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708.0849
The mass-critical nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with radial data in dimensions three and higher
We establish global well-posedness and scattering for solutions to the mass-critical nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation $iu_t + \Delta u = \pm |u|^{4/d} u$ for large spherically symmetric L^2_x(R^d) initial data in dimensions $d\geq 3$. In the focusing case we require that the mass is strictly less than that of the ground state. As a consequence, we obtain that in the focusing case, any spherically symmetric blowup solution must concentrate at least the mass of the ground state at the blowup time.
math.AP
we establish global wellposedness and scattering for solutions to the masscritical nonlinear schrodinger equation iu_t delta u pm u4d u for large spherically symmetric l2_xrd initial data in dimensions dgeq 3 in the focusing case we require that the mass is strictly less than that of the ground state as a consequence we obtain that in the focusing case any spherically symmetric blowup solution must concentrate at least the mass of the ground state at the blowup time
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708.085
Relations between random coding exponents and the statistical physics of random codes
The partition function pertaining to finite--temperature decoding of a (typical) randomly chosen code is known to have three types of behavior, corresponding to three phases in the plane of rate vs. temperature: the {\it ferromagnetic phase}, corresponding to correct decoding, the {\it paramagnetic phase}, of complete disorder, which is dominated by exponentially many incorrect codewords, and the {\it glassy phase} (or the condensed phase), where the system is frozen at minimum energy and dominated by subexponentially many incorrect codewords. We show that the statistical physics associated with the two latter phases are intimately related to random coding exponents. In particular, the exponent associated with the probability of correct decoding at rates above capacity is directly related to the free energy in the glassy phase, and the exponent associated with probability of error (the error exponent) at rates below capacity, is strongly related to the free energy in the paramagnetic phase. In fact, we derive alternative expressions of these exponents in terms of the corresponding free energies, and make an attempt to obtain some insights from these expressions. Finally, as a side result, we also compare the phase diagram associated with a simple finite-temperature universal decoder for discrete memoryless channels, to that of the finite--temperature decoder that is aware of the channel statistics.
cs.IT math.IT
the partition function pertaining to finitetemperature decoding of a typical randomly chosen code is known to have three types of behavior corresponding to three phases in the plane of rate vs temperature the it ferromagnetic phase corresponding to correct decoding the it paramagnetic phase of complete disorder which is dominated by exponentially many incorrect codewords and the it glassy phase or the condensed phase where the system is frozen at minimum energy and dominated by subexponentially many incorrect codewords we show that the statistical physics associated with the two latter phases are intimately related to random coding exponents in particular the exponent associated with the probability of correct decoding at rates above capacity is directly related to the free energy in the glassy phase and the exponent associated with probability of error the error exponent at rates below capacity is strongly related to the free energy in the paramagnetic phase in fact we derive alternative expressions of these exponents in terms of the corresponding free energies and make an attempt to obtain some insights from these expressions finally as a side result we also compare the phase diagram associated with a simple finitetemperature universal decoder for discrete memoryless channels to that of the finitetemperature decoder that is aware of the channel statistics
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708.0851
Towards linear phononics and nonlocality tests in ion traps
We explore the possibility to manipulate massive, i.e. motional, degrees of freedom of trapped ions. In particular, we demonstrate that, if local control of the trapping frequencies is achieved, one can reproduce the full toolbox of linear optics on radial modes. Furthermore, assuming only global control of the trapping potential, we show that unprecedented degrees of continuous variable entanglement can be obtained and that nonlocality tests with massive degrees of freedom can be carried out.
quant-ph
we explore the possibility to manipulate massive ie motional degrees of freedom of trapped ions in particular we demonstrate that if local control of the trapping frequencies is achieved one can reproduce the full toolbox of linear optics on radial modes furthermore assuming only global control of the trapping potential we show that unprecedented degrees of continuous variable entanglement can be obtained and that nonlocality tests with massive degrees of freedom can be carried out
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708.0852
Starbursts in the Local Universe: new HST/ACS observations of the irregular galaxy NGC 4449
We present photometry with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of stars in the Magellanic starburst galaxy NGC 4449. The galaxy has been imaged in the F435W (B), F555W (V) and F814W (I) broad-band filters, and in the F658N (Halpha) narrow-band filter. Our photometry includes ~300,000 objects in the (B, V) color-magnitude diagram (CMD) down to V < 28, and ~400,000 objects in the (V, I) CMD, down to I < 27 . A subsample of ~200,000 stars has been photometrized in all the three bands simultaneously. The features observed in the CMDs imply a variety of stellar ages up to at least 1 Gyr, and possibly as old as a Hubble time. The spatial variation of the CMD morphology and of the red giant branch colors point toward the presence of an age gradient: young and intermediate-age stars tend to be concentrated toward the galactic center, while old stars are present everywhere. The spatial variation in the average luminosity of carbon stars suggests that there is not a strong metallicity gradient (< 0.2 dex). Also, we detect an interesting resolved star cluster on the West side of the galaxy, surrounded by a symmetric tidal or spiral feature consisting of young stars. The positions of the stars in NGC 4449 younger than 10 Myr are strongly correlated with the Halpha emission. We derive the distance of NGC 4449 from the tip of the red giant branch to be D=3.82 \pm 0.27 Mpc. This result is in agreement with the distance that we derive from the luminosity of the carbon stars.
astro-ph
we present photometry with the advanced camera for surveys acs on the hubble space telescope hst of stars in the magellanic starburst galaxy ngc 4449 the galaxy has been imaged in the f435w b f555w v and f814w i broadband filters and in the f658n halpha narrowband filter our photometry includes 300000 objects in the b v colormagnitude diagram cmd down to v 28 and 400000 objects in the v i cmd down to i 27 a subsample of 200000 stars has been photometrized in all the three bands simultaneously the features observed in the cmds imply a variety of stellar ages up to at least 1 gyr and possibly as old as a hubble time the spatial variation of the cmd morphology and of the red giant branch colors point toward the presence of an age gradient young and intermediateage stars tend to be concentrated toward the galactic center while old stars are present everywhere the spatial variation in the average luminosity of carbon stars suggests that there is not a strong metallicity gradient 02 dex also we detect an interesting resolved star cluster on the west side of the galaxy surrounded by a symmetric tidal or spiral feature consisting of young stars the positions of the stars in ngc 4449 younger than 10 myr are strongly correlated with the halpha emission we derive the distance of ngc 4449 from the tip of the red giant branch to be d382 pm 027 mpc this result is in agreement with the distance that we derive from the luminosity of the carbon stars
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708.0853
Embeddings of discrete groups and the speed of random walks
For a finitely generated group G and a banach space X let \alpha^*_X(G) (respectively \alpha^#_X(G)) be the supremum over all \alpha\ge 0 such that there exists a Lipschitz mapping (respectively an equivariant mapping) f:G\to X and c>0 such that for all x,y\in G we have \|f(x)-f(y)\|\ge c\cdot d_G(x,y)^\alpha. In particular, the Hilbert compression exponent (respectively the equivariant Hilbert compression exponent) of G is \alpha^*(G)=\alpha^*_{L_2}(G) (respectively \alpha^#(G)= \alpha_{L_2}^#(G)). We show that if X has modulus of smoothness of power type p, then \alpha^#_X(G)\le \frac{1}{p\beta^*(G)}. Here \beta^*(G) is the largest \beta\ge 0 for which there exists a set of generators S of G and c>0 such that for all t\in \N we have \E\big[d_G(W_t,e)\big]\ge ct^\beta, where \{W_t\}_{t=0}^\infty is the canonical simple random walk on the Cayley graph of G determined by S, starting at the identity element. This result is sharp when X=L_p, generalizes a theorem of Guentner and Kaminker and answers a question posed by Tessera. We also show that if \alpha^*(G)\ge 1/2 then \alpha^*(G\bwr \Z)\ge \frac{2\alpha^*(G)}{2\alpha^*(G)+1}. This improves the previous bound due to Stalder and ValetteWe deduce that if we write \Z_{(1)}= \Z and \Z_{(k+1)}\coloneqq \Z_{(k)}\bwr \Z then \alpha^*(\Z_{(k)})=\frac{1}{2-2^{1-k}}, and use this result to answer a question posed by Tessera in on the relation between the Hilbert compression exponent and the isoperimetric profile of the balls in G. We also show that the cyclic lamplighter groups C_2\bwr C_n embed into L_1 with uniformly bounded distortion, answering a question posed by Lee, Naor and Peres. Finally, we use these results to show that edge Markov type need not imply Enflo type.
math.MG math.FA math.GR
for a finitely generated group g and a banach space x let alpha_xg respectively alpha_xg be the supremum over all alphage 0 such that there exists a lipschitz mapping respectively an equivariant mapping fgto x and c0 such that for all xyin g we have fxfyge ccdot d_gxyalpha in particular the hilbert compression exponent respectively the equivariant hilbert compression exponent of g is alphagalpha_l_2g respectively alphag alpha_l_2g we show that if x has modulus of smoothness of power type p then alpha_xgle frac1pbetag here betag is the largest betage 0 for which there exists a set of generators s of g and c0 such that for all tin n we have ebigd_gw_tebigge ctbeta where w_t_t0infty is the canonical simple random walk on the cayley graph of g determined by s starting at the identity element this result is sharp when xl_p generalizes a theorem of guentner and kaminker and answers a question posed by tessera we also show that if alphagge 12 then alphagbwr zge frac2alphag2alphag1 this improves the previous bound due to stalder and valettewe deduce that if we write z_1 z and z_k1coloneqq z_kbwr z then alphaz_kfrac1221k and use this result to answer a question posed by tessera in on the relation between the hilbert compression exponent and the isoperimetric profile of the balls in g we also show that the cyclic lamplighter groups c_2bwr c_n embed into l_1 with uniformly bounded distortion answering a question posed by lee naor and peres finally we use these results to show that edge markov type need not imply enflo type
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708.0854
On the point spectrum of some perturbed differential operators with periodic coefficients
Finiteness of the point spectrum of linear operators acting in a Banach space is investigated from point of view of perturbation theory. In the first part of the paper we present an abstract result based on analytical continuation of the resolvent function through continuous spectrum. In the second part, the abstract result is applied to differential operators which can be represented as a differential operator with periodic coefficients perturbed by an arbitrary subordinated differential operator.
math.SP math.FA
finiteness of the point spectrum of linear operators acting in a banach space is investigated from point of view of perturbation theory in the first part of the paper we present an abstract result based on analytical continuation of the resolvent function through continuous spectrum in the second part the abstract result is applied to differential operators which can be represented as a differential operator with periodic coefficients perturbed by an arbitrary subordinated differential operator
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708.0855
Kinetic corrections to B -> X_c l nu at one loop
We evaluate the one-loop corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the kinetic operator in the operator product expansion of the differential B -> X_c l nu decay rate. With a moderate cut on the lepton energy, the one-loop terms change the kinetic operator contributions to spectral moments by about 20%. This amounts to a small correction for leptonic and hadronic moments, except for those which vanish at the lowest order, where the effect can be sizable. Together with a two-loop calculation of the leading-power rate and an evaluation of the one-loop corrections to the Wilson coefficient of the chromo-magnetic operator, our results will allow for a high-precision determination of |V_cb| and the b- and c-quark masses.
hep-ph
we evaluate the oneloop corrections to the wilson coefficient of the kinetic operator in the operator product expansion of the differential b x_c l nu decay rate with a moderate cut on the lepton energy the oneloop terms change the kinetic operator contributions to spectral moments by about 20 this amounts to a small correction for leptonic and hadronic moments except for those which vanish at the lowest order where the effect can be sizable together with a twoloop calculation of the leadingpower rate and an evaluation of the oneloop corrections to the wilson coefficient of the chromomagnetic operator our results will allow for a highprecision determination of v_cb and the b and cquark masses
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708.0856
Triple oscillating field technique for accurate measurements of couplings in homonuclear spin systems
We present a new concept for homonuclear dipolar recoupling in magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR experiments which avoids the problem of dipolar truncation. This is accomplished through the introduction of a new NMR pulse sequence design principle: the triple oscillating field technique. We demonstrate this technique as an efficient means to accomplish broadband dipolar recoupling of homonuclear spins, while decoupling heteronuclear dipolar couplings and anisotropic chemicals shifts and retaining influence from isotropic chemical shifts. In this manner, it possible to synthesize Ising interactions in homonuclear spin networks and thereby avoid dipolar truncation - a serious problem essentially all previous homonuclear dipolar recoupling experiments suffer from. Combination of this recoupling concept with rotor assisted dipolar refocusing enables easy readout of internuclear distances through comparison with analytical Fresnel curves. This forms the basis for a new class of solid-state NMR experiments with potential for structure analysis of uniformly carbon labelled proteins through accurate measurement of {13}C-{13}C internuclear distances. The concept is demonstrated experimentally by measurement of C_alpha-C', C_\beta-C', and C_\gamma-C' internuclear distances in powder samples of the amino acids \textit{L}-alanine and \textit{L}-threonine.
quant-ph
we present a new concept for homonuclear dipolar recoupling in magicanglespinning mas solidstate nmr experiments which avoids the problem of dipolar truncation this is accomplished through the introduction of a new nmr pulse sequence design principle the triple oscillating field technique we demonstrate this technique as an efficient means to accomplish broadband dipolar recoupling of homonuclear spins while decoupling heteronuclear dipolar couplings and anisotropic chemicals shifts and retaining influence from isotropic chemical shifts in this manner it possible to synthesize ising interactions in homonuclear spin networks and thereby avoid dipolar truncation a serious problem essentially all previous homonuclear dipolar recoupling experiments suffer from combination of this recoupling concept with rotor assisted dipolar refocusing enables easy readout of internuclear distances through comparison with analytical fresnel curves this forms the basis for a new class of solidstate nmr experiments with potential for structure analysis of uniformly carbon labelled proteins through accurate measurement of 13c13c internuclear distances the concept is demonstrated experimentally by measurement of c_alphac c_betac and c_gammac internuclear distances in powder samples of the amino acids textitlalanine and textitlthreonine
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708.0857
The effects of clumping on wind line variability
We review the effects of clumping on the profiles of resonance doublets. By allowing the ratio of the doublet oscillator strenghts to be a free parameter, we demonstrate that doublet profiles contain more information than is normally utilized. In clumped (or porous) winds, this ratio can lies between unity and the ratio of the f-values, and can change as a function of velocity and time, depending on the fraction of the stellar disk that is covered by material moving at a particular velocity at a given moment. Using these insights, we present the results of SEI modeling of a sample of B supergiants, zeta Pup and a time series for a star whose terminal velocity is low enough to make the components of its Si IV 1400 doublet independent. These results are interpreted within the framework of the Oskinova et al. (2007) model, and demonstrate how the doublet profiles can be used to extract infromation about wind structure.
astro-ph
we review the effects of clumping on the profiles of resonance doublets by allowing the ratio of the doublet oscillator strenghts to be a free parameter we demonstrate that doublet profiles contain more information than is normally utilized in clumped or porous winds this ratio can lies between unity and the ratio of the fvalues and can change as a function of velocity and time depending on the fraction of the stellar disk that is covered by material moving at a particular velocity at a given moment using these insights we present the results of sei modeling of a sample of b supergiants zeta pup and a time series for a star whose terminal velocity is low enough to make the components of its si iv 1400 doublet independent these results are interpreted within the framework of the oskinova et al 2007 model and demonstrate how the doublet profiles can be used to extract infromation about wind structure
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708.0858
Fermi-surface calculation of the anomalous Hall conductivity
While the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity is normally written in terms of an integral of the electronic Berry curvature over the occupied portions of the Brillouin zone, Haldane has recently pointed out that this quantity (or more precisely, its ``non-quantized part'') may alternatively be expressed as a Fermi-surface property. Here we present an {\it ab-initio} approach for computing the anomalous Hall conductivity that takes advantage of this observation by converting the integral over the Fermi sea into a more efficient integral on the Fermi surface only. First, a conventional electronic-structure calculation is performed with spin-orbit interaction included. Maximally-localized Wannier functions are then constructed by a post-processing step in order to convert the {\it ab-initio} electronic structure around the Fermi level into a tight-binding-like form. Working in the Wannier representation, the Brillouin zone is sampled on a large number of equally spaced parallel slices oriented normal to the total magnetization. On each slice, we find the intersections of the Fermi-surface sheets with the slice by standard contour methods, organize these into a set of closed loops, and compute the Berry phases of the Bloch states as they are transported around these loops. The anomalous Hall conductivity is proportional to the sum of the Berry phases of all the loops on all the slices. Illustrative calculations are performed for Fe, Co and Ni.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
while the intrinsic anomalous hall conductivity is normally written in terms of an integral of the electronic berry curvature over the occupied portions of the brillouin zone haldane has recently pointed out that this quantity or more precisely its nonquantized part may alternatively be expressed as a fermisurface property here we present an it abinitio approach for computing the anomalous hall conductivity that takes advantage of this observation by converting the integral over the fermi sea into a more efficient integral on the fermi surface only first a conventional electronicstructure calculation is performed with spinorbit interaction included maximallylocalized wannier functions are then constructed by a postprocessing step in order to convert the it abinitio electronic structure around the fermi level into a tightbindinglike form working in the wannier representation the brillouin zone is sampled on a large number of equally spaced parallel slices oriented normal to the total magnetization on each slice we find the intersections of the fermisurface sheets with the slice by standard contour methods organize these into a set of closed loops and compute the berry phases of the bloch states as they are transported around these loops the anomalous hall conductivity is proportional to the sum of the berry phases of all the loops on all the slices illustrative calculations are performed for fe co and ni
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708.0859
Exponential Separation of Quantum and Classical Non-Interactive Multi-Party Communication Complexity
We give the first exponential separation between quantum and classical multi-party communication complexity in the (non-interactive) one-way and simultaneous message passing settings. For every k, we demonstrate a relational communication problem between k parties that can be solved exactly by a quantum simultaneous message passing protocol of cost O(log n) and requires protocols of cost n^{c/k^2}, where c>0 is a constant, in the classical non-interactive one-way message passing model with shared randomness and bounded error. Thus our separation of corresponding communication classes is superpolynomial as long as k=o(\sqrt{\log n / \log\log n}) and exponential for k=O(1).
quant-ph
we give the first exponential separation between quantum and classical multiparty communication complexity in the noninteractive oneway and simultaneous message passing settings for every k we demonstrate a relational communication problem between k parties that can be solved exactly by a quantum simultaneous message passing protocol of cost olog n and requires protocols of cost nck2 where c0 is a constant in the classical noninteractive oneway message passing model with shared randomness and bounded error thus our separation of corresponding communication classes is superpolynomial as long as kosqrtlog n loglog n and exponential for ko1
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708.086
Establishing the nature of companion candidates to X-ray emitting late B-type stars
The most favored interpretation for the detection of X-ray emission from late B-type stars is that these stars have a yet undiscovered late-type companion (or an unbound nearby late-type star) that produces the X-rays. Several faint IR objects at (sub)-arcsecond separation from B-type stars have been uncovered in our earlier adaptive optics imaging observations, and some of them have been followed up with the high spatial resolution of the Chandra X-ray observatory, pinpointing the X-ray emitter. However, firm conclusions on their nature requires a search for spectroscopic signatures of youth. Here we report on our recent ISAAC observations carried out in low resolution spectroscopic mode. Equivalent widths have been used to obtain information on spectral types of the companions. All eight X-ray emitting systems with late B-type primaries studied contain dwarf like companions with spectral types later than A7. The only system in the sample where the companion turns out to be of early spectral type is not an X-ray source. These results are consistent with the assumption that the observed X-ray emission from late B-type stars is produced by an active pre-main sequence companion star.
astro-ph
the most favored interpretation for the detection of xray emission from late btype stars is that these stars have a yet undiscovered latetype companion or an unbound nearby latetype star that produces the xrays several faint ir objects at subarcsecond separation from btype stars have been uncovered in our earlier adaptive optics imaging observations and some of them have been followed up with the high spatial resolution of the chandra xray observatory pinpointing the xray emitter however firm conclusions on their nature requires a search for spectroscopic signatures of youth here we report on our recent isaac observations carried out in low resolution spectroscopic mode equivalent widths have been used to obtain information on spectral types of the companions all eight xray emitting systems with late btype primaries studied contain dwarf like companions with spectral types later than a7 the only system in the sample where the companion turns out to be of early spectral type is not an xray source these results are consistent with the assumption that the observed xray emission from late btype stars is produced by an active premain sequence companion star
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708.0861
Shot-Noise-Limited Operation of a Fast Quantum-Point-Contact Charge Sensor
We have operated a quantum point contact (QPC) charge detector in a radio frequency (RF) mode that allows fast charge detection in a bandwidth of tens of megahertz. We find that the charge sensitivity of the RF-QPC is limited not by the noise of a secondary amplifier, but by non-equilibrium noise f the QPC itself. We have performed frequency-resolved measurements of the noise within a 10 MHz bandwidth around our carrier wave. When averaged over our bandwidth, we find that the noise is in good agreement with the theory of photon-assisted shot noise. Our measurements also reveal strong frequency dependence of the noise, asymmetry with respect to the carrier wave, the appearance of sharp local maxima that are correlated with mechanical degrees of freedom in the sample, and noise suppression indicative of many-body physics near the 0.7 structure.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we have operated a quantum point contact qpc charge detector in a radio frequency rf mode that allows fast charge detection in a bandwidth of tens of megahertz we find that the charge sensitivity of the rfqpc is limited not by the noise of a secondary amplifier but by nonequilibrium noise f the qpc itself we have performed frequencyresolved measurements of the noise within a 10 mhz bandwidth around our carrier wave when averaged over our bandwidth we find that the noise is in good agreement with the theory of photonassisted shot noise our measurements also reveal strong frequency dependence of the noise asymmetry with respect to the carrier wave the appearance of sharp local maxima that are correlated with mechanical degrees of freedom in the sample and noise suppression indicative of manybody physics near the 07 structure
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708.0862
Reliability of temporal coding on pulse-coupled networks of oscillators
We study the reliability of spike output in a general class of pulse-coupled oscillators receiving a fluctuating input. Showing that this problem is equivalent to noise-induced synchronization between identical networks of oscillators, we employ the phase reduction method to analytically derive the average Lyapunov exponent of the synchronized state. We show that a transition occurs between reliable and unreliable responses at a critical coupling strength, which is determined through the competition between the external input and recurrent input. To our surprise, the critical value does not depend on intrinsic properties of oscillators.
nlin.AO cond-mat.dis-nn q-bio.NC
we study the reliability of spike output in a general class of pulsecoupled oscillators receiving a fluctuating input showing that this problem is equivalent to noiseinduced synchronization between identical networks of oscillators we employ the phase reduction method to analytically derive the average lyapunov exponent of the synchronized state we show that a transition occurs between reliable and unreliable responses at a critical coupling strength which is determined through the competition between the external input and recurrent input to our surprise the critical value does not depend on intrinsic properties of oscillators
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708.0863
Enhance synchronizability via age-based coupling
In this brief report, we study the synchronization of growing scale-free networks. An asymmetrical age-based coupling method is proposed with only one free parameter $\alpha$. Although the coupling matrix is asymmetric, our coupling method could guarantee that all the eigenvalues are non-negative reals. The eigneratio R will approach to 1 in the large limit of $\alpha$.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech
in this brief report we study the synchronization of growing scalefree networks an asymmetrical agebased coupling method is proposed with only one free parameter alpha although the coupling matrix is asymmetric our coupling method could guarantee that all the eigenvalues are nonnegative reals the eigneratio r will approach to 1 in the large limit of alpha
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708.0864
The Local Void is Really Empty
Are voids in the distribution of galaxies only places with reduced matter density and low star formation efficiency or are they empty of matter? There is now compelling evidence of expansion away from the Local Void at very high velocities. The motion is most reasonably interpreted as an evacuation of the void, which requires that the void be very large and very empty.
astro-ph
are voids in the distribution of galaxies only places with reduced matter density and low star formation efficiency or are they empty of matter there is now compelling evidence of expansion away from the local void at very high velocities the motion is most reasonably interpreted as an evacuation of the void which requires that the void be very large and very empty
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708.0865
The effect of memory on functional large deviations of infinite moving average processes
The large deviations of an infinite moving average process with exponentially light tails are very similar to those of an i.i.d. sequence as long as the coefficients decay fast enough. If they do not, the large deviations change dramatically. We study this phenomenon in the context of functional large, moderate and huge deviation principles.
math.PR
the large deviations of an infinite moving average process with exponentially light tails are very similar to those of an iid sequence as long as the coefficients decay fast enough if they do not the large deviations change dramatically we study this phenomenon in the context of functional large moderate and huge deviation principles
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708.0866
Singular Potentials in Quantum Mechanics and Ambiguity in the Self-Adjoint Hamiltonian
For a class of singular potentials, including the Coulomb potential (in three and less dimensions) and $V(x) = g/x^2$ with the coefficient $g$ in a certain range ($x$ being a space coordinate in one or more dimensions), the corresponding Schr\"odinger operator is not automatically self-adjoint on its natural domain. Such operators admit more than one self-adjoint domain, and the spectrum and all physical consequences depend seriously on the self-adjoint version chosen. The article discusses how the self-adjoint domains can be identified in terms of a boundary condition for the asymptotic behaviour of the wave functions around the singularity, and what physical differences emerge for different self-adjoint versions of the Hamiltonian. The paper reviews and interprets known results, with the intention to provide a practical guide for all those interested in how to approach these ambiguous situations.
quant-ph
for a class of singular potentials including the coulomb potential in three and less dimensions and vx gx2 with the coefficient g in a certain range x being a space coordinate in one or more dimensions the corresponding schrodinger operator is not automatically selfadjoint on its natural domain such operators admit more than one selfadjoint domain and the spectrum and all physical consequences depend seriously on the selfadjoint version chosen the article discusses how the selfadjoint domains can be identified in terms of a boundary condition for the asymptotic behaviour of the wave functions around the singularity and what physical differences emerge for different selfadjoint versions of the hamiltonian the paper reviews and interprets known results with the intention to provide a practical guide for all those interested in how to approach these ambiguous situations
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708.0867
Gauge Theory Model of the Neutrino and New Physics Beyond the Standard Model
Majorana features of neutrinos and SO(3) gauge symmetry of three families enable us to construct a gauge model of neutrino for understanding naturally the observed smallness of neutrino masses and the nearly tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing when combining together with the mechanism of approximate global U(1) family symmetry. The vacuum structure of SO(3) symmetry breaking is found to play an important role. The mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ and CP-violating phases governed by the vacuum of spontaneous symmetry breaking are in general non-zero and testable experimentally at the allowed sensitivity. The model predicts the existence of vector-like SO(3) triplet charged leptons and vector-like SO(3) triplet Majorana neutrinos as well as SO(3) tri-triplet Higgs bosons, some of them can be light and explored at the colliders LHC and ILC.
hep-ph
majorana features of neutrinos and so3 gauge symmetry of three families enable us to construct a gauge model of neutrino for understanding naturally the observed smallness of neutrino masses and the nearly tribimaximal neutrino mixing when combining together with the mechanism of approximate global u1 family symmetry the vacuum structure of so3 symmetry breaking is found to play an important role the mixing angle theta_13 and cpviolating phases governed by the vacuum of spontaneous symmetry breaking are in general nonzero and testable experimentally at the allowed sensitivity the model predicts the existence of vectorlike so3 triplet charged leptons and vectorlike so3 triplet majorana neutrinos as well as so3 tritriplet higgs bosons some of them can be light and explored at the colliders lhc and ilc
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708.0868
An Improved Semi-Analytical Spherical Collapse Model for Non-linear Density Evolution
We derive a semi-analytical extension of the spherical collapse model of structure formation that takes account of the effects of deviations from spherical symmetry and shell crossing which are important in the non-linear regime. Our model is designed so that it predicts a relation between the peculiar velocity and density contrast that agrees with the results of N-body simulations in the region where such a comparison can sensibly be made. Prior to turnaround, when the unmodified spherical collapse model is expect to be a good approximation, the predictions of the two models coincide almost exactly. The effects of a late time dominating dark energy component are also taken into account. The improved spherical collapse model is a useful tool when one requires a good approximation not just to the evolution of the density contrast but also its trajectory. Moreover, the analytical fitting formulae presented is simple enough to be used anywhere where the standard spherical collapse might be used but with the advantage that it includes a realistic model of the effects of virialisation.
astro-ph gr-qc
we derive a semianalytical extension of the spherical collapse model of structure formation that takes account of the effects of deviations from spherical symmetry and shell crossing which are important in the nonlinear regime our model is designed so that it predicts a relation between the peculiar velocity and density contrast that agrees with the results of nbody simulations in the region where such a comparison can sensibly be made prior to turnaround when the unmodified spherical collapse model is expect to be a good approximation the predictions of the two models coincide almost exactly the effects of a late time dominating dark energy component are also taken into account the improved spherical collapse model is a useful tool when one requires a good approximation not just to the evolution of the density contrast but also its trajectory moreover the analytical fitting formulae presented is simple enough to be used anywhere where the standard spherical collapse might be used but with the advantage that it includes a realistic model of the effects of virialisation
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708.0869
Asymptotic Curvature Decay and Removal of Singularities of Bach-Flat Metrics
We prove a removal of singularities result for Bach-flat metrics in dimension 4 under the assumption of bounded L^2 norm of curvature, bounded Sobolev constant and a volume growth bound. This result extends the removal of singularities result for special classes of Bach-flat metrics obtained in \cite{TVMOD}. For the proof we analyze the decay rates of solutions to the Bach-flat equation linearized around a flat metric. This classification is used to prove that Bach-flat cones are in fact ALE of order $\tau$ for any $\tau < 2$. This result is then used to prove the removal of singularities theorem.
math.DG math.AP
we prove a removal of singularities result for bachflat metrics in dimension 4 under the assumption of bounded l2 norm of curvature bounded sobolev constant and a volume growth bound this result extends the removal of singularities result for special classes of bachflat metrics obtained in citetvmod for the proof we analyze the decay rates of solutions to the bachflat equation linearized around a flat metric this classification is used to prove that bachflat cones are in fact ale of order tau for any tau 2 this result is then used to prove the removal of singularities theorem
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708.087
Milky Way Kinematics: Measurements at the Subcentral Point of the Fourth Quadrant
We use atomic hydrogen (HI) data from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey to study the kinematics of the fourth quadrant of the Milky Way. By measuring the terminal velocity as a function of longitude throughout the fourth Galactic quadrant we have derived the most densely sampled rotation curve available for the Milky Way between 3 < R < 8 kpc. We determine a new joint rotation curve fit for the first and fourth quadrants, which can be used for kinematic distances interior to the Solar circle. From our data we place new limits on the peak to peak variation of streaming motions in the fourth quadrant to be ~10 km/s. We show that the shape of the average HI profile beyond the terminal velocity is consistent with gas of three velocity dispersions, a cold component with $\Delta v=6.3$ km/s, a warmer component with $\Delta v=12.3$ km/s and a fast component with $\Delta v=25.9$ km/s. Examining the widths with Galactic radius we find that the narrowest two components show little variation with radius and their small scale fluctuations track each other very well, suggesting that they share the same cloud-to-cloud motions. The width of the widest component is constant until R<4 kpc, where it increases sharply.
astro-ph
we use atomic hydrogen hi data from the southern galactic plane survey to study the kinematics of the fourth quadrant of the milky way by measuring the terminal velocity as a function of longitude throughout the fourth galactic quadrant we have derived the most densely sampled rotation curve available for the milky way between 3 r 8 kpc we determine a new joint rotation curve fit for the first and fourth quadrants which can be used for kinematic distances interior to the solar circle from our data we place new limits on the peak to peak variation of streaming motions in the fourth quadrant to be 10 kms we show that the shape of the average hi profile beyond the terminal velocity is consistent with gas of three velocity dispersions a cold component with delta v63 kms a warmer component with delta v123 kms and a fast component with delta v259 kms examining the widths with galactic radius we find that the narrowest two components show little variation with radius and their small scale fluctuations track each other very well suggesting that they share the same cloudtocloud motions the width of the widest component is constant until r4 kpc where it increases sharply
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708.0871
Discovery of Four Gravitationally Lensed Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
We present the discovery of four gravitationally lensed quasars selected from the spectroscopic quasar catalog of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We describe imaging and spectroscopic follow-up observations that support the lensing interpretation of the following four quasars: SDSS J0832+0404 (image separation \theta=1.98", source redshift z_s=1.115, lens redshift z_l=0.659); SDSS J1216+3529 (\theta=1.49", z_s=2.012); SDSS J1322+1052 (\theta=2.00", z_s=1.716); and SDSS J1524+4409 (\theta=1.67", z_s=1.210, z_l=0.320). Each system has two lensed images. We find that the fainter image component of SDSS J0832+0404 is significantly redder than the brighter component, perhaps because of differential reddening by the lensing galaxy. The lens potential of SDSS J1216+3529 might be complicated by the presence of a secondary galaxy near the main lensing galaxy.
astro-ph
we present the discovery of four gravitationally lensed quasars selected from the spectroscopic quasar catalog of the sloan digital sky survey we describe imaging and spectroscopic followup observations that support the lensing interpretation of the following four quasars sdss j08320404 image separation theta198 source redshift z_s1115 lens redshift z_l0659 sdss j12163529 theta149 z_s2012 sdss j13221052 theta200 z_s1716 and sdss j15244409 theta167 z_s1210 z_l0320 each system has two lensed images we find that the fainter image component of sdss j08320404 is significantly redder than the brighter component perhaps because of differential reddening by the lensing galaxy the lens potential of sdss j12163529 might be complicated by the presence of a secondary galaxy near the main lensing galaxy
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708.0872
Decay of massive hair on brane black hole
We study analytically the intermediate and late-time behaviour of the massive scalar field in the background of static spherically symmetric brane black hole solutions. The intermediate behavoiur of the scalar field reveals the dependence on the field's parameter mass as well as the multiple moment l, while the late-time behaviour has the power-law decay rate independent of those factors.
hep-th gr-qc
we study analytically the intermediate and latetime behaviour of the massive scalar field in the background of static spherically symmetric brane black hole solutions the intermediate behavoiur of the scalar field reveals the dependence on the fields parameter mass as well as the multiple moment l while the latetime behaviour has the powerlaw decay rate independent of those factors
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708.0873
Momentum transfer to small particles by aloof electron beams
The force exerted on nanoparticles and atomic clusters by fast passing electrons like those employed in transmission electron microscopes are calculated and integrated over time to yield the momentum transferred from the electrons to the particles. Numerical results are offered for metallic and dielectric particles of different sizes (0-500 nm in diameter) as well as for carbon nanoclusters. Results for both linear and angular momentum transfers are presented. For the electron beam currents commonly employed in electron microscopes, the time-averaged forces are shown to be comparable in magnitude to laser-induced forces in optical tweezers. This opens up the possibility to study optically-trapped particles inside transmission electron microscopes.
cond-mat.other
the force exerted on nanoparticles and atomic clusters by fast passing electrons like those employed in transmission electron microscopes are calculated and integrated over time to yield the momentum transferred from the electrons to the particles numerical results are offered for metallic and dielectric particles of different sizes 0500 nm in diameter as well as for carbon nanoclusters results for both linear and angular momentum transfers are presented for the electron beam currents commonly employed in electron microscopes the timeaveraged forces are shown to be comparable in magnitude to laserinduced forces in optical tweezers this opens up the possibility to study opticallytrapped particles inside transmission electron microscopes
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708.0874
XMM-Newton discovery of 217 s pulsations in the brightest persistent supersoft X-ray source in M31
We report on the discovery of a periodic modulation in the bright supersoft X-ray source XMMU J004252.5+411540 detected in the 2000-2004 XMM-Newton observations of M31. The source exhibits X-ray pulsations with a period P~217.7 s and a quasi-sinusoidal pulse shape and pulsed fraction ~7-11%. We did not detect statistically significant changes in the pulsation period on the time scale of 4 years. The X-ray spectra of XMMU J004252.5+411540 are extremely soft and can be approximated with an absorbed blackbody of temperature 62-77 eV and a weak power law tail of photon index ~1.7-3.1 in the 0.2-3.0 keV energy band. The X-ray properties of the source and the absence of an optical/UV counterpart brighter than 19 mag suggest that it belongs to M31. The estimated bolometric luminosity of the source varies between ~2e38 and ~8e38 ergs/s at 760 kpc, depending on the choice of spectral model. The X-ray pulsations and supersoft spectrum of XMMU J004252.5+411540 imply that it is almost certainly an accreting white dwarf, steadily burning hydrogen-rich material on its surface. We interpret X-ray pulsations as a signature of the strong magnetic field of the rotating white dwarf. Assuming that the X-ray source is powered by disk accretion, we estimate its surface field strength to be in the range 4e5 G <B_{0}<8e6 G. XMMU J004252.5+411540 is the second supersoft X-ray source in M31 showing coherent pulsations, after the transient supersoft source XMMU J004319.4+411758 with 865.5 s pulsation period.
astro-ph
we report on the discovery of a periodic modulation in the bright supersoft xray source xmmu j0042525411540 detected in the 20002004 xmmnewton observations of m31 the source exhibits xray pulsations with a period p2177 s and a quasisinusoidal pulse shape and pulsed fraction 711 we did not detect statistically significant changes in the pulsation period on the time scale of 4 years the xray spectra of xmmu j0042525411540 are extremely soft and can be approximated with an absorbed blackbody of temperature 6277 ev and a weak power law tail of photon index 1731 in the 0230 kev energy band the xray properties of the source and the absence of an opticaluv counterpart brighter than 19 mag suggest that it belongs to m31 the estimated bolometric luminosity of the source varies between 2e38 and 8e38 ergss at 760 kpc depending on the choice of spectral model the xray pulsations and supersoft spectrum of xmmu j0042525411540 imply that it is almost certainly an accreting white dwarf steadily burning hydrogenrich material on its surface we interpret xray pulsations as a signature of the strong magnetic field of the rotating white dwarf assuming that the xray source is powered by disk accretion we estimate its surface field strength to be in the range 4e5 g b_08e6 g xmmu j0042525411540 is the second supersoft xray source in m31 showing coherent pulsations after the transient supersoft source xmmu j0043194411758 with 8655 s pulsation period
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708.0875
The Yale Lar TPC
In this paper we give a concise description of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LAr TPC) developed at Yale, and present results from its first calibration run with cosmic rays.
physics.ins-det hep-ex
in this paper we give a concise description of a liquid argon time projection chamber lar tpc developed at yale and present results from its first calibration run with cosmic rays
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708.0876
Plasmons in nearly touching metallic nanoparticles: singular response in the limit of touching dimers
The response of gold nanoparticle dimers is studied theoretically near and beyond the limit where the particles are touching. As the particles approach each other, a dominant dipole feature is observed that is pushed into the infrared due to interparticle coupling and that is associated with a large pileup of induced charge in the interparticle gap. The redshift becomes singular as the particle separation decreases. The response weakens for very small separation when the coupling across the interparticle gap becomes so strong that dipolar oscillations across the pair are inhibited. Lower-wavelength, higher-order modes show a similar separation dependence in nearly touching dimers. After touching, singular behavior is observed through the emergence of a new infrared absorption peak, also accompanied by huge charge pileup at the interparticle junction, if initial interparticle-contact is made at a single point. This new mode is distinctly different from the lowest mode of the separated dimer. When the junction is made by contact between flat surfaces, charge at the junction is neutralized and mode evolution is continuous through contact. The calculated singular response explains recent experiments on metallic nanoparticle dimers and is relevant in the design of nanoparticle-based sensors and plasmon circuits.
cond-mat.other
the response of gold nanoparticle dimers is studied theoretically near and beyond the limit where the particles are touching as the particles approach each other a dominant dipole feature is observed that is pushed into the infrared due to interparticle coupling and that is associated with a large pileup of induced charge in the interparticle gap the redshift becomes singular as the particle separation decreases the response weakens for very small separation when the coupling across the interparticle gap becomes so strong that dipolar oscillations across the pair are inhibited lowerwavelength higherorder modes show a similar separation dependence in nearly touching dimers after touching singular behavior is observed through the emergence of a new infrared absorption peak also accompanied by huge charge pileup at the interparticle junction if initial interparticlecontact is made at a single point this new mode is distinctly different from the lowest mode of the separated dimer when the junction is made by contact between flat surfaces charge at the junction is neutralized and mode evolution is continuous through contact the calculated singular response explains recent experiments on metallic nanoparticle dimers and is relevant in the design of nanoparticlebased sensors and plasmon circuits
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708.0877
A Portal Analysis for the Design of a Collaborative Research Environment for Students and Supervisors (CRESS) within the CSCR Domain
In a previous paper the CSCR domain was defined. Here this is taken to the next stage where we consider the design of a particular Collaborative Research Environment to support Students and Supervisors CRESS. Following the CSCR structure a preliminary design for CRESS has been established and a portal framework analysis is undertaken in order to determine the most appropriate set of tools for its implementation.
cs.HC
in a previous paper the cscr domain was defined here this is taken to the next stage where we consider the design of a particular collaborative research environment to support students and supervisors cress following the cscr structure a preliminary design for cress has been established and a portal framework analysis is undertaken in order to determine the most appropriate set of tools for its implementation
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708.0878
Double Boundary and Parity Doubling in Hadrons
A new mechanism for the parity doublers in hadrons is suggested.
physics.gen-ph
a new mechanism for the parity doublers in hadrons is suggested
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708.0879
Sub-Lorentzian Geometry on Anti-De Sitter Space
Sub-Riemannian Geometry is proved to play an important role in many applications, e.g., Mathematical Physics and Control Theory. The simplest example of sub-Riemannian structure is provided by the 3-D Heisenberg group. Sub-Riemannian Geometry enjoys major differences from the Riemannian being a generalisation of the latter at the same time, e.g., geodesics are not unique and may be singular, the Hausdorff dimension is larger than the manifold topological dimension. There exists a large amount of literature developing sub-Riemannian Geometry. However, very few is known about its natural extension to pseudo-Riemannian analogues. It is natural to begin such a study with some low-dimensional manifolds. Based on ideas from sub-Riemannian geometry we develop sub-Lorentzian geometry over the classical 3-D anti-de Sitter space. Two different distributions of the tangent bundle of anti-de Sitter space yield two different geometries: sub-Lorentzian and sub-Riemannian. It is shown that the set of timelike and spacelike `horizontal' curves is non-empty and we study the problem of horizontal connectivity in anti-de Sitter space. We also use Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms for both sub-Lorentzian and sub-Riemannian geometries to find geodesics.
math.DG math-ph math.MP
subriemannian geometry is proved to play an important role in many applications eg mathematical physics and control theory the simplest example of subriemannian structure is provided by the 3d heisenberg group subriemannian geometry enjoys major differences from the riemannian being a generalisation of the latter at the same time eg geodesics are not unique and may be singular the hausdorff dimension is larger than the manifold topological dimension there exists a large amount of literature developing subriemannian geometry however very few is known about its natural extension to pseudoriemannian analogues it is natural to begin such a study with some lowdimensional manifolds based on ideas from subriemannian geometry we develop sublorentzian geometry over the classical 3d antide sitter space two different distributions of the tangent bundle of antide sitter space yield two different geometries sublorentzian and subriemannian it is shown that the set of timelike and spacelike horizontal curves is nonempty and we study the problem of horizontal connectivity in antide sitter space we also use lagrangian and hamiltonian formalisms for both sublorentzian and subriemannian geometries to find geodesics
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708.088
Eriksson's numbers game on certain edge-weighted three-node cyclic graphs
The numbers game is a one-player game played on a finite simple graph with certain ``amplitudes'' assigned to its edges and with an initial assignment of real numbers to its nodes. The moves of the game successively transform the numbers at the nodes using the amplitudes in a certain way. This game and its interactions with Coxeter/Weyl group theory and Lie theory have been studied by many authors. Following Eriksson, we allow the amplitudes on graph edges to be certain real numbers. Games played on such graphs are ``E-games.'' We show that for certain such three-node cyclic graphs, any numbers game will diverge when played from an initial assignment of nonnegative real numbers not all zero. This result is a key step in a Dynkin diagram classification (obtained elsewhere) of all E-game graphs which meet a certain finiteness requirement.
math.CO
the numbers game is a oneplayer game played on a finite simple graph with certain amplitudes assigned to its edges and with an initial assignment of real numbers to its nodes the moves of the game successively transform the numbers at the nodes using the amplitudes in a certain way this game and its interactions with coxeterweyl group theory and lie theory have been studied by many authors following eriksson we allow the amplitudes on graph edges to be certain real numbers games played on such graphs are egames we show that for certain such threenode cyclic graphs any numbers game will diverge when played from an initial assignment of nonnegative real numbers not all zero this result is a key step in a dynkin diagram classification obtained elsewhere of all egame graphs which meet a certain finiteness requirement
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708.0881
Direct measurement of a pure spin current by a polarized light beam
The photon helicity may be mapped to a spin-1/2, whereby we put forward an intrinsic interaction between a polarized light beam as a ``photon spin current'' and a pure spin current in a semiconductor, which arises from the spin-orbit coupling in valence bands as a pure relativity effect without involving the Rashba or the Dresselhaus effect due to inversion asymmetries. The interaction leads to circular optical birefringence, which is similar to the Faraday rotation in magneto-optics but nevertheless involve no net magnetization. The birefringence effect provide a direct, non-demolition measurement of pure spin currents.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the photon helicity may be mapped to a spin12 whereby we put forward an intrinsic interaction between a polarized light beam as a photon spin current and a pure spin current in a semiconductor which arises from the spinorbit coupling in valence bands as a pure relativity effect without involving the rashba or the dresselhaus effect due to inversion asymmetries the interaction leads to circular optical birefringence which is similar to the faraday rotation in magnetooptics but nevertheless involve no net magnetization the birefringence effect provide a direct nondemolition measurement of pure spin currents
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708.0882
Quantum Brownian Motion of a Macroscopic Object in a General Environment
For the purpose of understanding the quantum behavior such as quantum decoherence, fluctuations, dissipation, entanglement and teleportation of a mesoscopic or macroscopic object interacting with a general environment, we derive here a set of exact master equations for the reduced density matrix of $N$ interacting harmonic oscillators in a heat bath with arbitrary spectral density and temperature. Two classes of problems of interest to us which these equations can be usefully applied to are that of the quantum dynamics of nanoelectromechanical oscillators and the entanglement evolution of multi-partite macroscopic states such as quantum superposition of mirrors in a high Q cavity. To address a key conceptual issue for macroscopic quantum phenomena we examine the conditions for an assumption often implicitly made in these studies to be valid, namely, that the quantum behavior of a macroscopic object in an environment can be accurately represented by only treating the dynamics of its center-of-mass variable. We also mention how these results can be used to calculate the uncertainty principle governing a macroscopic object at finite temperature.
quant-ph
for the purpose of understanding the quantum behavior such as quantum decoherence fluctuations dissipation entanglement and teleportation of a mesoscopic or macroscopic object interacting with a general environment we derive here a set of exact master equations for the reduced density matrix of n interacting harmonic oscillators in a heat bath with arbitrary spectral density and temperature two classes of problems of interest to us which these equations can be usefully applied to are that of the quantum dynamics of nanoelectromechanical oscillators and the entanglement evolution of multipartite macroscopic states such as quantum superposition of mirrors in a high q cavity to address a key conceptual issue for macroscopic quantum phenomena we examine the conditions for an assumption often implicitly made in these studies to be valid namely that the quantum behavior of a macroscopic object in an environment can be accurately represented by only treating the dynamics of its centerofmass variable we also mention how these results can be used to calculate the uncertainty principle governing a macroscopic object at finite temperature
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708.0883
The complete LQG propagator: I. Difficulties with the Barrett-Crane vertex
Some components of the graviton two-point function have been recently computed in the context of loop quantum gravity, using the spinfoam Barrett-Crane vertex. We complete the calculation of the remaining components. We find that, under our assumptions, the Barrett-Crane vertex does not yield the correct long distance limit. We argue that the problem is general and can be traced to the intertwiner-independence of the Barrett-Crane vertex, and therefore to the well-known mismatch between the Barrett-Crane formalism and the standard canonical spin networks. In a companion paper we illustrate the asymptotic behavior of a vertex amplitude that can correct this difficulty.
gr-qc
some components of the graviton twopoint function have been recently computed in the context of loop quantum gravity using the spinfoam barrettcrane vertex we complete the calculation of the remaining components we find that under our assumptions the barrettcrane vertex does not yield the correct long distance limit we argue that the problem is general and can be traced to the intertwinerindependence of the barrettcrane vertex and therefore to the wellknown mismatch between the barrettcrane formalism and the standard canonical spin networks in a companion paper we illustrate the asymptotic behavior of a vertex amplitude that can correct this difficulty
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708.0884
A New Model of Agegraphic Dark Energy
In this note, we propose a new model of agegraphic dark energy based on the K\'{a}rolyh\'{a}zy relation, where the time scale is chosen to be the conformal time $\eta$ of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. We find that in the radiation-dominated epoch, the equation-of-state parameter of the new agegraphic dark energy $w_q=-1/3$ whereas $\Omega_q=n^2a^2$; in the matter-dominated epoch, $w_q=-2/3$ whereas $\Omega_q=n^2a^2/4$; eventually, the new agegraphic dark energy dominates; in the late time $w_q\to -1$ when $a\to\infty$, and the new agegraphic dark energy mimics a cosmological constant. In every stage, all things are consistent. The confusion in the original agegraphic dark energy model proposed in arXiv:0707.4049 disappears in this new model. Furthermore, $\Omega_q\ll 1$ is naturally satisfied in both radiation-dominated and matter-dominated epochs where $a\ll 1$. In addition, we further extend the new agegraphic dark energy model by including the interaction between the new agegraphic dark energy and background matter. In this case, we find that $w_q$ can cross the phantom divide.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-th
in this note we propose a new model of agegraphic dark energy based on the karolyhazy relation where the time scale is chosen to be the conformal time eta of the friedmannrobertsonwalker frw universe we find that in the radiationdominated epoch the equationofstate parameter of the new agegraphic dark energy w_q13 whereas omega_qn2a2 in the matterdominated epoch w_q23 whereas omega_qn2a24 eventually the new agegraphic dark energy dominates in the late time w_qto 1 when atoinfty and the new agegraphic dark energy mimics a cosmological constant in every stage all things are consistent the confusion in the original agegraphic dark energy model proposed in arxiv07074049 disappears in this new model furthermore omega_qll 1 is naturally satisfied in both radiationdominated and matterdominated epochs where all 1 in addition we further extend the new agegraphic dark energy model by including the interaction between the new agegraphic dark energy and background matter in this case we find that w_q can cross the phantom divide
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708.0885
Massive Lyman Break Galaxies at z~3 in the Spitzer Extragalactic First Look Survey
We investigate the properties of 1088 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at z~3 selected from a ~2.63$ deg2 sub-region of the First Look Survey field using the ground-based multi-color data and the Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data at 3--8 and 24 um. With the wide area and the broad wavelength coverage, we sample a large number of ``rare'' u-band dropouts which are massive (M* > 10^11 Msun), allowing us to perform a statistical analysis of these subsets of LBGs that have not been studied in detail. Optically bright (R(AB) < 24.5 mag) LBGs detected in mid-infrared (S_{3.6um} > 6 uJy) reside at the most massive and dusty end of the LBG population, with relatively high and tight $M/L$ in rest-frame near-infrared. Most infrared-luminous LBGs (S_{24um} > 100 uJy) are dusty star-forming galaxies with star formation rates of 100--1000 Msun/yr, total infrared luminosity of > 10^12 Lsun. By constructing the UV luminosity function of massive LBGs, we estimate that the lower limit for the star formation rate density from LBGs more massive than 10^11 Msun at z~3 is > 3.3 x 10^-3 Msun/yr/Mpc^3, showing for the first time that the UV-bright population of massive galaxies alone contributes significantly to the global star formation rate density at z~3. When combined with the star formation rate densities at z < 2, our result reveals a steady increase in the contribution of massive galaxies to the global star formation from z=0 to z=3, providing strong support to the downsizing of galaxy formation.
astro-ph
we investigate the properties of 1088 lyman break galaxies lbgs at z3 selected from a 263 deg2 subregion of the first look survey field using the groundbased multicolor data and the spitzer space telescope midinfrared data at 38 and 24 um with the wide area and the broad wavelength coverage we sample a large number of rare uband dropouts which are massive m 1011 msun allowing us to perform a statistical analysis of these subsets of lbgs that have not been studied in detail optically bright rab 245 mag lbgs detected in midinfrared s_36um 6 ujy reside at the most massive and dusty end of the lbg population with relatively high and tight ml in restframe nearinfrared most infraredluminous lbgs s_24um 100 ujy are dusty starforming galaxies with star formation rates of 1001000 msunyr total infrared luminosity of 1012 lsun by constructing the uv luminosity function of massive lbgs we estimate that the lower limit for the star formation rate density from lbgs more massive than 1011 msun at z3 is 33 x 103 msunyrmpc3 showing for the first time that the uvbright population of massive galaxies alone contributes significantly to the global star formation rate density at z3 when combined with the star formation rate densities at z 2 our result reveals a steady increase in the contribution of massive galaxies to the global star formation from z0 to z3 providing strong support to the downsizing of galaxy formation
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708.0886
Deep u*- and g-band Imaging of the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey Field : Observations and Source Catalogs
We present deep u*-, and g-band images taken with the MegaCam on the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) to support the extragalactic component of the Spitzer First Look Survey (hereafter, FLS). In this paper we outline the observations, present source catalogs and characterize the completeness, reliability, astrometric accuracy and number counts of this dataset. In the central 1 deg2 region of the FLS, we reach depths of g~26.5 mag, and u*~26.2 mag (AB magnitude, 5$\sigma$ detection over a 3" aperture) with ~4 hours of exposure time for each filter. For the entire FLS region (~5 deg2 coverage), we obtained u*-band images to the shallower depth of u*=25.0--25.4 mag (5$\sigma$, 3" aperture). The average seeing of the observations is 0.85" for the central field, and ~1.00" for the other fields. Astrometric calibration of the fields yields an absolute astrometric accuracy of 0.15" when matched with the SDSS point sources between 18<g<22. Source catalogs have been created using SExtractor. The catalogs are 50% complete and greater than 99.3% reliable down to g~26.5 mag and u*~26.2 mag for the central 1 deg2 field. In the shallower u*-band images, the catalogs are 50% complete and 98.2% reliable down to 24.8--25.4 mag. These images and source catalogs will serve as a useful resource for studying the galaxy evolution using the FLS data.
astro-ph
we present deep u and gband images taken with the megacam on the 36 m canadafrancehawaii telescope cfht to support the extragalactic component of the spitzer first look survey hereafter fls in this paper we outline the observations present source catalogs and characterize the completeness reliability astrometric accuracy and number counts of this dataset in the central 1 deg2 region of the fls we reach depths of g265 mag and u262 mag ab magnitude 5sigma detection over a 3 aperture with 4 hours of exposure time for each filter for the entire fls region 5 deg2 coverage we obtained uband images to the shallower depth of u250254 mag 5sigma 3 aperture the average seeing of the observations is 085 for the central field and 100 for the other fields astrometric calibration of the fields yields an absolute astrometric accuracy of 015 when matched with the sdss point sources between 18g22 source catalogs have been created using sextractor the catalogs are 50 complete and greater than 993 reliable down to g265 mag and u262 mag for the central 1 deg2 field in the shallower uband images the catalogs are 50 complete and 982 reliable down to 248254 mag these images and source catalogs will serve as a useful resource for studying the galaxy evolution using the fls data
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708.0887
Volume-preserving mean curvature flow of revolution hypersurfaces in a Rotationally Symmetric Space
In an ambient space with rotational symmetry around an axis (which include the Hyperbolic and Euclidean spaces), we study the evolution under the volume-preserving mean curvature flow of a revolution hypersurface M generated by a graph over the axis of revolution and with boundary in two totally geodesic hypersurfaces (tgh for short). Requiring that, for each time t, the evolving hypersurface M_t meets such tgh ortogonally, we prove that: a) the flow exists while M_t does not touch the axis of rotation; b) throughout the time interval of existence, b1) the generating curve of M_t remains a graph, and b2) the averaged mean curvature is double side bounded by positive constants; c) the singularity set (if non-empty) is finite and discrete along the axis; d) under a suitable hypothesis relating the enclosed volume to the n-volume of M, we achieve long time existence and convergence to a revolution hypersurface of constant mean curvature.
math.DG
in an ambient space with rotational symmetry around an axis which include the hyperbolic and euclidean spaces we study the evolution under the volumepreserving mean curvature flow of a revolution hypersurface m generated by a graph over the axis of revolution and with boundary in two totally geodesic hypersurfaces tgh for short requiring that for each time t the evolving hypersurface m_t meets such tgh ortogonally we prove that a the flow exists while m_t does not touch the axis of rotation b throughout the time interval of existence b1 the generating curve of m_t remains a graph and b2 the averaged mean curvature is double side bounded by positive constants c the singularity set if nonempty is finite and discrete along the axis d under a suitable hypothesis relating the enclosed volume to the nvolume of m we achieve long time existence and convergence to a revolution hypersurface of constant mean curvature
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708.0888
An Action For Chan-Paton Factors
We show that Chan-Paton factors can be derived from a classical action describing the dynamics of a new group-valued degree of freedom attached to the boundary of an open bosonic string. We discuss the free and the interacting string in the oriented and unoriented cases, as well as the coupling of the string to an external Yang-Mills gauge field, and recover by this approach well-known results.
hep-th
we show that chanpaton factors can be derived from a classical action describing the dynamics of a new groupvalued degree of freedom attached to the boundary of an open bosonic string we discuss the free and the interacting string in the oriented and unoriented cases as well as the coupling of the string to an external yangmills gauge field and recover by this approach wellknown results
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708.0889
Improved Photometric Calibrations for Red Stars Observed with the SDSS Photometric Telescope
We present a new set of photometric transformations for red stars observed with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 0.5-m Photometric Telescope (PT) and the SDSS 2.5-m telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico. Nightly PT observations of US Naval Observatory standards are used to determine extinction corrections and calibration terms for SDSS 2.5-m photometry. Systematic differences between the PT and native SDSS 2.5-m {\it ugriz} photometry require conversions between the two systems which have previously been undefined for the reddest stars. By matching $\sim 43,000$ stars observed with both the PT and SDSS 2.5-m, we extend the present relations to include low-mass stars with colors $0.6 \le r-i \le 1.7$. These corrections will allow us to place photometry of bright, low-mass trigonometric parallax stars previously observed with the PT on the 2.5-m system. We present new transformation equations and discuss applications of these data to future low-mass star studies using the SDSS.
astro-ph
we present a new set of photometric transformations for red stars observed with the sloan digital sky survey sdss 05m photometric telescope pt and the sdss 25m telescope at the apache point observatory in new mexico nightly pt observations of us naval observatory standards are used to determine extinction corrections and calibration terms for sdss 25m photometry systematic differences between the pt and native sdss 25m it ugriz photometry require conversions between the two systems which have previously been undefined for the reddest stars by matching sim 43000 stars observed with both the pt and sdss 25m we extend the present relations to include lowmass stars with colors 06 le ri le 17 these corrections will allow us to place photometry of bright lowmass trigonometric parallax stars previously observed with the pt on the 25m system we present new transformation equations and discuss applications of these data to future lowmass star studies using the sdss
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708.089
Operational Semantics and Type Soundness of Quantum Programming Language LanQ
We present an imperative quantum programming language LanQ which was designed to support combination of quantum and classical programming and basic process operations - process creation and interprocess communication. The language can thus be used for implementing both classical and quantum algorithms and protocols. Its syntax is similar to that of C language what makes it easy to learn for existing programmers. In this paper, we present operational semantics of the language and a proof of type soundness of the noncommunicating part of the language. We provide an example run of a quantum random number generator.
quant-ph
we present an imperative quantum programming language lanq which was designed to support combination of quantum and classical programming and basic process operations process creation and interprocess communication the language can thus be used for implementing both classical and quantum algorithms and protocols its syntax is similar to that of c language what makes it easy to learn for existing programmers in this paper we present operational semantics of the language and a proof of type soundness of the noncommunicating part of the language we provide an example run of a quantum random number generator
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708.0891
Operad of formal homogeneous spaces and Bernoulli numbers
It is shown that for any morphism, i: g --> h, of Lie algebras the vector space underlying the Lie algebra h is canonically a g-homogeneous formal manifold with the action of g being highly nonlinear and twisted by Bernoulli numbers. This fact is obtained from the study of a 2-coloured operad of formal homogeneous spaces and its minimal resolution, and is used to give a new conceptual explanation of both Ziv Ran's Jacobi-Bernoulli complex and Fiorenza-Manetti's L-infinity algebra structure on the mapping cone of a morphism of two Lie algebras. All these constructions are iteratively extended to the case of a morphism of arbitrary L-infinity algebras.
math.QA math.AG
it is shown that for any morphism i g h of lie algebras the vector space underlying the lie algebra h is canonically a ghomogeneous formal manifold with the action of g being highly nonlinear and twisted by bernoulli numbers this fact is obtained from the study of a 2coloured operad of formal homogeneous spaces and its minimal resolution and is used to give a new conceptual explanation of both ziv rans jacobibernoulli complex and fiorenzamanettis linfinity algebra structure on the mapping cone of a morphism of two lie algebras all these constructions are iteratively extended to the case of a morphism of arbitrary linfinity algebras
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708.0892
Nonlinear screening and ballistic transport in a graphene p-n junction
We study the charge density distribution, the electric field profile, and the resistance of an electrostatically created lateral p-n junction in graphene. We show that the electric field at the interface of the electron and hole regions is strongly enhanced due to limited screening capacity of Dirac quasiparticles. Accordingly, the junction resistance is lower than estimated in previous literature.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we study the charge density distribution the electric field profile and the resistance of an electrostatically created lateral pn junction in graphene we show that the electric field at the interface of the electron and hole regions is strongly enhanced due to limited screening capacity of dirac quasiparticles accordingly the junction resistance is lower than estimated in previous literature
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708.0893
Uniform Sobolev inequalities for manifolds evolving by Ricci flow
Let M be a compact n-dimensional manifold, $n\ge 2$, with metric g(t) evolving by the Ricci flow $\partial g_{ij}/\partial t=-2R_{ij}$ in (0,T) for some $T\in\Bbb{R}^+\cup\{\infty\}$ with $g(0)=g_0$. Let $\lambda_0(g_0)$ be the first eigenvalue of the operator $-\Delta_{g_0} +\frac{R(g_0)}{4}$ with respect to g_0. We extend a recent result of R. Ye and prove uniform logarithmic Sobolev inequality and uniform Sobolev inequalities along the Ricci flow for any $n\ge 2$ when either $T<\infty$ or $\lambda_0(g_0)>0$. As a consequence we extend Perelman's local $\kappa$-noncollapsing result along the Ricci flow for any $n\ge 2$ in terms of upper bound for the scalar curvature when either $T<\infty$ or $\lambda_0(g_0)>0$.
math.DG
let m be a compact ndimensional manifold nge 2 with metric gt evolving by the ricci flow partial g_ijpartial t2r_ij in 0t for some tinbbbrcupinfty with g0g_0 let lambda_0g_0 be the first eigenvalue of the operator delta_g_0 fracrg_04 with respect to g_0 we extend a recent result of r ye and prove uniform logarithmic sobolev inequality and uniform sobolev inequalities along the ricci flow for any nge 2 when either tinfty or lambda_0g_00 as a consequence we extend perelmans local kappanoncollapsing result along the ricci flow for any nge 2 in terms of upper bound for the scalar curvature when either tinfty or lambda_0g_00
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708.0894
Density-Matrix Renormalization Group Study of Trapped Imbalanced Fermi Condensates
The density-matrix renormalization group is employed to investigate a harmonically-trapped imbalanced Fermi condensate based on a one-dimensional attractive Hubbard model. The obtained density profile shows a flattened population difference of spin-up and spin-down components at the center of the trap, and exhibits phase separation between the condensate and unpaired majority atoms for a certain range of the interaction and population imabalance $P$. The two-particle density matrix reveals that the sign of the order parameter changes periodically, demonstrating the realization of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase. The minority spin atoms contribute to the quasi-condensate up to at least $P \simeq 0.8$. Possible experimental situations to test our predictions are discussed.
cond-mat.str-el
the densitymatrix renormalization group is employed to investigate a harmonicallytrapped imbalanced fermi condensate based on a onedimensional attractive hubbard model the obtained density profile shows a flattened population difference of spinup and spindown components at the center of the trap and exhibits phase separation between the condensate and unpaired majority atoms for a certain range of the interaction and population imabalance p the twoparticle density matrix reveals that the sign of the order parameter changes periodically demonstrating the realization of the fuldeferrelllarkinovchinnikov phase the minority spin atoms contribute to the quasicondensate up to at least p simeq 08 possible experimental situations to test our predictions are discussed
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708.0895
Generation and detection of non-Abelian matrix Berry phases through manipulation of electric confinement potential of a semiconductor quantum dot
A matrix Berry phase can be generated and detected by {\it all electric means} in II-VI or III-V n-type semiconductor quantum dots by changing the shape of the confinement potential. This follows from general symmetry considerations in the presence of spin-orbit coupling terms. The resulting 2 x 2 matrix Berry phase can be characterized by two numbers of geometric origin. We investigate how these parameters depend on the shape and area of closed adiabatic paths. We suggest how the matrix Berry phase may be detected in transport measurements.
cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
a matrix berry phase can be generated and detected by it all electric means in iivi or iiiv ntype semiconductor quantum dots by changing the shape of the confinement potential this follows from general symmetry considerations in the presence of spinorbit coupling terms the resulting 2 x 2 matrix berry phase can be characterized by two numbers of geometric origin we investigate how these parameters depend on the shape and area of closed adiabatic paths we suggest how the matrix berry phase may be detected in transport measurements
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708.0896
Long term dynamics of the splitting of a doubly quantized vortex in a two-dimensional condensate
We study the nonlinear dynamics of the splitting of a doubly quantized vortex in a trapped condensate. The dynamics is studied in detail by solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The main dynamical features are explained in terms of a nonlinear three-level system. We find an analytical solution for the characteristics of the dynamics. It is concluded that the time scale for the splitting is mainly determined by the instability of the linearized system, and nonlinear effects contribute logarithmically.
cond-mat.other
we study the nonlinear dynamics of the splitting of a doubly quantized vortex in a trapped condensate the dynamics is studied in detail by solving the grosspitaevskii equation the main dynamical features are explained in terms of a nonlinear threelevel system we find an analytical solution for the characteristics of the dynamics it is concluded that the time scale for the splitting is mainly determined by the instability of the linearized system and nonlinear effects contribute logarithmically
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708.0897
Brane World Inflation with Scalar and Tachyon Fields
We present inflationary models of the early universe in the braneworld scenario considering both scalar field and tachyon field separately. The technique of Chervon and Zhuravlev to obtain inflationary cosmological models without restrictions on a scalar field potential is employed here. We note that like scalar field, the inflationary solution obtained here with tachyon field also does not depend on its potential. However, unlike scalar field, inflation with tachyon is obtained for a restricted domains of the field to begin with. We obtain potentials for which one gets inflation using both scalar field and tachyon field separately. It is found that unlike the scalar field, the tachyonic field inflation sceanario can be realized from t > t_o.
hep-th
we present inflationary models of the early universe in the braneworld scenario considering both scalar field and tachyon field separately the technique of chervon and zhuravlev to obtain inflationary cosmological models without restrictions on a scalar field potential is employed here we note that like scalar field the inflationary solution obtained here with tachyon field also does not depend on its potential however unlike scalar field inflation with tachyon is obtained for a restricted domains of the field to begin with we obtain potentials for which one gets inflation using both scalar field and tachyon field separately it is found that unlike the scalar field the tachyonic field inflation sceanario can be realized from t t_o
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708.0898
Optimisation of the 3-body dynamics applied to extra-solar planetary systems
The body of work presented here revolves around the investigation of the existence and nature of extra-solar planetary systems. The fitting of stellar radial velocity time series data is attempted by constructing a model to quantify the orbital properties of a star-planetary system. This is achieved with the Planetary Orbit Fitting Process (POFP). Though specific to the investigated problem, the POFP is founded on two separate, more general ideas. One is a Solver producing the gravitational dynamics of a Three-Body system by integrating its Newtonian equations of motion. The other is an independent optimisation scheme. Both have been devised using MATLAB. Applying the optimisation to the Solver results in a realistic Three-Body dynamics that best describes the radial velocity data under the model-specific orbital-observational constraints. Combining these aspects also allows for the study of dynamical instability derived from interaction, which is reaffirmed as a necessary criterion for evaluating the fit. The validity of POFP solutions with respect to the observations and other models is discussed in this context. The underlying generality and fundamental principles demonstrate a larger frame of operation where problems in Physics and Mathematics can be solved with a multitude of techniques.
astro-ph
the body of work presented here revolves around the investigation of the existence and nature of extrasolar planetary systems the fitting of stellar radial velocity time series data is attempted by constructing a model to quantify the orbital properties of a starplanetary system this is achieved with the planetary orbit fitting process pofp though specific to the investigated problem the pofp is founded on two separate more general ideas one is a solver producing the gravitational dynamics of a threebody system by integrating its newtonian equations of motion the other is an independent optimisation scheme both have been devised using matlab applying the optimisation to the solver results in a realistic threebody dynamics that best describes the radial velocity data under the modelspecific orbitalobservational constraints combining these aspects also allows for the study of dynamical instability derived from interaction which is reaffirmed as a necessary criterion for evaluating the fit the validity of pofp solutions with respect to the observations and other models is discussed in this context the underlying generality and fundamental principles demonstrate a larger frame of operation where problems in physics and mathematics can be solved with a multitude of techniques
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708.0899
Self-similar carpets over finite fields
Some linear dynamical systems over finite fields are studied and the self-similar character of their development is proved. Connections with aperiodic tilings, Delanoy numbers and other topics are also proved. The prime fields F_p have a canonical presentation as sets of self-similar carpets. The multiplicative inverse corresponds to mirroring.
math.NT math.CO
some linear dynamical systems over finite fields are studied and the selfsimilar character of their development is proved connections with aperiodic tilings delanoy numbers and other topics are also proved the prime fields f_p have a canonical presentation as sets of selfsimilar carpets the multiplicative inverse corresponds to mirroring
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708.09
Spin-down of compact stars and energy release of a first-order phase transition
The deconfinement phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter can continuously occur during spins down of neutron stars. It will lead to the release of latent heat if the transition is the first-order one. We have investigated the energy release of such deconfinement phase transition for rotating hybrid stars model which include mixed phase of hadronic matter and quark matter. The release of latent heat per baryon is calculated through studying a randomly process of infinitesimal compressing. Finally, we can self-consistently get the heating luminosity of deconfinement phase transition by imputing the EOS of mixed phase, and based on the equation of rotation structure of stars.
astro-ph
the deconfinement phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter can continuously occur during spins down of neutron stars it will lead to the release of latent heat if the transition is the firstorder one we have investigated the energy release of such deconfinement phase transition for rotating hybrid stars model which include mixed phase of hadronic matter and quark matter the release of latent heat per baryon is calculated through studying a randomly process of infinitesimal compressing finally we can selfconsistently get the heating luminosity of deconfinement phase transition by imputing the eos of mixed phase and based on the equation of rotation structure of stars
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708.0901
The Statistical Mechanics of Microscopic Long-Range Bulk-Boundary Dependence in Black-Hole Physics and Holography
We argue in the following that the entropy-area law of black-hole physics and the various holographic bounds are the consequences of the microscopic dynamics of elementary degrees of freedom living on or near the Planck scale. We locate them both in the interior and on the boundary of, for example, the black hole with the strange area-behavior of various quantities being the result of a long-range bulk-boundary dependence among these degrees of freedom. In contrast to other approaches we regard the vacuum fluctuations on microscopic scales as the relevant elementary building blocks. In so far certain relations to to old ideas of Sakharov, Zeldovich et al are acknowledged (induced gravity). Most importantly, we prove that the existence of a large energy gap between a few low-lying excitation patterns and the majority of the other (in principle) possible excitation patterns in a subvolume with given boundary excitation is crucial for this area-dependence. We also remark that this is an indication that some particular entangled space-time geometry of a somewhat non-local character prevails in the microscopic (Planck) regime. Our findings are corroborated by the explanation of a number of open questions in the field (see the table of contents at the end of the introduction).
hep-th gr-qc quant-ph
we argue in the following that the entropyarea law of blackhole physics and the various holographic bounds are the consequences of the microscopic dynamics of elementary degrees of freedom living on or near the planck scale we locate them both in the interior and on the boundary of for example the black hole with the strange areabehavior of various quantities being the result of a longrange bulkboundary dependence among these degrees of freedom in contrast to other approaches we regard the vacuum fluctuations on microscopic scales as the relevant elementary building blocks in so far certain relations to to old ideas of sakharov zeldovich et al are acknowledged induced gravity most importantly we prove that the existence of a large energy gap between a few lowlying excitation patterns and the majority of the other in principle possible excitation patterns in a subvolume with given boundary excitation is crucial for this areadependence we also remark that this is an indication that some particular entangled spacetime geometry of a somewhat nonlocal character prevails in the microscopic planck regime our findings are corroborated by the explanation of a number of open questions in the field see the table of contents at the end of the introduction
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708.0902
Quantum multiparty key distribution protocol without use of entanglement
We propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that enables three parties agree at once on a shared common random bit string in presence of an eavesdropper without use of entanglement. We prove its unconditional security and analyze the key rate.
quant-ph
we propose a quantum key distribution qkd protocol that enables three parties agree at once on a shared common random bit string in presence of an eavesdropper without use of entanglement we prove its unconditional security and analyze the key rate
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708.0903
Percolation of Vortices in the 3D Abelian Lattice Higgs Model
The compact Abelian Higgs model is simulated on a cubic lattice where it possesses vortex lines and pointlike magnetic monopoles as topological defects. The focus of this high-precision Monte Carlo study is on the vortex network, which is investigated by means of percolation observables. In the region of the phase diagram where the Higgs and confinement phases are separated by a first-order transition, it is shown that the vortices percolate right at the phase boundary, and that the first-order nature of the transition is reflected by the network. In the crossover region, where the phase boundary ceases to be first order, the vortices are shown to still percolate. In contrast to other observables, the percolation observables show finite-size scaling. The exponents characterizing the critical behavior of the vortices in this region are shown to fall in the random percolation universality class.
hep-lat
the compact abelian higgs model is simulated on a cubic lattice where it possesses vortex lines and pointlike magnetic monopoles as topological defects the focus of this highprecision monte carlo study is on the vortex network which is investigated by means of percolation observables in the region of the phase diagram where the higgs and confinement phases are separated by a firstorder transition it is shown that the vortices percolate right at the phase boundary and that the firstorder nature of the transition is reflected by the network in the crossover region where the phase boundary ceases to be first order the vortices are shown to still percolate in contrast to other observables the percolation observables show finitesize scaling the exponents characterizing the critical behavior of the vortices in this region are shown to fall in the random percolation universality class
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708.0904
Improving HTc Josephson Junctions (HTc JJ) by annealing: the role of vacancy-interstitial annihilation
We have studied the annealing effect in transport properties of High temperature Josephson Junctions (HTc JJ) made by ion irradiation. Low temperature annealing (80 degrees Celsius) increases the JJ transition temperature (TJ) and the Ic.Rn product, where Ic is the critical current and Rn the normal resistance. We found that the spread in JJ characteristics can be lowered by sufficient long annealing times. Using random walk numerical simulations, we showed that the characteristic annealing time and the evolution of the spread in JJ characteristics can be explained by a vacancy-interstitial annihilation process rather than by an oxygen diffusion one.
cond-mat.supr-con
we have studied the annealing effect in transport properties of high temperature josephson junctions htc jj made by ion irradiation low temperature annealing 80 degrees celsius increases the jj transition temperature tj and the icrn product where ic is the critical current and rn the normal resistance we found that the spread in jj characteristics can be lowered by sufficient long annealing times using random walk numerical simulations we showed that the characteristic annealing time and the evolution of the spread in jj characteristics can be explained by a vacancyinterstitial annihilation process rather than by an oxygen diffusion one
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708.0905
Permutation Decoding and the Stopping Redundancy Hierarchy of Cyclic and Extended Cyclic Codes
We introduce the notion of the stopping redundancy hierarchy of a linear block code as a measure of the trade-off between performance and complexity of iterative decoding for the binary erasure channel. We derive lower and upper bounds for the stopping redundancy hierarchy via Lovasz's Local Lemma and Bonferroni-type inequalities, and specialize them for codes with cyclic parity-check matrices. Based on the observed properties of parity-check matrices with good stopping redundancy characteristics, we develop a novel decoding technique, termed automorphism group decoding, that combines iterative message passing and permutation decoding. We also present bounds on the smallest number of permutations of an automorphism group decoder needed to correct any set of erasures up to a prescribed size. Simulation results demonstrate that for a large number of algebraic codes, the performance of the new decoding method is close to that of maximum likelihood decoding.
cs.IT math.IT
we introduce the notion of the stopping redundancy hierarchy of a linear block code as a measure of the tradeoff between performance and complexity of iterative decoding for the binary erasure channel we derive lower and upper bounds for the stopping redundancy hierarchy via lovaszs local lemma and bonferronitype inequalities and specialize them for codes with cyclic paritycheck matrices based on the observed properties of paritycheck matrices with good stopping redundancy characteristics we develop a novel decoding technique termed automorphism group decoding that combines iterative message passing and permutation decoding we also present bounds on the smallest number of permutations of an automorphism group decoder needed to correct any set of erasures up to a prescribed size simulation results demonstrate that for a large number of algebraic codes the performance of the new decoding method is close to that of maximum likelihood decoding
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708.0906
Spectroscopic analysis of finite size effects around a Kondo quantum dot
We consider a simple setup in which a small quantum dot is strongly connected to a finite size box. This box can be either a metallic box or a finite size quantum wire.The formation of the Kondo screening cloud in the box strongly depends on the ratio between the Kondo temperature and the box level spacing. By weakly connecting two metallic reservoirs to the quantum dot, a detailed spectroscopic analysis can be performed. Since the transport channels and the screening channels are almost decoupled, such a setup allows an easier access to the measure of finite-size effects associated with the finite extension of the Kondo cloud.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.str-el
we consider a simple setup in which a small quantum dot is strongly connected to a finite size box this box can be either a metallic box or a finite size quantum wirethe formation of the kondo screening cloud in the box strongly depends on the ratio between the kondo temperature and the box level spacing by weakly connecting two metallic reservoirs to the quantum dot a detailed spectroscopic analysis can be performed since the transport channels and the screening channels are almost decoupled such a setup allows an easier access to the measure of finitesize effects associated with the finite extension of the kondo cloud
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708.0907
Permanents of Circulants: a Transfer Matrix Approach (Expanded Version)
Calculating the permanent of a (0,1) matrix is a #P-complete problem but there are some classes of structured matrices for which the permanent is calculable in polynomial time. The most well-known example is the fixed-jump (0,1) circulant matrix which, using algebraic techniques, was shown by Minc to satisfy a constant-coefficient fixed-order recurrence relation. In this note we show how, by interpreting the problem as calculating the number of cycle-covers in a directed circulant graph, it is straightforward to reprove Minc's result using combinatorial methods. This is a two step process: the first step is to show that the cycle-covers of directed circulant graphs can be evaluated using a transfer matrix argument. The second is to show that the associated transfer matrices, while very large, actually have much smaller characteristic polynomials than would a-priori be expected. An important consequence of this new viewpoint is that, in combination with a new recursive decomposition of circulant-graphs, it permits extending Minc's result to calculating the permanent of the much larger class of circulant matrices with non-fixed (but linear) jumps. It also permits us to count other types of structures in circulant graphs, e.g., Hamiltonian Cycles.
math.CO
calculating the permanent of a 01 matrix is a pcomplete problem but there are some classes of structured matrices for which the permanent is calculable in polynomial time the most wellknown example is the fixedjump 01 circulant matrix which using algebraic techniques was shown by minc to satisfy a constantcoefficient fixedorder recurrence relation in this note we show how by interpreting the problem as calculating the number of cyclecovers in a directed circulant graph it is straightforward to reprove mincs result using combinatorial methods this is a two step process the first step is to show that the cyclecovers of directed circulant graphs can be evaluated using a transfer matrix argument the second is to show that the associated transfer matrices while very large actually have much smaller characteristic polynomials than would apriori be expected an important consequence of this new viewpoint is that in combination with a new recursive decomposition of circulantgraphs it permits extending mincs result to calculating the permanent of the much larger class of circulant matrices with nonfixed but linear jumps it also permits us to count other types of structures in circulant graphs eg hamiltonian cycles
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708.0908
Periodic-orbit determination of dynamical correlations in stochastic processes
It is shown that large deviation statistical quantities of the discrete time, finite state Markov process $P_{n+1}^{(j)}=\sum_{k=1}^NH_{jk}P_n^{(k)}$, where P_n^{(j)} is the probability for the j-state at the time step n and H_{jk} is the transition probability, completely coincides with those from the Kalman map corresponding to the above Markov process. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by using simple examples, time correlation functions in finite state Markov processes can be well described in terms of unstable periodic orbits embedded in the equivalent Kalman maps.
nlin.CD
it is shown that large deviation statistical quantities of the discrete time finite state markov process p_n1jsum_k1nh_jkp_nk where p_nj is the probability for the jstate at the time step n and h_jk is the transition probability completely coincides with those from the kalman map corresponding to the above markov process furthermore it is demonstrated that by using simple examples time correlation functions in finite state markov processes can be well described in terms of unstable periodic orbits embedded in the equivalent kalman maps
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708.0909
On the Self-stabilization of Mobile Robots in Graphs
Self-stabilization is a versatile technique to withstand any transient fault in a distributed system. Mobile robots (or agents) are one of the emerging trends in distributed computing as they mimic autonomous biologic entities. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we present a new model for studying mobile entities in networks subject to transient faults. Our model differs from the classical robot model because robots have constraints about the paths they are allowed to follow, and from the classical agent model because the number of agents remains fixed throughout the execution of the protocol. Second, in this model, we study the possibility of designing self-stabilizing algorithms when those algorithms are run by mobile robots (or agents) evolving on a graph. We concentrate on the core building blocks of robot and agents problems: naming and leader election. Not surprisingly, when no constraints are given on the network graph topology and local execution model, both problems are impossible to solve. Finally, using minimal hypothesis with respect to impossibility results, we provide deterministic and probabilistic solutions to both problems, and show equivalence of these problems by an algorithmic reduction mechanism.
cs.DS cs.DC
selfstabilization is a versatile technique to withstand any transient fault in a distributed system mobile robots or agents are one of the emerging trends in distributed computing as they mimic autonomous biologic entities the contribution of this paper is threefold first we present a new model for studying mobile entities in networks subject to transient faults our model differs from the classical robot model because robots have constraints about the paths they are allowed to follow and from the classical agent model because the number of agents remains fixed throughout the execution of the protocol second in this model we study the possibility of designing selfstabilizing algorithms when those algorithms are run by mobile robots or agents evolving on a graph we concentrate on the core building blocks of robot and agents problems naming and leader election not surprisingly when no constraints are given on the network graph topology and local execution model both problems are impossible to solve finally using minimal hypothesis with respect to impossibility results we provide deterministic and probabilistic solutions to both problems and show equivalence of these problems by an algorithmic reduction mechanism
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708.091
Charge-Ordered State versus Dimer-Mott Insulator at Finite Temperatures
We theoretically investigate the competition between charge-ordered state and Mott insulating state at finite temperatures in quarter-filled quasi-one-dimensional electron systems, by studying dimerized extended Hubbard chains with interchain Coulomb interactions. In order to take into account one-dimensional fluctuations properly, we apply the bosonization method to an effective model obtained by the interchain mean-field approximation. The results show that lattice dimerization, especially in the critical region, and frustration in the interchain Coulomb interactions reduce the charge-ordering phase transition temperature and enlarge the dimer-Mott insulating phase. We also derive a general formula of the Knight shift in the charge-ordered phase and its implication to experiments is discussed.
cond-mat.str-el
we theoretically investigate the competition between chargeordered state and mott insulating state at finite temperatures in quarterfilled quasionedimensional electron systems by studying dimerized extended hubbard chains with interchain coulomb interactions in order to take into account onedimensional fluctuations properly we apply the bosonization method to an effective model obtained by the interchain meanfield approximation the results show that lattice dimerization especially in the critical region and frustration in the interchain coulomb interactions reduce the chargeordering phase transition temperature and enlarge the dimermott insulating phase we also derive a general formula of the knight shift in the chargeordered phase and its implication to experiments is discussed
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708.0911
Extra Dimensions and the Cosmological Constant Problem
This article reviews the arguments why extra dimensions provide a unique opportunity for progress on the cosmological constant problem, and updates the status of -- and the objections to (with replies) -- the specific proposal using supersymmetric large extra dimensions (SLED).
hep-ph
this article reviews the arguments why extra dimensions provide a unique opportunity for progress on the cosmological constant problem and updates the status of and the objections to with replies the specific proposal using supersymmetric large extra dimensions sled
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708.0912
Evidence for dust accumulation just outside the orbit of Venus
To contribute to the knowledge of dynamics of interplanetary dust we are searching for structures in the spatial distribution of interplanetary dust near the orbit of Venus. To this end we study the radial gradient of zodiacal light brightness, as observed by the zodiacal light photometer on board the Helios space probes on several orbits from 1975 to 1979. The cleanest data result from Helios B (= Helios 2) launched in January 1976. With respect to the general increase of zodiacal light brightness towards the Sun, the data show an excess brightness of a few percent for positions of the Helios space probe just outside the orbit of Venus. We consider this as evidence for a dust ring associated with the orbit of Venus, somewhat similar to that found earlier along the Earth's orbit.
astro-ph
to contribute to the knowledge of dynamics of interplanetary dust we are searching for structures in the spatial distribution of interplanetary dust near the orbit of venus to this end we study the radial gradient of zodiacal light brightness as observed by the zodiacal light photometer on board the helios space probes on several orbits from 1975 to 1979 the cleanest data result from helios b helios 2 launched in january 1976 with respect to the general increase of zodiacal light brightness towards the sun the data show an excess brightness of a few percent for positions of the helios space probe just outside the orbit of venus we consider this as evidence for a dust ring associated with the orbit of venus somewhat similar to that found earlier along the earths orbit
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708.0913
An explicit estimate on multiplicity truncation in the second main theorem for holomorphic curves encountering hypersurfaces in general position in projective space
Yan and Chen proved a weak Cartan-type second main theorem for holomorphic curves meeting hypersurfaces in projective space that included truncated counting functions. Here we give an explicit estimate for the level of truncation.
math.CV
yan and chen proved a weak cartantype second main theorem for holomorphic curves meeting hypersurfaces in projective space that included truncated counting functions here we give an explicit estimate for the level of truncation
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708.0914
Transverse Energy per Charged Particle and Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions
In relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions the transverse energy per charged particle, E_T/N_ch, increases rapidly with beam energy and remains approximately constant at about 800 MeV for beam energies from SPS to RHIC. It is shown that the hadron resonance gas model describes the energy dependence, as well as the lack of centrality dependence, qualitatively. The values of E_T/N_ch are related to the chemical freeze-out criterium E/N about 1 GeV valid for primordial hadrons.
hep-ph
in relativistic nucleusnucleus collisions the transverse energy per charged particle e_tn_ch increases rapidly with beam energy and remains approximately constant at about 800 mev for beam energies from sps to rhic it is shown that the hadron resonance gas model describes the energy dependence as well as the lack of centrality dependence qualitatively the values of e_tn_ch are related to the chemical freezeout criterium en about 1 gev valid for primordial hadrons
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708.0915
Two particles on a star graph I
We consider a two particle system on a star graph with $\delta$-function interaction. A class of eigensolutions is described which are constructed from appropriate one particle solutions, and hence are parametrised by two momenta. These solutions include a family of solutions with discontinuous derivative on the diagonal.
math-ph math.MP math.SP
we consider a two particle system on a star graph with deltafunction interaction a class of eigensolutions is described which are constructed from appropriate one particle solutions and hence are parametrised by two momenta these solutions include a family of solutions with discontinuous derivative on the diagonal
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708.0916
Higgs Decay to Gluons at NNLO
We present an analytical calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order corrections to the partial decay width $H\to gg$ for a Higgs boson in the intermediate mass range. We apply an asymptotic expansion for $M_H\ll 2M_t$ and compute three terms in the expansion. The leading term confirms the results present in the literature. It is argued that our result is equivalent to an exact calculation up to $M_H\approx M_t$. For a Higgs boson mass of 120 GeV the power-suppressed terms lead to corrections of about 9% in the next-to-next-to-leading order coefficient.
hep-ph
we present an analytical calculation of the nexttonexttoleading order corrections to the partial decay width hto gg for a higgs boson in the intermediate mass range we apply an asymptotic expansion for m_hll 2m_t and compute three terms in the expansion the leading term confirms the results present in the literature it is argued that our result is equivalent to an exact calculation up to m_happrox m_t for a higgs boson mass of 120 gev the powersuppressed terms lead to corrections of about 9 in the nexttonexttoleading order coefficient
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708.0917
Test of pulse shape analysis using single Compton scattering events
Compton scattering is one of the dominant interaction processes in germanium for photons with an energy of around two MeV. If a photon scatters only once inside a germanium detector, the resulting event contains only one electron which normally deposits its energy within a mm range. Such events are similar to Ge-76 neutrinoless double beta-decay events with just two electrons in the final state. Other photon interactions like pair production or multiple scattering can result in events composed of separated energy deposits. One method to identify the multiple energy deposits is the use of timing information contained in the electrical response of a detector or a segment of a detector. The procedures developed to separate single- and multiple-site events are tested with specially selected event samples provided by an 18-fold segmented prototype germanium detector for Phase II of the GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA. The single Compton scattering, i.e. single-site, events are tagged by coincidently detecting the scattered photon with a second detector positioned at a defined angle. A neural network is trained to separate such events from events which come from multi-site dominated samples. Identification efficiencies of ~80% are achieved for both single- and multi-site events.
nucl-ex
compton scattering is one of the dominant interaction processes in germanium for photons with an energy of around two mev if a photon scatters only once inside a germanium detector the resulting event contains only one electron which normally deposits its energy within a mm range such events are similar to ge76 neutrinoless double betadecay events with just two electrons in the final state other photon interactions like pair production or multiple scattering can result in events composed of separated energy deposits one method to identify the multiple energy deposits is the use of timing information contained in the electrical response of a detector or a segment of a detector the procedures developed to separate single and multiplesite events are tested with specially selected event samples provided by an 18fold segmented prototype germanium detector for phase ii of the germanium detector array gerda the single compton scattering ie singlesite events are tagged by coincidently detecting the scattered photon with a second detector positioned at a defined angle a neural network is trained to separate such events from events which come from multisite dominated samples identification efficiencies of 80 are achieved for both single and multisite events
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708.0918
A spherical model with directional interactions: I. Static properties
We introduce a simple spherical model whose structural properties are similar to the ones generated by models with directional interactions, by employing a binary mixture of large and small hard spheres, with a square-well attraction acting only between particles of different size. The small particles provide the bonds between the large ones. With a proper choice of the interaction parameters, as well as of the relative concentration of the two species, it is possible to control the effective valence. Here we focus on a specific choice of the parameters which favors tetrahedral ordering and study the equilibrium static properties of the system in a large window of densities and temperatures. Upon lowering the temperature we observe a progressive increase in local order, accompanied by the formation of a four-coordinated network of bonds. Three different density regions are observed: at low density the system phase separates into a gas and a liquid phase; at intermediate densities a network of fully bonded particles develops; at high densities -- due to the competition between excluded volume and attractive interactions -- the system forms a defective network. The very same behavior has been previously observed in numerical studies of non-spherical models for molecular liquids, such as water, and in models of patchy colloidal particles. Differently from these models, theoretical treatments devised for spherical potentials, e.g. integral equations and ideal mode coupling theory for the glass transition can be applied in the present case, opening the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic and dynamic behavior of low valence molecules and particles.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.soft
we introduce a simple spherical model whose structural properties are similar to the ones generated by models with directional interactions by employing a binary mixture of large and small hard spheres with a squarewell attraction acting only between particles of different size the small particles provide the bonds between the large ones with a proper choice of the interaction parameters as well as of the relative concentration of the two species it is possible to control the effective valence here we focus on a specific choice of the parameters which favors tetrahedral ordering and study the equilibrium static properties of the system in a large window of densities and temperatures upon lowering the temperature we observe a progressive increase in local order accompanied by the formation of a fourcoordinated network of bonds three different density regions are observed at low density the system phase separates into a gas and a liquid phase at intermediate densities a network of fully bonded particles develops at high densities due to the competition between excluded volume and attractive interactions the system forms a defective network the very same behavior has been previously observed in numerical studies of nonspherical models for molecular liquids such as water and in models of patchy colloidal particles differently from these models theoretical treatments devised for spherical potentials eg integral equations and ideal mode coupling theory for the glass transition can be applied in the present case opening the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic and dynamic behavior of low valence molecules and particles
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708.0919
On the superfluidity of classical liquid in nanotubes
In 2001, the author proposed the ultra second quantization method. The ultra second quantization of the Schr\"odinger equation, as well as its ordinary second quantization, is a representation of the N-particle Schr\"odinger equation, and this means that basically the ultra second quantization of the equation is the same as the original N-particle equation: they coincide in 3N-dimensional space. We consider a short action pairwise potential V(x_i -x_j). This means that as the number of particles tends to infinity, $N\to\infty$, interaction is possible for only a finite number of particles. Therefore, the potential depends on N in the following way: $V_N=V((x_i-x_j)N^{1/3})$. If V(y) is finite with support $\Omega_V$, then as $N\to\infty$ the support engulfs a finite number of particles, and this number does not depend on N. As a result, it turns out that the superfluidity occurs for velocities less than $\min(\lambda_{\text{crit}}, \frac{h}{2mR})$, where $\lambda_{\text{crit}}$ is the critical Landau velocity and R is the radius of the nanotube.
math-ph cond-mat.other math.MP
in 2001 the author proposed the ultra second quantization method the ultra second quantization of the schrodinger equation as well as its ordinary second quantization is a representation of the nparticle schrodinger equation and this means that basically the ultra second quantization of the equation is the same as the original nparticle equation they coincide in 3ndimensional space we consider a short action pairwise potential vx_i x_j this means that as the number of particles tends to infinity ntoinfty interaction is possible for only a finite number of particles therefore the potential depends on n in the following way v_nvx_ix_jn13 if vy is finite with support omega_v then as ntoinfty the support engulfs a finite number of particles and this number does not depend on n as a result it turns out that the superfluidity occurs for velocities less than minlambda_textcrit frach2mr where lambda_textcrit is the critical landau velocity and r is the radius of the nanotube
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708.092
Planar graphs and covers
Planar locally finite graphs which are almost vertex transitive are discussed. If the graph is 3-connected and has at most one end then the group of automorphisms is a planar discontinuous group and its structure is well-known. A general result is obtained for such graphs where no restriction is put on the number of ends. It is shown that such a graph can be built up from one ended or finite planar graphs in a precise way. The results give a classification of the finitely generated groups with planar Cayley graphs.
math.GR
planar locally finite graphs which are almost vertex transitive are discussed if the graph is 3connected and has at most one end then the group of automorphisms is a planar discontinuous group and its structure is wellknown a general result is obtained for such graphs where no restriction is put on the number of ends it is shown that such a graph can be built up from one ended or finite planar graphs in a precise way the results give a classification of the finitely generated groups with planar cayley graphs
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708.0921
Evidence for gap anisotropy in CaC6 from directional point-contact spectroscopy
We present the first results of directional point-contact spectroscopy in high quality CaC6 samples both along the ab plane and in the c-axis direction. The superconducting order parameter \Delta(0), obtained by fitting the Andreev-reflection (AR) conductance curves at temperatures down to 400 mK with the single-band 3D Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model, presents two different distributions in the two directions of the main current injection, peaked at 1.35 and 1.71 meV, respectively. By ab-initio calculations of the AR conductance spectra, we show that the experimental results are in good agreement with the recent predictions of gap anisotropy in CaC6.
cond-mat.supr-con
we present the first results of directional pointcontact spectroscopy in high quality cac6 samples both along the ab plane and in the caxis direction the superconducting order parameter delta0 obtained by fitting the andreevreflection ar conductance curves at temperatures down to 400 mk with the singleband 3d blondertinkhamklapwijk model presents two different distributions in the two directions of the main current injection peaked at 135 and 171 mev respectively by abinitio calculations of the ar conductance spectra we show that the experimental results are in good agreement with the recent predictions of gap anisotropy in cac6
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708.0922
Star Formation in NGC 5194 (M51a). II. The Spatially-Resolved Star Formation Law
We have studied the relationship between the star formation rate (SFR) surface density and gas surface density in the spiral galaxy M51a (NGC 5194), using multi-wavelength data obtained as part of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS). We introduce a new SFR index based on a linear combination of H-alpha emission-line and 24 micron continuum luminosities, that provides reliable extinction-corrected ionizing fluxes and SFR densities over a wide range of dust attenuations. The combination of these extinction-corrected SFR densities with aperture synthesis HI and CO maps has allowed us to probe the form of the spatially-resolved star formation law on scales of 0.5 to 2 kpc. We find that the resolved SFR vs gas surface density relation is well represented by a Schmidt power law, which is similar in form and dispersion to the disk-averaged Schmidt law. We observe a comparably strong correlation of the SFR surface density with the molecular gas surface density, but no significant correlation with the surface density of atomic gas. The best-fitting slope of the Schmidt law varies from N = 1.37 to 1.56, with zeropoint and slope that change systematically with the spatial sampling scale. We tentatively attribute these variations to the effects of areal sampling and averaging of a nonlinear intrinsic star formation law. Our data can also be fitted by an alternative parametrization of the SFR surface density in terms of the ratio of gas surface density to local dynamical time, but with a considerable dispersion.
astro-ph
we have studied the relationship between the star formation rate sfr surface density and gas surface density in the spiral galaxy m51a ngc 5194 using multiwavelength data obtained as part of the spitzer infrared nearby galaxies survey sings we introduce a new sfr index based on a linear combination of halpha emissionline and 24 micron continuum luminosities that provides reliable extinctioncorrected ionizing fluxes and sfr densities over a wide range of dust attenuations the combination of these extinctioncorrected sfr densities with aperture synthesis hi and co maps has allowed us to probe the form of the spatiallyresolved star formation law on scales of 05 to 2 kpc we find that the resolved sfr vs gas surface density relation is well represented by a schmidt power law which is similar in form and dispersion to the diskaveraged schmidt law we observe a comparably strong correlation of the sfr surface density with the molecular gas surface density but no significant correlation with the surface density of atomic gas the bestfitting slope of the schmidt law varies from n 137 to 156 with zeropoint and slope that change systematically with the spatial sampling scale we tentatively attribute these variations to the effects of areal sampling and averaging of a nonlinear intrinsic star formation law our data can also be fitted by an alternative parametrization of the sfr surface density in terms of the ratio of gas surface density to local dynamical time but with a considerable dispersion
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708.0923
Spherical Nilpotent Orbits in Positive Characteristic
Let G be a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p. Assume that p is good for G. In this note we classify all the spherical nilpotent G-orbits in the Lie algebra of G. The classification is the same as in the characteristic zero case obtained by D.I. Panyushev in 1994: for e a nilpotent element in the Lie algebra of G, the G-orbit G.e is spherical if and only if the height of e is at most 3.
math.GR math.RA
let g be a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p assume that p is good for g in this note we classify all the spherical nilpotent gorbits in the lie algebra of g the classification is the same as in the characteristic zero case obtained by di panyushev in 1994 for e a nilpotent element in the lie algebra of g the gorbit ge is spherical if and only if the height of e is at most 3
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708.0924
Modified non-local-F(R) gravity as the key for the inflation and dark energy
We consider FRW cosmology in non-local modified gravity. Its local scalar-tensor formulation is developed. It is explicitly demonstrated that such theory may lead to the unification of early-time inflation with late-time cosmic acceleration. The quintessence or phantom era may emerge for specific form of the action. The coupled non-local-F(R) gravity is also investigated. It is shown that such theory being consistent with Solar System tests may lead to the known universe history sequence: inflation, radiation/matter dominance and dark epoch.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
we consider frw cosmology in nonlocal modified gravity its local scalartensor formulation is developed it is explicitly demonstrated that such theory may lead to the unification of earlytime inflation with latetime cosmic acceleration the quintessence or phantom era may emerge for specific form of the action the coupled nonlocalfr gravity is also investigated it is shown that such theory being consistent with solar system tests may lead to the known universe history sequence inflation radiationmatter dominance and dark epoch
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708.0925
Emergence of communities in weighted networks
Topology and weights are closely related in weighted complex networks and this is reflected in their modular structure. We present a simple network model where the weights are generated dynamically and they shape the developing topology. By tuning a model parameter governing the importance of weights, the resulting networks undergo a gradual structural transition from a module free topology to one with communities. The model also reproduces many features of large social networks, including the "weak links" property.
physics.soc-ph
topology and weights are closely related in weighted complex networks and this is reflected in their modular structure we present a simple network model where the weights are generated dynamically and they shape the developing topology by tuning a model parameter governing the importance of weights the resulting networks undergo a gradual structural transition from a module free topology to one with communities the model also reproduces many features of large social networks including the weak links property
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708.0926
Dynamical Lower Bounds for 1D Dirac Operators
Quantum dynamical lower bounds for continuous and discrete one-dimensional Dirac operators are established in terms of transfer matrices. Then such results are applied to various models, including the Bernoulli-Dirac one and, in contrast to the discrete case, critical energies are also found for the continuous Dirac case with positive mass.
math-ph math.FA math.MP
quantum dynamical lower bounds for continuous and discrete onedimensional dirac operators are established in terms of transfer matrices then such results are applied to various models including the bernoullidirac one and in contrast to the discrete case critical energies are also found for the continuous dirac case with positive mass
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708.0927
Modeling Visual Information Processing in Brain: A Computer Vision Point of View and Approach
We live in the Information Age, and information has become a critically important component of our life. The success of the Internet made huge amounts of it easily available and accessible to everyone. To keep the flow of this information manageable, means for its faultless circulation and effective handling have become urgently required. Considerable research efforts are dedicated today to address this necessity, but they are seriously hampered by the lack of a common agreement about "What is information?" In particular, what is "visual information" - human's primary input from the surrounding world. The problem is further aggravated by a long-lasting stance borrowed from the biological vision research that assumes human-like information processing as an enigmatic mix of perceptual and cognitive vision faculties. I am trying to find a remedy for this bizarre situation. Relying on a new definition of "information", which can be derived from Kolmogorov's compexity theory and Chaitin's notion of algorithmic information, I propose a unifying framework for visual information processing, which explicitly accounts for the perceptual and cognitive image processing peculiarities. I believe that this framework will be useful to overcome the difficulties that are impeding our attempts to develop the right model of human-like intelligent image processing.
cs.AI cs.CV
we live in the information age and information has become a critically important component of our life the success of the internet made huge amounts of it easily available and accessible to everyone to keep the flow of this information manageable means for its faultless circulation and effective handling have become urgently required considerable research efforts are dedicated today to address this necessity but they are seriously hampered by the lack of a common agreement about what is information in particular what is visual information humans primary input from the surrounding world the problem is further aggravated by a longlasting stance borrowed from the biological vision research that assumes humanlike information processing as an enigmatic mix of perceptual and cognitive vision faculties i am trying to find a remedy for this bizarre situation relying on a new definition of information which can be derived from kolmogorovs compexity theory and chaitins notion of algorithmic information i propose a unifying framework for visual information processing which explicitly accounts for the perceptual and cognitive image processing peculiarities i believe that this framework will be useful to overcome the difficulties that are impeding our attempts to develop the right model of humanlike intelligent image processing
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708.0928
Dual Bosonic Thermal Green Function and Fermion Correlators of the Massive Thirring Model at a Finite Temperature
The Euclidian thermal Green function of the two-dimensional (2D) free massless scalar field in coordinate space is written as the real part of a complex analytic function of a variable that conformally maps the infinite strip $-\infty<x<\infty$ ($0<\tau<\beta$) of the $z=x+i\tau$ ($\tau$: imaginary time) plane into the upper-half-plane. Using this fact and the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, we identify the dual thermal Green function as the imaginary part of that function. Using both the thermal Green function and its dual, we obtain an explicit series expression for the fermionic correlation functions of the massive Thirring model (MTM) at a finite temperature.
hep-th
the euclidian thermal green function of the twodimensional 2d free massless scalar field in coordinate space is written as the real part of a complex analytic function of a variable that conformally maps the infinite strip inftyxinfty 0taubeta of the zxitau tau imaginary time plane into the upperhalfplane using this fact and the cauchyriemann conditions we identify the dual thermal green function as the imaginary part of that function using both the thermal green function and its dual we obtain an explicit series expression for the fermionic correlation functions of the massive thirring model mtm at a finite temperature
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708.0929
Relativity without tears
Special relativity is no longer a new revolutionary theory but a firmly established cornerstone of modern physics. The teaching of special relativity, however, still follows its presentation as it unfolded historically, trying to convince the audience of this teaching that Newtonian physics is natural but incorrect and special relativity is its paradoxical but correct amendment. I argue in this article in favor of logical instead of historical trend in teaching of relativity and that special relativity is neither paradoxical nor correct (in the absolute sense of the nineteenth century) but the most natural and expected description of the real space-time around us valid for all practical purposes. This last circumstance constitutes a profound mystery of modern physics better known as the cosmological constant problem.
physics.ed-ph hep-th physics.gen-ph
special relativity is no longer a new revolutionary theory but a firmly established cornerstone of modern physics the teaching of special relativity however still follows its presentation as it unfolded historically trying to convince the audience of this teaching that newtonian physics is natural but incorrect and special relativity is its paradoxical but correct amendment i argue in this article in favor of logical instead of historical trend in teaching of relativity and that special relativity is neither paradoxical nor correct in the absolute sense of the nineteenth century but the most natural and expected description of the real spacetime around us valid for all practical purposes this last circumstance constitutes a profound mystery of modern physics better known as the cosmological constant problem
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708.093
Violation of Porod law in a freely cooling granular gas in one dimension
We study a model of freely cooling inelastic granular gas in one dimension, with a restitution coefficient which approaches the elastic limit below a relative velocity scale v. While at early times (t << 1/v) the gas behaves as a completely inelastic sticky gas conforming to predictions of earlier studies, at late times (t >> 1/v) it exhibits a new fluctuation dominated phase ordering state. We find distinct scaling behavior for the (i) density distribution function, (ii) occupied and empty gap distribution functions, (iii) the density structure function and (iv) the velocity structure function, as compared to the completely inelastic sticky gas. The spatial structure functions (iii) and (iv) violate the Porod law. Within a mean-field approximation, the exponents describing the structure functions are related to those describing the spatial gap distribution functions.
cond-mat.stat-mech
we study a model of freely cooling inelastic granular gas in one dimension with a restitution coefficient which approaches the elastic limit below a relative velocity scale v while at early times t 1v the gas behaves as a completely inelastic sticky gas conforming to predictions of earlier studies at late times t 1v it exhibits a new fluctuation dominated phase ordering state we find distinct scaling behavior for the i density distribution function ii occupied and empty gap distribution functions iii the density structure function and iv the velocity structure function as compared to the completely inelastic sticky gas the spatial structure functions iii and iv violate the porod law within a meanfield approximation the exponents describing the structure functions are related to those describing the spatial gap distribution functions
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708.0931
Spectroscopy of the a^3\Sigma_u^+ state and the coupling to the X^1\Sigma_g^+ state of K_2
We report on high resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy of fluorescence to the a^3\Sigma_u^+ state excited by two-photon or two-step excitation from the X^1\Sigma_g^+ state to the 2^3\Pi_g state in the molecule K_2. These spectroscopic data are combined with recent results of Feshbach resonances and two-color photoassociation spectra for deriving the potential curves of X^1\Sigma_g^+ and a^3\Sigma_u^+ up to the asymptote. The precise relative position of the triplet levels with respect of the singlet levels was achieved by including the excitation energies from the X^1\Sigma_g^+ state to the 2^3\Pi_g state and down to the a^3\Sigma_u^+ state in the simultaneous fit of both potentials. The derived precise potential curves allow for reliable modeling of cold collisions of pairs of potassium atoms in their ^2S ground state.
physics.atom-ph
we report on high resolution fouriertransform spectroscopy of fluorescence to the a3sigma_u state excited by twophoton or twostep excitation from the x1sigma_g state to the 23pi_g state in the molecule k_2 these spectroscopic data are combined with recent results of feshbach resonances and twocolor photoassociation spectra for deriving the potential curves of x1sigma_g and a3sigma_u up to the asymptote the precise relative position of the triplet levels with respect of the singlet levels was achieved by including the excitation energies from the x1sigma_g state to the 23pi_g state and down to the a3sigma_u state in the simultaneous fit of both potentials the derived precise potential curves allow for reliable modeling of cold collisions of pairs of potassium atoms in their 2s ground state
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708.0932
Inflating Fat Bubbles in Clusters of Galaxies by Precessing Massive Slow Jets
We conduct hydrodynamical numerical simulations and find that precessing massive slow jets can inflate fat bubbles, i.e., more or less spherical bubbles, that are attached to the center of clusters of galaxies. To inflate a fat bubble the jet should precess fast. The precessing angle $\theta$ should be large, or change over a large range $ 0 \le \theta \le \theta_{\max} \sim 30-70 ^\circ$ (depending also on other parameters), where $\theta=0$ is the symmetry axis. The constraints on the velocity and mass outflow rate are similar to those on wide jets to inflate fat bubbles. The velocity should be $v_j \sim 10^4 \kms$, and the mass loss rate of the two jets should be $ 2 \dot M_j \simeq 1-50 \dot M_\odot \yr^{-1} $. These results, and our results from a previous paper dealing with slow wide jets, support the claim that a large fraction of the feedback heating in cooling flow clusters and in the processes of galaxy formation is done by slow massive jets.
astro-ph
we conduct hydrodynamical numerical simulations and find that precessing massive slow jets can inflate fat bubbles ie more or less spherical bubbles that are attached to the center of clusters of galaxies to inflate a fat bubble the jet should precess fast the precessing angle theta should be large or change over a large range 0 le theta le theta_max sim 3070 circ depending also on other parameters where theta0 is the symmetry axis the constraints on the velocity and mass outflow rate are similar to those on wide jets to inflate fat bubbles the velocity should be v_j sim 104 kms and the mass loss rate of the two jets should be 2 dot m_j simeq 150 dot m_odot yr1 these results and our results from a previous paper dealing with slow wide jets support the claim that a large fraction of the feedback heating in cooling flow clusters and in the processes of galaxy formation is done by slow massive jets
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708.0933
How not to discard half of the cases in QKD
All known QKD protocols require the parties to discard the results when they have chosen differen bases. In this paper we show that it is not necessary. We give examples of QKD protocols that are as safe as standard ones but do not involve the discarding the results when the bases are different or even that do not require the announcement of the bases. This leads to greater communication channel capacities and render some eavesdropping strategies useless but the most important thing is that they provide us better insight into the general structures that underlie the quantum cryptography and help to establish the boundaries of what is possible and what is not.
quant-ph
all known qkd protocols require the parties to discard the results when they have chosen differen bases in this paper we show that it is not necessary we give examples of qkd protocols that are as safe as standard ones but do not involve the discarding the results when the bases are different or even that do not require the announcement of the bases this leads to greater communication channel capacities and render some eavesdropping strategies useless but the most important thing is that they provide us better insight into the general structures that underlie the quantum cryptography and help to establish the boundaries of what is possible and what is not
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708.0934
Generalized Cherednik-Macdonald identities
We derive generalizations of the Cherednik-Macdonald constant term identities associated to root systems which depend, besides on the usual multiplicity function, symmetrically on two quasi-periods. They are natural analogues of the Cherednik-Macdonald constant term q-identities in which the deformation parameter q is allowed to have modulus one. They unite the Cherednik-Macdonald constant term q-identities with closely related Jackson p-integral identities due to Macdonald, where the deformation parameter p is related to q by modular inversion.
math.QA math.CA
we derive generalizations of the cherednikmacdonald constant term identities associated to root systems which depend besides on the usual multiplicity function symmetrically on two quasiperiods they are natural analogues of the cherednikmacdonald constant term qidentities in which the deformation parameter q is allowed to have modulus one they unite the cherednikmacdonald constant term qidentities with closely related jackson pintegral identities due to macdonald where the deformation parameter p is related to q by modular inversion
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708.0935
Thermodynamical quantities for overlap fermions with chemical potential
Recently a formulation of overlap fermions at finite density based on an analytic continuation of the sign function was proposed. We study this proposal by analyzing the energy and number densities for free fermions as a function of the chemical potential and the temperature. Our results show that overlap fermions with chemical potential give rise to the correct continuum behavior.
hep-lat
recently a formulation of overlap fermions at finite density based on an analytic continuation of the sign function was proposed we study this proposal by analyzing the energy and number densities for free fermions as a function of the chemical potential and the temperature our results show that overlap fermions with chemical potential give rise to the correct continuum behavior
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708.0936
Couplings of the Rho Meson in a Holographic dual of QCD with Regge Trajectories
The couplings $g_{\rho HH}$ of the $\rho$ meson with any hadron H are calculated in a holographic dual of QCD where the Regge trajectories for mesons are manifest. The resulting couplings grow linearly with the exciting number of H, thus are far from universal. A simple argument has been given for this behavior based on quasi-classical picture of excited hadrons. It seems that in holographic duals with exact Regge trajectories the $g_{\rho HH}$ universality should be violated. The $\rho$-dominance for the electromagnetic form factors of H are also strongly violated, except for the lowest state, the pion. Quite unexpected, the form factor of the pion is completely saturated by the contribution of the $\rho$. The asymptotic behavior of the form factors are also calculated, and are found to be perfectly accordant with the prediction of conformal symmetry and pertubative QCD.
hep-ph
the couplings g_rho hh of the rho meson with any hadron h are calculated in a holographic dual of qcd where the regge trajectories for mesons are manifest the resulting couplings grow linearly with the exciting number of h thus are far from universal a simple argument has been given for this behavior based on quasiclassical picture of excited hadrons it seems that in holographic duals with exact regge trajectories the g_rho hh universality should be violated the rhodominance for the electromagnetic form factors of h are also strongly violated except for the lowest state the pion quite unexpected the form factor of the pion is completely saturated by the contribution of the rho the asymptotic behavior of the form factors are also calculated and are found to be perfectly accordant with the prediction of conformal symmetry and pertubative qcd
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708.0937
U-boson and the HyperCP exotic events
We show that the very light spin-1 gauge U-boson of the extra $U(1)'$ gauge model in the framework of the supersymmetric standard model extension can be a good candidate of the new light particle suggested by the HyperCP experiment. We demonstrate that the flavor changing neutral currents (FCNCs) for the HyperCP events in the decay of $\Sigma^{+}\to p \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ can be generated at both tree and loop levels. In particular, we find that the loop induced $s\to d U$ transition due to the tensor-type interaction with the dimension-5 electric dipole operator plays a very important role on the FCNCs. Our explanation of the HyperCP data with the spin-1 U-boson is different from that based on a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson or sgoldstino in the literature. In particular, the U-boson involves a rich phenomenology in particle physics as well as cosmology.
hep-ph hep-ex
we show that the very light spin1 gauge uboson of the extra u1 gauge model in the framework of the supersymmetric standard model extension can be a good candidate of the new light particle suggested by the hypercp experiment we demonstrate that the flavor changing neutral currents fcncs for the hypercp events in the decay of sigmato p mu mu can be generated at both tree and loop levels in particular we find that the loop induced sto d u transition due to the tensortype interaction with the dimension5 electric dipole operator plays a very important role on the fcncs our explanation of the hypercp data with the spin1 uboson is different from that based on a light pseudoscalar higgs boson or sgoldstino in the literature in particular the uboson involves a rich phenomenology in particle physics as well as cosmology
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708.0938
Cavity cooling of translational and ro-vibrational motion of molecules: ab initio-based simulations for OH and NO
We present detailed calculations at the basis of our recent proposal for simultaneous cooling the rotational, vibrational and external molecular degrees of freedom. In this method, the molecular rovibronic states are coupled by an intense laser and an optical cavity via coherent Raman processes enhanced by the strong coupling with the cavity modes. For a prototype system, OH, we showed that the translational motion is cooled to few micro Kelvin and the molecule is brought to the internal ground state in about a second. Here, we investigate numerically the dependence of the cooling scheme on the molecular polarizability, selecting NO as a second example. Furthermore, we demonstrate the general applicability of the proposed cooling scheme to initially vibrationally and rotationally hot molecular systems.
quant-ph
we present detailed calculations at the basis of our recent proposal for simultaneous cooling the rotational vibrational and external molecular degrees of freedom in this method the molecular rovibronic states are coupled by an intense laser and an optical cavity via coherent raman processes enhanced by the strong coupling with the cavity modes for a prototype system oh we showed that the translational motion is cooled to few micro kelvin and the molecule is brought to the internal ground state in about a second here we investigate numerically the dependence of the cooling scheme on the molecular polarizability selecting no as a second example furthermore we demonstrate the general applicability of the proposed cooling scheme to initially vibrationally and rotationally hot molecular systems
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708.0939
Spin and charge orders and their hole-doping dependence in single layered cobaltate La2-xCaxCoO4(0.3<x<0.8)
Neutron scattering experiments were performed on single crystals of layered cobalt-oxides La2-xCaxCoO4 (LCCO) to characterize the charge and spin orders in a wide hole-doping range of 0.3<x<0.8. For a commensurate value of x=0.5 in (H,0,L) plane, two types of superlattice reflections concomitantly appear at low temperature; one corresponds to a checkerboard charge ordered pattern of Co2+/Co3+ ions and the other is magnetic in origin. Further, the latter magnetic-superlattice peaks show two types of symmetry in the reflections, suggesting antiferromagnetic-stacking (AF-S) and ferromagnetic-stacking (F-S) patterns of spins along the c direction. From the hole-doping dependence, the in-plane correlation lengths of both charge and spin orders are found to give a maximum at x=0.5. These features are the same with those of x=0.5 in La1-xSr1+xMnO4 (LSMO), a typical checkerboard and spin ordered compound. However, in (H,H,L) plane, we found a magnetic scattering peak at Q=(1/4,1/4,1/2) position below TN. This magnetic peak can not be understood by considering the Co2+ spin configuration, suggesting that this peak is originated from Co3+ spin order. By analyzing these superlattice reflections, we found that they are originated from high-spin state of Co3+ spin order.
cond-mat.str-el
neutron scattering experiments were performed on single crystals of layered cobaltoxides la2xcaxcoo4 lcco to characterize the charge and spin orders in a wide holedoping range of 03x08 for a commensurate value of x05 in h0l plane two types of superlattice reflections concomitantly appear at low temperature one corresponds to a checkerboard charge ordered pattern of co2co3 ions and the other is magnetic in origin further the latter magneticsuperlattice peaks show two types of symmetry in the reflections suggesting antiferromagneticstacking afs and ferromagneticstacking fs patterns of spins along the c direction from the holedoping dependence the inplane correlation lengths of both charge and spin orders are found to give a maximum at x05 these features are the same with those of x05 in la1xsr1xmno4 lsmo a typical checkerboard and spin ordered compound however in hhl plane we found a magnetic scattering peak at q141412 position below tn this magnetic peak can not be understood by considering the co2 spin configuration suggesting that this peak is originated from co3 spin order by analyzing these superlattice reflections we found that they are originated from highspin state of co3 spin order
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708.094
Charged-Higgs Collider Signals with or without Flavor
A charged Higgs boson is a clear signal for an extended Higgs sector, as for example predicted by supersymmetry. Squark mixing can significantly change the pattern of charged-Higgs production and most notably circumvent the chiral suppression for single Higgs production. We evaluate the LHC discovery potential in the light of flavor physics, in the single-Higgs production channel and in association with a hard jet for small and moderate values of tan beta. Thoroughly examining current flavor constraints we find that non-minimal flavor structures can have a sizeable impact, but tend to predict moderate production rates. Nevertheless, charged-Higgs searches will probe flavor structures not accessible to rare kaon, bottom, or charm experiments, and can invalidate the assumption of minimal flavor violation.
hep-ph
a charged higgs boson is a clear signal for an extended higgs sector as for example predicted by supersymmetry squark mixing can significantly change the pattern of chargedhiggs production and most notably circumvent the chiral suppression for single higgs production we evaluate the lhc discovery potential in the light of flavor physics in the singlehiggs production channel and in association with a hard jet for small and moderate values of tan beta thoroughly examining current flavor constraints we find that nonminimal flavor structures can have a sizeable impact but tend to predict moderate production rates nevertheless chargedhiggs searches will probe flavor structures not accessible to rare kaon bottom or charm experiments and can invalidate the assumption of minimal flavor violation
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708.0941
An entire function with simply and multiply connected wandering domains
We modify a construction of Kisaka and Shishikura to show that there exists an entire function which has both a simply connected and a multiply connected wandering domain. Moreover, these domains are contained in the set of fast escaping points.
math.CV math.DS
we modify a construction of kisaka and shishikura to show that there exists an entire function which has both a simply connected and a multiply connected wandering domain moreover these domains are contained in the set of fast escaping points
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708.0942
Evolution of supermassive black holes
The cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) seems to be intimately linked to their host galaxies. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be probed by deep X-ray surveys. We review results from large X-ray selected samples including first results from the XMM-Newton COSMOS survey. A new picture arises from the fact that high-luminosity AGN grow earlier than low-luminosity AGN. In particular, the space density of low-luminosity AGN exhibits a significant decline for redshifts above z=1. This 'anti--hierarchical' growth scenario of SMBHs can be explained by two modes of accretion with different efficiency. The population of Compton-thick sources plays a key role in our understanding of the BH growth history. Their space density and redshift distribution is relevant to estimate the SMBH mass function. A comparison with the relic SMBH mass distribution in the local Universe constrains the average radiative efficiency and Eddington ratio of the accretion. We discuss a new synthesis model of Compton-thin and Compton-thick sources that is in concordance with deep X-ray observations and in particular predicts the right level of contribution of the Compton-thick source population observed in the Chandra Deep Field South observations as well as the first INTEGRAL and Swift catalogues of AGN. Currently, one of the most important problems is the evolution of obscuration with redshift.
astro-ph
the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes smbhs seems to be intimately linked to their host galaxies active galactic nuclei agn can be probed by deep xray surveys we review results from large xray selected samples including first results from the xmmnewton cosmos survey a new picture arises from the fact that highluminosity agn grow earlier than lowluminosity agn in particular the space density of lowluminosity agn exhibits a significant decline for redshifts above z1 this antihierarchical growth scenario of smbhs can be explained by two modes of accretion with different efficiency the population of comptonthick sources plays a key role in our understanding of the bh growth history their space density and redshift distribution is relevant to estimate the smbh mass function a comparison with the relic smbh mass distribution in the local universe constrains the average radiative efficiency and eddington ratio of the accretion we discuss a new synthesis model of comptonthin and comptonthick sources that is in concordance with deep xray observations and in particular predicts the right level of contribution of the comptonthick source population observed in the chandra deep field south observations as well as the first integral and swift catalogues of agn currently one of the most important problems is the evolution of obscuration with redshift
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708.0943
Kinematics of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association
A fine structure related to the kinematic peculiarities of three components of the Scorpius-Centaurus association (LCC, UCL, and US) has been revealed in the UV-velocity distribution of Gould Belt stars. We have been able to identify the most likely members of these groups by applying the method of analyzing the two-dimensional probability density function of stellar UV velocities that we developed. A kinematic analysis of the identified structural components has shown that, in general, the center--of--mass motion of the LCC, UCL, and US groups follows the motion characteristic of the Gould Belt, notably its expansion. The entire Scorpius-Centaurus complex is shown to possess a proper expansion with an angular velocity parameter of 46+-8 km/s/kpc for the kinematic center with lo=-40 degrees and Ro=110 pc found. Based on this velocity, we have estimated the characteristic expansion time of the complex to be 21+-4 Myr. The proper rotation velocity of the Scorpius-Centaurus complex is lower in magnitude, is determined less reliably, and depends markedly on the data quality.
astro-ph
a fine structure related to the kinematic peculiarities of three components of the scorpiuscentaurus association lcc ucl and us has been revealed in the uvvelocity distribution of gould belt stars we have been able to identify the most likely members of these groups by applying the method of analyzing the twodimensional probability density function of stellar uv velocities that we developed a kinematic analysis of the identified structural components has shown that in general the centerofmass motion of the lcc ucl and us groups follows the motion characteristic of the gould belt notably its expansion the entire scorpiuscentaurus complex is shown to possess a proper expansion with an angular velocity parameter of 468 kmskpc for the kinematic center with lo40 degrees and ro110 pc found based on this velocity we have estimated the characteristic expansion time of the complex to be 214 myr the proper rotation velocity of the scorpiuscentaurus complex is lower in magnitude is determined less reliably and depends markedly on the data quality
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708.0944
Highly efficient single photon emission from single quantum dots within a two-dimensional photonic bandgap
We report highly efficient single photon generation from InGaAs self-assembled quantum dots emitting within a two-dimensional photonic bandgap. A strongly suppressed multiphoton probability is obtained for single quantum dots in bulk GaAs and those emitting into the photonic bandgap. In the latter case, photoluminescence saturation spectroscopy is employed to measure a ~17 times enhancement of the average photon extraction efficiency, when compared to quantum dots in bulk GaAs. For quantum dots in the photonic crystal we measure directly an external quantum efficiency up to 26%, much higher than for quantum dots on the same sample without a tailored photonic environment. The results show that highly efficient quantum dot single photon sources can be realized, without the need for complex nanopositioning techniques.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other
we report highly efficient single photon generation from ingaas selfassembled quantum dots emitting within a twodimensional photonic bandgap a strongly suppressed multiphoton probability is obtained for single quantum dots in bulk gaas and those emitting into the photonic bandgap in the latter case photoluminescence saturation spectroscopy is employed to measure a 17 times enhancement of the average photon extraction efficiency when compared to quantum dots in bulk gaas for quantum dots in the photonic crystal we measure directly an external quantum efficiency up to 26 much higher than for quantum dots on the same sample without a tailored photonic environment the results show that highly efficient quantum dot single photon sources can be realized without the need for complex nanopositioning techniques
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708.0945
An iterative tomogravity algorithm for the estimation of network traffic
This paper introduces an iterative tomogravity algorithm for the estimation of a network traffic matrix based on one snapshot observation of the link loads in the network. The proposed method does not require complete observation of the total load on individual edge links or proper tuning of a penalty parameter as existing methods do. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate that the iterative tomogravity method controls the estimation error well when the link data is fully observed and produces robust results with moderate amount of missing link data.
stat.AP
this paper introduces an iterative tomogravity algorithm for the estimation of a network traffic matrix based on one snapshot observation of the link loads in the network the proposed method does not require complete observation of the total load on individual edge links or proper tuning of a penalty parameter as existing methods do numerical results are presented to demonstrate that the iterative tomogravity method controls the estimation error well when the link data is fully observed and produces robust results with moderate amount of missing link data
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708.0946
Asymptotics for Hermite-Pade rational approximants for two analytic functions with separated pairs of branch points (case of genus 0)
We investigate the asymptotic behavior for type II Hermite-Pade approximation to two functions, where each function has two branch points and the pairs of branch points are separated. We give a classification of the cases such that the limiting counting measures for the poles of the Hermite-Pade approximants are described by an algebraic function of order 3 and genus 0. This situation gives rise to a vector-potential equilibrium problem for three measures and the poles of the common denominator are asymptotically distributed like one of these measures. We also work out the strong asymptotics for the corresponding Hermite-Pade approximants by using a 3x3 Riemann-Hilbert problem that characterizes this Hermite-Pade approximation problem.
math.CA math.CV
we investigate the asymptotic behavior for type ii hermitepade approximation to two functions where each function has two branch points and the pairs of branch points are separated we give a classification of the cases such that the limiting counting measures for the poles of the hermitepade approximants are described by an algebraic function of order 3 and genus 0 this situation gives rise to a vectorpotential equilibrium problem for three measures and the poles of the common denominator are asymptotically distributed like one of these measures we also work out the strong asymptotics for the corresponding hermitepade approximants by using a 3x3 riemannhilbert problem that characterizes this hermitepade approximation problem
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708.0947
Rational semigroup automata
We show that for any monoid M, the family of languages accepted by M-automata (or equivalently, generated by regular valence grammars over M) is completely determined by that part of M which lies outside the maximal ideal. Hence, every such family arises as the family of languages accepted by N-automata where N is a simple or 0-simple monoid. A consequence is that every such family is either the class of regular languages, contains all the blind one-counter languages, or is the family of languages accepted by G-automata for G a non-locally-finite torsion group. We consider a natural extension of the usual definition which permits the automata to utilise more of the structure of each monoid, and also allows us to define S-automata for S an arbitrary semigroup. In the monoid case, the resulting automata are equivalent to the valence automata with rational target sets} which arise in the theory of regulated rewriting systems. We study the case that the register semigroup is completely simple or completely 0-simple, obtaining a complete characterisation of the classes of languages corresponding to such semigroups in terms of their maximal subgroups. In the process, we obtain a number of results about rational subsets of Rees matrix semigroups which may be of independent interest.
math.RA
we show that for any monoid m the family of languages accepted by mautomata or equivalently generated by regular valence grammars over m is completely determined by that part of m which lies outside the maximal ideal hence every such family arises as the family of languages accepted by nautomata where n is a simple or 0simple monoid a consequence is that every such family is either the class of regular languages contains all the blind onecounter languages or is the family of languages accepted by gautomata for g a nonlocallyfinite torsion group we consider a natural extension of the usual definition which permits the automata to utilise more of the structure of each monoid and also allows us to define sautomata for s an arbitrary semigroup in the monoid case the resulting automata are equivalent to the valence automata with rational target sets which arise in the theory of regulated rewriting systems we study the case that the register semigroup is completely simple or completely 0simple obtaining a complete characterisation of the classes of languages corresponding to such semigroups in terms of their maximal subgroups in the process we obtain a number of results about rational subsets of rees matrix semigroups which may be of independent interest
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708.0948
Pricing, Hedging and Optimally Designing Derivatives Via Minimization of Risk Measures
The question of pricing and hedging a given contingent claim has a unique solution in a complete market framework. When some incompleteness is introduced, the problem becomes however more difficult. Several approaches have been adopted in the literature to provide a satisfactory answer to this problem, for a particular choice criterion. In this paper, in order to price and hedge a non-tradable contingent claim, we first start with a (standard) utility maximization problem and end up with an equivalent risk measure minimization. This hedging problem can be seen as a particular case of a more general situation of risk transfer between different agents, one of them consisting of the financial market. In order to provide constructive answers to this general optimal risk transfer problem, both static and dynamic approaches are considered. When considering a dynamic framework, our main purpose is to find a trade-off between static and very abstract risk measures as we are more interested in tractability issues and interpretations of the dynamic risk measures we obtain rather than the ultimate general results. Therefore, after introducing a general axiomatic approach to dynamic risk measures, we relate the dynamic version of convex risk measures to BSDEs.
math.PR
the question of pricing and hedging a given contingent claim has a unique solution in a complete market framework when some incompleteness is introduced the problem becomes however more difficult several approaches have been adopted in the literature to provide a satisfactory answer to this problem for a particular choice criterion in this paper in order to price and hedge a nontradable contingent claim we first start with a standard utility maximization problem and end up with an equivalent risk measure minimization this hedging problem can be seen as a particular case of a more general situation of risk transfer between different agents one of them consisting of the financial market in order to provide constructive answers to this general optimal risk transfer problem both static and dynamic approaches are considered when considering a dynamic framework our main purpose is to find a tradeoff between static and very abstract risk measures as we are more interested in tractability issues and interpretations of the dynamic risk measures we obtain rather than the ultimate general results therefore after introducing a general axiomatic approach to dynamic risk measures we relate the dynamic version of convex risk measures to bsdes
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