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707.163
Direct link between low temperature magnetism and high temperature sodium order in NaxCoO2
We prove the direct link between low temperature magnetism and high temperature sodium ordering in NaxCoO2 using the example of a heretofore unreported magnetic transition at 8 K which involves a weak ferromagnetic moment. The 8 K feature is characterized in detail and its dependence on a diffusive sodium rearrangement around 200 K is demonstrated. Applying muons as local probes this process is shown to result in a reversible phase separation into distinct magnetic phases that can be controlled by specific cooling protocols. Thus the impact of ordered sodium Coulomb potential on the CoO2 physics is evidenced opening new ways to experimentally revisit the NaxCoO2 phase diagram.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we prove the direct link between low temperature magnetism and high temperature sodium ordering in naxcoo2 using the example of a heretofore unreported magnetic transition at 8 k which involves a weak ferromagnetic moment the 8 k feature is characterized in detail and its dependence on a diffusive sodium rearrangement around 200 k is demonstrated applying muons as local probes this process is shown to result in a reversible phase separation into distinct magnetic phases that can be controlled by specific cooling protocols thus the impact of ordered sodium coulomb potential on the coo2 physics is evidenced opening new ways to experimentally revisit the naxcoo2 phase diagram
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707.1631
Spin-Dependent Ringing and Beats in a Quantum Dot System
We report spin-dependent quantum coherent oscillations (ringing) and beats of the total and spin currents flowing through a quantum dot with Zeeman split levels. The spin dependent transport is calculated via nonequilibrium Green function in the transient after a bias voltage is turned on at t=0. The dot is coupled to two electrodes that can be ferromagnetic or nonmagnetic. In the ferromagnetic case both parallel and antiparallel alignments are considered. The coherent oscillation and beat frequencies are controlled via the Zeeman energy E_Z. In particular, for E_Z=0 no beats are observed and the spin current is zero for nonmagnetic leads. In the ferromagnetic case a finite spin current is found for E_Z=0. The effects of temperature are also analyzed. We observe that with increasing temperature the ringing response and the beats tend to disappear. Additionally, the spin current goes to zero for nonmagnetic leads, remaining finite in the ferromagnetic case. The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) also reveals quantum coherent oscillations and beats, and it attains negative values for small enough temperatures and short times.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report spindependent quantum coherent oscillations ringing and beats of the total and spin currents flowing through a quantum dot with zeeman split levels the spin dependent transport is calculated via nonequilibrium green function in the transient after a bias voltage is turned on at t0 the dot is coupled to two electrodes that can be ferromagnetic or nonmagnetic in the ferromagnetic case both parallel and antiparallel alignments are considered the coherent oscillation and beat frequencies are controlled via the zeeman energy e_z in particular for e_z0 no beats are observed and the spin current is zero for nonmagnetic leads in the ferromagnetic case a finite spin current is found for e_z0 the effects of temperature are also analyzed we observe that with increasing temperature the ringing response and the beats tend to disappear additionally the spin current goes to zero for nonmagnetic leads remaining finite in the ferromagnetic case the tunnel magnetoresistance tmr also reveals quantum coherent oscillations and beats and it attains negative values for small enough temperatures and short times
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707.1632
The FMNRxPYTHIA interface for Heavy Quark production at HERA
A method to calculate heavy flavor visible-level cross sections at Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), based on an interface of the FMNR program to PYTHIA, is described. It uses the NLO prediction at quark level provided by FMNR, with a statistical reduction procedure (REDSTAT) that allows a link to PYTHIA 6.2 to be made, from where the description of the full hadron fragmentation and decay chain is obtained. The method is applied to ep -> b bbar X -> D* mu X and mu+ mu- X final states at HERA. Comparisons of the data and NLO cross sections at visible and b-quark level were found to be consistent.
hep-ph
a method to calculate heavy flavor visiblelevel cross sections at nexttoleading order nlo in quantum chromodynamics qcd based on an interface of the fmnr program to pythia is described it uses the nlo prediction at quark level provided by fmnr with a statistical reduction procedure redstat that allows a link to pythia 62 to be made from where the description of the full hadron fragmentation and decay chain is obtained the method is applied to ep b bbar x d mu x and mu mu x final states at hera comparisons of the data and nlo cross sections at visible and bquark level were found to be consistent
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707.1633
Search for Prompt Production of $\chi_{c}$ and X(3872) in e^+e^- Annihilations
We have searched for prompt production of $\chi_{c1}$, $\chi_{c2}$ and X(3872) in continuum e^+e^- annihilations using a 386 fb^{-1} data sample collected around $\sqrt{s} = 10.6$ GeV with the BABAR detector using the $\gamma J/\psi$ decay mode. After accounting for the feed-down from $\psi(2S)\to\gamma\chi_{c1,2}$, no significant signal for prompt $\chi_{c1,2}$ production is observed. We present improved upper limits on the cross-section, with the rest of the event consisting of more than two charged tracks, to be 77 fb for $\chi_{c1}$ and 79 fb for $\chi_{c2}$ with $e^+e^-$ center-of-mass frame $\chi_c$ momentum greater than 2.0 GeV at 90% confidence level. These limits are consistent with NRQCD predictions. We also set an upper limit on the prompt production of X(3872) through the decay $X(3872)\to \gamma J/\psi$.
hep-ex
we have searched for prompt production of chi_c1 chi_c2 and x3872 in continuum ee annihilations using a 386 fb1 data sample collected around sqrts 106 gev with the babar detector using the gamma jpsi decay mode after accounting for the feeddown from psi2stogammachi_c12 no significant signal for prompt chi_c12 production is observed we present improved upper limits on the crosssection with the rest of the event consisting of more than two charged tracks to be 77 fb for chi_c1 and 79 fb for chi_c2 with ee centerofmass frame chi_c momentum greater than 20 gev at 90 confidence level these limits are consistent with nrqcd predictions we also set an upper limit on the prompt production of x3872 through the decay x3872to gamma jpsi
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707.1634
Optimal generation of entanglement under local control
We study the optimal generation of entanglement between two qubits subject to local unitary control. With the only assumptions of linear control and unitary dynamics, by means of a numerical protocol based on the variational approach (Pontryagin's Minimum Principle), we evaluate the optimal control strategy leading to the maximal achievable entanglement in an arbitrary interaction time, taking into account the energy cost associated to the controls. In our model we can arbitrarily choose the relative weight between a large entanglement and a small energy cost.
quant-ph
we study the optimal generation of entanglement between two qubits subject to local unitary control with the only assumptions of linear control and unitary dynamics by means of a numerical protocol based on the variational approach pontryagins minimum principle we evaluate the optimal control strategy leading to the maximal achievable entanglement in an arbitrary interaction time taking into account the energy cost associated to the controls in our model we can arbitrarily choose the relative weight between a large entanglement and a small energy cost
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707.1635
Principal $\hat{sl}(3)$ subspaces and quantum Toda Hamiltonian
We study a class of representations of the Lie algebra of Laurent polynomials with values in the nilpotent subalgebra of sl(3). We derive Weyl-type (bosonic) character formulas for these representations. We establish a connection between the bosonic formulas and the Whittaker vector in the Verma module for the quantum group $U_v sl(3)$. We also obtain a fermionic formula for an eigenfunction of the sl(3) quantum Toda Hamiltonian.
math.QA math-ph math.MP
we study a class of representations of the lie algebra of laurent polynomials with values in the nilpotent subalgebra of sl3 we derive weyltype bosonic character formulas for these representations we establish a connection between the bosonic formulas and the whittaker vector in the verma module for the quantum group u_v sl3 we also obtain a fermionic formula for an eigenfunction of the sl3 quantum toda hamiltonian
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707.1636
Gravastar energy conditions revisited
We consider the gravastar model where the vacuum phase transition between the de Sitter interior and the Schwarzschild or Schwarzschild-de Sitter exterior geometries takes place at a single spherical delta-shell. We derive sharp analytic bounds on the surface compactness (2m/r) that follow from the requirement that the dominant energy condition (DEC) holds at the shell. In the case of Schwarzschild exterior, the highest surface compactness is achieved with the stiff shell in the limit of vanishing (dark) energy density in the interior. In the case of Schwarzschild-de Sitter exterior, in addition to the gravastar configurations with the shell under surface pressure, gravastar configurations with vanishing shell pressure (dust shells), as well as configurations with the shell under surface tension, are allowed by the DEC. Respective bounds on the surface compactness are derived for all cases. We also consider the speed of sound on the shell as derived from the requirement that the shell is stable against the radial perturbations. The causality requirement (sound speed not exceeding that of light) further restricts the space of allowed gravastar configurations.
gr-qc
we consider the gravastar model where the vacuum phase transition between the de sitter interior and the schwarzschild or schwarzschildde sitter exterior geometries takes place at a single spherical deltashell we derive sharp analytic bounds on the surface compactness 2mr that follow from the requirement that the dominant energy condition dec holds at the shell in the case of schwarzschild exterior the highest surface compactness is achieved with the stiff shell in the limit of vanishing dark energy density in the interior in the case of schwarzschildde sitter exterior in addition to the gravastar configurations with the shell under surface pressure gravastar configurations with vanishing shell pressure dust shells as well as configurations with the shell under surface tension are allowed by the dec respective bounds on the surface compactness are derived for all cases we also consider the speed of sound on the shell as derived from the requirement that the shell is stable against the radial perturbations the causality requirement sound speed not exceeding that of light further restricts the space of allowed gravastar configurations
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707.1637
A partial $A_\infty$-structure on the cohomology of $C_n\times C_m$
Suppose k is a field of characteristic 2, and $n,m\geq 4$ powers of 2. Then the $A_\infty$-structure of the group cohomology algebras $H^*(C_n,k)$ and $(H^*(C_m,k)$ are well known. We give results characterizing an $A_\infty$-structure on $H^*(C_n\times C_m,k)$ including limits on non-vanishing low-arity operations and an infinite family of non-vanishing higher operations.
math.KT math.AT math.RT
suppose k is a field of characteristic 2 and nmgeq 4 powers of 2 then the a_inftystructure of the group cohomology algebras hc_nk and hc_mk are well known we give results characterizing an a_inftystructure on hc_ntimes c_mk including limits on nonvanishing lowarity operations and an infinite family of nonvanishing higher operations
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707.1638
Quantum Limits in Nanomechanical Systems
In two articles, the authors claim that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle limits the precision of simultaneous measurements of the position and velocity of a particle and refer to experimental evidence that supports their claim. It is true that ever since the inception of quantum mechanics, the uncertainty relation that corresponds to a pair of observables represented by non-commuting operators is interpreted by many scientists and engineers, including Heisenberg himself, as a limitation on the accuracy with which observables can be measured. However, such a limitation cannot be deduced from the postulates and theorems of quantum thermodynamics.
physics.gen-ph
in two articles the authors claim that the heisenberg uncertainty principle limits the precision of simultaneous measurements of the position and velocity of a particle and refer to experimental evidence that supports their claim it is true that ever since the inception of quantum mechanics the uncertainty relation that corresponds to a pair of observables represented by noncommuting operators is interpreted by many scientists and engineers including heisenberg himself as a limitation on the accuracy with which observables can be measured however such a limitation cannot be deduced from the postulates and theorems of quantum thermodynamics
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707.1639
Interface groups and financial transfer architectures
Analytic execution architectures have been proposed by the same authors as a means to conceptualize the cooperation between heterogeneous collectives of components such as programs, threads, states and services. Interface groups have been proposed as a means to formalize interface information concerning analytic execution architectures. These concepts are adapted to organization architectures with a focus on financial transfers. Interface groups (and monoids) now provide a technique to combine interface elements into interfaces with the flexibility to distinguish between directions of flow dependent on entity naming. The main principle exploiting interface groups is that when composing a closed system of a collection of interacting components, the sum of their interfaces must vanish in the interface group modulo reflection. This certainly matters for financial transfer interfaces. As an example of this, we specify an interface group and within it some specific interfaces concerning the financial transfer architecture for a part of our local academic organization. Financial transfer interface groups arise as a special case of more general service architecture interfaces.
cs.SE
analytic execution architectures have been proposed by the same authors as a means to conceptualize the cooperation between heterogeneous collectives of components such as programs threads states and services interface groups have been proposed as a means to formalize interface information concerning analytic execution architectures these concepts are adapted to organization architectures with a focus on financial transfers interface groups and monoids now provide a technique to combine interface elements into interfaces with the flexibility to distinguish between directions of flow dependent on entity naming the main principle exploiting interface groups is that when composing a closed system of a collection of interacting components the sum of their interfaces must vanish in the interface group modulo reflection this certainly matters for financial transfer interfaces as an example of this we specify an interface group and within it some specific interfaces concerning the financial transfer architecture for a part of our local academic organization financial transfer interface groups arise as a special case of more general service architecture interfaces
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707.164
Asymptotic regimes for the occupancy scheme of multiplicative cascades
In the classical occupancy scheme, one considers a fixed discrete probability measure ${\bf p}=(p_i: {i\in{\cal I}})$ and throws balls independently at random in boxes labeled by ${\cal I}$, such that $p_i$ is the probability that a given ball falls into the box $i$. In this work, we are interested in asymptotic regimes of this scheme in the situation induced by a refining sequence $({\bf p}(k) : k\in\N)$ of random probability measures which arise from some multiplicative cascade. Our motivation comes from the study of the asymptotic behavior of certain fragmentation chains
math.PR
in the classical occupancy scheme one considers a fixed discrete probability measure bf pp_i iincal i and throws balls independently at random in boxes labeled by cal i such that p_i is the probability that a given ball falls into the box i in this work we are interested in asymptotic regimes of this scheme in the situation induced by a refining sequence bf pk kinn of random probability measures which arise from some multiplicative cascade our motivation comes from the study of the asymptotic behavior of certain fragmentation chains
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707.1641
PPN as Explosions: Bullets vs Jets and Nebular Shaping
Many proto-planetary nebulae (PPN) appear as narrow collimated structures sometimes showing multiple, roughly aligned lobes. In addition, many PPN flows have been shown to have short acceleration times. In this paper we explore whether jet or ``bullet'' (a massive clump) models fit the observations of individual collimated lobes adequately by comparing simulations of both radiatively cooled (stable) jets and bullets. We find that the clump model is somewhat favored over jets because (1) it leads to greater collimation of outflows (2) it accounts better and more naturally for ring-like structures observed in the PPN CRL 618, and (3) it is more successful in reproducing the Hubble-flow character of observed kinematics in some PPN. In addition, bullets naturally account for observed multipolar flows, since the likely MHD launch mechanisms required to drive outflows make multiple non-aligned jets unlikely. Thus we argue that PPN outflows may be driven by explosive MHD launch mechanisms such as those discussed in the context of supernovae (SNe) and gamma-ray bursts(GRB).
astro-ph
many protoplanetary nebulae ppn appear as narrow collimated structures sometimes showing multiple roughly aligned lobes in addition many ppn flows have been shown to have short acceleration times in this paper we explore whether jet or bullet a massive clump models fit the observations of individual collimated lobes adequately by comparing simulations of both radiatively cooled stable jets and bullets we find that the clump model is somewhat favored over jets because 1 it leads to greater collimation of outflows 2 it accounts better and more naturally for ringlike structures observed in the ppn crl 618 and 3 it is more successful in reproducing the hubbleflow character of observed kinematics in some ppn in addition bullets naturally account for observed multipolar flows since the likely mhd launch mechanisms required to drive outflows make multiple nonaligned jets unlikely thus we argue that ppn outflows may be driven by explosive mhd launch mechanisms such as those discussed in the context of supernovae sne and gammaray burstsgrb
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707.1642
Polarization aspects in radiative neutralino production
We study the impact of beam polarization on radiative neutralino production e+e- \to \chi^0_1 \chi^0_1 photon at the International Linear Collider. We show that longitudinal polarized beams significantly enhance the signal and simultaneously reduce the Standard Model background from radiative neutrino production e+e- \to \nu \bar\nu photon. We point out that the radiative production of neutralinos could be the only accessible SUSY particles, if neutralinos, charginos, sleptons, as well as squarks and gluinos are too heavy to be pair-produced in the first stage of the ILC at sqrt{s} = 500 GeV.
hep-ph
we study the impact of beam polarization on radiative neutralino production ee to chi0_1 chi0_1 photon at the international linear collider we show that longitudinal polarized beams significantly enhance the signal and simultaneously reduce the standard model background from radiative neutrino production ee to nu barnu photon we point out that the radiative production of neutralinos could be the only accessible susy particles if neutralinos charginos sleptons as well as squarks and gluinos are too heavy to be pairproduced in the first stage of the ilc at sqrts 500 gev
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707.1643
Birational Calabi-Yau 3-folds and BPS state counting
This paper contains some applications of Bridgeland-Douglas stability conditions on triangulated categories, and Joyce's work on counting invariants of semistable objects, to the study of birational geometry. We introduce the notion of motivic Gopakumar-Vafa invariants as counting invariants of D2-branes, and show that they are invariant under birational transformations between Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The result is similar to the fact that birational Calabi-Yau 3-folds have the same betti numbers or Hodge numbers.
math.AG
this paper contains some applications of bridgelanddouglas stability conditions on triangulated categories and joyces work on counting invariants of semistable objects to the study of birational geometry we introduce the notion of motivic gopakumarvafa invariants as counting invariants of d2branes and show that they are invariant under birational transformations between calabiyau 3folds the result is similar to the fact that birational calabiyau 3folds have the same betti numbers or hodge numbers
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707.1644
Fast and Simple Relational Processing of Uncertain Data
This paper introduces U-relations, a succinct and purely relational representation system for uncertain databases. U-relations support attribute-level uncertainty using vertical partitioning. If we consider positive relational algebra extended by an operation for computing possible answers, a query on the logical level can be translated into, and evaluated as, a single relational algebra query on the U-relation representation. The translation scheme essentially preserves the size of the query in terms of number of operations and, in particular, number of joins. Standard techniques employed in off-the-shelf relational database management systems are effective for optimizing and processing queries on U-relations. In our experiments we show that query evaluation on U-relations scales to large amounts of data with high degrees of uncertainty.
cs.DB cs.PF
this paper introduces urelations a succinct and purely relational representation system for uncertain databases urelations support attributelevel uncertainty using vertical partitioning if we consider positive relational algebra extended by an operation for computing possible answers a query on the logical level can be translated into and evaluated as a single relational algebra query on the urelation representation the translation scheme essentially preserves the size of the query in terms of number of operations and in particular number of joins standard techniques employed in offtheshelf relational database management systems are effective for optimizing and processing queries on urelations in our experiments we show that query evaluation on urelations scales to large amounts of data with high degrees of uncertainty
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707.1645
Decoherence in a Two Slit Diffraction Experiment with Massive Particles
Matter-wave interferometry has been largely studied in the last few years. Usually, the main problem in the analysis of the diffraction experiments is to establish the causes for the loss of coherence observed in the interference pattern. In this work, we use different type of environmental couplings to model a two slit diffraction experiment with massive particles. For each model, we study the effects of decoherence on the interference pattern and define a visibility function that measures the loss of contrast of the interference fringes on a distant screen. Finally, we apply our results to the experimental reported data on massive particles $C_{70}$.
quant-ph cond-mat.other hep-ph
matterwave interferometry has been largely studied in the last few years usually the main problem in the analysis of the diffraction experiments is to establish the causes for the loss of coherence observed in the interference pattern in this work we use different type of environmental couplings to model a two slit diffraction experiment with massive particles for each model we study the effects of decoherence on the interference pattern and define a visibility function that measures the loss of contrast of the interference fringes on a distant screen finally we apply our results to the experimental reported data on massive particles c_70
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707.1646
Fuzzy communities and the concept of bridgeness in complex networks
We consider the problem of fuzzy community detection in networks, which complements and expands the concept of overlapping community structure. Our approach allows each vertex of the graph to belong to multiple communities at the same time, determined by exact numerical membership degrees, even in the presence of uncertainty in the data being analyzed. We created an algorithm for determining the optimal membership degrees with respect to a given goal function. Based on the membership degrees, we introduce a new measure that is able to identify outlier vertices that do not belong to any of the communities, bridge vertices that belong significantly to more than one single community, and regular vertices that fundamentally restrict their interactions within their own community, while also being able to quantify the centrality of a vertex with respect to its dominant community. The method can also be used for prediction in case of uncertainty in the dataset analyzed. The number of communities can be given in advance, or determined by the algorithm itself using a fuzzified variant of the modularity function. The technique is able to discover the fuzzy community structure of different real world networks including, but not limited to social networks, scientific collaboration networks and cortical networks with high confidence.
physics.soc-ph
we consider the problem of fuzzy community detection in networks which complements and expands the concept of overlapping community structure our approach allows each vertex of the graph to belong to multiple communities at the same time determined by exact numerical membership degrees even in the presence of uncertainty in the data being analyzed we created an algorithm for determining the optimal membership degrees with respect to a given goal function based on the membership degrees we introduce a new measure that is able to identify outlier vertices that do not belong to any of the communities bridge vertices that belong significantly to more than one single community and regular vertices that fundamentally restrict their interactions within their own community while also being able to quantify the centrality of a vertex with respect to its dominant community the method can also be used for prediction in case of uncertainty in the dataset analyzed the number of communities can be given in advance or determined by the algorithm itself using a fuzzified variant of the modularity function the technique is able to discover the fuzzy community structure of different real world networks including but not limited to social networks scientific collaboration networks and cortical networks with high confidence
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707.1647
Testing models of inflation with CMB non-gaussianity
Two different predictions for the primordial curvature fluctuation bispectrum are compared through their effects on the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuations. The first has a local form described by a single parameter f_{NL}. The second is based on a prediction from the warm inflationary scenario, with a different dependence on wavenumber and a parameter f_{WI}. New expressions are obtained for the angular bispectra of the temperature fluctuations and for the estimators used to determine $f_{NL}$ and f_{WI}. The standard deviation of the estimators in an ideal experiment is roughly 5 times larger for f_{WI} than for f_{NL}. Using 3 year WMAP data gives limits -375<f_{WI}<36.8, but there is a possibility of detecting a signal for f_{WI} from the Planck satellite.
astro-ph
two different predictions for the primordial curvature fluctuation bispectrum are compared through their effects on the cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations the first has a local form described by a single parameter f_nl the second is based on a prediction from the warm inflationary scenario with a different dependence on wavenumber and a parameter f_wi new expressions are obtained for the angular bispectra of the temperature fluctuations and for the estimators used to determine f_nl and f_wi the standard deviation of the estimators in an ideal experiment is roughly 5 times larger for f_wi than for f_nl using 3 year wmap data gives limits 375f_wi368 but there is a possibility of detecting a signal for f_wi from the planck satellite
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707.1648
Evidence for the B0->ppbarK*0 and B+->eta_cK*+ decays and Study of the Decay Dynamics of B Meson Decays into ppbarh Final States
With a sample of 232x10^6 Upsilon(4S)->BBbar events collected with the BaBar detector, we study the decays of B mesons to ppbarh final states, where h=pi+,Ks,K*0 or K*+. We report evidence for the B->ppbarK*0 decay, with a branching fraction (1.5+/-0.5(stat)+/-0.4(syst))x10^-6, and for the B+->eta_cK*+ decay, with the branching fraction of Br(B+->eta_cK*+)xBr(eta_c->ppbar)=(1.57^{+0.56}_{-0.45}(stat)^{+0.46}_{-0.36}(syst))x10^-6, and provide improved measurements of the branching fractions of the other modes of this type. We also report the measurements of the charge asymmetry consistent with zero in the B+->ppbarpi+, B0->ppbarK*0 and B+->ppbarK*+ modes. No evidence is found for the pentaquark candidate Theta+ in the mass range 1.52 to 1.55 GeV/c^2, decaying into pKs, or the glueball candidate fJ(2220) in the mass range 2.2<mppbar<2.4GeV/c^2, and branching fraction limits are established for both at the 10^-7 level.
hep-ex
with a sample of 232x106 upsilon4sbbbar events collected with the babar detector we study the decays of b mesons to ppbarh final states where hpiksk0 or k we report evidence for the bppbark0 decay with a branching fraction 1505stat04systx106 and for the beta_ck decay with the branching fraction of brbeta_ckxbreta_cppbar157056_045stat046_036systx106 and provide improved measurements of the branching fractions of the other modes of this type we also report the measurements of the charge asymmetry consistent with zero in the bppbarpi b0ppbark0 and bppbark modes no evidence is found for the pentaquark candidate theta in the mass range 152 to 155 gevc2 decaying into pks or the glueball candidate fj2220 in the mass range 22mppbar24gevc2 and branching fraction limits are established for both at the 107 level
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707.1649
One-dimensional superfluid Bose-Fermi mixture: mixing, demixing and bright solitons
We study a ultra-cold and dilute superfluid Bose-Fermi mixture confined in a strictly one-dimensional atomic waveguide by using a set of coupled nonlinear mean-field equations obtained from the Lieb-Liniger energy density for bosons and the Gaudin-Yang energy density for fermions. We consider a finite Bose-Fermi inter-atomic strength g_{bf} and both periodic and open boundary conditions. We find that with periodic boundary conditions, i.e. in a quasi-1D ring, a uniform Bose-Fermi mixture is stable only with a large fermionic density. We predict that at small fermionic densities the ground state of the system displays demixing if g_{bf}>0 and may become a localized Bose-Fermi bright soliton for g_{bf}<0. Finally, we show, using variational and numerical solution of the mean-field equations, that with open boundary conditions, i.e. in a quasi-1D cylinder, the Bose-Fermi bright soliton is the unique ground state of the system with a finite number of particles, which could exhibit a partial mixing-demixing transition. In this case the bright solitons are demonstrated to be dynamically stable. The experimental realization of these Bose-Fermi bright solitons seems possible with present setups.
cond-mat.other nlin.PS
we study a ultracold and dilute superfluid bosefermi mixture confined in a strictly onedimensional atomic waveguide by using a set of coupled nonlinear meanfield equations obtained from the liebliniger energy density for bosons and the gaudinyang energy density for fermions we consider a finite bosefermi interatomic strength g_bf and both periodic and open boundary conditions we find that with periodic boundary conditions ie in a quasi1d ring a uniform bosefermi mixture is stable only with a large fermionic density we predict that at small fermionic densities the ground state of the system displays demixing if g_bf0 and may become a localized bosefermi bright soliton for g_bf0 finally we show using variational and numerical solution of the meanfield equations that with open boundary conditions ie in a quasi1d cylinder the bosefermi bright soliton is the unique ground state of the system with a finite number of particles which could exhibit a partial mixingdemixing transition in this case the bright solitons are demonstrated to be dynamically stable the experimental realization of these bosefermi bright solitons seems possible with present setups
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707.165
Short-time dynamics in presence of wave-particles interactions: a perturbative approach
The self-consistent interaction between a beam of charged particles and a wave is considered, within a Vlasov picture. The model is discussed with reference to the case of a Free Electron Laser. Starting with a spatially bunched waterbag distribution, we derive, via perturbative methods, closed analytical expressions for the time evolution of the main macroscopic observables. Predictions of the theory are shown to agree with direct numerical simulations.
math-ph math.MP
the selfconsistent interaction between a beam of charged particles and a wave is considered within a vlasov picture the model is discussed with reference to the case of a free electron laser starting with a spatially bunched waterbag distribution we derive via perturbative methods closed analytical expressions for the time evolution of the main macroscopic observables predictions of the theory are shown to agree with direct numerical simulations
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707.1651
Local SU(5) Unification from the Heterotic String
We construct a 6D supergravity theory which emerges as intermediate step in the compactification of the heterotic string to the supersymmetric standard model in four dimensions. The theory has N=2 supersymmetry and a gravitational sector with one tensor and two hypermultiplets in addition to the supergravity multiplet. Compactification to four dimensions occurs on a T^2/Z_2 orbifold which has two inequivalent pairs of fixed points with unbroken SU(5) and SU(2)xSU(4) symmetry, respectively. All gauge, gravitational and mixed anomalies are cancelled by the Green-Schwarz mechanism. The model has partial 6D gauge-Higgs unification. Two quark-lepton generations are localized at the SU(5) branes, the third family is composed of split bulk hypermultiplets. The top Yukawa coupling is given by the 6D gauge coupling, all other Yukawa couplings are generated by higher-dimensional operators at the SU(5) branes. The presence of the SU(2)xSU(4) brane breaks SU(5) and generates split gauge and Higgs multiplets with N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions. The third generation is obtained from two split \bar{5}-plets and two split 10-plets, which together have the quantum numbers of one \bar{5}-plet and one 10-plet. This avoids unsuccessful SU(5) predictions for Yukawa couplings of ordinary 4D SU(5) grand unified theories.
hep-ph hep-th
we construct a 6d supergravity theory which emerges as intermediate step in the compactification of the heterotic string to the supersymmetric standard model in four dimensions the theory has n2 supersymmetry and a gravitational sector with one tensor and two hypermultiplets in addition to the supergravity multiplet compactification to four dimensions occurs on a t2z_2 orbifold which has two inequivalent pairs of fixed points with unbroken su5 and su2xsu4 symmetry respectively all gauge gravitational and mixed anomalies are cancelled by the greenschwarz mechanism the model has partial 6d gaugehiggs unification two quarklepton generations are localized at the su5 branes the third family is composed of split bulk hypermultiplets the top yukawa coupling is given by the 6d gauge coupling all other yukawa couplings are generated by higherdimensional operators at the su5 branes the presence of the su2xsu4 brane breaks su5 and generates split gauge and higgs multiplets with n1 supersymmetry in four dimensions the third generation is obtained from two split bar5plets and two split 10plets which together have the quantum numbers of one bar5plet and one 10plet this avoids unsuccessful su5 predictions for yukawa couplings of ordinary 4d su5 grand unified theories
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707.1652
The Offline Software Framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to unveil the nature and the origins of the highest energy cosmic rays. The large and geographically dispersed collaboration of physicists and the wide-ranging collection of simulation and reconstruction tasks pose some special challenges for the offline analysis software. We have designed and implemented a general purpose framework which allows collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to build up the variety of applications they require. The framework includes machinery to manage these user codes, to organize the abundance of user-contributed configuration files, to facilitate multi-format file handling, and to provide access to event and time-dependent detector information which can reside in various data sources. A number of utilities are also provided, including a novel geometry package which allows manipulation of abstract geometrical objects independent of coordinate system choice. The framework is implemented in C++, and takes advantage of object oriented design and common open source tools, while keeping the user side simple enough for C++ novices to learn in a reasonable time. The distribution system incorporates unit and acceptance testing in order to support rapid development of both the core framework and contributed user code.
astro-ph
the pierre auger observatory is designed to unveil the nature and the origins of the highest energy cosmic rays the large and geographically dispersed collaboration of physicists and the wideranging collection of simulation and reconstruction tasks pose some special challenges for the offline analysis software we have designed and implemented a general purpose framework which allows collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to build up the variety of applications they require the framework includes machinery to manage these user codes to organize the abundance of usercontributed configuration files to facilitate multiformat file handling and to provide access to event and timedependent detector information which can reside in various data sources a number of utilities are also provided including a novel geometry package which allows manipulation of abstract geometrical objects independent of coordinate system choice the framework is implemented in c and takes advantage of object oriented design and common open source tools while keeping the user side simple enough for c novices to learn in a reasonable time the distribution system incorporates unit and acceptance testing in order to support rapid development of both the core framework and contributed user code
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707.1653
Dynamical instability in kicked Bose-Einstein condensates: Bogoliubov resonances
Bose-Einstein condensates subject to short pulses (`kicks') from standing waves of light represent a nonlinear analogue of the well-known chaos paradigm, the quantum kicked rotor. Previous studies of the onset of dynamical instability (ie exponential proliferation of non-condensate particles) suggested that the transition to instability might be associated with a transition to chaos. Here we conclude instead that instability is due to resonant driving of Bogoliubov modes. We investigate the excitation of Bogoliubov modes for both the quantum kicked rotor (QKR) and a variant, the double kicked rotor (QKR-2). We present an analytical model, valid in the limit of weak impulses which correctly gives the scaling properties of the resonances and yields good agreement with mean-field numerics.
quant-ph
boseeinstein condensates subject to short pulses kicks from standing waves of light represent a nonlinear analogue of the wellknown chaos paradigm the quantum kicked rotor previous studies of the onset of dynamical instability ie exponential proliferation of noncondensate particles suggested that the transition to instability might be associated with a transition to chaos here we conclude instead that instability is due to resonant driving of bogoliubov modes we investigate the excitation of bogoliubov modes for both the quantum kicked rotor qkr and a variant the double kicked rotor qkr2 we present an analytical model valid in the limit of weak impulses which correctly gives the scaling properties of the resonances and yields good agreement with meanfield numerics
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707.1654
Strong pickup-channel coupling effects in proton scattering: the case of p + Be-10
The dynamic polarization potential (DPP) contribution to the effective proton-nucleus interaction, that is due to the coupling of deuteron channels, is evaluated by applying $S_{lj} \to V(r)$ inversion to the elastic channel $S$-matrix from coupled reaction channel calculations of proton elastic scattering. This was done for protons scattering from $^{10}$Be at 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 MeV; non-orthogonality corrections were included. We find a consistent pattern of a repulsive real and an absorptive imaginary DPP, with the absorption shifted to a larger radius. This is consistent with what has been found for proton scattering from the neutron skin nucleus $^8$He. The DPP is not of a form that can be represented by a renormalization of the bare potential, and has properties suggesting an underlying non-local process. We conclude that deuteron channels cannot be omitted from a full theoretical description of the proton-nucleus interaction (optical potential).
nucl-th
the dynamic polarization potential dpp contribution to the effective protonnucleus interaction that is due to the coupling of deuteron channels is evaluated by applying s_lj to vr inversion to the elastic channel smatrix from coupled reaction channel calculations of proton elastic scattering this was done for protons scattering from 10be at 12 13 14 15 and 16 mev nonorthogonality corrections were included we find a consistent pattern of a repulsive real and an absorptive imaginary dpp with the absorption shifted to a larger radius this is consistent with what has been found for proton scattering from the neutron skin nucleus 8he the dpp is not of a form that can be represented by a renormalization of the bare potential and has properties suggesting an underlying nonlocal process we conclude that deuteron channels cannot be omitted from a full theoretical description of the protonnucleus interaction optical potential
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707.1655
PT-symmetric Models with O(N) Symmetry
We construct PT-symmetric quantum mechanical models with an O(N)-symmetric interaction term of the form $-g(\vec{x}^{2})^{2}/N$. Using functional integral methods, we find the equivalent Hermitian model, which has several unusual features. The effective potential obtained in the large-N limit of the Hermitian form is shown to be identical to the form obtained from the original PT-symmetric model using familiar constraint field methods. The analogous constraint field prescription in four dimensions suggests that $-g(\vec{\phi}^{2})^{2}/N$ PT-symmetric scalar field theories are asymptotically free.
hep-th
we construct ptsymmetric quantum mechanical models with an onsymmetric interaction term of the form gvecx22n using functional integral methods we find the equivalent hermitian model which has several unusual features the effective potential obtained in the largen limit of the hermitian form is shown to be identical to the form obtained from the original ptsymmetric model using familiar constraint field methods the analogous constraint field prescription in four dimensions suggests that gvecphi22n ptsymmetric scalar field theories are asymptotically free
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707.1656
Electrical control of spin relaxation in a quantum dot
We demonstrate electrical control of the spin relaxation time T_1 between Zeeman split spin states of a single electron in a lateral quantum dot. We find that relaxation is mediated by the spin-orbit interaction, and by manipulating the orbital states of the dot using gate voltages we vary the relaxation rate W= (T_1)^-1 by over an order of magnitude. The dependence of W on orbital confinement agrees with theoretical predictions and from these data we extract the spin-orbit length. We also measure the dependence of W on magnetic field and demonstrate that spin-orbit mediated coupling to phonons is the dominant relaxation mechanism down to 1T, where T_1 exceeds 1s.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we demonstrate electrical control of the spin relaxation time t_1 between zeeman split spin states of a single electron in a lateral quantum dot we find that relaxation is mediated by the spinorbit interaction and by manipulating the orbital states of the dot using gate voltages we vary the relaxation rate w t_11 by over an order of magnitude the dependence of w on orbital confinement agrees with theoretical predictions and from these data we extract the spinorbit length we also measure the dependence of w on magnetic field and demonstrate that spinorbit mediated coupling to phonons is the dominant relaxation mechanism down to 1t where t_1 exceeds 1s
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707.1657
Observation of Spin-glass-like Behavior in SrRuO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
We report the observation of spin-glass-like behavior and strong magnetic anisotropy in extremely smooth (~1-3 \AA) roughness) epitaxial (110) and (010) SrRuO3 thin films. The easy axis of magnetization is always perpendicular to the plane of the film (unidirectional) irrespective of crystallographic orientation. An attempt has been made to understand the nature and origin of spin-glass behavior, which fits well with Heisenberg model.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
we report the observation of spinglasslike behavior and strong magnetic anisotropy in extremely smooth 13 aa roughness epitaxial 110 and 010 srruo3 thin films the easy axis of magnetization is always perpendicular to the plane of the film unidirectional irrespective of crystallographic orientation an attempt has been made to understand the nature and origin of spinglass behavior which fits well with heisenberg model
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707.1658
$\tau$ electric dipole moment with polarized beams
High luminosity Super B/Flavor factories, near and on top of the $\Upsilon$ resonances, allow for a detailed investigation of CP-violation in $\tau$ physics. In particular, bounds on the $\tau$ electric dipole moment can be obtained from CP-odd observables. We perform an independent analysis from other low and high energy data. For polarized electron beam a CP-odd asymmetry, associated to the normal polarization term, can be used to set stringent bounds on the $\tau$ electric dipole moment.
hep-ph
high luminosity super bflavor factories near and on top of the upsilon resonances allow for a detailed investigation of cpviolation in tau physics in particular bounds on the tau electric dipole moment can be obtained from cpodd observables we perform an independent analysis from other low and high energy data for polarized electron beam a cpodd asymmetry associated to the normal polarization term can be used to set stringent bounds on the tau electric dipole moment
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707.1659
Shock probes in a one-dimensional Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn model
We consider shock probes in a one-dimensional driven diffusive medium with nearest neighbor Ising interaction (KLS model). Earlier studies based on an approximate mapping of the present system to an effective zero-range process concluded that the exponents characterising the decays of several static and dynamical correlation functions of the probes depend continuously on the strength of the Ising interaction. On the contrary, our numerical simulations indicate that over a substantial range of the interaction strength, these exponents remain constant and their values are the same as in the case of no interaction (when the medium executes an ASEP). We demonstrate this by numerical studies of several dynamical correlation functions for two probes and also for a macroscopic number of probes. Our results are consistent with the expectation that the short-ranged correlations induced by the Ising interaction should not affect the large time and large distance properties of the system, implying that scaling forms remain the same as in the medium with no interactions present.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we consider shock probes in a onedimensional driven diffusive medium with nearest neighbor ising interaction kls model earlier studies based on an approximate mapping of the present system to an effective zerorange process concluded that the exponents characterising the decays of several static and dynamical correlation functions of the probes depend continuously on the strength of the ising interaction on the contrary our numerical simulations indicate that over a substantial range of the interaction strength these exponents remain constant and their values are the same as in the case of no interaction when the medium executes an asep we demonstrate this by numerical studies of several dynamical correlation functions for two probes and also for a macroscopic number of probes our results are consistent with the expectation that the shortranged correlations induced by the ising interaction should not affect the large time and large distance properties of the system implying that scaling forms remain the same as in the medium with no interactions present
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707.166
Accardi complementarity for -1/2 < mu < 0 and related results
We show (an earlier conjecture of the last two authors) that the momentum and position operators of mu-deformed quantum mechanics for -1/2 < mu < 0 are not Accardi complementary. We also prove some related formulas that were conjectured by the same authors.
math-ph math.MP
we show an earlier conjecture of the last two authors that the momentum and position operators of mudeformed quantum mechanics for 12 mu 0 are not accardi complementary we also prove some related formulas that were conjectured by the same authors
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707.1661
Vanishing of the upper critical field in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta} from Landau-Ott scaling
We apply Landau-Ott scaling to the reversible magnetization data of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ published by Y. Wang et al. [\emph{Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{95} 247002 (2005)}] and find that the extrapolation of the Landau-Ott upper critical field line vanishes at a critical temperature parameter, T^*_c, a few degrees above the zero resistivity critical temperature, T_c. Only isothermal curves below and near to T_c were used to determine this transition temperature. This temperature is associated to the disappearance of the mixed state instead of a complete suppression of superconductivity in the sample.
cond-mat.supr-con
we apply landauott scaling to the reversible magnetization data of bi_2sr_2cacu_2o_8delta published by y wang et al emphphys rev lett textbf95 247002 2005 and find that the extrapolation of the landauott upper critical field line vanishes at a critical temperature parameter t_c a few degrees above the zero resistivity critical temperature t_c only isothermal curves below and near to t_c were used to determine this transition temperature this temperature is associated to the disappearance of the mixed state instead of a complete suppression of superconductivity in the sample
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707.1662
Black hole masses and enrichment of z ~ 6 SDSS quasars
We present sensitive near-infrared spectroscopic observations for a sample of five z ~ 6 quasars. These are amongst the most distant, currently known quasars in the universe. The spectra have been obtained using ISAAC at the VLT and include the CIV, MgII and FeII lines. We measure the FeII/MgII line ratio, as an observational proxy for the Fe/alpha element ratio. We derive a ratio of 2.7+/-0.8 for our sample, which is similar to that found for lower redshift quasars, i.e., we provide additional evidence for the lack of evolution in the FeII/MgII line ratio of quasars up to the highest redshifts. This result demonstrates that the sample quasars must have undergone a major episode of iron enrichment in less than one Gyr and star formation must have commenced at z > 8. The linewidths of the MgII and CIV lines give two estimates for the black hole masses. A third estimate is given by assuming that the quasars emit at their Eddington luminosity. The derived masses using these three methods agree well, implying that the quasars are not likely to be strongly lensed. We derive central black hole masses of 0.3-5.2 10^9 solar masses. We use the difference between the redshift of MgII (a proxy for the systemic redshift of the quasar) and the onset of the Gunn Peterson trough to derive the extent of the ionized Stromgren spheres around our target quasars. The derived physical radii are about five Mpc. Using a simple ionization model, the emission of the central quasars would need of order 10^6-10^8 year to create these cavities in a surrounding intergalactic medium with a neutral fraction between 0.1 and 1.0. As the e-folding time scale for the central accreting black hole is on the order of a few times 10^7 year, it can grow by one e-folding or less within this time span.
astro-ph
we present sensitive nearinfrared spectroscopic observations for a sample of five z 6 quasars these are amongst the most distant currently known quasars in the universe the spectra have been obtained using isaac at the vlt and include the civ mgii and feii lines we measure the feiimgii line ratio as an observational proxy for the fealpha element ratio we derive a ratio of 2708 for our sample which is similar to that found for lower redshift quasars ie we provide additional evidence for the lack of evolution in the feiimgii line ratio of quasars up to the highest redshifts this result demonstrates that the sample quasars must have undergone a major episode of iron enrichment in less than one gyr and star formation must have commenced at z 8 the linewidths of the mgii and civ lines give two estimates for the black hole masses a third estimate is given by assuming that the quasars emit at their eddington luminosity the derived masses using these three methods agree well implying that the quasars are not likely to be strongly lensed we derive central black hole masses of 0352 109 solar masses we use the difference between the redshift of mgii a proxy for the systemic redshift of the quasar and the onset of the gunn peterson trough to derive the extent of the ionized stromgren spheres around our target quasars the derived physical radii are about five mpc using a simple ionization model the emission of the central quasars would need of order 106108 year to create these cavities in a surrounding intergalactic medium with a neutral fraction between 01 and 10 as the efolding time scale for the central accreting black hole is on the order of a few times 107 year it can grow by one efolding or less within this time span
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707.1663
Gemini Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Luminous z~6 Quasars: Chemical Abundances, Black Hole Masses, and MgII Absorption
We present Gemini near-infrared spectroscopic observations of six luminous quasars at z=5.8$\sim$6.3. Five of them were observed using Gemini-South/GNIRS, which provides a simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.9--2.5 $\mu$m in cross dispersion mode. The other source was observed in K band with Gemini-North/NIRI. We calculate line strengths for all detected emission lines and use their ratios to estimate gas metallicity in the broad-line regions of the quasars. The metallicity is found to be supersolar with a typical value of $\sim$4 Z_{\sun}, and a comparison with low-redshift observations shows no strong evolution in metallicity up to z$\sim$6. The FeII/MgII ratio of the quasars is 4.9+/-1.4, consistent with low-redshift measurements. We estimate central BH masses of 10^9 to 10^{10} M_{\sun} and Eddington luminosity ratios of order unity. We identify two MgII $\lambda\lambda$2796,2803 absorbers with rest equivalent width W_0^{\lambda2796}>1 \AA at 2.2<z<3 and three MgII absorbers with W_0^{\lambda2796}>1.5 \AA at z>3 in the spectra, with the two most distant absorbers at z=4.8668 and 4.8823, respectively. The redshift number densities (dN/dz) of MgII absorbers with W_0^{\lambda2796}>1.5 \AA are consistent with no cosmic evolution up to z>4.
astro-ph
we present gemini nearinfrared spectroscopic observations of six luminous quasars at z58sim63 five of them were observed using geminisouthgnirs which provides a simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0925 mum in cross dispersion mode the other source was observed in k band with gemininorthniri we calculate line strengths for all detected emission lines and use their ratios to estimate gas metallicity in the broadline regions of the quasars the metallicity is found to be supersolar with a typical value of sim4 z_sun and a comparison with lowredshift observations shows no strong evolution in metallicity up to zsim6 the feiimgii ratio of the quasars is 4914 consistent with lowredshift measurements we estimate central bh masses of 109 to 1010 m_sun and eddington luminosity ratios of order unity we identify two mgii lambdalambda27962803 absorbers with rest equivalent width w_0lambda27961 aa at 22z3 and three mgii absorbers with w_0lambda279615 aa at z3 in the spectra with the two most distant absorbers at z48668 and 48823 respectively the redshift number densities dndz of mgii absorbers with w_0lambda279615 aa are consistent with no cosmic evolution up to z4
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707.1664
Multipoint correlation functions in Liouville field theory and minimal Liouville gravity
We study n+3-point correlation functions of exponential fields in Liouville field theory with n degenerate and 3 arbitrary fields. An analytical expression for these correlation functions is derived in terms of Coulomb integrals. The application of these results to the minimal Liouville gravity is considered.
hep-th
we study n3point correlation functions of exponential fields in liouville field theory with n degenerate and 3 arbitrary fields an analytical expression for these correlation functions is derived in terms of coulomb integrals the application of these results to the minimal liouville gravity is considered
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707.1665
Interface effects at a half-metal/ferroelectric junction
Magnetoelectric effects are investigated ab-initio at the interface between half-metallic and ferroelectric prototypes: Heusler Co$_2$MnSi and perovskite BaTiO$_3$. For the Co-termination ferroelectricity develops in BaTiO$_3$ down to nanometer thicknesses, whereas for the MnSi-termination a paraelectric and a ferroelectric state energetically compete, calling for a full experimental control over the junction atomic configuration whenever a ferroelectric barrier is needed. Switch of the electric polarization largely affects magnetism in Co$_2$MnSi, with magnetoelectric coupling due to electronic hybridization at the MnSi termination and to structural effects at the Co-termination. Half-metallicity is lost at the interface, but recovered already in the subsurface layer.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
magnetoelectric effects are investigated abinitio at the interface between halfmetallic and ferroelectric prototypes heusler co_2mnsi and perovskite batio_3 for the cotermination ferroelectricity develops in batio_3 down to nanometer thicknesses whereas for the mnsitermination a paraelectric and a ferroelectric state energetically compete calling for a full experimental control over the junction atomic configuration whenever a ferroelectric barrier is needed switch of the electric polarization largely affects magnetism in co_2mnsi with magnetoelectric coupling due to electronic hybridization at the mnsi termination and to structural effects at the cotermination halfmetallicity is lost at the interface but recovered already in the subsurface layer
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707.1666
Velocity Renormalization and Carrier Lifetime in Graphene from Electron-Phonon Interaction
We present a first-principles investigation of the phonon-induced electron self-energy in graphene. The energy dependence of the self-energy reflects the peculiar linear bandstructure of graphene and deviates substantially from the usual metallic behavior. The effective band velocity of the Dirac fermions is found to be reduced by 4-8%, depending on doping, by the interaction with lattice vibrations. Our results are consistent with the observed linear dependence of the electronic linewidth on the binding energy in photoemission spectra.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we present a firstprinciples investigation of the phononinduced electron selfenergy in graphene the energy dependence of the selfenergy reflects the peculiar linear bandstructure of graphene and deviates substantially from the usual metallic behavior the effective band velocity of the dirac fermions is found to be reduced by 48 depending on doping by the interaction with lattice vibrations our results are consistent with the observed linear dependence of the electronic linewidth on the binding energy in photoemission spectra
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707.1667
Deformation Quantization of Nonholonomic Almost Kahler Models and Einstein Gravity
Nonholonomic distributions and adapted fame structures on (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds of even dimension are employed to build structures equivalent to almost Kahler geometry and which allows to perform a Fedosov-like quantization of gravity. The nonlinear connection formalism that was formally elaborated for Lagrange and Finsler geometry is implemented in classical and quantum Einstein gravity.
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP math.SG
nonholonomic distributions and adapted fame structures on pseudo riemannian manifolds of even dimension are employed to build structures equivalent to almost kahler geometry and which allows to perform a fedosovlike quantization of gravity the nonlinear connection formalism that was formally elaborated for lagrange and finsler geometry is implemented in classical and quantum einstein gravity
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707.1668
Good reductions of Shimura varieties of Hodge type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic. Part I
We prove the existence of good smooth integral models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic $(0,p)$. As a first application we provide a smooth solution (answer) to a conjecture (question) of Langlands for Shimura varieties of Hodge type. As a second application we prove the existence in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic $(0,p)$ of integral canonical models of projective Shimura varieties of Hodge type with respect to h--hyperspecial subgroups as pro-\'etale covers of N\'eron models; this forms progress towards the proof of conjectures of Milne and Reimann. Though the second application was known before in some cases, its proof is new and more of a principle.
math.NT math.AG
we prove the existence of good smooth integral models of shimura varieties of hodge type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic 0p as a first application we provide a smooth solution answer to a conjecture question of langlands for shimura varieties of hodge type as a second application we prove the existence in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic 0p of integral canonical models of projective shimura varieties of hodge type with respect to hhyperspecial subgroups as proetale covers of neron models this forms progress towards the proof of conjectures of milne and reimann though the second application was known before in some cases its proof is new and more of a principle
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707.1669
Quasi-conformal actions, quaternionic discrete series and twistors: SU(2,1) and G_2(2)
Quasi-conformal actions were introduced in the physics literature as a generalization of the familiar fractional linear action on the upper half plane, to Hermitian symmetric tube domains based on arbitrary Jordan algebras, and further to arbitrary Freudenthal triple systems. In the mathematics literature, quaternionic discrete series unitary representations of real reductive groups in their quaternionic real form were constructed as degree 1 cohomology on the twistor spaces of symmetric quaternionic-Kahler spaces. These two constructions are essentially identical, as we show explicitly for the two rank 2 cases SU(2,1) and G_{2(2)}. We obtain explicit results for certain principal series, quaternionic discrete series and minimal representations of these groups, including formulas for the lowest K-types in various polarizations. We expect our results to have applications to topological strings, black hole micro-state counting and to the theory of automorphic forms.
hep-th math.RT
quasiconformal actions were introduced in the physics literature as a generalization of the familiar fractional linear action on the upper half plane to hermitian symmetric tube domains based on arbitrary jordan algebras and further to arbitrary freudenthal triple systems in the mathematics literature quaternionic discrete series unitary representations of real reductive groups in their quaternionic real form were constructed as degree 1 cohomology on the twistor spaces of symmetric quaternionickahler spaces these two constructions are essentially identical as we show explicitly for the two rank 2 cases su21 and g_22 we obtain explicit results for certain principal series quaternionic discrete series and minimal representations of these groups including formulas for the lowest ktypes in various polarizations we expect our results to have applications to topological strings black hole microstate counting and to the theory of automorphic forms
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707.167
n-Boson Energies at Finite Volume and Three-Boson Interactions
We calculate the volume dependence of the ground-state energy of n identical bosons with short-range repulsive interactions in a periodic spatial volume of side L, up to and including terms of order 1/L^6. With this result, Lattice QCD calculations of the ground-state energies of three or more pions will allow for a systematic extraction of the three-pion interaction at this order in the volume expansion.
hep-lat hep-ph nucl-th
we calculate the volume dependence of the groundstate energy of n identical bosons with shortrange repulsive interactions in a periodic spatial volume of side l up to and including terms of order 1l6 with this result lattice qcd calculations of the groundstate energies of three or more pions will allow for a systematic extraction of the threepion interaction at this order in the volume expansion
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707.1671
Comment about the "Gravity coupled to a scalar field in extra dimensions" paper
Wehus and Ravndal have argued that in d + 1 dimensions the general solution for gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field can not be explicitly written in Schwarzschild coordinates. We contest these objections.
gr-qc
wehus and ravndal have argued that in d 1 dimensions the general solution for gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field can not be explicitly written in schwarzschild coordinates we contest these objections
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707.1672
Spreading of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual populations
The spread of sexually transmitted diseases (e.g. Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, HIV) across populations is a major concern for scientists and health agencies. In this context, both data collection on sexual contact networks and the modeling of disease spreading, are intensively contributing to the search for effective immunization policies. Here, the spreading of sexually transmitted diseases on bipartite scale-free graphs, representing heterosexual contact networks, is considered. We analytically derive the expression for the epidemic threshold and its dependence with the system size in finite populations. We show that the epidemic outbreak in bipartite populations, with number of sexual partners distributed as in empirical observations from national sex surveys, takes place for larger spreading rates than for the case in which the bipartite nature of the network is not taken into account. Numerical simulations confirm the validity of the theoretical results. Our findings indicate that the restriction to crossed infections between the two classes of individuals (males and females) has to be taken into account in the design of efficient immunization strategies for sexually transmitted diseases.
physics.soc-ph physics.bio-ph q-bio.OT
the spread of sexually transmitted diseases eg chlamydia syphilis gonorrhea hiv across populations is a major concern for scientists and health agencies in this context both data collection on sexual contact networks and the modeling of disease spreading are intensively contributing to the search for effective immunization policies here the spreading of sexually transmitted diseases on bipartite scalefree graphs representing heterosexual contact networks is considered we analytically derive the expression for the epidemic threshold and its dependence with the system size in finite populations we show that the epidemic outbreak in bipartite populations with number of sexual partners distributed as in empirical observations from national sex surveys takes place for larger spreading rates than for the case in which the bipartite nature of the network is not taken into account numerical simulations confirm the validity of the theoretical results our findings indicate that the restriction to crossed infections between the two classes of individuals males and females has to be taken into account in the design of efficient immunization strategies for sexually transmitted diseases
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707.1673
Disease spreading in populations of moving agents
We study the effect of motion on disease spreading in a system of random walkers which additionally perform long-distance jumps. A small percentage of jumps in the agent motion is sufficient to destroy the local correlations and to produce a large drop in the epidemic threshold, well explained in terms of a mean-field approximation. This effect is similar to the crossover found in static small-world networks, and can be furthermore linked to the structural properties of the dynamical network of agent interactions.
physics.soc-ph physics.bio-ph
we study the effect of motion on disease spreading in a system of random walkers which additionally perform longdistance jumps a small percentage of jumps in the agent motion is sufficient to destroy the local correlations and to produce a large drop in the epidemic threshold well explained in terms of a meanfield approximation this effect is similar to the crossover found in static smallworld networks and can be furthermore linked to the structural properties of the dynamical network of agent interactions
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707.1674
Resolutions of non-regular Ricci-flat Kahler cones
We present explicit constructions of complete Ricci-flat Kahler metrics that are asymptotic to cones over non-regular Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. The metrics are constructed from a complete Kahler-Einstein manifold (V,g_V) of positive Ricci curvature and admit a Hamiltonian two-form of order two. We obtain Ricci-flat Kahler metrics on the total spaces of (i) holomorphic C^2/Z_p orbifold fibrations over V, (ii) holomorphic orbifold fibrations over weighted projective spaces WCP^1, with generic fibres being the canonical complex cone over V, and (iii) the canonical orbifold line bundle over a family of Fano orbifolds. As special cases, we also obtain smooth complete Ricci-flat Kahler metrics on the total spaces of (a) rank two holomorphic vector bundles over V, and (b) the canonical line bundle over a family of geometrically ruled Fano manifolds with base V. When V=CP^1 our results give Ricci-flat Kahler orbifold metrics on various toric partial resolutions of the cone over the Sasaki-Einstein manifolds Y^{p,q}.
math.DG hep-th
we present explicit constructions of complete ricciflat kahler metrics that are asymptotic to cones over nonregular sasakieinstein manifolds the metrics are constructed from a complete kahlereinstein manifold vg_v of positive ricci curvature and admit a hamiltonian twoform of order two we obtain ricciflat kahler metrics on the total spaces of i holomorphic c2z_p orbifold fibrations over v ii holomorphic orbifold fibrations over weighted projective spaces wcp1 with generic fibres being the canonical complex cone over v and iii the canonical orbifold line bundle over a family of fano orbifolds as special cases we also obtain smooth complete ricciflat kahler metrics on the total spaces of a rank two holomorphic vector bundles over v and b the canonical line bundle over a family of geometrically ruled fano manifolds with base v when vcp1 our results give ricciflat kahler orbifold metrics on various toric partial resolutions of the cone over the sasakieinstein manifolds ypq
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707.1675
Dunajski generalization of the second heavenly equation: dressing method and the hierarchy
Dunajski generalization of the second heavenly equation is studied. A dressing scheme applicable to Dunajski equation is developed, an example of constructing solutions in terms of implicit functions is considered. Dunajski equation hierarchy is described, its Lax-Sato form is presented. Dunajsky equation hierarchy is characterized by conservation of three-dimensional volume form, in which a spectral variable is taken into account.
nlin.SI
dunajski generalization of the second heavenly equation is studied a dressing scheme applicable to dunajski equation is developed an example of constructing solutions in terms of implicit functions is considered dunajski equation hierarchy is described its laxsato form is presented dunajsky equation hierarchy is characterized by conservation of threedimensional volume form in which a spectral variable is taken into account
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707.1676
Near-flat space limit and Einstein manifolds
We study the near-flat space limit for strings on AdS(5)xM(5), where the internal manifold M(5) is equipped with a generic metric with U(1)xU(1)xU(1) isometry. In the bosonic sector, the limiting sigma model is similar to the one found for AdS(5)xS(5), as the global symmetries are reduced in the most general case. When M(5) is a Sasaki-Einstein space like T(1,1), Y(p,q) and L(p,q,r), whose dual CFT's have N=1 supersymmetry, the near-flat space limit gives the same bosonic sector of the sigma model found for AdS(5)xS(5). This indicates the generic presence of integrable subsectors in AdS/CFT.
hep-th
we study the nearflat space limit for strings on ads5xm5 where the internal manifold m5 is equipped with a generic metric with u1xu1xu1 isometry in the bosonic sector the limiting sigma model is similar to the one found for ads5xs5 as the global symmetries are reduced in the most general case when m5 is a sasakieinstein space like t11 ypq and lpqr whose dual cfts have n1 supersymmetry the nearflat space limit gives the same bosonic sector of the sigma model found for ads5xs5 this indicates the generic presence of integrable subsectors in adscft
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707.1677
Dynamical Eightfold Way in Strongly Coupled Lattice QCD
We obtain from the quark-gluon dynamics, the Gell'Mann-Ne'eman eightfold way baryons in an imaginary-time functional integral formulation of 3+1 lattice QCD in the strong coupling regime (small hopping parameter $\kappa>0$). The model has ${\rm SU}(3)_c$ gauge and global ${\rm SU}(3)_f$ flavor symmetries. In the subspace of the physical Hilbert space of vectors with an odd number of quarks, the baryons are associated with isolated dispersion curves in the energy-momentum spectrum. The spin 1/2 octet and spin 3/2 decuplet baryons have asymptotic mass $-3\ln\kappa$ and for each baryon there is an antibaryon with identical spectral properties. All the masses have the form $M=-3\ln\kappa-3\kappa^3/4+\kappa^6 r(\kappa)$, with $r(\kappa)$ real analytic. For each member of the octet $r(\kappa)$ is the same; for each member of the decuplet, $r(0)$ is the same. So, there is no mass splitting within the octet, and within the decuplet up to and including ${\cal O}(\kappa^6)$. However, there is an octet-decuplet mass difference of $3\kappa^6/4+{\cal O}(\kappa^7)$. The baryon and antibaryon spectrum is the only one up to near the meson-baryon threshold of nearly $-5\ln\kappa$. A decoupling of hyperplane method is used to naturally unveil the form of the baryon composite fields (no a priori guesswork), to show the existence of particles and their multiplicities using a spectral representation for the two-baryon correlation. We also obtain the (anti-)baryon dispersion curves which admit the representation $w(\kappa,\vec p)= -3\ln\kappa -3\kappa^3/4+\kappa^3\sum_{j=1,2,3} (1-\cos ^j)/4+r(\kappa,\vec p)$, where $r(\kappa,\vec p)$ is of ${\cal O}(\kappa^6)$.
hep-lat hep-th nucl-th
we obtain from the quarkgluon dynamics the gellmannneeman eightfold way baryons in an imaginarytime functional integral formulation of 31 lattice qcd in the strong coupling regime small hopping parameter kappa0 the model has rm su3_c gauge and global rm su3_f flavor symmetries in the subspace of the physical hilbert space of vectors with an odd number of quarks the baryons are associated with isolated dispersion curves in the energymomentum spectrum the spin 12 octet and spin 32 decuplet baryons have asymptotic mass 3lnkappa and for each baryon there is an antibaryon with identical spectral properties all the masses have the form m3lnkappa3kappa34kappa6 rkappa with rkappa real analytic for each member of the octet rkappa is the same for each member of the decuplet r0 is the same so there is no mass splitting within the octet and within the decuplet up to and including cal okappa6 however there is an octetdecuplet mass difference of 3kappa64cal okappa7 the baryon and antibaryon spectrum is the only one up to near the mesonbaryon threshold of nearly 5lnkappa a decoupling of hyperplane method is used to naturally unveil the form of the baryon composite fields no a priori guesswork to show the existence of particles and their multiplicities using a spectral representation for the twobaryon correlation we also obtain the antibaryon dispersion curves which admit the representation wkappavec p 3lnkappa 3kappa34kappa3sum_j123 1cos j4rkappavec p where rkappavec p is of cal okappa6
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707.1678
Unification of cosmological scalar fields
We present a model where early inflation and late accelerating expansion of the Universe are driven by the real and imaginary parts of a single complex scalar field, which we identified as inflaton and phantom field, respectively. This inflaton-phantom unification is protected by an internal SO(1,1) symmetry, with the two cosmological scalars appearing as the degrees of freedom of a sole fundamental representation. The unification symmetry allows to build successful potentials. We observe that our theory provides a matter-phantom duality, which transforms scalar matter cosmological solutions into phantom solutions and vice versa. We also suggest that a complete unification of all scalar fields of cosmological interest is yet possible under a similar footing.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
we present a model where early inflation and late accelerating expansion of the universe are driven by the real and imaginary parts of a single complex scalar field which we identified as inflaton and phantom field respectively this inflatonphantom unification is protected by an internal so11 symmetry with the two cosmological scalars appearing as the degrees of freedom of a sole fundamental representation the unification symmetry allows to build successful potentials we observe that our theory provides a matterphantom duality which transforms scalar matter cosmological solutions into phantom solutions and vice versa we also suggest that a complete unification of all scalar fields of cosmological interest is yet possible under a similar footing
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707.1679
Measurements of Hard-Scattering by PHENIX at RHIC
Hard-scattering in p-p collisions was discovered in 1972 at the CERN-ISR, the first hadron collider. Techniques were developed and several hard-processes were discovered which form the basis for many of the measurements made in p-p and Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Recent measurements of hard-scattering and related reactions by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC are presented in this context.
nucl-ex
hardscattering in pp collisions was discovered in 1972 at the cernisr the first hadron collider techniques were developed and several hardprocesses were discovered which form the basis for many of the measurements made in pp and auau collisions at rhic recent measurements of hardscattering and related reactions by the phenix experiment at rhic are presented in this context
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707.168
Spatial imaging of modifications to fluorescence lifetime and intensity by individual Ag nanoparticles
Highly ordered periodic arrays of silver nanoparticles have been fabricated which exhibit surface plasmon resonances in the visible spectrum. We demonstrate the ability of these structures to alter the fluorescence properties of vicinal dye molecules by providing an additional radiative decay channel. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we have created high resolution spatial maps of the molecular lifetime components; these show an order of magnitude increase in decay rate from a localized volume around the nanoparticles, resulting in a commensurate enhancement in the fluorescence emission intensity.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.mtrl-sci
highly ordered periodic arrays of silver nanoparticles have been fabricated which exhibit surface plasmon resonances in the visible spectrum we demonstrate the ability of these structures to alter the fluorescence properties of vicinal dye molecules by providing an additional radiative decay channel using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy flim we have created high resolution spatial maps of the molecular lifetime components these show an order of magnitude increase in decay rate from a localized volume around the nanoparticles resulting in a commensurate enhancement in the fluorescence emission intensity
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707.1681
Statistical physics of the Schelling model of segregation
We investigate the static and dynamic properties of a celebrated model of social segregation, providing a complete explanation of the mechanisms leading to segregation both in one- and two-dimensional systems. Standard statistical physics methods shed light on the rich phenomenology of this simple model, exhibiting static phase transitions typical of kinetic constrained models, nontrivial coarsening like in driven-particle systems and percolation-related phenomena.
physics.soc-ph
we investigate the static and dynamic properties of a celebrated model of social segregation providing a complete explanation of the mechanisms leading to segregation both in one and twodimensional systems standard statistical physics methods shed light on the rich phenomenology of this simple model exhibiting static phase transitions typical of kinetic constrained models nontrivial coarsening like in drivenparticle systems and percolationrelated phenomena
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707.1682
Structural Fluctuations in the Spin Liquid State of Tb2Ti2O7
High resolution X-ray scattering measurements on single crystal Tb2Ti2O7 reveal finite structural correlations at low temperatures. This geometrically frustrated pyrochlore is known to exhibit a spin liquid, or cooperative paramagnetic state, at temperatures below ~ 20 K. Parametric studies of structural Bragg peaks appropriate to the Fd$\bar{3}$m space group of Tb2Ti2O7 reveal substantial broadening and peak intensity reduction in the temperature regime 20 K to 300 mK. We also observe a small, anomalous lattice expansion on cooling below a density maximum at ~ 18 K. These measurements are consistent with the development of fluctuations above a cooperative Jahn-Teller, cubic-tetragonal phase transition at very low temperatures.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
high resolution xray scattering measurements on single crystal tb2ti2o7 reveal finite structural correlations at low temperatures this geometrically frustrated pyrochlore is known to exhibit a spin liquid or cooperative paramagnetic state at temperatures below 20 k parametric studies of structural bragg peaks appropriate to the fdbar3m space group of tb2ti2o7 reveal substantial broadening and peak intensity reduction in the temperature regime 20 k to 300 mk we also observe a small anomalous lattice expansion on cooling below a density maximum at 18 k these measurements are consistent with the development of fluctuations above a cooperative jahnteller cubictetragonal phase transition at very low temperatures
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707.1683
Travaux pratiques sur les r\'eseaux locaux de type WIFI utilisant des simulations num\'eriques des ph\'enom\`enes de propagation des ondes \'electromagn\'etiques
The wireless network technology WiFi finds more and more applications in the industrial field as for the exchange of information between the people or the equipment. It has the advantage of allowing a great flexibility of the network but requires precautions of installation to be effective (flow, reliability...). The fitter of such a network must have knowledge to install and configure the materials (access points, wifi interface) but also of knowledge in propagation of electromagnetic waves which is the support of the transmission of data. The teaching of this technology requires practical works which must make it possible for the student to implement this knowledge. This article presents the various means of calculations which we implemented within the framework of practical works to allow the student to visualize and thus to better control the phenomena of propagation existing in a WiFI network.
physics.ed-ph
the wireless network technology wifi finds more and more applications in the industrial field as for the exchange of information between the people or the equipment it has the advantage of allowing a great flexibility of the network but requires precautions of installation to be effective flow reliability the fitter of such a network must have knowledge to install and configure the materials access points wifi interface but also of knowledge in propagation of electromagnetic waves which is the support of the transmission of data the teaching of this technology requires practical works which must make it possible for the student to implement this knowledge this article presents the various means of calculations which we implemented within the framework of practical works to allow the student to visualize and thus to better control the phenomena of propagation existing in a wifi network
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707.1684
Fractional quantization of ballistic conductance in 1D hole systems
We analyze the fractional quantization of the ballistic conductance associated with the light and heavy holes bands in Si, Ge and GaAs systems. It is shown that the formation of the localized hole state in the region of the quantum point contact connecting two quasi-1D hole leads modifies drastically the conductance pattern. Exchange interaction between localized and propagating holes results in the fractional quantization of the ballistic conductance different from those in electronic systems. The value of the conductance at the additional plateaux depends on the offset between the bands of the light and heavy holes, \Delta, and the sign of the exchange interaction constant. For \Delta=0 and ferromagnetic exchange interaction, we observe additional plateaux around the values 7e^{2}/4h, 3e^{2}/h and 15e^{2}/4h, while antiferromagnetic interaction plateaux are formed around e^{2}/4h, e^{2}/h and 9e^{2}/4h. For large \Delta, the single plateau is formed at e^2/h.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we analyze the fractional quantization of the ballistic conductance associated with the light and heavy holes bands in si ge and gaas systems it is shown that the formation of the localized hole state in the region of the quantum point contact connecting two quasi1d hole leads modifies drastically the conductance pattern exchange interaction between localized and propagating holes results in the fractional quantization of the ballistic conductance different from those in electronic systems the value of the conductance at the additional plateaux depends on the offset between the bands of the light and heavy holes delta and the sign of the exchange interaction constant for delta0 and ferromagnetic exchange interaction we observe additional plateaux around the values 7e24h 3e2h and 15e24h while antiferromagnetic interaction plateaux are formed around e24h e2h and 9e24h for large delta the single plateau is formed at e2h
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707.1685
Plasma Lens for Us Based Super Neutrino Beam at Either FNAL or BNL
The plasma lens concept is examined as an alternative to focusing horns and solenoids for a neutrino beam facility. The concept is based on a combined high-current lens/target configuration. Current is fed at an electrode located downstream from the beginning of the target where pion capturing is needed. The current is carried by plasma outside the target. A second plasma lens section, with an additional current feed, follows the target. The plasma is immersed in a relatively small solenoidal magnetic field to facilitate its current profile shaping to optimize pion capture. Simulations of the not yet fully optimized configuration yielded a 25% higher neutrino flux at a detector situated at 3 km from the target than the horn system for the entire energy spectrum and a factor of 2.5 higher flux for neutrinos with energy larger than 3 GeV. A major advantage of plasma lenses is in background reduction. In antineutrino operation, neutrino background is reduced by a factor of close to 3 for the whole spectrum, and for energy larger than 3 GeV, neutrino background is reduced by a factor of 3.6. Plasma lenses have additional advantages: larger axial currents, high signal purity: minimal neutrino background in antineutrino runs. The lens medium consists of plasma, consequently, particle absorption and scattering is negligible. Withstanding high mechanical and thermal stresses in a plasma is not an issue.
physics.acc-ph
the plasma lens concept is examined as an alternative to focusing horns and solenoids for a neutrino beam facility the concept is based on a combined highcurrent lenstarget configuration current is fed at an electrode located downstream from the beginning of the target where pion capturing is needed the current is carried by plasma outside the target a second plasma lens section with an additional current feed follows the target the plasma is immersed in a relatively small solenoidal magnetic field to facilitate its current profile shaping to optimize pion capture simulations of the not yet fully optimized configuration yielded a 25 higher neutrino flux at a detector situated at 3 km from the target than the horn system for the entire energy spectrum and a factor of 25 higher flux for neutrinos with energy larger than 3 gev a major advantage of plasma lenses is in background reduction in antineutrino operation neutrino background is reduced by a factor of close to 3 for the whole spectrum and for energy larger than 3 gev neutrino background is reduced by a factor of 36 plasma lenses have additional advantages larger axial currents high signal purity minimal neutrino background in antineutrino runs the lens medium consists of plasma consequently particle absorption and scattering is negligible withstanding high mechanical and thermal stresses in a plasma is not an issue
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707.1686
High Resolution Spectroscopy of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems
Spectroscopic methods involving the sudden injection or ejection of electrons in materials are a powerful probe of electronic structure and interactions. These techniques, such as photoemission and tunneling, yield measurements of the "single particle" density of states (SPDOS) spectrum of a system. The SPDOS is proportional to the probability of successfully injecting or ejecting an electron in these experiments. It is equal to the number of electronic states in the system able to accept an injected electron as a function of its energy and is among the most fundamental and directly calculable quantities in theories of highly interacting systems. However, the two-dimensional electron system (2DES), host to remarkable correlated electron states such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, has proven difficult to probe spectroscopically. Here we present an improved version of time domain capacitance spectroscopy (TDCS) that now allows us to measure the SPDOS of a 2DES with unprecedented fidelity and resolution. Using TDCS, we perform measurements of a cold 2DES, providing the first direct measurements of the single-particle exchange-enhanced spin gap and single particle lifetimes in the quantum Hall system, as well as the first observations of exchange splitting of Landau levels not at the Fermi surface. The measurements reveal the difficult to reach and beautiful structure present in this highly correlated system far from the Fermi surface.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
spectroscopic methods involving the sudden injection or ejection of electrons in materials are a powerful probe of electronic structure and interactions these techniques such as photoemission and tunneling yield measurements of the single particle density of states spdos spectrum of a system the spdos is proportional to the probability of successfully injecting or ejecting an electron in these experiments it is equal to the number of electronic states in the system able to accept an injected electron as a function of its energy and is among the most fundamental and directly calculable quantities in theories of highly interacting systems however the twodimensional electron system 2des host to remarkable correlated electron states such as the fractional quantum hall effect has proven difficult to probe spectroscopically here we present an improved version of time domain capacitance spectroscopy tdcs that now allows us to measure the spdos of a 2des with unprecedented fidelity and resolution using tdcs we perform measurements of a cold 2des providing the first direct measurements of the singleparticle exchangeenhanced spin gap and single particle lifetimes in the quantum hall system as well as the first observations of exchange splitting of landau levels not at the fermi surface the measurements reveal the difficult to reach and beautiful structure present in this highly correlated system far from the fermi surface
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707.1687
Theory of spin, electronic and transport properties of the lateral triple quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field
We present a theory of spin, electronic and transport properties of a few-electron lateral triangular triple quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field. Our theory is based on a generalization of a Hubbard model and the Linear Combination of Harmonic Orbitals combined with Configuration Interaction method (LCHO-CI) for arbitrary magnetic fields. The few-particle spectra obtained as a function of the magnetic field exhibit Aharonov-Bohm oscillations. As a result, by changing the magnetic field it is possible to engineer the degeneracies of single-particle levels, and thus control the total spin of the many-electron system. For the triple dot with two and four electrons we find oscillations of total spin due to the singlet-triplet transitions occurring periodically in the magnetic field. In the three-electron system we find a transition from a magnetically frustrated to the spin-polarized state. We discuss the impact of these phase transitions on the addition spectrum and the spin blockade of the lateral triple quantum dot molecule.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.other
we present a theory of spin electronic and transport properties of a fewelectron lateral triangular triple quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field our theory is based on a generalization of a hubbard model and the linear combination of harmonic orbitals combined with configuration interaction method lchoci for arbitrary magnetic fields the fewparticle spectra obtained as a function of the magnetic field exhibit aharonovbohm oscillations as a result by changing the magnetic field it is possible to engineer the degeneracies of singleparticle levels and thus control the total spin of the manyelectron system for the triple dot with two and four electrons we find oscillations of total spin due to the singlettriplet transitions occurring periodically in the magnetic field in the threeelectron system we find a transition from a magnetically frustrated to the spinpolarized state we discuss the impact of these phase transitions on the addition spectrum and the spin blockade of the lateral triple quantum dot molecule
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707.1688
Quantum transport in electron Fabry-Perot interferometers
We report experiments on Fabry-Perot electron interferometers in the integer quantum Hall regime. The GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure devices consist of two constrictions defined by etch trenches in 2D electron layer, enclosing an approximately circular island. The interferometer is formed by counterpropagating chiral edge channels coupled by tunneling in the two constrictions. Interference fringes are observed as conductance oscillations, similar to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Front gates deposited in etch trenches allow to fine-tune the device and to change the constriction filling f relative to the bulk filling. Quantum-coherent conductance oscillations are observed on the f = 1 - 4 plateaus. On plateau f we observe f conductance oscillations per fundamental flux period h/e. This is attributed to the dominance of the electron-electron Coulomb interaction, effectively mixing Landau level occupation. On the other hand, the back-gate charge period is the same (one electron) on all plateaus, independent of filling. This is attributed to the self-consistent electrostatics in the large electron island. We also report dependence of the oscillation period on front-gate voltage for f = 1, 2 and 4 for three devices. We find a linear dependence, with the slope inversely proportional to f for f = 1 and 2.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we report experiments on fabryperot electron interferometers in the integer quantum hall regime the gaasalgaas heterostructure devices consist of two constrictions defined by etch trenches in 2d electron layer enclosing an approximately circular island the interferometer is formed by counterpropagating chiral edge channels coupled by tunneling in the two constrictions interference fringes are observed as conductance oscillations similar to the aharonovbohm effect front gates deposited in etch trenches allow to finetune the device and to change the constriction filling f relative to the bulk filling quantumcoherent conductance oscillations are observed on the f 1 4 plateaus on plateau f we observe f conductance oscillations per fundamental flux period he this is attributed to the dominance of the electronelectron coulomb interaction effectively mixing landau level occupation on the other hand the backgate charge period is the same one electron on all plateaus independent of filling this is attributed to the selfconsistent electrostatics in the large electron island we also report dependence of the oscillation period on frontgate voltage for f 1 2 and 4 for three devices we find a linear dependence with the slope inversely proportional to f for f 1 and 2
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707.1689
On the formation of TeV radiation in LS 5039
The recent detections of TeV gamma-rays from compact binary systems show that relativistic outflows (jets or winds) are sites of effective acceleration of particles up to multi-TeV energies. In this paper, we discuss the conditions of acceleration and radiation of ultra-relativistic electrons in LS 5039, the gamma-ray emitting binary system for which the highest quality TeV data are available. Assuming that the gamma-ray emitter is a jet-like structure, we performed detailed numerical calculations of the energy spectrum and lightcurves accounting for the acceleration efficiency, the location of the accelerator, the speed of the emitting flow, the inclination angle of the system, as well as specific features related to anisotropic inverse Compton scattering and pair production. We conclude that the accelerator should not be deep inside the binary system unless we assume a very efficient acceleration rate. We show that within the IC scenario both the gamma-ray spectrum and flux are strongly orbital phase dependent. Formally, our model can reproduce, for specific sets of parameter values, the energy spectrum of gamma-rays reported by HESS for wide orbital phase intervals. However, the physical properties of the source can be constrained only by observations capable of providing detailed energy spectra for narrow orbital phase intervals ($\Delta\phi\ll 0.1$).
astro-ph
the recent detections of tev gammarays from compact binary systems show that relativistic outflows jets or winds are sites of effective acceleration of particles up to multitev energies in this paper we discuss the conditions of acceleration and radiation of ultrarelativistic electrons in ls 5039 the gammaray emitting binary system for which the highest quality tev data are available assuming that the gammaray emitter is a jetlike structure we performed detailed numerical calculations of the energy spectrum and lightcurves accounting for the acceleration efficiency the location of the accelerator the speed of the emitting flow the inclination angle of the system as well as specific features related to anisotropic inverse compton scattering and pair production we conclude that the accelerator should not be deep inside the binary system unless we assume a very efficient acceleration rate we show that within the ic scenario both the gammaray spectrum and flux are strongly orbital phase dependent formally our model can reproduce for specific sets of parameter values the energy spectrum of gammarays reported by hess for wide orbital phase intervals however the physical properties of the source can be constrained only by observations capable of providing detailed energy spectra for narrow orbital phase intervals deltaphill 01
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707.169
The Nonlinear Evolution of Galaxy Intrinsic Alignments
The non-Gaussian contribution to the intrinsic halo spin alignments is analytically modeled and numerically detected. Assuming that the growth of non-Gaussianity in the density fluctuations caused the tidal field to have nonlinear-order effect on the orientations of the halo angular momentum, we model the intrinsic halo spin alignments as a linear scaling of the density correlations on large scales, which is different from the previous quadratic-scaling model based on the linear tidal torque theory. Then, we analyze the halo catalogs from the recent high-resolution Millennium Run simulation at four different redshifts (z=0,0.5,1 and 2) and measure quantitatively the degree of the nonlinear effect on the halo spin alignments and its changes with redshifts. A clear signal of spin correlations is found on scales as large as 10 Mpc/h at z=0, which marks a detection of the nonlinear tidal effect on the intrinsic halo alignments. We also investigate how the nonlinear effect depends on the intrinsic properties of the halos. It is found that the degree of the nonlinear tidal effect increases as the halo mass scale decreases, the halo specific angular momentum increases, and the halo peculiar velocity decreases. We discuss implication of our result on the weak gravitational lensing.
astro-ph
the nongaussian contribution to the intrinsic halo spin alignments is analytically modeled and numerically detected assuming that the growth of nongaussianity in the density fluctuations caused the tidal field to have nonlinearorder effect on the orientations of the halo angular momentum we model the intrinsic halo spin alignments as a linear scaling of the density correlations on large scales which is different from the previous quadraticscaling model based on the linear tidal torque theory then we analyze the halo catalogs from the recent highresolution millennium run simulation at four different redshifts z0051 and 2 and measure quantitatively the degree of the nonlinear effect on the halo spin alignments and its changes with redshifts a clear signal of spin correlations is found on scales as large as 10 mpch at z0 which marks a detection of the nonlinear tidal effect on the intrinsic halo alignments we also investigate how the nonlinear effect depends on the intrinsic properties of the halos it is found that the degree of the nonlinear tidal effect increases as the halo mass scale decreases the halo specific angular momentum increases and the halo peculiar velocity decreases we discuss implication of our result on the weak gravitational lensing
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707.1691
The MACRO Experiment at Gran Sasso
In this overview of the MACRO experiment we recall the structure of the detector and discuss several physics topics: atmospheric neutrinos and neutrino oscillations, high energy neutrino astronomy, searches for WIMPs and for low energy stellar gravitational collapse neutrinos, stringent upper limits on GUT magnetic monopoles, high energy downgoing muons, primary cosmic ray composition and shadowing of primary cosmic rays by the Moon and the Sun.
hep-ex
in this overview of the macro experiment we recall the structure of the detector and discuss several physics topics atmospheric neutrinos and neutrino oscillations high energy neutrino astronomy searches for wimps and for low energy stellar gravitational collapse neutrinos stringent upper limits on gut magnetic monopoles high energy downgoing muons primary cosmic ray composition and shadowing of primary cosmic rays by the moon and the sun
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707.1692
Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
We study the proximity effect between an s-wave superconductor and the surface states of a strong topological insulator. The resulting two dimensional state resembles a spinless p_x+ip_y superconductor, but does not break time reversal symmetry. This state supports Majorana bound states at vortices. We show that linear junctions between superconductors mediated by the topological insulator form a non chiral 1 dimensional wire for Majorana fermions, and that circuits formed from these junctions provide a method for creating, manipulating and fusing Majorana bound states.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we study the proximity effect between an swave superconductor and the surface states of a strong topological insulator the resulting two dimensional state resembles a spinless p_xip_y superconductor but does not break time reversal symmetry this state supports majorana bound states at vortices we show that linear junctions between superconductors mediated by the topological insulator form a non chiral 1 dimensional wire for majorana fermions and that circuits formed from these junctions provide a method for creating manipulating and fusing majorana bound states
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707.1693
Simulating cosmic rays in clusters of galaxies - III. Non-thermal scaling relations and comparison to observations
Complementary views of galaxy clusters in the radio synchrotron, hard X-ray inverse Compton, and high-energy gamma-ray regimes are critical in calibrating them as high-precision cosmological probes. We present predictions for scaling relations between cluster mass and these non-thermal observables. To this end, we use high-resolution simulations of a sample of galaxy clusters spanning a mass range of almost two orders of magnitudes, and follow self-consistent cosmic ray physics on top of the radiative hydrodynamics. Calibrating the magnetic fields of our model with Faraday rotation measurements (RM), the synchrotron emission of our relativistic electron populations matches the radio synchrotron luminosities and morphologies of observed giant radio halos and mini-halos surprisingly well. Using the complete sample of the brightest X-ray clusters observed by ROSAT in combination with our gamma-ray scaling relation, we predict GLAST will detect about ten clusters allowing for Eddington bias due to the scatter in the scaling relation. The brightest gamma-ray clusters are Ophiuchus, Fornax, Coma, A3627, Perseus, and Centaurus. We provide an absolute lower flux limit for the gamma-ray emission of Coma in the hadronic model which can be made tighter for magnetic field values derived from RM values to match the GLAST sensitivity, providing thus a unique test for the possible hadronic origin of radio halos. Our predicted hard X-ray emission, due to inverse Compton emission of shock accelerated and hadronically produced relativistic electrons, falls short of the detections in Coma and Perseus by a factor of 50. This casts doubts on the inverse Compton interpretation and reinforces the known discrepancy of magnetic field estimates from Faraday RM values and those obtained by combining synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. [abridged]
astro-ph
complementary views of galaxy clusters in the radio synchrotron hard xray inverse compton and highenergy gammaray regimes are critical in calibrating them as highprecision cosmological probes we present predictions for scaling relations between cluster mass and these nonthermal observables to this end we use highresolution simulations of a sample of galaxy clusters spanning a mass range of almost two orders of magnitudes and follow selfconsistent cosmic ray physics on top of the radiative hydrodynamics calibrating the magnetic fields of our model with faraday rotation measurements rm the synchrotron emission of our relativistic electron populations matches the radio synchrotron luminosities and morphologies of observed giant radio halos and minihalos surprisingly well using the complete sample of the brightest xray clusters observed by rosat in combination with our gammaray scaling relation we predict glast will detect about ten clusters allowing for eddington bias due to the scatter in the scaling relation the brightest gammaray clusters are ophiuchus fornax coma a3627 perseus and centaurus we provide an absolute lower flux limit for the gammaray emission of coma in the hadronic model which can be made tighter for magnetic field values derived from rm values to match the glast sensitivity providing thus a unique test for the possible hadronic origin of radio halos our predicted hard xray emission due to inverse compton emission of shock accelerated and hadronically produced relativistic electrons falls short of the detections in coma and perseus by a factor of 50 this casts doubts on the inverse compton interpretation and reinforces the known discrepancy of magnetic field estimates from faraday rm values and those obtained by combining synchrotron and inverse compton emission abridged
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707.1694
Precise predictions for B -> Xs l+ l- in the large q^2 region
The inclusive B -> Xs l+ l- decay rate in the large q^2 region (q^2 > m_{\psi'}^2) receives significant nonperturbative corrections. The resulting uncertainties can be drastically reduced by normalizing the rate to the B -> Xu l nu rate with the same q^2 cut, which allows for much improved tests of short distance physics. We calculate this ratio, including the order 1/m_b^3 nonperturbative corrections and the analytically known NNLO perturbative corrections. Since in the large q^2 region an inclusive measurement may be feasible via a sum over exclusive states, our results could be useful for measurements at LHCb and possibly for studies of B -> Xd l+ l-.
hep-ph
the inclusive b xs l l decay rate in the large q2 region q2 m_psi2 receives significant nonperturbative corrections the resulting uncertainties can be drastically reduced by normalizing the rate to the b xu l nu rate with the same q2 cut which allows for much improved tests of short distance physics we calculate this ratio including the order 1m_b3 nonperturbative corrections and the analytically known nnlo perturbative corrections since in the large q2 region an inclusive measurement may be feasible via a sum over exclusive states our results could be useful for measurements at lhcb and possibly for studies of b xd l l
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707.1695
A deep AAOmega survey of low-luminosity galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster: Stellar population trends
We present new optical spectroscopy for 342 R<18 galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster obtained with the AAOmega facility at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We describe the observations and measurements of central velocity dispersion, emission line equivalent widths and absorption line indices. The distinguishing characteristic of the survey is its coverage of a very wide baseline in velocity dispersion (30-300 km/s), while achieving high signal-to-noise ratio throughout (median 60 per Ang). Significant emission at H-alpha was detected in ~20 per cent of red-sequence Shapley members. Using line-ratio diagnostics, we find that the emission is LINER-like at high luminosity, but driven by star-formation in low-luminosity galaxies. We use Lick indices to characterise the absorption spectra. We define a subset of galaxies with very low emission contamination, and fit the index-sigma relations for this subset. Comparing the index-sigma slopes against predictions from single-burst stellar population models, we infer the scaling relations of age, total metallicity, [Z/H], and alpha-element abundance ratio, [a/Fe]. To reproduce the observed index-sigma slopes, all three parameters must increase with increasing velocity dispersion. Specifically, we recover: Age \propto sigma^0.52+/-0.10, Z/H \propto sigma^0.34+/-0.07, and a/Fe \propto sigma^0.23+/-0.06 (error reflects systematic effects), derived over a decade baseline in velocity dispersion. The recovered age-sigma relation is shown to be consistent with the observed evolution in the giant-to-dwarf galaxy ratio in clusters at redshifts z=0.4-0.8. A companion paper will analyse the distribution of age, [Z/H] and [a/Fe] for individual galaxies. (Abridged.)
astro-ph
we present new optical spectroscopy for 342 r18 galaxies in the shapley supercluster obtained with the aaomega facility at the angloaustralian telescope we describe the observations and measurements of central velocity dispersion emission line equivalent widths and absorption line indices the distinguishing characteristic of the survey is its coverage of a very wide baseline in velocity dispersion 30300 kms while achieving high signaltonoise ratio throughout median 60 per ang significant emission at halpha was detected in 20 per cent of redsequence shapley members using lineratio diagnostics we find that the emission is linerlike at high luminosity but driven by starformation in lowluminosity galaxies we use lick indices to characterise the absorption spectra we define a subset of galaxies with very low emission contamination and fit the indexsigma relations for this subset comparing the indexsigma slopes against predictions from singleburst stellar population models we infer the scaling relations of age total metallicity zh and alphaelement abundance ratio afe to reproduce the observed indexsigma slopes all three parameters must increase with increasing velocity dispersion specifically we recover age propto sigma052010 zh propto sigma034007 and afe propto sigma023006 error reflects systematic effects derived over a decade baseline in velocity dispersion the recovered agesigma relation is shown to be consistent with the observed evolution in the gianttodwarf galaxy ratio in clusters at redshifts z0408 a companion paper will analyse the distribution of age zh and afe for individual galaxies abridged
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707.1696
T-duality and Generalized Kahler Geometry
We use newly discovered N = (2, 2) vector multiplets to clarify T-dualities for generalized Kahler geometries. Following the usual procedure, we gauge isometries of nonlinear sigma-models and introduce Lagrange multipliers that constrain the field-strengths of the gauge fields to vanish. Integrating out the Lagrange multipliers leads to the original action, whereas integrating out the vector multiplets gives the dual action. The description is given both in N = (2, 2) and N = (1, 1) superspace.
hep-th
we use newly discovered n 2 2 vector multiplets to clarify tdualities for generalized kahler geometries following the usual procedure we gauge isometries of nonlinear sigmamodels and introduce lagrange multipliers that constrain the fieldstrengths of the gauge fields to vanish integrating out the lagrange multipliers leads to the original action whereas integrating out the vector multiplets gives the dual action the description is given both in n 2 2 and n 1 1 superspace
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707.1697
T-duality, quotients and generalized Kahler geometry
In this paper we reopen the discussion of gauging the two-dimensional off-shell (2,2) supersymmetric sigma models written in terms of semichiral superfields. The associated target space geometry of this particular sigma model is generalized Kahler (or bi-hermitean with two non-commuting complex structures). The gauging of the isometries of the sigma model is now done by coupling the semichiral superfields to the new (2,2) semichiral vector multiplet. We show that the two moment maps together with a third function form the complete set of three Killing potentials which are associated with this gauging. We show that the Killing potentials lead to the generalized moment maps defined in the context of twisted generalized Kahler geometry. Next we address the question of the T-duality map, while keeping the (2,2) supersymmetry manifest. Using the new vector superfield in constructing the duality functional, under T-duality we swap a pair of left and right semichiral superfields by a pair of chiral and twisted chiral multiplets. We end with a discussion on quotient construction.
hep-th
in this paper we reopen the discussion of gauging the twodimensional offshell 22 supersymmetric sigma models written in terms of semichiral superfields the associated target space geometry of this particular sigma model is generalized kahler or bihermitean with two noncommuting complex structures the gauging of the isometries of the sigma model is now done by coupling the semichiral superfields to the new 22 semichiral vector multiplet we show that the two moment maps together with a third function form the complete set of three killing potentials which are associated with this gauging we show that the killing potentials lead to the generalized moment maps defined in the context of twisted generalized kahler geometry next we address the question of the tduality map while keeping the 22 supersymmetry manifest using the new vector superfield in constructing the duality functional under tduality we swap a pair of left and right semichiral superfields by a pair of chiral and twisted chiral multiplets we end with a discussion on quotient construction
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707.1698
The Masses and Shapes of Dark Matter Halos from Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the CFHTLS
We present the first galaxy-galaxy weak lensing results using early data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). These results are based on ~22 sq. deg. of i' data. From this data, we estimate the average velocity dispersion for an L* galaxy at a redshift of 0.3 to be 137 +- 11 km/s, with a virial mass, M_{200}, of 1.1 +- 0.2 \times 10^{12} h^{-1} Msun and a rest frame R-band mass-to-light ratio of 173 +- 34 h Msun/Lsun. We also investigate various possible sources of systematic error in detail. Additionally, we separate our lens sample into two sub-samples, divided by apparent magnitude, thus average redshift. From this early data we do not detect significant evolution in galaxy dark matter halo mass-to-light ratios from a redshift of 0.45 to 0.27. Finally, we test for non-spherical galaxy dark matter halos. Our results favor a dark matter halo with an ellipticity of ~0.3 at the 2-sigma level when averaged over all galaxies. If the sample of foreground lens galaxies is selected to favor ellipticals, the mean halo ellipticity and significance of this result increase.
astro-ph
we present the first galaxygalaxy weak lensing results using early data from the canadafrancehawaii telescope legacy survey cfhtls these results are based on 22 sq deg of i data from this data we estimate the average velocity dispersion for an l galaxy at a redshift of 03 to be 137 11 kms with a virial mass m_200 of 11 02 times 1012 h1 msun and a rest frame rband masstolight ratio of 173 34 h msunlsun we also investigate various possible sources of systematic error in detail additionally we separate our lens sample into two subsamples divided by apparent magnitude thus average redshift from this early data we do not detect significant evolution in galaxy dark matter halo masstolight ratios from a redshift of 045 to 027 finally we test for nonspherical galaxy dark matter halos our results favor a dark matter halo with an ellipticity of 03 at the 2sigma level when averaged over all galaxies if the sample of foreground lens galaxies is selected to favor ellipticals the mean halo ellipticity and significance of this result increase
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707.1699
X-Ray Absorption from the Milky Way Halo and the Local Group
Million degree gas is present at near-zero redshift and is due either to a gaseous Galactic Halo or a more diffuse but very massive Local Group medium. We can discriminate between these models because the column densities should depend on location in the sky, either relative to the Galaxy bulge or to the M31-Milky Way axis. To search for these signatures, we measured the OVII Kalpha absorption line strength toward 25 bright AGNs, plus LMC X-3, using XMM-Newton RGS archival data. The data are in conflict with a purely Local Group model, but support the Galactic Halo model. The strongest correlation is between the OVII equivalent widths and the ROSAT background emission measurement in the R45 band (0.4-1 keV), for which OVII emission makes the largest single contribution. This suggests that much of the OVII emission and absorption are cospatial, from which the radius of a uniform halo appears to lie the range 15-110 kpc. The present data do not constrain the type of halo gas model and an equally good fit is obtained in a model where the gas density decreases as a power-law, such as r^(-3/2). For a uniform halo with a radius of 20 kpc, the electron density would be 9E-4 cm^(-3), and the gas mass is 4E8 Msolar. The redshift of the four highest S/N OVII measurements is consistent with a Milky Way origin rather than a Local Group origin.
astro-ph
million degree gas is present at nearzero redshift and is due either to a gaseous galactic halo or a more diffuse but very massive local group medium we can discriminate between these models because the column densities should depend on location in the sky either relative to the galaxy bulge or to the m31milky way axis to search for these signatures we measured the ovii kalpha absorption line strength toward 25 bright agns plus lmc x3 using xmmnewton rgs archival data the data are in conflict with a purely local group model but support the galactic halo model the strongest correlation is between the ovii equivalent widths and the rosat background emission measurement in the r45 band 041 kev for which ovii emission makes the largest single contribution this suggests that much of the ovii emission and absorption are cospatial from which the radius of a uniform halo appears to lie the range 15110 kpc the present data do not constrain the type of halo gas model and an equally good fit is obtained in a model where the gas density decreases as a powerlaw such as r32 for a uniform halo with a radius of 20 kpc the electron density would be 9e4 cm3 and the gas mass is 4e8 msolar the redshift of the four highest sn ovii measurements is consistent with a milky way origin rather than a local group origin
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707.17
A Survey of Metal Lines at High-redshift (I) : SDSS Absorption Line Studies - The Methodology and First Search Results for OVI
We report the results of a systematic search for signatures of metal lines in quasar spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 3(DR3), focusing on finding intervening absorbers via detection of their OVI doublet. Here we present the search algorithm, and criteria for distinguishing candidates from spurious Lyman $\alpha${} forest lines. In addition, we compare our findings with simulations of the Lyman $\alpha${} forest in order to estimate the detectability of OVI doublets over various redshift intervals. We have obtained a sample of 1756 OVI doublet candidates with rest-frame equivalent width > 0.05 \AA{} in 855 AGN spectra (out of 3702 objects with redshifts in the accessible range for OVI detection). This sample is further subdivided into 3 groups according to the likelihood of being real and the potential for follow-up observation of the candidate. The group with the cleanest and most secure candidates is comprised of 145 candidates. 69 of these reside at a velocity separation > 5000 km/s from the QSO, and can therefore be classified tentatively as intervening absorbers. Most of these absorbers have not been picked up by earlier, automated QSO absorption line detection algorithms. This sample increases the number of known OVI absorbers at redshifts beyond z$_{abs} > 2.7 substantially.
astro-ph
we report the results of a systematic search for signatures of metal lines in quasar spectra of the sloan digital sky survey sdss data release 3dr3 focusing on finding intervening absorbers via detection of their ovi doublet here we present the search algorithm and criteria for distinguishing candidates from spurious lyman alpha forest lines in addition we compare our findings with simulations of the lyman alpha forest in order to estimate the detectability of ovi doublets over various redshift intervals we have obtained a sample of 1756 ovi doublet candidates with restframe equivalent width 005 aa in 855 agn spectra out of 3702 objects with redshifts in the accessible range for ovi detection this sample is further subdivided into 3 groups according to the likelihood of being real and the potential for followup observation of the candidate the group with the cleanest and most secure candidates is comprised of 145 candidates 69 of these reside at a velocity separation 5000 kms from the qso and can therefore be classified tentatively as intervening absorbers most of these absorbers have not been picked up by earlier automated qso absorption line detection algorithms this sample increases the number of known ovi absorbers at redshifts beyond z_abs 27 substantially
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707.1701
Technology challenges for space interferometry: the option of mid-infrared integrated optics
Nulling interferometry is a technique providing high angular resolution which is the core of the space missions Darwin and the Terrestrail Planet Finder. The first objective is to reach a deep degree of starlight cancelation in the range 6 -- 20 microns, in order to observe and to characterize the signal from an Earth-like planet. Among the numerous technological challenges involved in these missions, the question of the beam combination and wavefront filtering has an important place. A single-mode integrated optics (IO) beam combiner could support both the functions of filtering and the interferometric combination, simplifying the instrumental design. Such a perspective has been explored in this work within the project Integrated Optics for Darwin (IODA), which aims at developing a first IO combiner in the mid-infrared. The solutions reviewed here to manufacture the combiner are based on infrared dielectric materials on one side, and on metallic conductive waveguides on the other side. With this work, additional inputs are offered to pursue the investigation on mid-infrared photonics devices.
astro-ph
nulling interferometry is a technique providing high angular resolution which is the core of the space missions darwin and the terrestrail planet finder the first objective is to reach a deep degree of starlight cancelation in the range 6 20 microns in order to observe and to characterize the signal from an earthlike planet among the numerous technological challenges involved in these missions the question of the beam combination and wavefront filtering has an important place a singlemode integrated optics io beam combiner could support both the functions of filtering and the interferometric combination simplifying the instrumental design such a perspective has been explored in this work within the project integrated optics for darwin ioda which aims at developing a first io combiner in the midinfrared the solutions reviewed here to manufacture the combiner are based on infrared dielectric materials on one side and on metallic conductive waveguides on the other side with this work additional inputs are offered to pursue the investigation on midinfrared photonics devices
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707.1702
Radial Alignment in Simulated Clusters
Observational evidence for the radial alignment of satellites with their dark matter host has been accumulating steadily in the past few years. The effect is seen over a wide range of scales, from massive clusters of galaxies down to galaxy-sized systems, yet the underlying physical mechanism has still not been established. To this end, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the shapes and orientations of dark matter substructures in high-resolution N-body cosmological simulations. We find a strong tendency for radial alignment of the substructure with its host halo: the distribution of halo major axes is very anisotropic, with the majority pointing towards the center of mass of the host. The alignment peaks once the sub-halo has passed the virial radius of the host for the first time, but is not subsequently diluted, even after the halos have gone through as many as four pericentric passages. This evidence points to the existence of a very rapid dynamical mechanism acting on these systems and we argue that tidal torquing throughout their orbits is the most likely candidate.
astro-ph
observational evidence for the radial alignment of satellites with their dark matter host has been accumulating steadily in the past few years the effect is seen over a wide range of scales from massive clusters of galaxies down to galaxysized systems yet the underlying physical mechanism has still not been established to this end we have carried out a detailed analysis of the shapes and orientations of dark matter substructures in highresolution nbody cosmological simulations we find a strong tendency for radial alignment of the substructure with its host halo the distribution of halo major axes is very anisotropic with the majority pointing towards the center of mass of the host the alignment peaks once the subhalo has passed the virial radius of the host for the first time but is not subsequently diluted even after the halos have gone through as many as four pericentric passages this evidence points to the existence of a very rapid dynamical mechanism acting on these systems and we argue that tidal torquing throughout their orbits is the most likely candidate
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707.1703
Trapping of Neutral Rubidium with a Macroscopic Three-Phase Electric Trap
We trap neutral ground-state rubidium atoms in a macroscopic trap based on purely electric fields. For this, three electrostatic field configurations are alternated in a periodic manner. The rubidium is precooled in a magneto-optical trap, transferred into a magnetic trap and then translated into the electric trap. The electric trap consists of six rod-shaped electrodes in cubic arrangement, giving ample optical access. Up to 10^5 atoms have been trapped with an initial temperature of around 20 microkelvin in the three-phase electric trap. The observations are in good agreement with detailed numerical simulations.
physics.atom-ph
we trap neutral groundstate rubidium atoms in a macroscopic trap based on purely electric fields for this three electrostatic field configurations are alternated in a periodic manner the rubidium is precooled in a magnetooptical trap transferred into a magnetic trap and then translated into the electric trap the electric trap consists of six rodshaped electrodes in cubic arrangement giving ample optical access up to 105 atoms have been trapped with an initial temperature of around 20 microkelvin in the threephase electric trap the observations are in good agreement with detailed numerical simulations
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707.1704
Non-spectral methods of analysis of the internal gravity waves measurements in ocean
The paper is devoted to the presentation of the non-spectral methods of analysis of the natural measurements of the internal gravity waves in the ocean with the purpose to determine characteristics of the wave-trains composing the measured field, the forms and parameters of the ocean along the pass of these wave-trains propagation. The problem of the analysis of the data of the natural measurements of the internal waves with the purpose to separate the single wave-trains from the measured field, and on this basis to determine the characteristics of these wave-trains, to receive the information on the sources of excitation of the waves, and the information on the properties of the ocean along the pass of the waves propagation, is directly connected with the problems of the wave dynamics. The basis of the offered algorithms of the analysis is the supposition, that the measured wave field represents the sum of the plane wave-trains having the certain speed and directions of propagation. Transformation of the packages of the internal waves, which can be determined by the given methods, may testify about the passage of the wave-trains through the big-size oceanic formations, that makes it possible to remotely determine the characteristics of these formations.
physics.ao-ph physics.flu-dyn
the paper is devoted to the presentation of the nonspectral methods of analysis of the natural measurements of the internal gravity waves in the ocean with the purpose to determine characteristics of the wavetrains composing the measured field the forms and parameters of the ocean along the pass of these wavetrains propagation the problem of the analysis of the data of the natural measurements of the internal waves with the purpose to separate the single wavetrains from the measured field and on this basis to determine the characteristics of these wavetrains to receive the information on the sources of excitation of the waves and the information on the properties of the ocean along the pass of the waves propagation is directly connected with the problems of the wave dynamics the basis of the offered algorithms of the analysis is the supposition that the measured wave field represents the sum of the plane wavetrains having the certain speed and directions of propagation transformation of the packages of the internal waves which can be determined by the given methods may testify about the passage of the wavetrains through the bigsize oceanic formations that makes it possible to remotely determine the characteristics of these formations
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707.1705
Globular clusters with the extended horizontal-branch as remaining cores of galaxy building blocks
The relics of building blocks that made stellar halo and bulge are yet to be discovered unless they were completely disrupted throughout the history of the Galaxy. Here we suggest that about 25% of the Milky Way globular clusters have characteristics of the remaining cores of these early building blocks rather than genuine star clusters. They are clearly distinct from other normal globular clusters in the presence of extended horizontal-branch and multiple stellar populations, in mass (brightness), and most importantly in orbital kinematics. Based on this result, a three-stage formation picture of the Milky Way is suggested, which includes early mergers, collapse, and later accretion.
astro-ph
the relics of building blocks that made stellar halo and bulge are yet to be discovered unless they were completely disrupted throughout the history of the galaxy here we suggest that about 25 of the milky way globular clusters have characteristics of the remaining cores of these early building blocks rather than genuine star clusters they are clearly distinct from other normal globular clusters in the presence of extended horizontalbranch and multiple stellar populations in mass brightness and most importantly in orbital kinematics based on this result a threestage formation picture of the milky way is suggested which includes early mergers collapse and later accretion
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707.1706
Hard-scattering and Jets from RHIC to LHC: a critical review
Jets in hadron collisions are very complicated with a long learning curve replete with errors. In relativistic heavy ion (RHI) collisions, it is likely that jets will be much more complicated with an even longer and more difficult learning curve. Hard scattering is more easily observed via single particle and few particle correlation measurements. The main advantage of jets is higher rate at large $p_T$, plus the possibility of detailed studies of soft fragmentation if the soft fragments can be separated from the background. A critical review of the possibility of using jets as a probe of hard-scattering in RHI collisions is presented along with other probes and measurements which the author considers much more likely to reveal the interesting physics in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. Finally, a list of unanswered questions raised by results at RHIC is presented.
nucl-ex
jets in hadron collisions are very complicated with a long learning curve replete with errors in relativistic heavy ion rhi collisions it is likely that jets will be much more complicated with an even longer and more difficult learning curve hard scattering is more easily observed via single particle and few particle correlation measurements the main advantage of jets is higher rate at large p_t plus the possibility of detailed studies of soft fragmentation if the soft fragments can be separated from the background a critical review of the possibility of using jets as a probe of hardscattering in rhi collisions is presented along with other probes and measurements which the author considers much more likely to reveal the interesting physics in pbpb collisions at the lhc finally a list of unanswered questions raised by results at rhic is presented
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707.1707
Simulating cosmic rays in clusters of galaxies - II. A unified scheme for radio halos and relics with predictions of the gamma-ray emission
The thermal plasma of galaxy clusters lost most of its information on how structure formation proceeded as a result of dissipative processes. In contrast, non-equilibrium distributions of cosmic rays (CR) preserve the information about their injection and transport processes and provide thus a unique window of current and past structure formation processes. This information can be unveiled by observations of non-thermal radiative processes, including radio synchrotron, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray emission. To explore this, we use high-resolution simulations of a sample of galaxy clusters spanning a mass range of about two orders of magnitudes, and follow self-consistent CR physics on top of the radiative hydrodynamics. We model CR electrons that are accelerated at cosmological structure formation shocks and those that are produced in hadronic interactions of CRs with ambient gas protons. We find that CR protons trace the time integrated non-equilibrium activities of clusters while shock-accelerated CR electrons probe current accretion and merging shock waves. The resulting inhomogeneous synchrotron emission matches the properties of observed radio relics. We propose a unified model for the generation of radio halos. Giant radio halos are dominated in the centre by secondary synchrotron emission with a transition to the synchrotron radiation emitted from shock-accelerated electrons in the cluster periphery. This model is able to explain the observed correlation of mergers with radio halos, the larger peripheral variation of the spectral index, and the large scatter in the scaling relation between cluster mass and synchrotron emission. Future low-frequency radio telescopes (LOFAR, GMRT, MWA, LWA) are expected to probe the accretion shocks of clusters. [abridged]
astro-ph
the thermal plasma of galaxy clusters lost most of its information on how structure formation proceeded as a result of dissipative processes in contrast nonequilibrium distributions of cosmic rays cr preserve the information about their injection and transport processes and provide thus a unique window of current and past structure formation processes this information can be unveiled by observations of nonthermal radiative processes including radio synchrotron hard xray and gammaray emission to explore this we use highresolution simulations of a sample of galaxy clusters spanning a mass range of about two orders of magnitudes and follow selfconsistent cr physics on top of the radiative hydrodynamics we model cr electrons that are accelerated at cosmological structure formation shocks and those that are produced in hadronic interactions of crs with ambient gas protons we find that cr protons trace the time integrated nonequilibrium activities of clusters while shockaccelerated cr electrons probe current accretion and merging shock waves the resulting inhomogeneous synchrotron emission matches the properties of observed radio relics we propose a unified model for the generation of radio halos giant radio halos are dominated in the centre by secondary synchrotron emission with a transition to the synchrotron radiation emitted from shockaccelerated electrons in the cluster periphery this model is able to explain the observed correlation of mergers with radio halos the larger peripheral variation of the spectral index and the large scatter in the scaling relation between cluster mass and synchrotron emission future lowfrequency radio telescopes lofar gmrt mwa lwa are expected to probe the accretion shocks of clusters abridged
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707.1708
On certain period relations for cusp forms on GL_n
Let $\pi$ be a regular algebraic cuspidal automorphic representation of ${\rm GL}_n({\mathbb A}_F)$ for a number field $F$. We consider certain periods attached to $\pi$. These periods were originally defined by Harder when $n=2$, and later by Mahnkopf when $F = {\mathbb Q}$. In the first part of the paper we analyze the behaviour of these periods upon twisting $\pi$ by algebraic Hecke characters. In the latter part of the paper we consider Shimura's periods associated to a modular form. If $\phi_{\chi}$ is the cusp form associated to a character $\chi$ of a quadratic extension, then we relate the periods of $\phi_{\chi^n}$ to those of $\phi_{\chi}$, and as a consequence give another proof of Deligne's conjecture on the critical values of symmetric power $L$-functions associated to dihedral modular forms. Finally, we make some remarks on the symmetric fourth power $L$-functions.
math.NT math.RT
let pi be a regular algebraic cuspidal automorphic representation of rm gl_nmathbb a_f for a number field f we consider certain periods attached to pi these periods were originally defined by harder when n2 and later by mahnkopf when f mathbb q in the first part of the paper we analyze the behaviour of these periods upon twisting pi by algebraic hecke characters in the latter part of the paper we consider shimuras periods associated to a modular form if phi_chi is the cusp form associated to a character chi of a quadratic extension then we relate the periods of phi_chin to those of phi_chi and as a consequence give another proof of delignes conjecture on the critical values of symmetric power lfunctions associated to dihedral modular forms finally we make some remarks on the symmetric fourth power lfunctions
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707.1709
W and Z Production and Asymmetries at the Tevatron
An overview of W and Z production in high energy hadron collisions is given. W and Z cross section and asymmetry measurements from CDF and DO are described, with particular emphasis on recent results. The current status of precision W mass and width measurements is reported. The fundamental physics parameters that can be extracted from these measurements are described, and the relevance of W and Z production studies for the LHC is pointed out.
hep-ex
an overview of w and z production in high energy hadron collisions is given w and z cross section and asymmetry measurements from cdf and do are described with particular emphasis on recent results the current status of precision w mass and width measurements is reported the fundamental physics parameters that can be extracted from these measurements are described and the relevance of w and z production studies for the lhc is pointed out
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707.171
Iterating the Pimsner construction
For $A$ a $C^*$-algebra, $E_1, E_2$ two Hilbert bimodules over $A$, and a fixed isomorphism $\chi : E_1\otimes_AE_2\to E_2\otimes_AE_1$, we consider the problem of computing the $K$-theory of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra ${\mathcal O}_{E_2\otimes_A{\mathcal O}_{E_1}}$ obtained by extending the scalars and by iterating the Pimsner construction. The motivating examples are a commutative diagram of Douglas and Howe for the Toeplitz operators on the quarter plane, and the Toeplitz extensions associated by Pimsner and Voiculescu to compute the $K$-theory of a crossed product. The applications are for Hilbert bimodules arising from rank two graphs and from commuting endomorphisms of abelian $C^*$-algebras.
math.OA
for a a calgebra e_1 e_2 two hilbert bimodules over a and a fixed isomorphism chi e_1otimes_ae_2to e_2otimes_ae_1 we consider the problem of computing the ktheory of the cuntzpimsner algebra mathcal o_e_2otimes_amathcal o_e_1 obtained by extending the scalars and by iterating the pimsner construction the motivating examples are a commutative diagram of douglas and howe for the toeplitz operators on the quarter plane and the toeplitz extensions associated by pimsner and voiculescu to compute the ktheory of a crossed product the applications are for hilbert bimodules arising from rank two graphs and from commuting endomorphisms of abelian calgebras
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707.1711
A decreased probability of habitable planet formation around low-mass stars
Smaller terrestrial planets (< 0.3 Earth masses) are less likely to retain the substantial atmospheres and ongoing tectonic activity probably required to support life. A key element in determining if sufficiently massive "sustainably habitable" planets can form is the availability of solid planet-forming material. We use dynamical simulations of terrestrial planet formation from planetary embryos and simple scaling arguments to explore the implications of correlations between terrestrial planet mass, disk mass, and the mass of the parent star. We assume that the protoplanetary disk mass scales with stellar mass as Mdisk ~ f Mstar^h, where f measures the relative disk mass, and 1/2 < h < 2, so that disk mass decreases with decreasing stellar mass. We consider systems without Jovian planets, based on current models and observations for M stars. We assume the mass of a planet formed in some annulus of a disk with given parameters is proportional to the disk mass in that annulus, and show with a suite of simulations of late-stage accretion that the adopted prescription is surprisingly accurate. Our results suggest that the fraction of systems with sufficient disk mass to form > 0.3 Earth mass habitable planets decreases for low-mass stars for every realistic combination of parameters. This "habitable fraction" is small for stellar masses below a mass in the interval 0.5 to 0.8 Solar masses, depending on disk parameters, an interval that excludes most M stars. Radial mixing and therefore water delivery are inefficient in lower-mass disks commonly found around low-mass stars, such that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of most low-mass stars are likely to be small and dry.
astro-ph
smaller terrestrial planets 03 earth masses are less likely to retain the substantial atmospheres and ongoing tectonic activity probably required to support life a key element in determining if sufficiently massive sustainably habitable planets can form is the availability of solid planetforming material we use dynamical simulations of terrestrial planet formation from planetary embryos and simple scaling arguments to explore the implications of correlations between terrestrial planet mass disk mass and the mass of the parent star we assume that the protoplanetary disk mass scales with stellar mass as mdisk f mstarh where f measures the relative disk mass and 12 h 2 so that disk mass decreases with decreasing stellar mass we consider systems without jovian planets based on current models and observations for m stars we assume the mass of a planet formed in some annulus of a disk with given parameters is proportional to the disk mass in that annulus and show with a suite of simulations of latestage accretion that the adopted prescription is surprisingly accurate our results suggest that the fraction of systems with sufficient disk mass to form 03 earth mass habitable planets decreases for lowmass stars for every realistic combination of parameters this habitable fraction is small for stellar masses below a mass in the interval 05 to 08 solar masses depending on disk parameters an interval that excludes most m stars radial mixing and therefore water delivery are inefficient in lowermass disks commonly found around lowmass stars such that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of most lowmass stars are likely to be small and dry
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707.1712
B-Tagging at CDF and DO, Lessons for LHC
The identification of jets resulting from the fragmentation and hadronization of b quarks is an important part of high-pT collider physics. The methods used by the CDF and DO collaborations to perform this identification are described, including the calibration of the efficiencies and fake rates. Some thoughts on the application of these methods in the LHC environment are also presented.
hep-ex
the identification of jets resulting from the fragmentation and hadronization of b quarks is an important part of highpt collider physics the methods used by the cdf and do collaborations to perform this identification are described including the calibration of the efficiencies and fake rates some thoughts on the application of these methods in the lhc environment are also presented
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707.1713
On the self-adjointness and domain of Pauli-Fierz type Hamiltonians
We prove a general theorem about the self-adjointness and domain of Pauli-Fierz type Hamiltonians. Our proof is based on commutator arguments which allow us to treat fields with non-commuting components. As a corollary it follows that the domain of the Hamiltonian of non-relativistic QED with Coulomb interactions is independent of the coupling constant.
math-ph math.MP
we prove a general theorem about the selfadjointness and domain of paulifierz type hamiltonians our proof is based on commutator arguments which allow us to treat fields with noncommuting components as a corollary it follows that the domain of the hamiltonian of nonrelativistic qed with coulomb interactions is independent of the coupling constant
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707.1714
Sampling Algorithms and Coresets for Lp Regression
The Lp regression problem takes as input a matrix $A \in \Real^{n \times d}$, a vector $b \in \Real^n$, and a number $p \in [1,\infty)$, and it returns as output a number ${\cal Z}$ and a vector $x_{opt} \in \Real^d$ such that ${\cal Z} = \min_{x \in \Real^d} ||Ax -b||_p = ||Ax_{opt}-b||_p$. In this paper, we construct coresets and obtain an efficient two-stage sampling-based approximation algorithm for the very overconstrained ($n \gg d$) version of this classical problem, for all $p \in [1, \infty)$. The first stage of our algorithm non-uniformly samples $\hat{r}_1 = O(36^p d^{\max\{p/2+1, p\}+1})$ rows of $A$ and the corresponding elements of $b$, and then it solves the Lp regression problem on the sample; we prove this is an 8-approximation. The second stage of our algorithm uses the output of the first stage to resample $\hat{r}_1/\epsilon^2$ constraints, and then it solves the Lp regression problem on the new sample; we prove this is a $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation. Our algorithm unifies, improves upon, and extends the existing algorithms for special cases of Lp regression, namely $p = 1,2$. In course of proving our result, we develop two concepts--well-conditioned bases and subspace-preserving sampling--that are of independent interest.
cs.DS
the lp regression problem takes as input a matrix a in realn times d a vector b in realn and a number p in 1infty and it returns as output a number cal z and a vector x_opt in reald such that cal z min_x in reald ax b_p ax_optb_p in this paper we construct coresets and obtain an efficient twostage samplingbased approximation algorithm for the very overconstrained n gg d version of this classical problem for all p in 1 infty the first stage of our algorithm nonuniformly samples hatr_1 o36p dmaxp21 p1 rows of a and the corresponding elements of b and then it solves the lp regression problem on the sample we prove this is an 8approximation the second stage of our algorithm uses the output of the first stage to resample hatr_1epsilon2 constraints and then it solves the lp regression problem on the new sample we prove this is a 1epsilonapproximation our algorithm unifies improves upon and extends the existing algorithms for special cases of lp regression namely p 12 in course of proving our result we develop two conceptswellconditioned bases and subspacepreserving samplingthat are of independent interest
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707.1715
Sources of Superlinearity in Davenport-Schinzel Sequences
A generalized Davenport-Schinzel sequence is one over a finite alphabet that contains no subsequences isomorphic to a fixed forbidden subsequence. One of the fundamental problems in this area is bounding (asymptotically) the maximum length of such sequences. Following Klazar, let Ex(\sigma,n) be the maximum length of a sequence over an alphabet of size n avoiding subsequences isomorphic to \sigma. It has been proved that for every \sigma, Ex(\sigma,n) is either linear or very close to linear; in particular it is O(n 2^{\alpha(n)^{O(1)}}), where \alpha is the inverse-Ackermann function and O(1) depends on \sigma. However, very little is known about the properties of \sigma that induce superlinearity of \Ex(\sigma,n). In this paper we exhibit an infinite family of independent superlinear forbidden subsequences. To be specific, we show that there are 17 prototypical superlinear forbidden subsequences, some of which can be made arbitrarily long through a simple padding operation. Perhaps the most novel part of our constructions is a new succinct code for representing superlinear forbidden subsequences.
cs.DM
a generalized davenportschinzel sequence is one over a finite alphabet that contains no subsequences isomorphic to a fixed forbidden subsequence one of the fundamental problems in this area is bounding asymptotically the maximum length of such sequences following klazar let exsigman be the maximum length of a sequence over an alphabet of size n avoiding subsequences isomorphic to sigma it has been proved that for every sigma exsigman is either linear or very close to linear in particular it is on 2alphano1 where alpha is the inverseackermann function and o1 depends on sigma however very little is known about the properties of sigma that induce superlinearity of exsigman in this paper we exhibit an infinite family of independent superlinear forbidden subsequences to be specific we show that there are 17 prototypical superlinear forbidden subsequences some of which can be made arbitrarily long through a simple padding operation perhaps the most novel part of our constructions is a new succinct code for representing superlinear forbidden subsequences
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707.1716
Numerical Calculation With Arbitrary Precision
The vast use of computers on scientific numerical computation makes the awareness of the limited precision that these machines are able to provide us an essential matter. A limited and insufficient precision allied to the truncation and rounding errors may induce the user to incorrect interpretation of his/hers answer. In this work, we have developed a computational package to minimize this kind of error by offering arbitrary precision numbers and calculation. This is very important in Physics where we can work with numbers too small and too big simultaneously.
cs.NA cs.MS
the vast use of computers on scientific numerical computation makes the awareness of the limited precision that these machines are able to provide us an essential matter a limited and insufficient precision allied to the truncation and rounding errors may induce the user to incorrect interpretation of hishers answer in this work we have developed a computational package to minimize this kind of error by offering arbitrary precision numbers and calculation this is very important in physics where we can work with numbers too small and too big simultaneously
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707.1717
On the explicit construction of higher deformations of partition statistics
The modularity of the partition generating function has many important consequences, for example asymptotics and congruences for $p(n)$. In a series of papers the author and Ono \cite{BO1,BO2} connected the rank, a partition statistic introduced by Dyson, to weak Maass forms, a new class of functions which are related to modular forms and which were first considered in \cite{BF}. Here we do a further step towards understanding how weak Maass forms arise from interesting partition statistics by placing certain 2-marked Durfee symbols introduced by Andrews \cite{An1} into the framework of weak Maass forms. To do this we construct a new class of functions which we call quasiweak Maass forms because they have quasimodular forms as components. As an application we prove two conjectures of Andrews. It seems that this new class of functions will play an important role in better understanding weak Maass forms of higher weight themselves, and also their derivatives. As a side product we introduce a new method which enables us to prove transformation laws for generating functions over incomplete lattices.
math.NT
the modularity of the partition generating function has many important consequences for example asymptotics and congruences for pn in a series of papers the author and ono citebo1bo2 connected the rank a partition statistic introduced by dyson to weak maass forms a new class of functions which are related to modular forms and which were first considered in citebf here we do a further step towards understanding how weak maass forms arise from interesting partition statistics by placing certain 2marked durfee symbols introduced by andrews citean1 into the framework of weak maass forms to do this we construct a new class of functions which we call quasiweak maass forms because they have quasimodular forms as components as an application we prove two conjectures of andrews it seems that this new class of functions will play an important role in better understanding weak maass forms of higher weight themselves and also their derivatives as a side product we introduce a new method which enables us to prove transformation laws for generating functions over incomplete lattices
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707.1718
On the subdivision of small categories
We present an intrinsic and concrete development of the subdivision of small categories, give some simple examples and derive its fundamental properties. As an application, we deduce an alternative way to compare the homotopy categories of spaces and small categories, by using partially ordered sets. This yields a new conceptual proof to the well-known fact that these two homotopy categories are equivalent.
math.AT
we present an intrinsic and concrete development of the subdivision of small categories give some simple examples and derive its fundamental properties as an application we deduce an alternative way to compare the homotopy categories of spaces and small categories by using partially ordered sets this yields a new conceptual proof to the wellknown fact that these two homotopy categories are equivalent
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707.1719
The Scientific Method
The nature of the scientific method is controversial with claims that a single scientific method does not even exist. However the scientific method does exist. It is the building of logical and self consistent models to describe nature. The models are constrained by past observations and judged by their ability to correctly predict new observations and interesting phenomena. The observations exist independent of the models but acquire meaning from their context within a model. Observations must be carefully done and reproducible to minimize errors. Models assumptions that do not lead to testable predictions are rejected as unnecessary.
physics.hist-ph physics.ed-ph physics.soc-ph
the nature of the scientific method is controversial with claims that a single scientific method does not even exist however the scientific method does exist it is the building of logical and self consistent models to describe nature the models are constrained by past observations and judged by their ability to correctly predict new observations and interesting phenomena the observations exist independent of the models but acquire meaning from their context within a model observations must be carefully done and reproducible to minimize errors models assumptions that do not lead to testable predictions are rejected as unnecessary
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707.172
Cell Dissociation : A Cohesive Force of Hydrodynamic Origin
When an experimentalist or a biological mechanism applies an external force onto a cell chemically sticking to its substrate, a reacting 'suction' force, due to the slow penetration of the surrounding fluid between the cell and the substrate, opposes to the dissociation. This force can overcome other known adhesive forces when the process is sufficiently violent (typically 100000pN). Its maximal contribution to the total adhesive energy of the cell can then be estimated to 0.002 J/m2. The physical origin of this effect is quite simple, and it may be compared with that leaning a 'suction-cup' against a bathroom wall. We address the consequences of this effect on (i) the dissociation energy, (ii) the motion of the fluid surrounding the cell, more especially, on the pumping of the fluid by moving cells, and (iii) the inhibition of cell motion.
physics.bio-ph
when an experimentalist or a biological mechanism applies an external force onto a cell chemically sticking to its substrate a reacting suction force due to the slow penetration of the surrounding fluid between the cell and the substrate opposes to the dissociation this force can overcome other known adhesive forces when the process is sufficiently violent typically 100000pn its maximal contribution to the total adhesive energy of the cell can then be estimated to 0002 jm2 the physical origin of this effect is quite simple and it may be compared with that leaning a suctioncup against a bathroom wall we address the consequences of this effect on i the dissociation energy ii the motion of the fluid surrounding the cell more especially on the pumping of the fluid by moving cells and iii the inhibition of cell motion
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707.1721
The Bouncing Jet: A Newtonian Liquid Rebounding off a Free Surface
We find that a liquid jet can bounce off a bath of the same liquid if the bath is moving horizontally with respect to the jet. Previous observations of jets rebounding off a bath (e.g. Kaye effect) have been reported only for non-Newtonian fluids, while we observe bouncing jets in a variety of Newtonian fluids, including mineral oil poured by hand. A thin layer of air separates the bouncing jet from the bath, and the relative motion replenishes the film of air. Jets with one or two bounces are stable for a range of viscosity, jet flow rate and velocity, and bath velocity. The bouncing phenomenon exhibits hysteresis and multiple steady states.
physics.flu-dyn
we find that a liquid jet can bounce off a bath of the same liquid if the bath is moving horizontally with respect to the jet previous observations of jets rebounding off a bath eg kaye effect have been reported only for nonnewtonian fluids while we observe bouncing jets in a variety of newtonian fluids including mineral oil poured by hand a thin layer of air separates the bouncing jet from the bath and the relative motion replenishes the film of air jets with one or two bounces are stable for a range of viscosity jet flow rate and velocity and bath velocity the bouncing phenomenon exhibits hysteresis and multiple steady states
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707.1722
Multiplicativity of the maximal output 2-norm for depolarized Werner-Holevo channels
We study the multiplicativity of the output 2-norm for depolarized Werner-Holevo channels and show that multiplicativity holds for a product of two identical channels in this class. Moreover, it shown that the depolarized Werner-Holevo channels do not satisfy the entrywise positivity condition introduced by C. King and M.B. Ruskai, which suggests that the main result is non-trivial.
quant-ph
we study the multiplicativity of the output 2norm for depolarized wernerholevo channels and show that multiplicativity holds for a product of two identical channels in this class moreover it shown that the depolarized wernerholevo channels do not satisfy the entrywise positivity condition introduced by c king and mb ruskai which suggests that the main result is nontrivial
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707.1723
Mass Hierarchy Determination via future Atmospheric Neutrino Detectors
We study the problem of determination of the sign of Delta m^2_{31}, or the neutrino mass hierarchy, through observations of atmospheric neutrinos in future detectors. We consider two proposed detector types : (a) Megaton sized water Cerenkov detectors, which can measure the survival rates of nu_\mu + \bar{\nu}_\mu and nu_e + \bar{\nu}_e and (b) 100 kton sized magnetized iron detectors, which can measure the survival rates of \nu_\mu and \bar{\nu}_\mu. For energies and path-lengths relevant to atmospheric neutrinos, these rates obtain significant matter contributions from P_{\mu e}, P_{\mu \mu} and P_{ee}, leading to an appreciable sensitivity to the hierarchy. We do a binned \chi^2 analysis of simulated data in these two types of detectors which includes the effect of smearing in neutrino energy and direction and incorporates detector efficiencies and relevant statistical, theoretical and systematic errors. We also marginalize the \chi^2 over the allowed ranges of neutrino parameters in order to accurately account for their uncertainties. Finally, we compare the performance of both types of detectors vis a vis the hierarchy determination.
hep-ph hep-ex
we study the problem of determination of the sign of delta m2_31 or the neutrino mass hierarchy through observations of atmospheric neutrinos in future detectors we consider two proposed detector types a megaton sized water cerenkov detectors which can measure the survival rates of nu_mu barnu_mu and nu_e barnu_e and b 100 kton sized magnetized iron detectors which can measure the survival rates of nu_mu and barnu_mu for energies and pathlengths relevant to atmospheric neutrinos these rates obtain significant matter contributions from p_mu e p_mu mu and p_ee leading to an appreciable sensitivity to the hierarchy we do a binned chi2 analysis of simulated data in these two types of detectors which includes the effect of smearing in neutrino energy and direction and incorporates detector efficiencies and relevant statistical theoretical and systematic errors we also marginalize the chi2 over the allowed ranges of neutrino parameters in order to accurately account for their uncertainties finally we compare the performance of both types of detectors vis a vis the hierarchy determination
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707.1724
Strong dispersive coupling of a high finesse cavity to a micromechanical membrane
Macroscopic mechanical objects and electromagnetic degrees of freedom couple to each other via radiation pressure. Optomechanical systems with sufficiently strong coupling are predicted to exhibit quantum effects and are a topic of considerable interest. Devices reaching this regime would offer new types of control of the quantum state of both light and matter and would provide a new arena in which to explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics. Experiments to date have achieved sufficient optomechanical coupling to laser-cool mechanical devices but have not yet reached the quantum regime. The outstanding technical challenge in this field is integrating sensitive micromechanical elements (which must be small, light, and flexible) into high finesse cavities (which are typically much more rigid and massive) without compromising the mechanical or optical properties of either. A second, and more fundamental, challenge is to read out the mechanical element's quantum state: displacement measurements (no matter how sensitive) cannot determine the energy eigenstate of an oscillator, and measurements which couple to quantities other than displacement have been difficult to realize. Here we present a novel optomechanical system which seems to resolve both these challenges. We demonstrate a cavity which is detuned by the motion of a thin dielectric membrane placed between two macroscopic, rigid, high-finesse mirrors. This approach segregates optical and mechanical functionality to physically distinct structures and avoids compromising either. It also allows for direct measurement of the square of the membrane's displacement, and thus in principle the membrane's energy eigenstate. We estimate it should be practical to use this scheme to observe quantum jumps of a mechanical system.
quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hall physics.optics
macroscopic mechanical objects and electromagnetic degrees of freedom couple to each other via radiation pressure optomechanical systems with sufficiently strong coupling are predicted to exhibit quantum effects and are a topic of considerable interest devices reaching this regime would offer new types of control of the quantum state of both light and matter and would provide a new arena in which to explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics experiments to date have achieved sufficient optomechanical coupling to lasercool mechanical devices but have not yet reached the quantum regime the outstanding technical challenge in this field is integrating sensitive micromechanical elements which must be small light and flexible into high finesse cavities which are typically much more rigid and massive without compromising the mechanical or optical properties of either a second and more fundamental challenge is to read out the mechanical elements quantum state displacement measurements no matter how sensitive cannot determine the energy eigenstate of an oscillator and measurements which couple to quantities other than displacement have been difficult to realize here we present a novel optomechanical system which seems to resolve both these challenges we demonstrate a cavity which is detuned by the motion of a thin dielectric membrane placed between two macroscopic rigid highfinesse mirrors this approach segregates optical and mechanical functionality to physically distinct structures and avoids compromising either it also allows for direct measurement of the square of the membranes displacement and thus in principle the membranes energy eigenstate we estimate it should be practical to use this scheme to observe quantum jumps of a mechanical system
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707.1725
Numerical calculation of the combinatorial entropy of partially ordered ice
Using a one-parameter case as an example, we demonstrate that multicanonical simulations allow for accurate estimates of the residual combinatorial entropy of partially ordered ice. For the considered case corrections to an (approximate) analytical formula are found to be small, never exceeding 0.5%. The method allows one as well to calculate combinatorial entropies for many other systems.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph
using a oneparameter case as an example we demonstrate that multicanonical simulations allow for accurate estimates of the residual combinatorial entropy of partially ordered ice for the considered case corrections to an approximate analytical formula are found to be small never exceeding 05 the method allows one as well to calculate combinatorial entropies for many other systems
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707.1726
Stimulated Raman spin coherence and spin-flip induced hole burning in charged GaAs quantum dots
High-resolution spectral hole burning (SHB) in coherent nondegenerate differential transmission spectroscopy discloses spin-trion dynamics in an ensemble of negatively charged quantum dots. In the Voigt geometry, stimulated Raman spin coherence gives rise to Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands on top of the trion spectral hole. The prominent feature of an extremely narrow spike at zero detuning arises from spin population pulsation dynamics. These SHB features confirm coherent electron spin dynamics in charged dots, and the linewidths reveal spin spectral diffusion processes.
cond-mat.mes-hall
highresolution spectral hole burning shb in coherent nondegenerate differential transmission spectroscopy discloses spintrion dynamics in an ensemble of negatively charged quantum dots in the voigt geometry stimulated raman spin coherence gives rise to stokes and antistokes sidebands on top of the trion spectral hole the prominent feature of an extremely narrow spike at zero detuning arises from spin population pulsation dynamics these shb features confirm coherent electron spin dynamics in charged dots and the linewidths reveal spin spectral diffusion processes
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707.1727
Generalised Inverse-Cowling Approximation for Polar $w$-mode Oscillations of Neutron Stars
Adopting the Lindblom-Detweiler formalism for polar oscillations of neutron stars, we study the $w$-mode oscillation and find that the Lagrangian change in pressure, measured by the physical quantity $X$, is negligibly small. Based on this observation, we develop the generalised inverse-Cowling approximation (GICA) with the approximation $X=X'=0$, where $X'$ is the derivative of $X$ with respect to the circumferential radius, for $w$-mode oscillations of neutron stars. Under GICA, $w$-mode oscillations are described by a second-order differential system, which can yield accurate frequencies and damping rates of quasi-normal modes.
astro-ph
adopting the lindblomdetweiler formalism for polar oscillations of neutron stars we study the wmode oscillation and find that the lagrangian change in pressure measured by the physical quantity x is negligibly small based on this observation we develop the generalised inversecowling approximation gica with the approximation xx0 where x is the derivative of x with respect to the circumferential radius for wmode oscillations of neutron stars under gica wmode oscillations are described by a secondorder differential system which can yield accurate frequencies and damping rates of quasinormal modes
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707.1728
The spatio-kinematical structure and distance of the pre-planetary nebula IRAS 19134+2131
Using the VLBA, we have observed H2O maser emission in the pre-planetary nebula IRAS 19134+2131(I19134), in which the H2O maser spectrum has two groups of emission features separated in radial velocity by ~100 km/s. We also obtained optical images of I19134 with the HST to locate the bipolar reflection nebula in this source for the first time. The spatio-kinematical structure of the H2O masers indicates the existence of a fast, collimated (precessing) flow having a projected extent of ~140 mas and an expansion rate of ~1.9 mas/yr on the sky plane, which gives a dynamical age of only ~40 yr. The two detected optical lobes are also separated by ~150 mas in almost the same direction as that of the collimated flow. The good agreement between the extent and orientation of the H2O maser outflow and optical lobes suggests that the lobes have been recently formed along the collimated fast flow. The positions of all of the detected maser features have been measured with respect to the reference source J1925+2106 over one year. Therefore we analyzed maser feature motions that consist of the combination of an annual parallax, a secular motion following Galactic rotation, and the intrinsic motions within the flow. We obtain an annual-parallax distance to I19134 of D~8 kpc kpc and estimate its location in the Galaxy to be (R, theta, z)=(7.4 kpc, 62 deg, 0.65 kpc). From the mean motion of the blue-shifted and red-shifted clusters of maser features, we estimate the 3-D secular motion of I19134 to be (V_{R}, V_{theta}, V_{z})=(3, 125, 8) [km/s]. From the height from the Galactic plane, z, and the velocity component perpendicular to the Galactic plane, V_{z}, we estimate a rough upper limit of ~9 M_{sun} to the stellar mass of I19134's progenitor.
astro-ph
using the vlba we have observed h2o maser emission in the preplanetary nebula iras 191342131i19134 in which the h2o maser spectrum has two groups of emission features separated in radial velocity by 100 kms we also obtained optical images of i19134 with the hst to locate the bipolar reflection nebula in this source for the first time the spatiokinematical structure of the h2o masers indicates the existence of a fast collimated precessing flow having a projected extent of 140 mas and an expansion rate of 19 masyr on the sky plane which gives a dynamical age of only 40 yr the two detected optical lobes are also separated by 150 mas in almost the same direction as that of the collimated flow the good agreement between the extent and orientation of the h2o maser outflow and optical lobes suggests that the lobes have been recently formed along the collimated fast flow the positions of all of the detected maser features have been measured with respect to the reference source j19252106 over one year therefore we analyzed maser feature motions that consist of the combination of an annual parallax a secular motion following galactic rotation and the intrinsic motions within the flow we obtain an annualparallax distance to i19134 of d8 kpc kpc and estimate its location in the galaxy to be r theta z74 kpc 62 deg 065 kpc from the mean motion of the blueshifted and redshifted clusters of maser features we estimate the 3d secular motion of i19134 to be v_r v_theta v_z3 125 8 kms from the height from the galactic plane z and the velocity component perpendicular to the galactic plane v_z we estimate a rough upper limit of 9 m_sun to the stellar mass of i19134s progenitor
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707.1729
Entanglement-Resistant Two-Prover Interactive Proof Systems and Non-Adaptive Private Information Retrieval Systems
We show that, for any language in NP, there is an entanglement-resistant constant-bit two-prover interactive proof system with a constant completeness vs. soundness gap. The previously proposed classical two-prover constant-bit interactive proof systems are known not to be entanglement-resistant. This is currently the strongest expressive power of any known constant-bit answer multi-prover interactive proof system that achieves a constant gap. Our result is based on an "oracularizing" property of certain private information retrieval systems, which may be of independent interest.
quant-ph
we show that for any language in np there is an entanglementresistant constantbit twoprover interactive proof system with a constant completeness vs soundness gap the previously proposed classical twoprover constantbit interactive proof systems are known not to be entanglementresistant this is currently the strongest expressive power of any known constantbit answer multiprover interactive proof system that achieves a constant gap our result is based on an oracularizing property of certain private information retrieval systems which may be of independent interest
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