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706.4114
Searches for New Physics at HERA
The high energy programme of the HERA collider ended in March 2007. During the whole HERA programme, a combined total integrated luminosity of 1 fb$^{-1}$ was collected by the H1 and ZEUS experiments. In this context, an overview of the most recent results of both experiments concerning searches for new physics is presented. The topics covered are searches for contact interactions, leptoquarks and excited leptons, as well as studies of the isolated lepton and multi-lepton topologies, and a general signature based search.
hep-ex
the high energy programme of the hera collider ended in march 2007 during the whole hera programme a combined total integrated luminosity of 1 fb1 was collected by the h1 and zeus experiments in this context an overview of the most recent results of both experiments concerning searches for new physics is presented the topics covered are searches for contact interactions leptoquarks and excited leptons as well as studies of the isolated lepton and multilepton topologies and a general signature based search
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706.4115
TMC-1C: an accreting starless core
We have mapped the starless core TMC-1C in a variety of molecular lines with the IRAM 30m telescope. High density tracers show clear signs of self-absorption and sub-sonic infall asymmetries are present in N2H+ (1-0) and DCO+ (2-1) lines. The inward velocity profile in N2H+ (1-0) is extended over a region of about 7,000 AU in radius around the dust continuum peak, which is the most extended ``infalling'' region observed in a starless core with this tracer. The kinetic temperature (~12 K) measured from C17O and C18O suggests that their emission comes from a shell outside the colder interior traced by the mm continuum dust. The C18O (2-1) excitation temperature drops from 12 K to ~10 K away from the center. This is consistent with a volume density drop of the gas traced by the C18O lines, from ~4x10^4 cm^-3 towards the dust peak to ~6x10^3 cm^-3 at a projected distance from the dust peak of 80" (or 11,000 AU). The column density implied by the gas and dust show similar N2H+ and CO depletion factors (f_D < 6). This can be explained with a simple scenario in which: (i) the TMC-1C core is embedded in a relatively dense environment (H2 ~10^4 cm^-3), where CO is mostly in the gas phase and the N2H+ abundance had time to reach equilibrium values; (ii) the surrounding material (rich in CO and N2H+) is accreting onto the dense core nucleus; (iii) TMC-1C is older than 3x10^5 yr, to account for the observed abundance of N2H+ across the core (~10^-10 w.r.t. H2); and (iv) the core nucleus is either much younger (~10^4 yr) or ``undepleted'' material from the surrounding envelope has fallen towards it in the past 10,000 yr.
astro-ph
we have mapped the starless core tmc1c in a variety of molecular lines with the iram 30m telescope high density tracers show clear signs of selfabsorption and subsonic infall asymmetries are present in n2h 10 and dco 21 lines the inward velocity profile in n2h 10 is extended over a region of about 7000 au in radius around the dust continuum peak which is the most extended infalling region observed in a starless core with this tracer the kinetic temperature 12 k measured from c17o and c18o suggests that their emission comes from a shell outside the colder interior traced by the mm continuum dust the c18o 21 excitation temperature drops from 12 k to 10 k away from the center this is consistent with a volume density drop of the gas traced by the c18o lines from 4x104 cm3 towards the dust peak to 6x103 cm3 at a projected distance from the dust peak of 80 or 11000 au the column density implied by the gas and dust show similar n2h and co depletion factors f_d 6 this can be explained with a simple scenario in which i the tmc1c core is embedded in a relatively dense environment h2 104 cm3 where co is mostly in the gas phase and the n2h abundance had time to reach equilibrium values ii the surrounding material rich in co and n2h is accreting onto the dense core nucleus iii tmc1c is older than 3x105 yr to account for the observed abundance of n2h across the core 1010 wrt h2 and iv the core nucleus is either much younger 104 yr or undepleted material from the surrounding envelope has fallen towards it in the past 10000 yr
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706.4116
Star Formation in Molecular Clouds?
Using studies of nearby star formation with Spitzer, I will argue that star formation is restricted to dense cores within molecular clouds. The nature of these dense cores and their connection to star formation will be discussed. Their distribution over masses and over the cloud is similar to that of stars, and their efficiency of forming stars is much higher than that of the whole cloud. Moving to regions forming more massive stars, we find that the mass distribution of the dense clumps is similar to that of OB associations. The infrared luminosity per unit mass of dense gas is high and comparable to that seen in starburst galaxies. The relation between star formation and dense gas appears to be linear. Understanding the Kennicutt-Schmidt law requires an understanding of what controls the conversion of gas into the dense entities where stars actually form.
astro-ph
using studies of nearby star formation with spitzer i will argue that star formation is restricted to dense cores within molecular clouds the nature of these dense cores and their connection to star formation will be discussed their distribution over masses and over the cloud is similar to that of stars and their efficiency of forming stars is much higher than that of the whole cloud moving to regions forming more massive stars we find that the mass distribution of the dense clumps is similar to that of ob associations the infrared luminosity per unit mass of dense gas is high and comparable to that seen in starburst galaxies the relation between star formation and dense gas appears to be linear understanding the kennicuttschmidt law requires an understanding of what controls the conversion of gas into the dense entities where stars actually form
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706.4117
Vector-Boson Production of Light Higgs Pairs in 2-Higgs Doublet Models
At the Large Hadron Collider, we prove the feasibility to detect pair production of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson $h$ of Type II 2-Higgs Doublet Models through $q q^{(')}\to q q^{(')} {hh}$ (vector-boson fusion). We also show that, through the $hh\to 4b$ decay channel in presence of heavy-flavour tagging, further exploiting forward/backward jet sampling, one has direct access to the $\lambda_{Hhh}$ triple Higgs coupling -- which constrains the form of the Higgs potential.
hep-ph
at the large hadron collider we prove the feasibility to detect pair production of the lightest cpeven higgs boson h of type ii 2higgs doublet models through q qto q q hh vectorboson fusion we also show that through the hhto 4b decay channel in presence of heavyflavour tagging further exploiting forwardbackward jet sampling one has direct access to the lambda_hhh triple higgs coupling which constrains the form of the higgs potential
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706.4118
Nonlinear Schrodinger-Helmholtz Equation as Numerical Regularization of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation
A regularized $\alpha-$system of the Nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger Equation (NLS) with $2\sigma$ nonlinear power in dimension $N$ is studied. We prove existence and uniqueness of local solution in the case $1 \le \sigma <\frac{4}{N-2}$ and existence and uniqueness of global solution in the case $1 \le \sigma < \frac{4}{N}$. When $\alpha \to 0^+$, this regularized system will converge to the classical NLS in the appropriate range. In particular, the purpose of this numerical regularization is to shed light on the profile of the blow up solutions of the original Nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger Equation in the range $\frac{2}{N}\le \sigma <\frac{4}{N}$, and in particular for the critical case $\sigma = \frac{2}{N}$.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
a regularized alphasystem of the nonlinear schrodinger equation nls with 2sigma nonlinear power in dimension n is studied we prove existence and uniqueness of local solution in the case 1 le sigma frac4n2 and existence and uniqueness of global solution in the case 1 le sigma frac4n when alpha to 0 this regularized system will converge to the classical nls in the appropriate range in particular the purpose of this numerical regularization is to shed light on the profile of the blow up solutions of the original nonlinear schrodinger equation in the range frac2nle sigma frac4n and in particular for the critical case sigma frac2n
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706.4119
Relating multichannel scattering and production amplitudes in a microscopic OZI-based model
Relations between scattering and production amplitudes are studied in a microscopic multichannel model for meson-meson scattering, with coupling to confined quark-antiquark channels. Overlapping resonances and a proper threshold behaviour are treated exactly in the model. Under the spectator assumption, it is found that the two-particle production amplitude shares a common denominator with the elastic scattering amplitude, besides a numerator consisting of a linear combination of all elastic and some inelastic matrix elements. The coefficients in these linear combinations are shown to be generally complex. Finally, the standard operator expressions relating production and scattering amplitudes, viz. A=T/V and Im(A)=T*A, are fulfilled, while in the small-coupling limit the usual isobar model is recovered.
hep-ph
relations between scattering and production amplitudes are studied in a microscopic multichannel model for mesonmeson scattering with coupling to confined quarkantiquark channels overlapping resonances and a proper threshold behaviour are treated exactly in the model under the spectator assumption it is found that the twoparticle production amplitude shares a common denominator with the elastic scattering amplitude besides a numerator consisting of a linear combination of all elastic and some inelastic matrix elements the coefficients in these linear combinations are shown to be generally complex finally the standard operator expressions relating production and scattering amplitudes viz atv and imata are fulfilled while in the smallcoupling limit the usual isobar model is recovered
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706.412
Optical 'Shorting Wires'
Connecting lumped circuit elements in a conventional circuit is usually accomplished by conducting wires that act as conduits for the conduction currents with negligible potential drops. More challenging, however, is to extend these concepts to optical nanocircuit elements. Here, following our recent development of optical lumped circuit elements, we show how a special class of nanowaveguides formed by a thin core with relatively large (positive or negative) permittivity surrounded by a thin concentric shell with low permittivity may provide the required analogy to 'wires' for optical nano-circuits.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
connecting lumped circuit elements in a conventional circuit is usually accomplished by conducting wires that act as conduits for the conduction currents with negligible potential drops more challenging however is to extend these concepts to optical nanocircuit elements here following our recent development of optical lumped circuit elements we show how a special class of nanowaveguides formed by a thin core with relatively large positive or negative permittivity surrounded by a thin concentric shell with low permittivity may provide the required analogy to wires for optical nanocircuits
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706.4121
Analytic Bethe Ansatz and Baxter equations for long-range psl(2|2) spin chain
We study the largest particle-number-preserving sector of the dilatation operator in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory. After exploring one-loop Bethe Ansatze for the underlying spin chain with psl(2|2) symmetry for simple root systems related to several Kac-Dynkin diagrams, we use the analytic Bethe Anzats to construct eigenvalues of transfer matrices with finite-dimensional atypical representations in the auxiliary space. We derive closed Baxter equations for eigenvalues of nested Baxter operators. We extend these considerations for a non-distinguished root system with FBBF grading to all orders of perturbation theory in 't Hooft coupling. We construct generating functions for all transfer matrices with auxiliary space determined by Young supertableaux (1^a) and (s) and find determinant formulas for transfer matrices with auxiliary spaces corresponding to skew Young supertableaux. The latter yields fusion relations for transfer matrices with auxiliary space corresponding to representations labelled by square Young supertableaux. We derive asymptotic Baxter equations which determine spectra of anomalous dimensions of composite Wilson operators in noncompact psl(2|2) subsector of N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory.
hep-th
we study the largest particlenumberpreserving sector of the dilatation operator in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory after exploring oneloop bethe ansatze for the underlying spin chain with psl22 symmetry for simple root systems related to several kacdynkin diagrams we use the analytic bethe anzats to construct eigenvalues of transfer matrices with finitedimensional atypical representations in the auxiliary space we derive closed baxter equations for eigenvalues of nested baxter operators we extend these considerations for a nondistinguished root system with fbbf grading to all orders of perturbation theory in t hooft coupling we construct generating functions for all transfer matrices with auxiliary space determined by young supertableaux 1a and s and find determinant formulas for transfer matrices with auxiliary spaces corresponding to skew young supertableaux the latter yields fusion relations for transfer matrices with auxiliary space corresponding to representations labelled by square young supertableaux we derive asymptotic baxter equations which determine spectra of anomalous dimensions of composite wilson operators in noncompact psl22 subsector of n4 superyangmills theory
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706.4122
Magnetic Energy and Helicity Budgets in the Active-Region Solar Corona. I. Linear Force-Free Approximation
We self-consistently derive the magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets of a three-dimensional linear force-free magnetic structure rooted in a lower boundary plane. For the potential magnetic energy we derive a general expression that gives results practically equivalent to those of the magnetic Virial theorem. All magnetic energy and helicity budgets are formulated in terms of surface integrals applied to the lower boundary, thus avoiding computationally intensive three-dimensional magnetic field extrapolations. We analytically and numerically connect our derivations with classical expressions for the magnetic energy and helicity, thus presenting a so-far lacking unified treatment of the energy/helicity budgets in the constant-alpha approximation. Applying our derivations to photospheric vector magnetograms of an eruptive and a noneruptive solar active regions, we find that the most profound quantitative difference between these regions lies in the estimated free magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets. If this result is verified with a large number of active regions, it will advance our understanding of solar eruptive phenomena. We also find that the constant-alpha approximation gives rise to large uncertainties in the calculation of the free magnetic energy and the relative magnetic helicity. Therefore, care must be exercised when this approximation is applied to photospheric magnetic field observations. Despite its shortcomings, the constant-alpha approximation is adopted here because this study will form the basis of a comprehensive nonlinear force-free description of the energetics and helicity in the active-region solar corona, which is our ultimate objective.
astro-ph
we selfconsistently derive the magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets of a threedimensional linear forcefree magnetic structure rooted in a lower boundary plane for the potential magnetic energy we derive a general expression that gives results practically equivalent to those of the magnetic virial theorem all magnetic energy and helicity budgets are formulated in terms of surface integrals applied to the lower boundary thus avoiding computationally intensive threedimensional magnetic field extrapolations we analytically and numerically connect our derivations with classical expressions for the magnetic energy and helicity thus presenting a sofar lacking unified treatment of the energyhelicity budgets in the constantalpha approximation applying our derivations to photospheric vector magnetograms of an eruptive and a noneruptive solar active regions we find that the most profound quantitative difference between these regions lies in the estimated free magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets if this result is verified with a large number of active regions it will advance our understanding of solar eruptive phenomena we also find that the constantalpha approximation gives rise to large uncertainties in the calculation of the free magnetic energy and the relative magnetic helicity therefore care must be exercised when this approximation is applied to photospheric magnetic field observations despite its shortcomings the constantalpha approximation is adopted here because this study will form the basis of a comprehensive nonlinear forcefree description of the energetics and helicity in the activeregion solar corona which is our ultimate objective
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706.4123
Level crossing in the three-body problem for strongly interacting fermions in a harmonic trap
We present a solution of the three-fermion problem in a harmonic potential across a Feshbach resonance. We compare the spectrum with that of the two-body problem and show that it is energetically unfavorable for the three fermions to occupy one lattice site rather than two. We also demonstrate the existence of an energy level crossing in the ground state with a symmetry change of its wave function, suggesting the possibility of a phase transition for the corresponding many-body case.
cond-mat.other
we present a solution of the threefermion problem in a harmonic potential across a feshbach resonance we compare the spectrum with that of the twobody problem and show that it is energetically unfavorable for the three fermions to occupy one lattice site rather than two we also demonstrate the existence of an energy level crossing in the ground state with a symmetry change of its wave function suggesting the possibility of a phase transition for the corresponding manybody case
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706.4124
On the origin of X-ray emission in some FR Is: ADAF or jet?
We investigate the X-ray origin in FR Is using the radio, submillimetre, optical, and {\em Chandra} X-ray data of a small sample consisting of eight FR I sources. These sources are very dim, with X-ray luminosities $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm Edd} \sim 10^{-4}-10^{-8}$ ($L_{\rm X}$ is the X-ray luminosity between 2-10 keV). We try to fit the multiwaveband spectrum using a coupled accretion-jet model. In this model, the accretion flow is described by an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) while in the innermost region of ADAF a fraction of accretion flow is transferred into the vertical direction and forms a jet. We find that X-ray emission in the source with the highest $L_{\rm X}$ ($\sim 1.8 \times 10^{-4}L_{\rm Edd}$) is from the ADAF. The results for the four sources with moderate $L_{\rm X}$ ($\sim$ several $\times 10^{-6}L_{\rm Edd}$) are complicated. Two are mainly from the ADAFs, one from the jet, and the other from the sum of the jet and ADAF. The X-ray emission in the three least luminous sources ($L_{\rm X} \lesssim 1.0\times 10^{-6}L_{\rm Edd}$) is dominated by the jet although for one source it can also be interpreted by the ADAF since the quality of X-ray data is low. We conclude that these results roughly support the predictions of Yuan & Cui (2005) where they predict that when the X-ray luminosity of the system is below a critical value, the X-radiation will not be dominated by the emission from the ADAF any longer, but by the jet. We also investigate the fuel supply in these sources. We find that the accretion rates in four sources among the five in which we can have good constraints to their accretion rates must be higher than the Bondi rates. This implies that other fuel supply, such as the gas released by the stellar population inside the Bondi radius, should be important.
astro-ph
we investigate the xray origin in fr is using the radio submillimetre optical and em chandra xray data of a small sample consisting of eight fr i sources these sources are very dim with xray luminosities l_rm xl_rm edd sim 104108 l_rm x is the xray luminosity between 210 kev we try to fit the multiwaveband spectrum using a coupled accretionjet model in this model the accretion flow is described by an advectiondominated accretion flow adaf while in the innermost region of adaf a fraction of accretion flow is transferred into the vertical direction and forms a jet we find that xray emission in the source with the highest l_rm x sim 18 times 104l_rm edd is from the adaf the results for the four sources with moderate l_rm x sim several times 106l_rm edd are complicated two are mainly from the adafs one from the jet and the other from the sum of the jet and adaf the xray emission in the three least luminous sources l_rm x lesssim 10times 106l_rm edd is dominated by the jet although for one source it can also be interpreted by the adaf since the quality of xray data is low we conclude that these results roughly support the predictions of yuan cui 2005 where they predict that when the xray luminosity of the system is below a critical value the xradiation will not be dominated by the emission from the adaf any longer but by the jet we also investigate the fuel supply in these sources we find that the accretion rates in four sources among the five in which we can have good constraints to their accretion rates must be higher than the bondi rates this implies that other fuel supply such as the gas released by the stellar population inside the bondi radius should be important
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706.4125
Numerical Simulation of an Electroweak Oscillon
Numerical simulations of the bosonic sector of the $SU(2)\times U(1)$ electroweak Standard Model in 3+1 dimensions have demonstrated the existence of an oscillon -- an extremely long-lived, localized, oscillatory solution to the equations of motion -- when the Higgs mass is equal to twice the $W^\pm$ boson mass. It contains total energy roughly 30 TeV localized in a region of radius 0.05 fm. A detailed description of these numerical results is presented.
hep-th hep-lat hep-ph nlin.AO
numerical simulations of the bosonic sector of the su2times u1 electroweak standard model in 31 dimensions have demonstrated the existence of an oscillon an extremely longlived localized oscillatory solution to the equations of motion when the higgs mass is equal to twice the wpm boson mass it contains total energy roughly 30 tev localized in a region of radius 005 fm a detailed description of these numerical results is presented
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706.4126
Current-voltage curves for molecular junctions: the effect of substituents
We present current-voltage (I-V) curves for phenylene ethynylene oligomers between two Au surfaces computed using a Density Functional Theory/Green's Function approach. In addition to the parent molecule, two different substituents are considered: one where all the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines and a second where one H is replaced by an NO2 group. In this way, we can study the difference between electron withdrawing and pi orbital effects. For low biases, a reduced current for the derived species is consistent with a shift of HOMO to lower energy due to the electron withdrawal by Cl or NO2. At higher biases, the LUMO becomes important, and the Cl and NO2 substituted species carry more current than the parent because the LUMO is stabilized (shifted to lower energy) due to the withdrawal of electrons by the Cl and NO2. In these molecules, the C2 bridging units as well as the thiol anchor group are shown to create bottlenecks to current flow.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we present currentvoltage iv curves for phenylene ethynylene oligomers between two au surfaces computed using a density functional theorygreens function approach in addition to the parent molecule two different substituents are considered one where all the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines and a second where one h is replaced by an no2 group in this way we can study the difference between electron withdrawing and pi orbital effects for low biases a reduced current for the derived species is consistent with a shift of homo to lower energy due to the electron withdrawal by cl or no2 at higher biases the lumo becomes important and the cl and no2 substituted species carry more current than the parent because the lumo is stabilized shifted to lower energy due to the withdrawal of electrons by the cl and no2 in these molecules the c2 bridging units as well as the thiol anchor group are shown to create bottlenecks to current flow
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706.4127
Semiclassical Density of States for the Quantum Asymmetric Top
In the quantization of a rotating rigid body, a {\it top,} one is concerned with the Hamiltonian operator $L_\alpha=\alpha_0^2 L_x^2 + \alpha_1^2 L_y^2 + \alpha_2^2 L_z^2,$ where $\alpha_0 < \alpha_1 <\alpha_2.$ An explicit formula is known for the eigenvalues of $L_\alpha$ in the case of the spherical top ($\alpha_1 = \alpha_2 = \alpha_3$) and symmetrical top ($\alpha_1 = \alpha_2 \neq \alpha_3$) \cite{LL}. However, for the asymmetrical top, no such explicit expression exists, and the study of the spectrum is much more complex. In this paper, we compute the semiclassical density of states for the eigenvalues of the family of operators $L_\alpha=\alpha_0^2 L_x^2 + \alpha_1^2 L_y^2 + \alpha_2^2 L_z^2$ for any $\alpha_0 < \alpha_1 <\alpha_2$.
math-ph math.MP
in the quantization of a rotating rigid body a it top one is concerned with the hamiltonian operator l_alphaalpha_02 l_x2 alpha_12 l_y2 alpha_22 l_z2 where alpha_0 alpha_1 alpha_2 an explicit formula is known for the eigenvalues of l_alpha in the case of the spherical top alpha_1 alpha_2 alpha_3 and symmetrical top alpha_1 alpha_2 neq alpha_3 citell however for the asymmetrical top no such explicit expression exists and the study of the spectrum is much more complex in this paper we compute the semiclassical density of states for the eigenvalues of the family of operators l_alphaalpha_02 l_x2 alpha_12 l_y2 alpha_22 l_z2 for any alpha_0 alpha_1 alpha_2
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706.4128
A review of wildland fire spread modelling, 1990-present 2: Empirical and quasi-empirical models
In recent years, advances in computational power and spatial data analysis (GIS, remote sensing, etc) have led to an increase in attempts to model the spread and behaviour of wildland fires across the landscape. This series of review papers endeavours to critically and comprehensively review all types of surface fire spread models developed since 1990. This paper reviews models of an empirical or quasi-empirical nature. These models are based solely on the statistical analysis of experimentally obtained data with or without some physical framework for the basis of the relations. Other papers in the series review models of a physical or quasi-physical nature, and mathematical analogues and simulation models. The main relations of empirical models are that of wind speed and fuel moisture content with rate of forward spread. Comparisons are made of the different functional relationships selected by various authors for these variables.
physics.geo-ph physics.ao-ph
in recent years advances in computational power and spatial data analysis gis remote sensing etc have led to an increase in attempts to model the spread and behaviour of wildland fires across the landscape this series of review papers endeavours to critically and comprehensively review all types of surface fire spread models developed since 1990 this paper reviews models of an empirical or quasiempirical nature these models are based solely on the statistical analysis of experimentally obtained data with or without some physical framework for the basis of the relations other papers in the series review models of a physical or quasiphysical nature and mathematical analogues and simulation models the main relations of empirical models are that of wind speed and fuel moisture content with rate of forward spread comparisons are made of the different functional relationships selected by various authors for these variables
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706.4129
Shape Coexistence and Mixing in 152Sm
Experimental studies of 152Sm using multiple-step Coulomb excitation and inelastic neutron scattering provide key data that clarify the low-energy collective structure of this nucleus. No candidates for two-phonon beta-vibrational states are found. Experimental level energies of the ground-state and first excited (0+ state) rotational bands, electric monopole transition rates, reduced quadrupole transition rates, and the isomer shift of the first excited 2+ state are all described within ~10% precision using two-band mixing calculations. The basic collective structure of 152Sm is described using strong mixing of near-degenerate coexisting quasi-rotational bands with different deformations.
nucl-ex
experimental studies of 152sm using multiplestep coulomb excitation and inelastic neutron scattering provide key data that clarify the lowenergy collective structure of this nucleus no candidates for twophonon betavibrational states are found experimental level energies of the groundstate and first excited 0 state rotational bands electric monopole transition rates reduced quadrupole transition rates and the isomer shift of the first excited 2 state are all described within 10 precision using twoband mixing calculations the basic collective structure of 152sm is described using strong mixing of neardegenerate coexisting quasirotational bands with different deformations
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706.413
A review of wildland fire spread modelling, 1990-present 3: Mathematical analogues and simulation models
In recent years, advances in computational power and spatial data analysis (GIS, remote sensing, etc) have led to an increase in attempts to model the spread and behvaiour of wildland fires across the landscape. This series of review papers endeavours to critically and comprehensively review all types of surface fire spread models developed since 1990. This paper reviews models of a simulation or mathematical analogue nature. Most simulation models are implementations of existing empirical or quasi-empirical models and their primary function is to convert these generally one dimensional models to two dimensions and then propagate a fire perimeter across a modelled landscape. Mathematical analogue models are those that are based on some mathematical conceit (rather than a physical representation of fire spread) that coincidentally simulates the spread of fire. Other papers in the series review models of an physical or quasi-physical nature and empirical or quasi-empirical nature. Many models are extensions or refinements of models developed before 1990. Where this is the case, these models are also discussed but much less comprehensively.
physics.geo-ph physics.ao-ph
in recent years advances in computational power and spatial data analysis gis remote sensing etc have led to an increase in attempts to model the spread and behvaiour of wildland fires across the landscape this series of review papers endeavours to critically and comprehensively review all types of surface fire spread models developed since 1990 this paper reviews models of a simulation or mathematical analogue nature most simulation models are implementations of existing empirical or quasiempirical models and their primary function is to convert these generally one dimensional models to two dimensions and then propagate a fire perimeter across a modelled landscape mathematical analogue models are those that are based on some mathematical conceit rather than a physical representation of fire spread that coincidentally simulates the spread of fire other papers in the series review models of an physical or quasiphysical nature and empirical or quasiempirical nature many models are extensions or refinements of models developed before 1990 where this is the case these models are also discussed but much less comprehensively
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706.4131
On some power sum problems of Montgomery and Turan
We use an estimate for character sums over finite fields of Katz to solve open problems of Montgomery and Turan. Let h=>2 be an integer. We prove that inf_{|z_k| => 1} max_{v=1,...,n^h} |sum_{k=1}^n z_k^v| <= (h-1+o(1)) sqrt n. This gives the right order of magnitude for the quantity and improves on a bound of Erdos-Renyi by a factor of the order sqrt log n.
math.NT
we use an estimate for character sums over finite fields of katz to solve open problems of montgomery and turan let h2 be an integer we prove that inf_z_k 1 max_v1nh sum_k1n z_kv h1o1 sqrt n this gives the right order of magnitude for the quantity and improves on a bound of erdosrenyi by a factor of the order sqrt log n
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706.4132
Using the Renormalization Group Functions to Uniquely Determine the Effective Potential in Massless Scalar Electrodynamics
It has been demonstrated that the effective potential V(\phi) in a massless O(N) \lambda \phi^4_4 model is determined completely by the renormalization group functions provided the renormalization condition \frac{d^4V}{d \phi^4}|_{\phi=\mu}=\lambda is used. This is shown to also hold in massless scalar electrodynamics. By employing a variant of the method of characteristics, the sums contributing to the leading-log, next-to-leading-log etc. contributions to V(\phi) can be evaluated.
hep-th
it has been demonstrated that the effective potential vphi in a massless on lambda phi4_4 model is determined completely by the renormalization group functions provided the renormalization condition fracd4vd phi4_phimulambda is used this is shown to also hold in massless scalar electrodynamics by employing a variant of the method of characteristics the sums contributing to the leadinglog nexttoleadinglog etc contributions to vphi can be evaluated
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706.4133
The proper motion of the Arches cluster with Keck Laser-Guide Star Adaptive Optics
We present the first measurement of the proper motion of the young, compact Arches cluster near the Galactic center from near-infrared adaptive optics (AO) data taken with the recently commissioned laser-guide star (LGS) at the Keck 10-m telescope. The excellent astrometric accuracy achieved with LGS-AO provides the basis for a detailed comparison with VLT/NAOS-CONICA data taken 4.3 years earlier. Over the 4.3 year baseline, a spatial displacement of the Arches cluster with respect to the field population is measured to be 24.0 +/- 2.2 mas, corresponding to a proper motion of 5.6 +/- 0.5 mas/yr or 212 +/- 29 km/s at a distance of 8 kpc. In combination with the known line-of-sight velocity of the cluster, we derive a 3D space motion of 232 +/- 30 km/s of the Arches relative to the field. The large proper motion of the Arches cannot be explained with any of the closed orbital families observed in gas clouds in the bar potential of the inner Galaxy, but would be consistent with the Arches being on a transitional trajectory from x1 to x2 orbits. We investigate a cloud-cloud collision as the possible origin for the Arches cluster. The integration of the cluster orbit in the potential of the inner Galaxy suggests that the cluster passes within 10 pc of the supermassive black hole only if its true GC distance is very close to its projected distance. A contribution of young stars from the Arches cluster to the young stellar population in the inner few parsecs of the GC thus appears increasingly unlikely. The measurement of the 3D velocity and orbital analysis provides the first observational evidence that Arches-like clusters do not spiral into the GC. This confirms that no progenitor clusters to the nuclear cluster are observed at the present epoch.
astro-ph
we present the first measurement of the proper motion of the young compact arches cluster near the galactic center from nearinfrared adaptive optics ao data taken with the recently commissioned laserguide star lgs at the keck 10m telescope the excellent astrometric accuracy achieved with lgsao provides the basis for a detailed comparison with vltnaosconica data taken 43 years earlier over the 43 year baseline a spatial displacement of the arches cluster with respect to the field population is measured to be 240 22 mas corresponding to a proper motion of 56 05 masyr or 212 29 kms at a distance of 8 kpc in combination with the known lineofsight velocity of the cluster we derive a 3d space motion of 232 30 kms of the arches relative to the field the large proper motion of the arches cannot be explained with any of the closed orbital families observed in gas clouds in the bar potential of the inner galaxy but would be consistent with the arches being on a transitional trajectory from x1 to x2 orbits we investigate a cloudcloud collision as the possible origin for the arches cluster the integration of the cluster orbit in the potential of the inner galaxy suggests that the cluster passes within 10 pc of the supermassive black hole only if its true gc distance is very close to its projected distance a contribution of young stars from the arches cluster to the young stellar population in the inner few parsecs of the gc thus appears increasingly unlikely the measurement of the 3d velocity and orbital analysis provides the first observational evidence that archeslike clusters do not spiral into the gc this confirms that no progenitor clusters to the nuclear cluster are observed at the present epoch
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706.4134
Bounds on the number of real solutions to polynomial equations
We use Gale duality for polynomial complete intersections and adapt the proof of the fewnomial bound for positive solutions to obtain the bound (e^4+3) 2^(k choose 2) n^k/4 for the number of non-zero real solutions to a system of n polynomials in n variables having n+k+1 monomials whose exponent vectors generate a subgroup of Z^n of odd index. This bound exceeds the bound for positive solutions only by the constant factor (e^4+3)/(e^2+3) and it is asymptotically sharp for k fixed and n large.
math.AG
we use gale duality for polynomial complete intersections and adapt the proof of the fewnomial bound for positive solutions to obtain the bound e43 2k choose 2 nk4 for the number of nonzero real solutions to a system of n polynomials in n variables having nk1 monomials whose exponent vectors generate a subgroup of zn of odd index this bound exceeds the bound for positive solutions only by the constant factor e43e23 and it is asymptotically sharp for k fixed and n large
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706.4135
Simple Two-Dimensional Model for the Elastic Origin of Cooperativity among Spin States of Spin-Crossover Complexes
We study the origin of the cooperative nature of spin crossover (SC) between low spin (LS) and high spin (HS) states from the view point of elastic interactions among molecules. As the size of each molecule changes depending on its spin state, the elastic interaction among the lattice distortions provides the cooperative interaction of the spin states. We develop a simple model of SC with intra and intermolecular potentials which accounts for the elastic interaction including the effect of the inhomogeneity of the spin states, and apply constant temperature molecular dynamics based on the Nos\'e-Hoover formalism. We demonstrate that, with increase of the strength of the intermolecular interactions, the temperature dependence of the HS component changes from a gradual crossover to a first-order transition.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech
we study the origin of the cooperative nature of spin crossover sc between low spin ls and high spin hs states from the view point of elastic interactions among molecules as the size of each molecule changes depending on its spin state the elastic interaction among the lattice distortions provides the cooperative interaction of the spin states we develop a simple model of sc with intra and intermolecular potentials which accounts for the elastic interaction including the effect of the inhomogeneity of the spin states and apply constant temperature molecular dynamics based on the nosehoover formalism we demonstrate that with increase of the strength of the intermolecular interactions the temperature dependence of the hs component changes from a gradual crossover to a firstorder transition
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706.4136
An improved method for estimating source densities using the temporal distribution of Cosmological Transients
It has been shown that the observed temporal distribution of transient events in the cosmos can be used to constrain their rate density. Here we show that the peak flux--observation time relation takes the form of a power law that is invariant to the luminosity distribution of the sources, and that the method can be greatly improved by invoking time reversal invariance and the temporal cosmological principle. We demonstrate how the method can be used to constrain distributions of transient events, by applying it to Swift gamma-ray burst data and show that the peak flux--observation time relation is in good agreement with recent estimates of source parameters. We additionally show that the intrinsic time dependence allows the method to be used as a predictive tool. Within the next year of Swift observation, we find a 50% chance of obtaining a peak flux greater than that of GRB 060017 -- the highest Swift peak flux to date -- and the same probability of detecting a burst with peak flux > 100 photons s^{-1} cm^{-2} within 6 years.
astro-ph
it has been shown that the observed temporal distribution of transient events in the cosmos can be used to constrain their rate density here we show that the peak fluxobservation time relation takes the form of a power law that is invariant to the luminosity distribution of the sources and that the method can be greatly improved by invoking time reversal invariance and the temporal cosmological principle we demonstrate how the method can be used to constrain distributions of transient events by applying it to swift gammaray burst data and show that the peak fluxobservation time relation is in good agreement with recent estimates of source parameters we additionally show that the intrinsic time dependence allows the method to be used as a predictive tool within the next year of swift observation we find a 50 chance of obtaining a peak flux greater than that of grb 060017 the highest swift peak flux to date and the same probability of detecting a burst with peak flux 100 photons s1 cm2 within 6 years
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706.4137
Propagation Constraints and Classical Solutions in K-essence Like Theories
We consider two examples of solutions of the equations of motion of scalar field theories with higher derivatives. These are the cosmology of the rolling tachyon and static spherically symmetric solutions of the scalar field in flat space. By requiring that the field equations always be hyperbolic and that the speed of propagation of the small fluctuations are not superluminal, we find constraints on the form of the allowed interactions in the first case and on the choice of boundary conditions in the latter. For the rolling tachyon we find a general class of models which have the property that at large times the tachyon matter behaves essentially like a non-relativistic gas of dust. For the spherically symmetric solutions we show how causality influences the choice of boundary conditions and those which are finite at the origin are shown to have negative energy density there.
hep-th
we consider two examples of solutions of the equations of motion of scalar field theories with higher derivatives these are the cosmology of the rolling tachyon and static spherically symmetric solutions of the scalar field in flat space by requiring that the field equations always be hyperbolic and that the speed of propagation of the small fluctuations are not superluminal we find constraints on the form of the allowed interactions in the first case and on the choice of boundary conditions in the latter for the rolling tachyon we find a general class of models which have the property that at large times the tachyon matter behaves essentially like a nonrelativistic gas of dust for the spherically symmetric solutions we show how causality influences the choice of boundary conditions and those which are finite at the origin are shown to have negative energy density there
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706.4138
Guaranteed Minimum-Rank Solutions of Linear Matrix Equations via Nuclear Norm Minimization
The affine rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies a given system of linear equality constraints. Such problems have appeared in the literature of a diverse set of fields including system identification and control, Euclidean embedding, and collaborative filtering. Although specific instances can often be solved with specialized algorithms, the general affine rank minimization problem is NP-hard. In this paper, we show that if a certain restricted isometry property holds for the linear transformation defining the constraints, the minimum rank solution can be recovered by solving a convex optimization problem, namely the minimization of the nuclear norm over the given affine space. We present several random ensembles of equations where the restricted isometry property holds with overwhelming probability. The techniques used in our analysis have strong parallels in the compressed sensing framework. We discuss how affine rank minimization generalizes this pre-existing concept and outline a dictionary relating concepts from cardinality minimization to those of rank minimization.
math.OC math.ST stat.TH
the affine rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies a given system of linear equality constraints such problems have appeared in the literature of a diverse set of fields including system identification and control euclidean embedding and collaborative filtering although specific instances can often be solved with specialized algorithms the general affine rank minimization problem is nphard in this paper we show that if a certain restricted isometry property holds for the linear transformation defining the constraints the minimum rank solution can be recovered by solving a convex optimization problem namely the minimization of the nuclear norm over the given affine space we present several random ensembles of equations where the restricted isometry property holds with overwhelming probability the techniques used in our analysis have strong parallels in the compressed sensing framework we discuss how affine rank minimization generalizes this preexisting concept and outline a dictionary relating concepts from cardinality minimization to those of rank minimization
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706.4139
Short Gamma-Ray Bursts and Binary Mergers in Spiral and Elliptical Galaxies: Redshift Distribution and Hosts
To test whether the short GRB rates, redshift distribution and host galaxies are consistent with current theoretical predictions, we use avery large database of population synthesis calculations to examine BH-NS and NS-NS merger rates in the universe, factoring in (i) the star formation history of the universe, (ii) a heterogeneous population of star-forming galaxies, including spirals and ellipticals, and (iii) a simple flux-limited selection model for short GRB detection. When we require our models reproduce the known short GRB rates and redshift measurements (and, for NS-NS, the merger rates extrapolated from binary pulsars in the Galaxy), a small fraction of models reproduce all observations, both when we assume a NS-NS and a BH-NS origin for bursts. Most commonly models produce mergers preferentially in spiral galaxies if short GRBs arise from NS-NS mergers alone. Model universes where present-day binary mergers occur preferentially in elliptical galaxies necessarily include a significant fraction of binaries with long delay times between birth and merger (often $O(10{\rm Gyr})$). Though long delays occur, almost all of our models predict that a higher proportion of short GRBs should occur at moderate to high redshift (e.g., $z>1$) than has presently been observed, in agreement with recent observations which suggest a selection bias towards successful follow-up of low-redshift short GRBs. Finally, if only a fraction of BH-NS mergers have the right combination of masses and spins to make GRBs, then at best only a small fraction of BH-NS models could be consistent with all {\em current} available data. (Abridged)
astro-ph
to test whether the short grb rates redshift distribution and host galaxies are consistent with current theoretical predictions we use avery large database of population synthesis calculations to examine bhns and nsns merger rates in the universe factoring in i the star formation history of the universe ii a heterogeneous population of starforming galaxies including spirals and ellipticals and iii a simple fluxlimited selection model for short grb detection when we require our models reproduce the known short grb rates and redshift measurements and for nsns the merger rates extrapolated from binary pulsars in the galaxy a small fraction of models reproduce all observations both when we assume a nsns and a bhns origin for bursts most commonly models produce mergers preferentially in spiral galaxies if short grbs arise from nsns mergers alone model universes where presentday binary mergers occur preferentially in elliptical galaxies necessarily include a significant fraction of binaries with long delay times between birth and merger often o10rm gyr though long delays occur almost all of our models predict that a higher proportion of short grbs should occur at moderate to high redshift eg z1 than has presently been observed in agreement with recent observations which suggest a selection bias towards successful followup of lowredshift short grbs finally if only a fraction of bhns mergers have the right combination of masses and spins to make grbs then at best only a small fraction of bhns models could be consistent with all em current available data abridged
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706.414
Improbability of DUrca process constraints EOS
According to recent observational and theoretical progresses, the DUrca process (direct Urca process) may be excluded from the category of neutron star cooling mechanisms. This result combined with the latest nuclear symmetry energy experiments, will provide us an independent way of testing the EOS (equation of state) for supranormal density. For example, soft EOSs such as FPS will probably be excluded.
astro-ph
according to recent observational and theoretical progresses the durca process direct urca process may be excluded from the category of neutron star cooling mechanisms this result combined with the latest nuclear symmetry energy experiments will provide us an independent way of testing the eos equation of state for supranormal density for example soft eoss such as fps will probably be excluded
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706.4141
Quark-Lepton Symmetry and Quartification in Five Dimensions
We outline some features of higher dimensional models possessing a Quark-Lepton (QL) symmetry. The QL symmetric model in five dimensions is discussed, with particular emphasis on the use of split fermions. An interesting fermionic geography which utilises the QL symmetry to suppress the proton decay rate and to motivate the flavor differences in the quark and leptonic sectors is considered. We discuss the quartification model in five dimensions and contrast the features of this model with traditional four dimensional constructs.
hep-ph
we outline some features of higher dimensional models possessing a quarklepton ql symmetry the ql symmetric model in five dimensions is discussed with particular emphasis on the use of split fermions an interesting fermionic geography which utilises the ql symmetry to suppress the proton decay rate and to motivate the flavor differences in the quark and leptonic sectors is considered we discuss the quartification model in five dimensions and contrast the features of this model with traditional four dimensional constructs
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706.4142
Unified model of baryonic matter and dark components
We investigate an interacting two-fluid cosmological model and introduce a scalar field representation by means of a linear combination of the individual energy densities. Applying the integrability condition to the scalar field equation we show that this "exotic quintessence" is driven by an exponential potential and the two-fluid mixture can be considered as a model of three components. These components are associated with baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy respectively. We use the Simon, Verde & Jimenez (2005) determination of the redshift dependence of the Hubble parameter to constrain the current density parameters of this model. With the best fit density parameters we obtain the transition redshift between non accelerated and accelerated regimes z_{acc}=0.66 and the time elapsed since the initial singularity t_0= 19.8 Gyr. We study the perturbation evolution of this model and find that the energy density perturbation decreases with the cosmological time.
astro-ph hep-ph
we investigate an interacting twofluid cosmological model and introduce a scalar field representation by means of a linear combination of the individual energy densities applying the integrability condition to the scalar field equation we show that this exotic quintessence is driven by an exponential potential and the twofluid mixture can be considered as a model of three components these components are associated with baryonic matter dark matter and dark energy respectively we use the simon verde jimenez 2005 determination of the redshift dependence of the hubble parameter to constrain the current density parameters of this model with the best fit density parameters we obtain the transition redshift between non accelerated and accelerated regimes z_acc066 and the time elapsed since the initial singularity t_0 198 gyr we study the perturbation evolution of this model and find that the energy density perturbation decreases with the cosmological time
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706.4143
Macroscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics in dynamic calorimetry
What is really measured in dynamic calorimetric experiments is still an open question. This paper is devoted to this question, which can be usefully envisaged by means of macroscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics. From the pioneer work of De Donder on chemical reactions and with other authors along the 20th century, the question is tackled under an historical point of view. A special attention is paid about the notions of frequency dependent complex heat capacity and entropy production due to irreversible processes occurring during an experiment. This phenomenological approach based on thermodynamics, not widely spread in the literature of calorimetry, could open significant perspectives on the study of macro-systems undergoing physico-chemical transformations probed by dynamic calorimetry.
cond-mat.soft
what is really measured in dynamic calorimetric experiments is still an open question this paper is devoted to this question which can be usefully envisaged by means of macroscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics from the pioneer work of de donder on chemical reactions and with other authors along the 20th century the question is tackled under an historical point of view a special attention is paid about the notions of frequency dependent complex heat capacity and entropy production due to irreversible processes occurring during an experiment this phenomenological approach based on thermodynamics not widely spread in the literature of calorimetry could open significant perspectives on the study of macrosystems undergoing physicochemical transformations probed by dynamic calorimetry
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706.4144
The Borel conjecture for manifolds with virtually solvable fundamental groups
The article has been withdrawn by the author. Wolfgang Lueck and Peter Linnell pointed out that the proof of Lemma 3.8 does not apply to the unrestricted case of wreath product. It is not clear at this stage how to complete the proof of Theorem 3.1 using the present version of Lemma 3.8. The valid results originating from this article will be added in a later paper.
math.GT math.KT
the article has been withdrawn by the author wolfgang lueck and peter linnell pointed out that the proof of lemma 38 does not apply to the unrestricted case of wreath product it is not clear at this stage how to complete the proof of theorem 31 using the present version of lemma 38 the valid results originating from this article will be added in a later paper
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706.4145
Ordered spin-ice state in the geometrically frustrated metallic-ferromagnet Sm2Mo2O7
The recent discovery of Spin-ice is a spectacular example of non-coplanar spin arrangements that can arise in the pyrochlore A2B2O7 structure. We present magnetic and thermodynamic studies on the metallic-ferromagnet pyrochlore Sm2Mo2O7. Our studies, carried out on oriented crystals, suggest that the Sm spins have an ordered spin-ice ground state below about T* = 15 K. The temperature- and field-evolution of the ordered spin-ice state are governed by an antiferromagnetic coupling between the Sm and Mo spins. We propose that as a consequence of a robust feature of this coupling, the tetrahedra aligned with the external field adopt a "1-in, 3-out" spin structure as opposed to "3-in, 1-out" in dipolar spin ices, as the field exceeds a critical value.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the recent discovery of spinice is a spectacular example of noncoplanar spin arrangements that can arise in the pyrochlore a2b2o7 structure we present magnetic and thermodynamic studies on the metallicferromagnet pyrochlore sm2mo2o7 our studies carried out on oriented crystals suggest that the sm spins have an ordered spinice ground state below about t 15 k the temperature and fieldevolution of the ordered spinice state are governed by an antiferromagnetic coupling between the sm and mo spins we propose that as a consequence of a robust feature of this coupling the tetrahedra aligned with the external field adopt a 1in 3out spin structure as opposed to 3in 1out in dipolar spin ices as the field exceeds a critical value
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706.4146
X-Ray Spectroscopy of SN 1006 with Suzaku
We report on observations of SN 1006 with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers (XIS) on board Suzaku. We firmly detected K-shell emission from Fe, for the first time, and find that the Fe ionization state is quite low. The broad band spectrum extracted from the southeast of the remnant is well fitted with a model consisting of three optically thin thermal non-equilibrium ionization plasmas and a power-law component. Two of the thermal models are highly overabundant in heavy elements and, hence, are likely due to ejecta. These components have different ionization parameters: $n_et \sim 1.4\times 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$ s and $n_et \sim 7.7\times 10^8$ cm$^{-3}$ s and it is the later one that produces the Fe-K emission. This suggests that Fe has been heated by the reverse shock more recently than the other elements, consistent with a picture where the ejecta are stratified by composition with Fe in the interior. On the other hand, the third thermal component is assumed to be solar abundance, and we associate it with emission from the interstellar medium (ISM). The electron temperature and ionization parameter are $kT_e \sim $0.5 keV and $n_et \sim 5.8\times 10^9$ cm$^{-3}$ s. The electron temperature is lower than that expected from the shock velocity which suggests a lack of collisionless electron heating at the forward shock. The extremely low ionization parameter and extreme non-equilibrium state are due to the low density of the ambient medium.
astro-ph
we report on observations of sn 1006 with the xray imaging spectrometers xis on board suzaku we firmly detected kshell emission from fe for the first time and find that the fe ionization state is quite low the broad band spectrum extracted from the southeast of the remnant is well fitted with a model consisting of three optically thin thermal nonequilibrium ionization plasmas and a powerlaw component two of the thermal models are highly overabundant in heavy elements and hence are likely due to ejecta these components have different ionization parameters n_et sim 14times 1010 cm3 s and n_et sim 77times 108 cm3 s and it is the later one that produces the fek emission this suggests that fe has been heated by the reverse shock more recently than the other elements consistent with a picture where the ejecta are stratified by composition with fe in the interior on the other hand the third thermal component is assumed to be solar abundance and we associate it with emission from the interstellar medium ism the electron temperature and ionization parameter are kt_e sim 05 kev and n_et sim 58times 109 cm3 s the electron temperature is lower than that expected from the shock velocity which suggests a lack of collisionless electron heating at the forward shock the extremely low ionization parameter and extreme nonequilibrium state are due to the low density of the ambient medium
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706.4147
Established pseudo solution of second-order Dirac-Coulomb equation with position-dependent mass
We show that one of exact solutions of the second-order Dirac-Coulomb equation were pseudo. In the corresponding original literature, it was considered that the mass of the electron with a Coulomb potential was position-dependent, but the obtained eigenvalues set was not the inevitable mathematical deduction of the given second-order Dirac equation, and the second-order Dirac equations were not the inevitable mathematical deduction of the given couplet first-order Dirac equation with the position-dependent mass of the electron. In the present paper, we obtain the correct solution of the introduced first-order differential equations. This new solution would be tenable only when the wave equation is correct, but there is not any experiment date to validate the so-called position-dependent of the electron in the Coulomb field.
physics.gen-ph
we show that one of exact solutions of the secondorder diraccoulomb equation were pseudo in the corresponding original literature it was considered that the mass of the electron with a coulomb potential was positiondependent but the obtained eigenvalues set was not the inevitable mathematical deduction of the given secondorder dirac equation and the secondorder dirac equations were not the inevitable mathematical deduction of the given couplet firstorder dirac equation with the positiondependent mass of the electron in the present paper we obtain the correct solution of the introduced firstorder differential equations this new solution would be tenable only when the wave equation is correct but there is not any experiment date to validate the socalled positiondependent of the electron in the coulomb field
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706.4148
Free energy density for mean field perturbation of states of a one-dimensional spin chain
Motivated by recent developments on large deviations in states of the spin chain, we reconsider the work of Petz, Raggio and Verbeure in 1989 on the variational expression of free energy density in the presence of a mean field type perturbation. We extend their results from the product state case to the Gibbs state case in the setting of translation-invariant interactions of finite range. In the special case of a locally faithful quantum Markov state, we clarify the relation between two different kinds of free energy densities (or pressure functions).
math-ph math.MP
motivated by recent developments on large deviations in states of the spin chain we reconsider the work of petz raggio and verbeure in 1989 on the variational expression of free energy density in the presence of a mean field type perturbation we extend their results from the product state case to the gibbs state case in the setting of translationinvariant interactions of finite range in the special case of a locally faithful quantum markov state we clarify the relation between two different kinds of free energy densities or pressure functions
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706.4149
Integrating cavity quantum electrodynamics and ultracold-atom chips with on-chip dielectric mirrors and temperature stabilization
We have fabricated an atom chip device which combines the circuitry for magnetic trapping of cold atoms with high-finesse optical resonators suitable for cavity QED in the single-atom strong coupling regime. Fabry-Perot optical resonators with finesse F > 2 X 10^5 were formed between a micropatterned on-chip planar mirror with lateral dimension of < 100 um and a curved mirror suspended above the chip. The strong and rapid thermal coupling between on-chip electrical and optical elements was utilized to stabilize the cavity mirror separation with servo bandwidth exceeding 100 kHz during simulated operation of the atom chip.
quant-ph
we have fabricated an atom chip device which combines the circuitry for magnetic trapping of cold atoms with highfinesse optical resonators suitable for cavity qed in the singleatom strong coupling regime fabryperot optical resonators with finesse f 2 x 105 were formed between a micropatterned onchip planar mirror with lateral dimension of 100 um and a curved mirror suspended above the chip the strong and rapid thermal coupling between onchip electrical and optical elements was utilized to stabilize the cavity mirror separation with servo bandwidth exceeding 100 khz during simulated operation of the atom chip
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706.415
Energy gap measurement of nanostructured thin aluminium films for use in single Cooper-pair devices
Within the context of superconducting gap engineering, Al-\alox-Al tunnel junctions have been used to study the variation in superconducting gap, $\Delta$, with film thickness. Films of thickness 5, 7, 10 and 30 nm were used to form the small area superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions. In agreement with previous measurements we have observed an increase in the superconducting energy gap of aluminium with a decrease in film thickness. In addition, we find grain size in small area films with thickness \textbf{$\geq$} 10 nm has no appreciable effect on energy gap. Finally, we utilize 7 and 30 nm films in a single Cooper-pair transistor, and observe the modification of the finite bias transport processes due to the engineered gap profile.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.mes-hall
within the context of superconducting gap engineering alaloxal tunnel junctions have been used to study the variation in superconducting gap delta with film thickness films of thickness 5 7 10 and 30 nm were used to form the small area superconductorinsulatorsuperconductor sis tunnel junctions in agreement with previous measurements we have observed an increase in the superconducting energy gap of aluminium with a decrease in film thickness in addition we find grain size in small area films with thickness textbfgeq 10 nm has no appreciable effect on energy gap finally we utilize 7 and 30 nm films in a single cooperpair transistor and observe the modification of the finite bias transport processes due to the engineered gap profile
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706.4151
Directed percolation criticality in turbulent liquid crystals
We experimentally investigate the critical behavior of a phase transition between two topologically different turbulent states of electrohydrodynamic convection in nematic liquid crystals. The statistical properties of the observed spatiotemporal intermittency regimes are carefully determined, yielding a complete set of static critical exponents in full agreement with those defining the directed percolation class in (2+1) dimensions. This constitutes the first clear and comprehensive experimental evidence of an absorbing phase transition in this prominent non-equilibrium universality class.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we experimentally investigate the critical behavior of a phase transition between two topologically different turbulent states of electrohydrodynamic convection in nematic liquid crystals the statistical properties of the observed spatiotemporal intermittency regimes are carefully determined yielding a complete set of static critical exponents in full agreement with those defining the directed percolation class in 21 dimensions this constitutes the first clear and comprehensive experimental evidence of an absorbing phase transition in this prominent nonequilibrium universality class
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706.4152
Scaling of hysteresis loops at phase transitions into a quasiabsorbing state
Models undergoing a phase transition to an absorbing state weakly broken by the addition of a very low spontaneous nucleation rate are shown to exhibit hysteresis loops whose width $\Delta\lambda$ depends algebraically on the ramp rate $r$. Analytical arguments and numerical simulations show that $\Delta\lambda \sim r^{\kappa}$ with $\kappa = 1/(\beta'+1)$, where $\beta'$ is the critical exponent governing the survival probability of a seed near threshold. These results explain similar hysteresis scaling observed before in liquid crystal convection experiments. This phenomenon is conjectured to occur in a variety of other experimental systems.
cond-mat.stat-mech
models undergoing a phase transition to an absorbing state weakly broken by the addition of a very low spontaneous nucleation rate are shown to exhibit hysteresis loops whose width deltalambda depends algebraically on the ramp rate r analytical arguments and numerical simulations show that deltalambda sim rkappa with kappa 1beta1 where beta is the critical exponent governing the survival probability of a seed near threshold these results explain similar hysteresis scaling observed before in liquid crystal convection experiments this phenomenon is conjectured to occur in a variety of other experimental systems
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706.4153
Non-perturbative renormalization of static-light four-fermion operators in quenched lattice QCD
We perform a non-perturbative study of the scale-dependent renormalization factors of a multiplicatively renormalizable basis of $\Delta{B}=2$ parity-odd four-fermion operators in quenched lattice QCD. Heavy quarks are treated in the static approximation with various lattice discretizations of the static action. Light quarks are described by non-perturbatively ${\rm O}(a)$ improved Wilson-type fermions. The renormalization group running is computed for a family of Schroedinger functional (SF) schemes through finite volume techniques in the continuum limit. We compute non-perturbatively the relation between the renormalization group invariant operators and their counterparts renormalized in the SF at a low energy scale. Furthermore, we provide non-perturbative estimates for the matching between the lattice regularized theory and all the SF schemes considered.
hep-lat hep-ph
we perform a nonperturbative study of the scaledependent renormalization factors of a multiplicatively renormalizable basis of deltab2 parityodd fourfermion operators in quenched lattice qcd heavy quarks are treated in the static approximation with various lattice discretizations of the static action light quarks are described by nonperturbatively rm oa improved wilsontype fermions the renormalization group running is computed for a family of schroedinger functional sf schemes through finite volume techniques in the continuum limit we compute nonperturbatively the relation between the renormalization group invariant operators and their counterparts renormalized in the sf at a low energy scale furthermore we provide nonperturbative estimates for the matching between the lattice regularized theory and all the sf schemes considered
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706.4154
A Formation Mechanism of Collapsar Black Hole -- early evolution phase
The latest studies of massive star evolution indicate that an initially rapidly rotating star with sufficiently low metallicity can produce a rapidly rotating, massive stellar core that could be a progenitor of long-soft gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs). Motivated by these studies, we follow the collapse of a rapidly rotating massive stellar core to a 'collapsar' black hole (BH) surrounded by a massive, hot accretion disk performing fully general relativistic simulations. We focus on the general relativistic dynamics of the collapse, and the relevant microphysics is treated in a qualitative manner. The simulations are performed until the system consisting of the BH and the disk has relaxed to a quasi-stationary state. A novel mechanism found in this study is that strong shock waves are formed at the inner part of the disk after the formation of the BH. These shock waves propagate mainly along the rotation axis, heating the disk and sweeping materials around the rotational axis, and thereby forming a low density region. The temperature of the disk is high enough for copious neutrino emission. All these features indicate that the direct formation of a rapidly rotating BH is a promising source of LGRBs even in the absence of strong magnetic fields.
astro-ph
the latest studies of massive star evolution indicate that an initially rapidly rotating star with sufficiently low metallicity can produce a rapidly rotating massive stellar core that could be a progenitor of longsoft gammaray bursts lgrbs motivated by these studies we follow the collapse of a rapidly rotating massive stellar core to a collapsar black hole bh surrounded by a massive hot accretion disk performing fully general relativistic simulations we focus on the general relativistic dynamics of the collapse and the relevant microphysics is treated in a qualitative manner the simulations are performed until the system consisting of the bh and the disk has relaxed to a quasistationary state a novel mechanism found in this study is that strong shock waves are formed at the inner part of the disk after the formation of the bh these shock waves propagate mainly along the rotation axis heating the disk and sweeping materials around the rotational axis and thereby forming a low density region the temperature of the disk is high enough for copious neutrino emission all these features indicate that the direct formation of a rapidly rotating bh is a promising source of lgrbs even in the absence of strong magnetic fields
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706.4155
Phonon-assisted decoherence in the production of polarization-entangled photons in a single semiconductor quantum dot
We theoretically investigate the production of polarization-entangled photons through the biexciton cascade decay in a single semiconductor quantum dot. In the intermediate state the entanglement is encoded in the polarizations of the first emitted photon and the exciton, where the exciton state can be effectively ``measured'' by the solid state environment through the formation of a lattice distortion. We show that the resulting loss of entanglement becomes drastically enhanced if the phonons contributing to the lattice distortion are subject to elastic scatterings at the device boundaries, which might constitute a serious limitation for quantum-dot based entangled-photon devices.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we theoretically investigate the production of polarizationentangled photons through the biexciton cascade decay in a single semiconductor quantum dot in the intermediate state the entanglement is encoded in the polarizations of the first emitted photon and the exciton where the exciton state can be effectively measured by the solid state environment through the formation of a lattice distortion we show that the resulting loss of entanglement becomes drastically enhanced if the phonons contributing to the lattice distortion are subject to elastic scatterings at the device boundaries which might constitute a serious limitation for quantumdot based entangledphoton devices
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706.4156
Glitches in Anomalous X-ray Pulsars
(Abridged) We report on 8.7 and 7.6 yr of RXTE observations of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) RXS J170849.0-400910 and 1E 1841-045, respectively. These observations, part of a larger RXTE AXP monitoring program, have allowed us to study the long-term timing, pulsed flux, and pulse profile evolution of these objects. We report on four new glitches, one from RXS J170849.0-400910 and three from 1E 1841-045. With nearly all known persistent AXPs now seen to glitch, such behavior is clearly generic to this source class. We show that in terms of fractional frequency change, AXPs are among the most actively glitching neutron stars. However, in terms of absolute glitch amplitude, AXP glitches are unremarkable. We show that the largest AXP glitches observed thus far have recoveries that are unusual among those of radio pulsar glitches, with the combination of recovery time scale and fraction yielding changes in spin-down rates following the glitch similar to, or larger than, the long-term average. We also observed a large long-term fractional increase in the magnitude of the spin-down rate of 1E 1841-045 following its largest glitch. These observations are challenging to interpret in standard glitch models, as is the frequent occurence of large glitches given AXPs' high measured temperatures. We speculate that the stellar core may be involved in the largest AXP glitches. Furthermore, we show that AXP glitches appear to fall in two classes: radiatively loud and radiatively quiet. The latter, of which the glitches of J170849.0-400910 and 1E 1841-045 are examples, show little evidence for an accompanying radiative event. We also show, however, that pulse profile and pulsed flux changes are common in these AXPs, but do not apprear closely correlated with any timing behavior.
astro-ph
abridged we report on 87 and 76 yr of rxte observations of the anomalous xray pulsars axps rxs j1708490400910 and 1e 1841045 respectively these observations part of a larger rxte axp monitoring program have allowed us to study the longterm timing pulsed flux and pulse profile evolution of these objects we report on four new glitches one from rxs j1708490400910 and three from 1e 1841045 with nearly all known persistent axps now seen to glitch such behavior is clearly generic to this source class we show that in terms of fractional frequency change axps are among the most actively glitching neutron stars however in terms of absolute glitch amplitude axp glitches are unremarkable we show that the largest axp glitches observed thus far have recoveries that are unusual among those of radio pulsar glitches with the combination of recovery time scale and fraction yielding changes in spindown rates following the glitch similar to or larger than the longterm average we also observed a large longterm fractional increase in the magnitude of the spindown rate of 1e 1841045 following its largest glitch these observations are challenging to interpret in standard glitch models as is the frequent occurence of large glitches given axps high measured temperatures we speculate that the stellar core may be involved in the largest axp glitches furthermore we show that axp glitches appear to fall in two classes radiatively loud and radiatively quiet the latter of which the glitches of j1708490400910 and 1e 1841045 are examples show little evidence for an accompanying radiative event we also show however that pulse profile and pulsed flux changes are common in these axps but do not apprear closely correlated with any timing behavior
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706.4157
Adaptive dynamics in logistic branching populations
We consider a trait-structured population subject to mutation, birth and competition of logistic type, where the number of coexisting types may fluctuate. Applying a limit of rare mutations to this population while keeping the population size finite leads to a jump process, the so-called `trait substitution sequence', where evolution proceeds by successive invasions and fixations of mutant types. The probability of fixation of a mutant is interpreted as a fitness landscape that depends on the current state of the population. It was in adaptive dynamics that this kind of model was first invented and studied, under the additional assumption of large population. Assuming also small mutation steps, adaptive dynamics' theory provides a deterministic ODE approximating the evolutionary dynamics of the dominant trait of the population, called `canonical equation of adaptive dynamics'. In this work, we want to include genetic drift in this models by keeping the population finite. Rescaling mutation steps (weak selection) yields in this case a diffusion on the trait space that we call `canonical diffusion of adaptive dynamics', in which genetic drift (diffusive term) is combined with directional selection (deterministic term) driven by the fitness gradient. Finally, in order to compute the coefficients of this diffusion, we seek explicit first-order formulae for the probability of fixation of a nearly neutral mutant appearing in a resident population. These formulae are expressed in terms of `invasibility coefficients' associated with fertility, defense, aggressiveness and isolation, which measure the robustness (stability w.r.t. selective strengths) of the resident type. Some numerical results on the canonical diffusion are also given.
math.PR
we consider a traitstructured population subject to mutation birth and competition of logistic type where the number of coexisting types may fluctuate applying a limit of rare mutations to this population while keeping the population size finite leads to a jump process the socalled trait substitution sequence where evolution proceeds by successive invasions and fixations of mutant types the probability of fixation of a mutant is interpreted as a fitness landscape that depends on the current state of the population it was in adaptive dynamics that this kind of model was first invented and studied under the additional assumption of large population assuming also small mutation steps adaptive dynamics theory provides a deterministic ode approximating the evolutionary dynamics of the dominant trait of the population called canonical equation of adaptive dynamics in this work we want to include genetic drift in this models by keeping the population finite rescaling mutation steps weak selection yields in this case a diffusion on the trait space that we call canonical diffusion of adaptive dynamics in which genetic drift diffusive term is combined with directional selection deterministic term driven by the fitness gradient finally in order to compute the coefficients of this diffusion we seek explicit firstorder formulae for the probability of fixation of a nearly neutral mutant appearing in a resident population these formulae are expressed in terms of invasibility coefficients associated with fertility defense aggressiveness and isolation which measure the robustness stability wrt selective strengths of the resident type some numerical results on the canonical diffusion are also given
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706.4158
Decay estimates of a tangential derivative to the light cone for the wave equation and their application
We consider wave equations in three space dimensions, and obtain new weighted $L^\infty$-$L^\infty$ estimates for a tangential derivative to the light cone. As an application, we give a new proof of the global existence theorem, which was originally proved by Klainerman and Christodoulou, for systems of nonlinear wave equations under the null condition. Our new proof has the advantage of using neither the scaling nor the pseudo-rotation operators.
math.AP
we consider wave equations in three space dimensions and obtain new weighted linftylinfty estimates for a tangential derivative to the light cone as an application we give a new proof of the global existence theorem which was originally proved by klainerman and christodoulou for systems of nonlinear wave equations under the null condition our new proof has the advantage of using neither the scaling nor the pseudorotation operators
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706.4159
Multimode analysis of the light emitted from a pulsed optical parametric oscillator
We present a multimode treatment of the optical parametric oscillator, which is valid for both pulsed and continuous-wave pump fields. The two-time correlation functions of the output field are derived, and we apply the theory to analyze a scheme for heralded production of non-classical field states that may be subsequently stored in an atomic quantum memory.
quant-ph
we present a multimode treatment of the optical parametric oscillator which is valid for both pulsed and continuouswave pump fields the twotime correlation functions of the output field are derived and we apply the theory to analyze a scheme for heralded production of nonclassical field states that may be subsequently stored in an atomic quantum memory
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706.416
Explicit formulas for biharmonic submanifolds in Sasakian space forms
We classify the biharmonic Legendre curves in a Sasakian space form, and obtain their explicit parametric equations in the $(2n+1)$-dimensional unit sphere endowed with the canonical and deformed Sasakian structures defined by Tanno. Then, composing with the flow of the Reeb vector field, we transform a biharmonic integral submanifold into a biharmonic anti-invariant submanifold. Using this method we obtain new examples of biharmonic submanifolds in spheres and, in particular, in $\mathbb{S}^{7}$.
math.DG
we classify the biharmonic legendre curves in a sasakian space form and obtain their explicit parametric equations in the 2n1dimensional unit sphere endowed with the canonical and deformed sasakian structures defined by tanno then composing with the flow of the reeb vector field we transform a biharmonic integral submanifold into a biharmonic antiinvariant submanifold using this method we obtain new examples of biharmonic submanifolds in spheres and in particular in mathbbs7
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706.4161
The Domino Problem of the Hyperbolic Plane Is Undecidable
In this paper, we prove that the general tiling problem of the hyperbolic plane is undecidable by proving a slightly stronger version using only a regular polygon as the basic shape of the tiles. The problem was raised by a paper of Raphael Robinson in 1971, in his famous simplified proof that the general tiling problem is undecidable for the Euclidean plane, initially proved by Robert Berger in 1966.
cs.CG cs.DM
in this paper we prove that the general tiling problem of the hyperbolic plane is undecidable by proving a slightly stronger version using only a regular polygon as the basic shape of the tiles the problem was raised by a paper of raphael robinson in 1971 in his famous simplified proof that the general tiling problem is undecidable for the euclidean plane initially proved by robert berger in 1966
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706.4162
The entanglement of the XY spin chain in a random magnetic field
We investigate the entanglement of the ferromagnetic XY model in a random magnetic field at zero temperature and in the uniform magnetic field at finite temperatures. We use the concurrence to quantify the entanglement. We find that, in the ferromagnetic region of the uniform magnetic field $h$, all the concurrences are \textit{generated} by the random magnetic field and by the thermal fluctuation. In one particular region of $h$, the next-nearest neighbor concurrence is generated by the random field but not at finite temperatures. We also find that the qualitative behavior of the maximum point of the entanglement in the random magnetic field depends on whether the variance of its distribution function is finite or not.
quant-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
we investigate the entanglement of the ferromagnetic xy model in a random magnetic field at zero temperature and in the uniform magnetic field at finite temperatures we use the concurrence to quantify the entanglement we find that in the ferromagnetic region of the uniform magnetic field h all the concurrences are textitgenerated by the random magnetic field and by the thermal fluctuation in one particular region of h the nextnearest neighbor concurrence is generated by the random field but not at finite temperatures we also find that the qualitative behavior of the maximum point of the entanglement in the random magnetic field depends on whether the variance of its distribution function is finite or not
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706.4163
Variational Principles for Constrained Electromagnetic Field and Papapetrou Equation
In our previous article [4] an approach to derive Papapetrou equations for constrained electromagnetic field was demonstrated by use of field variational principles. The aim of current work is to present more universal technique of deduction of the equations which could be applied to another types of non-scalar fields. It is based on Noether theorem formulated in terms of Cartan' formalism of orthonormal frames. Under infinitesimal coordinate transformation the one leads to equation which includes volume force of spin-gravitational interaction. Papapetrou equation for vector of propagation of the wave is derived on base of the equation. Such manner of deduction allows to formulate more accurately the constraints and clarify equations for the potential and for spin.
gr-qc
in our previous article 4 an approach to derive papapetrou equations for constrained electromagnetic field was demonstrated by use of field variational principles the aim of current work is to present more universal technique of deduction of the equations which could be applied to another types of nonscalar fields it is based on noether theorem formulated in terms of cartan formalism of orthonormal frames under infinitesimal coordinate transformation the one leads to equation which includes volume force of spingravitational interaction papapetrou equation for vector of propagation of the wave is derived on base of the equation such manner of deduction allows to formulate more accurately the constraints and clarify equations for the potential and for spin
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706.4164
Harmonic analysis of additive Levy processes
Let $X_1,...,X_N$ denote $N$ independent $d$-dimensional L\'evy processes, and consider the $N$-parameter random field \[\X(\bm{t}):= X_1(t_1)+...+X_N(t_N).\] First we demonstrate that for all nonrandom Borel sets $F\subseteq\R^d$, the Minkowski sum $\X(\R^N_+)\oplus F$, of the range $\X(\R^N_+)$ of $\X$ with $F$, can have positive $d$-dimensional Lebesgue measure if and only if a certain capacity of $F$ is positive. This improves our earlier joint effort with Yuquan Zhong \ycite{KXZ:03} by removing a symmetry-type condition there. Moreover, we show that under mild regularity conditions, our necessary and sufficient condition can be recast in terms of one-potential densities. This rests on developing results in classical [non-probabilistic] harmonic analysis that might be of independent interest. As was shown in \fullocite{KXZ:03}, the potential theory of the type studied here has a large number of consequences in the theory of L\'evy processes. We present a few new consequences here.
math.PR
let x_1x_n denote n independent ddimensional levy processes and consider the nparameter random field xbmt x_1t_1x_nt_n first we demonstrate that for all nonrandom borel sets fsubseteqrd the minkowski sum xrn_oplus f of the range xrn_ of x with f can have positive ddimensional lebesgue measure if and only if a certain capacity of f is positive this improves our earlier joint effort with yuquan zhong ycitekxz03 by removing a symmetrytype condition there moreover we show that under mild regularity conditions our necessary and sufficient condition can be recast in terms of onepotential densities this rests on developing results in classical nonprobabilistic harmonic analysis that might be of independent interest as was shown in fullocitekxz03 the potential theory of the type studied here has a large number of consequences in the theory of levy processes we present a few new consequences here
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706.4165
Probing new physics in the Neutrinoless double beta decay using electron angular correlation
The angular correlation of the electrons emitted in the neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu2\beta$) is presented using a general Lorentz invariant effective Lagrangian for the leptonic and hadronic charged weak currents. We show that the coefficient $K$ in the angular correlation $d\Gamma/d\cos \theta \propto (1-K\cos \theta)$ is essentially independent of the nuclear matrix element models and present its numerical values for the five nuclei of interest ($^{76}{Ge}$, $^{82}{Se}$, $^{100}{Mo}$, $^{130}{Te}$, and $^{136}{Xe}$), assuming that the $0\nu2\beta$-decays in these nuclei are induced solely by a light Majorana neutrino, $\nu_M$. This coefficient varies between $K=0.81$ (for the $^{76}{Ge}$ nucleus) and $K=0.88$ (for the $^{82}{Se}$ and $^{100}{Mo}$ nuclei), calculated taking into account the effects from the nucleon recoil, the $S$ and $P$-waves for the outgoing electrons and the electron mass. Deviation of $K$ from its values derived here would indicate the presence of New Physics (NP) in addition to a light Majorana neutrino, and we work out the angular coefficients in several $\nu_M + {NP}$ scenarios for the $^{76}{Ge}$ nucleus. As an illustration of the correlations among the $0\nu2\beta$ observables (half-life $T_{1/2}$, the coefficient $K$, and the effective Majorana neutrino mass $|< m>|$) and the parameters of the underlying NP model, we analyze the left-right symmetric models, taking into account current phenomenological bounds on the right-handed $W_R$-boson mass and the left-right mixing parameter $\zeta$.
hep-ph hep-ex nucl-th
the angular correlation of the electrons emitted in the neutrinoless double beta decay 0nu2beta is presented using a general lorentz invariant effective lagrangian for the leptonic and hadronic charged weak currents we show that the coefficient k in the angular correlation dgammadcos theta propto 1kcos theta is essentially independent of the nuclear matrix element models and present its numerical values for the five nuclei of interest 76ge 82se 100mo 130te and 136xe assuming that the 0nu2betadecays in these nuclei are induced solely by a light majorana neutrino nu_m this coefficient varies between k081 for the 76ge nucleus and k088 for the 82se and 100mo nuclei calculated taking into account the effects from the nucleon recoil the s and pwaves for the outgoing electrons and the electron mass deviation of k from its values derived here would indicate the presence of new physics np in addition to a light majorana neutrino and we work out the angular coefficients in several nu_m np scenarios for the 76ge nucleus as an illustration of the correlations among the 0nu2beta observables halflife t_12 the coefficient k and the effective majorana neutrino mass m and the parameters of the underlying np model we analyze the leftright symmetric models taking into account current phenomenological bounds on the righthanded w_rboson mass and the leftright mixing parameter zeta
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706.4166
WMAPping the Inflationary Universe
An epoch of accelerated expansion, or inflation, in the early universe solves several cosmological problems. While there are many models of inflation only recently has it become possible to discriminate between some of the models using observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation and large-scale structure. In this talk, we discuss inflation and its observational consequences, and then the status of current cosmological observations and their implications for different models of inflation.
hep-ph astro-ph
an epoch of accelerated expansion or inflation in the early universe solves several cosmological problems while there are many models of inflation only recently has it become possible to discriminate between some of the models using observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation and largescale structure in this talk we discuss inflation and its observational consequences and then the status of current cosmological observations and their implications for different models of inflation
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706.4167
Study of the decay mechanism for B+ to p pbar K+ and B+ to p pbar pi+
We study the characteristics of the low mass ppbar enhancements near threshold in the three-body decays B+ to p pbar K+ and B+ to p pbar pi+. We observe that the proton polar angle distributions in the ppbar helicity frame in the two decays have the opposite polarity, and measure the forward-backward asymmetries as a function of the ppbar mass for the p pbar K+ mode. We also search for the intermediate two-body decays, B+ to pbar Delta++ and B+ to p Delta0bar, and set upper limits on their branching fractions. These results are obtained from a 414 fb^{-1} data sample that contains 449 times 10^6 BBbar events collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider.
hep-ex
we study the characteristics of the low mass ppbar enhancements near threshold in the threebody decays b to p pbar k and b to p pbar pi we observe that the proton polar angle distributions in the ppbar helicity frame in the two decays have the opposite polarity and measure the forwardbackward asymmetries as a function of the ppbar mass for the p pbar k mode we also search for the intermediate twobody decays b to pbar delta and b to p delta0bar and set upper limits on their branching fractions these results are obtained from a 414 fb1 data sample that contains 449 times 106 bbbar events collected near the upsilon4s resonance with the belle detector at the kekb asymmetricenergy e e collider
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706.4168
Symmetry invariance, anticommutativity and nilpotency in BRST approach to QED: superfield formalism
We provide the geometrical interpretation for the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry invariance of the Lagrangian density of a four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) interacting U(1) gauge theory within the framework of superfield approach to BRST formalism. This interacting theory, where there is an explicit coupling between the U(1) gauge field and matter (Dirac) fields, is considered on a (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold parametrized by the four spacetime variables x^\mu (\mu = 0, 1, 2, 3) and a pair of Grassmannian variables \theta and \bar\theta (with \theta^2 = \bar \theta^2 = 0, \theta \bar\theta + \bar \theta \theta = 0$). We express the Lagrangian density and (anti-)BRST charges in the language of the superfields and show that (i) the (anti-)BRST invariance of the 4D Lagrangian density is equivalent to the translation of the super Lagrangian density along the Grassmannian direction(s) (\theta and/or \bar\theta) of the (4, 2)-dimensional supermanifold such that the outcome of the above translation(s) is zero, and (ii) the anticommutativity and nilpotency of the (anti-)BRST charges are the automatic consequences of our superfield formulation.
hep-th
we provide the geometrical interpretation for the becchirouetstoratyutin brst and antibrst symmetry invariance of the lagrangian density of a four 3 1dimensional 4d interacting u1 gauge theory within the framework of superfield approach to brst formalism this interacting theory where there is an explicit coupling between the u1 gauge field and matter dirac fields is considered on a 4 2dimensional supermanifold parametrized by the four spacetime variables xmu mu 0 1 2 3 and a pair of grassmannian variables theta and bartheta with theta2 bar theta2 0 theta bartheta bar theta theta 0 we express the lagrangian density and antibrst charges in the language of the superfields and show that i the antibrst invariance of the 4d lagrangian density is equivalent to the translation of the super lagrangian density along the grassmannian directions theta andor bartheta of the 4 2dimensional supermanifold such that the outcome of the above translations is zero and ii the anticommutativity and nilpotency of the antibrst charges are the automatic consequences of our superfield formulation
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706.4169
Subsampling needlet coefficients on the sphere
In a recent paper, we analyzed the properties of a new kind of spherical wavelets (called needlets) for statistical inference procedures on spherical random fields; the investigation was mainly motivated by applications to cosmological data. In the present work, we exploit the asymptotic uncorrelation of random needlet coefficients at fixed angular distances to construct subsampling statistics evaluated on Voronoi cells on the sphere. We illustrate how such statistics can be used for isotropy tests and for bootstrap estimation of nuisance parameters, even when a single realization of the spherical random field is observed. The asymptotic theory is developed in detail in the high resolution sense.
math.ST astro-ph math.PR stat.TH
in a recent paper we analyzed the properties of a new kind of spherical wavelets called needlets for statistical inference procedures on spherical random fields the investigation was mainly motivated by applications to cosmological data in the present work we exploit the asymptotic uncorrelation of random needlet coefficients at fixed angular distances to construct subsampling statistics evaluated on voronoi cells on the sphere we illustrate how such statistics can be used for isotropy tests and for bootstrap estimation of nuisance parameters even when a single realization of the spherical random field is observed the asymptotic theory is developed in detail in the high resolution sense
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706.417
Hilbert++ Manual
We present here an installation guide, a hand-on mini-tutorial through examples, and the theoretical foundations of the Hilbert++ code.
cs.OH cond-mat.str-el
we present here an installation guide a handon minitutorial through examples and the theoretical foundations of the hilbert code
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706.4171
Local dark energy: HST evidence from the vicinity of the M 81/M 82 galaxy group
The Hubble Space Telescope observations of the nearby galaxy group M 81/M 82 and its vicinity indicate that the expansion outflow around the group is dominated by the antigravity of the dark energy background. The local density of dark energy in the area is estimated to be near the global dark energy density or perhaps exactly equal to it. This conclusion agrees with our previous results for the Local group vicinity and the vicinity of the Cen A/M 83 group.
astro-ph
the hubble space telescope observations of the nearby galaxy group m 81m 82 and its vicinity indicate that the expansion outflow around the group is dominated by the antigravity of the dark energy background the local density of dark energy in the area is estimated to be near the global dark energy density or perhaps exactly equal to it this conclusion agrees with our previous results for the local group vicinity and the vicinity of the cen am 83 group
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706.4172
Spin configuration in a frustrated ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic thin film system
We have studied the magnetic configuration in ultrathin antiferromagnetic Mn films grown around monoatomic steps on an Fe(001) surface by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and ab-initio-parametrized self-consistent real-space tight binding calculations in which the spin quantization axis is independent for each site thus allowing noncollinear magnetism. Mn grown on Fe(001) presents a layered antiferromagnetic structure. In the regions where the Mn films overgrows Fe steps the magnetization of the surface layer is reversed across the steps. Around these defects a frustration of the antiferromagnetic order occurs. Due to the weakened magnetic coupling at the central Mn layers, the amount of frustration is smaller than in Cr and the width of the wall induced by the step does not change with the thickness, at least for coverages up to seven monolayers.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we have studied the magnetic configuration in ultrathin antiferromagnetic mn films grown around monoatomic steps on an fe001 surface by spinpolarized scanning tunneling microscopyspectroscopy and abinitioparametrized selfconsistent realspace tight binding calculations in which the spin quantization axis is independent for each site thus allowing noncollinear magnetism mn grown on fe001 presents a layered antiferromagnetic structure in the regions where the mn films overgrows fe steps the magnetization of the surface layer is reversed across the steps around these defects a frustration of the antiferromagnetic order occurs due to the weakened magnetic coupling at the central mn layers the amount of frustration is smaller than in cr and the width of the wall induced by the step does not change with the thickness at least for coverages up to seven monolayers
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706.4173
FPCP Theory Overview
We first review some aspects of the determination of the sides and angles of the unitarity triangle. We pay particular attention to theory shortcomings, and present many alternative proposals for the determination of |Vub| (which at present is problematic). We then turn our attention to the more general question: What have we learned so far about flavor physics and where do we go from here? We argue that the aim of Flavor Physics should be to establish or rule out Minimal Flavor Violating interactions up to a scale of 10 TeV.
hep-ph
we first review some aspects of the determination of the sides and angles of the unitarity triangle we pay particular attention to theory shortcomings and present many alternative proposals for the determination of vub which at present is problematic we then turn our attention to the more general question what have we learned so far about flavor physics and where do we go from here we argue that the aim of flavor physics should be to establish or rule out minimal flavor violating interactions up to a scale of 10 tev
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706.4174
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of spontaneous flow in active liquid crystals: the role of boundary conditions
Active liquid crystals or active gels are soft materials which can be physically realised e.g. by preparing a solution of cytoskeletal filaments interacting with molecular motors. We study the hydrodynamics of an active liquid crystal in a slab-like geometry with various boundary conditions, by solving numerically its equations of motion via lattice Boltzmann simulations. In all cases we find that active liquid crystals can sustain spontaneous flow in steady state contrarily to their passive counterparts, and in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. We further find that conflicting anchoring conditions at the boundaries lead to spontaneous flow for any value of the 'activity' parameter, while with unfrustrated anchoring at all boundaries spontaneous flow only occurs when the activity exceeds a critical threshold. We finally discuss the dynamic pathway leading to steady state in a few selected cases.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
active liquid crystals or active gels are soft materials which can be physically realised eg by preparing a solution of cytoskeletal filaments interacting with molecular motors we study the hydrodynamics of an active liquid crystal in a slablike geometry with various boundary conditions by solving numerically its equations of motion via lattice boltzmann simulations in all cases we find that active liquid crystals can sustain spontaneous flow in steady state contrarily to their passive counterparts and in agreement with recent theoretical predictions we further find that conflicting anchoring conditions at the boundaries lead to spontaneous flow for any value of the activity parameter while with unfrustrated anchoring at all boundaries spontaneous flow only occurs when the activity exceeds a critical threshold we finally discuss the dynamic pathway leading to steady state in a few selected cases
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706.4175
Heuristics for Network Coding in Wireless Networks
Multicast is a central challenge for emerging multi-hop wireless architectures such as wireless mesh networks, because of its substantial cost in terms of bandwidth. In this report, we study one specific case of multicast: broadcasting, sending data from one source to all nodes, in a multi-hop wireless network. The broadcast we focus on is based on network coding, a promising avenue for reducing cost; previous work of ours showed that the performance of network coding with simple heuristics is asymptotically optimal: each transmission is beneficial to nearly every receiver. This is for homogenous and large networks of the plan. But for small, sparse or for inhomogeneous networks, some additional heuristics are required. This report proposes such additional new heuristics (for selecting rates) for broadcasting with network coding. Our heuristics are intended to use only simple local topology information. We detail the logic of the heuristics, and with experimental results, we illustrate the behavior of the heuristics, and demonstrate their excellent performance.
cs.NI
multicast is a central challenge for emerging multihop wireless architectures such as wireless mesh networks because of its substantial cost in terms of bandwidth in this report we study one specific case of multicast broadcasting sending data from one source to all nodes in a multihop wireless network the broadcast we focus on is based on network coding a promising avenue for reducing cost previous work of ours showed that the performance of network coding with simple heuristics is asymptotically optimal each transmission is beneficial to nearly every receiver this is for homogenous and large networks of the plan but for small sparse or for inhomogeneous networks some additional heuristics are required this report proposes such additional new heuristics for selecting rates for broadcasting with network coding our heuristics are intended to use only simple local topology information we detail the logic of the heuristics and with experimental results we illustrate the behavior of the heuristics and demonstrate their excellent performance
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706.4176
Entanglement Transfer Through an Antiferromagnetic Spin Chain
We study the possibility of using an uniformly coupled finite antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain as a channel for transmitting entanglement. One member of a pair of maximally entangled spins is initially appended to one end of a chain in its ground state and the dynamical propagation of this entanglement to the other end is calculated. We show that compared to the analogous scheme with a ferromagnetic chain in its ground state, here the entanglement is transmitted faster, with less decay, with a much higher purity and as a narrow pulse form rising non-analytically from zero. Here non-zero temperatures and depolarizing environments are both found to be less destructive in comparison to the ferromagnetic case. The entanglement is found to propagate through the chain in a peculiar fashion whereby it hops to skip alternate sites.
quant-ph
we study the possibility of using an uniformly coupled finite antiferromagnetic spin12 heisenberg chain as a channel for transmitting entanglement one member of a pair of maximally entangled spins is initially appended to one end of a chain in its ground state and the dynamical propagation of this entanglement to the other end is calculated we show that compared to the analogous scheme with a ferromagnetic chain in its ground state here the entanglement is transmitted faster with less decay with a much higher purity and as a narrow pulse form rising nonanalytically from zero here nonzero temperatures and depolarizing environments are both found to be less destructive in comparison to the ferromagnetic case the entanglement is found to propagate through the chain in a peculiar fashion whereby it hops to skip alternate sites
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706.4177
\C-flows A^z of linear maps A expressed in terms of A^{-1},A^{-2},...,A^{-n} and analytic functions of z
Suppose A\in GL_n(\C) has a relation A^p=c_{p-1}A^{p-1}+.... + c_1 A+ c_0I where the c_i in \C. This article describes how to construct analytic functions c_i(z) such that A^z=c_{p-1}(z)A^{p-1}+... + c_1(z) A+ c_0(z)I . One of the theorems gives a possible description of the c_i(z): c_i(z)=C^z\alpha where C\in Mat_p(\C) is (similar to) the companion matrix of X^p-c_{p-1}X^{p-1}-... -c_1X-c_0I, and \alpha:= (c_{p-1},...,c_1,c_0)^t.
math.AC math.AG math.CV
suppose ain gl_nc has a relation apc_p1ap1 c_1 a c_0i where the c_i in c this article describes how to construct analytic functions c_iz such that azc_p1zap1 c_1z a c_0zi one of the theorems gives a possible description of the c_iz c_izczalpha where cin mat_pc is similar to the companion matrix of xpc_p1xp1 c_1xc_0i and alpha c_p1c_1c_0t
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706.4178
Lattice polytopes of degree 2
A theorem of Scott gives an upper bound for the normalized volume of lattice polygons with exactly $i>0$ interior lattice points. We will show that the same bound is true for the normalized volume of lattice polytopes of degree 2 even in higher dimensions. In particular, there is only a finite number of quadratic polynomials with fixed leading coefficient being the $h^*$-polynomial of a lattice polytope.
math.CO
a theorem of scott gives an upper bound for the normalized volume of lattice polygons with exactly i0 interior lattice points we will show that the same bound is true for the normalized volume of lattice polytopes of degree 2 even in higher dimensions in particular there is only a finite number of quadratic polynomials with fixed leading coefficient being the hpolynomial of a lattice polytope
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706.4179
Overview: Sides of the Unitarity Triangle
This is an opening talk for the workshop and is intended to be provocative. We take a stab at the following questions: How well do we really know the sides of the unitarity triangle? What else could we do to improve? (I propose several new measurements). What precision should we ultimately aim at in the determination of CKM elements? What have we learned so far about flavor physics? Where do we go from here?
hep-ph
this is an opening talk for the workshop and is intended to be provocative we take a stab at the following questions how well do we really know the sides of the unitarity triangle what else could we do to improve i propose several new measurements what precision should we ultimately aim at in the determination of ckm elements what have we learned so far about flavor physics where do we go from here
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706.418
Universal Grammar and Consciousness
The orthodox interpretation of quantum theory treats the subject and the object on an equal footing. It has been suggested that the cyclical-time process, which resolves self-reference in consciousness, interconnects the observed universe and the mind of the subject. Based on the analogy between cryptography and language, the concept of the common innate structure of language, also known as universal grammar, may be associated with the continuity in consciousness. Extending this connection, Levi-Strauss's proposal on universal culture may be considered as a shared structure of continuity among the consciousness of multiple subjects.
physics.gen-ph
the orthodox interpretation of quantum theory treats the subject and the object on an equal footing it has been suggested that the cyclicaltime process which resolves selfreference in consciousness interconnects the observed universe and the mind of the subject based on the analogy between cryptography and language the concept of the common innate structure of language also known as universal grammar may be associated with the continuity in consciousness extending this connection levistrausss proposal on universal culture may be considered as a shared structure of continuity among the consciousness of multiple subjects
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706.4181
A characterization property on field equivalent to algebraicity on Banach spaces
In his article "A discrete form of the theorem that each field endomorphism of $\mathbb{R}$ ($\mathbb{Q}_p$) is the identity", Tyszka introduce a logical property which is equivalent to algebraicity in $\mathbb{R}$ and in $\mathbb{Q}_p$. Amazingly, the property is no longer equivalent to algebraicity in $\mathbb{C}$. This article present a similirar property which is equivalent to algebraicity in any field of characteristic zero which is also a Banach space, and prove a weaker equivalency for fields of positive charcteristic (which are also Banach spaces).
math.NT math.LO
in his article a discrete form of the theorem that each field endomorphism of mathbbr mathbbq_p is the identity tyszka introduce a logical property which is equivalent to algebraicity in mathbbr and in mathbbq_p amazingly the property is no longer equivalent to algebraicity in mathbbc this article present a similirar property which is equivalent to algebraicity in any field of characteristic zero which is also a banach space and prove a weaker equivalency for fields of positive charcteristic which are also banach spaces
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706.4182
Experimental tests of small-x QCD
Current and future experimental studies of the high-energy limit of QCD, dominated by non-linear gluon dynamics in the low-x sector of the hadron wavefunctions, are presented. Results at HERA (proton) and RHIC (nucleus) pointing to the possible onset of parton saturation phenomena, and perspectives at the LHC and new proposed DIS facilities are outlined.
hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th
current and future experimental studies of the highenergy limit of qcd dominated by nonlinear gluon dynamics in the lowx sector of the hadron wavefunctions are presented results at hera proton and rhic nucleus pointing to the possible onset of parton saturation phenomena and perspectives at the lhc and new proposed dis facilities are outlined
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706.4183
Infinitely generated Derksen and Makar-Limanov invariant
In this paper, we give an example of a finitely generated 3-dimensional C-algebra which has infinitely generated Derksen invariant as well as Makar-Limaonv invariant.
math.AG math.AC
in this paper we give an example of a finitely generated 3dimensional calgebra which has infinitely generated derksen invariant as well as makarlimaonv invariant
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706.4184
Constructing (almost) rigid rings and a UFD having infinitely generated Derksen and Makar-Limanov invariant
An example is given of a UFD which has infinitely generated Derksen invariant. The ring is \textquotedblleft almost rigid\textquotedblright\ meaning that the Derksen invariant is equal to the Makar-Limanov invariant. Techniques to show that a ring is (almost) rigid are discussed, among which is a generalization of Mason's abc-theorem.
math.AG math.AC
an example is given of a ufd which has infinitely generated derksen invariant the ring is textquotedblleft almost rigidtextquotedblright meaning that the derksen invariant is equal to the makarlimanov invariant techniques to show that a ring is almost rigid are discussed among which is a generalization of masons abctheorem
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706.4185
Minimal Flavor Violation
If new physics is called upon to explain away fine tunings, like the hierarchy problem, then, we argue, the principle of Minimal Flavor Violation is inescapable. We review the principle and recent extensions to the lepton sector and to Grand-Unified theories.
hep-ph
if new physics is called upon to explain away fine tunings like the hierarchy problem then we argue the principle of minimal flavor violation is inescapable we review the principle and recent extensions to the lepton sector and to grandunified theories
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706.4186
Zero-Bidimension and Various Classes of Bitopological Spaces
The sum theorem and its corollaries are proved for a countable family of zero-dimensional (in the sense of small and large inductive bidimensions) p-closed sets, using a new notion of relative normality whose topological correspondent is also new. The notion of almost $n$-dimensionality is considered from the bitopological point of view. Bitopological spaces in which every subset is i-open in its $j$-closure (i.e.,(i,j)-submaximal spaces) are introduced and their properties are studied. Based on the investigations begun in [5] and [14], sufficient conditions are found for bitopological spaces to be(1,2)-Baire in the class of p-normal spaces. Furthermore, (i,j)-I-spaces are introduced and both the relations between(i,j)-submaximal, (i,j)-nodec and (i,j)-I-spaces, and their properties are studied when two topologies on a set are either independent of each other or interconnected by the inclusion, S-, C- and N-relations or by their combinations. The final part of the paper deals with the questions of preservation of $(i,j)$-submaximal and $(2,1)\dd I$-spaces to an image, of $D$-spaces to an image and an inverse image for both the topological and the bitopological cases. Two theorems are formulated containing, on the one hand, topological conditions and, on the other hand, bitopological ones, under which a topological space is a $D$-space.
math.GN
the sum theorem and its corollaries are proved for a countable family of zerodimensional in the sense of small and large inductive bidimensions pclosed sets using a new notion of relative normality whose topological correspondent is also new the notion of almost ndimensionality is considered from the bitopological point of view bitopological spaces in which every subset is iopen in its jclosure ieijsubmaximal spaces are introduced and their properties are studied based on the investigations begun in 5 and 14 sufficient conditions are found for bitopological spaces to be12baire in the class of pnormal spaces furthermore ijispaces are introduced and both the relations betweenijsubmaximal ijnodec and ijispaces and their properties are studied when two topologies on a set are either independent of each other or interconnected by the inclusion s c and nrelations or by their combinations the final part of the paper deals with the questions of preservation of ijsubmaximal and 21dd ispaces to an image of dspaces to an image and an inverse image for both the topological and the bitopological cases two theorems are formulated containing on the one hand topological conditions and on the other hand bitopological ones under which a topological space is a dspace
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706.4187
The Automorphism Group of Certain Factorial Threefolds and a Cancellation Problem
The automorphism groups of certain factorial complex affine threefolds admitting locally trivial actions of the additive group are determined. As a consequence new counterexamples to a generalized cancellation problem are obtained.
math.AG math.AC
the automorphism groups of certain factorial complex affine threefolds admitting locally trivial actions of the additive group are determined as a consequence new counterexamples to a generalized cancellation problem are obtained
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706.4188
Holography and Cosmological Singularities
Certain null singularities in ten dimensional supergravity have natural holographic duals in terms of Matrix Theory and generalizations of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In many situations the holographic duals appear to be well defined in regions where the supergravity develops singularities. We describe some recent progress in this area.
hep-th
certain null singularities in ten dimensional supergravity have natural holographic duals in terms of matrix theory and generalizations of the adscft correspondence in many situations the holographic duals appear to be well defined in regions where the supergravity develops singularities we describe some recent progress in this area
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706.4189
Stable-Range Approach to the Equation of Nonstationary Transonic Gas Flows
Using certain finite-dimensional stable range of the nonlinear terms, we obtain large families of exact solutions parameterized by functions for the equation of nonstationary transonic gas flows discovered by Lin, Reisner and Tsien, and its three-dimensional generalization.
physics.flu-dyn math-ph math.AP math.MP nlin.SI
using certain finitedimensional stable range of the nonlinear terms we obtain large families of exact solutions parameterized by functions for the equation of nonstationary transonic gas flows discovered by lin reisner and tsien and its threedimensional generalization
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706.419
SiZer for time series: A new approach to the analysis of trends
Smoothing methods and SiZer are a useful statistical tool for discovering statistically significant structure in data. Based on scale space ideas originally developed in the computer vision literature, SiZer (SIgnificant ZERo crossing of the derivatives) is a graphical device to assess which observed features are `really there' and which are just spurious sampling artifacts. In this paper, we develop SiZer like ideas in time series analysis to address the important issue of significance of trends. This is not a straightforward extension, since one data set does not contain the information needed to distinguish `trend' from `dependence'. A new visualization is proposed, which shows the statistician the range of trade-offs that are available. Simulation and real data results illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
stat.ME
smoothing methods and sizer are a useful statistical tool for discovering statistically significant structure in data based on scale space ideas originally developed in the computer vision literature sizer significant zero crossing of the derivatives is a graphical device to assess which observed features are really there and which are just spurious sampling artifacts in this paper we develop sizer like ideas in time series analysis to address the important issue of significance of trends this is not a straightforward extension since one data set does not contain the information needed to distinguish trend from dependence a new visualization is proposed which shows the statistician the range of tradeoffs that are available simulation and real data results illustrate the effectiveness of the method
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706.4191
Kaluza--Klein excitations of gauge bosons at the LHC
We consider the Randall-Sundrum extra dimensional model with fields propagating in the bulk based on an extended electroweak gauge symmetry with specific fermion charges and localizations that allow to explain the LEP anomaly of the forward--backward asymmetry for $b$--quarks, $A_{FB}^b$. We study the manifestations of the strongly--interacting and electroweak gauge boson Kaluza--Klein excitations $\vkk$ at the LHC, with masses of the order of a few TeV, which dominantly decays into top and bottom quark pairs. We first analyze the two--body tree--level production processes $pp \to t\bar t$ and $b\bar b$ in which the Kaluza--Klein (KK) excitations of gauge bosons are exchanged. We find that the additional channels can lead to a significant excess of events with respect to the Standard Model prediction; characteristic top quark polarization and angular asymmetries are quantitatively studied and turn out to probe the chiral structure of couplings to excited states. We then analyze higher order production processes for the gauge boson excitations which have too weak or no couplings to light quarks and, in particular, the loop induced process $gg \to \vkk \to t\bar t$ and $b\bar b$ in which the anomalous $gg \vkk $ four--dimensional vertex has to be regulated. The RS effects in this process, as well as in the four--body reactions $pp \to t\bar t b\bar b$, $t\bar t t\bar t$, $b\bar b b\bar b$ and in the related three--body reactions $gb \to b t \bar t$, $b b\bar b$, in which the $\vkk$ excitations are mainly radiated off the eavy quarks, are shown to be potentially difficult to test at LHC, due to small hase space and low parton density for $\mkk \gsim 3$ TeV.
hep-ph
we consider the randallsundrum extra dimensional model with fields propagating in the bulk based on an extended electroweak gauge symmetry with specific fermion charges and localizations that allow to explain the lep anomaly of the forwardbackward asymmetry for bquarks a_fbb we study the manifestations of the stronglyinteracting and electroweak gauge boson kaluzaklein excitations vkk at the lhc with masses of the order of a few tev which dominantly decays into top and bottom quark pairs we first analyze the twobody treelevel production processes pp to tbar t and bbar b in which the kaluzaklein kk excitations of gauge bosons are exchanged we find that the additional channels can lead to a significant excess of events with respect to the standard model prediction characteristic top quark polarization and angular asymmetries are quantitatively studied and turn out to probe the chiral structure of couplings to excited states we then analyze higher order production processes for the gauge boson excitations which have too weak or no couplings to light quarks and in particular the loop induced process gg to vkk to tbar t and bbar b in which the anomalous gg vkk fourdimensional vertex has to be regulated the rs effects in this process as well as in the fourbody reactions pp to tbar t bbar b tbar t tbar t bbar b bbar b and in the related threebody reactions gb to b t bar t b bbar b in which the vkk excitations are mainly radiated off the eavy quarks are shown to be potentially difficult to test at lhc due to small hase space and low parton density for mkk gsim 3 tev
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706.4192
Equation of State for Macromolecules of Variable Flexibility in Good Solvents: A Comparison of Techniques for Monte Carlo Simulations of Lattice Models
The osmotic equation of state for the athermal bond fluctuation model on the simple cubic lattice is obtained from extensive Monte Carlo simulations. For short macromolecules (chain length N=20) we study the influence of various choices for the chain stiffness on the equation of state. Three techniques are applied and compared in order to critically assess their efficiency and accuracy: the repulsive wall method, the thermodynamic integration method (which rests on the feasibility of simulations in the grand canonical ensemble), and the recently advocated sedimentation equilibrium method, which records the density profile in an external (e.g. gravitation-like) field and infers, via a local density approximation, the equation of state from the hydrostatic equilibrium condition. We confirm the conclusion that the latter technique is far more efficient than the repulsive wall method, but we find that the thermodynamic integration method is similarly efficient as the sedimentation equilibrium method. For very stiff chains the onset of nematic order enforces the formation of isotropic-nematic interface in the sedimentation equilibrium method leading to strong rounding effects and deviations from the true equation of state in the transition regime.
cond-mat.soft
the osmotic equation of state for the athermal bond fluctuation model on the simple cubic lattice is obtained from extensive monte carlo simulations for short macromolecules chain length n20 we study the influence of various choices for the chain stiffness on the equation of state three techniques are applied and compared in order to critically assess their efficiency and accuracy the repulsive wall method the thermodynamic integration method which rests on the feasibility of simulations in the grand canonical ensemble and the recently advocated sedimentation equilibrium method which records the density profile in an external eg gravitationlike field and infers via a local density approximation the equation of state from the hydrostatic equilibrium condition we confirm the conclusion that the latter technique is far more efficient than the repulsive wall method but we find that the thermodynamic integration method is similarly efficient as the sedimentation equilibrium method for very stiff chains the onset of nematic order enforces the formation of isotropicnematic interface in the sedimentation equilibrium method leading to strong rounding effects and deviations from the true equation of state in the transition regime
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706.4193
Transportation-information inequalities for Markov processes
In this paper, one investigates the following type of transportation-information $T_cI$ inequalities: $\alpha(T_c(\nu,\mu))\le I(\nu|\mu)$ for all probability measures $\nu$ on some metric space $(\XX, d)$, where $\mu$ is a given probability measure, $T_c(\nu,\mu)$ is the transportation cost from $\nu$ to $\mu$ with respect to some cost function $c(x,y)$ on $\XX^2$, $I(\nu|\mu)$ is the Fisher-Donsker-Varadhan information of $\nu$ with respect to $\mu$ and $\alpha: [0,\infty)\to [0,\infty]$ is some left continuous increasing function. Using large deviation techniques, it is shown that $T_cI$ is equivalent to some concentration inequality for the occupation measure of a $\mu$-reversible ergodic Markov process related to $I(\cdot|\mu)$, a counterpart of the characterizations of transportation-entropy inequalities, recently obtained by Gozlan and L\'eonard in the i.i.d. case . Tensorization properties of $T_cI$ are also derived.
math.PR math.FA
in this paper one investigates the following type of transportationinformation t_ci inequalities alphat_cnumule inumu for all probability measures nu on some metric space xx d where mu is a given probability measure t_cnumu is the transportation cost from nu to mu with respect to some cost function cxy on xx2 inumu is the fisherdonskervaradhan information of nu with respect to mu and alpha 0inftyto 0infty is some left continuous increasing function using large deviation techniques it is shown that t_ci is equivalent to some concentration inequality for the occupation measure of a mureversible ergodic markov process related to icdotmu a counterpart of the characterizations of transportationentropy inequalities recently obtained by gozlan and leonard in the iid case tensorization properties of t_ci are also derived
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706.4194
Kinetics of indirect excitons in the optically-induced exciton trap
We report on the kinetics of a low-temperature gas of indirect excitons in the optically-induced exciton trap. The excitons in the region of laser excitation are found to rapidly -- within 4 ns -- cool to the lattice temperature T = 1.4 K, while the excitons at the trap center are found to be cold -- essentially at the lattice temperature -- even during the excitation pulse. The loading time of excitons to the trap center is found to be about 40 ns, longer than the cooling time yet shorter than the lifetime of the indirect excitons. The observed time hierarchy is favorable for creating a dense and cold exciton gas in optically-induced traps and for in situ control of the gas by varying the excitation profile in space and time before the excitons recombine.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report on the kinetics of a lowtemperature gas of indirect excitons in the opticallyinduced exciton trap the excitons in the region of laser excitation are found to rapidly within 4 ns cool to the lattice temperature t 14 k while the excitons at the trap center are found to be cold essentially at the lattice temperature even during the excitation pulse the loading time of excitons to the trap center is found to be about 40 ns longer than the cooling time yet shorter than the lifetime of the indirect excitons the observed time hierarchy is favorable for creating a dense and cold exciton gas in opticallyinduced traps and for in situ control of the gas by varying the excitation profile in space and time before the excitons recombine
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706.4195
Flag Partial Differential Equations and Representations of Lie Algebras
In this paper, we solve the initial value problems of variable-coefficient generalized wave equations associated with trees and a large family of linear constant-coefficient partial differential equation by algebraic methods. Moreover, we find all the polynomial solutions for a 3-dimensional variable-coefficient flag partial differential equation of any order, the linear wave equation with dissipation and the generalized anisymmetrical Laplace equation. Furthermore, the polynomial-trigonometric solutions of a generalized Klein-Gordan equation associated with 3-dimensional generalized Tricomi operator $\ptl_x^2+x\ptl_y^2+y\ptl_z^2$ are also given. As applications to representations of Lie algebras, we find certain irreducible polynomial representations of the Lie algebras $sl(n,\mbb{F}), so(n,\mbb{F})$ and the simple Lie algebra of type $G_2$.
math.RT math-ph math.AP math.MP nlin.SI
in this paper we solve the initial value problems of variablecoefficient generalized wave equations associated with trees and a large family of linear constantcoefficient partial differential equation by algebraic methods moreover we find all the polynomial solutions for a 3dimensional variablecoefficient flag partial differential equation of any order the linear wave equation with dissipation and the generalized anisymmetrical laplace equation furthermore the polynomialtrigonometric solutions of a generalized kleingordan equation associated with 3dimensional generalized tricomi operator ptl_x2xptl_y2yptl_z2 are also given as applications to representations of lie algebras we find certain irreducible polynomial representations of the lie algebras slnmbbf sonmbbf and the simple lie algebra of type g_2
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706.4196
The paraboson Fock space and unitary irreducible representations of the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2n)
It is known that the defining relations of the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra osp(1|2n) are equivalent to the defining (triple) relations of n pairs of paraboson operators $b^\pm_i$. In particular, with the usual star conditions, this implies that the ``parabosons of order p'' correspond to a unitary irreducible (infinite-dimensional) lowest weight representation V(p) of osp(1|2n). Apart from the simple cases p=1 or n=1, these representations had never been constructed due to computational difficulties, despite their importance. In the present paper we give an explicit and elegant construction of these representations V(p), and we present explicit actions or matrix elements of the osp(1|2n) generators. The orthogonal basis vectors of V(p) are written in terms of Gelfand-Zetlin patterns, where the subalgebra u(n) of osp(1|2n) plays a crucial role. Our results also lead to character formulas for these infinite-dimensional osp(1|2n) representations. Furthermore, by considering the branching $ osp(1|2n) \supset sp(2n) \supset u(n)$, we find explicit infinite-dimensional unitary irreducible lowest weight representations of sp(2n) and their characters.
hep-th math-ph math.GR math.MP math.RT quant-ph
it is known that the defining relations of the orthosymplectic lie superalgebra osp12n are equivalent to the defining triple relations of n pairs of paraboson operators bpm_i in particular with the usual star conditions this implies that the parabosons of order p correspond to a unitary irreducible infinitedimensional lowest weight representation vp of osp12n apart from the simple cases p1 or n1 these representations had never been constructed due to computational difficulties despite their importance in the present paper we give an explicit and elegant construction of these representations vp and we present explicit actions or matrix elements of the osp12n generators the orthogonal basis vectors of vp are written in terms of gelfandzetlin patterns where the subalgebra un of osp12n plays a crucial role our results also lead to character formulas for these infinitedimensional osp12n representations furthermore by considering the branching osp12n supset sp2n supset un we find explicit infinitedimensional unitary irreducible lowest weight representations of sp2n and their characters
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706.4197
On the Theory of Relative Bitopological and Topological Properties
In the first part of the work (Sections 2-6) a special attention is given to relative separation axioms and relative connectedness, in particular, many relative versions of p-T_0, p-T_1, p-T_2, (i,j)- and p-regularities, (i,j)- and p-complete regularities, p-real normality and p-normality are discussed. Moreover, relative properties of (i,j)- and p-compactness types, including relative versions of (i,j)- and p-paracompactness, (i,j)- and p-Lindeofness, (i,j)- and p-pseudocompactness are also introduced and investigated. The second part (Sections 7-12) is devoted, on the one hand, to relative bitopological inductive and covering dimension functions and, on the other hand, to relative versions of Baire spaces for both the topological and the bitopological case. At the end, note that relative (bi)topological properties play a special role not only in the development of respective theories, but also in the strengthening of the previously known results.
math.GN
in the first part of the work sections 26 a special attention is given to relative separation axioms and relative connectedness in particular many relative versions of pt_0 pt_1 pt_2 ij and pregularities ij and pcomplete regularities preal normality and pnormality are discussed moreover relative properties of ij and pcompactness types including relative versions of ij and pparacompactness ij and plindeofness ij and ppseudocompactness are also introduced and investigated the second part sections 712 is devoted on the one hand to relative bitopological inductive and covering dimension functions and on the other hand to relative versions of baire spaces for both the topological and the bitopological case at the end note that relative bitopological properties play a special role not only in the development of respective theories but also in the strengthening of the previously known results
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706.4198
Cosmological constraints on neutrino plus axion hot dark matter
We use observations of the cosmological large-scale structure to derive limits on two-component hot dark matter consisting of mass-degenerate neutrinos and hadronic axions, both components having velocity dispersions corresponding to their respective decoupling temperatures. We restrict the data samples to the safely linear regime, in particular excluding the Lyman-alpha forest. Using standard Bayesian inference techniques we derive credible regions in the two-parameter space of m_a and sum(m_nu). Marginalising over sum(m_nu) provides m_a < 1.2 eV (95% C.L.). In the absence of axions the same data and methods give sum(m_nu) < 0.65 eV (95% C.L.). We also derive limits on m_a for a range of axion-pion couplings up to one order of magnitude larger or smaller than the hadronic value.
astro-ph hep-ph
we use observations of the cosmological largescale structure to derive limits on twocomponent hot dark matter consisting of massdegenerate neutrinos and hadronic axions both components having velocity dispersions corresponding to their respective decoupling temperatures we restrict the data samples to the safely linear regime in particular excluding the lymanalpha forest using standard bayesian inference techniques we derive credible regions in the twoparameter space of m_a and summ_nu marginalising over summ_nu provides m_a 12 ev 95 cl in the absence of axions the same data and methods give summ_nu 065 ev 95 cl we also derive limits on m_a for a range of axionpion couplings up to one order of magnitude larger or smaller than the hadronic value
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706.4199
Radial and vertical angular momentum transport in protostellar discs
Angular momentum in protostellar discs can be transported either radially, through turbulence induced by the magnetorotational instability (MRI), or vertically, through the torque exerted by a large-scale magnetic field. We present a model of steady-state discs where these two mechanisms operate at the same radius and derive approximate criteria for their occurrence in an ambipolar diffusion dominated disc. We obtain "weak field'' solutions - which we associate with the MRI channel modes in a stratified disc - and transform them into accretion solutions with predominantly radial angular-momentum transport by implementing a turbulent-stress prescription based on published results of numerical simulations. We also analyze "intermediate field strength'' solutions in which both radial and vertical transport operate at the same radial location. Our results suggest, however, that this overlap is unlikely to occur in real discs.
astro-ph
angular momentum in protostellar discs can be transported either radially through turbulence induced by the magnetorotational instability mri or vertically through the torque exerted by a largescale magnetic field we present a model of steadystate discs where these two mechanisms operate at the same radius and derive approximate criteria for their occurrence in an ambipolar diffusion dominated disc we obtain weak field solutions which we associate with the mri channel modes in a stratified disc and transform them into accretion solutions with predominantly radial angularmomentum transport by implementing a turbulentstress prescription based on published results of numerical simulations we also analyze intermediate field strength solutions in which both radial and vertical transport operate at the same radial location our results suggest however that this overlap is unlikely to occur in real discs
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706.42
Few body Calculation of Neutrino Neutral Inelastic scattering on 4He
The inelastic neutral reaction of neutrino on 4He is calculated using two modern nucleon--nucleon potentials. Full final state interaction among the four nucleons is considered, via the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method. The effective interaction hyperspherical-harmonic (EIHH) approach is used to solve the resulting Schrodinger like equations. A detailed energy dependent calculation is given in the impulse approximation.
nucl-th
the inelastic neutral reaction of neutrino on 4he is calculated using two modern nucleonnucleon potentials full final state interaction among the four nucleons is considered via the lorentz integral transform lit method the effective interaction hypersphericalharmonic eihh approach is used to solve the resulting schrodinger like equations a detailed energy dependent calculation is given in the impulse approximation
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706.4201
Tree Diagram Lie Algebras of Differential Operators and Evolution Partial Differential Equations
A tree diagram is a tree with positive integral weight on each edge, which is a notion generalized from the Dynkin diagrams of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. We introduce two nilpotent Lie algebras and their extended solvable Lie algebras associated with each tree diagram. The solvable tree diagram Lie algebras turn out to be complete Lie algebras of maximal rank analogous to the Borel subalgebras of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. Their abelian ideals are completely determined. Using a high-order Campbell-Hausdorff formula and certain abelian ideals of the tree diagram Lie algebras, we solve the initial value problem of first-order evolution partial differential equations associated with nilpotent tree diagram Lie algebras and high-order evolution partial differential equations, including heat conduction type equations related to generalized Tricomi operators associated with trees.
math.RT math-ph math.AP math.MP nlin.SI
a tree diagram is a tree with positive integral weight on each edge which is a notion generalized from the dynkin diagrams of finitedimensional simple lie algebras we introduce two nilpotent lie algebras and their extended solvable lie algebras associated with each tree diagram the solvable tree diagram lie algebras turn out to be complete lie algebras of maximal rank analogous to the borel subalgebras of finitedimensional simple lie algebras their abelian ideals are completely determined using a highorder campbellhausdorff formula and certain abelian ideals of the tree diagram lie algebras we solve the initial value problem of firstorder evolution partial differential equations associated with nilpotent tree diagram lie algebras and highorder evolution partial differential equations including heat conduction type equations related to generalized tricomi operators associated with trees
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706.4202
Coherence and Spatial Resolution of Transport in Quantum Cascade Lasers
The method of nonequilibrium Greens functions allows for a spatial and energetical resolution of the electron current in Quantum Cascade Lasers. While scattering does not change the spatial position of carriers, the entire spatial evolution of charge can be attributed to coherent transport by complex wave functions. We discuss the hierarchy of transport models and derive the density matrix equations as well as the hopping model starting from the nonequilibrium Greens functions approach.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the method of nonequilibrium greens functions allows for a spatial and energetical resolution of the electron current in quantum cascade lasers while scattering does not change the spatial position of carriers the entire spatial evolution of charge can be attributed to coherent transport by complex wave functions we discuss the hierarchy of transport models and derive the density matrix equations as well as the hopping model starting from the nonequilibrium greens functions approach
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706.4203
Optimal curves of low genus over finite fields
The Hasse-Weil-Serre bound is improved for curves of low genera over finite fields with discriminant in {-3,-4,-7,-8,-11,-19} by studying optimal curves.
math.AG math.NT
the hasseweilserre bound is improved for curves of low genera over finite fields with discriminant in 34781119 by studying optimal curves
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706.4204
Investigation of Pygmy Dipole Resonances in the Tin Region
The evolution of the low-energy electromagnetic dipole response with the neutron excess is investigated along the Sn isotopic chain within an approach incorporating Hartree-Fock-Bogoljubov (HFB) and multi-phonon Quasiparticle-Phonon-Model (QPM) theory. General aspects of the relationship of nuclear skins and dipole sum rules are discussed. Neutron and proton transition densities serve to identify the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) as a generic mode of excitation. The PDR is distinct from the GDR by its own characteristic pattern given by a mixture of isoscalar and isovector components. Results for the $^{100}$Sn-$^{132}$Sn isotopes and the several N=82 isotones are presented. In the heavy Sn-isotopes the PDR excitations are closely related to the thickness of the neutron skin. Approaching $^{100}$Sn a gradual change from a neutron to a proton skin is found and the character of the PDR is changed correspondingly. A delicate balance between Coulomb and strong interaction effects is found. The fragmentation of the PDR strength in $^{124}$Sn is investigated by multi-phonon calculations. Recent measurements of the dipole response in $^{130,132}$Sn are well reproduced.
nucl-th
the evolution of the lowenergy electromagnetic dipole response with the neutron excess is investigated along the sn isotopic chain within an approach incorporating hartreefockbogoljubov hfb and multiphonon quasiparticlephononmodel qpm theory general aspects of the relationship of nuclear skins and dipole sum rules are discussed neutron and proton transition densities serve to identify the pygmy dipole resonance pdr as a generic mode of excitation the pdr is distinct from the gdr by its own characteristic pattern given by a mixture of isoscalar and isovector components results for the 100sn132sn isotopes and the several n82 isotones are presented in the heavy snisotopes the pdr excitations are closely related to the thickness of the neutron skin approaching 100sn a gradual change from a neutron to a proton skin is found and the character of the pdr is changed correspondingly a delicate balance between coulomb and strong interaction effects is found the fragmentation of the pdr strength in 124sn is investigated by multiphonon calculations recent measurements of the dipole response in 130132sn are well reproduced
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706.4205
The extended Burnside ring and module categories
In this note an `extended Burnside ring' is defined, generated by classes of semisimple module categories over Rep(G) with quasifibre functors. Here G is a finite group and representations are taken over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. It is shown that this is equivalent to a ring generated by centrally extended G-sets and hence the name. Ring homomorphisms into the multiplicative group of the field are computed with an explicit formula and tables of these homomorphisms are given for the groups S_4 and S_5 which are of particular interest in the context of reductive algebraic groups. ----- L'anneau de Burnside \'etendu et cat\'egories de modules. Dans cette note un `Anneau de Burnside \'etendu' est d\'efini, gener\'e par des classes de cat\'egories de modules semisimples sur Rep(G) avec des foncteurs quasifibres. Ici G est un groupe fini, et des repr\'esentations sont prises sur un corps alg\'ebriquement clos de caract\'eristique nulle. Il est demontr\'e que ceci \'equivaut \`a un anneau gener\'e par des G-ensembles centralement \'etendus, d'o\`u le nom. Des homomorphismes d'anneau dans le groupe multiplicatif du corps sont comput\'ees avec une formule explicite et des tableaux de ces homomorphismes sont fournis pour les groupes S_4 et S_5 qui sont d'un int\'er\^et particulier dans le contexte de groupes alg\'ebriques r\'eductifs.
math.RT
in this note an extended burnside ring is defined generated by classes of semisimple module categories over repg with quasifibre functors here g is a finite group and representations are taken over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 it is shown that this is equivalent to a ring generated by centrally extended gsets and hence the name ring homomorphisms into the multiplicative group of the field are computed with an explicit formula and tables of these homomorphisms are given for the groups s_4 and s_5 which are of particular interest in the context of reductive algebraic groups lanneau de burnside etendu et categories de modules dans cette note un anneau de burnside etendu est defini genere par des classes de categories de modules semisimples sur repg avec des foncteurs quasifibres ici g est un groupe fini et des representations sont prises sur un corps algebriquement clos de caracteristique nulle il est demontre que ceci equivaut a un anneau genere par des gensembles centralement etendus dou le nom des homomorphismes danneau dans le groupe multiplicatif du corps sont computees avec une formule explicite et des tableaux de ces homomorphismes sont fournis pour les groupes s_4 et s_5 qui sont dun interet particulier dans le contexte de groupes algebriques reductifs
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706.4206
Calorons and dyons at the thermal phase transition analyzed by overlap fermions
In a pilot study, we use the topological charge density defined by the eigenmodes of the overlap Dirac operator (with ultraviolet filtering by mode-truncation) to search for lumps of topological charge in SU(2) pure gauge theory. Augmenting this search with periodic and antiperiodic temporal boundary conditions for the overlap fermions, we demonstrate that the lumps can be classified either as calorons or as separate caloron constituents (dyons). Inside the topological charge clusters the (smeared) Polyakov loop is found to show the typical profile characteristic for calorons and dyons. This investigation, motivated by recent caloron/dyon model studies, is performed at the deconfinement phase transition for SU(2) gluodynamics on 20^3 x 6 lattices described by the tadpole improved L\"uscher-Weisz action. The transition point has been carefully located. As a necessary condition for the caloron/dyon detection capability, we check that the LW action, in contrast to the Wilson action, generates lattice ensembles, for which the overlap Dirac eigenvalue spectrum smoothly behaves under smearing and under the change of the boundary conditions.
hep-lat hep-ph
in a pilot study we use the topological charge density defined by the eigenmodes of the overlap dirac operator with ultraviolet filtering by modetruncation to search for lumps of topological charge in su2 pure gauge theory augmenting this search with periodic and antiperiodic temporal boundary conditions for the overlap fermions we demonstrate that the lumps can be classified either as calorons or as separate caloron constituents dyons inside the topological charge clusters the smeared polyakov loop is found to show the typical profile characteristic for calorons and dyons this investigation motivated by recent calorondyon model studies is performed at the deconfinement phase transition for su2 gluodynamics on 203 x 6 lattices described by the tadpole improved luscherweisz action the transition point has been carefully located as a necessary condition for the calorondyon detection capability we check that the lw action in contrast to the wilson action generates lattice ensembles for which the overlap dirac eigenvalue spectrum smoothly behaves under smearing and under the change of the boundary conditions
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706.4207
Complex weak values in quantum measurement
In the weak measurement formalism of Y. Aharonov et al. the so-called weak value A_w of any observable A is generally a complex number. We derive a physical interpretation of its value in terms of the shift in the measurement pointer's mean position and mean momentum. In particular we show that the mean position shift contains a term jointly proportional to the imaginary part of the weak value and the rate at which the pointer is spreading in space as it enters the measurement interaction.
quant-ph
in the weak measurement formalism of y aharonov et al the socalled weak value a_w of any observable a is generally a complex number we derive a physical interpretation of its value in terms of the shift in the measurement pointers mean position and mean momentum in particular we show that the mean position shift contains a term jointly proportional to the imaginary part of the weak value and the rate at which the pointer is spreading in space as it enters the measurement interaction
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706.4208
Penetration of Andreev bound states into the ferromagnet in a SrRuO$_{3}$/(110)YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ bilayer: a scanning tunneling spectroscopy study
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of thin epitaxial $SrRuO_{3}/(110)YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ ferromagnet/superconductor bilayers, reveal a clear penetration of the Andreev bound states into the ferromagnetic layer. The penetration is manifested in the density of states of the ferromagnet as a split zero bias conductance peak with an imbalance between peak heights. Our data indicate that the splitting occurs at the superconductor side as a consequence of induced magnetization, confirming recent theoretical predictions. The imbalance is attributed to the spin polarization in the ferromagnet.
cond-mat.supr-con
scanning tunneling spectroscopy of thin epitaxial srruo_3110yba_2cu_3o_7delta ferromagnetsuperconductor bilayers reveal a clear penetration of the andreev bound states into the ferromagnetic layer the penetration is manifested in the density of states of the ferromagnet as a split zero bias conductance peak with an imbalance between peak heights our data indicate that the splitting occurs at the superconductor side as a consequence of induced magnetization confirming recent theoretical predictions the imbalance is attributed to the spin polarization in the ferromagnet
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706.4209
Elastic relaxation during 2D epitaxial growth: a study of in-plane lattice spacing oscillations
The purpose of this paper is to report some new experimental and theoretical results about the analysis of in-plane lattice spacing oscillations during two-dimensional (2D) homo and hetero epitaxial growth. The physical origin of these oscillations comes from the finite size of the strained islands. The 2D islands may thus relax by their edges, leading to in-plane lattice spacing oscillations during the birth and spread of these islands. On the one hand, we formulate the problem of elastic relaxation of a coherent 2D epitaxial deposits by using the concept of point forces and demonstrate that the mean deformation in the islands exhibits an oscillatory behaviour. On the other hand, we calculate the intensity diffracted by such coherently deposited 2D islands by using a mean model of a pile-up of weakly deformed layers. The amplitude of in-plane lattice spacing oscillations is found to depend linearly on the misfit and roughly linearly on the nucleation density. We show that the nucleation density may be approximated from the full-width at half maximum of the diffracted rods at half coverages. The predicted dependence of the in-plane lattice spacing oscillations amplitude with the nucleation density is thus experimentally verified on V/Fe(001), Mn/Fe(001), Ni/Fe(001), Co/Cu(001) and V/V(001).
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the purpose of this paper is to report some new experimental and theoretical results about the analysis of inplane lattice spacing oscillations during twodimensional 2d homo and hetero epitaxial growth the physical origin of these oscillations comes from the finite size of the strained islands the 2d islands may thus relax by their edges leading to inplane lattice spacing oscillations during the birth and spread of these islands on the one hand we formulate the problem of elastic relaxation of a coherent 2d epitaxial deposits by using the concept of point forces and demonstrate that the mean deformation in the islands exhibits an oscillatory behaviour on the other hand we calculate the intensity diffracted by such coherently deposited 2d islands by using a mean model of a pileup of weakly deformed layers the amplitude of inplane lattice spacing oscillations is found to depend linearly on the misfit and roughly linearly on the nucleation density we show that the nucleation density may be approximated from the fullwidth at half maximum of the diffracted rods at half coverages the predicted dependence of the inplane lattice spacing oscillations amplitude with the nucleation density is thus experimentally verified on vfe001 mnfe001 nife001 cocu001 and vv001
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706.421
Automorphic Forms and Reeb-Like Foliations on Three-Manifolds
In this paper, we consider different ways of generating dynamical systems on 3-manifolds. We first derive explicit differential equations for dynamical systems defined on generic hyperbolic 3-manifolds by using automorphic function theory to uniformize the upper half-space model. It is achieved via the modification of the standard Poincare theta series to generate systems invariant within each individual fundamental region such that the solution trajectories match up on the appropriate sides after the identifications which generate a hyperbolic 3-manifold. Then we consider the gluing pattern in the conformal ball model. At the end we shall study the construction of dynamical systems by using the Reeb foliation.
math.DS
in this paper we consider different ways of generating dynamical systems on 3manifolds we first derive explicit differential equations for dynamical systems defined on generic hyperbolic 3manifolds by using automorphic function theory to uniformize the upper halfspace model it is achieved via the modification of the standard poincare theta series to generate systems invariant within each individual fundamental region such that the solution trajectories match up on the appropriate sides after the identifications which generate a hyperbolic 3manifold then we consider the gluing pattern in the conformal ball model at the end we shall study the construction of dynamical systems by using the reeb foliation
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706.4211
The formation of a detached shell around the carbon star Y CVn
Y CVn is a carbon star surrounded by a detached dust shell that has been imaged by the Infrared Space Observatory at 90 microns. With the Nancay Radio Telescope we have studied the gaseous counterpart in the 21-cm HI emission line. New data have been acquired and allow to improve the signal to noise ratio on this line. The high spectral resolution line profiles obtained at the position of the star and at several offset positions set strong constraints on the gas temperature and kinematics within the detached shell; the bulk of the material should be at ~ 100-200 K and in expansion at ~ 1-2 km/s. In addition, the line profile at the central position shows a quasi-rectangular pedestal that traces an 8 km/s outflow of ~ 1.0 10^-7 Msol/yr, stable for about 2 10^4 years, which corresponds to the central outflow already studied with CO rotational lines. We present a model in which the detached shell results from the slowing-down of the stellar wind by surrounding matter. The inner radius corresponds to the location where the stellar outflow is abruptly slowed down from ~ 8 km/s to 2 km/s (termination shock). The outer radius corresponds to the location where external matter is compressed by the expanding shell (bow shock). In this model the mass loss rate of Y CVn has been set constant, at the same level of 1.0 10^-7 Msol/yr, for ~ 4.5 10^5 years. The gas temperature varies from ~ 1800 K at the inner limit to 165 K at the interface between circumstellar matter and external matter. Our modelling shows that the presence of a detached shell around an AGB star may not mean that a drastic reduction of the mass loss rate has occurred in the past. The inner radius of such a shell might only be the effect of a termination shock rather than of an interruption of the mass loss process.
astro-ph
y cvn is a carbon star surrounded by a detached dust shell that has been imaged by the infrared space observatory at 90 microns with the nancay radio telescope we have studied the gaseous counterpart in the 21cm hi emission line new data have been acquired and allow to improve the signal to noise ratio on this line the high spectral resolution line profiles obtained at the position of the star and at several offset positions set strong constraints on the gas temperature and kinematics within the detached shell the bulk of the material should be at 100200 k and in expansion at 12 kms in addition the line profile at the central position shows a quasirectangular pedestal that traces an 8 kms outflow of 10 107 msolyr stable for about 2 104 years which corresponds to the central outflow already studied with co rotational lines we present a model in which the detached shell results from the slowingdown of the stellar wind by surrounding matter the inner radius corresponds to the location where the stellar outflow is abruptly slowed down from 8 kms to 2 kms termination shock the outer radius corresponds to the location where external matter is compressed by the expanding shell bow shock in this model the mass loss rate of y cvn has been set constant at the same level of 10 107 msolyr for 45 105 years the gas temperature varies from 1800 k at the inner limit to 165 k at the interface between circumstellar matter and external matter our modelling shows that the presence of a detached shell around an agb star may not mean that a drastic reduction of the mass loss rate has occurred in the past the inner radius of such a shell might only be the effect of a termination shock rather than of an interruption of the mass loss process
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706.4212
Shear Viscosity to Entropy within a Parton Cascade
The shear viscosity is calculated by means of the perturbative kinetic partonic cascade BAMPS with CGC initial conditons for various saturation momentum scale Q_s. eta/s ~ 0.15 stays approximately constant when going from RHIC to LHC.
hep-ph
the shear viscosity is calculated by means of the perturbative kinetic partonic cascade bamps with cgc initial conditons for various saturation momentum scale q_s etas 015 stays approximately constant when going from rhic to lhc
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706.4213
Magneto-optic far-infrared study of Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$: triplet excitations in chains
Using far-infrared spectroscopy we have studied the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the spin gap modes in the chains of Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$. Two triplet modes T$_1$ and T$_2$ were found in the center of the Brillouin zone at $\Delta_1=9.65$ meV and $\Delta_2=10.86$ meV in zero magnetic field. The T$_1$ mode was excited when the electric field vector ${\bf E}$ of the light was polarized along the b axis (perpendicular to the planes of chains and ladders) and T$_2$ was excited for ${\bf E}\parallel {\bf a}$ (perpendicular to the chains and along the rungs). Up to the maximum magnetic field of 18 T, applied along the chains, the electron $g$ factors of these two modes were similar, $g_{1c}=2.049$ and $g_{2c}=2.044$. Full linewidth at half maximum for both modes was 1 cm$^{-1}$ (0.12 meV) at 4K and increased with $T$. The temperature dependence of mode energies and line intensities was in agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering results from two groups [Matsuda {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 59}, 1060 (1999) and Regnault {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 59}, 1055 (1999)]. The T$_1$ mode has not been observed by inelastic neutron scattering in the points of the $k$-space equivalent to the center of the Brillouin zone. Our study indicates that the zone structure model of magnetic excitations of Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$ must be modified to include a triplet mode at 9.65 meV in the center of the magnetic Brillouin zone.
cond-mat.other
using farinfrared spectroscopy we have studied the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the spin gap modes in the chains of sr_14cu_24o_41 two triplet modes t_1 and t_2 were found in the center of the brillouin zone at delta_1965 mev and delta_21086 mev in zero magnetic field the t_1 mode was excited when the electric field vector bf e of the light was polarized along the b axis perpendicular to the planes of chains and ladders and t_2 was excited for bf eparallel bf a perpendicular to the chains and along the rungs up to the maximum magnetic field of 18 t applied along the chains the electron g factors of these two modes were similar g_1c2049 and g_2c2044 full linewidth at half maximum for both modes was 1 cm1 012 mev at 4k and increased with t the temperature dependence of mode energies and line intensities was in agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering results from two groups matsuda it et al phys rev b bf 59 1060 1999 and regnault it et al phys rev b bf 59 1055 1999 the t_1 mode has not been observed by inelastic neutron scattering in the points of the kspace equivalent to the center of the brillouin zone our study indicates that the zone structure model of magnetic excitations of sr_14cu_24o_41 must be modified to include a triplet mode at 965 mev in the center of the magnetic brillouin zone
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