394047125, -0.009218921743284689, -0.0029789244116687065, 0.16694510376268526, 0.061365963100566905, -0.0010808154238203763, 0.07682575975499574, -0.06281113209473942, -0.11574272301878585, 0.4040103502112872, -0.06811627318106118, -0.22181898181729798, 0.17867171965233647, -0.19147114697913292, -0.049244464760813025, 0.17813281065770495, 0.14847067966640218, 0.11532592278194558, -0.17641300798407686, 0.08881179730098611, -0.017671817642594897, 0.14120128292176845, 0.125155483104928, 0.06291389097928751, 0.23315835382386263, 0.09988330002985339, 0.05435981399226767, 0.12793928168543767, -0.07400699576828629, -0.16405403670688062, -0.34600621650912866, -0.13444564453979482, -0.15965575109837132, 0.04295293032539202, -0.06453059880221923, -0.1871435598317367, 0.40028325532243325, 0.12720760487979138, 0.22781853714207215, 0.051289403615623654, 0.2862722861177441, 0.2045148448869169, 0.04633456183277738, 0.053973209081606854, 0.2303132078255902, 0.10801273773584182, 0.06384371854225869, -0.27186914198378576, 0.050278585147001405, 0.11296563210146529] |
711.4538 | On a recent proposal of faster than light quantum communication | In a recent paper, A.Y. Shiekh has discussed an experimental set-up which, in
his opinion, should make possible faster-than-light communication using the
collapse of the quantum wave function. Contrary to the many proposals which
have been presented in the past, he does not resort to an entangled state of
two systems but he works with a single particle in a superposition of two
states - corresponding to its propagation in opposite directions - one of which
goes through an appropriate interferometer. The possibility for an observer
near the interferometer to introduce or not, at his free will, a phase shifter
along one of the paths should allow to change instantaneously the probability
of finding the particle in the far-away region corresponding to the other state
of the superposition and, correspondingly, to change the intensity of a beam of
particles reaching a distant observer. In this paper we show a flaw in the
argument: once more, as it has been proved in full generality a long time ago,
the process of wave packet reduction cannot be used for superluminal
communication.
| quant-ph | in a recent paper ay shiekh has discussed an experimental setup which in his opinion should make possible fasterthanlight communication using the collapse of the quantum wave function contrary to the many proposals which have been presented in the past he does not resort to an entangled state of two systems but he works with a single particle in a superposition of two states corresponding to its propagation in opposite directions one of which goes through an appropriate interferometer the possibility for an observer near the interferometer to introduce or not at his free will a phase shifter along one of the paths should allow to change instantaneously the probability of finding the particle in the faraway region corresponding to the other state of the superposition and correspondingly to change the intensity of a beam of particles reaching a distant observer in this paper we show a flaw in the argument once more as it has been proved in full generality a long time ago the process of wave packet reduction cannot be used for superluminal communication | [['in', 'a', 'recent', 'paper', 'ay', 'shiekh', 'has', 'discussed', 'an', 'experimental', 'setup', 'which', 'in', 'his', 'opinion', 'should', 'make', 'possible', 'fasterthanlight', 'communication', 'using', 'the', 'collapse', 'of', 'the', 'quantum', 'wave', 'function', 'contrary', 'to', 'the', 'many', 'proposals', 'which', 'have', 'been', 'presented', 'in', 'the', 'past', 'he', 'does', 'not', 'resort', 'to', 'an', 'entangled', 'state', 'of', 'two', 'systems', 'but', 'he', 'works', 'with', 'a', 'single', 'particle', 'in', 'a', 'superposition', 'of', 'two', 'states', 'corresponding', 'to', 'its', 'propagation', 'in', 'opposite', 'directions', 'one', 'of', 'which', 'goes', 'through', 'an', 'appropriate', 'interferometer', 'the', 'possibility', 'for', 'an', 'observer', 'near', 'the', 'interferometer', 'to', 'introduce', 'or', 'not', 'at', 'his', 'free', 'will', 'a', 'phase', 'shifter', 'along', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'paths', 'should', 'allow', 'to', 'change', 'instantaneously', 'the', 'probability', 'of', 'finding', 'the', 'particle', 'in', 'the', 'faraway', 'region', 'corresponding', 'to', 'the', 'other', 'state', 'of', 'the', 'superposition', 'and', 'correspondingly', 'to', 'change', 'the', 'intensity', 'of', 'a', 'beam', 'of', 'particles', 'reaching', 'a', 'distant', 'observer', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'show', 'a', 'flaw', 'in', 'the', 'argument', 'once', 'more', 'as', 'it', 'has', 'been', 'proved', 'in', 'full', 'generality', 'a', 'long', 'time', 'ago', 'the', 'process', 'of', 'wave', 'packet', 'reduction', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'used', 'for', 'superluminal', 'communication']] | [-0.12599198606278283, 0.14554851364750826, -0.13143958123453425, 0.022773450971592963, -0.06522949464556019, -0.14581294930776803, 0.0562543852988839, 0.39056885897018817, -0.25064871109243336, -0.2770060838310648, 0.07422975736596532, -0.2577272496938621, -0.08636493997327394, 0.17988830372838482, -0.06393559478729105, 0.05914710284214688, 0.04926504202629045, 0.09774423683046411, -0.04903485226125251, -0.231638763359048, 0.2984800695325001, 0.10036218562755354, 0.26327931199691096, 0.030530536915622863, 0.109862898907882, 0.030008549246894944, 0.008686119879958994, 0.0015442944868430915, -0.07459780309838637, 0.05696529788024313, 0.23944556144181914, 0.14512733917020387, 0.3109760936875801, -0.45065913453571876, -0.24761336539887777, 0.12192605414275227, 0.1780720637942859, 0.17768765330027872, -0.0106744264239494, -0.2971619895191095, 0.01497300302525614, -0.18067702025538152, -0.17025165171046758, 0.02248807747632602, 0.04002727326365795, -0.006626765664645844, -0.2032988831206188, 0.012619680882889336, 0.056326319794381026, -0.01439366381783775, -0.006472028705908385, -0.049382456383631056, 0.006388059519967959, 0.12349067221521952, 0.05530925891687699, 0.06005602438623706, 0.08287790401886075, -0.117097740670624, -0.14193864248161556, 0.3673460472027882, -0.042373802691391745, -0.19063549150454964, 0.18428333658240947, -0.1535455877239892, -0.09870999150825296, 0.1436883714365757, 0.13552581083218931, 0.10665809358654302, -0.14186845179173654, 0.012691426619369074, -0.032282220462625216, 0.16230837323592376, 0.10848992109025098, 0.05278048023192138, 0.23486003551190182, 0.11712784299069205, 0.08499337764460814, 0.107669976376468, -0.0996909753056401, -0.11174150646597115, -0.3076606080104402, -0.20514459860916276, -0.1896265196945455, 0.04399093735568807, -0.003600141033448021, -0.13590202690233702, 0.3873696311950515, 0.15069242530255078, 0.18815838717618735, -0.008472970679618082, 0.2810246368586007, 0.11726979535575535, 0.05294594222069376, 0.05872098008949457, 0.31179475617045166, 0.09011481020804811, 0.1412473793541434, -0.17301509134723977, 0.08140690281453127, 0.00407884372819194] |
711.4539 | Non-Gaussian features of chaotic Hamiltonian transport | Some non-Gaussian aspects of chaotic transport are investigated for a general
class of two-dimensional area-preserving maps. Kurtosis, in particular, is
calculated from the diffusion and the Burnett coefficients, which are obtained
analytically. A characteristic time scale delimiting the onset of the Markovian
regime for the master equation is established. Some explicit examples are
discussed.
| nlin.CD | some nongaussian aspects of chaotic transport are investigated for a general class of twodimensional areapreserving maps kurtosis in particular is calculated from the diffusion and the burnett coefficients which are obtained analytically a characteristic time scale delimiting the onset of the markovian regime for the master equation is established some explicit examples are discussed | [['some', 'nongaussian', 'aspects', 'of', 'chaotic', 'transport', 'are', 'investigated', 'for', 'a', 'general', 'class', 'of', 'twodimensional', 'areapreserving', 'maps', 'kurtosis', 'in', 'particular', 'is', 'calculated', 'from', 'the', 'diffusion', 'and', 'the', 'burnett', 'coefficients', 'which', 'are', 'obtained', 'analytically', 'a', 'characteristic', 'time', 'scale', 'delimiting', 'the', 'onset', 'of', 'the', 'markovian', 'regime', 'for', 'the', 'master', 'equation', 'is', 'established', 'some', 'explicit', 'examples', 'are', 'discussed']] | [-0.15476806912812646, 0.14518619432217544, -0.05518577311670891, 0.13363603698262186, -0.020689891375325346, -0.14914777739128718, -0.051888303822596314, 0.31277316920804205, -0.2902026704202096, -0.16764817240268545, 0.14041532433151993, -0.26569446100189387, -0.1908408713147596, 0.28535271863694545, 0.018079083895793668, 0.10759001324401686, 0.006898912963353925, 0.025749468865493935, -0.07019495689827535, -0.20775310468592648, 0.33305336383205875, 0.008333365001750213, 0.2439841017196024, 0.029300388147088664, 0.12164859815190236, -0.10099855997530674, -0.05182194578702803, 0.03909110524519174, -0.20886534954317743, 0.03380930684161959, 0.24044586490425798, -0.021728897191308164, 0.2301916996948421, -0.37157156766840704, -0.28607250727644123, 0.06812255638134149, 0.1168000299949199, 0.14567263780325582, -0.05416505702143897, -0.30111452174821385, 0.028082719598724333, -0.10092874693132385, -0.17723459990143223, -0.10583152818597025, 0.03737300763734513, 0.06847302437570223, -0.2801705093847381, 0.15217101398027605, 0.06450286393778192, 0.0741900101442028, -0.05526856515832521, -0.09281631850387419, -0.04027516653554307, 0.10323090461531172, 0.01485398275737545, -0.059836940115524664, 0.13318982745382796, -0.13234661485896343, -0.049555864680937874, 0.3522665695356274, -0.05611271559502239, -0.23133530267686755, 0.16602588174174782, -0.1845286773448741, -0.15211481181904674, 0.15762046796994078, 0.12989569576974544, 0.11539622682526156, -0.20452294622858366, 0.13435701456640986, -0.055602487392240656, 0.060463100253535365, 0.06497702607022668, 0.024551242500483232, 0.12256992397898878, 0.11552558125738331, -0.021066062169632426, 0.154270783584151, -0.06720259468312617, -0.20750628713587368, -0.36944848147255405, -0.11555931915494579, -0.1623009047643454, 0.053664740847630635, -0.11522078856419453, -0.16248872978785248, 0.4249117920451142, 0.11408284823927614, 0.1648167286378642, 0.08729650287380165, 0.20731287860070113, 0.22287543919972247, -0.04274063081377082, 0.08390503251683656, 0.20583638845171123, 0.14575181525476552, 0.10423594820140689, -0.226672248617332, 0.08211079411450084, 0.11155822870097365] |
711.454 | High p_T jets in DIS and gamma p at HERA | Recent results on di-jet, inclusive jets, production at high p_T in Deep
Inelastic Scattering DIS and photoproduction gamma p regimes using both the H1
and ZEUS detectors at HERA are presented. Also studies of integrated jet shape
and jet radius dependencies in DIS performed by the ZEUS Collaborations are
discussed. All the measurements are found to be well described by calculations
at the next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. A combined determination of
the value of the strong coupling constant alpha_s(M_Z) from the H1 and ZEUS
Collaborations using inclusive-jet cross-section measurements in neutral
current DIS at high Q^2 is shown.
| hep-ex | recent results on dijet inclusive jets production at high p_t in deep inelastic scattering dis and photoproduction gamma p regimes using both the h1 and zeus detectors at hera are presented also studies of integrated jet shape and jet radius dependencies in dis performed by the zeus collaborations are discussed all the measurements are found to be well described by calculations at the nexttoleading order in perturbative qcd a combined determination of the value of the strong coupling constant alpha_sm_z from the h1 and zeus collaborations using inclusivejet crosssection measurements in neutral current dis at high q2 is shown | [['recent', 'results', 'on', 'dijet', 'inclusive', 'jets', 'production', 'at', 'high', 'p_t', 'in', 'deep', 'inelastic', 'scattering', 'dis', 'and', 'photoproduction', 'gamma', 'p', 'regimes', 'using', 'both', 'the', 'h1', 'and', 'zeus', 'detectors', 'at', 'hera', 'are', 'presented', 'also', 'studies', 'of', 'integrated', 'jet', 'shape', 'and', 'jet', 'radius', 'dependencies', 'in', 'dis', 'performed', 'by', 'the', 'zeus', 'collaborations', 'are', 'discussed', 'all', 'the', 'measurements', 'are', 'found', 'to', 'be', 'well', 'described', 'by', 'calculations', 'at', 'the', 'nexttoleading', 'order', 'in', 'perturbative', 'qcd', 'a', 'combined', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'strong', 'coupling', 'constant', 'alpha_sm_z', 'from', 'the', 'h1', 'and', 'zeus', 'collaborations', 'using', 'inclusivejet', 'crosssection', 'measurements', 'in', 'neutral', 'current', 'dis', 'at', 'high', 'q2', 'is', 'shown']] | [-0.03566482005702012, 0.17384875342343944, -0.10063695280125948, 0.12693681533688284, -0.012018497442977146, -0.048320369393978685, -0.04392117658639421, 0.4048272747207772, -0.17018963713575191, -0.24147649439089378, -0.006123904023564073, -0.4177316271445968, 0.08985518436464998, 0.16765216805012614, 0.15459505642641974, 0.20385848966925735, 0.11511161001493232, -0.06851208709989383, -0.06140214369415936, -0.22326257845829006, 0.3100528899236874, 0.10827191664826717, 0.25563174425953566, 0.18099535877505937, 0.07719209923343075, 0.0904257916539644, -0.13274732430293837, 0.007645655945507866, -0.1730261536978298, 0.03612254865730953, 0.3266726902432062, 0.00884687758022637, 0.0881039658989087, -0.3902807342772833, -0.06916650804700424, 0.00247652129731094, 0.1407363331839066, 0.02929201440337688, -0.06326632860300103, -0.3069629225541245, 0.10451065299261098, -0.2437517937540895, -0.1026494547494245, -0.10134292353941786, -0.01074125342814233, 0.013192766270778998, -0.3332521445823438, 0.09270934968677613, -0.1255399929065577, 0.04709613303272606, -0.021397059369418357, -0.21241015035922478, -0.07758728752025601, 0.012185330996572069, 0.09522888082963875, 0.1605827435745265, 0.16512670928748757, -0.2087497649657907, -0.19395880858799575, 0.28418041620817447, -0.02214958179727987, -0.11805115682731449, 0.14437321857596286, -0.3326007841023231, -0.1615611411433554, 0.15877589862793684, 0.25357559453131573, 0.05982286953884694, -0.18568427123910172, 0.14037017023546275, 0.0022490984358062797, 0.18471596182813171, 0.10541397204735514, 0.02523437563466341, 0.11589493600632807, 0.23540189857547633, -0.08295652750089313, -0.04030632968013636, -0.13235596065748145, -0.03120631283864078, -0.4350252566162986, 0.016365180666925327, -0.06976215563234732, 0.03872386584378252, -0.07773195636033015, -0.0034330866186094064, 0.25836244860965046, 0.0457205128846596, 0.3351007645404098, 0.016195624154249227, 0.3668251798648124, 0.09427810024065578, 0.095128054772927, 0.08180506916886027, 0.3890222508385025, 0.1786853257293879, 0.2043844799962685, -0.22791991637069545, 0.05976405865959635, 0.045458258602373076] |
711.4541 | Einstein-Yang-Mills Solitons: The Role of Gravity | The canonical Bartnik-McKinnon solitons are regular solutions of the coupled
Einstein-Yang-Mills system in which gravity may balance the repulsive nature of
the Yang-Mills field. We examine the role played by gravity in balancing the
system and determine its strength. In particular, we obtain an analytic lower
bound on the fundamental mass-to-radius ratio, max{2m(r)/r}>2/3, which is a
necessary condition for the existence of globally regular Einstein-Yang-Mills
solitons. Our analytical results are in accord with numerical calculations.
| hep-th astro-ph gr-qc | the canonical bartnikmckinnon solitons are regular solutions of the coupled einsteinyangmills system in which gravity may balance the repulsive nature of the yangmills field we examine the role played by gravity in balancing the system and determine its strength in particular we obtain an analytic lower bound on the fundamental masstoradius ratio max2mrr23 which is a necessary condition for the existence of globally regular einsteinyangmills solitons our analytical results are in accord with numerical calculations | [['the', 'canonical', 'bartnikmckinnon', 'solitons', 'are', 'regular', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'coupled', 'einsteinyangmills', 'system', 'in', 'which', 'gravity', 'may', 'balance', 'the', 'repulsive', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'yangmills', 'field', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'role', 'played', 'by', 'gravity', 'in', 'balancing', 'the', 'system', 'and', 'determine', 'its', 'strength', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'obtain', 'an', 'analytic', 'lower', 'bound', 'on', 'the', 'fundamental', 'masstoradius', 'ratio', 'max2mrr23', 'which', 'is', 'a', 'necessary', 'condition', 'for', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'globally', 'regular', 'einsteinyangmills', 'solitons', 'our', 'analytical', 'results', 'are', 'in', 'accord', 'with', 'numerical', 'calculations']] | [-0.2210922175640794, 0.1079994703195061, -0.08623921319943022, 0.09665731410023982, -0.0501998700704929, -0.12588890348686962, -0.02685720130260027, 0.2807021583430469, -0.14285975062867273, -0.2795695104208347, 0.11068378749454545, -0.25488336157758495, -0.17208801198285073, 0.16935356407162003, -0.021397903649690183, 0.012096035746524009, 0.031955735330042, 0.07332583511172719, -0.05919887330634771, -0.22982120269758477, 0.3615982962168149, 0.055632627569139004, 0.25938098358204337, 0.06373785704695242, 0.04552473991832419, -0.030469497785324585, 0.019270275581023982, 0.014722759571127795, -0.21589757411463842, 0.08846326064431688, 0.19916205999214906, 0.05099533336564294, 0.21400193545363239, -0.4494291866218633, -0.19653450254967586, 0.0903242584443777, 0.16885291629728885, 0.11847887485212572, -0.0733094650550393, -0.26957129611558206, 0.06836835521794823, -0.11655021343078162, -0.1797884326314906, -0.0978510991632435, 0.01549458407601845, 0.04220019560307264, -0.2715041403834884, 0.08566409184572261, 0.059813816358360486, 0.008897886336903006, -0.15170655937745814, -0.0563781429805818, -0.06752506692302288, 0.11687498851175848, 0.05252989915331725, 0.020963223374171835, 0.06998499985029166, -0.1703020624023535, -0.0745472567206299, 0.3663635520969291, -0.10705026434860318, -0.24918119845962203, 0.2013468281051295, -0.12393959095021961, -0.09924101703674407, 0.08470017739219239, 0.1449993728232142, 0.15469228466217583, -0.08608418531917236, 0.13606247280620518, -0.07231525320408715, 0.14795933718591728, 0.09028314927441848, 0.040155482981857414, 0.2626260968076216, 0.137850540095462, 0.06282471885552278, 0.13698155218043137, 0.005185063862292147, -0.16860635594993428, -0.34918556918666976, -0.1303299374892565, -0.1281457172338599, 0.03570185765321996, -0.15618144052486232, -0.1690320232065042, 0.34873070132390066, 0.10971633608396342, 0.11239509098231792, 0.05639821189342419, 0.22235080570209068, 0.1706252852659295, -0.0019923996296711266, 0.08595240182822218, 0.3381101578675412, 0.20148375764099025, 0.09047046990284847, -0.29907016601489, -0.03523128208502926, 0.1314908081061534] |
711.4542 | Are Globular Clusters the Remnant Nuclei of Progenitor Disk Galaxies? | The globular cluster system of a typical spheroidal galaxy makes up about
0.25% of the total galaxy mass (McLaughlin 1999). This is roughly the same mass
fraction as contained in the nuclear star clus- ter (or stellar nucleus)
present in most nearby low-mass galaxies. Motivated by this "coincidence", this
Letter discusses a scenario in which globular clusters of present-day galaxies
are the surviving nuclei of the dwarf galaxies that - according to the
hierarchical merging paradigm of galaxy forma- tion - constitute the "building
blocks" of present-day massive galaxies. This scenario, which was first
suggested by Freeman (1993), has become more attractive recently in the light
of studies that demonstrate a complex star formation history in a number of
massive globular clusters.
| astro-ph | the globular cluster system of a typical spheroidal galaxy makes up about 025 of the total galaxy mass mclaughlin 1999 this is roughly the same mass fraction as contained in the nuclear star clus ter or stellar nucleus present in most nearby lowmass galaxies motivated by this coincidence this letter discusses a scenario in which globular clusters of presentday galaxies are the surviving nuclei of the dwarf galaxies that according to the hierarchical merging paradigm of galaxy forma tion constitute the building blocks of presentday massive galaxies this scenario which was first suggested by freeman 1993 has become more attractive recently in the light of studies that demonstrate a complex star formation history in a number of massive globular clusters | [['the', 'globular', 'cluster', 'system', 'of', 'a', 'typical', 'spheroidal', 'galaxy', 'makes', 'up', 'about', '025', 'of', 'the', 'total', 'galaxy', 'mass', 'mclaughlin', '1999', 'this', 'is', 'roughly', 'the', 'same', 'mass', 'fraction', 'as', 'contained', 'in', 'the', 'nuclear', 'star', 'clus', 'ter', 'or', 'stellar', 'nucleus', 'present', 'in', 'most', 'nearby', 'lowmass', 'galaxies', 'motivated', 'by', 'this', 'coincidence', 'this', 'letter', 'discusses', 'a', 'scenario', 'in', 'which', 'globular', 'clusters', 'of', 'presentday', 'galaxies', 'are', 'the', 'surviving', 'nuclei', 'of', 'the', 'dwarf', 'galaxies', 'that', 'according', 'to', 'the', 'hierarchical', 'merging', 'paradigm', 'of', 'galaxy', 'forma', 'tion', 'constitute', 'the', 'building', 'blocks', 'of', 'presentday', 'massive', 'galaxies', 'this', 'scenario', 'which', 'was', 'first', 'suggested', 'by', 'freeman', '1993', 'has', 'become', 'more', 'attractive', 'recently', 'in', 'the', 'light', 'of', 'studies', 'that', 'demonstrate', 'a', 'complex', 'star', 'formation', 'history', 'in', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'massive', 'globular', 'clusters']] | [-0.09041067501044987, 0.08731845486715126, -0.09257581913843752, 0.10263087196993487, -0.09706400706976032, 0.020154891042814902, 0.023192371344581866, 0.3498323335622748, -0.09491377287292077, -0.3768260442962249, -0.011547690304966333, -0.2579472952056676, -0.07984601678520752, 0.18279460197663866, -0.05838809820512931, -0.04274926835496444, 0.07781008994594837, -0.03699033103766851, -0.005570618986772994, -0.3452314280876332, 0.32528888050777216, 0.08225055001288031, 0.13982155239209532, -0.09833766184256092, 0.05800849188429614, -0.0458785802378164, -0.06551287071003269, -0.07593436171937355, -0.13919188314624384, 0.04688564645378695, 0.2408945025720944, 0.15570104285919417, 0.2645191356384506, -0.34885466396808623, -0.21547557501180564, 0.09785371373776192, 0.2673564981785603, 0.05945157767467511, -0.16103947627768017, -0.2782567810888092, 0.0963558644677202, -0.2359072865297397, -0.18729492730926722, 0.1182904258952476, 0.06861366418500742, 0.03741301062206427, -0.1647285478344808, 0.19876291828695686, 0.043821938801556826, 0.014545816617707411, -0.08282947734308739, -0.09618761317397002, -0.022635384147906733, 0.04444328880053945, -0.001391527927868689, 0.09394237218657508, 0.20493604423245415, -0.11910978860687464, -0.01175201243798559, 0.4338188867239902, 0.014702495437813923, 0.053183685668045655, 0.24163002549515417, -0.18573046716240546, -0.24956757236504928, 0.03764037315850146, 0.15335463200851032, 0.10996461658069165, -0.23834617116178075, 0.04535513082907225, -0.06485617970271657, 0.19487208887779464, 0.07840713644012189, 0.024571186500421997, 0.35778611548400174, 0.17045466033644818, 0.038916906085796656, 0.06839943502563983, -0.1629115008826678, -0.06924564026218528, -0.14888148655494055, -0.1460097456855389, -0.14826473287539557, 0.07035858348244801, -0.11362184042033428, -0.11892677878883356, 0.3112797496141866, 0.035345853632315995, 0.25645744121284225, 0.0269376558814353, 0.2733739124028943, 0.028658334637293593, 0.155289935405987, 0.09284415601869114, 0.29424619347167513, 0.19837014025542885, 0.044486153524485414, -0.24911664803512396, 0.05657370527721165, -0.0085403425017527] |
711.4543 | Am stars in binary systems | It is argued that apart from the well known dependence of the Am phenomenon
on the mass, age (effective temperature, gravity) and rotation there is also a
complex dependence on the orbital parameters in binary systems. This is why the
generally accepted scenario in which the Am star rotation plays a unique role
needs to be revisited, the strong correlations between the rotation, orbital
period and eccentricity need to be properly addressed and tidal effects taken
into account. Recent observations of Am stars in binary systems are reviewed.
| astro-ph | it is argued that apart from the well known dependence of the am phenomenon on the mass age effective temperature gravity and rotation there is also a complex dependence on the orbital parameters in binary systems this is why the generally accepted scenario in which the am star rotation plays a unique role needs to be revisited the strong correlations between the rotation orbital period and eccentricity need to be properly addressed and tidal effects taken into account recent observations of am stars in binary systems are reviewed | [['it', 'is', 'argued', 'that', 'apart', 'from', 'the', 'well', 'known', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'am', 'phenomenon', 'on', 'the', 'mass', 'age', 'effective', 'temperature', 'gravity', 'and', 'rotation', 'there', 'is', 'also', 'a', 'complex', 'dependence', 'on', 'the', 'orbital', 'parameters', 'in', 'binary', 'systems', 'this', 'is', 'why', 'the', 'generally', 'accepted', 'scenario', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'am', 'star', 'rotation', 'plays', 'a', 'unique', 'role', 'needs', 'to', 'be', 'revisited', 'the', 'strong', 'correlations', 'between', 'the', 'rotation', 'orbital', 'period', 'and', 'eccentricity', 'need', 'to', 'be', 'properly', 'addressed', 'and', 'tidal', 'effects', 'taken', 'into', 'account', 'recent', 'observations', 'of', 'am', 'stars', 'in', 'binary', 'systems', 'are', 'reviewed']] | [-0.14887652786406266, 0.17751744338734585, -0.11484029990176416, 0.13846935938504015, -0.11297506824220446, -0.09998192567780445, 0.026603450067341328, 0.3575989069332453, -0.23216864115304567, -0.322953089563684, 0.08343471540468851, -0.23661630143496123, -0.12441956226459959, 0.20889515926087784, -0.07972159644123167, -0.007546344835480506, 0.06846318060574545, 0.024996206471273166, -0.04451789450567131, -0.2565975600446109, 0.3167213323600167, 0.06957925284520818, 0.17239908455998043, 0.014580486389935355, 0.053340344353769484, 0.020910663387357174, -0.019248137469152094, 0.024202779078305783, -0.12974115534441147, 0.008944161425461061, 0.21075716938834044, 0.10541730757210065, 0.21432355880229312, -0.3583782642275434, -0.22550385520497168, 0.0499179288334827, 0.14022271822481838, 0.09842113431262657, -0.07792473695801826, -0.22139826042323626, 0.01466182360044596, -0.19630337284285237, -0.1420050128442447, -0.03223403831626373, 0.16124337339583275, -0.008002244163600897, -0.25874198630282824, 0.10948580661352025, 0.1330448326361048, 0.09188287929547104, -0.0994369907579808, -0.12555221809518777, -0.05372835308398036, 0.12265043580819937, 0.1038030319746626, 0.0802128448002887, 0.08804767246130557, -0.05533167598134076, -0.03921325529121201, 0.4267667945770716, -0.03185050855708224, -0.15673083140543234, 0.1831353549588874, -0.17740158225801264, -0.13976827665729533, 0.0743468498793928, 0.15352798414691773, 0.09006062630214728, -0.14753754660275512, 0.0330357363808699, 0.03137136503673074, 0.2102740243532356, 0.011868873944463716, 0.06404964440100064, 0.37208059237507934, 0.14371728340417825, -0.023815859021851793, 0.04104990353119898, -0.12322093235773289, -0.12755402485543693, -0.21532717829739506, -0.0819787526587871, -0.15357212531274522, 0.05646514029517262, -0.05124768971902747, -0.08727230101463977, 0.32246560483260756, 0.13206062535755336, 0.2042289878961376, -0.06658370364642575, 0.27608094009867107, 0.13084809108510276, 0.12296380979403859, 0.07862600783118978, 0.33367369045630435, 0.18981949651127003, 0.10980837758027272, -0.28902912435428746, 0.11791560424370057, -0.0042617721800607715] |
711.4544 | NeXSPheRIO Results on Elliptic-Flow Fluctuations at RHIC | By using the NexSPheRIO code, we study the elliptic-flow fluctuations in
Au+Au collisions at 200A GeV. It is shown that, by fixing the parameters of the
model to correctly reproduce the charged pseudo-rapidity and the
transverse-momentum distributions, reasonable agreement of <v_2> with data is
obtained, both as function of pseudo-rapidity as well as of transverse
momentum, for charged particles. Our results on elliptic-flow fluctuations are
in good agreement with the recently measured data in experiments.
| hep-ph | by using the nexspherio code we study the ellipticflow fluctuations in auau collisions at 200a gev it is shown that by fixing the parameters of the model to correctly reproduce the charged pseudorapidity and the transversemomentum distributions reasonable agreement of v_2 with data is obtained both as function of pseudorapidity as well as of transverse momentum for charged particles our results on ellipticflow fluctuations are in good agreement with the recently measured data in experiments | [['by', 'using', 'the', 'nexspherio', 'code', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'ellipticflow', 'fluctuations', 'in', 'auau', 'collisions', 'at', '200a', 'gev', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'by', 'fixing', 'the', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'to', 'correctly', 'reproduce', 'the', 'charged', 'pseudorapidity', 'and', 'the', 'transversemomentum', 'distributions', 'reasonable', 'agreement', 'of', 'v_2', 'with', 'data', 'is', 'obtained', 'both', 'as', 'function', 'of', 'pseudorapidity', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'of', 'transverse', 'momentum', 'for', 'charged', 'particles', 'our', 'results', 'on', 'ellipticflow', 'fluctuations', 'are', 'in', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'recently', 'measured', 'data', 'in', 'experiments']] | [-0.03601499145695319, 0.19842868260418375, -0.12348498112832507, 0.12186955637298524, 0.08241784011324246, -0.08267103051145872, -0.12229912467300892, 0.38047277261813484, -0.15193329981217782, -0.37820492977897324, -0.04561963384815802, -0.38278289159138995, 0.05540144581997689, 0.2065807355909298, 0.027803191281855107, 0.14897815141826867, 0.14235095462451378, 0.0024662324041128158, -0.032232061767329775, -0.1661030530681213, 0.28545591682816546, 0.16947743140161037, 0.2597996403152744, 0.14036445163811245, 0.08106601351561646, 0.0833152173149089, -0.02480228046576182, 0.07144606998811165, -0.18244340188539354, 0.012368602408484246, 0.2585092936983953, 0.00473380625868837, 0.11639644644533595, -0.31420951093236604, -0.17293871415158113, 0.08993672040601572, 0.1429782557922105, 0.06683936387300492, -0.08390823516684275, -0.26300057242314023, 0.10314814132948716, -0.20345353876550992, -0.11954060945659876, -0.09879880291720232, -0.012483382026354472, 0.11274416668030122, -0.3236756981909275, 0.17932772231288255, -0.0480195963056758, 0.0595676090195775, -0.04622786530603965, -0.16206638981898625, -0.12220246370260913, 0.059419093194107216, 0.15119484202781072, 0.11973262672312558, 0.13834211523334186, -0.13748453421983867, -0.14761321884890397, 0.39780941933393477, -0.045423380366216105, -0.20569151418904463, 0.12768517445152006, -0.24073747339347998, -0.10367559654638171, 0.12503399066627024, 0.20961945718775193, 0.09457333773374557, -0.18336003647496302, 0.04255842134278889, -0.11515790902699033, 0.16747387493650118, 0.0501821875354896, 0.02472142725387433, 0.15295122314244508, 0.1576947318126137, -0.07195150880763929, 0.09565296824555844, -0.0943277379218489, -0.12085280099262793, -0.37356582750876743, -0.08568360229333241, -0.188503209973375, -0.029200782005985578, -0.10259938749775756, -0.04700218863901682, 0.3971267991264661, 0.15484420271900792, 0.3471600477521618, 0.033149979040026666, 0.300719793351988, 0.07270497937065859, 0.0744098645572861, 0.09920220072070758, 0.2839287052427729, 0.1508826051435123, 0.20234918388848502, -0.2295266529545188, 0.05165921313688159, 0.008004581443965436] |
711.4545 | Foncteur de Picard d'un champ alg\'ebrique | In this article we study the Picard functor and the Picard stack of an
algebraic stack. We give a new and direct proof of the representability of the
Picard stack. We prove that it is quasi-separated, and that the connected
component of the identity is proper when the fibers of the stack are
geometrically normal. We study some examples of Picard functors of classical
stacks. In an appendix, we review the lisse-etale cohomology of abelian sheaves
on an algebraic stack.
| math.AG | in this article we study the picard functor and the picard stack of an algebraic stack we give a new and direct proof of the representability of the picard stack we prove that it is quasiseparated and that the connected component of the identity is proper when the fibers of the stack are geometrically normal we study some examples of picard functors of classical stacks in an appendix we review the lisseetale cohomology of abelian sheaves on an algebraic stack | [['in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'picard', 'functor', 'and', 'the', 'picard', 'stack', 'of', 'an', 'algebraic', 'stack', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'new', 'and', 'direct', 'proof', 'of', 'the', 'representability', 'of', 'the', 'picard', 'stack', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'quasiseparated', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'connected', 'component', 'of', 'the', 'identity', 'is', 'proper', 'when', 'the', 'fibers', 'of', 'the', 'stack', 'are', 'geometrically', 'normal', 'we', 'study', 'some', 'examples', 'of', 'picard', 'functors', 'of', 'classical', 'stacks', 'in', 'an', 'appendix', 'we', 'review', 'the', 'lisseetale', 'cohomology', 'of', 'abelian', 'sheaves', 'on', 'an', 'algebraic', 'stack']] | [-0.22003164758929347, -0.013505503209049908, -0.12574766021327977, 0.06655075448960113, -0.10033595149369934, -0.08554660415135418, 0.02027485275617506, 0.3645015504164032, -0.3963954817102868, -0.18023951398798183, 0.11829225299143102, -0.22989000378344562, -0.1506175386919817, 0.22945172386833385, -0.22451442667530686, -0.09626863318012108, 0.011352965219205693, 0.05428738386924319, -0.07048886816630352, -0.36251678350794164, 0.5007963501199891, -0.04258696792670821, 0.2571814336542842, 0.05670796899431491, 0.1471031824645551, -0.002028672920563553, -0.0288839380881643, -0.034020952562082415, -0.1397693443616419, 0.16717254392260425, 0.3092011068063446, 0.03823206653594499, 0.15098067130186135, -0.4358810174125659, -0.06901712599505164, 0.13497620476763458, 0.1070599134516301, 0.06683950492805696, -0.01516121854162716, -0.23373835787318553, 0.15765070284516375, -0.2011381782461665, -0.1439472686298946, -0.08083610843772752, 0.04122880669428578, 0.07198007782638262, -0.15032725633841149, -0.11273358955012658, 0.09355720216585205, 0.18416564706477184, -0.061351838126731444, -0.041430201237030985, -0.06483517004813574, 0.0639074652008506, 0.0020758229001319106, -0.005058082068173946, 0.11105813963237053, -0.13536783131841523, -0.08122421167437223, 0.33200038742580557, -0.07153747232536538, -0.1486570910326665, 0.1431741748311663, -0.04411201083242799, -0.13203499253391277, 0.11368742646484435, 0.06404958776186538, 0.22358717566025973, 0.005946135079698885, 0.1706864851257245, -0.17169757859333407, 0.1336416556747465, 0.026373683080030016, -0.00539031123766039, 0.07345369162297324, 0.14852029732074826, 0.06350440853805858, 0.14913011501437123, -0.034508164627241746, -0.004624777815387219, -0.4242545758621602, -0.30032797261506694, -0.057911080968436564, 0.17563978127569338, -0.07474126423104177, -0.18581018620465375, 0.4363783346606961, 0.10459371741280502, 0.180187970906779, 0.129490742139659, 0.3232350137226189, 0.056515969630755204, 0.0028367230986964097, 0.010265840889438044, 0.16308001633564045, 0.24969682436955126, -0.06031718717510753, -0.09923832969079856, -0.05048484698268054, 0.21459051747983204] |
711.4546 | On Black Holes and Cosmological Constant in Noncommutative Gauge Theory
of Gravity | Deformed Reissner-Nordstr\"om, as well as Reissner-Nordstr\"om de Sitter,
solutions are obtained in a noncommutative gauge theory of gravitation. The
gauge potentials (tetrad fields) and the components of deformed metric are
calculated to second order in the noncommutativity parameter. The solutions
reduce to the deformed Schwarzschild ones when the electric charge of the
gravitational source and the cosmological constant vanish. Corrections to the
thermodynamical quantities of the corresponding black holes and to the radii of
different horizons have been determined. All the independent invariants, such
as the Ricci scalar and the so-called Kretschmann scalar, have the same
singularity structure as the ones of the usual undeformed case and no smearing
of singularities occurs. The possibility of such a smearing is discussed. In
the noncommutative case we have a local disturbance of the geometry around the
source, although asymptotically at large distances it becomes flat.
| hep-th gr-qc | deformed reissnernordstrom as well as reissnernordstrom de sitter solutions are obtained in a noncommutative gauge theory of gravitation the gauge potentials tetrad fields and the components of deformed metric are calculated to second order in the noncommutativity parameter the solutions reduce to the deformed schwarzschild ones when the electric charge of the gravitational source and the cosmological constant vanish corrections to the thermodynamical quantities of the corresponding black holes and to the radii of different horizons have been determined all the independent invariants such as the ricci scalar and the socalled kretschmann scalar have the same singularity structure as the ones of the usual undeformed case and no smearing of singularities occurs the possibility of such a smearing is discussed in the noncommutative case we have a local disturbance of the geometry around the source although asymptotically at large distances it becomes flat | [['deformed', 'reissnernordstrom', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'reissnernordstrom', 'de', 'sitter', 'solutions', 'are', 'obtained', 'in', 'a', 'noncommutative', 'gauge', 'theory', 'of', 'gravitation', 'the', 'gauge', 'potentials', 'tetrad', 'fields', 'and', 'the', 'components', 'of', 'deformed', 'metric', 'are', 'calculated', 'to', 'second', 'order', 'in', 'the', 'noncommutativity', 'parameter', 'the', 'solutions', 'reduce', 'to', 'the', 'deformed', 'schwarzschild', 'ones', 'when', 'the', 'electric', 'charge', 'of', 'the', 'gravitational', 'source', 'and', 'the', 'cosmological', 'constant', 'vanish', 'corrections', 'to', 'the', 'thermodynamical', 'quantities', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'black', 'holes', 'and', 'to', 'the', 'radii', 'of', 'different', 'horizons', 'have', 'been', 'determined', 'all', 'the', 'independent', 'invariants', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'ricci', 'scalar', 'and', 'the', 'socalled', 'kretschmann', 'scalar', 'have', 'the', 'same', 'singularity', 'structure', 'as', 'the', 'ones', 'of', 'the', 'usual', 'undeformed', 'case', 'and', 'no', 'smearing', 'of', 'singularities', 'occurs', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'smearing', 'is', 'discussed', 'in', 'the', 'noncommutative', 'case', 'we', 'have', 'a', 'local', 'disturbance', 'of', 'the', 'geometry', 'around', 'the', 'source', 'although', 'asymptotically', 'at', 'large', 'distances', 'it', 'becomes', 'flat']] | [-0.16456452097704674, 0.13993368062135353, -0.08486521597365504, 0.1359940941870486, -0.07639222550433833, -0.12079435151877936, -0.07806281975740763, 0.2931556508687514, -0.20389401071893792, -0.26673146221750915, 0.08347145415650407, -0.318340520218171, -0.09436980301312373, 0.13413356067417384, -0.03894825423644348, 0.05561129154858889, -0.05019715792740454, 0.09421477102433572, -0.13521775173453185, -0.23292858125413995, 0.40010502343098603, 0.10600456584593398, 0.23103832378592734, 0.017570427817559534, 0.0923850568779907, -0.021445822648026726, 6.488259308613263e-05, 0.06447176048792638, -0.13565558945056755, 0.02380561425799986, 0.19533428200357755, 0.0670524138107654, 0.17628727062488092, -0.3833085327585052, -0.22806514627658403, 0.10521989344729932, 0.13713228342390352, 0.16361771437170153, -0.02389377019680724, -0.313787624471124, 0.062370403461366686, -0.17434695934863775, -0.199273804177846, -0.056289510019905085, 0.03312876846940888, -0.021086816571757094, -0.1838366205472714, 0.10112895080624344, 0.04629125107255588, -0.023639232232854083, -0.11578741374301847, -0.08243669329172039, -0.08328978089661292, 0.11093022108954781, 0.16081779530122095, 0.034459790081384924, 0.16919783838223534, -0.12436735311236519, -0.07702558453624639, 0.3848375472259688, -0.06541661211123391, -0.25514373661509804, 0.11338651345691064, -0.19207642882267809, -0.0864922390563635, 0.09880859315740531, 0.10103895959047067, 0.19817559028669565, -0.10364006267678581, 0.19931437000689273, 0.03930609510931467, 0.09378688149251878, 0.17447813612024685, 0.07244578302411324, 0.27250136191455215, 0.02511999620632692, 0.04718341106190501, 0.12403795050157533, -0.041256806673156426, -0.1449177117393046, -0.3835424925819352, -0.14150987884153488, -0.15183673058294567, 0.08399727468385354, -0.1963310206167105, -0.22780563246452257, 0.3501709815362221, 0.06838893953228851, 0.1782376870099403, 0.01638923471441844, 0.24241826925366172, 0.10803042662938914, 0.09476546378044243, 0.06800190300413675, 0.35497100338815235, 0.16504087226491396, 0.13336746904256563, -0.21775453183755206, -0.08018762448971922, 0.09799018649911911] |
711.4547 | Extremal Black Hole and Flux Vacua Attractors | These lectures provide a pedagogical, introductory review of the so-called
Attractor Mechanism (AM) at work in two different 4-dimensional frameworks:
extremal black holes in N=2 supergravity and N=1 flux compactifications. In the
first case, AM determines the stabilization of scalars at the black hole event
horizon purely in terms of the electric and magnetic charges, whereas in the
second context the AM is responsible for the stabilization of the universal
axion-dilaton and of the (complex structure) moduli purely in terms of the RR
and NSNS fluxes. Two equivalent approaches to AM, namely the so-called
``criticality conditions'' and ``New Attractor'' ones, are analyzed in detail
in both frameworks, whose analogies and differences are discussed. Also a
stringy analysis of both frameworks (relying on Hodge-decomposition techniques)
is performed, respectively considering Type IIB compactified on $CY_{3}$ and
its orientifolded version, associated with $\frac{CY_{3}\times
T^{2}}{\mathbb{Z}_{2}}$. Finally, recent results on the U-duality orbits and
moduli spaces of non-BPS extremal black hole attractors in $3\leqslant
N\leqslant 8$, d=4 supergravities are reported.
| hep-th | these lectures provide a pedagogical introductory review of the socalled attractor mechanism am at work in two different 4dimensional frameworks extremal black holes in n2 supergravity and n1 flux compactifications in the first case am determines the stabilization of scalars at the black hole event horizon purely in terms of the electric and magnetic charges whereas in the second context the am is responsible for the stabilization of the universal axiondilaton and of the complex structure moduli purely in terms of the rr and nsns fluxes two equivalent approaches to am namely the socalled criticality conditions and new attractor ones are analyzed in detail in both frameworks whose analogies and differences are discussed also a stringy analysis of both frameworks relying on hodgedecomposition techniques is performed respectively considering type iib compactified on cy_3 and its orientifolded version associated with fraccy_3times t2mathbbz_2 finally recent results on the uduality orbits and moduli spaces of nonbps extremal black hole attractors in 3leqslant nleqslant 8 d4 supergravities are reported | [['these', 'lectures', 'provide', 'a', 'pedagogical', 'introductory', 'review', 'of', 'the', 'socalled', 'attractor', 'mechanism', 'am', 'at', 'work', 'in', 'two', 'different', '4dimensional', 'frameworks', 'extremal', 'black', 'holes', 'in', 'n2', 'supergravity', 'and', 'n1', 'flux', 'compactifications', 'in', 'the', 'first', 'case', 'am', 'determines', 'the', 'stabilization', 'of', 'scalars', 'at', 'the', 'black', 'hole', 'event', 'horizon', 'purely', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'electric', 'and', 'magnetic', 'charges', 'whereas', 'in', 'the', 'second', 'context', 'the', 'am', 'is', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'stabilization', 'of', 'the', 'universal', 'axiondilaton', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'complex', 'structure', 'moduli', 'purely', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'rr', 'and', 'nsns', 'fluxes', 'two', 'equivalent', 'approaches', 'to', 'am', 'namely', 'the', 'socalled', 'criticality', 'conditions', 'and', 'new', 'attractor', 'ones', 'are', 'analyzed', 'in', 'detail', 'in', 'both', 'frameworks', 'whose', 'analogies', 'and', 'differences', 'are', 'discussed', 'also', 'a', 'stringy', 'analysis', 'of', 'both', 'frameworks', 'relying', 'on', 'hodgedecomposition', 'techniques', 'is', 'performed', 'respectively', 'considering', 'type', 'iib', 'compactified', 'on', 'cy_3', 'and', 'its', 'orientifolded', 'version', 'associated', 'with', 'fraccy_3times', 't2mathbbz_2', 'finally', 'recent', 'results', 'on', 'the', 'uduality', 'orbits', 'and', 'moduli', 'spaces', 'of', 'nonbps', 'extremal', 'black', 'hole', 'attractors', 'in', '3leqslant', 'nleqslant', '8', 'd4', 'supergravities', 'are', 'reported']] | [-0.15096479225789478, 0.12519316937762992, -0.024013963167661332, 0.13861612469512125, -0.053478135977317494, -0.16607903021507742, -0.009626264777463044, 0.2873842755683978, -0.12628968829357642, -0.26714974594091073, 0.1507092513482549, -0.29674924640956285, -0.15908946022619866, 0.18072297829174738, -0.1134655468031604, -0.0032800976333402644, -0.009323882778957944, 0.036740661701051794, -0.10294232314361111, -0.2860430363334281, 0.3795314792563647, 0.01201380828204079, 0.27159950280693457, -0.007962729287636609, 0.0802990962269836, -0.030128315642498935, -0.03251275168949641, 0.023007448531253024, -0.15115282683685227, 0.1339463683436596, 0.2227600304684116, 0.0843970834147585, 0.11833497799947776, -0.43309308078848513, -0.1759092656101323, 0.08175218002185043, 0.16527103884374164, 0.10568495126111872, -0.033877618632999255, -0.2487425613402749, 0.06958858998480932, -0.16019768498486558, -0.14586312076408256, -0.0637216374300923, 0.07656459364557262, -0.020528224445422367, -0.19124825729772826, 0.07004738363785172, 0.0796218024669615, 0.04984591082824063, -0.1382510766502687, -0.10055567634911876, -0.08054869619420975, 0.052956625773497155, 0.1282730899019841, 0.012245261130363115, 0.1230156309417009, -0.1394221014943134, -0.1879224939660335, 0.3410326431082573, -0.030765611514451976, -0.18721413123849895, 0.1647202086862051, -0.14604033026815694, -0.17315466740551444, 0.08456660980470136, 0.11840996583795141, 0.20608609666236521, -0.12096293905408527, 0.19274524263637655, 0.04566142587291157, 0.09533859220579084, 0.10015625535207658, 0.07023067576553604, 0.2941503268295179, 0.1286696444802626, -0.01750998107603597, 0.11903215427897254, -0.030998103988022642, -0.13806558841020955, -0.37876849955210656, -0.11316418480356595, -0.0808868382248936, 0.09196705534051464, -0.1469735563325587, -0.1581565714291257, 0.3774908954403335, 0.05352655838763604, 0.17405872289776986, -0.004853448156335968, 0.18700695945856757, 0.0441787676354356, 0.004211387661302839, 0.07403968919734213, 0.29453369806609203, 0.13927854138049384, 0.1370510605700954, -0.21721201269559567, -0.0950939288238589, 0.1932761786645564] |
711.4548 | The underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2005bl and the class of objects
similar to SN 1991bg | Optical observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2005bl in NGC 4070,
obtained from -6 to +66 d with respect to the B-band maximum, are presented.
The photometric evolution is characterised by rapidly-declining light curves
and red colours at peak and soon thereafter. With M_B,max = -17.24 the SN is an
underluminous SN Ia, similar to the peculiar SNe 1991bg and 1999by. This
similarity also holds for the spectroscopic appearance, the only remarkable
difference being the likely presence of carbon in pre-maximum spectra of SN
2005bl. A comparison study among underluminous SNe Ia is performed, based on a
number of spectrophotometric parameters. Previously reported correlations of
the light-curve decline rate with peak luminosity and R(Si) are confirmed, and
a large range of post-maximum Si II lambda6355 velocity gradients is
encountered. 1D synthetic spectra for SN 2005bl are presented, which confirm
the presence of carbon and suggest an overall low burning efficiency with a
significant amount of leftover unburned material. Also, the Fe content in
pre-maximum spectra is very low, which may point to a low metallicity of the
precursor. Implications for possible progenitor scenarios of underluminous SNe
Ia are briefly discussed.
| astro-ph | optical observations of the type ia supernova sn ia 2005bl in ngc 4070 obtained from 6 to 66 d with respect to the bband maximum are presented the photometric evolution is characterised by rapidlydeclining light curves and red colours at peak and soon thereafter with m_bmax 1724 the sn is an underluminous sn ia similar to the peculiar sne 1991bg and 1999by this similarity also holds for the spectroscopic appearance the only remarkable difference being the likely presence of carbon in premaximum spectra of sn 2005bl a comparison study among underluminous sne ia is performed based on a number of spectrophotometric parameters previously reported correlations of the lightcurve decline rate with peak luminosity and rsi are confirmed and a large range of postmaximum si ii lambda6355 velocity gradients is encountered 1d synthetic spectra for sn 2005bl are presented which confirm the presence of carbon and suggest an overall low burning efficiency with a significant amount of leftover unburned material also the fe content in premaximum spectra is very low which may point to a low metallicity of the precursor implications for possible progenitor scenarios of underluminous sne ia are briefly discussed | [['optical', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'type', 'ia', 'supernova', 'sn', 'ia', '2005bl', 'in', 'ngc', '4070', 'obtained', 'from', '6', 'to', '66', 'd', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'the', 'bband', 'maximum', 'are', 'presented', 'the', 'photometric', 'evolution', 'is', 'characterised', 'by', 'rapidlydeclining', 'light', 'curves', 'and', 'red', 'colours', 'at', 'peak', 'and', 'soon', 'thereafter', 'with', 'm_bmax', '1724', 'the', 'sn', 'is', 'an', 'underluminous', 'sn', 'ia', 'similar', 'to', 'the', 'peculiar', 'sne', '1991bg', 'and', '1999by', 'this', 'similarity', 'also', 'holds', 'for', 'the', 'spectroscopic', 'appearance', 'the', 'only', 'remarkable', 'difference', 'being', 'the', 'likely', 'presence', 'of', 'carbon', 'in', 'premaximum', 'spectra', 'of', 'sn', 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711.4549 | Hydrogen Isocyanide in Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (Fragment B) | We present a sensitive 3-sigma upper limit of 1.1% for the HNC/HCN abundance
ratio in comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (Fragment B), obtained on May 10-11,
2006 using Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). This limit is a factor of
~7 lower than the values measured previously in moderately active comets at 1
AU from the Sun. Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann was depleted in most volatile
species, except of HCN. The low HNC/HCN ratio thus argues against HNC
production from polymers produced from HCN. However, thermal degradation of
macromolecules, or polymers, produced from ammonia and carbon compounds, such
as acetylene, methane, or ethane appears a plausible explanation for the
observed variations of the HNC/HCN ratio in moderately active comets, including
the very low ratio in comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann reported here. Similar
polymers have been invoked previously to explain anomalous 14N/15N ratios
measured in cometary CN.
| astro-ph | we present a sensitive 3sigma upper limit of 11 for the hnchcn abundance ratio in comet 73pschwassmannwachmann fragment b obtained on may 1011 2006 using caltech submillimeter observatory cso this limit is a factor of 7 lower than the values measured previously in moderately active comets at 1 au from the sun comet 73pschwassmannwachmann was depleted in most volatile species except of hcn the low hnchcn ratio thus argues against hnc production from polymers produced from hcn however thermal degradation of macromolecules or polymers produced from ammonia and carbon compounds such as acetylene methane or ethane appears a plausible explanation for the observed variations of the hnchcn ratio in moderately active comets including the very low ratio in comet 73pschwassmannwachmann reported here similar polymers have been invoked previously to explain anomalous 14n15n ratios measured in cometary cn | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'sensitive', '3sigma', 'upper', 'limit', 'of', '11', 'for', 'the', 'hnchcn', 'abundance', 'ratio', 'in', 'comet', '73pschwassmannwachmann', 'fragment', 'b', 'obtained', 'on', 'may', '1011', '2006', 'using', 'caltech', 'submillimeter', 'observatory', 'cso', 'this', 'limit', 'is', 'a', 'factor', 'of', '7', 'lower', 'than', 'the', 'values', 'measured', 'previously', 'in', 'moderately', 'active', 'comets', 'at', '1', 'au', 'from', 'the', 'sun', 'comet', '73pschwassmannwachmann', 'was', 'depleted', 'in', 'most', 'volatile', 'species', 'except', 'of', 'hcn', 'the', 'low', 'hnchcn', 'ratio', 'thus', 'argues', 'against', 'hnc', 'production', 'from', 'polymers', 'produced', 'from', 'hcn', 'however', 'thermal', 'degradation', 'of', 'macromolecules', 'or', 'polymers', 'produced', 'from', 'ammonia', 'and', 'carbon', 'compounds', 'such', 'as', 'acetylene', 'methane', 'or', 'ethane', 'appears', 'a', 'plausible', 'explanation', 'for', 'the', 'observed', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'hnchcn', 'ratio', 'in', 'moderately', 'active', 'comets', 'including', 'the', 'very', 'low', 'ratio', 'in', 'comet', '73pschwassmannwachmann', 'reported', 'here', 'similar', 'polymers', 'have', 'been', 'invoked', 'previously', 'to', 'explain', 'anomalous', '14n15n', 'ratios', 'measured', 'in', 'cometary', 'cn']] | [-0.036382003067006924, 0.16429325348160562, 0.0017588852506843023, 0.06655098741914886, 0.07781192617759408, -0.12676008780534467, 0.06485841588803777, 0.380207307045314, -0.10805594454940926, -0.3492871989244527, 0.046843860291597185, -0.2906598119833337, -0.06037999188228354, 0.11514215160247931, -0.0635024458781755, 0.0027546568079125032, 0.03862812327914429, -0.10172173993349293, 0.026355806520603, -0.17233087574080802, 0.13158064128246402, 0.1393440081601976, 0.14526799814367708, 0.04832541389241271, 0.037751635794874526, -0.18694259507375952, -0.016518241961666784, -0.05548068964649944, -0.14681111290765397, 0.07320087506218276, 0.26510528829050706, 0.053670088940701126, 0.08804092729926435, -0.39414207611477725, -0.2022066811222012, 0.10581448438312233, 0.16364612668943013, 0.03184902278900174, -0.02007287686153648, -0.24046197457215238, 0.03523483321862635, -0.19181460102537415, -0.16332309924229219, 0.07465246794301333, 0.13657186569197335, -0.002071098129632101, -0.2365106336473331, 0.12448704819854377, -0.011779134708157585, 0.18575388853872418, -0.1437934652365146, -0.29261012502137, -0.08219876030738717, 0.03724986278744292, 0.06568959414751616, 0.039103175836350146, 0.2731203075913019, -0.08463388536105028, -0.013985805942534204, 0.4448001365836737, -0.18955520934641554, 0.0036018595616095256, 0.30037962718710415, -0.22059042941452595, -0.27727262789968155, 0.27818654422192785, 0.11517041459863149, 0.15365482057635094, -0.1414570646499875, -0.008586328571839054, -0.06874930988113484, 0.23991986147610703, 0.159717159359342, 0.05343573130871149, 0.2589095691074515, 0.15160280153202912, -0.009844513508035753, 0.13013113995191444, -0.24200751299181286, -0.03593223865728581, -0.12415247708287118, -0.14597197829229064, -0.12599644553337763, 0.10302305382499675, -0.10975211416530495, -0.044194169865961926, 0.20483621309110284, 0.0794487219472946, 0.23977151642261196, 0.008226504765219824, 0.2827716716837111, 0.027151884421889746, 0.09178150068827476, 0.06286389814021855, 0.3718549658367614, 0.12574784365910902, 0.151922978933248, -0.18619345557828346, 0.21882167323764387, 0.02963814288326777] |
711.455 | Equivariance, Variational Principles, and the Feynman Integral | We argue that the variational calculus leading to Euler's equations and
Noether's theorem can be replaced by equivariance and invariance conditions
avoiding the action integral. We also speculate about the origin of Lagrangian
theories in physics and their connection to Feynman's integral.
| math-ph math.MP | we argue that the variational calculus leading to eulers equations and noethers theorem can be replaced by equivariance and invariance conditions avoiding the action integral we also speculate about the origin of lagrangian theories in physics and their connection to feynmans integral | [['we', 'argue', 'that', 'the', 'variational', 'calculus', 'leading', 'to', 'eulers', 'equations', 'and', 'noethers', 'theorem', 'can', 'be', 'replaced', 'by', 'equivariance', 'and', 'invariance', 'conditions', 'avoiding', 'the', 'action', 'integral', 'we', 'also', 'speculate', 'about', 'the', 'origin', 'of', 'lagrangian', 'theories', 'in', 'physics', 'and', 'their', 'connection', 'to', 'feynmans', 'integral']] | [-0.15808156030696063, 0.11749616116728812, -0.19960646300266185, 0.15280670949834443, -0.21451739416391188, -0.08905738847152818, 0.024913182723269398, 0.319554560108199, -0.3499558012755144, -0.30776618008634876, 0.1012832289644783, -0.20704478621926337, -0.18077110166528396, 0.1171926493046894, -0.14422083060656274, 0.022496545776015238, 0.029114012052083298, 0.0390738926473118, -0.13200151740152033, -0.20330666182729015, 0.33573497139981817, 0.016106230107003024, 0.18595932557114533, 0.1072236021004972, 0.16390029103716924, 0.020860109167794388, -0.03492525412834117, -0.004159869382246619, -0.13711687402021544, 0.13559230128746658, 0.19912909827239456, 0.10997883186376255, 0.2255770401097834, -0.49949951257024494, -0.17379315359340536, 0.07662703176694256, 0.09699798292214316, 0.08108076790258997, 0.02177126027111496, -0.3462147290729696, 0.05394208364720855, -0.12876226389337153, -0.24846180462988005, -0.1204978637508161, -0.009940694707135359, -0.02777132826546828, -0.19400204506347932, 0.09004388420518288, 0.1175253668777822, 0.06774003510474272, -0.09037841273294318, -0.06574316178670242, 0.00414435341233565, 0.03744536061726865, 0.12200961500916276, 0.05020412424623612, 0.10193469293326848, -0.16612195724710113, -0.14347437023007797, 0.40977072888719185, -0.022906685735852944, -0.2609057006581376, 0.1233435088679904, -0.12562304933644122, -0.1987999202683568, 0.05629210064320692, 0.05571506065981729, 0.13279678807677037, -0.1769149098545313, 0.12357773268013261, -0.013653503886113564, 0.05909661354408378, 0.1265829906721289, 0.03336296656302044, 0.16050750469522818, -0.002087114866645563, 0.036689941749154104, 0.07716233518052225, 0.0033355534486916093, -0.18569158673996017, -0.3998500352193202, -0.2118898521723514, -0.11464668874673191, 0.14649515255864354, -0.09696090597156269, -0.09405589701297383, 0.28007796136218877, 0.20005730627148988, 0.08269820150564469, 0.09980726064670653, 0.19566447460757835, 0.22576238285927547, 0.1051965664706326, 0.044848981978637834, 0.2069197847186366, 0.21418817035876037, 0.0776535943261392, -0.20931203885646982, -0.03827800485305488, 0.22701032674827037] |
711.4551 | Universality of large N phase transitions in Wilson loop operators in
two and three dimensions | The eigenvalue distribution of a Wilson loop operator of fixed shape
undergoes a transition under scaling at infinite N. We derive a large N scaling
function in a double scaling limit of the average characteristic polynomial
associated with the Wilson loop operator in two dimensional QCD. We hypothesize
that the transition in three and four dimensional large N QCD are also in the
same universality class and provide a numerical test for our hypothesis in
three dimensions.
| hep-th hep-lat | the eigenvalue distribution of a wilson loop operator of fixed shape undergoes a transition under scaling at infinite n we derive a large n scaling function in a double scaling limit of the average characteristic polynomial associated with the wilson loop operator in two dimensional qcd we hypothesize that the transition in three and four dimensional large n qcd are also in the same universality class and provide a numerical test for our hypothesis in three dimensions | [['the', 'eigenvalue', 'distribution', 'of', 'a', 'wilson', 'loop', 'operator', 'of', 'fixed', 'shape', 'undergoes', 'a', 'transition', 'under', 'scaling', 'at', 'infinite', 'n', 'we', 'derive', 'a', 'large', 'n', 'scaling', 'function', 'in', 'a', 'double', 'scaling', 'limit', 'of', 'the', 'average', 'characteristic', 'polynomial', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'wilson', 'loop', 'operator', 'in', 'two', 'dimensional', 'qcd', 'we', 'hypothesize', 'that', 'the', 'transition', 'in', 'three', 'and', 'four', 'dimensional', 'large', 'n', 'qcd', 'are', 'also', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'universality', 'class', 'and', 'provide', 'a', 'numerical', 'test', 'for', 'our', 'hypothesis', 'in', 'three', 'dimensions']] | [-0.15512545682586631, 0.1959142251448198, -0.09272664134215274, 0.05819207616150379, 0.033456043627524336, -0.15083480020985007, 0.04309957845184904, 0.3286696275236545, -0.18661150287582792, -0.2441953663931942, 0.0907153497017654, -0.29174854278612833, -0.13185498728900663, 0.1330381825161106, 0.05186500715382107, 0.11481341285413349, 0.015970427936015576, 0.07061004899661419, -0.124372035987651, -0.20248786017734122, 0.36575605944040923, -0.04071851536728345, 0.26870628422150367, 0.05999113070436862, 0.08341854129155929, -0.05219875803935816, -0.0016835360219339271, 0.04857365429014355, -0.08505784805802487, 0.053225242919832855, 0.19170848145482264, 0.027788018021587427, 0.20978466747933394, -0.3612795610513006, -0.16484138078068372, 0.10365898108303354, 0.18439328744886563, 0.04620383714942576, -0.01324082026862866, -0.18755101243203337, 0.06192920007440564, -0.16687321567351554, -0.19808220299710702, -0.043733308079664586, 0.030284006245337523, -0.039308781771884335, -0.33244709862855737, 0.056613492957458454, 0.03661024251154491, 0.0817912199183718, -0.013754362742380276, -0.12097583295680679, 0.03880135867103644, 0.13002130232582038, 0.01949421583686943, 0.00695898292537827, 0.059509303227260515, -0.14722864292565788, -0.13514347269211885, 0.3591353563325746, -0.09722088533756021, -0.20214940278561083, 0.15274550512965238, -0.26618293202300736, -0.22786419118403808, 0.11956866172065976, 0.16446469179898887, 0.11688234338948092, -0.08829045053813364, 0.14628302698876322, -0.08373235744218548, 0.12879236151355428, 0.07772244088799245, -0.01770776022201428, 0.17699245791640375, 0.1369265656761051, 0.04362411515230869, 0.19513691768243716, -0.07532484369887668, -0.15589157498574682, -0.38969314683760914, -0.15458777122344677, -0.17466924606834527, 0.10375220200966125, -0.2278990140604309, -0.2177171940830621, 0.37087751842744937, 0.12948974175227493, 0.26902165723504956, 0.13087969382184667, 0.21081591744653203, 0.16478765671982054, 0.07046176573600281, 0.08523250720161316, 0.1775619713226696, 0.10593459843778862, 0.07199976382801285, -0.2741691153617455, -0.04885126192533931, 0.1733160792100062] |
711.4552 | Two-electron bunching in transport through a QD induced by Kondo
correlations | We report on noise measurements in a quantum dot in the presence of Kondo
correlations. Close to the unitary limit, with the conductance reaching
1.8e2/h, we observed an average backscattered charge of e*~5e/3, while weakly
biasing the quantum dot. This result held to bias voltages up to half the Kondo
temperature. Away from the unitary limit, the charge was measured to be e as
expected. These results confirm and extend the prediction by E. Sela et al.
[1], that suggested that two-electron backscattering processes dominate over
single-electron backscattering processes near the unitary limit, with an
average backscattered charge e*~5e/3.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | we report on noise measurements in a quantum dot in the presence of kondo correlations close to the unitary limit with the conductance reaching 18e2h we observed an average backscattered charge of e5e3 while weakly biasing the quantum dot this result held to bias voltages up to half the kondo temperature away from the unitary limit the charge was measured to be e as expected these results confirm and extend the prediction by e sela et al 1 that suggested that twoelectron backscattering processes dominate over singleelectron backscattering processes near the unitary limit with an average backscattered charge e5e3 | [['we', 'report', 'on', 'noise', 'measurements', 'in', 'a', 'quantum', 'dot', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'kondo', 'correlations', 'close', 'to', 'the', 'unitary', 'limit', 'with', 'the', 'conductance', 'reaching', '18e2h', 'we', 'observed', 'an', 'average', 'backscattered', 'charge', 'of', 'e5e3', 'while', 'weakly', 'biasing', 'the', 'quantum', 'dot', 'this', 'result', 'held', 'to', 'bias', 'voltages', 'up', 'to', 'half', 'the', 'kondo', 'temperature', 'away', 'from', 'the', 'unitary', 'limit', 'the', 'charge', 'was', 'measured', 'to', 'be', 'e', 'as', 'expected', 'these', 'results', 'confirm', 'and', 'extend', 'the', 'prediction', 'by', 'e', 'sela', 'et', 'al', '1', 'that', 'suggested', 'that', 'twoelectron', 'backscattering', 'processes', 'dominate', 'over', 'singleelectron', 'backscattering', 'processes', 'near', 'the', 'unitary', 'limit', 'with', 'an', 'average', 'backscattered', 'charge', 'e5e3']] | [-0.10977518603128071, 0.17808912981399772, -0.03777240403724136, 0.0011442403034986153, 0.07524537366892521, -0.14032537728295816, 0.10886364503918837, 0.3313769823726034, -0.24776297806723355, -0.3074128272807381, -0.030728484108597815, -0.3491909002477769, -0.08075695721587788, 0.21734275080962107, -0.04829532702084786, 0.03373064131786426, 0.0037028803611368253, -0.001320353088279565, -0.07900856971294463, -0.24598314740190594, 0.2658483059106705, 0.1145289577228444, 0.27401237764085334, 0.09440427935138966, 0.06253702643152792, 0.05113496553773681, 0.04014615584552909, -0.017947155283764005, -0.11604277583516402, -0.0010298591514583677, 0.24043925696363053, -0.08375254982577947, 0.1872852910455549, -0.425059726034912, -0.15843689795777513, 0.07661795259385447, 0.12402795222199832, 0.1300711328149191, -0.01886975861513444, -0.3476301358556763, 0.039015598595142365, -0.1580794842520845, -0.1237138808464806, -0.01934627343628866, 0.027252183552870218, -0.01886796872289172, -0.2762760094871434, 0.11955151920362066, 0.09726168168708682, 0.013217330541616926, -0.023697657413928635, -0.07894922359264456, -0.02344335808205263, 0.09705831911317848, 0.0049923711533968644, 0.05174422104513118, 0.24975076749008926, -0.09937899614790997, -0.1522830871399492, 0.2870450670598075, -0.09139522490052816, -0.09661385706931469, 0.15892850605693334, -0.25412819934717845, -0.05784014256884499, 0.15021664017695002, 0.09802324442231718, 0.06911401082470547, -0.130315241185599, 0.10439045795586328, -0.026528844895437942, 0.1475001546399047, 0.07379568615579046, 0.07380069979990367, 0.23712498879710134, 0.12055756494495047, 0.09105131738275911, 0.08066424851616223, -0.15880750167222382, -0.07600350922742412, -0.280900270222143, -0.10667670246524115, -0.21240634495431246, 0.16394074524335642, -0.022708252600902295, -0.13977097932342986, 0.3688470618702316, 0.20463311654748395, 0.23572627356043085, 0.016577791638458923, 0.2624991633541261, 0.21512475036918963, 0.03941649071445378, 0.07570318005051983, 0.2546127564952864, 0.20200125078796796, 0.07195448106237261, -0.30623071340717917, 0.006374012659459065, -0.012920830961472044] |
711.4553 | Waveguiding and Plasmon Resonances in Two-Dimensional Photonic Lattices
of Gold and Silver Nanowires | We report the fabrication of triangular lattices of parallel gold and silver
nanowires of high optical quality, with diameters down to 500 nm and
length-to-diameter ratios as high as 100,000. The nanowires are supported by a
silica glass matrix and are disposed around a central solid glass core, i.e., a
missing nanowire. These cm-long structures make it possible to trap light
within an array of nanowires and characterize the plasmon resonances that form
at specific optical frequencies. Such nanowire arrays have many potential
applications, e.g., to imaging on the sub-wavelength scale.
| physics.optics | we report the fabrication of triangular lattices of parallel gold and silver nanowires of high optical quality with diameters down to 500 nm and lengthtodiameter ratios as high as 100000 the nanowires are supported by a silica glass matrix and are disposed around a central solid glass core ie a missing nanowire these cmlong structures make it possible to trap light within an array of nanowires and characterize the plasmon resonances that form at specific optical frequencies such nanowire arrays have many potential applications eg to imaging on the subwavelength scale | [['we', 'report', 'the', 'fabrication', 'of', 'triangular', 'lattices', 'of', 'parallel', 'gold', 'and', 'silver', 'nanowires', 'of', 'high', 'optical', 'quality', 'with', 'diameters', 'down', 'to', '500', 'nm', 'and', 'lengthtodiameter', 'ratios', 'as', 'high', 'as', '100000', 'the', 'nanowires', 'are', 'supported', 'by', 'a', 'silica', 'glass', 'matrix', 'and', 'are', 'disposed', 'around', 'a', 'central', 'solid', 'glass', 'core', 'ie', 'a', 'missing', 'nanowire', 'these', 'cmlong', 'structures', 'make', 'it', 'possible', 'to', 'trap', 'light', 'within', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'nanowires', 'and', 'characterize', 'the', 'plasmon', 'resonances', 'that', 'form', 'at', 'specific', 'optical', 'frequencies', 'such', 'nanowire', 'arrays', 'have', 'many', 'potential', 'applications', 'eg', 'to', 'imaging', 'on', 'the', 'subwavelength', 'scale']] | [-0.09056149675909962, 0.20622001192420542, 0.010910351755568287, -0.03482581046665763, -0.013298703869293025, -0.1682700481813319, 0.026022624418876327, 0.5322224038479092, -0.1926205311236637, -0.33377788577658624, 0.11585126942980543, -0.32457670692231627, -0.07007734130576744, 0.19719300124343936, 0.022738059822746275, 0.10282021661859599, 0.051793562030870016, -0.0886243013204536, -0.025057138571295642, -0.15269955142738892, 0.2238562283883956, 0.052585166111424726, 0.3265900006517768, 0.1067936431135532, 0.07410575361451605, -0.020593776553741318, 0.10402282825312935, -0.007630057220991988, -0.130625215541091, 0.1337914340617647, 0.23810555423599677, -0.07736050650211317, 0.20809926353087957, -0.49093943261183226, -0.17477066356402177, 0.015803680089967593, 0.18095283205464233, 0.1100164989807776, -0.06840493063989944, -0.2507505169097375, 0.11220186711851876, -0.09200250218458637, -0.13931044706419765, -0.027638409877769075, 0.007018298490847983, 0.0561235823392213, -0.18858083970089964, -0.00966478114343852, 0.02938803036666506, 0.10308569740340277, -0.011707513383333827, -0.14936131311601009, -0.003070471644565299, 0.0469617351830763, -0.060861508131723155, -0.01733617726611076, 0.24550249689043716, -0.09709184757781798, -0.08867285861429032, 0.38255885529976624, -0.05320648365567059, -0.09803431974928621, 0.20735251866690405, -0.18146212471157805, 0.0192337594721671, 0.17780085163866424, 0.20270503584582072, 0.09151352508822558, -0.1318499979122982, -5.639906573508467e-05, 0.005106664157810283, 0.21185420169546218, 0.18358852431065514, 0.11204751387013348, 0.3027132028038358, 0.2498996179745338, -0.0011097273954374532, 0.15061358681746892, -0.16478458794785644, 0.025674486450293195, -0.19275715025039492, -0.17755822555397402, -0.22863921543562804, 0.05729931745432563, -0.13155698703517524, -0.246339144236357, 0.34423039200367755, 0.08283006409864366, 0.19969208705863292, 0.00020172133796162657, 0.2392136025355085, 0.008386989817494056, 0.16381074085954453, -0.026731584689344515, 0.2606220083607995, 0.19299766775681176, 0.10180992913524528, -0.186245039386859, -0.03946648415476774, -0.0801323731532218] |
711.4554 | New counterterms induced by trans-Planckian physics in semiclassical
gravity | We consider free and self-interacting quantum scalar fields satisfying
modified dispersion relations in the framework of Einstein-Aether theory. Using
adiabatic regularization, we study the renormalization of the equation for the
mean value of the field in the self-interacting case, and the renormalization
of the semiclassical Einstein-Aether equations for free fields. In both cases
we consider Bianchi type I background spacetimes. Contrary to what happens for
{\it free} fields in {\it flat} Robertson-Walker spacetimes, the
self-interaction and/or the anisotropy produce non-purely geometric terms in
the adiabatic expansion, i.e terms that involve both the metric $g_{\mu\nu}$
and the aether field $u_{\mu}$. We argue that, in a general spacetime, the
renormalization of the theory would involve new counterterms constructed with
$g_{\mu\nu}$ and $u_{\mu}$, generating a fine-tuning problem for the
Einstein-Aether theory.
| gr-qc hep-th | we consider free and selfinteracting quantum scalar fields satisfying modified dispersion relations in the framework of einsteinaether theory using adiabatic regularization we study the renormalization of the equation for the mean value of the field in the selfinteracting case and the renormalization of the semiclassical einsteinaether equations for free fields in both cases we consider bianchi type i background spacetimes contrary to what happens for it free fields in it flat robertsonwalker spacetimes the selfinteraction andor the anisotropy produce nonpurely geometric terms in the adiabatic expansion ie terms that involve both the metric g_munu and the aether field u_mu we argue that in a general spacetime the renormalization of the theory would involve new counterterms constructed with g_munu and u_mu generating a finetuning problem for the einsteinaether theory | [['we', 'consider', 'free', 'and', 'selfinteracting', 'quantum', 'scalar', 'fields', 'satisfying', 'modified', 'dispersion', 'relations', 'in', 'the', 'framework', 'of', 'einsteinaether', 'theory', 'using', 'adiabatic', 'regularization', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'renormalization', 'of', 'the', 'equation', 'for', 'the', 'mean', 'value', 'of', 'the', 'field', 'in', 'the', 'selfinteracting', 'case', 'and', 'the', 'renormalization', 'of', 'the', 'semiclassical', 'einsteinaether', 'equations', 'for', 'free', 'fields', 'in', 'both', 'cases', 'we', 'consider', 'bianchi', 'type', 'i', 'background', 'spacetimes', 'contrary', 'to', 'what', 'happens', 'for', 'it', 'free', 'fields', 'in', 'it', 'flat', 'robertsonwalker', 'spacetimes', 'the', 'selfinteraction', 'andor', 'the', 'anisotropy', 'produce', 'nonpurely', 'geometric', 'terms', 'in', 'the', 'adiabatic', 'expansion', 'ie', 'terms', 'that', 'involve', 'both', 'the', 'metric', 'g_munu', 'and', 'the', 'aether', 'field', 'u_mu', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'in', 'a', 'general', 'spacetime', 'the', 'renormalization', 'of', 'the', 'theory', 'would', 'involve', 'new', 'counterterms', 'constructed', 'with', 'g_munu', 'and', 'u_mu', 'generating', 'a', 'finetuning', 'problem', 'for', 'the', 'einsteinaether', 'theory']] | [-0.1731520312119598, 0.17197824446814441, -0.07576773253702156, 0.13273330982481166, -0.11011287537733401, -0.13903476065391396, -0.06759258917822525, 0.29758119513189024, -0.21039569030669847, -0.2519205210493936, 0.03895510237949981, -0.2513881362406317, -0.1531102786566622, 0.12493331561701035, -0.02703208236782775, 0.014830360251412851, -0.030968675287220422, 0.07625117383926637, -0.09787966497242451, -0.24787279643397045, 0.40880400672422973, 0.016099369566792286, 0.2595001651399483, 0.006973745682694781, 0.11964901197173698, 0.04155166287297808, -0.0076803176033156595, 0.055212106734548495, -0.18846095461954315, 0.057993908729000884, 0.18392351428670148, 0.09513606870268274, 0.2075590201851538, -0.42562482366705034, -0.28820518622776187, 0.09868626462984977, 0.1268972118612467, 0.1453415756847152, -0.05617046852662103, -0.28472821351221406, 0.020360585834691667, -0.17798063136805875, -0.17575883551860066, -0.09052193247141155, -0.01995379835051873, -0.08447459655608541, -0.26130545142612704, 0.16642705948132377, 0.0024948698921334438, 0.0015281002260891237, -0.11360222630167938, -0.04196927609659115, 0.027171382431204864, 0.025680925051762362, 0.1330089067754255, 0.025651144796036418, 0.10149586947605484, -0.20681583882844823, -0.07134812851491436, 0.4325074623595542, -0.15075164401546712, -0.26806575688716816, 0.08110767072726657, -0.12022240855547739, -0.14337158538987788, 0.03326250565802957, 0.10650570367968927, 0.17141770275207016, -0.1315554490195602, 0.25006292777788625, 0.014620443776719214, 0.07937149552437733, 0.11283788575578159, 0.023762899596247763, 0.18667562372659838, 0.007523860679719392, 0.021209272463424644, 0.06507782555573921, -0.01720023719139221, -0.15149245554430954, -0.4377418386595925, -0.17227405279610805, -0.11772724742062507, 0.10216826819411413, -0.1918409773085347, -0.22703357827006362, 0.3576975670005158, 0.16998723397163426, 0.08368298081373136, 0.04479167201028272, 0.20375155879727264, 0.14700148715160963, 0.044909121732660165, 0.10509472734140833, 0.2948951192610846, 0.18644092928922523, 0.09572795537249075, -0.22854727908178768, -0.09907202216921242, 0.11539714719997499] |
711.4555 | Sparse Additive Models | We present a new class of methods for high-dimensional nonparametric
regression and classification called sparse additive models (SpAM). Our methods
combine ideas from sparse linear modeling and additive nonparametric
regression. We derive an algorithm for fitting the models that is practical and
effective even when the number of covariates is larger than the sample size.
SpAM is closely related to the COSSO model of Lin and Zhang (2006), but
decouples smoothing and sparsity, enabling the use of arbitrary nonparametric
smoothers. An analysis of the theoretical properties of SpAM is given. We also
study a greedy estimator that is a nonparametric version of forward stepwise
regression. Empirical results on synthetic and real data are presented, showing
that SpAM can be effective in fitting sparse nonparametric models in high
dimensional data.
| math.ST stat.TH | we present a new class of methods for highdimensional nonparametric regression and classification called sparse additive models spam our methods combine ideas from sparse linear modeling and additive nonparametric regression we derive an algorithm for fitting the models that is practical and effective even when the number of covariates is larger than the sample size spam is closely related to the cosso model of lin and zhang 2006 but decouples smoothing and sparsity enabling the use of arbitrary nonparametric smoothers an analysis of the theoretical properties of spam is given we also study a greedy estimator that is a nonparametric version of forward stepwise regression empirical results on synthetic and real data are presented showing that spam can be effective in fitting sparse nonparametric models in high dimensional data | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'new', 'class', 'of', 'methods', 'for', 'highdimensional', 'nonparametric', 'regression', 'and', 'classification', 'called', 'sparse', 'additive', 'models', 'spam', 'our', 'methods', 'combine', 'ideas', 'from', 'sparse', 'linear', 'modeling', 'and', 'additive', 'nonparametric', 'regression', 'we', 'derive', 'an', 'algorithm', 'for', 'fitting', 'the', 'models', 'that', 'is', 'practical', 'and', 'effective', 'even', 'when', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'covariates', 'is', 'larger', 'than', 'the', 'sample', 'size', 'spam', 'is', 'closely', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'cosso', 'model', 'of', 'lin', 'and', 'zhang', '2006', 'but', 'decouples', 'smoothing', 'and', 'sparsity', 'enabling', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'arbitrary', 'nonparametric', 'smoothers', 'an', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'theoretical', 'properties', 'of', 'spam', 'is', 'given', 'we', 'also', 'study', 'a', 'greedy', 'estimator', 'that', 'is', 'a', 'nonparametric', 'version', 'of', 'forward', 'stepwise', 'regression', 'empirical', 'results', 'on', 'synthetic', 'and', 'real', 'data', 'are', 'presented', 'showing', 'that', 'spam', 'can', 'be', 'effective', 'in', 'fitting', 'sparse', 'nonparametric', 'models', 'in', 'high', 'dimensional', 'data']] | [-0.001690400540610426, -0.009692414105074931, -0.106692632755653, 0.1034551763377749, -0.13804875848654774, -0.21336049984165584, 0.03165902472937887, 0.4222521745468839, -0.2649003557044125, -0.27010410227740067, 0.14492361701377376, -0.2793924170327955, -0.19297423586067453, 0.21595332311699167, -0.141199903730012, 0.10916125743096927, 0.06920003796403762, -0.028457191612687893, -0.07169169168264489, -0.3260913626290858, 0.2796560785118345, 0.06412438096776896, 0.28832425993459765, -0.0468486030731583, 0.11785661252179125, 0.05204100941045908, -0.1335696669848403, 0.02955542850031634, -0.09496718041822305, 0.17245342395472107, 0.2909040661708957, 0.17854238039581105, 0.3504722594443592, -0.3298048384091885, -0.2500349929614458, 0.11305672460002825, 0.12905020301332115, 0.13384053835943632, -0.017046849957296217, -0.2615796815171052, 0.07883970812690677, -0.16446426869515562, -0.044289307908911724, -0.15839641174534336, -0.023783525532053318, 0.021203455018621753, -0.3719743853343971, 0.12414488505532972, 0.08459577772009652, 0.07680357958815875, -0.029647381701579434, -0.1707513108412968, 0.03541873909671267, 0.03844431613765664, 0.0531708326197986, -0.025306224561063573, 0.09544782613738789, -0.12366100660693746, -0.14170234774792334, 0.30103429358132416, -0.07818783546338182, -0.20953273074883327, 0.21053776175540406, -0.025854781502857804, -0.17822708933636022, 0.09398666098786634, 0.27590799098834395, 0.09777375135035982, -0.144886789155521, 0.09100707502602745, -0.09238129290315555, 0.1710298637917731, -0.006557005781360203, -0.07225718000336201, 0.11571617209847318, 0.21633177054354746, 0.07788898912622244, 0.11871424238142936, -0.1469163898636907, -0.03290545786876464, -0.24735736077127513, -0.10143170697847381, -0.22555886379814183, -0.03824884512778226, -0.18483416404274067, -0.22368740094680106, 0.41721397527726367, 0.1989223086579841, 0.20006748844025424, 0.12606036687611777, 0.3346006728388602, 0.11504763472203194, 0.009188808166072704, 0.12395451343218156, 0.14823355107910174, 0.15147297481598798, 0.019315053297759732, -0.1461035766369605, 0.09948427065683063, 0.02944625945019652] |
711.4556 | Charmonium | Topics in the description of the properties of charmonium states are reviewed
with an emphasis on specific theoretical ideas and methods of relating those
properties to the underlying theory of Quantum Chromodynamics.
| hep-ph | topics in the description of the properties of charmonium states are reviewed with an emphasis on specific theoretical ideas and methods of relating those properties to the underlying theory of quantum chromodynamics | [['topics', 'in', 'the', 'description', 'of', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'charmonium', 'states', 'are', 'reviewed', 'with', 'an', 'emphasis', 'on', 'specific', 'theoretical', 'ideas', 'and', 'methods', 'of', 'relating', 'those', 'properties', 'to', 'the', 'underlying', 'theory', 'of', 'quantum', 'chromodynamics']] | [-0.029516979717300273, 0.15960866255454675, -0.14955733285751194, 0.09707248344784603, -0.049924925551749766, -0.08819080184912309, 0.013926353030910832, 0.3364321311819367, -0.2109972416801611, -0.25491936248727143, 0.06114040598549764, -0.3378394450992346, -0.11486521337064914, 0.21934497251641005, -0.03787165676476434, 0.107879835908534, 0.024856802978320047, 0.09304666814932716, -0.1398557469365187, -0.24386642331955954, 0.36260194891656283, 0.056494103988370625, 0.30116853991057724, 0.13124030572362244, -0.006311643635854125, -0.003963224691688083, -0.08338737383019179, -0.00646464538294822, -0.2017410477856174, 0.2102153415526118, 0.25536966416984797, 0.12201164418365806, 0.21506305297953077, -0.47401782125234604, -0.20734999861451797, -0.04557285689224955, 0.015114093883312307, 0.12805887340800837, -0.03811349317038548, -0.3206119615351781, 0.08081286837114021, -0.11186328838812187, -0.1725894442643039, -0.09115047010709532, -0.018897041518357582, 0.058023574674734846, -0.14967542669910472, 0.019444132107309997, 0.04464181393268518, 0.10279462118342053, -0.046636552790005226, -0.19148876488907263, 0.01916206715395674, 0.11429443873930722, 0.06889001099625602, -0.020891211883281358, 0.11307644477346912, -0.2666698920947965, -0.25855014397529885, 0.4222407872439362, 0.03165694558992982, -0.17545621178578585, 0.21777537927846424, -0.10186322662048042, -0.1855878800706705, 0.02809185974911088, 0.1668030850123614, 0.11159112513996661, -0.12979449448175728, 0.13214948521454062, -0.007446639065165073, 0.10594698565546423, -0.05364046154136304, 0.19433657288027462, 0.2218567820964381, 0.1549138697446324, -0.06863751637865789, 0.08029243058990687, 0.0307691839770996, -0.2358911819756031, -0.37271379260346293, -0.09560569509631023, -0.16265660512726754, 0.05295106820994988, -0.03126176593605123, -0.1668641976721119, 0.4377773183514364, 0.11102016938866655, 0.2304808391199913, -0.06647518556565046, 0.25034141435753554, 0.09771423425991088, -0.032764120755018666, -0.0037903836637269706, 0.2206031953173806, 0.2972071864642203, 0.06927705318958033, -0.2398376648197882, 0.021329906856408343, 0.11777995500597171] |
711.4557 | On Outage Behavior of Wideband Slow-Fading Channels | This paper investigates point-to-point information transmission over a
wideband slow-fading channel, modeled as an (asymptotically) large number of
independent identically distributed parallel channels, with the random channel
fading realizations remaining constant over the entire coding block. On the one
hand, in the wideband limit the minimum achievable energy per nat required for
reliable transmission, as a random variable, converges in probability to
certain deterministic quantity. On the other hand, the exponential decay rate
of the outage probability, termed as the wideband outage exponent,
characterizes how the number of parallel channels, {\it i.e.}, the
``bandwidth'', should asymptotically scale in order to achieve a target outage
probability at a target energy per nat. We examine two scenarios: when the
transmitter has no channel state information and adopts uniform transmit power
allocation among parallel channels; and when the transmitter is endowed with an
one-bit channel state feedback for each parallel channel and accordingly
allocates its transmit power. For both scenarios, we evaluate the wideband
minimum energy per nat and the wideband outage exponent, and discuss their
implication for system performance.
| cs.IT math.IT | this paper investigates pointtopoint information transmission over a wideband slowfading channel modeled as an asymptotically large number of independent identically distributed parallel channels with the random channel fading realizations remaining constant over the entire coding block on the one hand in the wideband limit the minimum achievable energy per nat required for reliable transmission as a random variable converges in probability to certain deterministic quantity on the other hand the exponential decay rate of the outage probability termed as the wideband outage exponent characterizes how the number of parallel channels it ie the bandwidth should asymptotically scale in order to achieve a target outage probability at a target energy per nat we examine two scenarios when the transmitter has no channel state information and adopts uniform transmit power allocation among parallel channels and when the transmitter is endowed with an onebit channel state feedback for each parallel channel and accordingly allocates its transmit power for both scenarios we evaluate the wideband minimum energy per nat and the wideband outage exponent and discuss their implication for system performance | [['this', 'paper', 'investigates', 'pointtopoint', 'information', 'transmission', 'over', 'a', 'wideband', 'slowfading', 'channel', 'modeled', 'as', 'an', 'asymptotically', 'large', 'number', 'of', 'independent', 'identically', 'distributed', 'parallel', 'channels', 'with', 'the', 'random', 'channel', 'fading', 'realizations', 'remaining', 'constant', 'over', 'the', 'entire', 'coding', 'block', 'on', 'the', 'one', 'hand', 'in', 'the', 'wideband', 'limit', 'the', 'minimum', 'achievable', 'energy', 'per', 'nat', 'required', 'for', 'reliable', 'transmission', 'as', 'a', 'random', 'variable', 'converges', 'in', 'probability', 'to', 'certain', 'deterministic', 'quantity', 'on', 'the', 'other', 'hand', 'the', 'exponential', 'decay', 'rate', 'of', 'the', 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711.4558 | The influence of the hydrodynamic drag from an accretion torus on
extreme mass-ratio inspirals | We have studied extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) in spacetimes containing
a rotating black hole and a non self-gravitating torus with constant specific
angular momentum. We have found that the effect of the hydrodynamic drag
exerted by the torus on the satellite is much smaller than the corresponding
one due to radiation reaction, for systems such as those generically expected
in AGNs and at distances from the SMBH which can be probed with LISA. However,
given the uncertainty on the parameters of these systems, there exist
configurations in which the effect of the hydrodynamic drag can be comparable
to the radiation-reaction one in phases of the inspiral which are detectable by
LISA. This is the case, for instance, for a 10^6 M_sun SMBH surrounded by a
corotating torus of comparable mass and with radius of 10^3-10^4 gravitational
radii, or for a 10^5 M_sun SMBH surrounded by a corotating 10^4 M_sun torus
with radius of 10^5 gravitational radii. Should these conditions be met in
astrophysical systems, EMRI-gravitational waves could provide a characteristic
signature of the presence of the torus. In fact, while radiation reaction
always increases the inclination of the orbit with respect to the equatorial
plane, the hydrodynamic drag from a torus corotating with the SMBH always
decreases it. However, even when initially dominating over radiation reaction,
the influence of the hydrodynamic drag decays very rapidly as the satellite
moves into the very strong-field region of the SMBH (i.e., p <~ 5M). Although
our results have been obtained for a specific class of tori, we argue that they
will be qualitatively valid also for more generic distributions of the specific
angular momentum.
| gr-qc astro-ph | we have studied extreme massratio inspirals emris in spacetimes containing a rotating black hole and a non selfgravitating torus with constant specific angular momentum we have found that the effect of the hydrodynamic drag exerted by the torus on the satellite is much smaller than the corresponding one due to radiation reaction for systems such as those generically expected in agns and at distances from the smbh which can be probed with lisa however given the uncertainty on the parameters of these systems there exist configurations in which the effect of the hydrodynamic drag can be comparable to the radiationreaction one in phases of the inspiral which are detectable by lisa this is the case for instance for a 106 m_sun smbh surrounded by a corotating torus of comparable mass and with radius of 103104 gravitational radii or for a 105 m_sun smbh surrounded by a corotating 104 m_sun torus with radius of 105 gravitational radii should these conditions be met in astrophysical systems emrigravitational waves could provide a characteristic signature of the presence of the torus in fact while radiation reaction always increases the inclination of the orbit with respect to the equatorial plane the hydrodynamic drag from a torus corotating with the smbh always decreases it however even when initially dominating over radiation reaction the influence of the hydrodynamic drag decays very rapidly as the satellite moves into the very strongfield region of the smbh ie p 5m although our results have been obtained for a specific class of tori we argue that they will be qualitatively valid also for more generic distributions of the specific angular momentum | [['we', 'have', 'studied', 'extreme', 'massratio', 'inspirals', 'emris', 'in', 'spacetimes', 'containing', 'a', 'rotating', 'black', 'hole', 'and', 'a', 'non', 'selfgravitating', 'torus', 'with', 'constant', 'specific', 'angular', 'momentum', 'we', 'have', 'found', 'that', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 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711.4559 | Theoretical description of nucleation in multicomponent system | The full theoretical analysis of the kinetics of multicomponent nucleation is
presented. The relief of the free energy with surface excesses was analyzed,
the valleys and ridges were described, their mutual interaction was studied.
The new possibility to change the valley of nucleation is shown. The
possibility to have one common valley instead of several neighbor ones which
leads to the radical change in the height of the effective activation barrier
and to the new value for the nucleation rate.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | the full theoretical analysis of the kinetics of multicomponent nucleation is presented the relief of the free energy with surface excesses was analyzed the valleys and ridges were described their mutual interaction was studied the new possibility to change the valley of nucleation is shown the possibility to have one common valley instead of several neighbor ones which leads to the radical change in the height of the effective activation barrier and to the new value for the nucleation rate | [['the', 'full', 'theoretical', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'kinetics', 'of', 'multicomponent', 'nucleation', 'is', 'presented', 'the', 'relief', 'of', 'the', 'free', 'energy', 'with', 'surface', 'excesses', 'was', 'analyzed', 'the', 'valleys', 'and', 'ridges', 'were', 'described', 'their', 'mutual', 'interaction', 'was', 'studied', 'the', 'new', 'possibility', 'to', 'change', 'the', 'valley', 'of', 'nucleation', 'is', 'shown', 'the', 'possibility', 'to', 'have', 'one', 'common', 'valley', 'instead', 'of', 'several', 'neighbor', 'ones', 'which', 'leads', 'to', 'the', 'radical', 'change', 'in', 'the', 'height', 'of', 'the', 'effective', 'activation', 'barrier', 'and', 'to', 'the', 'new', 'value', 'for', 'the', 'nucleation', 'rate']] | [-0.10307626472640549, 0.1405007925350219, -0.09277181608194951, 0.08181483542139176, -0.048754542414098975, -0.08512464764062315, 0.06656937079533236, 0.3492186419200152, -0.2989688492845744, -0.3207896093139425, 0.04431150294694817, -0.2770645535783842, -0.10657470627920702, 0.15099527554848463, 0.0060243078507483, 0.03362031528959051, -0.031028245540801434, 0.01514804787002504, -0.016213123698253184, -0.26390331821748986, 0.2896219496265985, 0.09908754781354219, 0.3218774013221264, 0.12241280783200637, 0.03739639474079013, 0.006471448435331695, -0.002731201867572963, -0.016592334132656105, -0.17246580147184432, 0.13063532726373522, 0.18787059594251332, 0.01894846967770718, 0.2271051859250292, -0.42334571736864746, -0.2398258372908458, 0.07617063405923545, 0.11411881004460156, 0.1396588532064925, -0.06192849426079192, -0.23561116142664104, 0.05615881420089863, -0.12060421002388466, -0.152562446643924, -0.009322466549929232, 0.042319261928787454, 0.03300842244643718, -0.22367393020540477, 0.10598815450030089, 0.03409007945447229, 0.04801397749688476, -0.08733532869955525, -0.13646637761266903, -0.09777070719574113, 0.10948352238629014, 0.0749686251336243, -0.0011007290973793714, 0.17043237151228824, -0.12299041967562516, -0.1227823439083295, 0.35072344162035735, -0.048790074813587124, -0.1252653474221006, 0.21244060170138254, -0.14915006635710598, -0.02760060442960821, 0.2066207098774612, 0.10536187432007864, 0.09686268678633496, -0.16860286617884412, 0.040916594477403125, 0.03706048000603914, 0.08546182122081518, 0.08013586916495115, -0.023574709094827995, 0.2173973617143929, 0.1931444419082254, 0.04165465703990776, 0.14486517361947335, -0.16801747349090873, -0.15223727680604499, -0.25405181357637047, -0.19131874812301247, -0.1777201878896449, 0.003911925655847881, -0.058836163178420976, -0.14989253355270193, 0.43797511607408524, 0.10034429376246408, 0.18889185933512637, -0.011809083783009554, 0.1986350826569833, 0.11939491356024519, 0.12370633583923336, -0.005730206065345555, 0.294150389690185, 0.12299798762833233, 0.08948587006889283, -0.27647194360615684, 0.1057225129334256, 0.014561550063081085] |
711.456 | Ab initio studies of the spin-transfer torque in tunnel junctions | We calculate the spin-transfer torque in Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions and
compare the results to those for all-metallic junctions. We show that the
spin-transfer torque is interfacial in the ferromagnetic layer to a greater
degree than in all-metallic junctions. This result originates in the half
metallic behavior of Fe for the $\Delta_1$ states at the Brillouin zone center;
in contrast to all-metallic structures, dephasing does not play an important
role. We further show that it is possible to get a component of the torque that
is out of the plane of the magnetizations and that is linear in the bias.
However, observation of such a torque requires highly ideal samples. In samples
with typical interfacial roughness, the torque is similar to that in
all-metallic multilayers, although for different reasons.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we calculate the spintransfer torque in femgofe tunnel junctions and compare the results to those for allmetallic junctions we show that the spintransfer torque is interfacial in the ferromagnetic layer to a greater degree than in allmetallic junctions this result originates in the half metallic behavior of fe for the delta_1 states at the brillouin zone center in contrast to allmetallic structures dephasing does not play an important role we further show that it is possible to get a component of the torque that is out of the plane of the magnetizations and that is linear in the bias however observation of such a torque requires highly ideal samples in samples with typical interfacial roughness the torque is similar to that in allmetallic multilayers although for different reasons | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'spintransfer', 'torque', 'in', 'femgofe', 'tunnel', 'junctions', 'and', 'compare', 'the', 'results', 'to', 'those', 'for', 'allmetallic', 'junctions', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'spintransfer', 'torque', 'is', 'interfacial', 'in', 'the', 'ferromagnetic', 'layer', 'to', 'a', 'greater', 'degree', 'than', 'in', 'allmetallic', 'junctions', 'this', 'result', 'originates', 'in', 'the', 'half', 'metallic', 'behavior', 'of', 'fe', 'for', 'the', 'delta_1', 'states', 'at', 'the', 'brillouin', 'zone', 'center', 'in', 'contrast', 'to', 'allmetallic', 'structures', 'dephasing', 'does', 'not', 'play', 'an', 'important', 'role', 'we', 'further', 'show', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'possible', 'to', 'get', 'a', 'component', 'of', 'the', 'torque', 'that', 'is', 'out', 'of', 'the', 'plane', 'of', 'the', 'magnetizations', 'and', 'that', 'is', 'linear', 'in', 'the', 'bias', 'however', 'observation', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'torque', 'requires', 'highly', 'ideal', 'samples', 'in', 'samples', 'with', 'typical', 'interfacial', 'roughness', 'the', 'torque', 'is', 'similar', 'to', 'that', 'in', 'allmetallic', 'multilayers', 'although', 'for', 'different', 'reasons']] | [-0.20392740503302775, 0.11725074571506866, -0.04340146541289869, 0.006755798302037874, -0.0604495404240879, -0.1025731225781783, 0.025320741104223998, 0.41215889900922775, -0.26631509368962725, -0.2854408444982255, 0.0025120431928371545, -0.3031796978029888, -0.1360117117437767, 0.2620760551112653, -0.012389017178065842, -0.022074058912210148, -0.0021452849978231825, -0.046791096443485, -0.03501870298214271, -0.16685718746157363, 0.3068304844045997, 0.023685425650910474, 0.30620084147085436, 0.07601475085539278, 0.031853359963861294, -0.03366092640771967, 0.14103604745832854, 0.02659310365561396, -0.1481989180061305, 0.041181139496529795, 0.25757822053856216, -0.1203506190695407, 0.1897298294425127, -0.5129597779159667, -0.17871350513178186, 0.025881046985887224, 0.13522711202676874, 0.1630601441474937, -0.034211042380775325, -0.18617420136433793, 0.12120069031334424, -0.13030647986226995, -0.10635095526231453, -0.040646078625286464, 0.0606251847857493, -0.013987856159474177, -0.27582595658714126, 0.083811004553354, 0.14939588538709359, 0.06659262410903466, -0.04256498878385173, -0.13946566966114915, -0.09255365174067265, 0.08867056036706344, 0.055870795711598475, 0.044253331412619445, 0.1692827124352334, -0.13774258456942334, -0.10825394259154564, 0.3134770036122063, -0.050397652760352685, -0.16145940044953022, 0.16889015157903486, -0.20638786136260023, -0.05876887253361929, 0.10591350460163085, 0.11155434955799137, 0.1004374661700922, -0.1351030061414349, 0.03598180482094904, -0.004558111273581744, 0.16222367211958044, 0.043891595807508565, 0.022983814335020725, 0.21997562912292778, 0.18547618450065784, 0.09365888993806948, 0.14872977444792923, -0.16041240308550186, -0.06264635574780186, -0.22392330080037937, -0.197093678604233, -0.22732416355120222, 0.07278846668975802, -0.06797438493390473, -0.1555425659098546, 0.37734201856073923, 0.22838755821430823, 0.19116017422493314, -0.019915283603040734, 0.2990458926578867, 0.12012755812975229, 0.12548067735042423, 0.05633280348592962, 0.3086570892628515, 0.13894286866707262, 0.10282684029880329, -0.27767746901736245, 0.11908543483514222, -0.05047013229705044] |
711.4561 | Debris Disks Around Nearby Stars with Circumstellar Gas | We conducted a survey for infrared excess emission from 16 nearby main
sequence shell stars using the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS)
on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Shell stars are early-type stars with narrow
absorption lines in their spectra that appear to arise from circumstellar (CS)
gas. Four of the 16 stars in our survey showed excess emission at 24 microns
and 70 microns characteristic of cool CS dust and are likely to be edge-on
debris disks. Including previously known disks, it appears that the fraction of
protoplanetary and debris disks among the main sequence shell stars is at least
48% +/- 14%. While dust in debris disks has been extensively studied,
relatively little is known about their gas content. In the case of Beta
Pictoris, extensive observations of gaseous species have provided insights into
the dynamics of the CS material and surprises about the composition of the CS
gas coming from young planetesimals (e.g. Roberge et al. 2006). To understand
the co-evolution of gas and dust through the terrestrial planet formation
phase, we need to study the gas in additional debris disks. The new debris disk
candidates from this Spitzer survey double the number of systems in which the
gas can be observed right now with sensitive line of sight absorption
spectroscopy.
| astro-ph | we conducted a survey for infrared excess emission from 16 nearby main sequence shell stars using the multiband imaging photometer for spitzer mips on the spitzer space telescope shell stars are earlytype stars with narrow absorption lines in their spectra that appear to arise from circumstellar cs gas four of the 16 stars in our survey showed excess emission at 24 microns and 70 microns characteristic of cool cs dust and are likely to be edgeon debris disks including previously known disks it appears that the fraction of protoplanetary and debris disks among the main sequence shell stars is at least 48 14 while dust in debris disks has been extensively studied relatively little is known about their gas content in the case of beta pictoris extensive observations of gaseous species have provided insights into the dynamics of the cs material and surprises about the composition of the cs gas coming from young planetesimals eg roberge et al 2006 to understand the coevolution of gas and dust through the terrestrial planet formation phase we need to study the gas in additional debris disks the new debris disk candidates from this spitzer survey double the number of systems in which the gas can be observed right now with sensitive line of sight absorption spectroscopy | [['we', 'conducted', 'a', 'survey', 'for', 'infrared', 'excess', 'emission', 'from', '16', 'nearby', 'main', 'sequence', 'shell', 'stars', 'using', 'the', 'multiband', 'imaging', 'photometer', 'for', 'spitzer', 'mips', 'on', 'the', 'spitzer', 'space', 'telescope', 'shell', 'stars', 'are', 'earlytype', 'stars', 'with', 'narrow', 'absorption', 'lines', 'in', 'their', 'spectra', 'that', 'appear', 'to', 'arise', 'from', 'circumstellar', 'cs', 'gas', 'four', 'of', 'the', '16', 'stars', 'in', 'our', 'survey', 'showed', 'excess', 'emission', 'at', '24', 'microns', 'and', '70', 'microns', 'characteristic', 'of', 'cool', 'cs', 'dust', 'and', 'are', 'likely', 'to', 'be', 'edgeon', 'debris', 'disks', 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711.4562 | Near-Deterministic Inference of AS Relationships | The discovery of Autonomous Systems (ASes) interconnections and the inference
of their commercial Type-of-Relationships (ToR) has been extensively studied
during the last few years. The main motivation is to accurately calculate
AS-level paths and to provide better topological view of the Internet. An
inherent problem in current algorithms is their extensive use of heuristics.
Such heuristics incur unbounded errors which are spread over all inferred
relationships. We propose a near-deterministic algorithm for solving the ToR
inference problem. Our algorithm uses as input the Internet core, which is a
dense sub-graph of top-level ASes. We test several methods for creating such a
core and demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm to the core's size and
density, the inference period, and errors in the core.
We evaluate our algorithm using AS-level paths collected from RouteViews BGP
paths and DIMES traceroute measurements. Our proposed algorithm
deterministically infers over 95% of the approximately 58,000 AS topology
links. The inference becomes stable when using a week worth of data and as
little as 20 ASes in the core. The algorithm infers 2-3 times more peer-to-peer
relationships in edges discovered only by DIMES than in RouteViews edges,
validating the DIMES promise to discover periphery AS edges.
| cs.NI | the discovery of autonomous systems ases interconnections and the inference of their commercial typeofrelationships tor has been extensively studied during the last few years the main motivation is to accurately calculate aslevel paths and to provide better topological view of the internet an inherent problem in current algorithms is their extensive use of heuristics such heuristics incur unbounded errors which are spread over all inferred relationships we propose a neardeterministic algorithm for solving the tor inference problem our algorithm uses as input the internet core which is a dense subgraph of toplevel ases we test several methods for creating such a core and demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm to the cores size and density the inference period and errors in the core we evaluate our algorithm using aslevel paths collected from routeviews bgp paths and dimes traceroute measurements our proposed algorithm deterministically infers over 95 of the approximately 58000 as topology links the inference becomes stable when using a week worth of data and as little as 20 ases in the core the algorithm infers 23 times more peertopeer relationships in edges discovered only by dimes than in routeviews edges validating the dimes promise to discover periphery as edges | [['the', 'discovery', 'of', 'autonomous', 'systems', 'ases', 'interconnections', 'and', 'the', 'inference', 'of', 'their', 'commercial', 'typeofrelationships', 'tor', 'has', 'been', 'extensively', 'studied', 'during', 'the', 'last', 'few', 'years', 'the', 'main', 'motivation', 'is', 'to', 'accurately', 'calculate', 'aslevel', 'paths', 'and', 'to', 'provide', 'better', 'topological', 'view', 'of', 'the', 'internet', 'an', 'inherent', 'problem', 'in', 'current', 'algorithms', 'is', 'their', 'extensive', 'use', 'of', 'heuristics', 'such', 'heuristics', 'incur', 'unbounded', 'errors', 'which', 'are', 'spread', 'over', 'all', 'inferred', 'relationships', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 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711.4563 | An HST Survey of the Disk Cluster Population of M31. II. ACS Pointings | This paper reports on a survey of star clusters in M31 based on archival
images from the Hubble Space Telescope. Paper I (Krienke and Hodge 2007)
reported results from images obtained with the Wide Field/Planetary Camera 2
(WFPC2) and this paper reports results from the Advanced Camera for Surveys
(ACS). The ACS survey has yielded a total of 339 star clusters. The color-
integrated magnitude diagram of clusters shows three significant features: (1)
a group of very red, luminous objects: the globular clusters, (2) a wide range
in color for the fainter clusters, representing a considerable range in age and
reddening, and (3) a maximum density of intermediate-age, intermediate-mass
clusters with ages close to 500 million years and masses of about 2000 solar
masses. We give a brief qualitative interpretation of the distribution of
clusters in the CMDs in terms of their formation and destruction rates.
| astro-ph | this paper reports on a survey of star clusters in m31 based on archival images from the hubble space telescope paper i krienke and hodge 2007 reported results from images obtained with the wide fieldplanetary camera 2 wfpc2 and this paper reports results from the advanced camera for surveys acs the acs survey has yielded a total of 339 star clusters the color integrated magnitude diagram of clusters shows three significant features 1 a group of very red luminous objects the globular clusters 2 a wide range in color for the fainter clusters representing a considerable range in age and reddening and 3 a maximum density of intermediateage intermediatemass clusters with ages close to 500 million years and masses of about 2000 solar masses we give a brief qualitative interpretation of the distribution of clusters in the cmds in terms of their formation and destruction rates | [['this', 'paper', 'reports', 'on', 'a', 'survey', 'of', 'star', 'clusters', 'in', 'm31', 'based', 'on', 'archival', 'images', 'from', 'the', 'hubble', 'space', 'telescope', 'paper', 'i', 'krienke', 'and', 'hodge', '2007', 'reported', 'results', 'from', 'images', 'obtained', 'with', 'the', 'wide', 'fieldplanetary', 'camera', '2', 'wfpc2', 'and', 'this', 'paper', 'reports', 'results', 'from', 'the', 'advanced', 'camera', 'for', 'surveys', 'acs', 'the', 'acs', 'survey', 'has', 'yielded', 'a', 'total', 'of', '339', 'star', 'clusters', 'the', 'color', 'integrated', 'magnitude', 'diagram', 'of', 'clusters', 'shows', 'three', 'significant', 'features', '1', 'a', 'group', 'of', 'very', 'red', 'luminous', 'objects', 'the', 'globular', 'clusters', '2', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'in', 'color', 'for', 'the', 'fainter', 'clusters', 'representing', 'a', 'considerable', 'range', 'in', 'age', 'and', 'reddening', 'and', '3', 'a', 'maximum', 'density', 'of', 'intermediateage', 'intermediatemass', 'clusters', 'with', 'ages', 'close', 'to', '500', 'million', 'years', 'and', 'masses', 'of', 'about', '2000', 'solar', 'masses', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'brief', 'qualitative', 'interpretation', 'of', 'the', 'distribution', 'of', 'clusters', 'in', 'the', 'cmds', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'their', 'formation', 'and', 'destruction', 'rates']] | [-0.046904411270386644, 0.07608798729941352, -0.10783013001006718, 0.05522664597083349, -0.09911136595797466, 0.0061246640010116, 0.07978950501920837, 0.4220742723490629, -0.1303099022544403, -0.4427570984957533, 0.05113790100909278, -0.31410665790705633, -0.05539808423620545, 0.212888740580916, -0.11141643992525335, -0.049549703331043325, 0.15176913320061025, -0.044655059658301376, -0.05354717503198319, -0.33688341392876786, 0.28492481203930864, 0.0050361550367799485, 0.18478953771086204, -0.04745709319185051, 0.08618206206786756, -0.05098470931342389, -0.11224217414726606, -0.00833062387169371, -0.18561956357573056, 0.10034915896176244, 0.25050123563657206, 0.15100944300259775, 0.22691350498159105, -0.32310467014192706, -0.18061827388009988, 0.0616818988799221, 0.20312053925509746, 0.02849819381501422, -0.09974712391299868, -0.3228924488826629, 0.07828712226344375, -0.1774937117912082, -0.13710613921931428, 0.10575991253426764, 0.10689341165157708, 0.040980040173356734, -0.19976430392772374, 0.14581744878442907, -0.04837968213380211, 0.1646878667896898, -0.1754927187608296, -0.1788670350506436, -0.009672370167714285, 0.11354681463368858, -0.04710389346049245, 0.083727589579616, 0.11116599955453745, -0.19500497406503806, -0.040161342188690066, 0.3791976143774163, -0.05494087143516582, 0.06560779289348931, 0.20545673322420852, -0.1965250435880282, -0.17798744611273934, 0.10948938192935505, 0.1739943845055273, 0.1382789154174841, -0.20425812705070712, 0.02166169817226344, -0.012374919057442134, 0.22928087756089452, 0.06374042010348704, 0.07524890708656232, 0.2709132380809428, 0.15401242466113116, 0.03758430742972349, 0.10539951473280477, -0.25873285303370924, -0.04757817838819594, -0.22123230555249998, -0.1034623601137557, -0.10036957232417383, 0.07181785654878088, -0.18084443671917447, -0.11800626195165226, 0.3720145805693594, 0.1297270973963249, 0.23114158809928792, 0.05982163467463882, 0.27103218442708665, 0.00028987288371556334, 0.14336740876024123, 0.046098534014567524, 0.251478147013889, 0.1576418743869807, 0.12062246225024056, -0.1560582241266578, 0.007804355345595266, -0.02278462293422005] |
711.4564 | Scalar Casimir Effect on a D-dimensional Einstein Static Universe | We compute the renormalised energy momentum tensor of a free scalar field
coupled to gravity on an (n+1)-dimensional Einstein Static Universe (ESU),
RxS^n, with arbitrary low energy effective operators (up to mass dimension
n+1). A generic class of regulators is used, together with the Abel-Plana
formula, leading to a manifestly regulator independent result. The general
structure of the divergences is analysed to show that all the gravitational
couplings (not just the cosmological constant) are renormalised for an
arbitrary regulator. Various commonly used methods (damping function,
point-splitting, momentum cut-off and zeta function) are shown to, effectively,
belong to the given class. The final results depend strongly on the parity of
n. A detailed analytical and numerical analysis is performed for the behaviours
of the renormalised energy density and a quantity `sigma' which determines if
the strong energy condition holds for the `quantum fluid'. We briefly discuss
the quantum fluid back-reaction problem, via the higher dimensional Friedmann
and Raychaudhuri equations, observe that equilibrium radii exist and unveil the
possibility of a `Casimir stabilisation of Einstein Static Universes'.
| hep-th | we compute the renormalised energy momentum tensor of a free scalar field coupled to gravity on an n1dimensional einstein static universe esu rxsn with arbitrary low energy effective operators up to mass dimension n1 a generic class of regulators is used together with the abelplana formula leading to a manifestly regulator independent result the general structure of the divergences is analysed to show that all the gravitational couplings not just the cosmological constant are renormalised for an arbitrary regulator various commonly used methods damping function pointsplitting momentum cutoff and zeta function are shown to effectively belong to the given class the final results depend strongly on the parity of n a detailed analytical and numerical analysis is performed for the behaviours of the renormalised energy density and a quantity sigma which determines if the strong energy condition holds for the quantum fluid we briefly discuss the quantum fluid backreaction problem via the higher dimensional friedmann and raychaudhuri equations observe that equilibrium radii exist and unveil the possibility of a casimir stabilisation of einstein static universes | [['we', 'compute', 'the', 'renormalised', 'energy', 'momentum', 'tensor', 'of', 'a', 'free', 'scalar', 'field', 'coupled', 'to', 'gravity', 'on', 'an', 'n1dimensional', 'einstein', 'static', 'universe', 'esu', 'rxsn', 'with', 'arbitrary', 'low', 'energy', 'effective', 'operators', 'up', 'to', 'mass', 'dimension', 'n1', 'a', 'generic', 'class', 'of', 'regulators', 'is', 'used', 'together', 'with', 'the', 'abelplana', 'formula', 'leading', 'to', 'a', 'manifestly', 'regulator', 'independent', 'result', 'the', 'general', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'divergences', 'is', 'analysed', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'all', 'the', 'gravitational', 'couplings', 'not', 'just', 'the', 'cosmological', 'constant', 'are', 'renormalised', 'for', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'regulator', 'various', 'commonly', 'used', 'methods', 'damping', 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711.4565 | The importance of the remnant's mass for VLTP born again times.
Implications for V4334 Sgr and V605 Aql | We present numerical simulations of the very late thermal pulse (VLTP)
scenario for a wide range of remnant masses. We show that, by taking into
account the different possible remnant masses, the fast outburst evolution of
V4334 Sgr (a.k.a. Sakurai's Object) and V605 Aql can be reproduced within
standard 1D stellar evolution models. A dichotomy in the born again timescales
is found, with lower mass remnants evolving in a few years and higher mass
remnants (M $\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}$ 0.6
M$_{\odot}$) failing to expand due to the H-flash and, as a consequence,
evolving in timescales typical of He-shell flash driven born agains ($\sim 100$
yr).
| astro-ph | we present numerical simulations of the very late thermal pulse vltp scenario for a wide range of remnant masses we show that by taking into account the different possible remnant masses the fast outburst evolution of v4334 sgr aka sakurais object and v605 aql can be reproduced within standard 1d stellar evolution models a dichotomy in the born again timescales is found with lower mass remnants evolving in a few years and higher mass remnants m hboxrlaphboxlower4pthboxsimhbox 06 m_odot failing to expand due to the hflash and as a consequence evolving in timescales typical of heshell flash driven born agains sim 100 yr | [['we', 'present', 'numerical', 'simulations', 'of', 'the', 'very', 'late', 'thermal', 'pulse', 'vltp', 'scenario', 'for', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'remnant', 'masses', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'by', 'taking', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'different', 'possible', 'remnant', 'masses', 'the', 'fast', 'outburst', 'evolution', 'of', 'v4334', 'sgr', 'aka', 'sakurais', 'object', 'and', 'v605', 'aql', 'can', 'be', 'reproduced', 'within', 'standard', '1d', 'stellar', 'evolution', 'models', 'a', 'dichotomy', 'in', 'the', 'born', 'again', 'timescales', 'is', 'found', 'with', 'lower', 'mass', 'remnants', 'evolving', 'in', 'a', 'few', 'years', 'and', 'higher', 'mass', 'remnants', 'm', 'hboxrlaphboxlower4pthboxsimhbox', '06', 'm_odot', 'failing', 'to', 'expand', 'due', 'to', 'the', 'hflash', 'and', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'evolving', 'in', 'timescales', 'typical', 'of', 'heshell', 'flash', 'driven', 'born', 'agains', 'sim', '100', 'yr']] | [-0.08607739666108005, 0.18105787046179914, -0.0651048276259905, 0.13182182260327927, -0.05064908273997578, -0.09392594596795222, 0.05239879226284378, 0.3915530831949546, -0.17246134066493204, -0.3748076357832639, 0.0896149731799038, -0.21230712342352634, 0.01990108732318524, 0.22405125196829512, -0.034356763323603, -0.050535139222030005, 0.1410574717631582, -0.07558770492525384, -0.1158995695099797, -0.22429511673047697, 0.2515935600599237, 0.07173603566105266, 0.09438366087909678, -0.010263158755358492, 0.05770370588490352, -0.11255129910821077, -0.002875155739320239, -0.06779433179204122, -0.12654143478065824, -0.06290622300348513, 0.17686904649790358, 0.13966293737181637, 0.2252957526926357, -0.4422334730256312, -0.2469260885039031, 0.051113568486111, 0.22746073508100345, 0.03551507027736764, -0.08457323518295837, -0.26571338147957724, 0.08356942573912662, -0.31347158837067607, -0.18220929152304582, 0.0702064373071702, 0.10799936838632468, -0.001849295836550617, -0.20633476355694014, 0.15243087419410153, 0.03400182126477213, -0.015782177349146786, -0.13939992153422334, -0.08554526087413035, -0.05902799529641276, 0.04713693506079772, 0.0622956600146239, 0.06752608482619876, 0.14321210912871404, -0.0780724526595066, -0.02023458721503468, 0.42275216137197347, -0.1275091377999818, 0.03860229415597745, 0.23514920738664005, -0.2202248315068681, -0.15013872630119618, 0.1923826221782382, 0.1446859213652661, 0.1449566536380144, -0.1613678216362501, -0.01667985513905469, 0.009604872591646002, 0.19611175466411848, 0.052939300068036314, 0.03500746085889416, 0.336531501526179, 0.22199979927021973, -0.08944056335246504, 0.07128278951570945, -0.2022106140427808, -0.09626882842172509, -0.2034544148897328, -0.06210686438855263, -0.10204064927183755, 0.14031977989793856, -0.14652129074533835, -0.1206456506717028, 0.3356466089366096, 0.10869846965813328, 0.21699085455424716, 0.06000640788253876, 0.25788079833353655, 0.10229623125806118, 0.08455888558603307, 0.16127897913125114, 0.28990026661148754, 0.19138897064898053, 0.12567342282964453, -0.19021471015795474, 0.051972128801269106, 0.013187044982494104] |
711.4566 | The second type singularity of symplectic and Lagrangian mean curvature
flows | In this paper we mainly study the type II singularities of the mean curvature
flow from a symplectic surface or from an almost calibrated Lagrangian surface
in a K \"ahler-Einstein surface. We show the relation between the maximum of
the K\"ahler angle and the maximum of $|H|^2$ on the limit flow.
| math.DG math.AP | in this paper we mainly study the type ii singularities of the mean curvature flow from a symplectic surface or from an almost calibrated lagrangian surface in a k ahlereinstein surface we show the relation between the maximum of the kahler angle and the maximum of h2 on the limit flow | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'mainly', 'study', 'the', 'type', 'ii', 'singularities', 'of', 'the', 'mean', 'curvature', 'flow', 'from', 'a', 'symplectic', 'surface', 'or', 'from', 'an', 'almost', 'calibrated', 'lagrangian', 'surface', 'in', 'a', 'k', 'ahlereinstein', 'surface', 'we', 'show', 'the', 'relation', 'between', 'the', 'maximum', 'of', 'the', 'kahler', 'angle', 'and', 'the', 'maximum', 'of', 'h2', 'on', 'the', 'limit', 'flow']] | [-0.1577513809041942, 0.0750454174033389, -0.10373922331514311, 0.038012604035126664, -0.029554279192405587, -0.05981492285854092, 0.04016585884770999, 0.3476614358962751, -0.29247017898688127, -0.2694557138590836, 0.08979124663050707, -0.28545500885914354, -0.17112211801349095, 0.17577957540440062, -0.1007354956795918, 0.006883043686256689, 0.03419412059855519, 0.06933098490916047, -0.13500052979033367, -0.1836070757651446, 0.40286199120329874, -0.0005343252080766594, 0.25558285778570994, 0.11523804993268248, 0.10167980451575097, -0.03331126468073504, -0.015250350503871838, 0.06670221102003958, -0.21822330823131636, 0.14806293851842045, 0.14165663224297995, 0.04611774058282083, 0.16276199085747495, -0.3909452653891754, -0.21569884789413682, 0.12444035789253664, 0.08573223191642147, 0.07667366782312884, 0.006192782987365681, -0.217606039681271, 0.07612082521047663, -0.09961422379859083, -0.14375941440755247, 0.058088767634449055, -0.011904467134645172, 0.018813155952147116, -0.17048892539505864, 0.07774360326356163, 0.09993062489757351, 0.1379410479875172, -0.05649035047812789, -0.07787283824062814, -0.11372788418449607, 0.081746187814347, 0.0737348277413962, 0.05081150326969139, 0.08760568296865505, -0.16903491562469772, 0.008985302054925877, 0.36930711655055776, -0.17728941664830142, -0.1879556988749434, 0.12812702635339662, -0.15594633763619498, -0.06925237000298996, 0.1435665766726814, 0.20216797937766887, 0.19296324482260674, -0.11240326571186968, 0.11575759419436366, -0.02767770509144255, 0.13108966846530343, 0.08613680020047754, -0.06200449281901706, 0.20052519088209259, 0.10332972571418128, 0.15505601261176316, 0.08977098125672224, -0.15993711696115925, -0.04992355117756946, -0.3814509696893248, -0.22517289663208465, -0.15860342813253986, 0.1180254829791831, -0.12160432708475913, -0.16163054005443758, 0.38479939198084906, 0.02586739953132529, 0.2484723127940122, 0.07413379303818825, 0.2609941384517679, 0.07472123884979416, 0.02016723519373758, 0.13081838062726983, 0.27868823350553273, 0.18037268402529696, 0.037270393341268394, -0.26427151340370375, -0.031746355679762715, 0.10101935793371762] |
711.4567 | Guide for atomic and particle physicists to CODATA's recommended values
of the fundamental physical constants | The CODATA recommended values of the fundamental constants are widely applied
in particle, nuclear and atomic physics. They are a result of a complicated
evaluation (adjustment) of numerous correlated data of different nature. Their
application is often rather mechanical and as a result is not free of various
confusions which are discussed in this note.
| physics.atom-ph | the codata recommended values of the fundamental constants are widely applied in particle nuclear and atomic physics they are a result of a complicated evaluation adjustment of numerous correlated data of different nature their application is often rather mechanical and as a result is not free of various confusions which are discussed in this note | [['the', 'codata', 'recommended', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'fundamental', 'constants', 'are', 'widely', 'applied', 'in', 'particle', 'nuclear', 'and', 'atomic', 'physics', 'they', 'are', 'a', 'result', 'of', 'a', 'complicated', 'evaluation', 'adjustment', 'of', 'numerous', 'correlated', 'data', 'of', 'different', 'nature', 'their', 'application', 'is', 'often', 'rather', 'mechanical', 'and', 'as', 'a', 'result', 'is', 'not', 'free', 'of', 'various', 'confusions', 'which', 'are', 'discussed', 'in', 'this', 'note']] | [-0.07733604481274431, 0.1732397011057897, -0.07472051543776284, 0.12082867738579146, -0.08266197952695868, -0.11255909706550565, 0.021699157149784945, 0.3789813677695664, -0.25331009751693767, -0.3577285289087079, 0.14622352437793532, -0.23205607443709264, -0.14129948636347597, 0.25755234693642703, -0.06490717567503453, 0.06863226401857736, 0.049194922315126115, 0.0479711416346783, -0.05538105283313516, -0.22571709921414201, 0.2989549885757945, 0.055146935340863734, 0.2819416118108413, 0.0873364448081702, 0.01755591030020944, -0.012693105070767078, -0.08560751014473764, 0.03131749409843575, -0.10194299270144917, 0.16580798807977276, 0.29964665499600496, 0.11153820539739999, 0.2901567050001838, -0.3937117142094807, -0.18419909453527494, 0.07683240939355032, 0.0975627185840329, 0.13967022884594785, -0.05246019864624197, -0.2176335993561555, 0.026342835175720128, -0.16148181798952546, -0.09841745373030955, -0.08916963729160753, 0.03767359368926422, 0.0741174553097649, -0.23116330860859968, 0.07162003630602902, 0.06682383821091868, 0.10128569166091356, -0.07172800317321988, -0.1706058116291057, 0.03387960611461577, 0.1317643192766065, 0.0961710749850185, 0.006577599535442211, 0.172179300786758, -0.14058731126768345, -0.095834089002826, 0.4804154870184985, 0.014461429662663828, -0.2179961681873961, 0.2328404309058731, -0.08788158062168143, -0.1400245782072571, 0.09068296931853348, 0.1159765953282741, 0.10982567581602118, -0.18550069868903268, 0.06651928949127482, -0.04140155442397703, 0.13861924254081465, 0.05893215397372842, 0.06736167842014269, 0.16992780490439724, 0.12761303728277032, -0.013498851064253936, 0.05637999303977598, -0.024598179160701956, -0.13120561113861517, -0.3031526060774922, -0.1256186094389043, -0.19107082987373525, 0.03492761337732769, -0.049064798788061706, -0.19475583933632482, 0.37416905603286893, 0.1347980276088823, 0.19426784349012782, -0.07998256515499881, 0.2575073361735452, 0.1069469254612076, 0.04145775036463006, -0.026564436947757546, 0.27606033543971453, 0.13362073748457162, 0.08660028127276084, -0.15394984014670957, 0.10815821929242123, -0.012844574955207381] |
711.4568 | Quantifying Student Effort and Class Involvement in the Introductory
Higher Education Science Classroom | This note details a minimal effort program, Cash Participation, that
quantifies class participation while increasing class energy, decreasing
student apathy and removing student embraced anonymity.
| physics.ed-ph | this note details a minimal effort program cash participation that quantifies class participation while increasing class energy decreasing student apathy and removing student embraced anonymity | [['this', 'note', 'details', 'a', 'minimal', 'effort', 'program', 'cash', 'participation', 'that', 'quantifies', 'class', 'participation', 'while', 'increasing', 'class', 'energy', 'decreasing', 'student', 'apathy', 'and', 'removing', 'student', 'embraced', 'anonymity']] | [-0.09258226646731298, 0.149803015209424, -0.015261962291939804, 0.1416475105167289, -0.1987418319719533, -0.22064342984958785, 0.16282018250785768, 0.37025727403427783, -0.2823142046108842, -0.4214259816023211, 0.030367203813511878, -0.3692699227637301, -0.12327752316681047, 0.0731160768045811, -0.15451024344656616, 0.03020975486530612, 0.10104079265147448, -0.07413747189760518, -0.06495199149746138, -0.34792769498502213, 0.32853317509094876, 0.1840643190468351, 0.3368891194695607, 0.1232829544848452, 0.08601571359516431, 0.04324666650260648, -0.11282211511085431, 0.09839820365111034, -0.09639372221772646, 0.15882642522531873, 0.3667049723832558, 0.21311953252491853, 0.5747271861570576, -0.32129186384069425, -0.08811304000361513, 0.17252134036971256, 0.04830460996405842, 0.005923284984116132, -0.07110850765214612, -0.23001728610446057, -0.02710172045044601, -0.30688710215811926, -0.1320164252926285, -0.0531340066033105, -0.03323915065266192, -0.05480521420050385, -0.20244663084546724, -0.056829874287359416, 0.10326593567151576, 0.22018456955750784, 0.014278899024551114, -0.13819070102181286, -0.0655998068396002, 0.16696095340497172, 0.17940649176792553, 0.04320240552381923, 0.22547197124610344, -0.15850568585058986, -0.07238321953142683, 0.26435179511706036, 0.057793225472172104, -0.11860015431496625, 0.10564527724636719, -0.08374818596833696, -0.214293387097617, 0.1193946962011978, 0.23731005659404522, -0.0557557861902751, -0.16564326644099006, 0.03803432356168438, -0.09071815091495712, 0.25036002687799436, 0.016317670233547688, 0.05825628544941234, 0.1663843592007955, 0.1497724954970181, 0.13454854274944714, 0.10863546375185251, 0.09053334469596545, -0.10096170202208062, -0.2808811531867832, -0.21060574892908335, -0.1608618178482478, 0.06205662159482017, -0.010680558101133405, -0.08913237382512307, 0.43499887362122536, 0.11874637162933747, -0.013611547959347567, 0.2646848041719447, 0.24176239718993506, 0.036863333196379244, 0.03670171215586985, 0.12105481683587034, 0.1367651181256709, -0.0698669917571048, 0.21641168767625155, -0.24863859851999828, 0.23093606485053897, 0.010009520376722017] |
711.4569 | Conceptual problems in phenomenological interpretation in searches for
variation of constants & violation of various invariances | At present a number of current or proposed experiments are directed towards a
search for a `new physics' by detecting variations of fundamental physical
constants or violations of certain basic symmetries. Various problems related
to the phenomenology of such experiments are considered here.
| physics.atom-ph | at present a number of current or proposed experiments are directed towards a search for a new physics by detecting variations of fundamental physical constants or violations of certain basic symmetries various problems related to the phenomenology of such experiments are considered here | [['at', 'present', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'current', 'or', 'proposed', 'experiments', 'are', 'directed', 'towards', 'a', 'search', 'for', 'a', 'new', 'physics', 'by', 'detecting', 'variations', 'of', 'fundamental', 'physical', 'constants', 'or', 'violations', 'of', 'certain', 'basic', 'symmetries', 'various', 'problems', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'phenomenology', 'of', 'such', 'experiments', 'are', 'considered', 'here']] | [-0.13494345411485018, 0.18591408890693686, -0.01374071599309181, 0.0661520030089589, -0.11177162496849548, -0.13647692010543028, 0.045511076892834415, 0.3049423460697019, -0.29603366553783417, -0.361900445073843, 0.148431790158759, -0.25741398178560787, -0.14817213168541013, 0.2291822804971923, 0.011735393862139508, 0.11671504646886227, 0.027784150072135205, 0.03745393073836038, -0.07479455638243708, -0.1861319887170265, 0.3205655094149501, 0.04309138929644643, 0.24976405848987226, 0.1041497131863739, 0.06637364903161692, -0.047937113152773575, -0.04814844518943235, 0.05981799901658019, -0.1103540874887691, 0.14624306680851204, 0.2534716803753792, 0.15228886021907592, 0.2514276828530223, -0.4370603344814722, -0.24609603819458983, 0.10950801395919434, 0.09777177348841241, 0.11182999277560496, -0.14224994531291169, -0.2999218236330117, 0.07522137966656754, -0.07311478196535, -0.1362561707081663, -0.12091444178246134, 0.018062251598335976, 0.056584184177133234, -0.22662471434058146, 0.04601432684115892, 0.022297344273389426, 0.07857515303374724, 0.0025478539728494578, -0.15219504902745748, 0.06880598153301709, 0.11196313526611341, 0.06565564896824748, -0.040976019435410585, 0.11591261192116627, -0.20541791795471379, -0.2290804845302604, 0.46916618406079535, -0.002523910947317301, -0.1993704416929896, 0.2450418000997499, -0.08537505606059419, -0.21429895962653464, 0.062749556872214, 0.20569807652730582, 0.13531978184703825, -0.14867439710123595, 0.0300687316177023, -0.057324830464325675, 0.08936146453975938, 0.03508915504180761, 0.07003171705142704, 0.2581886650431295, 0.19118830544310947, 0.04486055843272181, 0.10742449306146523, -0.0633168077518687, -0.07872245105546574, -0.3687761660318735, -0.12495028471227648, -0.12331961415881335, 0.024615465988253437, -0.03450987502109519, -0.11704818012062894, 0.4366267523186844, 0.15862706686954858, 0.2068289136297481, 0.02160699496608834, 0.24084326837125214, 0.06543150377394848, 0.06336193533917499, 0.004899768808553385, 0.24675361346453428, 0.08526006618752903, 0.06685321029752146, -0.20652350037748557, 0.09149552844897953, 0.03305758131927876] |
711.457 | Development of one-coordinate gaseous detector for wide angle
diffraction studies | A one-coordinate gaseous detector of soft X-ray photons for wide-angle X-ray
scattering (WAXS) studies is being developed. The detector operates in counting
mode and is based on multi-stage Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM). Full size
detector is assembled and has 67 degrees aperture with 350mm distance to the
source, readout multi-strip structure with 2048 strips at 0.2mm pitch and is
partially equipped with readout electronics in the central part. Main
parameters of the detector have been measured with 8keV X-ray beam at VEPP-3
synchrotron ring. Spatial resolution of 470 um (FWHM) has been demonstrated
that will allow to distinguish diffraction spots at 0.1 degrees.
| physics.ins-det | a onecoordinate gaseous detector of soft xray photons for wideangle xray scattering waxs studies is being developed the detector operates in counting mode and is based on multistage gas electron multipliergem full size detector is assembled and has 67 degrees aperture with 350mm distance to the source readout multistrip structure with 2048 strips at 02mm pitch and is partially equipped with readout electronics in the central part main parameters of the detector have been measured with 8kev xray beam at vepp3 synchrotron ring spatial resolution of 470 um fwhm has been demonstrated that will allow to distinguish diffraction spots at 01 degrees | [['a', 'onecoordinate', 'gaseous', 'detector', 'of', 'soft', 'xray', 'photons', 'for', 'wideangle', 'xray', 'scattering', 'waxs', 'studies', 'is', 'being', 'developed', 'the', 'detector', 'operates', 'in', 'counting', 'mode', 'and', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'multistage', 'gas', 'electron', 'multipliergem', 'full', 'size', 'detector', 'is', 'assembled', 'and', 'has', '67', 'degrees', 'aperture', 'with', '350mm', 'distance', 'to', 'the', 'source', 'readout', 'multistrip', 'structure', 'with', '2048', 'strips', 'at', '02mm', 'pitch', 'and', 'is', 'partially', 'equipped', 'with', 'readout', 'electronics', 'in', 'the', 'central', 'part', 'main', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'detector', 'have', 'been', 'measured', 'with', '8kev', 'xray', 'beam', 'at', 'vepp3', 'synchrotron', 'ring', 'spatial', 'resolution', 'of', '470', 'um', 'fwhm', 'has', 'been', 'demonstrated', 'that', 'will', 'allow', 'to', 'distinguish', 'diffraction', 'spots', 'at', '01', 'degrees']] | [-0.07059884410875383, 0.1379265432106331, -0.0535417203605175, -0.025182934205513447, -0.04555376851931214, -0.16335311875212938, -0.06196942411188502, 0.4892722588032484, -0.17644380387384445, -0.35185524088330566, 0.10243308120639995, -0.36978783586993813, 0.06678880536928773, 0.19479864907218145, -0.017992646447382868, 0.08619757903798017, 0.04581185208633542, -0.06792019228683785, -0.04838015299057588, -0.15701629781862722, 0.21258247973164543, 0.1692886552819982, 0.2637871123244986, 0.04369938152842224, 0.2062568053137511, 0.025310769458301366, -0.04652602615358774, -0.017036197129637002, -0.08039754222416377, 0.03299047675682232, 0.2846042949706316, 0.03868888251832686, 0.1617507455893792, -0.38557644276879727, -0.17439579260535537, -0.0034263568959431723, 0.11783418838400393, -0.025546731278300285, -0.044933472350239756, -0.24513974002795294, 0.10577772913500666, -0.16823868460953237, -0.17419861455913632, 0.05359713938087225, 0.0030875563714653255, 0.029346934650093318, -0.21489914739329832, 0.004307296117767692, -0.01724349529715255, 0.06712880675448105, -0.009582372000440955, -0.11403757232241332, 0.026446288060396908, 0.024165022261440752, -0.06368341696448625, 0.06774925801903009, 0.203576197065413, -0.07222454886941705, -0.09510335329105146, 0.30342765955254436, 0.010418670461313013, -0.08594091299921275, 0.20560841230908408, -0.2612492557056248, -0.06266909019090235, 0.2872504575271159, 0.13973437721462686, 0.05383415535558015, -0.18313389960268978, 0.04696915315289516, -0.01273350157774985, 0.3187541159859393, 0.15810043917037547, 0.08017286791000515, 0.2680738247931004, 0.2579731034883298, 0.02971608874417143, 0.1465792826609686, -0.3070212459634058, 0.020231249150820075, -0.22708791914395987, -0.0846730816201307, -0.13591831236699364, 0.039981784010306, -0.006852114772918867, -0.09404724150896072, 0.3494239192735404, 0.06041037497110665, 0.1266979314829223, -0.021380556931253524, 0.33313196666538714, 0.05544295617146418, 0.17297794950427486, 0.02388729707337916, 0.28230556049384176, 0.17613816737663002, 0.12304290218744426, -0.21073089689947666, 0.015398850245401264, -0.005635453327558934] |
711.4571 | E-pile model of self-organized criticality | The concept of percolation is combined with a self-consistent treatment of
the interaction between the dynamics on a lattice and the external drive. Such
a treatment can provide a mechanism by which the system evolves to criticality
without fine tuning, thus offering a route to self-organized criticality (SOC)
which in many cases is more natural than the weak random drive combined with
boundary loss/dissipation as used in standard sand-pile formulations. We
introduce a new metaphor, the e-pile model, and a formalism for electric
conduction in random media to compute critical exponents for such a system.
Variations of the model apply to a number of other physical problems, such as
electric plasma discharges, dielectric relaxation, and the dynamics of the
Earth's magnetotail.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | the concept of percolation is combined with a selfconsistent treatment of the interaction between the dynamics on a lattice and the external drive such a treatment can provide a mechanism by which the system evolves to criticality without fine tuning thus offering a route to selforganized criticality soc which in many cases is more natural than the weak random drive combined with boundary lossdissipation as used in standard sandpile formulations we introduce a new metaphor the epile model and a formalism for electric conduction in random media to compute critical exponents for such a system variations of the model apply to a number of other physical problems such as electric plasma discharges dielectric relaxation and the dynamics of the earths magnetotail | [['the', 'concept', 'of', 'percolation', 'is', 'combined', 'with', 'a', 'selfconsistent', 'treatment', 'of', 'the', 'interaction', 'between', 'the', 'dynamics', 'on', 'a', 'lattice', 'and', 'the', 'external', 'drive', 'such', 'a', 'treatment', 'can', 'provide', 'a', 'mechanism', 'by', 'which', 'the', 'system', 'evolves', 'to', 'criticality', 'without', 'fine', 'tuning', 'thus', 'offering', 'a', 'route', 'to', 'selforganized', 'criticality', 'soc', 'which', 'in', 'many', 'cases', 'is', 'more', 'natural', 'than', 'the', 'weak', 'random', 'drive', 'combined', 'with', 'boundary', 'lossdissipation', 'as', 'used', 'in', 'standard', 'sandpile', 'formulations', 'we', 'introduce', 'a', 'new', 'metaphor', 'the', 'epile', 'model', 'and', 'a', 'formalism', 'for', 'electric', 'conduction', 'in', 'random', 'media', 'to', 'compute', 'critical', 'exponents', 'for', 'such', 'a', 'system', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'apply', 'to', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'other', 'physical', 'problems', 'such', 'as', 'electric', 'plasma', 'discharges', 'dielectric', 'relaxation', 'and', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'earths', 'magnetotail']] | [-0.12541061294355094, 0.16704991539282835, -0.07348656684097622, 0.05375198902710959, -0.055311323840077184, -0.1523500446253652, 0.06738187875129095, 0.3422889417524551, -0.2697350618335567, -0.3079172198801544, 0.06429832370877422, -0.2401784566238898, -0.166745766073841, 0.1969868450409913, 0.003688917392590905, 0.04599704377807113, -0.01502249391060792, 0.0021698287624118363, -0.02229425232826161, -0.15093001461893069, 0.26712465679132136, 0.047376760074227045, 0.2674592588128162, 0.06862235049709302, 0.0670203777898823, -0.00022365349665785035, 0.06584237341792519, 0.07333846742071995, -0.0850076355101705, 0.08898687263668961, 0.17058764790241537, 0.04138061296421753, 0.29146589274347484, -0.4605612553530881, -0.29031942477997613, 0.056678810524715094, 0.10264814112085004, 0.13146170089021325, -0.035402632224155364, -0.25307538820931513, 0.03593243541931655, -0.17810287219941803, -0.14839162610025153, -0.07234388687393527, 0.005689762223574544, 0.03139262892180631, -0.33340279401882605, 0.044004296026967406, 0.06834577991306282, 0.07474542949974787, -0.09030351116705466, -0.053457619945182146, -0.00970109031700036, 0.1330492879271883, 0.026137204060111854, 0.05208074585573763, 0.17714390657184756, -0.15559115205273158, -0.12999883636894846, 0.4398940253001051, -0.05954109291810671, -0.20384631849856688, 0.23826216254578983, -0.11537971209437281, -0.09769513858717029, 0.09915736292199302, 0.1970418668078149, 0.0805931050025177, -0.15582320510219985, 0.039524198234366925, -0.01249995714096556, 0.13359031240854943, 0.012417756482770964, 0.007250139466291215, 0.2273670075414311, 0.2109989582114861, 0.08775362881739866, 0.16242230746713116, -0.055234061994300296, -0.12103490150111, -0.2724230777190513, -0.13606079676002777, -0.15007572822241472, 0.07661002886700718, -0.09406393071200733, -0.24353919903739912, 0.4192568005704391, 0.20298602356880652, 0.18277590501145655, 0.010731933914328447, 0.259355062728419, 0.12122024387363814, 0.054365650367210895, 0.053582543321345155, 0.20514027600982734, 0.12495494536280695, 0.13395337473616756, -0.22965456972665646, 0.07551150788560886, 0.08216866646979411] |
711.4572 | Radio Circular Polarization Produced in Helical Magnetic Fields in Eight
Active Galactic Nuclei | Homan & Lister (2006) have recently published circular-polarization (CP)
detections for 34 objects in the MOJAVE sample - a set of bright, compact AGN
being monitored by the Very Long Baseline Array at 15 GHz. We report the
detection of 15-GHz parsec-scale CP in two more AGN (3C345 and 2231+114), and
confirm the MOJAVE detection of CP in 1633+382. It is generally believed that
the most likely mechanism for the generation of this CP is Faraday conversion
of linear polarization to CP. A helical jet magnetic-field (B-field) geometry
can facilitate this process - linearly polarized emission from the far side of
the jet is converted to CP as it passes through the magnetised plasma at the
front side of the jet on its way toward the observer. In this case, the sign of
the generated CP is essentially determined by the pitch angle and helicity of
the helical B field. We have determined the pitch-angle regimes and helicities
of the helical jet B fields in 8 AGN for which parsec-scale CP has been
detected, and used them to predict the expected CP signs for these AGN if the
CP is generated via conversion in these helical fields. We have obtained the
intriguing result that our predictions agree with the observed signs in all
eight cases, provided that the longitudinal B-field components in the jets
correspond to South magnetic poles. This clearly non-random pattern
demonstrates that the observed CP in AGN is directly associated with the
presence of helical jet B fields. These results suggest that helical B fields
are ubiquitous in AGN jets.
| astro-ph | homan lister 2006 have recently published circularpolarization cp detections for 34 objects in the mojave sample a set of bright compact agn being monitored by the very long baseline array at 15 ghz we report the detection of 15ghz parsecscale cp in two more agn 3c345 and 2231114 and confirm the mojave detection of cp in 1633382 it is generally believed that the most likely mechanism for the generation of this cp is faraday conversion of linear polarization to cp a helical jet magneticfield bfield geometry can facilitate this process linearly polarized emission from the far side of the jet is converted to cp as it passes through the magnetised plasma at the front side of the jet on its way toward the observer in this case the sign of the generated cp is essentially determined by the pitch angle and helicity of the helical b field we have determined the pitchangle regimes and helicities of the helical jet b fields in 8 agn for which parsecscale cp has been detected and used them to predict the expected cp signs for these agn if the cp is generated via conversion in these helical fields we have obtained the intriguing result that our predictions agree with the observed signs in all eight cases provided that the longitudinal bfield components in the jets correspond to south magnetic poles this clearly nonrandom pattern demonstrates that the observed cp in agn is directly associated with the presence of helical jet b fields these results suggest that helical b fields are ubiquitous in agn jets | [['homan', 'lister', '2006', 'have', 'recently', 'published', 'circularpolarization', 'cp', 'detections', 'for', '34', 'objects', 'in', 'the', 'mojave', 'sample', 'a', 'set', 'of', 'bright', 'compact', 'agn', 'being', 'monitored', 'by', 'the', 'very', 'long', 'baseline', 'array', 'at', '15', 'ghz', 'we', 'report', 'the', 'detection', 'of', '15ghz', 'parsecscale', 'cp', 'in', 'two', 'more', 'agn', '3c345', 'and', '2231114', 'and', 'confirm', 'the', 'mojave', 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|
711.4573 | A Note On Computing Set Overlap Classes | Let ${\cal V}$ be a finite set of $n$ elements and ${\cal F}=\{X_1,X_2, >...,
X_m\}$ a family of $m$ subsets of ${\cal V}.$ Two sets $X_i$ and $X_j$ of
${\cal F}$ overlap if $X_i \cap X_j \neq \emptyset,$ $X_j \setminus X_i \neq
\emptyset,$ and $X_i \setminus X_j \neq \emptyset.$ Two sets $X,Y\in {\cal F}$
are in the same overlap class if there is a series $X=X_1,X_2, ..., X_k=Y$ of
sets of ${\cal F}$ in which each $X_iX_{i+1}$ overlaps. In this note, we focus
on efficiently identifying all overlap classes in $O(n+\sum_{i=1}^m |X_i|)$
time. We thus revisit the clever algorithm of Dahlhaus of which we give a clear
presentation and that we simplify to make it practical and implementable in its
real worst case complexity. An useful variant of Dahlhaus's approach is also
explained.
| cs.DS | let cal v be a finite set of n elements and cal fx_1x_2 x_m a family of m subsets of cal v two sets x_i and x_j of cal f overlap if x_i cap x_j neq emptyset x_j setminus x_i neq emptyset and x_i setminus x_j neq emptyset two sets xyin cal f are in the same overlap class if there is a series xx_1x_2 x_ky of sets of cal f in which each x_ix_i1 overlaps in this note we focus on efficiently identifying all overlap classes in onsum_i1m x_i time we thus revisit the clever algorithm of dahlhaus of which we give a clear presentation and that we simplify to make it practical and implementable in its real worst case complexity an useful variant of dahlhauss approach is also explained | [['let', 'cal', 'v', 'be', 'a', 'finite', 'set', 'of', 'n', 'elements', 'and', 'cal', 'fx_1x_2', 'x_m', 'a', 'family', 'of', 'm', 'subsets', 'of', 'cal', 'v', 'two', 'sets', 'x_i', 'and', 'x_j', 'of', 'cal', 'f', 'overlap', 'if', 'x_i', 'cap', 'x_j', 'neq', 'emptyset', 'x_j', 'setminus', 'x_i', 'neq', 'emptyset', 'and', 'x_i', 'setminus', 'x_j', 'neq', 'emptyset', 'two', 'sets', 'xyin', 'cal', 'f', 'are', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'overlap', 'class', 'if', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'series', 'xx_1x_2', 'x_ky', 'of', 'sets', 'of', 'cal', 'f', 'in', 'which', 'each', 'x_ix_i1', 'overlaps', 'in', 'this', 'note', 'we', 'focus', 'on', 'efficiently', 'identifying', 'all', 'overlap', 'classes', 'in', 'onsum_i1m', 'x_i', 'time', 'we', 'thus', 'revisit', 'the', 'clever', 'algorithm', 'of', 'dahlhaus', 'of', 'which', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'clear', 'presentation', 'and', 'that', 'we', 'simplify', 'to', 'make', 'it', 'practical', 'and', 'implementable', 'in', 'its', 'real', 'worst', 'case', 'complexity', 'an', 'useful', 'variant', 'of', 'dahlhauss', 'approach', 'is', 'also', 'explained']] | [-0.22327380862751212, 0.11013132174846323, -0.003890888667990302, -0.011929401112612077, -0.041133769818531105, -0.21629785308469981, 0.04327161618068006, 0.3819318925456483, -0.30639613572983687, -0.13496325844032472, -0.008469642810487413, -0.3585109481183711, -0.11472185491403752, 0.1003585418437196, -0.11533547167182547, -0.02952636213289112, 0.02469898301516046, 0.07653543418056744, -0.05951176929042148, -0.2815367943434001, 0.26789260670080667, -0.14981576372948727, 0.14561399307224698, -0.0002087893103458738, 0.09264665308170193, -0.012639366758106521, 0.03305865047398464, 0.004526425569946336, -0.19101848131499854, 0.03749926574889195, 0.28060640546298304, 0.24109414163182757, 0.29347104943075847, -0.37643474571464597, -0.04265930622548962, 0.2811691207926749, 0.18567239719103704, -0.10245946187764234, 0.056626631671656644, -0.2511028437171305, 0.12136159978027261, -0.12977221398614347, -0.09513719580425022, -0.03389731910830551, 0.1670932810313191, 0.0010827901690129854, -0.38940969623567523, 0.00460232958687621, 0.11601494192353327, 0.053005071385770805, 0.07969620792725839, -0.23664899225628308, -0.05460128694043545, 0.03440782115181056, -0.016079337484123865, 0.14555537889083459, 0.02449443861264591, -0.03261776761036338, -0.05321859430824948, 0.37389905091741504, -0.01079144238227213, -0.24927994704177214, 0.04151964934124041, -0.18423513685490273, -0.22333519417402703, 0.06938599718034325, 0.08344376744529189, 0.19453865309902865, -0.06246201412990516, 0.25915970473754213, -0.11221892181639523, 0.11149811907129925, 0.08987778844311833, 0.05025834253404376, 0.13523838441826172, 0.043372936752559835, 0.08314633305913718, 0.08528536197985703, -0.00919065455357407, 0.04406540980382079, -0.43649246916896844, -0.12111974344588816, -0.1990097283174522, 0.15254978176437375, -0.10666683502438887, -0.15163846820044194, 0.304477746396275, 0.14885818519153046, 0.2254061239172322, 0.07006121804042495, 0.19967956166505063, 0.05236756034087581, -0.07177544762777496, 0.13335940008622038, 0.034360585532100626, 0.10015832850810631, -0.05200413489432702, -0.17307759899025163, 0.026726204270222622, 0.13267938458801123] |
711.4574 | Direct Numerical Simulation of structural vacillation in the transition
to geostrophic turbulence | The onset of small-scale fluctuations around a steady convection pattern in a
rotating baroclinic annulus filled with air is investigated using Direct
Numerical Simulation. In previous laboratory experiments of baroclinic waves,
such fluctuations have been associated with a flow regime termed Structural
Vacillation which is regarded as the first step in the transition to
fully-developed geostrophic turbulence.
| physics.geo-ph nlin.CD | the onset of smallscale fluctuations around a steady convection pattern in a rotating baroclinic annulus filled with air is investigated using direct numerical simulation in previous laboratory experiments of baroclinic waves such fluctuations have been associated with a flow regime termed structural vacillation which is regarded as the first step in the transition to fullydeveloped geostrophic turbulence | [['the', 'onset', 'of', 'smallscale', 'fluctuations', 'around', 'a', 'steady', 'convection', 'pattern', 'in', 'a', 'rotating', 'baroclinic', 'annulus', 'filled', 'with', 'air', 'is', 'investigated', 'using', 'direct', 'numerical', 'simulation', 'in', 'previous', 'laboratory', 'experiments', 'of', 'baroclinic', 'waves', 'such', 'fluctuations', 'have', 'been', 'associated', 'with', 'a', 'flow', 'regime', 'termed', 'structural', 'vacillation', 'which', 'is', 'regarded', 'as', 'the', 'first', 'step', 'in', 'the', 'transition', 'to', 'fullydeveloped', 'geostrophic', 'turbulence']] | [-0.20414281268849185, 0.22334065608549536, -0.08954462172104079, 0.03385105480341927, -0.02427385724558119, -0.033112856257184034, -0.0665505957920431, 0.28546564702532795, -0.27728248482341306, -0.2375010235006349, 0.12672645028623378, -0.2554545181950456, -0.12564066352665818, 0.198760940317522, 0.032580837599214235, 0.12396195632193172, 0.05029062332029928, -0.040438936998773566, 0.005719072704219766, -0.07172304477232198, 0.2786202255897878, 0.12887518790860972, 0.27756460595941335, -0.017284391268172807, 0.05950949765872537, -0.20104781690200693, -0.00706753936155062, 0.075728432516355, -0.1926483977422641, -0.05703770951776389, 0.26539090992637765, -0.005147309855378249, 0.2887754085669784, -0.5064298099462401, -0.33139767684042454, 0.018149802800300614, 0.20572522514614097, 0.11074047314060297, -0.09246760147078403, -0.2616899151747164, 0.06461689846688196, -0.17822938924655318, -0.10880896731753621, -0.007027388248069768, -0.004177322888975604, 0.015043130945087526, -0.28774555524190265, 0.17875108715522578, 0.06392161439483364, 0.148826193489265, -0.07287266169135508, -0.03484529445536042, -0.09442621874704696, 0.09698565262614896, 0.08293951254566773, 0.056804545615848745, 0.1575492444252105, -0.1523485500018292, -0.06419230476348546, 0.39482673773901505, -0.12278373029671218, -0.19069534290189805, 0.1833316867909672, -0.19465377570636438, -0.0648943519693587, 0.20827022260218336, 0.1932868655574949, 0.08769540866150667, -0.03732339609741119, -0.048066590487826286, -0.10038032850430331, 0.12576655203705295, 0.11204883674764189, -0.09036972137625542, 0.26970786564542276, 0.28337729469007045, 0.033838452789687404, 0.16115560194706186, -0.1454246023949644, -0.13929945152873793, -0.2797203297939217, -0.10864985180332472, -0.14363483321575218, 0.026582827905944566, -0.0028820658207813835, -0.198980296234878, 0.33859923736829506, 0.12129825073204477, 0.13752763608078422, -0.04232237780703591, 0.31142067648429556, 0.09318142156974461, 0.01931419011140079, 0.1528602552583866, 0.31974587127108844, 0.20200448136025093, 0.1875799149274826, -0.23219505235095295, 0.048479332690731736, 0.06820670392756399] |
711.4575 | Precession, nutation, and space geodetic determination of the Earth's
variable gravity field | Precession and nutation of the Earth depend on the Earth's dynamical
flattening, H, which is closely related to the second degree zonal coefficient,
J2 of the geopotential. A small secular decrease as well as seasonal variations
of this coefficient have been detected by precise measurements of artificial
satellites (Nerem et al. 1993; Cazenave et al. 1995) which have to be taken
into account for modelling precession and nutation at a microarcsecond accuracy
in order to be in agreement with the accuracy of current VLBI determinations of
the Earth orientation parameters. However, the large uncertainties in the
theoretical models for these J2 variations (for example a recent change in the
observed secular trend) is one of the most important causes of why the accuracy
of the precession-nutation models is limited (Williams 1994; Capitaine et al.
2003). We have investigated in this paper how the use of the variations of J2
observed by space geodetic techniques can influence the theoretical expressions
for precession and nutation. We have used time series of J2 obtained by the
"Groupe de Recherches en G\'eod\'esie spatiale" (GRGS) from the precise orbit
determination of several artificial satellites from 1985 to 2002 to evaluate
the effect of the corresponding constant, secular and periodic parts of H and
we have discussed the best way of taking the observed variations into account.
We have concluded that, although a realistic estimation of the J2 rate must
rely not only on space geodetic observations over a limited period but also on
other kinds of observations, the monitoring of periodic variations in J2 could
be used for predicting the effects on the periodic part of the
precession-nutation motion.
| astro-ph physics.space-ph | precession and nutation of the earth depend on the earths dynamical flattening h which is closely related to the second degree zonal coefficient j2 of the geopotential a small secular decrease as well as seasonal variations of this coefficient have been detected by precise measurements of artificial satellites nerem et al 1993 cazenave et al 1995 which have to be taken into account for modelling precession and nutation at a microarcsecond accuracy in order to be in agreement with the accuracy of current vlbi determinations of the earth orientation parameters however the large uncertainties in the theoretical models for these j2 variations for example a recent change in the observed secular trend is one of the most important causes of why the accuracy of the precessionnutation models is limited williams 1994 capitaine et al 2003 we have investigated in this paper how the use of the variations of j2 observed by space geodetic techniques can influence the theoretical expressions for precession and nutation we have used time series of j2 obtained by the groupe de recherches en geodesie spatiale grgs from the precise orbit determination of several artificial satellites from 1985 to 2002 to evaluate the effect of the corresponding constant secular and periodic parts of h and we have discussed the best way of taking the observed variations into account we have concluded that although a realistic estimation of the j2 rate must rely not only on space geodetic observations over a limited period but also on other kinds of observations the monitoring of periodic variations in j2 could be used for predicting the effects on the periodic part of the precessionnutation motion | [['precession', 'and', 'nutation', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'depend', 'on', 'the', 'earths', 'dynamical', 'flattening', 'h', 'which', 'is', 'closely', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'second', 'degree', 'zonal', 'coefficient', 'j2', 'of', 'the', 'geopotential', 'a', 'small', 'secular', 'decrease', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'seasonal', 'variations', 'of', 'this', 'coefficient', 'have', 'been', 'detected', 'by', 'precise', 'measurements', 'of', 'artificial', 'satellites', 'nerem', 'et', 'al', '1993', 'cazenave', 'et', 'al', '1995', 'which', 'have', 'to', 'be', 'taken', 'into', 'account', 'for', 'modelling', 'precession', 'and', 'nutation', 'at', 'a', 'microarcsecond', 'accuracy', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'accuracy', 'of', 'current', 'vlbi', 'determinations', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'orientation', 'parameters', 'however', 'the', 'large', 'uncertainties', 'in', 'the', 'theoretical', 'models', 'for', 'these', 'j2', 'variations', 'for', 'example', 'a', 'recent', 'change', 'in', 'the', 'observed', 'secular', 'trend', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'causes', 'of', 'why', 'the', 'accuracy', 'of', 'the', 'precessionnutation', 'models', 'is', 'limited', 'williams', '1994', 'capitaine', 'et', 'al', '2003', 'we', 'have', 'investigated', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'how', 'the', 'use', 'of', 'the', 'variations', 'of', 'j2', 'observed', 'by', 'space', 'geodetic', 'techniques', 'can', 'influence', 'the', 'theoretical', 'expressions', 'for', 'precession', 'and', 'nutation', 'we', 'have', 'used', 'time', 'series', 'of', 'j2', 'obtained', 'by', 'the', 'groupe', 'de', 'recherches', 'en', 'geodesie', 'spatiale', 'grgs', 'from', 'the', 'precise', 'orbit', 'determination', 'of', 'several', 'artificial', 'satellites', 'from', '1985', 'to', '2002', 'to', 'evaluate', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'constant', 'secular', 'and', 'periodic', 'parts', 'of', 'h', 'and', 'we', 'have', 'discussed', 'the', 'best', 'way', 'of', 'taking', 'the', 'observed', 'variations', 'into', 'account', 'we', 'have', 'concluded', 'that', 'although', 'a', 'realistic', 'estimation', 'of', 'the', 'j2', 'rate', 'must', 'rely', 'not', 'only', 'on', 'space', 'geodetic', 'observations', 'over', 'a', 'limited', 'period', 'but', 'also', 'on', 'other', 'kinds', 'of', 'observations', 'the', 'monitoring', 'of', 'periodic', 'variations', 'in', 'j2', 'could', 'be', 'used', 'for', 'predicting', 'the', 'effects', 'on', 'the', 'periodic', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'precessionnutation', 'motion']] | [-0.117004318617373, 0.1038236206319804, -0.055828673473758465, 0.04206529875360975, -0.09657376300673182, -0.049611244388624014, 0.012977167131164325, 0.3414987802553253, -0.21591035862182073, -0.3577724740509585, 0.11489216658293573, -0.24756174059004793, -0.1311616016681487, 0.22781277022873744, -0.08918661701803406, 0.025222541902968215, 0.06799537204581248, -0.0076515596810278, -0.04326981271705812, -0.2587792613277478, 0.23410698580777362, 0.10398043930742057, 0.1829329549962648, 0.017931364819530275, 0.0826086905365298, 0.009053289402453672, -0.05887215130251573, 0.018090184286514797, -0.166190758477066, 0.09108024079057528, 0.21172362407461007, 0.07070789644854986, 0.21849280177195976, -0.4027391749301127, -0.2276560523608638, 0.065209510334364, 0.10415507504787302, 0.10056426942189849, 0.019166826989054815, -0.2978215133941872, 0.011960754203422493, -0.1873373675664683, -0.13293533921139417, -0.059473437013193256, 0.13053446753298517, 0.03259208913715113, -0.2497377726752584, 0.12297995746783459, 0.07750017719745002, 0.11506032228347036, -0.08691707610889532, -0.14946349663489358, -0.0384575788779423, 0.1461315231530794, 0.08039836611533913, 0.05338475042476486, 0.09192890967941765, -0.03733504428111947, -0.10677203963145668, 0.3969644720183392, -0.10721801119539273, -0.13271986263558513, 0.16034053141872087, -0.19147921635192774, -0.17202094785916883, 0.11638864632030683, 0.18633594347339724, 0.10037407035437915, -0.10470959803109968, 0.07294816594002018, -0.007496700211063082, 0.1490935445251455, 0.10870589355463947, -0.004392269349149761, 0.23293886745464562, 0.1061197177860067, 0.014793966135654885, 0.034835464905925276, -0.16385380121292512, -0.07370042088403173, -0.21292408633356294, -0.09224744772900155, -0.152235631875339, 0.01310725261176034, -0.05817946752987677, -0.10962817197129976, 0.38663627208302637, 0.1609323683310805, 0.20817495129265629, -0.007329097564328776, 0.2758034977894754, 0.10186614699349585, 0.06319177177234257, 0.06521374188302147, 0.3348713080043096, 0.12173301116529266, 0.10539991279932646, -0.2655512038691885, 0.12505251427663783, 0.0388277126510283] |
711.4576 | Seismic Rayleigh waves on an exponentially graded, orthotropic
half-space | Efforts at modelling the propagation of seismic waves in half-spaces with
continuously varying properties have been mostly focused on shear-horizontal
waves. Here a sagittaly polarized (Rayleigh type) wave travels along a symmetry
axis (and is attenuated along another) of an orthotropic material with
stiffnesses and mass density varying in the same exponential manner with depth.
Contrary to what could be expected at first sight, the analysis is very similar
to that of the homogeneous half-space, with the main and capital difference
that the Rayleigh wave is now dispersive. The results are illustrated
numerically for (i) an orthotropic half-space typical of horizontally layered
and vertically fractured shales and (ii) for an isotropic half-space made of
silica. In both examples, the wave travels at a slower speed and penetrates
deeper than in the homogeneous case; in the second example, the inhomogeneity
can force the wave amplitude to oscillate as well as decay with depth, in
marked contrast with the homogeneous isotropic general case.
| physics.geo-ph | efforts at modelling the propagation of seismic waves in halfspaces with continuously varying properties have been mostly focused on shearhorizontal waves here a sagittaly polarized rayleigh type wave travels along a symmetry axis and is attenuated along another of an orthotropic material with stiffnesses and mass density varying in the same exponential manner with depth contrary to what could be expected at first sight the analysis is very similar to that of the homogeneous halfspace with the main and capital difference that the rayleigh wave is now dispersive the results are illustrated numerically for i an orthotropic halfspace typical of horizontally layered and vertically fractured shales and ii for an isotropic halfspace made of silica in both examples the wave travels at a slower speed and penetrates deeper than in the homogeneous case in the second example the inhomogeneity can force the wave amplitude to oscillate as well as decay with depth in marked contrast with the homogeneous isotropic general case | [['efforts', 'at', 'modelling', 'the', 'propagation', 'of', 'seismic', 'waves', 'in', 'halfspaces', 'with', 'continuously', 'varying', 'properties', 'have', 'been', 'mostly', 'focused', 'on', 'shearhorizontal', 'waves', 'here', 'a', 'sagittaly', 'polarized', 'rayleigh', 'type', 'wave', 'travels', 'along', 'a', 'symmetry', 'axis', 'and', 'is', 'attenuated', 'along', 'another', 'of', 'an', 'orthotropic', 'material', 'with', 'stiffnesses', 'and', 'mass', 'density', 'varying', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'exponential', 'manner', 'with', 'depth', 'contrary', 'to', 'what', 'could', 'be', 'expected', 'at', 'first', 'sight', 'the', 'analysis', 'is', 'very', 'similar', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'homogeneous', 'halfspace', 'with', 'the', 'main', 'and', 'capital', 'difference', 'that', 'the', 'rayleigh', 'wave', 'is', 'now', 'dispersive', 'the', 'results', 'are', 'illustrated', 'numerically', 'for', 'i', 'an', 'orthotropic', 'halfspace', 'typical', 'of', 'horizontally', 'layered', 'and', 'vertically', 'fractured', 'shales', 'and', 'ii', 'for', 'an', 'isotropic', 'halfspace', 'made', 'of', 'silica', 'in', 'both', 'examples', 'the', 'wave', 'travels', 'at', 'a', 'slower', 'speed', 'and', 'penetrates', 'deeper', 'than', 'in', 'the', 'homogeneous', 'case', 'in', 'the', 'second', 'example', 'the', 'inhomogeneity', 'can', 'force', 'the', 'wave', 'amplitude', 'to', 'oscillate', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'decay', 'with', 'depth', 'in', 'marked', 'contrast', 'with', 'the', 'homogeneous', 'isotropic', 'general', 'case']] | [-0.1119671592838131, 0.1916892878037288, -0.030522927590391193, -0.0013309609559655656, -0.08576114219904411, -0.0962557671169634, -0.04164834931725636, 0.42472176215960644, -0.2680330454488285, -0.21681836946263502, 0.1034229825658258, -0.3076895650709048, -0.11655287397152278, 0.20959315717918797, 0.025440232225810176, 0.04374991880613379, -0.00126447166185244, 0.012532913021277636, -0.05876574119029101, -0.19393069963844028, 0.3175083871232346, 0.06620600634487346, 0.30981353305687664, 0.00793312826717738, 0.047720765534904785, -0.000319370735087432, -0.0018266422770466307, 0.036309879791224374, -0.12618615809524272, 0.06564196661493042, 0.2052513337082928, 0.011835076865099835, 0.22335249144234695, -0.4770919477276038, -0.25773692460497843, 0.03471938894072082, 0.17512033437669744, 0.10867338305397425, -0.0250794256455265, -0.26959724208281843, 0.014016507651103894, -0.09398241695744218, -0.21685056185669965, 0.05194056950858794, 0.06535970679833554, 0.06865317212359515, -0.24344377802917733, 0.09292627819231711, 0.06359797098775744, 0.06429363009883673, -0.08088536519062473, -0.09601526279802783, -0.05941224664420588, 0.061533476639306174, 0.09240184247173602, 0.06499752922391053, 0.09898387761277264, -0.13518195581709733, -0.007167850062251091, 0.3931822422426194, -0.10659628146577234, -0.19882740886532702, 0.2030335865885718, -0.1515598896983647, -0.0268273898109328, 0.1870035156738595, 0.2063932955672499, 0.08656195774674416, -0.09680493277846836, 0.02129846261595958, -0.058345532892053596, 0.16486132092541084, 0.14098485883441753, -0.02470416705000389, 0.20478563795913943, 0.17758022286725464, 0.059099129891546906, 0.146952597856216, -0.10746551815391285, -0.06217072379076853, -0.2909717817790806, -0.16714786102529616, -0.16388724211865338, 0.03385076167069201, -0.08613326161230361, -0.18196529348497278, 0.34380503505672094, 0.08889888825651723, 0.17311680853017605, 0.040071110356075225, 0.304369758174289, 0.12661204832984368, 0.030161373256123624, 0.106876917152249, 0.29312843704828995, 0.15810812024283222, 0.1200394423212856, -0.14895665164531238, 0.07391352886043023, -0.020288524556963238] |
711.4577 | Gravitational potential, inertia and Earth rotation | Several satellite missions, devoted to the study of the Earth gravity field,
have been launched (like CHAMP, recently). This year, GRACE (Gravity Recovery
and Climate Experiment) will allow us to obtain a more precise geoid. But the
most important is that they will supply the temporal variations of the
geopotential coefficients (called Stokes coefficients). In the poster we show
how the Earth gravitational potential is linked to the Earth rotation
parameters. Indeed, through the Earth inertia coefficients, we can connect the
variation of LOD and Polar Motion with the temporal variations of the Stokes
coefficients. We also consider the nutations, that are related to the
gravitational geopotential coefficients. We discuss the possibility of using
the Stokes coefficients in order to improve our knowledge of the Earth
rotation.
| astro-ph physics.space-ph | several satellite missions devoted to the study of the earth gravity field have been launched like champ recently this year grace gravity recovery and climate experiment will allow us to obtain a more precise geoid but the most important is that they will supply the temporal variations of the geopotential coefficients called stokes coefficients in the poster we show how the earth gravitational potential is linked to the earth rotation parameters indeed through the earth inertia coefficients we can connect the variation of lod and polar motion with the temporal variations of the stokes coefficients we also consider the nutations that are related to the gravitational geopotential coefficients we discuss the possibility of using the stokes coefficients in order to improve our knowledge of the earth rotation | [['several', 'satellite', 'missions', 'devoted', 'to', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'gravity', 'field', 'have', 'been', 'launched', 'like', 'champ', 'recently', 'this', 'year', 'grace', 'gravity', 'recovery', 'and', 'climate', 'experiment', 'will', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'obtain', 'a', 'more', 'precise', 'geoid', 'but', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'is', 'that', 'they', 'will', 'supply', 'the', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'geopotential', 'coefficients', 'called', 'stokes', 'coefficients', 'in', 'the', 'poster', 'we', 'show', 'how', 'the', 'earth', 'gravitational', 'potential', 'is', 'linked', 'to', 'the', 'earth', 'rotation', 'parameters', 'indeed', 'through', 'the', 'earth', 'inertia', 'coefficients', 'we', 'can', 'connect', 'the', 'variation', 'of', 'lod', 'and', 'polar', 'motion', 'with', 'the', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'stokes', 'coefficients', 'we', 'also', 'consider', 'the', 'nutations', 'that', 'are', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'gravitational', 'geopotential', 'coefficients', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'using', 'the', 'stokes', 'coefficients', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'improve', 'our', 'knowledge', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'rotation']] | [-0.13354435222916394, 0.1551904690774583, -0.0821709734512361, 0.0725432893758141, -0.1439157131304011, -0.026113112343431222, -0.03686331608699356, 0.32311756978559447, -0.2714028135757879, -0.2989543280674247, 0.13701276578500457, -0.2795937489791531, -0.17120265937960288, 0.23084499965619854, -0.0954256481601028, 0.05605446895232468, 0.054781373658063494, 0.05271201251316669, -0.07654757171550282, -0.23939802789671977, 0.2687689351196599, 0.12763177868671804, 0.16707574353942017, 0.027046070448819577, 0.09070305791353499, -0.05602279504555769, -0.08912270665022097, 0.0006871208343214876, -0.1492803053877465, 0.1487066881569821, 0.2186142443896979, 0.11590564045431752, 0.2044314563377049, -0.44634911335828736, -0.23285150470754762, 0.0801017181452833, 0.06841533158458477, 0.09057994599006777, -0.018885863573298658, -0.27864980165237985, 0.026298977817797404, -0.17441029156976212, -0.16076540247408636, -0.08371056288510091, 0.06487139931597607, 0.03873561073908597, -0.25749384097417627, 0.05238725559022388, 0.03804169796860051, 0.07228224300669403, -0.09581249920416653, -0.09739297016809775, -0.01857070488979908, 0.1594647114920452, 0.11501239540007728, -0.0064926811862428945, 0.12374954746566771, -0.06801323175950959, -0.052714650654857316, 0.4476539010079358, -0.13504773424479993, -0.16839989088475704, 0.18744182312406424, -0.2411823570544971, -0.12566134300244253, 0.0882893036537635, 0.21316839764848, 0.10360074862260298, -0.13719285244312812, 0.04529398462577452, -0.019998471391951943, 0.1814672013792378, 0.11785487691307162, 0.0002169369419259349, 0.2641810303861935, 0.07804771516046773, 0.09763238079457243, 0.07936811175813356, -0.19279954470987395, -0.04999712575868681, -0.24403014337262652, -0.15668400708956307, -0.12593407404616358, 0.003528770206012125, -0.077051905101838, -0.09994211013788196, 0.4104624321376245, 0.2335323332405583, 0.1541422964917041, -0.011011728059911118, 0.2773788817754881, 0.09422720016409299, 0.06148468799097097, 0.03286370784630926, 0.3164269857577921, 0.13061896606355788, 0.15634250320406176, -0.25682825724938957, 0.07930867372476678, 0.07102534101586643] |
711.4578 | Measurement of Isolated Photon Production in Deep-Inelastic Scattering
at HERA | The production of isolated photons in deep-inelastic scattering $ep\to e
\gamma X$ is measured with the H1 detector at HERA. The measurement is
performed in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared
$4<Q^2<150 $~GeV$^2$ and a mass of the hadronic system $W_X>50$ GeV. The
analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227~pb$^{-1}$. The
production cross section of isolatedphotons with a transverse energy in the
range $3 < E_T^\gamma < 10$ GeV and pseudorapidity range $-1.2 < \eta^\gamma <
1.8$ is measured as a function of $E_T^\gamma$, $\eta^\gamma$ and $Q^2$.
Isolated photon cross sections are also measured for events with no jets or at
least one hadronic jet. The measurements are compared with predictions from
Monte Carlo generators modelling the photon radiation from the quark and the
electron lines, as well as with calculations at leading and next to leading
order in the strong coupling. The predictions significantly underestimate the
measured cross sections.
| hep-ex | the production of isolated photons in deepinelastic scattering epto e gamma x is measured with the h1 detector at hera the measurement is performed in the kinematic range of negative fourmomentum transfer squared 4q2150 gev2 and a mass of the hadronic system w_x50 gev the analysis is based on a total integrated luminosity of 227pb1 the production cross section of isolatedphotons with a transverse energy in the range 3 e_tgamma 10 gev and pseudorapidity range 12 etagamma 18 is measured as a function of e_tgamma etagamma and q2 isolated photon cross sections are also measured for events with no jets or at least one hadronic jet the measurements are compared with predictions from monte carlo generators modelling the photon radiation from the quark and the electron lines as well as with calculations at leading and next to leading order in the strong coupling the predictions significantly underestimate the measured cross sections | [['the', 'production', 'of', 'isolated', 'photons', 'in', 'deepinelastic', 'scattering', 'epto', 'e', 'gamma', 'x', 'is', 'measured', 'with', 'the', 'h1', 'detector', 'at', 'hera', 'the', 'measurement', 'is', 'performed', 'in', 'the', 'kinematic', 'range', 'of', 'negative', 'fourmomentum', 'transfer', 'squared', '4q2150', 'gev2', 'and', 'a', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'hadronic', 'system', 'w_x50', 'gev', 'the', 'analysis', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'total', 'integrated', 'luminosity', 'of', '227pb1', 'the', 'production', 'cross', 'section', 'of', 'isolatedphotons', 'with', 'a', 'transverse', 'energy', 'in', 'the', 'range', '3', 'e_tgamma', '10', 'gev', 'and', 'pseudorapidity', 'range', '12', 'etagamma', '18', 'is', 'measured', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'e_tgamma', 'etagamma', 'and', 'q2', 'isolated', 'photon', 'cross', 'sections', 'are', 'also', 'measured', 'for', 'events', 'with', 'no', 'jets', 'or', 'at', 'least', 'one', 'hadronic', 'jet', 'the', 'measurements', 'are', 'compared', 'with', 'predictions', 'from', 'monte', 'carlo', 'generators', 'modelling', 'the', 'photon', 'radiation', 'from', 'the', 'quark', 'and', 'the', 'electron', 'lines', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'with', 'calculations', 'at', 'leading', 'and', 'next', 'to', 'leading', 'order', 'in', 'the', 'strong', 'coupling', 'the', 'predictions', 'significantly', 'underestimate', 'the', 'measured', 'cross', 'sections']] | [-0.037248121641836045, 0.19632587068695195, -0.051833395326674796, 0.11994334205440214, 0.04582372412947165, -0.06236017808289628, -0.019924869304712937, 0.3833545905341502, -0.15106518876415734, -0.35995771842343466, -0.02018099042213186, -0.4079528952549611, 0.11961882241976252, 0.20441905355087298, 0.12457198961669592, 0.10314419474706155, 0.10528997124052372, 0.02014200643598273, -0.08534285412835223, -0.13400012354657917, 0.2896348427756227, 0.10762538822196728, 0.20528272137704756, 0.15421195873407786, 0.12630530254207362, 0.07269143489930703, -0.06716746953395226, -0.049524427242703783, -0.14536766989768773, 0.04621555008386977, 0.27260668977871727, 0.010867860747919398, 0.11173553415762219, -0.30553590659635005, -0.10088092151262677, 0.11383052860849163, 0.12425313257694649, 0.010942710196079852, -0.007081153667151776, -0.23863006196282552, 0.07886787573015, -0.24183286225651296, -0.10158889467010693, 0.01765775525004787, 0.0015204812995582616, 0.010844190601816996, -0.31467728081735824, 0.12225429155387865, -0.07920689788903584, 0.04529037128069373, -0.012365697027773273, -0.19154356261255967, -0.10269083991190608, 0.012395780595323565, 0.090781887946492, 0.12675206682432544, 0.20835068795297826, -0.15250348670370117, -0.1692803402393296, 0.35371960176243666, -0.040533170055718395, -0.1446326034156238, 0.13382584705860132, -0.2698229989892214, -0.07553014407396874, 0.2449699378806819, 0.23647835405961593, 0.09796809388932828, -0.16103925468989325, 0.06732502299460716, 0.02060140284007181, 0.19157473961220814, 0.08432065268192872, 0.03414153614395051, 0.15077549357245973, 0.19717327857288677, -0.046568288946156805, 0.014830800747818814, -0.20019703773230466, -0.04829164541193417, -0.4179197917280554, -0.11980456054261347, -0.08909352634064092, 0.12552434797668005, -0.08582394523179827, -0.06565540804065206, 0.3237643749326417, 0.06744060567574224, 0.3189046085704447, 0.03487219262969534, 0.3403798045375112, 0.13927987750087464, 0.09938479155827896, 0.08454926556837904, 0.3292922854398181, 0.1905680310795223, 0.15510139435998538, -0.18212204083458197, 0.03448688710222439, -0.008898321852772211] |
711.4579 | Temporal variations of the gravity field and Earth precession-nutation | Due to the accuracy now reached by space geodetic techniques, and also
considering some modelisations, the temporal variations of some Earth Gravity
Field coefficients can be determined. They are due to Earth oceanic and solid
tides, as well as geophysical reservoirs masses displacements. They can be
related to the variations in the Earth's orientation parameters (through the
inertia tensor). Then, we can try to improve our knowledge of the Earth
Rotation with those space measurements of the Gravity variations. We have
undertaken such a study, using data obtained with the combination of space
geodetic techniques. In particular, we use CHAMP data that are more sensitive
to such variations and that complete the ones already accumulated (for example
with Starlette and LAGEOS I). In this first approach, we focus on the Earth
precession nutation, trying to refine it by taking into account the temporal
variations of the Earth dynamical flattening. The goal is mainly to understand
how Geodesy can influence this field of science. Like this, we will be able to
compare our computation with up to date determinations of precession nutation.
| astro-ph physics.space-ph | due to the accuracy now reached by space geodetic techniques and also considering some modelisations the temporal variations of some earth gravity field coefficients can be determined they are due to earth oceanic and solid tides as well as geophysical reservoirs masses displacements they can be related to the variations in the earths orientation parameters through the inertia tensor then we can try to improve our knowledge of the earth rotation with those space measurements of the gravity variations we have undertaken such a study using data obtained with the combination of space geodetic techniques in particular we use champ data that are more sensitive to such variations and that complete the ones already accumulated for example with starlette and lageos i in this first approach we focus on the earth precession nutation trying to refine it by taking into account the temporal variations of the earth dynamical flattening the goal is mainly to understand how geodesy can influence this field of science like this we will be able to compare our computation with up to date determinations of precession nutation | [['due', 'to', 'the', 'accuracy', 'now', 'reached', 'by', 'space', 'geodetic', 'techniques', 'and', 'also', 'considering', 'some', 'modelisations', 'the', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'some', 'earth', 'gravity', 'field', 'coefficients', 'can', 'be', 'determined', 'they', 'are', 'due', 'to', 'earth', 'oceanic', 'and', 'solid', 'tides', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'geophysical', 'reservoirs', 'masses', 'displacements', 'they', 'can', 'be', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'variations', 'in', 'the', 'earths', 'orientation', 'parameters', 'through', 'the', 'inertia', 'tensor', 'then', 'we', 'can', 'try', 'to', 'improve', 'our', 'knowledge', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'rotation', 'with', 'those', 'space', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'gravity', 'variations', 'we', 'have', 'undertaken', 'such', 'a', 'study', 'using', 'data', 'obtained', 'with', 'the', 'combination', 'of', 'space', 'geodetic', 'techniques', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'use', 'champ', 'data', 'that', 'are', 'more', 'sensitive', 'to', 'such', 'variations', 'and', 'that', 'complete', 'the', 'ones', 'already', 'accumulated', 'for', 'example', 'with', 'starlette', 'and', 'lageos', 'i', 'in', 'this', 'first', 'approach', 'we', 'focus', 'on', 'the', 'earth', 'precession', 'nutation', 'trying', 'to', 'refine', 'it', 'by', 'taking', 'into', 'account', 'the', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'dynamical', 'flattening', 'the', 'goal', 'is', 'mainly', 'to', 'understand', 'how', 'geodesy', 'can', 'influence', 'this', 'field', 'of', 'science', 'like', 'this', 'we', 'will', 'be', 'able', 'to', 'compare', 'our', 'computation', 'with', 'up', 'to', 'date', 'determinations', 'of', 'precession', 'nutation']] | [-0.07621271131113948, 0.14587601292878388, -0.0842289728888621, 0.0772443642322388, -0.1315219896586819, -0.033064593848798216, 0.005652249662671238, 0.36750192886425387, -0.2757114968573054, -0.3625277967916595, 0.14848812517205565, -0.2628990263885094, -0.13804999665590004, 0.2191426082721187, -0.10150093047397807, 0.027234374803568547, 0.06845987900095578, 0.019926030258648097, -0.09150979635952454, -0.24668676424771546, 0.28023946308530867, 0.0969848253686602, 0.17615049179746872, 0.013829894656211966, 0.04945330863637436, -0.03194137490354478, -0.04278047817448775, 0.05236071067710226, -0.14408860251140948, 0.12450533138536331, 0.23461365571323162, 0.13050977322139565, 0.19531569975014362, -0.4599048706702888, -0.21843162074478137, 0.08243988636596543, 0.1033967553838415, 0.1198958811453647, 0.0016840318892920752, -0.31192364448862564, 0.03793188019966086, -0.16769570782780646, -0.12601502983129143, -0.11571062115124531, 0.04972052697946007, 0.03268795332017665, -0.22687871472444385, 0.019481206507932964, 0.03487914589657319, 0.0729558501056292, -0.09613538281927403, -0.10342254211168943, -0.02175940272863954, 0.1733491041775172, 0.12119416566953684, 0.0428288524436842, 0.14496140433863428, -0.0590540917784286, -0.08375652401138925, 0.45662087514582606, -0.11681164545201075, -0.1957159047770094, 0.19979267574639784, -0.2053367115686544, -0.13766404423190073, 0.08410045335897141, 0.21600897671337912, 0.09561253757759308, -0.13563266465336912, 0.029443385843963672, 0.02552225024361784, 0.13903842526099955, 0.07418809090482278, 0.023964963868881264, 0.25645939922995037, 0.13732144886808884, 0.05334082112983904, 0.07090679680631082, -0.16004053862998263, -0.05269248099583718, -0.23360147724678326, -0.10470408767772217, -0.14756723841290093, 0.03174899423805376, -0.060680398155818695, -0.0767394561055375, 0.3641910998176576, 0.21159716251357977, 0.18035326741875096, -0.0009450097244957255, 0.31619915051592723, 0.07796075077041881, 0.0937567686325767, 0.057840625333806704, 0.31232135095407204, 0.12979113093525585, 0.10852987141244941, -0.24221423325361685, 0.08674545155889872, 0.0024983222466996974] |
711.458 | Thermodiffusion in model nanofluids by molecular dynamics simulations | In this work, a new algorithm is proposed to compute single particle
(infinite dilution) thermodiffusion using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics
simulations through the estimation of the thermophoretic force that applies on
a solute particle. This scheme is shown to provide consistent results for
simple Lennard-Jones fluids and for model nanofluids (spherical non-metallic
nanoparticles + Lennard-Jones fluid) where it appears that thermodiffusion
amplitude, as well as thermal conductivity, decrease with nanoparticles
concentration. Then, in nanofluids in the liquid state, by changing the nature
of the nanoparticle (size, mass and internal stiffness) and of the solvent
(quality and viscosity) various trends are exhibited. In all cases the single
particle thermodiffusion is positive, i.e. the nanoparticle tends to migrate
toward the cold area. The single particle thermal diffusion 2 coefficient is
shown to be independent of the size of the nanoparticle (diameter of 0.8 to 4
nm), whereas it increases with the quality of the solvent and is inversely
proportional to the viscosity of the fluid. In addition, this coefficient is
shown to be independent of the mass of the nanoparticle and to increase with
the stiffness of the nanoparticle internal bonds. Besides, for these
configurations, the mass diffusion coefficient behavior appears to be
consistent with a Stokes-Einstein like law.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | in this work a new algorithm is proposed to compute single particle infinite dilution thermodiffusion using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations through the estimation of the thermophoretic force that applies on a solute particle this scheme is shown to provide consistent results for simple lennardjones fluids and for model nanofluids spherical nonmetallic nanoparticles lennardjones fluid where it appears that thermodiffusion amplitude as well as thermal conductivity decrease with nanoparticles concentration then in nanofluids in the liquid state by changing the nature of the nanoparticle size mass and internal stiffness and of the solvent quality and viscosity various trends are exhibited in all cases the single particle thermodiffusion is positive ie the nanoparticle tends to migrate toward the cold area the single particle thermal diffusion 2 coefficient is shown to be independent of the size of the nanoparticle diameter of 08 to 4 nm whereas it increases with the quality of the solvent and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fluid in addition this coefficient is shown to be independent of the mass of the nanoparticle and to increase with the stiffness of the nanoparticle internal bonds besides for these configurations the mass diffusion coefficient behavior appears to be consistent with a stokeseinstein like law | [['in', 'this', 'work', 'a', 'new', 'algorithm', 'is', 'proposed', 'to', 'compute', 'single', 'particle', 'infinite', 'dilution', 'thermodiffusion', 'using', 'nonequilibrium', 'molecular', 'dynamics', 'simulations', 'through', 'the', 'estimation', 'of', 'the', 'thermophoretic', 'force', 'that', 'applies', 'on', 'a', 'solute', 'particle', 'this', 'scheme', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'provide', 'consistent', 'results', 'for', 'simple', 'lennardjones', 'fluids', 'and', 'for', 'model', 'nanofluids', 'spherical', 'nonmetallic', 'nanoparticles', 'lennardjones', 'fluid', 'where', 'it', 'appears', 'that', 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711.4581 | Length of day and polar motion, with respect to temporal variations of
the Earth gravity field | The masses distribution inside the Earth governs the behaviour of the
rotation axis in the Earth (polar motion), as well as the Earth rotation rate
(or equivalently, length of day). This masses distribution can be measured from
space owing to artificial satellites, the orbitography of which provides the
Earth gravity field determination. Then, the temporal variations of the Earth
gravity field can be related to the variations of the Earth Orientation
Parameters (EOP) (with the Inertia Tensor). Nowadays, owing to the satellite
laser ranging (SLR) technique and to the new gravimetric satellite missions
(such as CHAMP or GRACE), the temporal variations of the low degree
coefficients of the Earth gravity field (i.e. Stokes coefficients) can be
determined. This paper is one of the first study using gravity variations data
in the equations already established (e.g. Lambeck 1988) and linking the
variations of the length of day and of the C20 Stokes coefficient (or, linking
the polar motion and the C21 and S21 coefficients). This paper combines the
Earth rotation data (mainly obtained from VLBI and GPS measurements) and the
Earth gravity field variations ones (e.g. Lageos I and II data, or GRACE data),
in order to complete and constrain the models of the Earth rotation. The final
goal is a better Earth global dynamics understanding, which possible
application can be the constraint on the couplings into the Earth system (e.g.
core-mantle couplings).
| astro-ph physics.space-ph | the masses distribution inside the earth governs the behaviour of the rotation axis in the earth polar motion as well as the earth rotation rate or equivalently length of day this masses distribution can be measured from space owing to artificial satellites the orbitography of which provides the earth gravity field determination then the temporal variations of the earth gravity field can be related to the variations of the earth orientation parameters eop with the inertia tensor nowadays owing to the satellite laser ranging slr technique and to the new gravimetric satellite missions such as champ or grace the temporal variations of the low degree coefficients of the earth gravity field ie stokes coefficients can be determined this paper is one of the first study using gravity variations data in the equations already established eg lambeck 1988 and linking the variations of the length of day and of the c20 stokes coefficient or linking the polar motion and the c21 and s21 coefficients this paper combines the earth rotation data mainly obtained from vlbi and gps measurements and the earth gravity field variations ones eg lageos i and ii data or grace data in order to complete and constrain the models of the earth rotation the final goal is a better earth global dynamics understanding which possible application can be the constraint on the couplings into the earth system eg coremantle couplings | [['the', 'masses', 'distribution', 'inside', 'the', 'earth', 'governs', 'the', 'behaviour', 'of', 'the', 'rotation', 'axis', 'in', 'the', 'earth', 'polar', 'motion', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'earth', 'rotation', 'rate', 'or', 'equivalently', 'length', 'of', 'day', 'this', 'masses', 'distribution', 'can', 'be', 'measured', 'from', 'space', 'owing', 'to', 'artificial', 'satellites', 'the', 'orbitography', 'of', 'which', 'provides', 'the', 'earth', 'gravity', 'field', 'determination', 'then', 'the', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 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711.4582 | Earth rotation and variations of the gravity field, in the framework of
the "Descartes-nutation" project | The "Descartes-Nutation" Project is devoted to the "understanding of the next
decimal of precession-nutation, from the theoretical point of view as well as
from the observational point of view". In this framework, we made a proposal in
order to contribute to the study of (i) the dynamical flattening of the Earth,
(ii) the coupling effects of the lunisolar forcing, (iii) the effect of the
geophysical fluids on the EOP and (iv) the Nutation observations. We
investigate further the links between Earth Orientation and Gravity Field
Variations. Indeed, the masses distributions inside the Earth govern the
behaviour of the rotation axis in space (precession-nutation) and in the Earth
(polar motion), as well as the Earth rotation rate (or equivalently, length of
the day). These distributions of masses can be measured by space owing to
artificial satellites, the orbitography of which provides the Earth gravity
field determination. Then, the temporal variations of the Earth gravity field
can be related to the variations of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP)
(with the Inertia Tensor). Nowadays, the Earth orientation measurements in
space, obtained with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), have a precision
better than the milliarcsecond level. It is then necessary to consider all the
geophysical sources that can improve the models precision. The goal of my PhD
Thesis was to use the Earth gravity field measurements, as well as its
variations, as a tool to improve the Earth orientation modelisation. We present
here the results obtained as well as various proposals to extend these
investigations (numerical studies, the use of J2 geophysical series,
integration of GRACE data ...).
| astro-ph physics.space-ph | the descartesnutation project is devoted to the understanding of the next decimal of precessionnutation from the theoretical point of view as well as from the observational point of view in this framework we made a proposal in order to contribute to the study of i the dynamical flattening of the earth ii the coupling effects of the lunisolar forcing iii the effect of the geophysical fluids on the eop and iv the nutation observations we investigate further the links between earth orientation and gravity field variations indeed the masses distributions inside the earth govern the behaviour of the rotation axis in space precessionnutation and in the earth polar motion as well as the earth rotation rate or equivalently length of the day these distributions of masses can be measured by space owing to artificial satellites the orbitography of which provides the earth gravity field determination then the temporal variations of the earth gravity field can be related to the variations of the earth orientation parameters eop with the inertia tensor nowadays the earth orientation measurements in space obtained with very long baseline interferometry vlbi have a precision better than the milliarcsecond level it is then necessary to consider all the geophysical sources that can improve the models precision the goal of my phd thesis was to use the earth gravity field measurements as well as its variations as a tool to improve the earth orientation modelisation we present here the results obtained as well as various proposals to extend these investigations numerical studies the use of j2 geophysical series integration of grace data | [['the', 'descartesnutation', 'project', 'is', 'devoted', 'to', 'the', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'next', 'decimal', 'of', 'precessionnutation', 'from', 'the', 'theoretical', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'from', 'the', 'observational', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'in', 'this', 'framework', 'we', 'made', 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711.4583 | Temperature and Humidity Dependence of Air Fluorescence Yield measured
by AIRFLY | The fluorescence detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays requires a
detailed knowledge of the fluorescence light emission from nitrogen molecules
over a wide range of atmospheric parameters, corresponding to altitudes typical
of the cosmic ray shower development in the atmosphere. We have studied the
temperature and humidity dependence of the fluorescence light spectrum excited
by MeV electrons in air. Results for the 313.6 nm, 337.1 nm, 353.7 nm and 391.4
nm bands are reported in this paper. We found that the temperature and humidity
dependence of the quenching process changes the fluorescence yield by a
sizeable amount (up to 20%) and its effect must be included for a precise
estimation of the energy of ultra high energy cosmic rays.
| astro-ph | the fluorescence detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays requires a detailed knowledge of the fluorescence light emission from nitrogen molecules over a wide range of atmospheric parameters corresponding to altitudes typical of the cosmic ray shower development in the atmosphere we have studied the temperature and humidity dependence of the fluorescence light spectrum excited by mev electrons in air results for the 3136 nm 3371 nm 3537 nm and 3914 nm bands are reported in this paper we found that the temperature and humidity dependence of the quenching process changes the fluorescence yield by a sizeable amount up to 20 and its effect must be included for a precise estimation of the energy of ultra high energy cosmic rays | [['the', 'fluorescence', 'detection', 'of', 'ultra', 'high', 'energy', 'cosmic', 'rays', 'requires', 'a', 'detailed', 'knowledge', 'of', 'the', 'fluorescence', 'light', 'emission', 'from', 'nitrogen', 'molecules', 'over', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'atmospheric', 'parameters', 'corresponding', 'to', 'altitudes', 'typical', 'of', 'the', 'cosmic', 'ray', 'shower', 'development', 'in', 'the', 'atmosphere', 'we', 'have', 'studied', 'the', 'temperature', 'and', 'humidity', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'fluorescence', 'light', 'spectrum', 'excited', 'by', 'mev', 'electrons', 'in', 'air', 'results', 'for', 'the', '3136', 'nm', '3371', 'nm', '3537', 'nm', 'and', '3914', 'nm', 'bands', 'are', 'reported', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'found', 'that', 'the', 'temperature', 'and', 'humidity', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'quenching', 'process', 'changes', 'the', 'fluorescence', 'yield', 'by', 'a', 'sizeable', 'amount', 'up', 'to', '20', 'and', 'its', 'effect', 'must', 'be', 'included', 'for', 'a', 'precise', 'estimation', 'of', 'the', 'energy', 'of', 'ultra', 'high', 'energy', 'cosmic', 'rays']] | [-0.05249579230245824, 0.24800666046018402, -0.028829518399046114, 0.05373704759654174, 0.024598040938872145, -0.027765794309865064, 0.0331386504258262, 0.43957204446196557, -0.21979706877221664, -0.406191549419115, 0.023523665042011997, -0.311742468092901, 0.02350315715399726, 0.21557847101551791, 0.004652407381217927, 0.022253472630109173, 0.06393039001850412, -0.04802126815581384, -0.01762880765236332, -0.15968806595968393, 0.22128259741390746, 0.1909584486624226, 0.2713024643812484, 0.17141824756593754, 0.11111670300209274, -0.029726566733249152, -0.010571428659992914, -0.0536939313984476, -0.1559158999960952, 0.09950586203249259, 0.2463006796836756, 0.04921956414667269, 0.17300375178456306, -0.3889868457335979, -0.2743500696728006, 0.0967225986115712, 0.12166330703767017, 0.0554611027551194, -0.07266392093151808, -0.2372551411894771, 0.044306819583289324, -0.11392139773815871, -0.1321169220279747, 0.04143610773123025, -0.021938313303204875, 0.023352484723242622, -0.22464832354647418, 0.05967047674736629, -0.018571753028663807, 0.13429102040827273, -0.07282177501668533, -0.12160245093594615, -0.04088402211976548, 0.07931790551713978, 0.05812357886825339, 0.003339190721938697, 0.2352183756030475, -0.10179087652165132, -0.03384472867764998, 0.3821569923311472, -0.14202583921724, -0.014025362813845277, 0.1613595160966118, -0.2030481048161164, -0.08228810063446872, 0.3014570758678019, 0.14994024590123445, 0.1068972076192343, -0.163077891470554, 0.0572573876309131, 0.04766874032405515, 0.2144684457142527, 0.11988325101556256, 0.07899381717046101, 0.21886848805006592, 0.16825018875145664, 0.02951123618404381, 0.08123930407164152, -0.21641809716820717, 0.05100263954761128, -0.2403132319605599, -0.15070234994830875, -0.15055086206799995, 0.09499844528230218, -0.09343954895108861, -0.1445877494077043, 0.42286125768441707, 0.12838217831449583, 0.17281970588373952, -0.020343378155181804, 0.3039271361194551, 0.06460485848753403, 0.025289836382338157, 0.04268548311471629, 0.3099513883236796, 0.15999747360862482, 0.17228745614314298, -0.2444632769465291, 0.05456161463322739, -0.06242159698740579] |
711.4584 | Earth Orientation and Temporal Variations of the Gravity Field | The high accuracy now reached in the VLBI Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP)
determination requires looking further at the various geophysical contributions
to variations in EOP. The determination of the Earth gravity field from space
geodetic techniques now allows us to obtain the temporal variations of the low
degree coefficients of the geopotential, combining the treatment of different
satellites (e.g. Lageos1, Lageos2, Starlette ...). We present a new computation
of the degree 2 coefficients of the variable Earth gravity field. This study is
based upon the using of (i) new orbit standards, (ii) the GRACE mean gravity
field and (iii) Lageos1 data from 1985 until 2004 (merged with Lageos2 data
from 1993). These temporal variations of the Earth gravity field can be related
to the Earth Orientation Parameters through the inertia tensor. This paper
shows these relations and discusses how such geodetic data can contribute to
the understanding of the variations in EOP. This paper also studies if these
refined 20-yr of Lageos data can give us refined value of the 18.6-yr tidal
term, as well as of the secular drift of the C20 geopotential coefficient.
| astro-ph physics.space-ph | the high accuracy now reached in the vlbi earth orientation parameters eop determination requires looking further at the various geophysical contributions to variations in eop the determination of the earth gravity field from space geodetic techniques now allows us to obtain the temporal variations of the low degree coefficients of the geopotential combining the treatment of different satellites eg lageos1 lageos2 starlette we present a new computation of the degree 2 coefficients of the variable earth gravity field this study is based upon the using of i new orbit standards ii the grace mean gravity field and iii lageos1 data from 1985 until 2004 merged with lageos2 data from 1993 these temporal variations of the earth gravity field can be related to the earth orientation parameters through the inertia tensor this paper shows these relations and discusses how such geodetic data can contribute to the understanding of the variations in eop this paper also studies if these refined 20yr of lageos data can give us refined value of the 186yr tidal term as well as of the secular drift of the c20 geopotential coefficient | [['the', 'high', 'accuracy', 'now', 'reached', 'in', 'the', 'vlbi', 'earth', 'orientation', 'parameters', 'eop', 'determination', 'requires', 'looking', 'further', 'at', 'the', 'various', 'geophysical', 'contributions', 'to', 'variations', 'in', 'eop', 'the', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'gravity', 'field', 'from', 'space', 'geodetic', 'techniques', 'now', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'obtain', 'the', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'low', 'degree', 'coefficients', 'of', 'the', 'geopotential', 'combining', 'the', 'treatment', 'of', 'different', 'satellites', 'eg', 'lageos1', 'lageos2', 'starlette', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'new', 'computation', 'of', 'the', 'degree', '2', 'coefficients', 'of', 'the', 'variable', 'earth', 'gravity', 'field', 'this', 'study', 'is', 'based', 'upon', 'the', 'using', 'of', 'i', 'new', 'orbit', 'standards', 'ii', 'the', 'grace', 'mean', 'gravity', 'field', 'and', 'iii', 'lageos1', 'data', 'from', '1985', 'until', '2004', 'merged', 'with', 'lageos2', 'data', 'from', '1993', 'these', 'temporal', 'variations', 'of', 'the', 'earth', 'gravity', 'field', 'can', 'be', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'earth', 'orientation', 'parameters', 'through', 'the', 'inertia', 'tensor', 'this', 'paper', 'shows', 'these', 'relations', 'and', 'discusses', 'how', 'such', 'geodetic', 'data', 'can', 'contribute', 'to', 'the', 'understanding', 'of', 'the', 'variations', 'in', 'eop', 'this', 'paper', 'also', 'studies', 'if', 'these', 'refined', '20yr', 'of', 'lageos', 'data', 'can', 'give', 'us', 'refined', 'value', 'of', 'the', '186yr', 'tidal', 'term', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'of', 'the', 'secular', 'drift', 'of', 'the', 'c20', 'geopotential', 'coefficient']] | [-0.11783267207863321, 0.11571221130869382, -0.08951511760856343, 0.046125334892217276, -0.11449312432643517, -0.04972774353246767, 0.015975773395909058, 0.30103838013914913, -0.261927469893855, -0.36430812980160937, 0.12394243628515832, -0.2413777904265981, -0.13261909995248522, 0.20126565724897844, -0.10278250206921347, 0.024804671829090463, 0.07301911380612752, 0.024604960360083278, -0.09650180900244268, -0.2301002212948483, 0.27795919917068435, 0.12336392342982876, 0.1940646304308877, 0.00485200633916615, 0.08994406708618524, 0.012696917130417385, -0.09432985668152488, 0.03264451035343822, -0.15738444584728842, 0.14036429371521042, 0.2085828602424014, 0.1510595911499727, 0.19875387706701736, -0.4271616221592342, -0.1968313846430117, 0.04021104236816537, 0.07666204068936078, 0.10219915676606144, 0.025644403526682284, -0.2935531884380667, 0.007149458230232595, -0.17048949439729089, -0.16391757899631618, -0.06187462373790178, 0.07368948426773096, 0.03112504291885461, -0.2531723496376199, 0.07964294920480365, 0.02432139460950486, 0.13283078108944898, -0.07689004940278879, -0.14180512868435952, -0.014620289323559788, 0.17555941041855777, 0.11621672823733477, 0.04599112257806605, 0.11044014469659018, -0.08821909967042342, -0.08160291763999919, 0.4068207732724169, -0.11711430290821366, -0.13328543618055327, 0.17835752237306723, -0.20477118979945041, -0.1436285077962656, 0.08670837876059442, 0.19370936121341292, 0.0967854261620592, -0.1384649337371709, 0.07303983162257661, 0.022902218183594662, 0.14567471553627812, 0.09879986696190886, 0.011440571392425797, 0.24809052776749974, 0.10161571709214004, 0.055819298086974486, 0.04931124523576288, -0.18360148265108384, -0.030049683295886268, -0.24904788214749154, -0.12878749199380463, -0.128604678420483, 0.017177949749076597, -0.13788545764147964, -0.11936481337377719, 0.4054556997968805, 0.18859813222661614, 0.15682902678899763, 0.021816597087308764, 0.2724141507245764, 0.08800226013089152, 0.06524606430416947, 0.056683066609356514, 0.3031340853680836, 0.1306025068260279, 0.1291728885562906, -0.24445749902240624, 0.08066206104582646, 0.046404981930678775] |
711.4585 | Prevalence of marginally unstable periodic orbits in chaotic billiards | The dynamics of chaotic billiards is significantly influenced by coexisting
regions of regular motion. Here we investigate the prevalence of a different
fundamental structure, which is formed by marginally unstable periodic orbits
and stands apart from the regular regions. We show that these structures both
{\it exist} and {\it strongly influence} the dynamics of locally perturbed
billiards, which include a large class of widely studied systems. We
demonstrate the impact of these structures in the quantum regime using
microwave experiments in annular billiards.
| nlin.CD quant-ph | the dynamics of chaotic billiards is significantly influenced by coexisting regions of regular motion here we investigate the prevalence of a different fundamental structure which is formed by marginally unstable periodic orbits and stands apart from the regular regions we show that these structures both it exist and it strongly influence the dynamics of locally perturbed billiards which include a large class of widely studied systems we demonstrate the impact of these structures in the quantum regime using microwave experiments in annular billiards | [['the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'chaotic', 'billiards', 'is', 'significantly', 'influenced', 'by', 'coexisting', 'regions', 'of', 'regular', 'motion', 'here', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'prevalence', 'of', 'a', 'different', 'fundamental', 'structure', 'which', 'is', 'formed', 'by', 'marginally', 'unstable', 'periodic', 'orbits', 'and', 'stands', 'apart', 'from', 'the', 'regular', 'regions', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'these', 'structures', 'both', 'it', 'exist', 'and', 'it', 'strongly', 'influence', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'locally', 'perturbed', 'billiards', 'which', 'include', 'a', 'large', 'class', 'of', 'widely', 'studied', 'systems', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'the', 'impact', 'of', 'these', 'structures', 'in', 'the', 'quantum', 'regime', 'using', 'microwave', 'experiments', 'in', 'annular', 'billiards']] | [-0.19552014605422696, 0.17017355111304178, -0.0719999127785664, 0.05805351670146976, 0.014166405020528528, -0.0933397259361234, -0.026983534883573114, 0.3435930834118142, -0.30172470840344945, -0.2383895467697497, 0.1058713240992188, -0.2722280617264739, -0.22879636229902325, 0.23774119670760918, -0.009484348296894726, 0.05121509798140411, 0.06380663407652314, -0.0018338803861133125, -0.006623035602563296, -0.20491528128980693, 0.3728430016886398, 0.006005872763323048, 0.26845229692555156, -0.001910576552148426, 0.04652043688111007, -0.04177716120808239, 0.011441797736179397, 0.088343943895615, -0.1652285564689601, 0.10835571314421404, 0.1703636409597, 0.05502719721611006, 0.21470790469446724, -0.4394972422665142, -0.2579067545628781, 0.08156053992324924, 0.16087430043437753, 0.09294977645861008, -0.07944657295803449, -0.3309362519038729, 0.066087041947856, -0.11883649535207863, -0.16282516270202685, -0.05331499839246453, 0.028285518838429308, 0.05371036381090442, -0.19103195018721295, 0.1002217071461884, 0.12180300763280816, 0.0448835219750293, -0.057937171411173174, -0.019805790901363612, -0.032979707996619034, 0.13733264581715487, -0.019868262187880743, -0.05764393031552254, 0.1459955005592341, -0.10672234679314208, -0.09542275769972658, 0.3869682045215853, -0.04637448937374066, -0.20996622612183713, 0.2629969054047602, -0.2547843006231923, -0.10101144421419286, 0.13107405620885182, 0.17195907504443664, 0.1608712458646441, -0.10251738710107326, 0.12285169784164797, -0.05020302476877549, 0.13997474189353995, 0.108274898791955, 0.04303266069815348, 0.2609042537185442, 0.15347347052835197, 0.05741360071339611, 0.16531439317202376, -0.08774630446548023, -0.17780283164704241, -0.21678285975098968, -0.04773008339780282, -0.12426228489984859, 0.016423960710056574, -0.022689889167948816, -0.22396041051181684, 0.4066568025421486, 0.11698686088581221, 0.22537578562139926, -0.040320813566087244, 0.24006850828405424, 0.0631289353639067, 0.05148490343848804, 0.10507038396682186, 0.27460228596429664, 0.0956049899497709, 0.01497659714421235, -0.22952319254344106, 0.024954147260995155, 0.00030239988455032726] |
711.4586 | Epitaxial influence on the ferromagnetic semiconducotor EuO | From first principles calculations we investigate the electronic structure
and the magnetic properties of EuO under hydrostatic and epitaxial forces.
There is a complex interdependence of the O 2p and Eu 4f and 5d bands on the
magnetism in EuO, and decreasing lattice parameters is an ideal method to
increase the Curie temperature, T_c. Compared to hydrostatic pressure, the
out-of-plane compensation that is available to epitaxial films influences this
increase in T_c, although it is minimized by the small value of poisson's ratio
for EuO. We find the semiconducting gap closes at a 6% in-plane lattice
compression for epitaxy, at which point a significant conceptual change must
occur in the active exchange mechanisms.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci | from first principles calculations we investigate the electronic structure and the magnetic properties of euo under hydrostatic and epitaxial forces there is a complex interdependence of the o 2p and eu 4f and 5d bands on the magnetism in euo and decreasing lattice parameters is an ideal method to increase the curie temperature t_c compared to hydrostatic pressure the outofplane compensation that is available to epitaxial films influences this increase in t_c although it is minimized by the small value of poissons ratio for euo we find the semiconducting gap closes at a 6 inplane lattice compression for epitaxy at which point a significant conceptual change must occur in the active exchange mechanisms | [['from', 'first', 'principles', 'calculations', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'electronic', 'structure', 'and', 'the', 'magnetic', 'properties', 'of', 'euo', 'under', 'hydrostatic', 'and', 'epitaxial', 'forces', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'complex', 'interdependence', 'of', 'the', 'o', '2p', 'and', 'eu', '4f', 'and', '5d', 'bands', 'on', 'the', 'magnetism', 'in', 'euo', 'and', 'decreasing', 'lattice', 'parameters', 'is', 'an', 'ideal', 'method', 'to', 'increase', 'the', 'curie', 'temperature', 't_c', 'compared', 'to', 'hydrostatic', 'pressure', 'the', 'outofplane', 'compensation', 'that', 'is', 'available', 'to', 'epitaxial', 'films', 'influences', 'this', 'increase', 'in', 't_c', 'although', 'it', 'is', 'minimized', 'by', 'the', 'small', 'value', 'of', 'poissons', 'ratio', 'for', 'euo', 'we', 'find', 'the', 'semiconducting', 'gap', 'closes', 'at', 'a', '6', 'inplane', 'lattice', 'compression', 'for', 'epitaxy', 'at', 'which', 'point', 'a', 'significant', 'conceptual', 'change', 'must', 'occur', 'in', 'the', 'active', 'exchange', 'mechanisms']] | [-0.1565232821699001, 0.18485359819845473, -0.008705074115928295, 0.007528738748175051, -0.02680644194275631, -0.10952675060278415, 0.1429614164388483, 0.44533606035123885, -0.30919716315986834, -0.3027841214552126, -0.005048119330127616, -0.3342690115415417, -0.09358398413565834, 0.12833181486580422, 0.03753045128773799, 0.003871475601882006, -0.02881666227033675, -0.09505885154981397, -0.15729078808510924, -0.2383424924249736, 0.2907162706122478, 0.0895476516715325, 0.3497995089582967, 0.12923436837870447, 0.01043190811225007, -0.046080672099048724, 0.16234151845740205, 0.04136822793006369, -0.18881751027658006, 0.04645720994784044, 0.257094866291216, -0.09536078592465647, 0.225958678024549, -0.42736674311562584, -0.17548629921959893, -0.025626967797072325, 0.0603391653590267, 0.12602160037268548, -0.08073896336043665, -0.19248438474054622, 0.10910249654764095, -0.10279016659298368, -0.10621951496129674, -0.08363506562319642, 0.00927429509439827, -0.028256765348358755, -0.27036636838106337, 0.09803347849385995, 0.06304498204747133, 0.1529419239716933, -0.1601334450502707, -0.16227920641051194, -0.11266552786285107, 0.0570375536799233, 0.09277376963188295, 0.09180693779824779, 0.18830979484817492, -0.08594422444363281, -0.06043659053141235, 0.40974051872911177, -0.04463296231146144, -0.06105634865177944, 0.1440705222497999, -0.16493031950008158, -0.0866590790013758, 0.16696435884383004, 0.11342560810956948, 0.060982068971755496, -0.10520415219315533, 0.11310101393043616, 0.03801137235312335, 0.24151533283422025, 0.05383395807471423, 0.009179874875508578, 0.22182917099577926, 0.18898721653823863, 0.044030056833660444, 0.11896591372293445, -0.09032789297686247, -0.01923157397937854, -0.19890634946327293, -0.19910608933397891, -0.21208494879301243, 0.07945634317543127, -0.11237541158965364, -0.1922485570143084, 0.3453955613323941, 0.16217563429072632, 0.1508756727737424, -0.08260656837930293, 0.24459150081615796, 0.10468835832007163, 0.08332424535028703, 0.06473246630924069, 0.29388413455469153, 0.15517070432053467, 0.1431377208997718, -0.3079399436081768, 0.12784046242508082, -0.010615787971599967] |
711.4587 | The survival of dark matter halos in the cluster Cl0024+16 | Theories of structure formation in a cold dark matter dominated
Universe predict that massive clusters of galaxies assemble from the
hierarchical merging of lower mass subhalos. Exploiting strong and weak
gravitational lensing signals inferred from panoramic HST imaging data, we
present a high resolution reconstruction of the mass distribution in the
massive, lensing cluster Cl0024+16. Applying galaxy-galaxy lensing techniques
we track the fate of dark matter subhalos as a function of projected
cluster-centric radius out to 5 Mpc, well beyond the virial radius. We report
the first detection of the statistical lensing signal of dark matter subhalos
associated with late-type galaxies in clusters. The mass of a typical dark
matter subhalo that hosts an L* galaxy increases with projected cluster-centric
radius in line with expectations from the tidal stripping hypothesis.
Early-type galaxies appear to be hosted on average in more massive dark matter
subhalos compared to late-type galaxies. We interpret our findings as evidence
for the active assembly of mass via tidal stripping in galaxy clusters. The
mass function of dark matter subhalos as a function of projected
cluster-centric radius, is compared with an equivalent mass function derived
from clusters in the Millenium Run simulation populated with galaxies using
semi-analytic models. The shape of the lensing determined mass functions are in
very good agreement with the subhalo mass functions derived from the Millenium
Run simulation. However, simulated subhalos appear to be more efficiently
stripped than lensing observations suggest. (Abridged)
| astro-ph | theories of structure formation in a cold dark matter dominated universe predict that massive clusters of galaxies assemble from the hierarchical merging of lower mass subhalos exploiting strong and weak gravitational lensing signals inferred from panoramic hst imaging data we present a high resolution reconstruction of the mass distribution in the massive lensing cluster cl002416 applying galaxygalaxy lensing techniques we track the fate of dark matter subhalos as a function of projected clustercentric radius out to 5 mpc well beyond the virial radius we report the first detection of the statistical lensing signal of dark matter subhalos associated with latetype galaxies in clusters the mass of a typical dark matter subhalo that hosts an l galaxy increases with projected clustercentric radius in line with expectations from the tidal stripping hypothesis earlytype galaxies appear to be hosted on average in more massive dark matter subhalos compared to latetype galaxies we interpret our findings as evidence for the active assembly of mass via tidal stripping in galaxy clusters the mass function of dark matter subhalos as a function of projected clustercentric radius is compared with an equivalent mass function derived from clusters in the millenium run simulation populated with galaxies using semianalytic models the shape of the lensing determined mass functions are in very good agreement with the subhalo mass functions derived from the millenium run simulation however simulated subhalos appear to be more efficiently stripped than lensing observations suggest abridged | [['theories', 'of', 'structure', 'formation', 'in', 'a', 'cold', 'dark', 'matter', 'dominated', 'universe', 'predict', 'that', 'massive', 'clusters', 'of', 'galaxies', 'assemble', 'from', 'the', 'hierarchical', 'merging', 'of', 'lower', 'mass', 'subhalos', 'exploiting', 'strong', 'and', 'weak', 'gravitational', 'lensing', 'signals', 'inferred', 'from', 'panoramic', 'hst', 'imaging', 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711.4588 | Kinematic and Chemical constraints on the formation of M31's inner and
outer halo | The halo of M31 shows a wealth of substructures that are consistent with
satellite accretion. Here we report on kinematic and abundance results from
Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy in the calcium triplet region of over 3500 red giant
star candidates along the minor axis and in off-axis spheroid fields of M31.
Our data reach out to large radial distances of 160 kpc. The derived velocity
distributions show a kinematically cold substructure at 17 kpc that has been
reported before. We devise an improved method to measure accurate metallicities
from the calcium triplet in low signal-to-noise spectra using a coaddition of
the individual lines. The resulting distribution leads us to note an even
stronger gradient in the abundance distribution along M31's minor axis than
previously detected. The mean metallicity in the outer halo reaches below -2
dex, with individual values as low as -2.6 dex. In the inner spheroid, at 17-19
kpc, we find a sharp decline of ~0.5 dex in metallicity, which roughly
coincides with the edge of an extended disk, previously detected from star
count maps. A large fraction of red giants in the most distant fields are
likely members of M33's overlapping halo. A comparison of our velocities with
those predicted by new N-body simulations argues that the event responsible for
the giant Stream is most likely not responsible for the full population of the
inner halo; we show further that the abundance distribution of the Stream is
different from that of the inner halo, from which it becomes evident that the
merger event that formed the outer halo cannot have contributed any significant
material to the inner spheroid. All this evidence of severe structure changes
in the halo suggests a high degree of infall and stochastic abundance accretion
governing the build-up of M31's halo. (Abridged)
| astro-ph | the halo of m31 shows a wealth of substructures that are consistent with satellite accretion here we report on kinematic and abundance results from keckdeimos spectroscopy in the calcium triplet region of over 3500 red giant star candidates along the minor axis and in offaxis spheroid fields of m31 our data reach out to large radial distances of 160 kpc the derived velocity distributions show a kinematically cold substructure at 17 kpc that has been reported before we devise an improved method to measure accurate metallicities from the calcium triplet in low signaltonoise spectra using a coaddition of the individual lines the resulting distribution leads us to note an even stronger gradient in the abundance distribution along m31s minor axis than previously detected the mean metallicity in the outer halo reaches below 2 dex with individual values as low as 26 dex in the inner spheroid at 1719 kpc we find a sharp decline of 05 dex in metallicity which roughly coincides with the edge of an extended disk previously detected from star count maps a large fraction of red giants in the most distant fields are likely members of m33s overlapping halo a comparison of our velocities with those predicted by new nbody simulations argues that the event responsible for the giant stream is most likely not responsible for the full population of the inner halo we show further that the abundance distribution of the stream is different from that of the inner halo from which it becomes evident that the merger event that formed the outer halo cannot have contributed any significant material to the inner spheroid all this evidence of severe structure changes in the halo suggests a high degree of infall and stochastic abundance accretion governing the buildup of m31s halo abridged | [['the', 'halo', 'of', 'm31', 'shows', 'a', 'wealth', 'of', 'substructures', 'that', 'are', 'consistent', 'with', 'satellite', 'accretion', 'here', 'we', 'report', 'on', 'kinematic', 'and', 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711.4589 | The Once and Future Andromeda Stream | The interaction between an accreting satellite and the Andromeda galaxy (M31)
has been studied analytically and numerically, using a high-resolution N-body
simulation with $4\times10^7$ particles. For the first time, we show the
self-gravitating response of the disk, the bulge, and the dark matter halo of
M31 to an accreting satellite. We reproduce the Stream and the shells at the
East and West side of M31, by following the evolution of the collision 4 Gyr
into the future, and show that recently discovered diffuse arcs on the south
side of the minor axis are the remnants of a similar collision that occurred
3-4 Gyr earlier than the Stream event. The present day integrity of the M31
disk constrains the satellite mass to be $M \leq 5\times10^9 M_\odot$. The
stars that were originally in the center of the satellite are now in the east
shell. Therefore, observations in this region might reveal additional clues
about the nature of satellite, such as the central core and any metallicity
gradient.
| astro-ph | the interaction between an accreting satellite and the andromeda galaxy m31 has been studied analytically and numerically using a highresolution nbody simulation with 4times107 particles for the first time we show the selfgravitating response of the disk the bulge and the dark matter halo of m31 to an accreting satellite we reproduce the stream and the shells at the east and west side of m31 by following the evolution of the collision 4 gyr into the future and show that recently discovered diffuse arcs on the south side of the minor axis are the remnants of a similar collision that occurred 34 gyr earlier than the stream event the present day integrity of the m31 disk constrains the satellite mass to be m leq 5times109 m_odot the stars that were originally in the center of the satellite are now in the east shell therefore observations in this region might reveal additional clues about the nature of satellite such as the central core and any metallicity gradient | [['the', 'interaction', 'between', 'an', 'accreting', 'satellite', 'and', 'the', 'andromeda', 'galaxy', 'm31', 'has', 'been', 'studied', 'analytically', 'and', 'numerically', 'using', 'a', 'highresolution', 'nbody', 'simulation', 'with', '4times107', 'particles', 'for', 'the', 'first', 'time', 'we', 'show', 'the', 'selfgravitating', 'response', 'of', 'the', 'disk', 'the', 'bulge', 'and', 'the', 'dark', 'matter', 'halo', 'of', 'm31', 'to', 'an', 'accreting', 'satellite', 'we', 'reproduce', 'the', 'stream', 'and', 'the', 'shells', 'at', 'the', 'east', 'and', 'west', 'side', 'of', 'm31', 'by', 'following', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'the', 'collision', '4', 'gyr', 'into', 'the', 'future', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'recently', 'discovered', 'diffuse', 'arcs', 'on', 'the', 'south', 'side', 'of', 'the', 'minor', 'axis', 'are', 'the', 'remnants', 'of', 'a', 'similar', 'collision', 'that', 'occurred', '34', 'gyr', 'earlier', 'than', 'the', 'stream', 'event', 'the', 'present', 'day', 'integrity', 'of', 'the', 'm31', 'disk', 'constrains', 'the', 'satellite', 'mass', 'to', 'be', 'm', 'leq', '5times109', 'm_odot', 'the', 'stars', 'that', 'were', 'originally', 'in', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'the', 'satellite', 'are', 'now', 'in', 'the', 'east', 'shell', 'therefore', 'observations', 'in', 'this', 'region', 'might', 'reveal', 'additional', 'clues', 'about', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'satellite', 'such', 'as', 'the', 'central', 'core', 'and', 'any', 'metallicity', 'gradient']] | [-0.10183405852035048, 0.07409080403666882, -0.10918940016046076, 0.09147955361523677, -0.0874229043116232, 5.3365517082253854e-05, -0.011723787934766207, 0.37721233013792926, -0.1942151822822999, -0.35515340213791513, 0.08027841742164511, -0.30614207363168494, -0.037328186133430766, 0.18446112809988882, -0.015783520406834412, -0.030357764970724392, 0.06569290724765307, -0.022218314588563628, -0.03909852044482951, -0.29614460278464255, 0.27668649311379406, 0.09987970891251531, 0.1074824544246286, -0.02464583016657102, 0.06930304350365088, -0.05284548194024218, -0.050244621337806605, -0.0693355941477355, -0.15680056597653697, 0.03247372668056962, 0.18817418425870605, 0.11389364142122353, 0.21363143520345576, -0.4362983425338584, -0.2073680506822799, 0.039985152836664616, 0.21866452563287556, 0.02937076680894509, -0.10586956789852428, -0.3042825320735574, 0.08306489762091303, -0.21936576029689736, -0.2032801691352962, 0.13390433035386973, 0.07900613041849545, 0.030947097365362906, -0.1752026340172413, 0.14066767332730365, 0.04697636365385569, 0.06024654100772487, -0.10989855741380702, -0.09364607503233724, -0.08556453153737877, 0.09371324935198638, 0.044503625647892654, 0.06909395552083221, 0.1850644444250109, -0.10407473883978709, -0.02681605598548461, 0.3855916474867298, -0.04633209774600614, 0.01342463421534343, 0.22019624770675078, -0.2292046324961471, -0.17726114378815674, 0.08186242018029632, 0.14526948168262255, 0.07852053094980677, -0.1604687854344676, 0.05352608485081435, -0.08360654158315745, 0.19337526545859873, 0.08866548353907125, -0.011196323096698166, 0.34326891703475043, 0.11591206908966582, 0.06491624107808773, 0.07794009211840647, -0.2528282885288214, -0.0917736936314312, -0.2180672812847847, -0.1376911201191707, -0.1298874957635662, 0.026502453837072455, -0.13808764098150758, -0.06529818053065564, 0.331625068044088, 0.11518986049635582, 0.25857170147215386, 0.006293961473744845, 0.32359753639987077, 0.05396564758076972, 0.11297375243998704, 0.15913568098793726, 0.31809545238782844, 0.14565229055987872, 0.09502859541820924, -0.24313901512356229, 0.0814827050640618, -0.016432747424366963] |
711.459 | Helioseismology and Solar Abundances | Helioseismology has allowed us to study the structure of the Sun in
unprecedented detail. One of the triumphs of the theory of stellar evolution
was that helioseismic studies had shown that the structure of solar models is
very similar to that of the Sun. However, this agreement has been spoiled by
recent revisions of the solar heavy-element abundances. Heavy element
abundances determine the opacity of the stellar material and hence, are an
important input to stellar model calculations. The models with the new, low
abundances do not satisfy helioseismic constraints. We review here how
heavy-element abundances affect solar models, how these models are tested with
helioseismology, and the impact of the new abundances on standard solar models.
We also discuss the attempts made to improve the agreement of the low-abundance
models with the Sun and discuss how helioseismology is being used to determine
the solar heavy-element abundance. A review of current literature shows that
attempts to improve agreement between solar models with low heavy-element
abundances and seismic inference have been unsuccessful so far. The
low-metallicity models that have the least disagreement with seismic data
require changing all input physics to stellar models beyond their acceptable
ranges. Seismic determinations of the solar heavy-element abundance yield
results that are consistent with the older, higher values of the solar
abundance, and hence, no major changes to the inputs to solar models are
required to make higher-metallicity solar models consistent with helioseismic
data.
| astro-ph | helioseismology has allowed us to study the structure of the sun in unprecedented detail one of the triumphs of the theory of stellar evolution was that helioseismic studies had shown that the structure of solar models is very similar to that of the sun however this agreement has been spoiled by recent revisions of the solar heavyelement abundances heavy element abundances determine the opacity of the stellar material and hence are an important input to stellar model calculations the models with the new low abundances do not satisfy helioseismic constraints we review here how heavyelement abundances affect solar models how these models are tested with helioseismology and the impact of the new abundances on standard solar models we also discuss the attempts made to improve the agreement of the lowabundance models with the sun and discuss how helioseismology is being used to determine the solar heavyelement abundance a review of current literature shows that attempts to improve agreement between solar models with low heavyelement abundances and seismic inference have been unsuccessful so far the lowmetallicity models that have the least disagreement with seismic data require changing all input physics to stellar models beyond their acceptable ranges seismic determinations of the solar heavyelement abundance yield results that are consistent with the older higher values of the solar abundance and hence no major changes to the inputs to solar models are required to make highermetallicity solar models consistent with helioseismic data | [['helioseismology', 'has', 'allowed', 'us', 'to', 'study', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'sun', 'in', 'unprecedented', 'detail', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'triumphs', 'of', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'stellar', 'evolution', 'was', 'that', 'helioseismic', 'studies', 'had', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'solar', 'models', 'is', 'very', 'similar', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'sun', 'however', 'this', 'agreement', 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711.4591 | Light Higgses at the Tevatron and at the LHC and Observable Dark Matter
in SUGRA and D Branes | Sparticle landscapes in mSUGRA, in SUGRA models with nonuniversalities
(NUSUGRA), and in D brane models are analyzed. The analysis exhibits the
existence of Higgs Mass Patterns (HPs) (for $\mu>0$) where the CP odd Higgs
could be the next heavier particle beyond the LSP and sometimes even lighter
than the LSP. It is shown that the Higgs production cross sections from the HPs
are typically the largest enhancing the prospects for their detection at the
LHC. Indeed it is seen that the recent Higgs production limits from CDF/D\O\
are beginning to put constraints on the HPs. It is also seen that the $B_s\to
\mu^+\mu^-$ limits constrain the HPs more stringently. Predictions of the Higgs
production cross sections for these patterns at the LHC are made. We compute
the neutralino-proton cross sections $\sigma (\chi p)$ for dark matter
experiments and show that the largest $\sigma (\chi p)$ also arise from the HPs
and further that the HPs and some of the other patterns are beginning to be
constrained by the most recent data from CDMS and from Xenon10 experiments.
Finally, it is shown that the prospects are bright for the discovery of dark
matter with $\sigma(\chi p)$ in the range $10^{-44\pm .5}$cm$^2$ due to a
"Wall" consisting of a copious number of parameter points in the Chargino
Patterns (CPs) where the chargino is the NLSP. The Wall, which appears in all
models considered (mSUGRA, NUSUGRA and D branes) and runs up to about a TeV in
LSP mass, significantly enhances the chances for the observation of dark matter
by SuperCDMS, ZEPLIN-MAX, or LUX experiments which are expected to achieve a
sensitivity of $10^{-45}$ cm$^2$ or more.
| hep-ph astro-ph | sparticle landscapes in msugra in sugra models with nonuniversalities nusugra and in d brane models are analyzed the analysis exhibits the existence of higgs mass patterns hps for mu0 where the cp odd higgs could be the next heavier particle beyond the lsp and sometimes even lighter than the lsp it is shown that the higgs production cross sections from the hps are typically the largest enhancing the prospects for their detection at the lhc indeed it is seen that the recent higgs production limits from cdfdo are beginning to put constraints on the hps it is also seen that the b_sto mumu limits constrain the hps more stringently predictions of the higgs production cross sections for these patterns at the lhc are made we compute the neutralinoproton cross sections sigma chi p for dark matter experiments and show that the largest sigma chi p also arise from the hps and further that the hps and some of the other patterns are beginning to be constrained by the most recent data from cdms and from xenon10 experiments finally it is shown that the prospects are bright for the discovery of dark matter with sigmachi p in the range 1044pm 5cm2 due to a wall consisting of a copious number of parameter points in the chargino patterns cps where the chargino is the nlsp the wall which appears in all models considered msugra nusugra and d branes and runs up to about a tev in lsp mass significantly enhances the chances for the observation of dark matter by supercdms zeplinmax or lux experiments which are expected to achieve a sensitivity of 1045 cm2 or more | [['sparticle', 'landscapes', 'in', 'msugra', 'in', 'sugra', 'models', 'with', 'nonuniversalities', 'nusugra', 'and', 'in', 'd', 'brane', 'models', 'are', 'analyzed', 'the', 'analysis', 'exhibits', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'higgs', 'mass', 'patterns', 'hps', 'for', 'mu0', 'where', 'the', 'cp', 'odd', 'higgs', 'could', 'be', 'the', 'next', 'heavier', 'particle', 'beyond', 'the', 'lsp', 'and', 'sometimes', 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'patterns', 'are', 'beginning', 'to', 'be', 'constrained', 'by', 'the', 'most', 'recent', 'data', 'from', 'cdms', 'and', 'from', 'xenon10', 'experiments', 'finally', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'prospects', 'are', 'bright', 'for', 'the', 'discovery', 'of', 'dark', 'matter', 'with', 'sigmachi', 'p', 'in', 'the', 'range', '1044pm', '5cm2', 'due', 'to', 'a', 'wall', 'consisting', 'of', 'a', 'copious', 'number', 'of', 'parameter', 'points', 'in', 'the', 'chargino', 'patterns', 'cps', 'where', 'the', 'chargino', 'is', 'the', 'nlsp', 'the', 'wall', 'which', 'appears', 'in', 'all', 'models', 'considered', 'msugra', 'nusugra', 'and', 'd', 'branes', 'and', 'runs', 'up', 'to', 'about', 'a', 'tev', 'in', 'lsp', 'mass', 'significantly', 'enhances', 'the', 'chances', 'for', 'the', 'observation', 'of', 'dark', 'matter', 'by', 'supercdms', 'zeplinmax', 'or', 'lux', 'experiments', 'which', 'are', 'expected', 'to', 'achieve', 'a', 'sensitivity', 'of', '1045', 'cm2', 'or', 'more']] | 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711.4592 | Harmonic Functions, Entropy, and a Characterization of the Hyperbolic
Space | Let $(M^{n},g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with $Ric\geq-(n-1) $. It is
well known that the bottom of spectrum $\lambda_{0}$ of its unverversal
covering satisfies $\lambda_{0}\leq(n-1) ^{2}/4 $. We prove that equality holds
iff $M$ is hyperbolic. This follows from a sharp estimate for the Kaimanovich
entropy.
| math.DG | let mng be a compact riemannian manifold with ricgeqn1 it is well known that the bottom of spectrum lambda_0 of its unverversal covering satisfies lambda_0leqn1 24 we prove that equality holds iff m is hyperbolic this follows from a sharp estimate for the kaimanovich entropy | [['let', 'mng', 'be', 'a', 'compact', 'riemannian', 'manifold', 'with', 'ricgeqn1', 'it', 'is', 'well', 'known', 'that', 'the', 'bottom', 'of', 'spectrum', 'lambda_0', 'of', 'its', 'unverversal', 'covering', 'satisfies', 'lambda_0leqn1', '24', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'equality', 'holds', 'iff', 'm', 'is', 'hyperbolic', 'this', 'follows', 'from', 'a', 'sharp', 'estimate', 'for', 'the', 'kaimanovich', 'entropy']] | [-0.1585066670030799, 0.13986569197316254, -0.1209800158228193, 0.09248645516345277, -0.1055670201534494, -0.21319053380838818, -0.025407490054411546, 0.3167952077984366, -0.26409901603169383, -0.22557558017295032, 0.1356746362233978, -0.32758181994514807, -0.10837690449746636, 0.21511200337027686, -0.13894653858456185, -0.04546125960630542, 0.055315644214195867, 0.13147970111597151, -0.06033848819234187, -0.1817161801736802, 0.380193413545688, -0.05599096625865925, 0.18157290907332763, 0.1306617555895909, 0.15103068320258034, -0.004855271484259339, 0.05996196601717245, 0.03531599334729392, -0.19236586445982712, 0.08943366390858068, 0.2240862770981732, 0.13609957816411875, 0.20580336235884933, -0.27702899450170143, -0.1953568658569739, 0.1743931699616258, 0.10531005558247368, -0.07391754198553306, -0.014293878888046103, -0.24297689371520564, 0.18576724517403082, -0.07492765777611307, -0.21275638176926545, -0.005017512220157576, 0.09181312739937789, -0.048554068098642995, -0.29376723679403466, 0.07364394356097494, 0.1483742754623693, 0.010480192841939805, -0.05607945529378152, -0.08890016078172873, -0.10096883339740868, 0.09953384587009038, -0.026443594190779896, 0.11518732614197125, 0.08058970460357766, 0.029455270379826072, -0.03979541899059855, 0.36708820921679336, -0.13793523316936834, -0.1967347620853356, 0.09450605977326632, -0.19857548744905562, -0.136428371615087, 0.09913550063391172, 0.06138482450374535, 0.15361311922537252, -0.04169866543573638, 0.24273878395823495, -0.13873313810853732, 0.15261996202614336, 0.081971886922561, -0.018625125532881134, 0.12533242874113576, 0.15283218669217258, 0.19694983067789248, 0.16229670129749657, 0.0006098967112068619, 0.015851424120011785, -0.37175826550949187, -0.20854030046168537, -0.24725715758367664, 0.2523140108789362, -0.11752333914461945, -0.17112938833556005, 0.2838027213833162, -0.007891755839366289, 0.21010203819189752, 0.1875710830846358, 0.2351509883911127, 0.11367673176435, 0.032711493771611935, 0.18612206847007787, 0.1820933757505069, 0.2445129484071263, 0.024214413815311024, -0.09298103984024021, -0.0169273093786268, 0.12104093097150326] |
711.4593 | Spin asymmetries for elastic proton scattering and the spin dependent
couplings of the Pomeron | This paper serves as a report on the large amount of analysis done in
conjunction with the polarized proton program at RHIC. This comprises elastic
scattering data of protons on protons in colliding beam or fixed target mode
and proton beams on carbon targets. In addition to providing a model for the
energy dependence of the analyzing power of elastic scattering needed for
proton polarimetry, it also provides some significant information about the
spin dependence of dominant Regge poles. Most notably, the data indicates that
the Pomeron has a significant spin-flip coupling. This allows the exploration
of the double spin flip asymmetry A_{NN} for which some data over a wide energy
range is now available, along with a concrete realization of a proposed Odderon
search.
| hep-ph nucl-ex | this paper serves as a report on the large amount of analysis done in conjunction with the polarized proton program at rhic this comprises elastic scattering data of protons on protons in colliding beam or fixed target mode and proton beams on carbon targets in addition to providing a model for the energy dependence of the analyzing power of elastic scattering needed for proton polarimetry it also provides some significant information about the spin dependence of dominant regge poles most notably the data indicates that the pomeron has a significant spinflip coupling this allows the exploration of the double spin flip asymmetry a_nn for which some data over a wide energy range is now available along with a concrete realization of a proposed odderon search | [['this', 'paper', 'serves', 'as', 'a', 'report', 'on', 'the', 'large', 'amount', 'of', 'analysis', 'done', 'in', 'conjunction', 'with', 'the', 'polarized', 'proton', 'program', 'at', 'rhic', 'this', 'comprises', 'elastic', 'scattering', 'data', 'of', 'protons', 'on', 'protons', 'in', 'colliding', 'beam', 'or', 'fixed', 'target', 'mode', 'and', 'proton', 'beams', 'on', 'carbon', 'targets', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'providing', 'a', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'energy', 'dependence', 'of', 'the', 'analyzing', 'power', 'of', 'elastic', 'scattering', 'needed', 'for', 'proton', 'polarimetry', 'it', 'also', 'provides', 'some', 'significant', 'information', 'about', 'the', 'spin', 'dependence', 'of', 'dominant', 'regge', 'poles', 'most', 'notably', 'the', 'data', 'indicates', 'that', 'the', 'pomeron', 'has', 'a', 'significant', 'spinflip', 'coupling', 'this', 'allows', 'the', 'exploration', 'of', 'the', 'double', 'spin', 'flip', 'asymmetry', 'a_nn', 'for', 'which', 'some', 'data', 'over', 'a', 'wide', 'energy', 'range', 'is', 'now', 'available', 'along', 'with', 'a', 'concrete', 'realization', 'of', 'a', 'proposed', 'odderon', 'search']] | [-0.11720712209492921, 0.14828679341822862, -0.11030362144112588, 0.08037328129075468, -0.07712277885712683, -0.1008298770491965, 0.051452851613052186, 0.36051643487811086, -0.22876968576479703, -0.3065630283355713, 0.0166559915120597, -0.32010289079893844, -0.004793740347027778, 0.2079616232793778, 0.05612954530119896, 0.042370665703900155, 0.09002307394146919, 0.02368699061498046, -0.027392455318942667, -0.14707537084817887, 0.3103531398680061, 0.12951139182783664, 0.2709050932424143, 0.13517893121019006, 0.11646148273255676, 0.12200603519007563, -0.030345246881246568, -0.050895955432206395, -0.09803261979232775, 0.12040650653094054, 0.2777814285308123, 0.05320308684743941, 0.17058082093298435, -0.4090995836704969, -0.1801069713514298, 0.0867616949826479, 0.14427247916162014, 0.13080739366728814, -0.08172600998636335, -0.1912594217285514, 0.00850680285319686, -0.17961788969486953, -0.1507960691060871, -0.0759083926603198, 0.026170902999117972, 0.016564082968980074, -0.28622246213257313, 0.025472888843854888, 0.017901988081634044, 0.06054392647743225, -0.05713659612415358, -0.1603388997092843, -0.033052257288247344, 0.048697682345286014, 0.10902683740574867, 0.08748927477933466, 0.11867317684367298, -0.13354940004460514, -0.10960122180357576, 0.36481991995871066, -0.03235901618562639, -0.13877731915190816, 0.13070270699635148, -0.1912428569421172, -0.13508652895875276, 0.19085139924101532, 0.1969921458438039, 0.10007991044968366, -0.16336282498110086, 0.057756129823159426, -0.044430615587159994, 0.1808553554750979, 0.08529474601149559, 0.044083012767136096, 0.2248346821963787, 0.2610505180209875, 0.029536147784441708, 0.11625608092546463, -0.16355151263065637, -0.0670640305057168, -0.3424989157691598, -0.11180923952162265, -0.13116181100974791, 0.04375227797869593, -0.07940022501151543, -0.09901031116396189, 0.39219884961098433, 0.09263505934365093, 0.20064736872538924, -0.00902536505367607, 0.3263904816806316, 0.07671300183981657, 0.10520389143377543, 0.0473534179739654, 0.2597583577272017, 0.1374252167120576, 0.16197514754906298, -0.2549305012859404, 0.06702094098832458, -0.061290243841707705] |
711.4594 | P-wave Pairing in Two-Component Fermi Systems with Unequal Population
near Feshbach Resonance | We explore p-wave pairing in a single-channel two-component Fermi system with
unequal population near Feshbach resonance. Our analytical and numerical study
reveal a rich superfluid (SF) ground state structure as a function of
imbalance. In addition to the state $\Delta_{\pm 1} \propto Y_{1\pm 1}$, a
multitude of ``mixed'' SF states formed of linear combinations of $Y_{1m}$'s
give global energy minimum under a phase stability condition; these states
exhibit variation in energy with the relative phase between the constituent gap
amplitudes. States with local energy minimum are also obtained. We provide a
geometric representation of the states. A $T$=0 polarization vs. p-wave
coupling phase diagram is constructed across the BEC-BCS regimes. With
increased polarization, the global minimum SF state may undergo a quantum phase
transition to the local minimum SF state.
| cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.other | we explore pwave pairing in a singlechannel twocomponent fermi system with unequal population near feshbach resonance our analytical and numerical study reveal a rich superfluid sf ground state structure as a function of imbalance in addition to the state delta_pm 1 propto y_1pm 1 a multitude of mixed sf states formed of linear combinations of y_1ms give global energy minimum under a phase stability condition these states exhibit variation in energy with the relative phase between the constituent gap amplitudes states with local energy minimum are also obtained we provide a geometric representation of the states a t0 polarization vs pwave coupling phase diagram is constructed across the becbcs regimes with increased polarization the global minimum sf state may undergo a quantum phase transition to the local minimum sf state | [['we', 'explore', 'pwave', 'pairing', 'in', 'a', 'singlechannel', 'twocomponent', 'fermi', 'system', 'with', 'unequal', 'population', 'near', 'feshbach', 'resonance', 'our', 'analytical', 'and', 'numerical', 'study', 'reveal', 'a', 'rich', 'superfluid', 'sf', 'ground', 'state', 'structure', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'imbalance', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'state', 'delta_pm', '1', 'propto', 'y_1pm', '1', 'a', 'multitude', 'of', 'mixed', 'sf', 'states', 'formed', 'of', 'linear', 'combinations', 'of', 'y_1ms', 'give', 'global', 'energy', 'minimum', 'under', 'a', 'phase', 'stability', 'condition', 'these', 'states', 'exhibit', 'variation', 'in', 'energy', 'with', 'the', 'relative', 'phase', 'between', 'the', 'constituent', 'gap', 'amplitudes', 'states', 'with', 'local', 'energy', 'minimum', 'are', 'also', 'obtained', 'we', 'provide', 'a', 'geometric', 'representation', 'of', 'the', 'states', 'a', 't0', 'polarization', 'vs', 'pwave', 'coupling', 'phase', 'diagram', 'is', 'constructed', 'across', 'the', 'becbcs', 'regimes', 'with', 'increased', 'polarization', 'the', 'global', 'minimum', 'sf', 'state', 'may', 'undergo', 'a', 'quantum', 'phase', 'transition', 'to', 'the', 'local', 'minimum', 'sf', 'state']] | [-0.21988762063119793, 0.21059131099991646, -0.10664766983609297, 0.08351757967921003, 0.0039586577277077595, -0.13842742574342992, 0.11425067412892531, 0.3291864308048389, -0.2536010241601616, -0.28264375882281456, 0.0006484221894424991, -0.27458398549060803, -0.08935159449174535, 0.07682919816943468, 0.05560737481209799, 0.02137766590476531, 0.013174688425351633, 0.0133928789566653, -0.1435536584831425, -0.16309531960285995, 0.3352532727876678, -0.03461923644226772, 0.3011550488881767, 0.05468493214584669, 0.022166513352999573, -0.015197118595096981, 0.11879276188847143, -0.008079200772044715, -0.18027050735690864, 0.028912122310430277, 0.2593640066770604, 0.01907572893833276, 0.18188362207183673, -0.40448087154800305, -0.2158199865698407, 0.11693829676187306, 0.12346046049788129, 0.13254683621926233, -0.04105331031678361, -0.2906986705274903, 0.02866939370142063, -0.2087543478482985, -0.14756018556363415, -0.08722667609254131, 0.016671219742420362, 0.012730828208077583, -0.2726628868354055, 0.13976463767698988, 0.015613869889705256, 0.07943739329311938, -0.10728609023135505, -0.12451186609087017, -0.07371894531570433, 0.0712363553684554, -0.04256788647217036, 0.0785406813474765, 0.09273806499186321, -0.18034833784258808, -0.0748794177743548, 0.30053024570770503, -0.07931800018377544, -0.11773348789938609, 0.19136366272141458, -0.1529552513748058, -0.05531831326698011, 0.16043819759579492, 0.11756031936238287, 0.053647399763576686, -0.0658287666524302, 0.03445506801972442, -0.01197920228514704, 0.1942157729245082, 0.014258163824706571, 0.12097715622167016, 0.2430793782841647, 0.1673697051446652, 0.09102510161756072, 0.19024536096549127, -0.12306269196596986, -0.16562985133350594, -0.3026373155080364, -0.11101796982984524, -0.17631118569261162, 0.019992500082480547, -0.04799958529463311, -0.16711289723752998, 0.43346008234948386, 0.042197033927550365, 0.25314325584622566, 0.0058775340874035464, 0.2276649960585928, 0.15351181741789333, 0.011558422873349627, 0.08168114690397488, 0.2515658396623621, 0.16205041633929795, 0.05939461001253221, -0.32362901921851517, 0.03457976635581872, 0.045504478712246055] |
711.4595 | A Rigidity Theorem for the Hemisphere | We prove the following rigidity theorem: For an n-dimensional compact
Riemannian manifold with boundary whose Ricci curvature is bounded by n-1 from
below, if its boundary is isometric to the standard sphere of dimension n-1 and
totally geodesic, then the manifold is isometric to the standard hemisphere.
| math.DG | we prove the following rigidity theorem for an ndimensional compact riemannian manifold with boundary whose ricci curvature is bounded by n1 from below if its boundary is isometric to the standard sphere of dimension n1 and totally geodesic then the manifold is isometric to the standard hemisphere | [['we', 'prove', 'the', 'following', 'rigidity', 'theorem', 'for', 'an', 'ndimensional', 'compact', 'riemannian', 'manifold', 'with', 'boundary', 'whose', 'ricci', 'curvature', 'is', 'bounded', 'by', 'n1', 'from', 'below', 'if', 'its', 'boundary', 'is', 'isometric', 'to', 'the', 'standard', 'sphere', 'of', 'dimension', 'n1', 'and', 'totally', 'geodesic', 'then', 'the', 'manifold', 'is', 'isometric', 'to', 'the', 'standard', 'hemisphere']] | [-0.11628717411943573, 0.1680604559991712, -0.0625856867099696, 0.03074330327031698, -0.15816295417421994, -0.18531570562775782, -0.10760442693371008, 0.3480615795768322, -0.2900997706233187, -0.15851263434408194, 0.19475277440939495, -0.332037811583661, -0.13367359340190887, 0.12480317881489371, -0.1911455757044097, 0.012661700918428363, 0.053734451294579405, 0.2096039306847973, -0.07501360671000278, -0.24037038305021347, 0.48377798592790644, -0.07273445127809301, 0.17274319044155803, 0.12701555420743657, 0.15179216571429627, -0.035197971071651644, 0.06854273350116738, 0.04856033599440088, -0.20231688662650102, 0.1181254099182626, 0.1932255008277741, 0.08391751776984398, 0.15915228773225495, -0.38329058830091295, -0.21491737475499828, 0.2444686239506019, 0.11705276550368425, -0.0624562278191777, 0.020377544919028878, -0.33618971301203077, 0.13943376884538125, 0.025671073849847976, -0.25361847218517414, -0.008499385769221377, 0.04574791643213719, -0.12550186879061004, -0.22583287120103201, 0.060209375925045064, 0.19719746661313037, 0.04250423616155031, -0.1288868992594368, -0.06499952688179117, -0.13023852626297702, 0.06572971535361115, 0.06370102890093435, 0.143694008244796, 0.12051589019160638, 0.018591211236854817, -0.06678178574533221, 0.3500271414882167, -0.12445730402907158, -0.3376470268803074, 0.09076845154483268, -0.15582733271405735, -0.07513347609919753, 0.1454430111941505, 0.1098627213022097, 0.19004652886948686, -0.08900219432395348, 0.2597238618788864, -0.06584604829054405, 0.0968615435697931, 0.10575300425370322, -0.09410985344228276, 0.1072182252983305, 0.10516233752144778, 0.2648477710565513, 0.14488273262581292, -0.03379049048105136, -0.07074805206440865, -0.38100028878196757, -0.20247397470743733, -0.20916108240155465, 0.22247896543604898, -0.22359981316487315, -0.1787859742985444, 0.3203657427010067, -0.060512550819189624, 0.16994390874466997, 0.19596679576058337, 0.2812420465052128, 0.018136195992020532, 0.003003266867884296, 0.1787751726707087, 0.22036210185986885, 0.2232665244658339, -0.013906912204432995, -0.10864613466262024, -0.16933660590624872, 0.2129934366227083] |
711.4596 | The non-random walk of stock prices: The long-term correlation between
signs and sizes | We investigate the random walk of prices by developing a simple model
relating the properties of the signs and absolute values of individual price
changes to the diffusion rate (volatility) of prices at longer time scales. We
show that this benchmark model is unable to reproduce the diffusion properties
of real prices. Specifically, we find that for one hour intervals this model
consistently over-predicts the volatility of real price series by about 70%,
and that this effect becomes stronger as the length of the intervals increases.
By selectively shuffling some components of the data while preserving others we
are able to show that this discrepancy is caused by a subtle but long-range
non-contemporaneous correlation between the signs and sizes of individual
returns. We conjecture that this is related to the long-memory of transaction
signs and the need to enforce market efficiency.
| q-fin.ST physics.soc-ph | we investigate the random walk of prices by developing a simple model relating the properties of the signs and absolute values of individual price changes to the diffusion rate volatility of prices at longer time scales we show that this benchmark model is unable to reproduce the diffusion properties of real prices specifically we find that for one hour intervals this model consistently overpredicts the volatility of real price series by about 70 and that this effect becomes stronger as the length of the intervals increases by selectively shuffling some components of the data while preserving others we are able to show that this discrepancy is caused by a subtle but longrange noncontemporaneous correlation between the signs and sizes of individual returns we conjecture that this is related to the longmemory of transaction signs and the need to enforce market efficiency | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'random', 'walk', 'of', 'prices', 'by', 'developing', 'a', 'simple', 'model', 'relating', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'signs', 'and', 'absolute', 'values', 'of', 'individual', 'price', 'changes', 'to', 'the', 'diffusion', 'rate', 'volatility', 'of', 'prices', 'at', 'longer', 'time', 'scales', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'this', 'benchmark', 'model', 'is', 'unable', 'to', 'reproduce', 'the', 'diffusion', 'properties', 'of', 'real', 'prices', 'specifically', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'for', 'one', 'hour', 'intervals', 'this', 'model', 'consistently', 'overpredicts', 'the', 'volatility', 'of', 'real', 'price', 'series', 'by', 'about', '70', 'and', 'that', 'this', 'effect', 'becomes', 'stronger', 'as', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'intervals', 'increases', 'by', 'selectively', 'shuffling', 'some', 'components', 'of', 'the', 'data', 'while', 'preserving', 'others', 'we', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'show', 'that', 'this', 'discrepancy', 'is', 'caused', 'by', 'a', 'subtle', 'but', 'longrange', 'noncontemporaneous', 'correlation', 'between', 'the', 'signs', 'and', 'sizes', 'of', 'individual', 'returns', 'we', 'conjecture', 'that', 'this', 'is', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'longmemory', 'of', 'transaction', 'signs', 'and', 'the', 'need', 'to', 'enforce', 'market', 'efficiency']] | [-0.09450392250850109, 0.11690307937641727, -0.08117276795888782, 0.12491885309953057, -0.05523282520023855, -0.11210178979837619, 0.093895023851738, 0.429684828702651, -0.3014953545895768, -0.2915326450321434, 0.128060815023615, -0.29707202597534454, -0.13567204265146235, 0.16739630984003714, -0.07370383552678511, -3.2051424194517025e-05, 0.026066558367031104, -0.005746743650875775, -0.005667197652630085, -0.3031548757026804, 0.2837372780348181, 0.07117556720800328, 0.25314015732642187, 0.06562730773675737, 0.1058615915690291, -0.02434879673829844, -0.046353336755543, 0.02071050451639115, -0.1147747456987495, 0.12960613564492562, 0.1861538872558703, 0.06417346328285568, 0.3036619510752618, -0.4285530727620877, -0.17910686566771822, 0.14036820113579643, 0.06953693307506445, 0.06250593071334487, 0.018276565341635586, -0.2239922581782155, 0.08411582569585097, -0.16470792195396433, -0.10938273717035005, -0.08177556435689859, 0.07144270328051866, 0.03309573797824469, -0.28377446713229865, 0.14116115894635928, 0.0712269926096927, 0.04367352174372075, -0.03930519790973197, -0.0753832618104862, -0.03457056305945871, 0.1615177512049992, 0.14093708554002066, -0.04278399872573766, 0.11783644311618827, -0.12103060313421203, -0.1288826516866585, 0.37179447451593184, -0.09883668651500492, -0.15126841052943932, 0.15880841779908997, -0.1912267044919761, -0.10376315113550864, 0.11902193506479475, 0.13881755240941882, 0.05435451258845786, -0.14172439483417107, 0.005079668363661948, -0.05008868356598607, 0.21542024177149044, 0.06180552136588921, -0.004639260206662171, 0.18291259873394214, 0.12637835786948706, 0.0837758366915489, 0.12051203255112289, -0.10778611152466297, -0.12832472257395375, -0.2745378233148908, -0.13085204648540905, -0.15007586729983594, 0.034291991326588056, -0.14662680969076522, -0.13493548819782042, 0.4196453125981126, 0.23032628018937423, 0.22984509585001703, 0.13331223261940578, 0.2833474339547415, 0.14053320484516602, 0.06239426329546998, 0.07807400757909244, 0.16738922467743417, 0.019159277198433296, 0.11286284708655736, -0.23040707349770617, 0.1870323257415113, 0.01764892353114824] |
711.4597 | Pinned distance sets, Wolff's exponent in finite fields and improved
sum-product estimates | An analog of the Falconer distance problem in vector spaces over finite
fields asks for the threshold $\alpha>0$ such that $|\Delta(E)| \gtrsim q$
whenever $|E| \gtrsim q^{\alpha}$, where $E \subset {\Bbb F}_q^d$, the
$d$-dimensional vector space over a finite field with $q$ elements (not
necessarily prime). Here $\Delta(E)=\{{(x_1-y_1)}^2+...+{(x_d-y_d)}^2: x,y \in
E\}$. The second listed author and Misha Rudnev established the threshold
$\frac{d+1}{2}$, and the authors of this paper, Doowon Koh and Misha Rudnev
proved that this exponent is sharp in even dimensions. In this paper we improve
the threshold to $\frac{d^2}{2d-1}$ under the additional assumption that $E$
has product structure. In particular, we obtain the exponent 4/3, consistent
with the corresponding exponent in Euclidean space obtained by Wolff.
| math.CA math.CO | an analog of the falconer distance problem in vector spaces over finite fields asks for the threshold alpha0 such that deltae gtrsim q whenever e gtrsim qalpha where e subset bbb f_qd the ddimensional vector space over a finite field with q elements not necessarily prime here deltaex_1y_12x_dy_d2 xy in e the second listed author and misha rudnev established the threshold fracd12 and the authors of this paper doowon koh and misha rudnev proved that this exponent is sharp in even dimensions in this paper we improve the threshold to fracd22d1 under the additional assumption that e has product structure in particular we obtain the exponent 43 consistent with the corresponding exponent in euclidean space obtained by wolff | [['an', 'analog', 'of', 'the', 'falconer', 'distance', 'problem', 'in', 'vector', 'spaces', 'over', 'finite', 'fields', 'asks', 'for', 'the', 'threshold', 'alpha0', 'such', 'that', 'deltae', 'gtrsim', 'q', 'whenever', 'e', 'gtrsim', 'qalpha', 'where', 'e', 'subset', 'bbb', 'f_qd', 'the', 'ddimensional', 'vector', 'space', 'over', 'a', 'finite', 'field', 'with', 'q', 'elements', 'not', 'necessarily', 'prime', 'here', 'deltaex_1y_12x_dy_d2', 'xy', 'in', 'e', 'the', 'second', 'listed', 'author', 'and', 'misha', 'rudnev', 'established', 'the', 'threshold', 'fracd12', 'and', 'the', 'authors', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'doowon', 'koh', 'and', 'misha', 'rudnev', 'proved', 'that', 'this', 'exponent', 'is', 'sharp', 'in', 'even', 'dimensions', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'improve', 'the', 'threshold', 'to', 'fracd22d1', 'under', 'the', 'additional', 'assumption', 'that', 'e', 'has', 'product', 'structure', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'obtain', 'the', 'exponent', '43', 'consistent', 'with', 'the', 'corresponding', 'exponent', 'in', 'euclidean', 'space', 'obtained', 'by', 'wolff']] | [-0.15945106857367952, 0.14069215216734626, -0.027992506752368706, 0.03960702800119681, -0.03507815370414454, -0.13504993246370478, 0.055526492356499334, 0.31761649622911076, -0.2505951650312235, -0.2286806299816817, 0.06133136933605219, -0.277248517963393, -0.12748079671592707, 0.19221896009021922, -0.09368384467309405, 0.042645713364593045, -0.006722540092847213, 0.10099920519659746, -0.02533393557954194, -0.30290326468670614, 0.33997941357565337, 0.0018495781636186715, 0.20910942902515545, 0.058495814933598136, 0.07199011531112523, 0.05749319283018724, 0.01564883382525295, 0.011974616846820371, -0.25406442599962936, 0.07079686072618893, 0.23576778668011056, 0.07131422196257987, 0.24741524830661266, -0.29592841624378646, -0.1820703868529406, 0.2232339204899196, 0.1456517519204524, -0.034474420935268806, 0.006938179538400587, -0.25638392509025487, 0.16552979260142883, -0.15860028005333554, -0.14490641254915632, 0.0011585364439364138, 0.13612402315705147, -0.006497157998543618, -0.3323938156551368, 0.044653801861668715, 0.14640416019166627, 0.08933583638984068, -0.08354622910726527, -0.15943516373176705, 0.01361227653326531, 0.025867747861474496, 0.011250852773784948, 0.16074747955205787, 0.02244668736540038, -0.07281566145307995, -0.11733460268969166, 0.32319428784178633, -0.06576071900379812, -0.19760048366954613, 0.10021242736597899, -0.21316434320560174, -0.12545781453332766, 0.10063773695106522, 0.11731768214015355, 0.11167954581645156, -0.05416693554133385, 0.22955239584101444, -0.09832604410395765, 0.1336786417322683, 0.13811520805004343, -0.012487358831126115, 0.049582163939766326, 0.04880562512686271, 0.11084884252591894, 0.10372143947511334, -0.03547332555422929, -0.011498403793164722, -0.34938015867474265, -0.15756979724392295, -0.20608002228806888, 0.14481506127463192, -0.11689255263715087, -0.12278544964622064, 0.30132618112939186, 0.09950899911325842, 0.2028034776770349, 0.06286370250444602, 0.19199309580967408, 0.10287753106416042, 0.0019212378498070456, 0.14867193464205825, 0.18347716690763702, 0.14052280467525446, 0.053062590937017755, -0.13500144661043906, 0.007571306525215763, 0.13843060538558097] |
711.4598 | Dynamical Evolution of Globular Clusters in Hierarchical Cosmology | We probe the evolution of globular clusters that could form in giant
molecular clouds within high-redshift galaxies. Numerical simulations
demonstrate that the large and dense enough gas clouds assemble naturally in
current hierarchical models of galaxy formation. These clouds are enriched with
heavy elements from earlier stars and could produce star clusters in a similar
way to nearby molecular clouds. The masses and sizes of the model clusters are
in excellent agreement with the observations of young massive clusters. Do
these model clusters evolve into globular clusters that we see in our and
external galaxies? In order to study their dynamical evolution, we calculate
the orbits of model clusters using the outputs of the cosmological simulation
of a Milky Way-sized galaxy. We find that at present the orbits are isotropic
in the inner 50 kpc of the Galaxy and preferentially radial at larger
distances. All clusters located outside 10 kpc from the center formed in the
now-disrupted satellite galaxies. The spatial distribution of model clusters is
spheroidal, with a power-law density profile consistent with observations. The
combination of two-body scattering, tidal shocks, and stellar evolution results
in the evolution of the cluster mass function from an initial power law to the
observed log-normal distribution.
| astro-ph | we probe the evolution of globular clusters that could form in giant molecular clouds within highredshift galaxies numerical simulations demonstrate that the large and dense enough gas clouds assemble naturally in current hierarchical models of galaxy formation these clouds are enriched with heavy elements from earlier stars and could produce star clusters in a similar way to nearby molecular clouds the masses and sizes of the model clusters are in excellent agreement with the observations of young massive clusters do these model clusters evolve into globular clusters that we see in our and external galaxies in order to study their dynamical evolution we calculate the orbits of model clusters using the outputs of the cosmological simulation of a milky waysized galaxy we find that at present the orbits are isotropic in the inner 50 kpc of the galaxy and preferentially radial at larger distances all clusters located outside 10 kpc from the center formed in the nowdisrupted satellite galaxies the spatial distribution of model clusters is spheroidal with a powerlaw density profile consistent with observations the combination of twobody scattering tidal shocks and stellar evolution results in the evolution of the cluster mass function from an initial power law to the observed lognormal distribution | [['we', 'probe', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'globular', 'clusters', 'that', 'could', 'form', 'in', 'giant', 'molecular', 'clouds', 'within', 'highredshift', 'galaxies', 'numerical', 'simulations', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'the', 'large', 'and', 'dense', 'enough', 'gas', 'clouds', 'assemble', 'naturally', 'in', 'current', 'hierarchical', 'models', 'of', 'galaxy', 'formation', 'these', 'clouds', 'are', 'enriched', 'with', 'heavy', 'elements', 'from', 'earlier', 'stars', 'and', 'could', 'produce', 'star', 'clusters', 'in', 'a', 'similar', 'way', 'to', 'nearby', 'molecular', 'clouds', 'the', 'masses', 'and', 'sizes', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'clusters', 'are', 'in', 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711.4599 | How can we derive Fourier's Law from quantum mechanics? Exact master
equation analysis | We derive the macroscopic Fourier's Law of heat conduction from the exact
gain-loss time convolutionless quantum master equation under three assumptions
for the interaction kernel. To second order in the interaction, we show that
the first two assumptions are natural results of the long time limit. The third
assumption can be satisfied by a family of interactions consisting an exchange
effect. The pure exchange model directly leads to energy diffusion in a weakly
coupled spin-1/2 chain.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.stat-mech | we derive the macroscopic fouriers law of heat conduction from the exact gainloss time convolutionless quantum master equation under three assumptions for the interaction kernel to second order in the interaction we show that the first two assumptions are natural results of the long time limit the third assumption can be satisfied by a family of interactions consisting an exchange effect the pure exchange model directly leads to energy diffusion in a weakly coupled spin12 chain | [['we', 'derive', 'the', 'macroscopic', 'fouriers', 'law', 'of', 'heat', 'conduction', 'from', 'the', 'exact', 'gainloss', 'time', 'convolutionless', 'quantum', 'master', 'equation', 'under', 'three', 'assumptions', 'for', 'the', 'interaction', 'kernel', 'to', 'second', 'order', 'in', 'the', 'interaction', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'first', 'two', 'assumptions', 'are', 'natural', 'results', 'of', 'the', 'long', 'time', 'limit', 'the', 'third', 'assumption', 'can', 'be', 'satisfied', 'by', 'a', 'family', 'of', 'interactions', 'consisting', 'an', 'exchange', 'effect', 'the', 'pure', 'exchange', 'model', 'directly', 'leads', 'to', 'energy', 'diffusion', 'in', 'a', 'weakly', 'coupled', 'spin12', 'chain']] | [-0.17344128720977, 0.161422782554789, -0.06919172801778921, 0.06631926146617748, -0.06930079781695415, -0.1494962943252176, 0.022748603977226212, 0.3226340222907694, -0.33007450006889966, -0.2915927173514654, 0.051047715686237144, -0.3040565290292235, -0.09912249325823627, 0.17467494524623217, 0.07170549005049427, 0.028819242688386065, 0.03941358239880126, 0.06521543804065962, -0.03340825690017817, -0.22335535580733498, 0.33489323262811493, 0.0014660060329142173, 0.28816501026679026, 0.06211648445107704, 0.1103964410232086, 0.011952116668812539, 0.0630691816699446, -0.02431475156060371, -0.12322635790798431, 0.06261898541675978, 0.16059694564319216, -0.04211301068579288, 0.23938677914587683, -0.4785114249557649, -0.21059283074971877, 0.08623944269493222, 0.08793155583675559, 0.14443859619112978, -0.01647736377382994, -0.2568807641019751, -0.02018517695710455, -0.18353530418397368, -0.14008418794745872, -0.07563477472132563, -0.03478360406466221, 0.045389068709674144, -0.3231032366349705, 0.1564891030628994, 0.11456539158366229, -0.018968172959591214, -0.08364933305174897, -0.03390048637888149, 0.0046563577764716585, 0.10834985915693994, 0.038873327514585596, -0.07348982901557495, 0.09050648986656022, -0.10995755029082495, -0.08682218515069078, 0.36763238688964567, -0.15980336091658837, -0.24300399405489626, 0.17484211165605015, -0.12314794708263914, -0.12367976407863591, 0.11817026913999334, 0.11853752965352644, 0.1059888170463972, -0.2571649892059596, 0.11415946346364524, -0.021828537451495465, 0.17811911469815592, 0.022122337060098193, -0.000407921003275796, 0.1470597452533088, 0.14092291857262976, 0.04042893692262863, 0.17402014540015157, -0.045743861897407395, -0.19708419733337665, -0.32594794588849735, -0.16420585541269056, -0.21671568872835978, 0.12307195344290353, -0.11683793408538852, -0.12980589364030348, 0.36958594789336385, 0.16841069240190096, 0.149805368524731, 0.057175505563224614, 0.25056044159971763, 0.19943135638574236, 0.034309313295556136, 0.06701899745109442, 0.24088261863461843, 0.14820434708503613, 0.08803333694997587, -0.2627016658972073, 0.06835834223679021, 0.08870573900640011] |
711.46 | Localization and the interface between quantum mechanics, quantum field
theory and quantum gravity | We show that there are significant conceptual differences between QM and QFT
which make it difficult to view the latter as just a relativistic extension of
the principles of QM. At the root of this is a fundamental distinction between
Born-localization in QM (which in the relativistic context changes its name to
Newton-Wigner localization) and modular localization which is the localization
underlying QFT, after one liberates it from its standard presentation in terms
of field coordinates. The first comes with a probability notion and projection
operators, whereas the latter describes causal propagation in QFT and leads to
thermal aspects of locally reduced finite energy states. The Born-Newton-Wigner
localization in QFT is only applicable asymptotically and the covariant
correlation between asymptotic in and out localization projectors is the basis
of the existence of an invariant scattering matrix. Taking these significant
differences serious has not only repercussions for the philosophy of science,
but also leads to a new structural properties as a consequence of vacuum
polarization: the area law for localization entropy near the the causal
localization horizon and a more realistic cutoff independent setting for the
cosmological vacuum energy density which is compatible with local covariance.
The article presents some observations about the interface between QFT in CST
and QG.
| hep-th gr-qc nucl-th quant-ph | we show that there are significant conceptual differences between qm and qft which make it difficult to view the latter as just a relativistic extension of the principles of qm at the root of this is a fundamental distinction between bornlocalization in qm which in the relativistic context changes its name to newtonwigner localization and modular localization which is the localization underlying qft after one liberates it from its standard presentation in terms of field coordinates the first comes with a probability notion and projection operators whereas the latter describes causal propagation in qft and leads to thermal aspects of locally reduced finite energy states the bornnewtonwigner localization in qft is only applicable asymptotically and the covariant correlation between asymptotic in and out localization projectors is the basis of the existence of an invariant scattering matrix taking these significant differences serious has not only repercussions for the philosophy of science but also leads to a new structural properties as a consequence of vacuum polarization the area law for localization entropy near the the causal localization horizon and a more realistic cutoff independent setting for the cosmological vacuum energy density which is compatible with local covariance the article presents some observations about the interface between qft in cst and qg | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'significant', 'conceptual', 'differences', 'between', 'qm', 'and', 'qft', 'which', 'make', 'it', 'difficult', 'to', 'view', 'the', 'latter', 'as', 'just', 'a', 'relativistic', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'principles', 'of', 'qm', 'at', 'the', 'root', 'of', 'this', 'is', 'a', 'fundamental', 'distinction', 'between', 'bornlocalization', 'in', 'qm', 'which', 'in', 'the', 'relativistic', 'context', 'changes', 'its', 'name', 'to', 'newtonwigner', 'localization', 'and', 'modular', 'localization', 'which', 'is', 'the', 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711.4601 | Colossal Van der Waals small-polaron superlattice: a hint to
understanding the colossal magnetoresistance and electroresistance in
manganites | A mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of a small-polaron
superlattice above the Curie temperature in manganites. The order-disorder
transition initiated by the external field at a lattice is known responsible
for the colossal resistance effect. We attribute the lattice formation to the
occurrence of strong Van der Waals pairing of vibronic small polarons arising
from the phonon coupling of highly polarizable two-level orbital systems. The
latter having inherent electric and magnetic dipoles associated with them, they
couple to the external field leading to the observed colossal effects. We find
numerical estimates of the critical field compatible.
| physics.chem-ph | a mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of a smallpolaron superlattice above the curie temperature in manganites the orderdisorder transition initiated by the external field at a lattice is known responsible for the colossal resistance effect we attribute the lattice formation to the occurrence of strong van der waals pairing of vibronic small polarons arising from the phonon coupling of highly polarizable twolevel orbital systems the latter having inherent electric and magnetic dipoles associated with them they couple to the external field leading to the observed colossal effects we find numerical estimates of the critical field compatible | [['a', 'mechanism', 'is', 'proposed', 'to', 'explain', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'a', 'smallpolaron', 'superlattice', 'above', 'the', 'curie', 'temperature', 'in', 'manganites', 'the', 'orderdisorder', 'transition', 'initiated', 'by', 'the', 'external', 'field', 'at', 'a', 'lattice', 'is', 'known', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'colossal', 'resistance', 'effect', 'we', 'attribute', 'the', 'lattice', 'formation', 'to', 'the', 'occurrence', 'of', 'strong', 'van', 'der', 'waals', 'pairing', 'of', 'vibronic', 'small', 'polarons', 'arising', 'from', 'the', 'phonon', 'coupling', 'of', 'highly', 'polarizable', 'twolevel', 'orbital', 'systems', 'the', 'latter', 'having', 'inherent', 'electric', 'and', 'magnetic', 'dipoles', 'associated', 'with', 'them', 'they', 'couple', 'to', 'the', 'external', 'field', 'leading', 'to', 'the', 'observed', 'colossal', 'effects', 'we', 'find', 'numerical', 'estimates', 'of', 'the', 'critical', 'field', 'compatible']] | [-0.2242703154417021, 0.20487703582538025, -0.004238943117955814, 0.05475131060918603, -0.06709316919310665, -0.12891792591984327, 0.07871837109536389, 0.3613104168990893, -0.27325656057848613, -0.28776724290634903, -0.04714818811162888, -0.28556514533274635, -0.1562001027252373, 0.15385415724345616, 0.04593167436898363, -0.015138136336998063, -0.060831647252245824, -0.015505371944342112, -0.03395230232438605, -0.21772930539944874, 0.31102356983690843, 0.06170649329979657, 0.27562845868951813, 0.10834164836215882, 0.0499515014520029, -0.013415968819219639, 0.12734559440880786, 0.042447591727903605, -0.1611517195124179, 0.07942032952773936, 0.22402058252874685, -0.13736536295856444, 0.24073905125059894, -0.4260167965133275, -0.19690010559089405, 0.024840753224953934, 0.10329828179697981, 0.2046451004630677, -0.07791208780646248, -0.28103001209508094, 0.02437024923012953, -0.14956124931364795, -0.14850335813849708, -0.09219979948117113, -0.0023416652812204342, 0.043146720566496974, -0.2721033059535738, 0.12089351509289094, 0.07505164882263207, 0.08690085533854304, -0.15121204732936255, -0.09485140712266522, -0.05929363795023944, 0.05919487684565995, 0.08366930154532347, 0.06423038664649297, 0.19132576621498684, -0.12168173050051745, -0.1177902713617576, 0.39960816795272486, -0.060735855441616506, -0.03529411507770419, 0.19604177520211255, -0.1781882822504077, -0.04053935233731659, 0.19247941572067082, 0.1023355904748017, 0.04344563382352246, -0.12364345538543955, 0.07046811932600483, 0.05081989504016784, 0.15500774433152104, 0.052385267991648644, 0.04847813081186341, 0.3006202841215596, 0.14789403886154143, -0.0033872064906267487, 0.1596284332609146, -0.07688080952639396, -0.09780631685268362, -0.2382056094820098, -0.11148497716604484, -0.20886762355625324, 0.08302175851149142, -0.08576294117264464, -0.2548212410825096, 0.34871444359839876, 0.17359080589471423, 0.17876123490610293, -0.08212966892431128, 0.22234025199146829, 0.12285786011845481, 0.11478300484809645, 0.006103584333798107, 0.28811929756965565, 0.2133965931609463, 0.13181371534509317, -0.3664583517784937, 0.09138592948414842, 0.030941513723370676] |
711.4602 | Observational Constraints on Theories with a Blue Spectrum of Tensor
Modes | Motivated by the string gas cosmological model, which predicts a blue tilt of
the primordial gravitational wave spectrum, we examine the constraints imposed
by current and planned observations on a blue tilted tensor spectrum. Starting
from an expression for the primordial gravitational wave spectrum normalized
using cosmic microwave background observations, pulsar timing, direct detection
and nucleosynthesis bounds are examined. If we assume a tensor to scalar ratio
on scales of the CMB which equals the current observational upper bound, we
obtain from these current observations constraints on the tensor spectral index
of $n_{T} \lesssim 0.79$, $n_{T} \lesssim 0.53$, and $n_{T} \lesssim 0.15$
respectively.
| astro-ph | motivated by the string gas cosmological model which predicts a blue tilt of the primordial gravitational wave spectrum we examine the constraints imposed by current and planned observations on a blue tilted tensor spectrum starting from an expression for the primordial gravitational wave spectrum normalized using cosmic microwave background observations pulsar timing direct detection and nucleosynthesis bounds are examined if we assume a tensor to scalar ratio on scales of the cmb which equals the current observational upper bound we obtain from these current observations constraints on the tensor spectral index of n_t lesssim 079 n_t lesssim 053 and n_t lesssim 015 respectively | [['motivated', 'by', 'the', 'string', 'gas', 'cosmological', 'model', 'which', 'predicts', 'a', 'blue', 'tilt', 'of', 'the', 'primordial', 'gravitational', 'wave', 'spectrum', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'constraints', 'imposed', 'by', 'current', 'and', 'planned', 'observations', 'on', 'a', 'blue', 'tilted', 'tensor', 'spectrum', 'starting', 'from', 'an', 'expression', 'for', 'the', 'primordial', 'gravitational', 'wave', 'spectrum', 'normalized', 'using', 'cosmic', 'microwave', 'background', 'observations', 'pulsar', 'timing', 'direct', 'detection', 'and', 'nucleosynthesis', 'bounds', 'are', 'examined', 'if', 'we', 'assume', 'a', 'tensor', 'to', 'scalar', 'ratio', 'on', 'scales', 'of', 'the', 'cmb', 'which', 'equals', 'the', 'current', 'observational', 'upper', 'bound', 'we', 'obtain', 'from', 'these', 'current', 'observations', 'constraints', 'on', 'the', 'tensor', 'spectral', 'index', 'of', 'n_t', 'lesssim', '079', 'n_t', 'lesssim', '053', 'and', 'n_t', 'lesssim', '015', 'respectively']] | [-0.1761204651924239, 0.20001883708628332, -0.012867657101523239, 0.06490330549987774, -0.1108285017600916, -0.09170990200369682, 0.007196064532092474, 0.30475729077294905, -0.18876006231344875, -0.3255104853147731, 0.1082889747877099, -0.3029003306789306, -0.05846598803165179, 0.18505069842896632, 0.058008188087927195, -0.010098778281035354, 0.032365487836464084, 0.001766491066483618, -0.06856709400426994, -0.17309494090175542, 0.2758368395938023, 0.1632191306296555, 0.23976715134730273, 0.042879424450661334, 0.04821297444981858, -0.0748020887365836, -0.10363569258920198, -0.03723488144974396, -0.23577542150465464, 0.032164879769394264, 0.13414033431586928, 0.18591848983727757, 0.11069188422062298, -0.4221125127006214, -0.21394976086516693, 0.1315294980406038, 0.1262687150461292, 0.0375780009967501, -0.009811664206988532, -0.3065500504979231, 0.09762365506618347, -0.20571055713570813, -0.072908493066297, 0.025268792439234054, -0.003225091166649629, -0.02767432413687839, -0.30578771519284803, 0.14497953774497926, -0.03550543049938109, -0.001812952546034352, -0.11761164353726414, -0.15888219734979342, -0.042251929572955205, -0.0031862826791854157, 0.07704293631464786, 0.039814777798878334, 0.14069641773471409, -0.13406959816234784, -0.023101858651147958, 0.3700251216159284, -0.18787444911861015, -0.10232290697003742, 0.06614969817817537, -0.20692189017907509, -0.1808938371007403, 0.06349806625450265, 0.14974789479204897, 0.0754285764708681, -0.058183459090340194, 0.12114030014988017, 0.03749354263271422, 0.2567399961385623, 0.11966792422174974, 0.06609766371548176, 0.3795985000623951, 0.08702809613218386, 0.06665506137837882, 0.06782914215282908, -0.18565967718582346, 0.011640378957257145, -0.2941027701588221, -0.0014696953218041476, -0.21171924635401737, 0.14172101663781592, -0.2170550556093606, -0.12690509157594365, 0.361263853841398, 0.13166571605625083, 0.20102587813292222, 0.12333573077497914, 0.34825363312621865, 0.1300159360630239, 0.00038493494729249225, 0.06904599170914842, 0.3279654386100694, 0.20522973732118613, 0.10750899776291933, -0.20302377087832654, -0.027997090879068213, -0.008795503951898478] |
711.4603 | A Note on Quantum Hamming Bound | Proving the quantum Hamming bound for degenerate nonbinary stabilizer codes
has been an open problem for a decade. In this note, I prove this bound for
double error-correcting degenerate stabilizer codes. Also, I compute the
maximum length of single and double error-correcting MDS stabilizer codes over
finite fields.
| quant-ph cs.IT math.IT | proving the quantum hamming bound for degenerate nonbinary stabilizer codes has been an open problem for a decade in this note i prove this bound for double errorcorrecting degenerate stabilizer codes also i compute the maximum length of single and double errorcorrecting mds stabilizer codes over finite fields | [['proving', 'the', 'quantum', 'hamming', 'bound', 'for', 'degenerate', 'nonbinary', 'stabilizer', 'codes', 'has', 'been', 'an', 'open', 'problem', 'for', 'a', 'decade', 'in', 'this', 'note', 'i', 'prove', 'this', 'bound', 'for', 'double', 'errorcorrecting', 'degenerate', 'stabilizer', 'codes', 'also', 'i', 'compute', 'the', 'maximum', 'length', 'of', 'single', 'and', 'double', 'errorcorrecting', 'mds', 'stabilizer', 'codes', 'over', 'finite', 'fields']] | [-0.20229692700862265, 0.14463431792955816, -0.062155911912365504, 0.12002893081807997, 0.05688653845572844, -0.3431566995859612, 0.04955398444144521, 0.30478733172640204, -0.40087681512037915, -0.21507905699157467, 0.08177554014400812, -0.2555939240070681, -0.08701679006723377, 0.24205278960289434, -0.1584449222039742, 0.1725222981379678, 0.14921182091347873, 0.07898451065799843, -0.2165896103348738, -0.41961986016637337, 0.32828130495424074, 0.13594961269942965, 0.23410435154801235, 0.050544210437995694, 0.05672861908290846, 0.01701631146715954, 0.030656571344782908, -0.09197213241714053, -0.23502056335079638, 0.10028609194705496, 0.3171770525320123, 0.14977961626330702, 0.19338088746493062, -0.28998612059513107, -0.24797724379459396, 0.1301700099526594, 0.19285514503280865, 0.28165864321636036, -0.06641539103293326, -0.159509085448614, 0.14950218558078632, -0.2500709660040836, -0.028231862156341474, 0.05545574698286752, 0.0645521997648757, -0.0654800347207735, -0.25397456805997837, -0.0950623397226688, 0.11238624079123838, 0.1168354331360509, 0.010921773384325206, -0.1622594389676427, 0.11726155735474701, 0.06773536934633739, -0.11643308975423376, 0.055157073152561985, -0.024638716791135568, -0.041583797545172274, -0.19853851020646593, 0.2852171496488154, -0.03338421163304398, -0.1952386043170312, 0.009418234132075062, -0.04551718725512425, -0.1831408107294313, 0.08019566759079073, 0.17682646803829508, 0.14262174459872767, -0.05450709612341598, 0.21377460006503193, -0.12028528769345333, 0.11539234636923841, 0.11570196414443974, 0.19455343865168592, 0.17932915419805795, 0.03919835339183919, 0.10186198082131644, 0.22816162000526674, -0.0793812646297738, -0.0913675285410136, -0.30544743632587296, -0.19522896468940112, -0.20014604144186401, 0.11641144966900659, -0.09112392077774227, -0.2740860873600468, 0.3969361054090162, 0.03816157298084969, 0.03379340534047515, 0.11186848860234022, 0.2120636347681284, 0.018068779124102246, 0.1130624256717662, 0.26002188242758467, 0.18972332391422242, 0.2906267090705417, -0.164505593762442, -0.19928149064071476, 0.011086686853862679, 0.13254194285642976] |
711.4604 | Optical emission line properties of Narrow Line Seyfert 1s and
comparison AGN | Based on a new spectroscopic sample observed using the WHT, we examine the
kinematic properties of the various emission line regions in narrow line
Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) by modelling their profiles using multiple component
fits. We interpret these results by comparison with velocity components
observed for different lines species covered in the same spectrum, and
equivalent components measured in the spectra of some broad line Seyfert 1s and
a representative Seyfert 2 galaxy. We find that the fits to the Halpha and
Hbeta line profiles in NLS1s require an additional broad (~3000km/s) component
that might correspond to a suppressed broad line region with similar kinematics
to those of typical broad line Seyfert 1s. From the profiles of the forbidden
high ionisation lines (FHILs) in NLS1s, we find evidence that they appear to
trace an `intermediate' velocity region with kinematics between the standard
broad and narrow line regions. Weaker evidence of this region is also present
in the profiles of the permitted Balmer lines. Finally, we note that despite
having similar ionisation potentials, the relative intensities of the highly
ionised lines of [Fe X]6374 and [FeXI]7892 show considerable dispersion from
one galaxy to another. The interpretation of this requires further modelling,
but suggests the possibility of using the ratio as a diagnostic to constrain
the physical conditions of the FHIL emitting region and possibly the shape of
the spectral energy distribution in the vicinity of 200eV. This spectral region
is very difficult to observe directly due to photoelectric absorption both in
our Galaxy and intrinsic to the source.
| astro-ph | based on a new spectroscopic sample observed using the wht we examine the kinematic properties of the various emission line regions in narrow line seyfert 1 galaxies nls1s by modelling their profiles using multiple component fits we interpret these results by comparison with velocity components observed for different lines species covered in the same spectrum and equivalent components measured in the spectra of some broad line seyfert 1s and a representative seyfert 2 galaxy we find that the fits to the halpha and hbeta line profiles in nls1s require an additional broad 3000kms component that might correspond to a suppressed broad line region with similar kinematics to those of typical broad line seyfert 1s from the profiles of the forbidden high ionisation lines fhils in nls1s we find evidence that they appear to trace an intermediate velocity region with kinematics between the standard broad and narrow line regions weaker evidence of this region is also present in the profiles of the permitted balmer lines finally we note that despite having similar ionisation potentials the relative intensities of the highly ionised lines of fe x6374 and fexi7892 show considerable dispersion from one galaxy to another the interpretation of this requires further modelling but suggests the possibility of using the ratio as a diagnostic to constrain the physical conditions of the fhil emitting region and possibly the shape of the spectral energy distribution in the vicinity of 200ev this spectral region is very difficult to observe directly due to photoelectric absorption both in our galaxy and intrinsic to the source | [['based', 'on', 'a', 'new', 'spectroscopic', 'sample', 'observed', 'using', 'the', 'wht', 'we', 'examine', 'the', 'kinematic', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'various', 'emission', 'line', 'regions', 'in', 'narrow', 'line', 'seyfert', '1', 'galaxies', 'nls1s', 'by', 'modelling', 'their', 'profiles', 'using', 'multiple', 'component', 'fits', 'we', 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'and', 'narrow', 'line', 'regions', 'weaker', 'evidence', 'of', 'this', 'region', 'is', 'also', 'present', 'in', 'the', 'profiles', 'of', 'the', 'permitted', 'balmer', 'lines', 'finally', 'we', 'note', 'that', 'despite', 'having', 'similar', 'ionisation', 'potentials', 'the', 'relative', 'intensities', 'of', 'the', 'highly', 'ionised', 'lines', 'of', 'fe', 'x6374', 'and', 'fexi7892', 'show', 'considerable', 'dispersion', 'from', 'one', 'galaxy', 'to', 'another', 'the', 'interpretation', 'of', 'this', 'requires', 'further', 'modelling', 'but', 'suggests', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'using', 'the', 'ratio', 'as', 'a', 'diagnostic', 'to', 'constrain', 'the', 'physical', 'conditions', 'of', 'the', 'fhil', 'emitting', 'region', 'and', 'possibly', 'the', 'shape', 'of', 'the', 'spectral', 'energy', 'distribution', 'in', 'the', 'vicinity', 'of', '200ev', 'this', 'spectral', 'region', 'is', 'very', 'difficult', 'to', 'observe', 'directly', 'due', 'to', 'photoelectric', 'absorption', 'both', 'in', 'our', 'galaxy', 'and', 'intrinsic', 'to', 'the', 'source']] | [-0.03296934844335316, 0.019733582503830015, -0.02601843369320209, 0.0913409228986564, -0.051950785004378004, -0.12493964441388787, 0.03474871499703088, 0.487560242588418, -0.1590321880877598, -0.31623103324838475, 0.019629092589890446, -0.2726628959708003, -0.004927970822320722, 0.1753285290122554, -0.0030357906952045554, -0.038362865477568446, 0.0025046609141882, -0.10126459901492883, -0.05088545373733362, -0.14957406797812317, 0.349295179355991, 0.06205636891174032, 0.22728785173061525, 0.036300238025291365, 0.014328921304341652, -0.08071337296543209, -0.07470366143320727, 0.03524208317985505, -0.12467481104481752, 0.11319779736942934, 0.24882224966510985, 0.13905826608509056, 0.20521636770726526, -0.32563036837311465, -0.21505020125402166, 0.07812560255336212, 0.21906063737662995, 0.048175341165207816, -0.0157315659618498, -0.2798994632115305, 0.038253821451502315, -0.12782185550068834, -0.18228093957608196, 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711.4605 | The Properties of Dense Molecular Gas in the Milky Way and Galaxies | We review the evidence for a constant star formation rate per unit mass in
dense molecular gas in the Milky Way and the extragalactic correlations of L_IR
with L' from observations of dense molecular gas. We discuss the connection
between the constant SFR/M interpretation in dense gas and the global
Schmidt-Kennicutt star formation law.
| astro-ph | we review the evidence for a constant star formation rate per unit mass in dense molecular gas in the milky way and the extragalactic correlations of l_ir with l from observations of dense molecular gas we discuss the connection between the constant sfrm interpretation in dense gas and the global schmidtkennicutt star formation law | [['we', 'review', 'the', 'evidence', 'for', 'a', 'constant', 'star', 'formation', 'rate', 'per', 'unit', 'mass', 'in', 'dense', 'molecular', 'gas', 'in', 'the', 'milky', 'way', 'and', 'the', 'extragalactic', 'correlations', 'of', 'l_ir', 'with', 'l', 'from', 'observations', 'of', 'dense', 'molecular', 'gas', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'connection', 'between', 'the', 'constant', 'sfrm', 'interpretation', 'in', 'dense', 'gas', 'and', 'the', 'global', 'schmidtkennicutt', 'star', 'formation', 'law']] | [-0.12258779917546134, 0.07107029565506512, -0.02811091156952359, 0.0912283359233428, -0.028891464264166576, 0.031951274214036485, 0.11063787737792288, 0.4294350174152189, -0.20585770568706924, -0.2994490723358467, -0.005063035238654939, -0.26163267911653276, -0.04729426900545756, 0.12828688202770772, 0.03373345513655632, -0.02229739716966395, 0.010141746934365344, -0.07990763784834633, -0.08897406006818293, -0.24048114597314485, 0.31044865854049997, 0.07663861003324941, 0.16393554553010123, 0.04905064842077317, 0.07561827413047906, -0.1295368228349145, -0.10616342929467835, -0.09356676169705612, -0.266585918540066, 0.0781167472747189, 0.1934942384250462, 0.13878603100224776, 0.20211941988586826, -0.411764741771751, -0.2169407644369467, 0.07718060432967765, 0.1886692017023624, 0.017990386665419297, -0.1267600091415699, -0.1918904262215451, 0.005224955337191069, -0.2119589320866874, -0.17955111657027845, 0.0730116154084465, 0.07018800514439742, 0.08619023106250635, -0.2146769390027556, 0.24713159090390913, 0.019720880866602616, 0.05996539667938595, -0.12522910254214098, -0.011305167356988898, -0.0363054524037849, 0.08078715902822162, -0.03653757255826214, 0.15109355206152908, 0.24852691671845537, -0.20712744105279585, 0.02719541359692812, 0.42515002846441885, -0.13299157235047054, -0.03330920188239327, 0.26730985325519685, -0.27992820067124236, -0.23511382681317627, 0.10444516343650995, 0.12558074740486014, 0.037731887603041726, -0.14961171484793778, 0.020526776571016484, -0.08614087773969879, 0.19091144417998968, 0.05414192999402682, 0.09701530178750141, 0.38857157342135906, 0.14051990187511332, 0.048833665118932175, 0.08258055733447825, -0.16912016300247396, -0.14303225847995943, -0.25617547257354967, -0.16893508649189715, -0.14022682714965884, 0.11640860761205356, -0.16014060001180042, -0.02792154700943717, 0.2379481003585237, 0.04820615844801068, 0.2976548816594813, 0.06495780959138991, 0.33729673528836834, 0.0377284326866545, 0.08984643787456055, 0.16192943625221098, 0.22466334321156697, 0.23784317541867495, 0.05988643473635117, -0.30632926338714445, 0.05008648566177322, 0.051362399443018215] |
711.4606 | Physics in Carnacki's investigations | In the stories of Carnacki, created by the English writer William H. Hodgson
and written between 1910 and 1912, we find an interesting mixture of science
and fantasy. In spite of the fact that Carnacki is a ghost finder, who
investigates in an environment where supernatural is acting, we see the
character using technology and sometimes discussing of physics phenomena such
as X-rays. The Carnacki's stories can be seen as mirrors of the physics and
technology knowledge at the beginning of Twentieth Century, in the society
outside scientific circles.
| physics.pop-ph | in the stories of carnacki created by the english writer william h hodgson and written between 1910 and 1912 we find an interesting mixture of science and fantasy in spite of the fact that carnacki is a ghost finder who investigates in an environment where supernatural is acting we see the character using technology and sometimes discussing of physics phenomena such as xrays the carnackis stories can be seen as mirrors of the physics and technology knowledge at the beginning of twentieth century in the society outside scientific circles | [['in', 'the', 'stories', 'of', 'carnacki', 'created', 'by', 'the', 'english', 'writer', 'william', 'h', 'hodgson', 'and', 'written', 'between', '1910', 'and', '1912', 'we', 'find', 'an', 'interesting', 'mixture', 'of', 'science', 'and', 'fantasy', 'in', 'spite', 'of', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'carnacki', 'is', 'a', 'ghost', 'finder', 'who', 'investigates', 'in', 'an', 'environment', 'where', 'supernatural', 'is', 'acting', 'we', 'see', 'the', 'character', 'using', 'technology', 'and', 'sometimes', 'discussing', 'of', 'physics', 'phenomena', 'such', 'as', 'xrays', 'the', 'carnackis', 'stories', 'can', 'be', 'seen', 'as', 'mirrors', 'of', 'the', 'physics', 'and', 'technology', 'knowledge', 'at', 'the', 'beginning', 'of', 'twentieth', 'century', 'in', 'the', 'society', 'outside', 'scientific', 'circles']] | [-0.06104688562972601, 0.13685329083852785, -0.10578819141225067, 0.07268569979757114, -0.11501047276718498, -0.08605380752665359, 0.0033930250454347493, 0.3474960153987415, -0.24967945945384198, -0.3714761116303677, 0.09527986973177555, -0.30762063309571946, -0.17855014213967288, 0.22304467424252178, -0.13341445644212843, -0.07923746828076451, 0.05909097116700439, 0.05456400838095781, 0.014374825353517608, -0.2828912061617471, 0.271950107869194, 0.08759490918194832, 0.24058780139095562, 0.06954901338403308, 0.10696326108476104, 0.013902275246394756, -0.0729738411190378, -0.04301346970186027, -0.09038760362852562, 0.08363137175369639, 0.3267678527762507, 0.2114870880817085, 0.34014338839171065, -0.4007725406784651, -0.13117837573423288, 0.048776502087495704, 0.11000018585798178, 0.06524676772181032, -0.03478849413371537, -0.35319978278130293, -0.030009619009052944, -0.18024634596956676, -0.14173380971539679, 0.020092963392651358, 0.05663891913109394, -0.01589973069467517, -0.141446401614176, 0.01647075167911257, 0.06973608048242885, 0.14093281752105022, -0.0028553743749250506, -0.11265491580503971, 0.0027577720181799904, 0.1692431182194458, 0.05665033344764176, 0.020021457284645633, 0.10168547849279157, -0.2137893469419417, -0.14069543217395453, 0.4278905404688314, -0.06566797352807466, -0.0516564488779147, 0.17382530187429904, -0.16884980857410187, -0.10671982249288364, 0.04258125370671583, 0.15313802283733738, 0.06246132678677176, -0.1301917929559686, 0.11112913186323482, -0.039426267953849466, 0.14587534917044714, 0.1538546392477529, -0.018193611436588472, 0.2627147112020053, 0.14434541049305089, -0.031040600804222183, 0.09596248023850887, -0.03700392268437162, -0.09421531448877135, -0.28258969109278, -0.20196678617774227, -0.1855350978033574, 0.04812843004934663, 0.029082419833494622, -0.14083120321075238, 0.3532965063269055, 0.12196129772725493, 0.13630271743073366, -0.07457723636396749, 0.22155364221611687, 0.024559364375268476, 0.059168086305997056, 0.08365566601846801, 0.2525090330691878, 0.06676692679134566, 0.17656030871927045, -0.07567669956966541, 0.0705522533376203, 0.04927504948491967] |
711.4607 | Nuclear deformation effect on the binding energies in heavy ions | Nuclear deformation effects on the binding energies in heavy ions are
investigated. Approximate formulas for the nuclear-size correction and the
isotope shift for deformed nuclei are derived. Combined with direct numerical
evaluations, these formulas are employed to reanalyse experimental data on the
nuclear-charge-distribution parameters in $^{238}\textrm{U}$ and to revise the
nuclear-size corrections to the binding energies in H- and Li-like
$^{238}\textrm{U}$. As a result, the theoretical uncertainties for the
ground-state Lamb shift in $^{238}\textrm{U}^{91+}$ and for the $2p_{1/2}-2s$
transition energy in $^{238}\textrm{U}^{89+}$ are significantly reduced. The
isotope shift of the $2p_{j}-2s$ transition energies for
$^{142}\textrm{Nd}^{57+}$ and $^{150}\textrm{Nd}^{57+}$ is also evaluated
including nuclear size and nuclear recoil effects within a full QED treatment.
| physics.atom-ph | nuclear deformation effects on the binding energies in heavy ions are investigated approximate formulas for the nuclearsize correction and the isotope shift for deformed nuclei are derived combined with direct numerical evaluations these formulas are employed to reanalyse experimental data on the nuclearchargedistribution parameters in 238textrmu and to revise the nuclearsize corrections to the binding energies in h and lilike 238textrmu as a result the theoretical uncertainties for the groundstate lamb shift in 238textrmu91 and for the 2p_122s transition energy in 238textrmu89 are significantly reduced the isotope shift of the 2p_j2s transition energies for 142textrmnd57 and 150textrmnd57 is also evaluated including nuclear size and nuclear recoil effects within a full qed treatment | [['nuclear', 'deformation', 'effects', 'on', 'the', 'binding', 'energies', 'in', 'heavy', 'ions', 'are', 'investigated', 'approximate', 'formulas', 'for', 'the', 'nuclearsize', 'correction', 'and', 'the', 'isotope', 'shift', 'for', 'deformed', 'nuclei', 'are', 'derived', 'combined', 'with', 'direct', 'numerical', 'evaluations', 'these', 'formulas', 'are', 'employed', 'to', 'reanalyse', 'experimental', 'data', 'on', 'the', 'nuclearchargedistribution', 'parameters', 'in', '238textrmu', 'and', 'to', 'revise', 'the', 'nuclearsize', 'corrections', 'to', 'the', 'binding', 'energies', 'in', 'h', 'and', 'lilike', '238textrmu', 'as', 'a', 'result', 'the', 'theoretical', 'uncertainties', 'for', 'the', 'groundstate', 'lamb', 'shift', 'in', '238textrmu91', 'and', 'for', 'the', '2p_122s', 'transition', 'energy', 'in', '238textrmu89', 'are', 'significantly', 'reduced', 'the', 'isotope', 'shift', 'of', 'the', '2p_j2s', 'transition', 'energies', 'for', '142textrmnd57', 'and', '150textrmnd57', 'is', 'also', 'evaluated', 'including', 'nuclear', 'size', 'and', 'nuclear', 'recoil', 'effects', 'within', 'a', 'full', 'qed', 'treatment']] | [0.0016631248584460644, 0.18796871535125234, -0.0155488861769083, 0.1303281875881588, 0.013979816616379788, -0.07199119504186369, 0.07104996231695017, 0.39472422177592914, -0.18146383531302923, -0.2930009001422496, 0.014316904410675523, -0.32962178579043777, 0.015187042457095923, 0.20359741719883112, 0.03460422078940263, 0.052287851819502455, 0.07172276038632151, 0.05611285706095043, -0.12978854374516577, -0.11913721552673018, 0.29331809966462885, 0.11459140391754252, 0.21575245131694135, 0.15671651961193198, 0.007547492974082984, -0.006273275667003223, 0.0037582347125169778, 0.011168522439159763, -0.17111874861376627, 0.11244039231733907, 0.2519475294897954, 0.02846519261421192, 0.1599020447626355, -0.40444520394362155, -0.17849503823866447, 0.050724182570619246, 0.10397693388873623, 0.20386898238655357, -0.09543096784369222, -0.2830670649474043, 0.001381015174445652, -0.20293769459461883, -0.1030027804674492, -0.12419330353538195, 0.06359674422779964, 0.051374679808283134, -0.28439934023079416, 0.0922101897872164, -0.02654128786442535, 0.040341822448230924, -0.1301008939743042, -0.23806458053933013, -0.00873898213197078, 0.10724120599528154, 0.04534354965158162, -0.007341849905926557, 0.17931219625087189, -0.0881770166435412, -0.0870311968582904, 0.44792437567597343, -0.034530326147519406, -0.14741120593001444, 0.08316243751018884, -0.1554970345238135, -0.15581588341544073, 0.1799981749927004, 0.1580004059487865, 0.08790019202001748, -0.10820649589988447, 0.08134921504118081, 0.07319611770411333, 0.15224046941314426, 0.058361588065911615, 0.045379600749306734, 0.09243836805579209, 0.1084392371698327, -0.02035347701360782, 0.07517431114046347, -0.12345118953269862, -0.12107110235707036, -0.31206542987908636, -0.10270899906754494, -0.1297619508934163, 0.0032879459849070934, -0.04006471986704994, -0.12802522180247164, 0.3577613525358694, 0.09382867710221382, 0.19737399344421214, 0.00440242610694397, 0.2842610793365609, 0.1339051454361262, 0.09170964457859684, 1.064138486981392e-05, 0.32738696067106154, 0.19047801771334238, 0.03900669085394059, -0.3505043616828819, 0.05036620842292905, 0.0658097780974848] |
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