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1,803.02767
Babenko's equation for periodic gravity waves on water of finite depth: derivation and numerical solution
The nonlinear two-dimensional problem, describing periodic steady waves on water of finite depth is considered in the absence of surface tension. It is reduced to a single pseudo-differential operator equation (Babenko's equation), which is investigated analytically and numerically. This equation has the same form as the equation for waves on infinitely deep water; the latter had been proposed by Babenko and studied in detail by Buffoni, Dancer and Toland. Instead of the $2 \pi$-periodic Hilbert transform $\mathcal{C}$ used in the equation for deep water, the equation obtained here contains a certain operator $\mathcal{B}_r$, which is the sum of $\mathcal{C}$ and a compact operator whose dependence on the parameter involves on the depth of water. Numerical computations are based on an equivalent form of Babenko's equation derived by virtue of the spectral decomposition of the operator $\mathcal{B}_r \D / \D t$. Bifurcation curves and wave profiles of the extreme form are obtained numerically.
math.AP math-ph math.MP
the nonlinear twodimensional problem describing periodic steady waves on water of finite depth is considered in the absence of surface tension it is reduced to a single pseudodifferential operator equation babenkos equation which is investigated analytically and numerically this equation has the same form as the equation for waves on infinitely deep water the latter had been proposed by babenko and studied in detail by buffoni dancer and toland instead of the 2 piperiodic hilbert transform mathcalc used in the equation for deep water the equation obtained here contains a certain operator mathcalb_r which is the sum of mathcalc and a compact operator whose dependence on the parameter involves on the depth of water numerical computations are based on an equivalent form of babenkos equation derived by virtue of the spectral decomposition of the operator mathcalb_r d d t bifurcation curves and wave profiles of the extreme form are obtained numerically
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1,803.02768
Low frequency view of GW 170817/GRB 170817A with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope
The short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 170817A was the first GRB associated with a gravitational-wave event. Due to the exceptionally low luminosity of the prompt $\gamma$-ray and the afterglow emission, the origin of both radiation components is highly debated. The most discussed models for the burst and the afterglow include a regular GRB jet seen off-axis and the emission from the cocoon encompassing a "choked" jet. Here, we report low radio-frequency observations at 610 and 1390~MHz obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Our observations span a range of $\sim7$ to $\sim152$ days after the burst. The afterglow started to emerge at these low frequencies about 60~days after the burst. The $1390$~MHz light curve barely evolved between 60 and 150 days, but its evolution is also marginally consistent with a $F_\nu\propto t^{0.8}$ rise seen in higher frequencies. We model the radio data and archival X-ray, optical and high-frequency radio data with models of top-hat and Gaussian structured GRB jets. We performed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of the structured-jet parameter space. Though highly degenerate, useful bounds on the posterior probability distributions can be obtained. Our bounds of the viewing angle are consistent with that inferred from the gravitational wave signal. We estimate the energy budget in prompt emission to be an order of magnitude lower than that in the afterglow blast-wave.
astro-ph.HE
the short gammaray burst grb 170817a was the first grb associated with a gravitationalwave event due to the exceptionally low luminosity of the prompt gammaray and the afterglow emission the origin of both radiation components is highly debated the most discussed models for the burst and the afterglow include a regular grb jet seen offaxis and the emission from the cocoon encompassing a choked jet here we report low radiofrequency observations at 610 and 1390mhz obtained with the giant metrewave radio telescope gmrt our observations span a range of sim7 to sim152 days after the burst the afterglow started to emerge at these low frequencies about 60days after the burst the 1390mhz light curve barely evolved between 60 and 150 days but its evolution is also marginally consistent with a f_nupropto t08 rise seen in higher frequencies we model the radio data and archival xray optical and highfrequency radio data with models of tophat and gaussian structured grb jets we performed a markov chain monte carlo analysis of the structuredjet parameter space though highly degenerate useful bounds on the posterior probability distributions can be obtained our bounds of the viewing angle are consistent with that inferred from the gravitational wave signal we estimate the energy budget in prompt emission to be an order of magnitude lower than that in the afterglow blastwave
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1,803.02769
Improvements on the distribution of maximal segmental scores in a Markovian sequence
Let $(A_i)_{i \geq 0}$ be a finite state irreducible aperiodic Markov chain and $f$ a lattice score function such that the average score is negative and positive scores are possible. Define $S_0:=0$ and $S_k:=\sum_{i=1}^k f(A_i)$ the successive partial sums, $S^+$ the maximal non-negative partial sum, $Q_1$ the maximal segmental score of the first non-negative excursion and $M_n:=\max_{0\leq k\leq\ell\leq n} (S_{\ell}-S_k)$ the local score first defined by Karlin and Altschul (1990). We establish recursive formulae for the exact distribution of $S^+$ and derive new approximations for the distributions of $Q_1$ and $M_n$. Computational methods are presented in a simple application case and comparison is performed between these new approximations and the ones proposed by Karlin and Dembo (1992) in order to evaluate improvements.
math.PR
let a_i_i geq 0 be a finite state irreducible aperiodic markov chain and f a lattice score function such that the average score is negative and positive scores are possible define s_00 and s_ksum_i1k fa_i the successive partial sums s the maximal nonnegative partial sum q_1 the maximal segmental score of the first nonnegative excursion and m_nmax_0leq kleqellleq n s_ells_k the local score first defined by karlin and altschul 1990 we establish recursive formulae for the exact distribution of s and derive new approximations for the distributions of q_1 and m_n computational methods are presented in a simple application case and comparison is performed between these new approximations and the ones proposed by karlin and dembo 1992 in order to evaluate improvements
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1,803.0277
An oxorhenium complex bearing a chiral cyclohexane-1-olato-2-thiolato ligand: synthesis, stereochemistry and theoretical study of parity violation vibrational frequency shifts
In our effort towards measuring the parity violation energy difference between two enantiomers, a simple chiral oxorhenium complex 5 bearing enantiopure 2-mercaptocyclohexan-1-ol has been prepared as a potential candidate species. Vibrational circular dichroism revealed a chiral environment surrounding the rhenium atom, even though the rhenium is not a stereogenic centre itself, and enabled to assign the (1S,2S)-(-) and (1R,2R)-(+) absolute configuration for 5. For both compound 5 and complex 4, previously studied by us and bearing a propane-2-olato-3-thiolato ligand, relativistic calculations predict parity violating vibrational frequency differences of a few hundreds of millihertz, above the expected sensitivity attainable by a molecular beam Ramsey interferometer that we are constructing.
physics.atom-ph physics.chem-ph
in our effort towards measuring the parity violation energy difference between two enantiomers a simple chiral oxorhenium complex 5 bearing enantiopure 2mercaptocyclohexan1ol has been prepared as a potential candidate species vibrational circular dichroism revealed a chiral environment surrounding the rhenium atom even though the rhenium is not a stereogenic centre itself and enabled to assign the 1s2s and 1r2r absolute configuration for 5 for both compound 5 and complex 4 previously studied by us and bearing a propane2olato3thiolato ligand relativistic calculations predict parity violating vibrational frequency differences of a few hundreds of millihertz above the expected sensitivity attainable by a molecular beam ramsey interferometer that we are constructing
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1,803.02771
Testing the equivalence principle on cosmological scales
The equivalence principle, that is one of the main pillars of general relativity, is very well tested in the Solar system; however, its validity is more uncertain on cosmological scales, or when dark matter is concerned. This article shows that relativistic effects in the large-scale structure can be used to directly test whether dark matter satisfies Euler's equation, i.e. whether its free fall is characterised by geodesic motion, just like baryons and light. After having proposed a general parametrisation for deviations from Euler's equation, we perform Fisher-matrix forecasts for future surveys like DESI and the SKA, and show that such deviations can be constrained with a precision of order 10%. Deviations from Euler's equation cannot be tested directly with standard methods like redshift-space distortions and gravitational lensing, since these observables are not sensitive to the time component of the metric. Our analysis shows therefore that relativistic effects bring new and complementary constraints to alternative theories of gravity.
astro-ph.CO gr-qc
the equivalence principle that is one of the main pillars of general relativity is very well tested in the solar system however its validity is more uncertain on cosmological scales or when dark matter is concerned this article shows that relativistic effects in the largescale structure can be used to directly test whether dark matter satisfies eulers equation ie whether its free fall is characterised by geodesic motion just like baryons and light after having proposed a general parametrisation for deviations from eulers equation we perform fishermatrix forecasts for future surveys like desi and the ska and show that such deviations can be constrained with a precision of order 10 deviations from eulers equation cannot be tested directly with standard methods like redshiftspace distortions and gravitational lensing since these observables are not sensitive to the time component of the metric our analysis shows therefore that relativistic effects bring new and complementary constraints to alternative theories of gravity
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1,803.02772
A Lebesgue-type decomposition for non-positive sesquilinear forms
A Lebesgue-type decomposition of a (non necessarily non-negative) sesquilinear form with respect to a non-negative one is studied. This decomposition consists of a sum of three parts: two are dominated by an absolutely continuous form and a singular non-negative one, respectively, and the latter is majorized by the product of an absolutely continuous and a singular non-negative forms. The Lebesgue decomposition of a complex measure is given as application.
math.FA
a lebesguetype decomposition of a non necessarily nonnegative sesquilinear form with respect to a nonnegative one is studied this decomposition consists of a sum of three parts two are dominated by an absolutely continuous form and a singular nonnegative one respectively and the latter is majorized by the product of an absolutely continuous and a singular nonnegative forms the lebesgue decomposition of a complex measure is given as application
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1,803.02773
Nonlinear Dynamics of Relativistically Intense Cylindrical and Spherical Plasma Waves
Spatio-temporal evolution and breaking of relativistically intense cylindrical and spherical space charge oscillations in a homogeneous cold plasma is studied analytically and numerically using Dawson Sheet Model [J.M. Dawson, Phys. Rev.113, 383(1959)]. It is found that cylindrical and spherical space charge oscillations break via the process of phase mixing at an arbitrarily small amplitude due to anharmonicity introduced by geometry and relativistic mass variation effects. A general expression for phase mixing time (wave breaking time) has been derived and it is shown that for both cases, it scales inversely with the cube of the initial wave amplitude. Finally this analytically obtained scaling is verified by using a numerical code based on Dawson Sheet Model.
physics.plasm-ph
spatiotemporal evolution and breaking of relativistically intense cylindrical and spherical space charge oscillations in a homogeneous cold plasma is studied analytically and numerically using dawson sheet model jm dawson phys rev113 3831959 it is found that cylindrical and spherical space charge oscillations break via the process of phase mixing at an arbitrarily small amplitude due to anharmonicity introduced by geometry and relativistic mass variation effects a general expression for phase mixing time wave breaking time has been derived and it is shown that for both cases it scales inversely with the cube of the initial wave amplitude finally this analytically obtained scaling is verified by using a numerical code based on dawson sheet model
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1,803.02774
Kaehler-Einstein Fano threefolds of degree 22
We study the problem of existence of K\"ahler--Einstein metrics on smooth Fano threefolds of Picard rank one and anticanonical degree $22$ that admit a faithful action of the multiplicative group $\mathbb{C}^\ast$. We prove that, except possibly two explicitly described cases, all such smooth Fano threefolds are K\"ahler--Einstein.
math.AG math.DG
we study the problem of existence of kahlereinstein metrics on smooth fano threefolds of picard rank one and anticanonical degree 22 that admit a faithful action of the multiplicative group mathbbcast we prove that except possibly two explicitly described cases all such smooth fano threefolds are kahlereinstein
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1,803.02775
Dualities in the $q$-Askey scheme and degenerate DAHA
The Askey-Wilson polynomials are a four-parameter family of orthogonal symmetric Laurent polynomials $R_n[z]$ which are eigenfunctions of a second-order $q$-difference operator $L$, and of a second-order difference operator in the variable $n$ with eigenvalue $z +z^{-1}=2x$. Then $L$ and multiplication by $z+z^{-1}$ generate the Askey-Wilson (Zhedanov) algebra. A nice property of the Askey-Wilson polynomials is that the variables $z$ and $n$ occur in the explicit expression in a similar and to some extent exchangeable way. This property is called duality. It returns in the non-symmetric case and in the underlying algebraic structures: the Askey-Wilson algebra and the double affine Hecke algebra (DAHA). In this paper we follow the degeneration of the Askey-Wilson polynomials until two arrows down and in four different situations: for the orthogonal polynomials themselves, for the degenerate Askey-Wilson algebras, for the non-symmetric polynomials and for the (degenerate) DAHA and its representations.
math.CA math.QA nlin.SI
the askeywilson polynomials are a fourparameter family of orthogonal symmetric laurent polynomials r_nz which are eigenfunctions of a secondorder qdifference operator l and of a secondorder difference operator in the variable n with eigenvalue z z12x then l and multiplication by zz1 generate the askeywilson zhedanov algebra a nice property of the askeywilson polynomials is that the variables z and n occur in the explicit expression in a similar and to some extent exchangeable way this property is called duality it returns in the nonsymmetric case and in the underlying algebraic structures the askeywilson algebra and the double affine hecke algebra daha in this paper we follow the degeneration of the askeywilson polynomials until two arrows down and in four different situations for the orthogonal polynomials themselves for the degenerate askeywilson algebras for the nonsymmetric polynomials and for the degenerate daha and its representations
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1,803.02776
On the Verification of Logically Decorated Graph Transformations
We address the problem of reasoning on graph transformations featuring actions such as \emph{addition} and \emph{deletion} of nodes and edges, node \emph{merging} and \emph{cloning}, node or edge \emph{labelling} and edge \emph{redirection}. First, we introduce the considered graph rewrite systems which are parameterized by a given logic $\mathcal{L}$. Formulas of $\mathcal{L}$ are used to label graph nodes and edges. In a second step, we tackle the problem of formal verification of the considered rewrite systems by using a Hoare-like weakest precondition calculus. It acts on triples of the form $\{\texttt{Pre}\}(\texttt{R},\texttt{strategy}) \{\texttt{Post}\}$ where \texttt{Pre} and \texttt{Post} are conditions specified in the given logic $\mathcal{L}$, \texttt{R} is a graph rewrite system and \texttt{strategy} is an expression stating how rules in \texttt{R} are to be performed. We prove that the calculus we introduce is sound. Moreover, we show how the proposed framework can be instantiated successfully with different logics. We investigate first-order logic and several of its decidable fragments with a particular focus on different dialects of description logic (DL). We also show, by using bisimulation relations, that some DL fragments cannot be used due to their lack of expressive power.
cs.LO
we address the problem of reasoning on graph transformations featuring actions such as emphaddition and emphdeletion of nodes and edges node emphmerging and emphcloning node or edge emphlabelling and edge emphredirection first we introduce the considered graph rewrite systems which are parameterized by a given logic mathcall formulas of mathcall are used to label graph nodes and edges in a second step we tackle the problem of formal verification of the considered rewrite systems by using a hoarelike weakest precondition calculus it acts on triples of the form textttpretextttrtextttstrategy textttpost where textttpre and textttpost are conditions specified in the given logic mathcall textttr is a graph rewrite system and textttstrategy is an expression stating how rules in textttr are to be performed we prove that the calculus we introduce is sound moreover we show how the proposed framework can be instantiated successfully with different logics we investigate firstorder logic and several of its decidable fragments with a particular focus on different dialects of description logic dl we also show by using bisimulation relations that some dl fragments cannot be used due to their lack of expressive power
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1,803.02777
Mapping the sensitivity of hadronic experiments to nucleon structure
Determinations of the proton's collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs) are emerging with growing precision due to increased experimental activity at facilities like the Large Hadron Collider. While this copious information is valuable, the speed at which it is released makes it difficult to quickly assess its impact on the PDFs, short of performing computationally expensive global fits. As an alternative, we explore new methods for quantifying the potential impact of experimental data on the extraction of proton PDFs. Our approach relies crucially on the Hessian correlation between theory-data residuals and the PDFs themselves, as well as on a newly defined quantity --- the sensitivity --- which represents an extension of the correlation and reflects both PDF-driven and experimental uncertainties. This approach is realized in a new, publicly available analysis package PDFSense, which operates with these statistical measures to identify particularly sensitive experiments, weigh their relative or potential impact on PDFs, and visualize their detailed distributions in a space of the parton momentum fraction $x$ and factorization scale $\mu$. This tool offers a new means of understanding the influence of individual measurements in existing fits, as well as a predictive device for directing future fits toward the highest impact data and assumptions. Along the way, many new physics insights can be gained or reinforced. As one of many examples, PDFSense is employed to rank the projected impact of new LHC measurements in jet, vector boson, and $t\bar{t}$ production and leads us to the conclusion that inclusive jet production at the LHC has a potential for playing an indispensable role in future PDF fits. These conclusions are independently verified by preliminarily fitting this experimental information and investigating the constraints they supply using the Lagrange multiplier technique.
hep-ph hep-ex nucl-th
determinations of the protons collinear parton distribution functions pdfs are emerging with growing precision due to increased experimental activity at facilities like the large hadron collider while this copious information is valuable the speed at which it is released makes it difficult to quickly assess its impact on the pdfs short of performing computationally expensive global fits as an alternative we explore new methods for quantifying the potential impact of experimental data on the extraction of proton pdfs our approach relies crucially on the hessian correlation between theorydata residuals and the pdfs themselves as well as on a newly defined quantity the sensitivity which represents an extension of the correlation and reflects both pdfdriven and experimental uncertainties this approach is realized in a new publicly available analysis package pdfsense which operates with these statistical measures to identify particularly sensitive experiments weigh their relative or potential impact on pdfs and visualize their detailed distributions in a space of the parton momentum fraction x and factorization scale mu this tool offers a new means of understanding the influence of individual measurements in existing fits as well as a predictive device for directing future fits toward the highest impact data and assumptions along the way many new physics insights can be gained or reinforced as one of many examples pdfsense is employed to rank the projected impact of new lhc measurements in jet vector boson and tbart production and leads us to the conclusion that inclusive jet production at the lhc has a potential for playing an indispensable role in future pdf fits these conclusions are independently verified by preliminarily fitting this experimental information and investigating the constraints they supply using the lagrange multiplier technique
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1,803.02778
The Stellar Populations of HII galaxies: A tale of three bursts
We present a UV to mid-IR spectral energy distribution study of a large sample of SDSS DR13 HII galaxies. These are selected as starburst (EW(H$\alpha) > 50$\AA) and for their high excitation locus in the upper-left region of the BPT diagram. Their photometry was derived from the cross-matched GALEX, SDSS, UKDISS and WISE catalogues. We have used CIGALE modelling and SED fitting routine with the parametrization of a three burst star formation history, and a comprehensive analysis of all other model parameters. We have been able to estimate the contribution of the underlying old stellar population to the observed equivalent width of H$\beta$ and allow for more accurate burst age determination. We found that the star formation histories of HII Galaxies can be reproduced remarkably well by three major eras of star formation. In addition, the SED fitting results indicate that: i) in all cases the current burst produces less than a few percent of the total stellar mass: the bulk of stellar mass in HII galaxies have been produced by the past episodes of star formation; ii) at a given age the H$\beta$ luminosity depends only on the mass of young stars favouring a universal IMF for massive stars; iii) the current star formation episodes are {\it maximal} starbursts, producing stars at the highest possible rate.
astro-ph.GA
we present a uv to midir spectral energy distribution study of a large sample of sdss dr13 hii galaxies these are selected as starburst ewhalpha 50aa and for their high excitation locus in the upperleft region of the bpt diagram their photometry was derived from the crossmatched galex sdss ukdiss and wise catalogues we have used cigale modelling and sed fitting routine with the parametrization of a three burst star formation history and a comprehensive analysis of all other model parameters we have been able to estimate the contribution of the underlying old stellar population to the observed equivalent width of hbeta and allow for more accurate burst age determination we found that the star formation histories of hii galaxies can be reproduced remarkably well by three major eras of star formation in addition the sed fitting results indicate that i in all cases the current burst produces less than a few percent of the total stellar mass the bulk of stellar mass in hii galaxies have been produced by the past episodes of star formation ii at a given age the hbeta luminosity depends only on the mass of young stars favouring a universal imf for massive stars iii the current star formation episodes are it maximal starbursts producing stars at the highest possible rate
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1,803.02779
Fluctuations of gravitational waves in Eddington inspired Born-Infeld theory
In this paper we review the EiBI gravity in the presence of a cosmological constant and its tensor perturbations analysis. We show the existence of gravitational waves in the past-time, seeing as a result the smooth transition between high-energy densities (where the EBI dynamics plays its role) and low-energy densities (GR). We obtain the fluctuation spectrum for the graviton in this theory, where for small values of k the fluctuations are strongly suppressed and for large values of k these fluctuations vanish during the De Sitter expansion.
gr-qc
in this paper we review the eibi gravity in the presence of a cosmological constant and its tensor perturbations analysis we show the existence of gravitational waves in the pasttime seeing as a result the smooth transition between highenergy densities where the ebi dynamics plays its role and lowenergy densities gr we obtain the fluctuation spectrum for the graviton in this theory where for small values of k the fluctuations are strongly suppressed and for large values of k these fluctuations vanish during the de sitter expansion
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1,803.0278
Transfer Learning with Neural AutoML
We reduce the computational cost of Neural AutoML with transfer learning. AutoML relieves human effort by automating the design of ML algorithms. Neural AutoML has become popular for the design of deep learning architectures, however, this method has a high computation cost. To address this we propose Transfer Neural AutoML that uses knowledge from prior tasks to speed up network design. We extend RL-based architecture search methods to support parallel training on multiple tasks and then transfer the search strategy to new tasks. On language and image classification tasks, Transfer Neural AutoML reduces convergence time over single-task training by over an order of magnitude on many tasks.
cs.LG stat.ML
we reduce the computational cost of neural automl with transfer learning automl relieves human effort by automating the design of ml algorithms neural automl has become popular for the design of deep learning architectures however this method has a high computation cost to address this we propose transfer neural automl that uses knowledge from prior tasks to speed up network design we extend rlbased architecture search methods to support parallel training on multiple tasks and then transfer the search strategy to new tasks on language and image classification tasks transfer neural automl reduces convergence time over singletask training by over an order of magnitude on many tasks
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1,803.02781
Fast Dawid-Skene: A Fast Vote Aggregation Scheme for Sentiment Classification
Many real world problems can now be effectively solved using supervised machine learning. A major roadblock is often the lack of an adequate quantity of labeled data for training. A possible solution is to assign the task of labeling data to a crowd, and then infer the true label using aggregation methods. A well-known approach for aggregation is the Dawid-Skene (DS) algorithm, which is based on the principle of Expectation-Maximization (EM). We propose a new simple, yet effective, EM-based algorithm, which can be interpreted as a `hard' version of DS, that allows much faster convergence while maintaining similar accuracy in aggregation. We show the use of this algorithm as a quick and effective technique for online, real-time sentiment annotation. We also prove that our algorithm converges to the estimated labels at a linear rate. Our experiments on standard datasets show a significant speedup in time taken for aggregation - upto $\sim$8x over Dawid-Skene and $\sim$6x over other fast EM methods, at competitive accuracy performance. The code for the implementation of the algorithms can be found at https://github.com/GoodDeeds/Fast-Dawid-Skene
stat.ML cs.LG
many real world problems can now be effectively solved using supervised machine learning a major roadblock is often the lack of an adequate quantity of labeled data for training a possible solution is to assign the task of labeling data to a crowd and then infer the true label using aggregation methods a wellknown approach for aggregation is the dawidskene ds algorithm which is based on the principle of expectationmaximization em we propose a new simple yet effective embased algorithm which can be interpreted as a hard version of ds that allows much faster convergence while maintaining similar accuracy in aggregation we show the use of this algorithm as a quick and effective technique for online realtime sentiment annotation we also prove that our algorithm converges to the estimated labels at a linear rate our experiments on standard datasets show a significant speedup in time taken for aggregation upto sim8x over dawidskene and sim6x over other fast em methods at competitive accuracy performance the code for the implementation of the algorithms can be found at httpsgithubcomgooddeedsfastdawidskene
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1,803.02782
A bag-to-class divergence approach to multiple-instance learning
In multi-instance (MI) learning, each object (bag) consists of multiple feature vectors (instances), and is most commonly regarded as a set of points in a multidimensional space. A different viewpoint is that the instances are realisations of random vectors with corresponding probability distribution, and that a bag is the distribution, not the realisations. In MI classification, each bag in the training set has a class label, but the instances are unlabelled. By introducing the probability distribution space to bag-level classification problems, dissimilarities between probability distributions (divergences) can be applied. The bag-to-bag Kullback-Leibler information is asymptotically the best classifier, but the typical sparseness of MI training sets is an obstacle. We introduce bag-to-class divergence to MI learning, emphasising the hierarchical nature of the random vectors that makes bags from the same class different. We propose two properties for bag-to-class divergences, and an additional property for sparse training sets.
stat.ML cs.LG
in multiinstance mi learning each object bag consists of multiple feature vectors instances and is most commonly regarded as a set of points in a multidimensional space a different viewpoint is that the instances are realisations of random vectors with corresponding probability distribution and that a bag is the distribution not the realisations in mi classification each bag in the training set has a class label but the instances are unlabelled by introducing the probability distribution space to baglevel classification problems dissimilarities between probability distributions divergences can be applied the bagtobag kullbackleibler information is asymptotically the best classifier but the typical sparseness of mi training sets is an obstacle we introduce bagtoclass divergence to mi learning emphasising the hierarchical nature of the random vectors that makes bags from the same class different we propose two properties for bagtoclass divergences and an additional property for sparse training sets
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1,803.02783
Translating solitons of the mean curvature flow in the space $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}$
In this paper we study the theory of self translating solitons of the mean curvature flow of immersed surfaces in the product space $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}$. We relate this theory to the one of manifolds with density, and exploit this relation by regarding these translating solitons as minimal surfaces in a conformal metric space. Explicit examples of these surfaces are constructed, and we study the asymptotic behaviour of the existing rotationally symmetric examples. Finally, we prove some uniqueness and non-existence theorems.
math.DG
in this paper we study the theory of self translating solitons of the mean curvature flow of immersed surfaces in the product space mathbbh2timesmathbbr we relate this theory to the one of manifolds with density and exploit this relation by regarding these translating solitons as minimal surfaces in a conformal metric space explicit examples of these surfaces are constructed and we study the asymptotic behaviour of the existing rotationally symmetric examples finally we prove some uniqueness and nonexistence theorems
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1,803.02784
Fast and Accurate Semantic Mapping through Geometric-based Incremental Segmentation
We propose an efficient and scalable method for incrementally building a dense, semantically annotated 3D map in real-time. The proposed method assigns class probabilities to each region, not each element (e.g., surfel and voxel), of the 3D map which is built up through a robust SLAM framework and incrementally segmented with a geometric-based segmentation method. Differently from all other approaches, our method has a capability of running at over 30Hz while performing all processing components, including SLAM, segmentation, 2D recognition, and updating class probabilities of each segmentation label at every incoming frame, thanks to the high efficiency that characterizes the computationally intensive stages of our framework. By utilizing a specifically designed CNN to improve the frame-wise segmentation result, we can also achieve high accuracy. We validate our method on the NYUv2 dataset by comparing with the state of the art in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, and by means of an analysis in terms of time and space complexity.
cs.CV cs.RO
we propose an efficient and scalable method for incrementally building a dense semantically annotated 3d map in realtime the proposed method assigns class probabilities to each region not each element eg surfel and voxel of the 3d map which is built up through a robust slam framework and incrementally segmented with a geometricbased segmentation method differently from all other approaches our method has a capability of running at over 30hz while performing all processing components including slam segmentation 2d recognition and updating class probabilities of each segmentation label at every incoming frame thanks to the high efficiency that characterizes the computationally intensive stages of our framework by utilizing a specifically designed cnn to improve the framewise segmentation result we can also achieve high accuracy we validate our method on the nyuv2 dataset by comparing with the state of the art in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency and by means of an analysis in terms of time and space complexity
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1,803.02785
Detection of Dust Condensations in the Orion Bar Photon-dominated Region
We report Submillimeter Array dust continuum and molecular spectral line observations toward the Orion Bar photon-dominated region (PDR). The 1.2 mm continuum map reveals, for the first time, a total of 9 compact (r < 0.01pc) dust condensations located within a distance of ~0.03 pc from the dissociation front of the PDR. Part of the dust condensations are seen in spectral line emissions of CS (5-4) and H$_2$CS ($7_{1,7}$-$6_{1,6}$), though the CS map also reveals dense gas further away from the dissociation front. We detect compact emissions in H$_2$CS ($6_{0,6}$-$5_{0,5}$), ($6_{2,4}$-$5_{2,3}$) and C$^{34}$S, C$^{33}$S (4-3) toward bright dust condensations. The line ratio of H$_2$CS ($6_{0,6}$-$5_{0,5}$)/($6_{2,4}$-$5_{2,3}$) suggests a temperature of $73\pm58$ K. A non-thermal velocity dispersion of ~0.25 - 0.50 km s$^{-1}$ is derived from the high spectral resolution C$^{34}$S data, and indicates a subsonic to transonic turbulence in the condensations. The masses of the condensations are estimated from the dust emission, and range from 0.03 to 0.3 $M_{\odot}$, all significantly lower than any critical mass that is required for self-gravity to play a crucial role. Thus the condensations are not gravitationally bound, and could not collapse to form stars. In cooperating with recent high resolution observations of the surface layers of the molecular cloud in the Bar, we speculate that the condensations are produced as a high-pressure wave induced by the expansion of the HII region compresses and enters the cloud. A velocity gradient along a direction perpendicular to the major axis of the Bar is seen in H$_2$CS ($7_{1,7}$-$6_{1,6}$), and is consistent with the scenario that the molecular gas behind the dissociation front is being compressed.
astro-ph.SR astro-ph.GA
we report submillimeter array dust continuum and molecular spectral line observations toward the orion bar photondominated region pdr the 12 mm continuum map reveals for the first time a total of 9 compact r 001pc dust condensations located within a distance of 003 pc from the dissociation front of the pdr part of the dust condensations are seen in spectral line emissions of cs 54 and h_2cs 7_176_16 though the cs map also reveals dense gas further away from the dissociation front we detect compact emissions in h_2cs 6_065_05 6_245_23 and c34s c33s 43 toward bright dust condensations the line ratio of h_2cs 6_065_056_245_23 suggests a temperature of 73pm58 k a nonthermal velocity dispersion of 025 050 km s1 is derived from the high spectral resolution c34s data and indicates a subsonic to transonic turbulence in the condensations the masses of the condensations are estimated from the dust emission and range from 003 to 03 m_odot all significantly lower than any critical mass that is required for selfgravity to play a crucial role thus the condensations are not gravitationally bound and could not collapse to form stars in cooperating with recent high resolution observations of the surface layers of the molecular cloud in the bar we speculate that the condensations are produced as a highpressure wave induced by the expansion of the hii region compresses and enters the cloud a velocity gradient along a direction perpendicular to the major axis of the bar is seen in h_2cs 7_176_16 and is consistent with the scenario that the molecular gas behind the dissociation front is being compressed
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1,803.02786
A Deep Learning Algorithm for One-step Contour Aware Nuclei Segmentation of Histopathological Images
This paper addresses the task of nuclei segmentation in high-resolution histopathological images. We propose an auto- matic end-to-end deep neural network algorithm for segmenta- tion of individual nuclei. A nucleus-boundary model is introduced to predict nuclei and their boundaries simultaneously using a fully convolutional neural network. Given a color normalized image, the model directly outputs an estimated nuclei map and a boundary map. A simple, fast and parameter-free post-processing procedure is performed on the estimated nuclei map to produce the final segmented nuclei. An overlapped patch extraction and assembling method is also designed for seamless prediction of nuclei in large whole-slide images. We also show the effectiveness of data augmentation methods for nuclei segmentation task. Our experiments showed our method outperforms prior state-of-the- art methods. Moreover, it is efficient that one 1000X1000 image can be segmented in less than 5 seconds. This makes it possible to precisely segment the whole-slide image in acceptable time
cs.CV
this paper addresses the task of nuclei segmentation in highresolution histopathological images we propose an auto matic endtoend deep neural network algorithm for segmenta tion of individual nuclei a nucleusboundary model is introduced to predict nuclei and their boundaries simultaneously using a fully convolutional neural network given a color normalized image the model directly outputs an estimated nuclei map and a boundary map a simple fast and parameterfree postprocessing procedure is performed on the estimated nuclei map to produce the final segmented nuclei an overlapped patch extraction and assembling method is also designed for seamless prediction of nuclei in large wholeslide images we also show the effectiveness of data augmentation methods for nuclei segmentation task our experiments showed our method outperforms prior stateofthe art methods moreover it is efficient that one 1000x1000 image can be segmented in less than 5 seconds this makes it possible to precisely segment the wholeslide image in acceptable time
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1,803.02787
Monolayer MoS$_2$ Strained to 1.3\% with a Microelectromechanical System
We report on a modified transfer technique for atomically thin materials integrated onto microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for studying strain physics and creating strain-based devices. Our method tolerates the non-planar structures and fragility of MEMS, while still providing precise positioning and crack free transfer of flakes. Further, our method used the transfer polymer to anchor the 2D crystal to the MEMS, which reduces the fabrication time, increases the yield, and allowed us to exploit the strong mechanical coupling between 2D crystal and polymer to strain the atomically thin system. We successfully strained single atomic layers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) with MEMS devices for the first time and achieved greater than 1.3\% strain, marking a major milestone for incorporating 2D materials with MEMS We used the established strain response of MoS$_2$ Raman and Photoluminescence spectra to deduce the strain in our crystals and provide a consistency check. We found good comparison between our experiment and literature.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
we report on a modified transfer technique for atomically thin materials integrated onto microelectromechanical systems mems for studying strain physics and creating strainbased devices our method tolerates the nonplanar structures and fragility of mems while still providing precise positioning and crack free transfer of flakes further our method used the transfer polymer to anchor the 2d crystal to the mems which reduces the fabrication time increases the yield and allowed us to exploit the strong mechanical coupling between 2d crystal and polymer to strain the atomically thin system we successfully strained single atomic layers of molybdenum disulfide mos_2 with mems devices for the first time and achieved greater than 13 strain marking a major milestone for incorporating 2d materials with mems we used the established strain response of mos_2 raman and photoluminescence spectra to deduce the strain in our crystals and provide a consistency check we found good comparison between our experiment and literature
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1,803.02788
Loynes construction for the extended bipartite matching
We propose an explicit construction of the stationary state of Extended Bipartite Matching (EBM) models, as defined in (Busic et. al., 2013). We use a Loynes-type backwards scheme similar in flavor to that in (Moyal et al., 2017), allowing to show the existence and uniqueness of a bi-infinite perfect matching under various conditions, for a large class of matching policies and of bipartite matching structures. The key algebraic element of our construction is the sub-additivity of a suitable stochastic recursive representation of the model, satisfied under most usual matching policies. By doing so, we also derive stability conditions for the system under general stationary ergodic assumptions, subsuming the classical markovian settings.
math.PR
we propose an explicit construction of the stationary state of extended bipartite matching ebm models as defined in busic et al 2013 we use a loynestype backwards scheme similar in flavor to that in moyal et al 2017 allowing to show the existence and uniqueness of a biinfinite perfect matching under various conditions for a large class of matching policies and of bipartite matching structures the key algebraic element of our construction is the subadditivity of a suitable stochastic recursive representation of the model satisfied under most usual matching policies by doing so we also derive stability conditions for the system under general stationary ergodic assumptions subsuming the classical markovian settings
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1,803.02789
Back to the Future: The Case for Reversible Computing
There is one, and only one way, consistent with fundamental physics, that the efficiency of general digital computation can continue increasing indefinitely, and that is to apply the principles of reversible computing. We need to begin intensive development work on this technology soon if we want to maintain advances in computing and the attendant economic growth. NOTE: This paper is an extended author's preprint of the feature article titled "Throwing Computing Into Reverse" (print) or "The Future of Computing Depends on Making it Reversible" (online), published by IEEE Spectrum in Aug.-Sep. 2017. This preprint is based on the original draft manuscript that the author submitted to Spectrum, prior to IEEE edits and feedback from external readers.
cs.ET
there is one and only one way consistent with fundamental physics that the efficiency of general digital computation can continue increasing indefinitely and that is to apply the principles of reversible computing we need to begin intensive development work on this technology soon if we want to maintain advances in computing and the attendant economic growth note this paper is an extended authors preprint of the feature article titled throwing computing into reverse print or the future of computing depends on making it reversible online published by ieee spectrum in augsep 2017 this preprint is based on the original draft manuscript that the author submitted to spectrum prior to ieee edits and feedback from external readers
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1,803.0279
Photonic quantum information processing: a review
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
quant-ph
photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications ranging from longdistance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena indeed the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach furthermore recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing the goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field with a due balance between theoretical experimental and technological results when more convenient we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information
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1,803.02791
Facebook (A)Live? Are live social broadcasts really broadcasts?
The era of live-broadcast is back but with two major changes. First, unlike traditional TV broadcasts, content is now streamed over the Internet enabling it to reach a wider audience. Second, due to various user-generated content platforms it has become possible for anyone to get involved, streaming their own content to the world. This emerging trend of going live usually happens via social platforms, where users perform live social broadcasts predominantly from their mobile devices, allowing their friends (and the general public) to engage with the stream in real-time. With the growing popularity of such platforms, the burden on the current Internet infrastructure is therefore expected to multiply. With this in mind, we explore one such prominent platform - Facebook Live. We gather 3TB of data, representing one month of global activity and explore the characteristics of live social broadcast. From this, we derive simple yet effective principles which can decrease the network burden. We then dissect global and hyper-local properties of the video while on-air, by capturing the geography of the broadcasters or the users who produce the video and the viewers or the users who interact with it. Finally, we study the social engagement while the video is live and distinguish the key aspects when the same video goes on-demand. A common theme throughout the paper is that, despite its name, many attributes of Facebook Live deviate from both the concepts of live and broadcast.
cs.SI cs.NI
the era of livebroadcast is back but with two major changes first unlike traditional tv broadcasts content is now streamed over the internet enabling it to reach a wider audience second due to various usergenerated content platforms it has become possible for anyone to get involved streaming their own content to the world this emerging trend of going live usually happens via social platforms where users perform live social broadcasts predominantly from their mobile devices allowing their friends and the general public to engage with the stream in realtime with the growing popularity of such platforms the burden on the current internet infrastructure is therefore expected to multiply with this in mind we explore one such prominent platform facebook live we gather 3tb of data representing one month of global activity and explore the characteristics of live social broadcast from this we derive simple yet effective principles which can decrease the network burden we then dissect global and hyperlocal properties of the video while onair by capturing the geography of the broadcasters or the users who produce the video and the viewers or the users who interact with it finally we study the social engagement while the video is live and distinguish the key aspects when the same video goes ondemand a common theme throughout the paper is that despite its name many attributes of facebook live deviate from both the concepts of live and broadcast
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1,803.02792
Lozenge tilings of hexagons with central holes and dents
Ciucu showed that the number of lozenge tilings of a hexagon in which a chain of equilateral triangles of alternating orientations, called a `\emph{fern}', has been removed in the center is given by a simple product formula (Adv. Math. 2017). In this paper, we present a multi-parameter generalization of this work by giving an explicit tiling enumeration for a hexagon with three ferns removed, besides the middle fern located in the center as in Ciucu's region, we remove two additional ferns from two sides of the hexagon. Our result also implies a counterpart of MacMahon's classical formula of boxed plane partitions, corresponding the \emph{exterior} of the union of three disjoint concave polygons obtained by turning 120 degrees after drawing each side.
math.CO
ciucu showed that the number of lozenge tilings of a hexagon in which a chain of equilateral triangles of alternating orientations called a emphfern has been removed in the center is given by a simple product formula adv math 2017 in this paper we present a multiparameter generalization of this work by giving an explicit tiling enumeration for a hexagon with three ferns removed besides the middle fern located in the center as in ciucus region we remove two additional ferns from two sides of the hexagon our result also implies a counterpart of macmahons classical formula of boxed plane partitions corresponding the emphexterior of the union of three disjoint concave polygons obtained by turning 120 degrees after drawing each side
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1,803.02793
Topology Learning of Radial Dynamical Systems with Latent Nodes
In this article, we present a method to reconstruct the topology of a partially observed radial network of linear dynamical systems with bi-directional interactions. Our approach exploits the structure of the inverse power spectral density matrix and recovers edges involving nodes up to four hops away in the underlying topology. We then present an algorithm with provable guarantees, which eliminates the spurious links obtained and also identifies the location of the unobserved nodes in the inferred topology. The algorithm recovers the exact topology of the network by using only time-series of the states at the observed nodes. The effectiveness of the method developed is demonstrated by applying it on a typical distribution system of the electric grid.
cs.SY
in this article we present a method to reconstruct the topology of a partially observed radial network of linear dynamical systems with bidirectional interactions our approach exploits the structure of the inverse power spectral density matrix and recovers edges involving nodes up to four hops away in the underlying topology we then present an algorithm with provable guarantees which eliminates the spurious links obtained and also identifies the location of the unobserved nodes in the inferred topology the algorithm recovers the exact topology of the network by using only timeseries of the states at the observed nodes the effectiveness of the method developed is demonstrated by applying it on a typical distribution system of the electric grid
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1,803.02794
Demonstration of a novel method for measuring mass-loss rates for massive stars
The rate at which massive stars eject mass in stellar winds significantly influences their evolutionary path. Cosmic rates of nucleosynthesis, explosive stellar phenomena, and compact object genesis depend on this poorly known facet of stellar evolution. We employ an unexploited observational technique for measuring the mass-loss rates of O- and early-B stars. Our approach, which has no adjustable parameters, uses the principle of pressure equilibrium between the stellar wind and the ambient interstellar medium for a high-velocity star generating an infrared bowshock nebula. Results for twenty bowshock-generating stars show good agreement with two sets of theoretical predictions for O5--O9.5 main-sequence stars, yielding $\dot M=$1.3$\times$10$^{-6}$ to 2$\times$10$^{-9}$ solar masses per year. Although $\dot M$ values derived for this sample are smaller than theoretical expectations by a factor of about two, this discrepancy is greatly reduced compared to canonical mass-loss methods. Bowshock-derived mass-loss rates are factors of ten smaller than H$\alpha$-based measurements (uncorrected for clumping) for similar stellar types and are nearly an order of magnitude larger than P$^{4+}$ and some other UV absorption-line-based diagnostics. Ambient interstellar densities of at least several cm$^{-3}$ appear to be required for formation of a prominent infrared bowshock nebula. $\dot M$ measurements for early-B stars are not yet compelling owing to the small number in our sample and the lack of clear theoretical predictions in the regime of lower stellar luminosities. These results may constitute a partial resolution of the extant "weak-wind problem" for late-O stars. The technique shows promise for determining mass-loss rates in the weak-wind regime.
astro-ph.SR
the rate at which massive stars eject mass in stellar winds significantly influences their evolutionary path cosmic rates of nucleosynthesis explosive stellar phenomena and compact object genesis depend on this poorly known facet of stellar evolution we employ an unexploited observational technique for measuring the massloss rates of o and earlyb stars our approach which has no adjustable parameters uses the principle of pressure equilibrium between the stellar wind and the ambient interstellar medium for a highvelocity star generating an infrared bowshock nebula results for twenty bowshockgenerating stars show good agreement with two sets of theoretical predictions for o5o95 mainsequence stars yielding dot m13times106 to 2times109 solar masses per year although dot m values derived for this sample are smaller than theoretical expectations by a factor of about two this discrepancy is greatly reduced compared to canonical massloss methods bowshockderived massloss rates are factors of ten smaller than halphabased measurements uncorrected for clumping for similar stellar types and are nearly an order of magnitude larger than p4 and some other uv absorptionlinebased diagnostics ambient interstellar densities of at least several cm3 appear to be required for formation of a prominent infrared bowshock nebula dot m measurements for earlyb stars are not yet compelling owing to the small number in our sample and the lack of clear theoretical predictions in the regime of lower stellar luminosities these results may constitute a partial resolution of the extant weakwind problem for lateo stars the technique shows promise for determining massloss rates in the weakwind regime
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1,803.02795
Complexity Growth Rate in Lovelock Gravity
Using the "Complexity = Action" framework we compute the late time growth of complexity for charged black holes in Lovelock gravity. Our calculation is facilitated by the fact that the null boundaries of the Wheeler-DeWitt patch do not contribute at late times and essential contributions coming from the joints are now understood arXiv:1803.00172. The late time growth rate reduces to a difference of internal energies associated with the inner and outer horizons, and in the limit where the mass is much larger than the charge, we reproduce the celebrated result of $2M/\pi$ with corrections proportional to the highest Lovelock coupling in even (boundary) dimensions. We find in some cases a minimum mass below which complexity remains effectively constant, even if the black hole contains a non-degenerate horizon.
hep-th gr-qc quant-ph
using the complexity action framework we compute the late time growth of complexity for charged black holes in lovelock gravity our calculation is facilitated by the fact that the null boundaries of the wheelerdewitt patch do not contribute at late times and essential contributions coming from the joints are now understood arxiv180300172 the late time growth rate reduces to a difference of internal energies associated with the inner and outer horizons and in the limit where the mass is much larger than the charge we reproduce the celebrated result of 2mpi with corrections proportional to the highest lovelock coupling in even boundary dimensions we find in some cases a minimum mass below which complexity remains effectively constant even if the black hole contains a nondegenerate horizon
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1,803.02796
Resource Polymorphism
We present a resource-management model for ML-style programming languages, designed to be compatible with the OCaml philosophy and runtime model. This is a proposal to extend the OCaml language with destructors, move semantics, and resource polymorphism, to improve its safety, efficiency, interoperability, and expressiveness. It builds on the ownership-and-borrowing models of systems programming languages (Cyclone, C++11, Rust) and on linear types in functional programming (Linear Lisp, Clean, Alms). It continues a synthesis of resources from systems programming and resources in linear logic initiated by Baker. It is a combination of many known and some new ideas. On the novel side, it highlights the good mathematical structure of Stroustrup's "Resource acquisition is initialisation" (RAII) idiom for resource management based on destructors, a notion sometimes confused with finalizers, and builds on it a notion of resource polymorphism, inspired by polarisation in proof theory, that mixes C++'s RAII and a tracing garbage collector (GC). The proposal targets a new spot in the design space, with an automatic and predictable resource-management model, at the same time based on lightweight and expressive language abstractions. It is backwards-compatible: current code is expected to run with the same performance, the new abstractions fully combine with the current ones, and it supports a resource-polymorphic extension of libraries. It does so with only a few additions to the runtime, and it integrates with the current GC implementation. It is also compatible with the upcoming multicore extension, and suggests that the Rust model for eliminating data-races applies. Interesting questions arise for a safe and practical type system, many of which have already been thoroughly investigated in the languages and prototypes Cyclone, Rust, and Alms.
cs.PL cs.LO
we present a resourcemanagement model for mlstyle programming languages designed to be compatible with the ocaml philosophy and runtime model this is a proposal to extend the ocaml language with destructors move semantics and resource polymorphism to improve its safety efficiency interoperability and expressiveness it builds on the ownershipandborrowing models of systems programming languages cyclone c11 rust and on linear types in functional programming linear lisp clean alms it continues a synthesis of resources from systems programming and resources in linear logic initiated by baker it is a combination of many known and some new ideas on the novel side it highlights the good mathematical structure of stroustrups resource acquisition is initialisation raii idiom for resource management based on destructors a notion sometimes confused with finalizers and builds on it a notion of resource polymorphism inspired by polarisation in proof theory that mixes cs raii and a tracing garbage collector gc the proposal targets a new spot in the design space with an automatic and predictable resourcemanagement model at the same time based on lightweight and expressive language abstractions it is backwardscompatible current code is expected to run with the same performance the new abstractions fully combine with the current ones and it supports a resourcepolymorphic extension of libraries it does so with only a few additions to the runtime and it integrates with the current gc implementation it is also compatible with the upcoming multicore extension and suggests that the rust model for eliminating dataraces applies interesting questions arise for a safe and practical type system many of which have already been thoroughly investigated in the languages and prototypes cyclone rust and alms
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1,803.02797
Non-equilibrium scaling behaviour in driven soft biological assemblies
Measuring and quantifying non-equilibrium dynamics in active biological systems is a major challenge, because of their intrinsic stochastic nature and the limited number of variables accessible in any real experiment. We investigate what non-equilibrium information can be extracted from non-invasive measurements using a stochastic model of soft elastic networks with a heterogeneous distribution of activities, representing enzymatic force generation. In particular, we use this model to study how the non-equilibrium activity, detected by tracking two probes in the network, scales as a function of the distance between the probes. We quantify the non-equilibrium dynamics through the cycling frequencies, a simple measure of circulating currents in the phase space of the probes. We find that these cycling frequencies exhibit power-law scaling behavior with the distance between probes. In addition, we show that this scaling behavior governs the entropy production rate that can be recovered from the two traced probes. Our results provide insight in to how internal enzymatic driving generates non-equilibrium dynamics on different scales in soft biological assemblies.
physics.bio-ph cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech
measuring and quantifying nonequilibrium dynamics in active biological systems is a major challenge because of their intrinsic stochastic nature and the limited number of variables accessible in any real experiment we investigate what nonequilibrium information can be extracted from noninvasive measurements using a stochastic model of soft elastic networks with a heterogeneous distribution of activities representing enzymatic force generation in particular we use this model to study how the nonequilibrium activity detected by tracking two probes in the network scales as a function of the distance between the probes we quantify the nonequilibrium dynamics through the cycling frequencies a simple measure of circulating currents in the phase space of the probes we find that these cycling frequencies exhibit powerlaw scaling behavior with the distance between probes in addition we show that this scaling behavior governs the entropy production rate that can be recovered from the two traced probes our results provide insight in to how internal enzymatic driving generates nonequilibrium dynamics on different scales in soft biological assemblies
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1,803.02798
Optimal Threshold-Based Control Policies for Persistent Monitoring on Graphs
We consider the optimal multi-agent persistent monitoring problem defined by a team of cooperating agents visiting a set of nodes (targets) on a graph with the objective of minimizing a measure of overall node state uncertainty. The solution to this problem involves agent trajectories defined both by the sequence of nodes to be visited by each agent and the amount of time spent at each node. Since such optimal trajectories are generally intractable, we propose a class of distributed threshold-based parametric controllers through which agent transitions from one node to the next are controlled by threshold parameters on the node uncertainty states. The resulting behavior of the agent-target system can be described by a hybrid dynamic system. This enables the use of Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) to determine on line (locally) optimal threshold parameters through gradient descent methods and thus obtain optimal controllers within this family of threshold-based policies. We further show that in a single-agent case the IPA gradient is monotonic, which implies a simple structure whereby an agent visiting a node should reduce the uncertainty state to zero before moving to the next node. Simulation examples are included to illustrate our results and compare them to optimal solutions derived through dynamic programming when this is possible.
math.OC
we consider the optimal multiagent persistent monitoring problem defined by a team of cooperating agents visiting a set of nodes targets on a graph with the objective of minimizing a measure of overall node state uncertainty the solution to this problem involves agent trajectories defined both by the sequence of nodes to be visited by each agent and the amount of time spent at each node since such optimal trajectories are generally intractable we propose a class of distributed thresholdbased parametric controllers through which agent transitions from one node to the next are controlled by threshold parameters on the node uncertainty states the resulting behavior of the agenttarget system can be described by a hybrid dynamic system this enables the use of infinitesimal perturbation analysis ipa to determine on line locally optimal threshold parameters through gradient descent methods and thus obtain optimal controllers within this family of thresholdbased policies we further show that in a singleagent case the ipa gradient is monotonic which implies a simple structure whereby an agent visiting a node should reduce the uncertainty state to zero before moving to the next node simulation examples are included to illustrate our results and compare them to optimal solutions derived through dynamic programming when this is possible
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1,803.02799
Projective Hessian and Sasakian manifolds
The Hessian geometry is the real analogue of the K\"ahler one. Sasakian geometry is an odd-dimensional counterpart of the K\"ahler geometry. In the paper, we study the connection between projective Hessian and Sasakian manifolds analogous to the one between Hessian and K\"ahler manifolds. In particular, we construct a Sasakian structure on $TM\times \mathbb{R}$ from a projective Hessian structure on $M$. Especially, we are interested in the case of invariant structure on Lie groups. We define semi-Sasakian Lie groups as a generalization of Sasakian Lie groups. Then we construct a semi-Sasakian structure on a group $G\ltimes \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ for a projective Hessian Lie group $G$. Further, we describe examples of homogeneous Hessian Lie groups and corresponding semi-Sasakian Lie groups. The big class of projective Hessian Lie groups can be constructed by homogeneous regular domains in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The groups $\text{SO}(2)$ and $\text{SU}(2)$ belong to another kind of examples. Using them, we construct semi-Sasakian structures on the group of the Euclidean motions of the real plane and the group of isometries of the complex plane.
math.DG
the hessian geometry is the real analogue of the kahler one sasakian geometry is an odddimensional counterpart of the kahler geometry in the paper we study the connection between projective hessian and sasakian manifolds analogous to the one between hessian and kahler manifolds in particular we construct a sasakian structure on tmtimes mathbbr from a projective hessian structure on m especially we are interested in the case of invariant structure on lie groups we define semisasakian lie groups as a generalization of sasakian lie groups then we construct a semisasakian structure on a group gltimes mathbbrn1 for a projective hessian lie group g further we describe examples of homogeneous hessian lie groups and corresponding semisasakian lie groups the big class of projective hessian lie groups can be constructed by homogeneous regular domains in mathbbrn the groups textso2 and textsu2 belong to another kind of examples using them we construct semisasakian structures on the group of the euclidean motions of the real plane and the group of isometries of the complex plane
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1,803.028
Long-branch attraction in species tree estimation: inconsistency of partitioned likelihood and topology-based summary methods
With advances in sequencing technologies, there are now massive amounts of genomic data from across all life, leading to the possibility that a robust Tree of Life can be constructed. However, "gene tree heterogeneity", which is when different genomic regions can evolve differently, is a common phenomenon in multi-locus datasets, and reduces the accuracy of standard methods for species tree estimation that do not take this heterogeneity into account. New methods have been developed for species tree estimation that specifically address gene tree heterogeneity, and that have been proven to converge to the true species tree when the number of loci and number of sites per locus both increase (i.e., the methods are said to be "statistically consistent"). Yet, little is known about the biologically realistic condition where the number of sites per locus is bounded. We show that when the sequence length of each locus is bounded (by any arbitrarily chosen value), the most common approaches to species tree estimation that take heterogeneity into account (i.e., traditional fully partitioned concatenated maximum likelihood and newer approaches, called summary methods, that estimate the species tree by combining gene trees) are not statistically consistent, even when the heterogeneity is extremely constrained. The main challenge is the presence of conditions such as long branch attraction that create biased tree estimation when the number of sites is restricted. Hence, our study uncovers a fundamental challenge to species tree estimation using both traditional and new methods.
q-bio.PE cs.CE math.PR math.ST stat.TH
with advances in sequencing technologies there are now massive amounts of genomic data from across all life leading to the possibility that a robust tree of life can be constructed however gene tree heterogeneity which is when different genomic regions can evolve differently is a common phenomenon in multilocus datasets and reduces the accuracy of standard methods for species tree estimation that do not take this heterogeneity into account new methods have been developed for species tree estimation that specifically address gene tree heterogeneity and that have been proven to converge to the true species tree when the number of loci and number of sites per locus both increase ie the methods are said to be statistically consistent yet little is known about the biologically realistic condition where the number of sites per locus is bounded we show that when the sequence length of each locus is bounded by any arbitrarily chosen value the most common approaches to species tree estimation that take heterogeneity into account ie traditional fully partitioned concatenated maximum likelihood and newer approaches called summary methods that estimate the species tree by combining gene trees are not statistically consistent even when the heterogeneity is extremely constrained the main challenge is the presence of conditions such as long branch attraction that create biased tree estimation when the number of sites is restricted hence our study uncovers a fundamental challenge to species tree estimation using both traditional and new methods
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1,803.02801
Re-entrant bimodality in spheroidal chiral swimmers in shear flow
We use a continuum model to report on the behavior of a dilute suspension of chiral swimmers subject to externally imposed shear in a planar channel. Swimmer orientation in response to the imposed shear can be characterized by two distinct phases of behavior, corresponding to unimodal or bimodal distribution functions for swimmer orientation along the channel. These phases indicate the occurrence (or not) of a population splitting phenomenon changing the swimming direction of a macroscopic fraction of active particles to the exact opposite of that dictated by the imposed flow. We present a detailed quantitative analysis elucidating the complexities added to the population splitting behavior of swimmers when they are chiral. In particular, the transition from unimodal to bimodal and vice versa are shown to display a re-entrant behavior across the parameter space spanned by varying the chiral angular speed. We also present the notable effects of particle aspect ratio and self-propulsion speed on system phase behavior and discuss potential implications of our results in applications such as swimmer separation/sorting.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph physics.flu-dyn
we use a continuum model to report on the behavior of a dilute suspension of chiral swimmers subject to externally imposed shear in a planar channel swimmer orientation in response to the imposed shear can be characterized by two distinct phases of behavior corresponding to unimodal or bimodal distribution functions for swimmer orientation along the channel these phases indicate the occurrence or not of a population splitting phenomenon changing the swimming direction of a macroscopic fraction of active particles to the exact opposite of that dictated by the imposed flow we present a detailed quantitative analysis elucidating the complexities added to the population splitting behavior of swimmers when they are chiral in particular the transition from unimodal to bimodal and vice versa are shown to display a reentrant behavior across the parameter space spanned by varying the chiral angular speed we also present the notable effects of particle aspect ratio and selfpropulsion speed on system phase behavior and discuss potential implications of our results in applications such as swimmer separationsorting
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1,803.02802
Realistic atomistic structure of amorphous silicon from machine-learning-driven molecular dynamics
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is a widely studied non-crystalline material, and yet the subtle details of its atomistic structure are still unclear. Here, we show that accurate structural models of a-Si can be obtained by harnessing the power of machine-learning algorithms to create interatomic potentials. Our best a-Si network is obtained by cooling from the melt in molecular-dynamics simulations, at a rate of 10$^{11}$ K/s (that is, on the 10 ns timescale). This structure shows a defect concentration of below 2% and agrees with experiments regarding excess energies, diffraction data, as well as $^{29}$Si solid-state NMR chemical shifts. We show that this level of quality is impossible to achieve with faster quench simulations. We then generate a 4,096-atom system which correctly reproduces the magnitude of the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in the structure factor, achieving the closest agreement with experiments to date. Our study demonstrates the broader impact of machine-learning interatomic potentials for elucidating accurate structures and properties of amorphous functional materials.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
amorphous silicon asi is a widely studied noncrystalline material and yet the subtle details of its atomistic structure are still unclear here we show that accurate structural models of asi can be obtained by harnessing the power of machinelearning algorithms to create interatomic potentials our best asi network is obtained by cooling from the melt in moleculardynamics simulations at a rate of 1011 ks that is on the 10 ns timescale this structure shows a defect concentration of below 2 and agrees with experiments regarding excess energies diffraction data as well as 29si solidstate nmr chemical shifts we show that this level of quality is impossible to achieve with faster quench simulations we then generate a 4096atom system which correctly reproduces the magnitude of the first sharp diffraction peak fsdp in the structure factor achieving the closest agreement with experiments to date our study demonstrates the broader impact of machinelearning interatomic potentials for elucidating accurate structures and properties of amorphous functional materials
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1,803.02803
Neutron star tidal deformabilities constrained by nuclear theory and experiment
We confront observational data from gravitational wave event GW170817 with microscopic modeling of the cold neutron star equation of state. We develop and employ a Bayesian statistical framework that enables us to implement constraints on the equation of state from laboratory measurements of nuclei and state-of-the-art chiral effective field theory methods. The energy density functionals constructed from the posterior probability distributions are then used to compute consistently the neutron star equation of state from the outer crust to the inner core, assuming a composition consisting of protons, neutrons, electrons, and muons. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the 95% credibility range of predicted neutron star tidal deformabilities ($136 < \Lambda < 519$) for a 1.4 solar-mass neutron star is already consistent with the upper bound deduced from observations of the GW170817 event. However, we find that lower bounds on the neutron star tidal deformability will very strongly constrain microscopic models of the dense matter equation of state. We also demonstrate a strong correlation between the neutron star tidal deformability and the pressure of beta-equilibrated matter at twice saturation density.
nucl-th astro-ph.HE
we confront observational data from gravitational wave event gw170817 with microscopic modeling of the cold neutron star equation of state we develop and employ a bayesian statistical framework that enables us to implement constraints on the equation of state from laboratory measurements of nuclei and stateoftheart chiral effective field theory methods the energy density functionals constructed from the posterior probability distributions are then used to compute consistently the neutron star equation of state from the outer crust to the inner core assuming a composition consisting of protons neutrons electrons and muons in contrast to previous studies we find that the 95 credibility range of predicted neutron star tidal deformabilities 136 lambda 519 for a 14 solarmass neutron star is already consistent with the upper bound deduced from observations of the gw170817 event however we find that lower bounds on the neutron star tidal deformability will very strongly constrain microscopic models of the dense matter equation of state we also demonstrate a strong correlation between the neutron star tidal deformability and the pressure of betaequilibrated matter at twice saturation density
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1,803.02804
Severely Constraining Dark Matter Interpretations of the 21-cm Anomaly
The EDGES Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a stronger-than-expected absorption feature in the global 21-cm spectrum, centered at a frequency corresponding to a redshift of z ~ 17. This observation has been interpreted as evidence that the gas was cooled during this era as a result of scattering with dark matter. In this study, we explore this possibility, applying constraints from the cosmic microwave background, light element abundances, Supernova 1987A, and a variety of laboratory experiments. After taking these constraints into account, we find that the vast majority of the parameter space capable of generating the observed 21-cm signal is ruled out. The only range of models that remains viable is that in which a small fraction, ~ 0.3-2%, of the dark matter consists of particles with a mass of ~ 10-80 MeV and which couple to the photon through a small electric charge, epsilon ~ 10^{-6}-10^{-4}. Furthermore, in order to avoid being overproduced in the early universe, such models must be supplemented with an additional depletion mechanism, such as annihilations through a L_{\mu}-L_{\tau} gauge boson or annihilations to a pair of rapidly decaying hidden sector scalars.
hep-ph astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IM
the edges collaboration has recently reported the detection of a strongerthanexpected absorption feature in the global 21cm spectrum centered at a frequency corresponding to a redshift of z 17 this observation has been interpreted as evidence that the gas was cooled during this era as a result of scattering with dark matter in this study we explore this possibility applying constraints from the cosmic microwave background light element abundances supernova 1987a and a variety of laboratory experiments after taking these constraints into account we find that the vast majority of the parameter space capable of generating the observed 21cm signal is ruled out the only range of models that remains viable is that in which a small fraction 032 of the dark matter consists of particles with a mass of 1080 mev and which couple to the photon through a small electric charge epsilon 106104 furthermore in order to avoid being overproduced in the early universe such models must be supplemented with an additional depletion mechanism such as annihilations through a l_mul_tau gauge boson or annihilations to a pair of rapidly decaying hidden sector scalars
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1,803.02805
Rotomagnetic coupling in fine grained multiferroic BiFeO3: Theory and experiment
Using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory for BiFeO3 dense fine grained ceramics with quasi spherical grains and nanosized inter grain spaces enriched by elastic defects, we calculated a surprisingly strong size-induced increase of the AFM temperature caused by the joint action of rotomagnetic and magnetostrictive coupling. Notably that all parameters included in the LGD functional have been extracted from experiments, not assumed. Complementary we performed experiments for dense BiFeO3 ceramics, which revealed that the shift of antiferromagnetic transition to 690 K instead of 645 K for a single crystal. To explain theoretically the result, we consider the possibility to control antiferromagnetic state of multiferroic BiFeO3 via biquadratic antiferrodistortive rotomagnetic, rotoelectric, magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric couplings. According to our calculations the highest is the rotostriction contribution, the magnetostrictive and electrostriction contributions appeared smaller.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
using landauginzburgdevonshire lgd theory for bifeo3 dense fine grained ceramics with quasi spherical grains and nanosized inter grain spaces enriched by elastic defects we calculated a surprisingly strong sizeinduced increase of the afm temperature caused by the joint action of rotomagnetic and magnetostrictive coupling notably that all parameters included in the lgd functional have been extracted from experiments not assumed complementary we performed experiments for dense bifeo3 ceramics which revealed that the shift of antiferromagnetic transition to 690 k instead of 645 k for a single crystal to explain theoretically the result we consider the possibility to control antiferromagnetic state of multiferroic bifeo3 via biquadratic antiferrodistortive rotomagnetic rotoelectric magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric couplings according to our calculations the highest is the rotostriction contribution the magnetostrictive and electrostriction contributions appeared smaller
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1,803.02806
Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of the Galactic Center: Quantifying the Extreme Ultraviolet/so ft X-ray fluxes
It has long been shown that the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the ionizing stars of H II regions can be estimated by comparing the observed line emission to detailed models. In the Galactic Center (GC), however, previous observations have shown that the ionizing spectral energy distribution (SED) of the local photon field is strange, producing both very low excitation ionized gas (indicative of ionization by late O stars) and also widespread diffuse emission from atoms too highly ionized to be found in normal H II regions. This paper describes the analysis of all the GC spectra taken by Spitzer's Infrared Spectrograph and downloaded from the Spitzer Heritage Archive. In it, H II region densities and abundances are described, and serendipitously discovered candidate planetary nebulae, compact shocks, and candidate young stellar objects are tabulated. Models were computed with Cloudy, using SEDs from Starburst99 plus additional X-rays, and compared to the observed mid-infrared forbidden and recombination lines. The ages inferred from the model fits do not agree with recent proposed star formation sequences (star formation in the GC occurring along streams of gas with density enhancements caused by close encounters with the black hole, Sgr A*), with Sgr~B1, Sgr~C, and the Arches Cluster being all about the same age, around 4.5 Myr old, with similar X-ray requirements. The fits for the Quintuplet Cluster appear to give a younger age, but that could be caused by higher-energy photons from shocks from stellar winds or from a supernova.
astro-ph.GA
it has long been shown that the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the ionizing stars of h ii regions can be estimated by comparing the observed line emission to detailed models in the galactic center gc however previous observations have shown that the ionizing spectral energy distribution sed of the local photon field is strange producing both very low excitation ionized gas indicative of ionization by late o stars and also widespread diffuse emission from atoms too highly ionized to be found in normal h ii regions this paper describes the analysis of all the gc spectra taken by spitzers infrared spectrograph and downloaded from the spitzer heritage archive in it h ii region densities and abundances are described and serendipitously discovered candidate planetary nebulae compact shocks and candidate young stellar objects are tabulated models were computed with cloudy using seds from starburst99 plus additional xrays and compared to the observed midinfrared forbidden and recombination lines the ages inferred from the model fits do not agree with recent proposed star formation sequences star formation in the gc occurring along streams of gas with density enhancements caused by close encounters with the black hole sgr a with sgrb1 sgrc and the arches cluster being all about the same age around 45 myr old with similar xray requirements the fits for the quintuplet cluster appear to give a younger age but that could be caused by higherenergy photons from shocks from stellar winds or from a supernova
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1,803.02807
Flexible and Efficient Algorithms for Abelian Matching in Strings
The abelian pattern matching problem consists in finding all substrings of a text which are permutations of a given pattern. This problem finds application in many areas and can be solved in linear time by a naive sliding window approach. In this short communication we present a new class of algorithms based on a new efficient fingerprint computation approach, called Heap-Counting, which turns out to be fast, flexible and easy to be implemented. It can be proved that our solutions have a linear worst case time complexity and, in addition, we present an extensive experimental evaluation which shows that our newly presented algorithms are among the most efficient and flexible solutions in practice for the abelian matching problem in strings.
cs.DS cs.IR
the abelian pattern matching problem consists in finding all substrings of a text which are permutations of a given pattern this problem finds application in many areas and can be solved in linear time by a naive sliding window approach in this short communication we present a new class of algorithms based on a new efficient fingerprint computation approach called heapcounting which turns out to be fast flexible and easy to be implemented it can be proved that our solutions have a linear worst case time complexity and in addition we present an extensive experimental evaluation which shows that our newly presented algorithms are among the most efficient and flexible solutions in practice for the abelian matching problem in strings
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1,803.02808
OntoWind: An Improved and Extended Wind Energy Ontology
Ontologies are critical sources of semantic information for many application domains. Hence, there are ontologies proposed and utilized for domains such as medicine, chemical engineering, and electrical energy. In this paper, we present an improved and extended version of a wind energy ontology previously proposed. First, the ontology is restructured to increase its understandability and coverage. Secondly, it is enriched with new concepts, crisp/fuzzy attributes, and instances to increase its usability in semantic applications regarding wind energy. The ultimate ontology is utilized within a Web-based semantic portal application for wind energy, in order to showcase its contribution in a genuine application. Hence, the current study is a significant to wind and thereby renewable energy informatics, with the presented publicly-available wind energy ontology and the implemented proof-of-concept system.
cs.AI
ontologies are critical sources of semantic information for many application domains hence there are ontologies proposed and utilized for domains such as medicine chemical engineering and electrical energy in this paper we present an improved and extended version of a wind energy ontology previously proposed first the ontology is restructured to increase its understandability and coverage secondly it is enriched with new concepts crispfuzzy attributes and instances to increase its usability in semantic applications regarding wind energy the ultimate ontology is utilized within a webbased semantic portal application for wind energy in order to showcase its contribution in a genuine application hence the current study is a significant to wind and thereby renewable energy informatics with the presented publiclyavailable wind energy ontology and the implemented proofofconcept system
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1,803.02809
The size of the giant component in random hypergraphs: a short proof
We consider connected components in $k$-uniform hypergraphs for the following notion of connectedness: given integers $k\ge 2$ and $1\le j \le k-1$, two $j$-sets (of vertices) lie in the same $j$-component if there is a sequence of edges from one to the other such that consecutive edges intersect in at least $j$ vertices. We prove that certain collections of $j$-sets constructed during a breadth-first search process on $j$-components in a random $k$-uniform hypergraph are reasonably regularly distributed with high probability. We use this property to provide a short proof of the asymptotic size of the giant $j$-component shortly after it appears.
math.CO math.PR
we consider connected components in kuniform hypergraphs for the following notion of connectedness given integers kge 2 and 1le j le k1 two jsets of vertices lie in the same jcomponent if there is a sequence of edges from one to the other such that consecutive edges intersect in at least j vertices we prove that certain collections of jsets constructed during a breadthfirst search process on jcomponents in a random kuniform hypergraph are reasonably regularly distributed with high probability we use this property to provide a short proof of the asymptotic size of the giant jcomponent shortly after it appears
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1,803.0281
Kernel and cokernel in the category of augmented involutive stereotype algebras
We prove several properties of kernels and cokernels in the category of augmented involutive stereotype algebras: 1) the morphisms of the augmented involutive stereotype algebras have kernels and cokernels, 2) the cokernel is preserved under the passage to the group stereotype algebras, and 3) the notion of cokernel allows to prove that the continuous envelope $\operatorname{Env} {\mathcal C}^\star(G)$ of the group algebra ${\mathcal C}^\star(G)$ is an involutive Hopf algebra in the category of stereotype spaces $({\tt Ste},\odot)$, if $G$ has the form $Z\cdot K$, where $Z$ is a commutative locally compact group, and $K$ a compact group. The last result plays an important role in the generalization of the Pontryagin duality for arbitrary Moore groups.
math.FA
we prove several properties of kernels and cokernels in the category of augmented involutive stereotype algebras 1 the morphisms of the augmented involutive stereotype algebras have kernels and cokernels 2 the cokernel is preserved under the passage to the group stereotype algebras and 3 the notion of cokernel allows to prove that the continuous envelope operatornameenv mathcal cstarg of the group algebra mathcal cstarg is an involutive hopf algebra in the category of stereotype spaces tt steodot if g has the form zcdot k where z is a commutative locally compact group and k a compact group the last result plays an important role in the generalization of the pontryagin duality for arbitrary moore groups
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1,803.02811
Accelerated Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved many recent successes, yet experiment turn-around time remains a key bottleneck in research and in practice. We investigate how to optimize existing deep RL algorithms for modern computers, specifically for a combination of CPUs and GPUs. We confirm that both policy gradient and Q-value learning algorithms can be adapted to learn using many parallel simulator instances. We further find it possible to train using batch sizes considerably larger than are standard, without negatively affecting sample complexity or final performance. We leverage these facts to build a unified framework for parallelization that dramatically hastens experiments in both classes of algorithm. All neural network computations use GPUs, accelerating both data collection and training. Our results include using an entire DGX-1 to learn successful strategies in Atari games in mere minutes, using both synchronous and asynchronous algorithms.
cs.LG cs.AI cs.DC
deep reinforcement learning rl has achieved many recent successes yet experiment turnaround time remains a key bottleneck in research and in practice we investigate how to optimize existing deep rl algorithms for modern computers specifically for a combination of cpus and gpus we confirm that both policy gradient and qvalue learning algorithms can be adapted to learn using many parallel simulator instances we further find it possible to train using batch sizes considerably larger than are standard without negatively affecting sample complexity or final performance we leverage these facts to build a unified framework for parallelization that dramatically hastens experiments in both classes of algorithm all neural network computations use gpus accelerating both data collection and training our results include using an entire dgx1 to learn successful strategies in atari games in mere minutes using both synchronous and asynchronous algorithms
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1,803.02812
On continuous duality for Moore groups
In this paper we correct the errors of Yu.~N.~Kuznetsova's paper on the continuous duality for Moore groups.
math.FA
in this paper we correct the errors of yunkuznetsovas paper on the continuous duality for moore groups
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1,803.02813
New Experimental Limits on Exotic Spin-Spin-Velocity-Dependent Interactions By Using SmCo$_5$ Spin Sources
We report the latest results of searching for possible new macro-scale spin-spin-velocity-dependent forces (SSVDFs) based on specially designed iron-shielded SmCo$_5$ (ISSC) spin sources and a spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) co-magnetometer. The ISSCs have high net electron spin densities of about $1.7\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-3}$, which mean high detecting sensitivity; and low magnetic field leakage of about $\sim$mG level due to iron shielding, which means low detecting noise. With help from the ISSCs, the high sensitivity SERF co-magnetometer, and the similarity analysis method, new constraints on SSVDFs with forms of $V_{6+7}$, $V_8$, $V_{15}$, and $V_{16}$ have been obtained, which represent the tightest limits in force range of 5 cm -- 1 km to the best of our knowledge.
hep-ex
we report the latest results of searching for possible new macroscale spinspinvelocitydependent forces ssvdfs based on specially designed ironshielded smco_5 issc spin sources and a spin exchange relaxation free serf comagnetometer the isscs have high net electron spin densities of about 17times 1021 cm3 which mean high detecting sensitivity and low magnetic field leakage of about simmg level due to iron shielding which means low detecting noise with help from the isscs the high sensitivity serf comagnetometer and the similarity analysis method new constraints on ssvdfs with forms of v_67 v_8 v_15 and v_16 have been obtained which represent the tightest limits in force range of 5 cm 1 km to the best of our knowledge
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1,803.02814
Addendum to Pontryagin's maximum principle for dynamic systems on time scales
This note is an addendum to [1,2], pointing out the differences between these papers and raising open questions.
math.OC
this note is an addendum to 12 pointing out the differences between these papers and raising open questions
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1,803.02815
Sever: A Robust Meta-Algorithm for Stochastic Optimization
In high dimensions, most machine learning methods are brittle to even a small fraction of structured outliers. To address this, we introduce a new meta-algorithm that can take in a base learner such as least squares or stochastic gradient descent, and harden the learner to be resistant to outliers. Our method, Sever, possesses strong theoretical guarantees yet is also highly scalable -- beyond running the base learner itself, it only requires computing the top singular vector of a certain $n \times d$ matrix. We apply Sever on a drug design dataset and a spam classification dataset, and find that in both cases it has substantially greater robustness than several baselines. On the spam dataset, with $1\%$ corruptions, we achieved $7.4\%$ test error, compared to $13.4\%-20.5\%$ for the baselines, and $3\%$ error on the uncorrupted dataset. Similarly, on the drug design dataset, with $10\%$ corruptions, we achieved $1.42$ mean-squared error test error, compared to $1.51$-$2.33$ for the baselines, and $1.23$ error on the uncorrupted dataset.
cs.LG cs.AI cs.DS stat.ML
in high dimensions most machine learning methods are brittle to even a small fraction of structured outliers to address this we introduce a new metaalgorithm that can take in a base learner such as least squares or stochastic gradient descent and harden the learner to be resistant to outliers our method sever possesses strong theoretical guarantees yet is also highly scalable beyond running the base learner itself it only requires computing the top singular vector of a certain n times d matrix we apply sever on a drug design dataset and a spam classification dataset and find that in both cases it has substantially greater robustness than several baselines on the spam dataset with 1 corruptions we achieved 74 test error compared to 134205 for the baselines and 3 error on the uncorrupted dataset similarly on the drug design dataset with 10 corruptions we achieved 142 meansquared error test error compared to 151233 for the baselines and 123 error on the uncorrupted dataset
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1,803.02816
Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of the Internet: A Survey of Tor Research
Anonymity services have seen high growth rates with increased usage in the past few years. Among various services, Tor is one of the most popular peer-to-peer anonymizing service. In this survey paper, we summarize, analyze, classify and quantify 26 years of research on the Tor network. Our research shows that `security' and `anonymity' are the most frequent keywords associated with Tor research studies. Quantitative analysis shows that the majority of research studies on Tor focus on `deanonymization' the design of a breaching strategy. The second most frequent topic is analysis of path selection algorithms to select more resilient paths. Analysis shows that the majority of experimental studies derived their results by deploying private testbeds while others performed simulations by developing custom simulators. No consistent parameters have been used for Tor performance analysis. The majority of authors performed throughput and latency analysis.
cs.NI cs.CR
anonymity services have seen high growth rates with increased usage in the past few years among various services tor is one of the most popular peertopeer anonymizing service in this survey paper we summarize analyze classify and quantify 26 years of research on the tor network our research shows that security and anonymity are the most frequent keywords associated with tor research studies quantitative analysis shows that the majority of research studies on tor focus on deanonymization the design of a breaching strategy the second most frequent topic is analysis of path selection algorithms to select more resilient paths analysis shows that the majority of experimental studies derived their results by deploying private testbeds while others performed simulations by developing custom simulators no consistent parameters have been used for tor performance analysis the majority of authors performed throughput and latency analysis
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1,803.02817
Stochastic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations on tori
We consider the stochastic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations (SNLS) posed on $d$-dimensional tori with either additive or multiplicative stochastic forcing. In particular, for the one-dimensional cubic SNLS, we prove global well-posedness in $L^2(\mathbb{T})$. As for other power-type nonlinearities, namely (i) (super)quintic when $d = 1$ and (ii) (super)cubic when $d \geq 2$, we prove local well-posedness in all scaling-subcritical Sobolev spaces and global well-posedness in the energy space for the defocusing, energy-subcritical problems.
math.AP math.PR
we consider the stochastic nonlinear schrodinger equations snls posed on ddimensional tori with either additive or multiplicative stochastic forcing in particular for the onedimensional cubic snls we prove global wellposedness in l2mathbbt as for other powertype nonlinearities namely i superquintic when d 1 and ii supercubic when d geq 2 we prove local wellposedness in all scalingsubcritical sobolev spaces and global wellposedness in the energy space for the defocusing energysubcritical problems
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1,803.02818
Path Planning and Navigation Inside Off-World Lava Tubes and Caves
Detailed surface images of the Moon and Mars reveal hundreds of cave-like openings. These cave-like openings are theorized to be remnants of lava-tubes and their interior maybe in pristine conditions. These locations may have well preserved geological records of the Moon and Mars, including evidence of past water flow and habitability. Exploration of these caves using wheeled rovers remains a daunting challenge. These caves are likely to have entrances with caved-in ceilings much like the lava-tubes of Arizona and New Mexico. Thus, the entrances are nearly impossible to traverse even for experienced human hikers. Our approach is to utilize the SphereX robot, a 3 kg, 30 cm diameter robot with computer hardware and sensors of a smartphone attached to rocket thrusters. Each SphereX robot can hop, roll or fly short distances in low gravity, airless or low-pressure environments. Several SphereX robots maybe deployed to minimize single-point failure and exploit cooperative behaviors to traverse the cave. There are some important challenges for navigation and path planning in these cave environments. Localization systems such as GPS are not available nor are they easy to install due to the signal blockage from the rocks. These caves are too dark and too large for conventional sensor such as cameras and miniature laser sensors to perform detailed mapping and navigation. In this paper, we identify new techniques to map these caves by performing localized, cooperative mapping and navigation.
cs.RO
detailed surface images of the moon and mars reveal hundreds of cavelike openings these cavelike openings are theorized to be remnants of lavatubes and their interior maybe in pristine conditions these locations may have well preserved geological records of the moon and mars including evidence of past water flow and habitability exploration of these caves using wheeled rovers remains a daunting challenge these caves are likely to have entrances with cavedin ceilings much like the lavatubes of arizona and new mexico thus the entrances are nearly impossible to traverse even for experienced human hikers our approach is to utilize the spherex robot a 3 kg 30 cm diameter robot with computer hardware and sensors of a smartphone attached to rocket thrusters each spherex robot can hop roll or fly short distances in low gravity airless or lowpressure environments several spherex robots maybe deployed to minimize singlepoint failure and exploit cooperative behaviors to traverse the cave there are some important challenges for navigation and path planning in these cave environments localization systems such as gps are not available nor are they easy to install due to the signal blockage from the rocks these caves are too dark and too large for conventional sensor such as cameras and miniature laser sensors to perform detailed mapping and navigation in this paper we identify new techniques to map these caves by performing localized cooperative mapping and navigation
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1,803.02819
Correlated emission and spin-down variability in radio pulsars
The recent revelation that there are correlated period derivative and pulse shape changes in pulsars has dramatically changed our understanding of timing noise as well as the relationship between the radio emission and the properties of the magnetosphere as a whole. Using Gaussian processes we are able to model timing and emission variability using a regression technique that imposes no functional form on the data. We revisit the pulsars first studied by Lyne et al. (2010). We not only confirm the emission and rotational transitions revealed therein, but reveal further transitions and periodicities in 8 years of extended monitoring. We also show that in many of these objects the pulse profile transitions between two well-defined shapes, coincident with changes to the period derivative. With a view to the SKA and other telescopes capable of higher cadence we also study the detection limitations of period derivative changes.
astro-ph.HE
the recent revelation that there are correlated period derivative and pulse shape changes in pulsars has dramatically changed our understanding of timing noise as well as the relationship between the radio emission and the properties of the magnetosphere as a whole using gaussian processes we are able to model timing and emission variability using a regression technique that imposes no functional form on the data we revisit the pulsars first studied by lyne et al 2010 we not only confirm the emission and rotational transitions revealed therein but reveal further transitions and periodicities in 8 years of extended monitoring we also show that in many of these objects the pulse profile transitions between two welldefined shapes coincident with changes to the period derivative with a view to the ska and other telescopes capable of higher cadence we also study the detection limitations of period derivative changes
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1,803.0282
Imitate or innovate: competition of strategy updating attitudes in spatial social dilemma games
Evolution is based on the assumption that competing players update their strategies to increase their individual payoffs. However, while the applied updating method can be different, most of previous works proposed uniform models where players use identical way to revise their strategies. In this work we explore how imitation-based or learning attitude and innovation-based or myopic best response attitude compete for space in a complex model where both attitudes are available. In the absence of additional cost the best response trait practically dominates the whole snow-drift game parameter space which is in agreement with the average payoff difference of basic models. When additional cost is involved then the imitation attitude can gradually invade the whole parameter space but this transition happens in a highly nontrivial way. However, the role of competing attitudes is reversed in the stag-hunt parameter space where imitation is more successful in general. Interestingly, a four-state solution can be observed for the latter game which is a consequence of an emerging cyclic dominance between possible states. These phenomena can be understood by analyzing the microscopic invasion processes, which reveals the unequal propagation velocities of strategies and attitudes.
physics.soc-ph nlin.AO q-bio.PE
evolution is based on the assumption that competing players update their strategies to increase their individual payoffs however while the applied updating method can be different most of previous works proposed uniform models where players use identical way to revise their strategies in this work we explore how imitationbased or learning attitude and innovationbased or myopic best response attitude compete for space in a complex model where both attitudes are available in the absence of additional cost the best response trait practically dominates the whole snowdrift game parameter space which is in agreement with the average payoff difference of basic models when additional cost is involved then the imitation attitude can gradually invade the whole parameter space but this transition happens in a highly nontrivial way however the role of competing attitudes is reversed in the staghunt parameter space where imitation is more successful in general interestingly a fourstate solution can be observed for the latter game which is a consequence of an emerging cyclic dominance between possible states these phenomena can be understood by analyzing the microscopic invasion processes which reveals the unequal propagation velocities of strategies and attitudes
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1,803.02821
Winds as the origin of radio emission in $z=2.5$ radio-quiet extremely red quasars
Most active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are radio-quiet, and the origin of their radio emission is not well-understood. One hypothesis is that this radio emission is a by-product of quasar-driven winds. In this paper, we present the radio properties of 108 extremely red quasars (ERQs) at $z=2-4$. ERQs are among the most luminous quasars ($L_{bol} \sim 10^{47-48}$ erg/s) in the Universe, with signatures of extreme ($\gg 1000$ km/s) outflows in their [OIII]$\lambda$5007 \AA\ emission, making them the best subjects to seek the connection between radio and outflow activity. All ERQs but one are unresolved in the radio on $\sim 10$ kpc scales, and the median radio luminosity of ERQs is $\nu L_\nu [{\rm 6\,GHz}] = 10^{41.0}$ erg/s, in the radio-quiet regime, but one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of other quasar samples. The radio spectra are steep, with a mean spectral index $\langle \alpha \rangle = -1.0$. In addition, ERQs neatly follow the extrapolation of the low-redshift correlation between radio luminosity and the velocity dispersion of [OIII]-emitting ionized gas. Uncollimated winds, with a power of one per cent of the bolometric luminosity, can account for all these observations. Such winds would interact with and shock the gas around the quasar and in the host galaxy, resulting in acceleration of relativistic particles and the consequent synchrotron emission observed in the radio. Our observations support the picture in which ERQs are signposts of extremely powerful episodes of quasar feedback, and quasar-driven winds as a contributor of the radio emission in the intermediate regime of radio luminosity $\nu L_\nu = 10^{39}-10^{42}$ erg/s.
astro-ph.GA
most active galactic nuclei agns are radioquiet and the origin of their radio emission is not wellunderstood one hypothesis is that this radio emission is a byproduct of quasardriven winds in this paper we present the radio properties of 108 extremely red quasars erqs at z24 erqs are among the most luminous quasars l_bol sim 104748 ergs in the universe with signatures of extreme gg 1000 kms outflows in their oiiilambda5007 aa emission making them the best subjects to seek the connection between radio and outflow activity all erqs but one are unresolved in the radio on sim 10 kpc scales and the median radio luminosity of erqs is nu l_nu rm 6ghz 10410 ergs in the radioquiet regime but one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of other quasar samples the radio spectra are steep with a mean spectral index langle alpha rangle 10 in addition erqs neatly follow the extrapolation of the lowredshift correlation between radio luminosity and the velocity dispersion of oiiiemitting ionized gas uncollimated winds with a power of one per cent of the bolometric luminosity can account for all these observations such winds would interact with and shock the gas around the quasar and in the host galaxy resulting in acceleration of relativistic particles and the consequent synchrotron emission observed in the radio our observations support the picture in which erqs are signposts of extremely powerful episodes of quasar feedback and quasardriven winds as a contributor of the radio emission in the intermediate regime of radio luminosity nu l_nu 10391042 ergs
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1,803.02822
De Broglie relations, Gravitational time dilation and weak equivalence principle
Interplays between quantum physics and gravity have long inspired exciting studies, which reveal subtle connections between quantum laws and the general notion of curved spacetime. One important example is the uniqueness of free-falling motions in both quantum and gravitational physics. In this work, we re-investigate the free-falling motions of quantum test wave packets that are distributed over weakly curved spacetime backgrounds. Except for the de Broglie relations, no assumption of priori given Hamiltonians or least actions satisfied by the quantum system is made. We find that the mean motions of quantum test wave packets can be deduced naturally from the de Broglie relations with a generalized treatment of gravitational time dilations in quantum waves. Such mean motions of quantum test masses in gravitational field are independent of their masses and compositions, and restore exactly the free-falling or geodesic motions of classical test masses in curved spacetime. This suggests a novel perspective that weak equivalence principle, which states the universality of free-fall, may be deeply rooted in quantum physics and be a phenomenon that has emerged from the quantum world.
quant-ph gr-qc
interplays between quantum physics and gravity have long inspired exciting studies which reveal subtle connections between quantum laws and the general notion of curved spacetime one important example is the uniqueness of freefalling motions in both quantum and gravitational physics in this work we reinvestigate the freefalling motions of quantum test wave packets that are distributed over weakly curved spacetime backgrounds except for the de broglie relations no assumption of priori given hamiltonians or least actions satisfied by the quantum system is made we find that the mean motions of quantum test wave packets can be deduced naturally from the de broglie relations with a generalized treatment of gravitational time dilations in quantum waves such mean motions of quantum test masses in gravitational field are independent of their masses and compositions and restore exactly the freefalling or geodesic motions of classical test masses in curved spacetime this suggests a novel perspective that weak equivalence principle which states the universality of freefall may be deeply rooted in quantum physics and be a phenomenon that has emerged from the quantum world
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1,803.02823
A unified and improved Chebotarev density theorem
We establish an unconditional effective Chebotarev density theorem that improves uniformly over the well-known result of Lagarias and Odlyzko. As a consequence, we give a new asymptotic form of the Chebotarev density theorem that can count much smaller primes with arbitrary log-power savings, even in the case where a Landau-Siegel zero is present. Our main theorem interpolates the strongest unconditional upper bound for the least prime ideal with a given Artin symbol as well as the Chebotarev analogue of the Brun-Titchmarsh theorem proved by the authors. We also present a new application of our main result that exhibits considerable gains over earlier versions of the Chebotarev density theorem. If $f$ is a positive definite primitive binary quadratic form then we count lattice points $(u,v) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$ such that $f(u,v)$ is prime and $u, v$ have no prime factors $\leq z$ with uniformity in $z$ and the discriminant of $f$.
math.NT
we establish an unconditional effective chebotarev density theorem that improves uniformly over the wellknown result of lagarias and odlyzko as a consequence we give a new asymptotic form of the chebotarev density theorem that can count much smaller primes with arbitrary logpower savings even in the case where a landausiegel zero is present our main theorem interpolates the strongest unconditional upper bound for the least prime ideal with a given artin symbol as well as the chebotarev analogue of the bruntitchmarsh theorem proved by the authors we also present a new application of our main result that exhibits considerable gains over earlier versions of the chebotarev density theorem if f is a positive definite primitive binary quadratic form then we count lattice points uv in mathbbz2 such that fuv is prime and u v have no prime factors leq z with uniformity in z and the discriminant of f
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1,803.02824
A Detection of the Environmental Dependence of the Sizes and Stellar Haloes of Massive Central Galaxies
We use ~100 square deg of deep (>28.5 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ in i-band), high-quality (median 0.6 arcsec seeing) imaging data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey to reveal the halo mass dependence of the surface mass density profiles and outer stellar envelopes of massive galaxies. The i-band images from the HSC survey reach ~4 magnitudes deeper than Sloan Digital Sky Survey and enable us to directly trace stellar mass distributions to 100 kpc without requiring stacking. We conclusively show that, at fixed stellar mass, the stellar profiles of massive galaxies depend on the masses of their dark matter haloes. On average, massive central galaxies with $\log M_{\star, 100\ \mathrm{kpc}}>11.6$ in more massive haloes at 0.3 < z < 0.5 have shallower inner stellar mass density profiles (within ~10-20 kpc) and more prominent outer envelopes. These differences translate into a halo mass dependence of the mass-size relation. Central galaxies in haloes with $\log M_{\rm{Halo}}>14.0$ are ~20% larger in $R_{\mathrm{50}}$ at fixed stellar mass. Such dependence is also reflected in the relationship between the stellar mass within 10 and 100 kpc. Comparing to the mass--size relation, the $\log M_{\star, 100\ \rm{kpc}}$-$\log M_{\star, 10\ \rm{kpc}}$ relation avoids the ambiguity in the definition of size, and can be straightforwardly compared with simulations. Our results demonstrate that, with deep images from HSC, we can quantify the connection between halo mass and the outer stellar halo, which may provide new constraints on the formation and assembly of massive central galaxies.
astro-ph.GA
we use 100 square deg of deep 285 mag arcsec2 in iband highquality median 06 arcsec seeing imaging data from the hyper suprimecam hsc survey to reveal the halo mass dependence of the surface mass density profiles and outer stellar envelopes of massive galaxies the iband images from the hsc survey reach 4 magnitudes deeper than sloan digital sky survey and enable us to directly trace stellar mass distributions to 100 kpc without requiring stacking we conclusively show that at fixed stellar mass the stellar profiles of massive galaxies depend on the masses of their dark matter haloes on average massive central galaxies with log m_star 100 mathrmkpc116 in more massive haloes at 03 z 05 have shallower inner stellar mass density profiles within 1020 kpc and more prominent outer envelopes these differences translate into a halo mass dependence of the masssize relation central galaxies in haloes with log m_rmhalo140 are 20 larger in r_mathrm50 at fixed stellar mass such dependence is also reflected in the relationship between the stellar mass within 10 and 100 kpc comparing to the masssize relation the log m_star 100 rmkpclog m_star 10 rmkpc relation avoids the ambiguity in the definition of size and can be straightforwardly compared with simulations our results demonstrate that with deep images from hsc we can quantify the connection between halo mass and the outer stellar halo which may provide new constraints on the formation and assembly of massive central galaxies
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1,803.02825
A novel quantitative indicator of the left ventricular contraction based on volume changes of the left ventricular myocardial segments
Ejection fraction (EF) is commonly measured by echocardiography, by dividing the volume ejected by the heart (stroke volume) by the volume of the filled heart (end-diastolic volume). Utilizing volume changes of left myocardial segments per a cardiac cycle, physical laws and mathematical equations specific echocardiographic data, this paper serves to generalize EF by a novel parameter over the time that it can make available, more detailed, valuable and practical information to fully describe the left ventricular (LV) contractility function.Patients who underwent clinically-directed standard transthoracic echocardiography using 2D conventional echocardiography machines armed to measuring strain components, were asked to estimate displacements and longitudinal, radial and circumferential strains for each LV echocardiographic segments per a cardiac cycle. Volume fractional changes of the LV echocardiographic segments are expanded based on their strain components over the time. Ejected blood volume fraction induced by a left myocardial sample, is computed within a cardiac cycle. Total fraction of the ejected blood volume in the left ventricular cavity was obtained by integrating over the times and LV myocardial segments. EF is an especial value of this total fraction at the end systolic time. The common measurement of EF is only based on LV cavity volumes at the end diastolic and systolic phases. These findings lead to determine detailed aspects of the left ventricular contraction. This generalized parameter has important implications to give the real value of EF in the sever Mitral valve regurgitations.
physics.med-ph
ejection fraction ef is commonly measured by echocardiography by dividing the volume ejected by the heart stroke volume by the volume of the filled heart enddiastolic volume utilizing volume changes of left myocardial segments per a cardiac cycle physical laws and mathematical equations specific echocardiographic data this paper serves to generalize ef by a novel parameter over the time that it can make available more detailed valuable and practical information to fully describe the left ventricular lv contractility functionpatients who underwent clinicallydirected standard transthoracic echocardiography using 2d conventional echocardiography machines armed to measuring strain components were asked to estimate displacements and longitudinal radial and circumferential strains for each lv echocardiographic segments per a cardiac cycle volume fractional changes of the lv echocardiographic segments are expanded based on their strain components over the time ejected blood volume fraction induced by a left myocardial sample is computed within a cardiac cycle total fraction of the ejected blood volume in the left ventricular cavity was obtained by integrating over the times and lv myocardial segments ef is an especial value of this total fraction at the end systolic time the common measurement of ef is only based on lv cavity volumes at the end diastolic and systolic phases these findings lead to determine detailed aspects of the left ventricular contraction this generalized parameter has important implications to give the real value of ef in the sever mitral valve regurgitations
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1,803.02826
Mori-Zwanzig reduced models for uncertainty quantification
In many time-dependent problems of practical interest the parameters and/or initial conditions entering the equations describing the evolution of the various quantities exhibit uncertainty. One way to address the problem of how this uncertainty impacts the solution is to expand the solution using polynomial chaos expansions and obtain a system of differential equations for the evolution of the expansion coefficients. We present an application of the Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) formalism to the problem of constructing reduced models of such systems of differential equations. In particular, we construct reduced models for a subset of the polynomial chaos expansion coefficients that are needed for a full description of the uncertainty caused by uncertain parameters or initial conditions. Even though the MZ formalism is exact, its straightforward application to the problem of constructing reduced models for estimating uncertainty involves the computation of memory terms whose cost can become prohibitively expensive. For those cases, we present a Markovian reformulation of the MZ formalism which can lead to approximations that can alleviate some of the computational expense while retaining an accuracy advantage over reduced models that discard the memory altogether. Our results support the conclusion that successful reduced models need to include memory effects.
math.NA
in many timedependent problems of practical interest the parameters andor initial conditions entering the equations describing the evolution of the various quantities exhibit uncertainty one way to address the problem of how this uncertainty impacts the solution is to expand the solution using polynomial chaos expansions and obtain a system of differential equations for the evolution of the expansion coefficients we present an application of the morizwanzig mz formalism to the problem of constructing reduced models of such systems of differential equations in particular we construct reduced models for a subset of the polynomial chaos expansion coefficients that are needed for a full description of the uncertainty caused by uncertain parameters or initial conditions even though the mz formalism is exact its straightforward application to the problem of constructing reduced models for estimating uncertainty involves the computation of memory terms whose cost can become prohibitively expensive for those cases we present a markovian reformulation of the mz formalism which can lead to approximations that can alleviate some of the computational expense while retaining an accuracy advantage over reduced models that discard the memory altogether our results support the conclusion that successful reduced models need to include memory effects
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1,803.02827
Approaches to the Optimal Nonlinear Analysis of Microcalorimeter Pulses
We consider how to analyze microcalorimeter pulses for quantities that are nonlinear in the data, while preserving the signal-to-noise advantages of lin- ear optimal filtering. We successfully apply our chosen approach to compute the electrothermal feedback energy deficit (the "Joule energy") of a pulse, which has been proposed as a linear estimator of the deposited photon energy.
physics.ins-det physics.data-an
we consider how to analyze microcalorimeter pulses for quantities that are nonlinear in the data while preserving the signaltonoise advantages of lin ear optimal filtering we successfully apply our chosen approach to compute the electrothermal feedback energy deficit the joule energy of a pulse which has been proposed as a linear estimator of the deposited photon energy
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1,803.02828
Orbital Period Ratios and Fibonacci Numbers in Solar Planetary and Satellite Systems and in Exoplanetary Systems
It is shown that orbital period ratios of successive secondaries in the Solar planetary and giant satellite systems and in exoplanetary systems are preferentially closer to irreducible fractions formed with Fibonacci numbers between 1 and 8 than to other fractions, in a ratio of approximately 60% to 40%. Furthermore, if sets of minor planets are chosen with gradually smaller inclinations and eccentricities, the proximity to Fibonacci fractions of their period ratios with Jupiter or Mars$'$ period tends to increase. Finally, a simple model explains why the resonances with ratios of orbital periods $P_{1}$ and $P_{2}$ of successive secondaries being equal to ratio of small integers $p$ and $(p+q)$, $P_{1}/P_{2}=p/(p+q)$, are stronger and more commonly observed.
physics.pop-ph
it is shown that orbital period ratios of successive secondaries in the solar planetary and giant satellite systems and in exoplanetary systems are preferentially closer to irreducible fractions formed with fibonacci numbers between 1 and 8 than to other fractions in a ratio of approximately 60 to 40 furthermore if sets of minor planets are chosen with gradually smaller inclinations and eccentricities the proximity to fibonacci fractions of their period ratios with jupiter or mars period tends to increase finally a simple model explains why the resonances with ratios of orbital periods p_1 and p_2 of successive secondaries being equal to ratio of small integers p and pq p_1p_2ppq are stronger and more commonly observed
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1,803.02829
CSO CO(2-1) and Spitzer IRAC Observations of a Bipolar Outflow in High-mass Star-forming Region IRAS 22506+5944
We present Caltech Submillimeter Observatory CO (2-1) and Spitzer IRAC observations toward IRAS 22506+5944, which is a 10$^4$ $L_{\odot}$ massive star-forming region. The CO (2-1) maps show an east-west bipolar molecular outflow originating from the 3 mm dust continuum peak. The Spitzer IRAC color-composite image reveals a pair of bow-shaped tips which are prominent in excess 4.5 $\mu$m emission and are located to the leading fronts of the bipolar outflow, providing compelling evidence for the existence of bow-shocks as the driving agents of the molecular outflow. By comparing our CO (2-1) observations with previously published CO (1-0) data, we find that the CO (2-1)/(1-0) line ratio increases from low (~5 km s$^{-1}$) to moderate (~8 - 12 km s$^{-1}$) velocities, and then decreases at higher velocities. This is qualitatively consistent with the scenario that the molecular outflow is driven by multiple bow-shocks. We also revisit the position-velocity diagram of the CO (1-0) data, and find two spur structures along the outflow axis, which are further evidence for the presence of multiple jet bow-shocks. Finally, power-law fittings to the mass spectrum of the outflow gives power law indexes more consistent with the jet bow-shock model than the wide-angle wind model.
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.SR
we present caltech submillimeter observatory co 21 and spitzer irac observations toward iras 225065944 which is a 104 l_odot massive starforming region the co 21 maps show an eastwest bipolar molecular outflow originating from the 3 mm dust continuum peak the spitzer irac colorcomposite image reveals a pair of bowshaped tips which are prominent in excess 45 mum emission and are located to the leading fronts of the bipolar outflow providing compelling evidence for the existence of bowshocks as the driving agents of the molecular outflow by comparing our co 21 observations with previously published co 10 data we find that the co 2110 line ratio increases from low 5 km s1 to moderate 8 12 km s1 velocities and then decreases at higher velocities this is qualitatively consistent with the scenario that the molecular outflow is driven by multiple bowshocks we also revisit the positionvelocity diagram of the co 10 data and find two spur structures along the outflow axis which are further evidence for the presence of multiple jet bowshocks finally powerlaw fittings to the mass spectrum of the outflow gives power law indexes more consistent with the jet bowshock model than the wideangle wind model
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1,803.0283
Charting the AdS Islands of Stability with Multi-oscillators?
We propose the existence of an infinite-parameter family of solutions in AdS that oscillate on any number of non-commensurate frequencies. Some of these solutions appear stable when perturbed, and we suggest that they can be used to map out the AdS "islands of stability". By numerically constructing two-frequency solutions and exploring their parameter space, we find that both collapse and non-collapse are generic scenarios near AdS. Unlike other approaches, our results are valid on any timescale and do not rely on perturbation theory.
hep-th gr-qc
we propose the existence of an infiniteparameter family of solutions in ads that oscillate on any number of noncommensurate frequencies some of these solutions appear stable when perturbed and we suggest that they can be used to map out the ads islands of stability by numerically constructing twofrequency solutions and exploring their parameter space we find that both collapse and noncollapse are generic scenarios near ads unlike other approaches our results are valid on any timescale and do not rely on perturbation theory
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1,803.02831
Radio transients investigation with VLBI
The technique of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) can provide accurate localization and unique physical information about radio transients. However, it is still underutilized due to the inherent difficulties of VLBI data analysis and practical difficulties of organizing observations on short notice. We present a brief overview of the currently available VLBI arrays and observing strategies used to study long- and short-duration radio transients.
astro-ph.IM astro-ph.HE
the technique of very long baseline interferometry vlbi can provide accurate localization and unique physical information about radio transients however it is still underutilized due to the inherent difficulties of vlbi data analysis and practical difficulties of organizing observations on short notice we present a brief overview of the currently available vlbi arrays and observing strategies used to study long and shortduration radio transients
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1,803.02832
Kuiper Belt Analogues in Nearby M-type Planet-host Systems
We present the results of a Herschel survey of 21 late-type stars that host planets discovered by the radial velocity technique. The aims were to discover new disks in these systems and to search for any correlation between planet presence and disk properties. In addition to the known disk around GJ 581, we report the discovery of two new disks, in the GJ 433 and GJ 649 systems. Our sample therefore yields a disk detection rate of 14%, higher than the detection rate of 1.2% among our control sample of DEBRIS M-type stars with 98% confidence. Further analysis however shows that the disk sensitivity in the control sample is about a factor of two lower in fractional luminosity than for our survey, lowering the significance of any correlation between planet presence and disk brightness below 98%. In terms of their specific architectures, the disk around GJ 433 lies at a radius somewhere between 1 and 30au. The disk around GJ 649 lies somewhere between 6 and 30au, but is marginally resolved and appears more consistent with an edge-on inclination. In both cases the disks probably lie well beyond where the known planets reside (0.06-1.1au), but the lack of radial velocity sensitivity at larger separations allows for unseen Saturn-mass planets to orbit out to $\sim$5au, and more massive planets beyond 5au. The layout of these M-type systems appears similar to Sun-like star + disk systems with low-mass planets.
astro-ph.EP
we present the results of a herschel survey of 21 latetype stars that host planets discovered by the radial velocity technique the aims were to discover new disks in these systems and to search for any correlation between planet presence and disk properties in addition to the known disk around gj 581 we report the discovery of two new disks in the gj 433 and gj 649 systems our sample therefore yields a disk detection rate of 14 higher than the detection rate of 12 among our control sample of debris mtype stars with 98 confidence further analysis however shows that the disk sensitivity in the control sample is about a factor of two lower in fractional luminosity than for our survey lowering the significance of any correlation between planet presence and disk brightness below 98 in terms of their specific architectures the disk around gj 433 lies at a radius somewhere between 1 and 30au the disk around gj 649 lies somewhere between 6 and 30au but is marginally resolved and appears more consistent with an edgeon inclination in both cases the disks probably lie well beyond where the known planets reside 00611au but the lack of radial velocity sensitivity at larger separations allows for unseen saturnmass planets to orbit out to sim5au and more massive planets beyond 5au the layout of these mtype systems appears similar to sunlike star disk systems with lowmass planets
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1,803.02833
Half-Metallic Superconducting Triplet Spin MultiValves
We study spin switching effects in finite-size superconducting multivalve structures. We examine $\rm F_1F_2SF_3$ and $\rm F_1F_2SF_3F_4$ hybrids where a singlet superconductor ($\rm S$) layer is sandwiched among ferromagnet ($\rm F$) layers with differing thicknesses and magnetization orientations. Our results reveal a considerable number of experimentally viable spin valve configurations that lead to on-off switching of the superconducting state. For $\rm S$ widths on the order of the superconducting coherence length $\xi_0$, non-collinear magnetization orientations in adjacent $\rm F$ layers with multiple spin-axes leads to a rich variety of triplet spin-valve effects. Motivated by recent experiments, we focus on samples where magnetizations in the $\rm F_1$ and $\rm F_4$ layers exist in a fully spin-polarized half metallic phase, and calculate the superconducting transition temperature, spatially and energy resolved density of states, and the spin-singlet and spin-triplet superconducting correlations. Our findings demonstrate that superconductivity in these devices can be completely switched on or off over a wide range of magnetization misalignment angles due to the generation of equal-spin and opposite-spin triplet pairings.
cond-mat.supr-con
we study spin switching effects in finitesize superconducting multivalve structures we examine rm f_1f_2sf_3 and rm f_1f_2sf_3f_4 hybrids where a singlet superconductor rm s layer is sandwiched among ferromagnet rm f layers with differing thicknesses and magnetization orientations our results reveal a considerable number of experimentally viable spin valve configurations that lead to onoff switching of the superconducting state for rm s widths on the order of the superconducting coherence length xi_0 noncollinear magnetization orientations in adjacent rm f layers with multiple spinaxes leads to a rich variety of triplet spinvalve effects motivated by recent experiments we focus on samples where magnetizations in the rm f_1 and rm f_4 layers exist in a fully spinpolarized half metallic phase and calculate the superconducting transition temperature spatially and energy resolved density of states and the spinsinglet and spintriplet superconducting correlations our findings demonstrate that superconductivity in these devices can be completely switched on or off over a wide range of magnetization misalignment angles due to the generation of equalspin and oppositespin triplet pairings
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1,803.02834
Fundamental limits to quantum channel discrimination
What is the ultimate performance for discriminating two arbitrary quantum channels acting on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space? Here we address this basic question by deriving a general and fundamental lower bound. More precisely, we investigate the symmetric discrimination of two arbitrary qudit channels by means of the most general protocols based on adaptive (feedback-assisted) quantum operations. In this general scenario, we first show how port-based teleportation can be used to simplify these adaptive protocols into a much simpler non-adaptive form, designing a new type of teleportation stretching. Then, we prove that the minimum error probability affecting the channel discrimination cannot beat a bound determined by the Choi matrices of the channels, establishing a general, yet computable formula for quantum hypothesis testing. As a consequence of this bound, we derive ultimate limits and no-go theorems for adaptive quantum illumination and single-photon quantum optical resolution. Finally, we show how the methodology can also be applied to other tasks, such as quantum metrology, quantum communication and secret key generation.
quant-ph cond-mat.other physics.optics
what is the ultimate performance for discriminating two arbitrary quantum channels acting on a finitedimensional hilbert space here we address this basic question by deriving a general and fundamental lower bound more precisely we investigate the symmetric discrimination of two arbitrary qudit channels by means of the most general protocols based on adaptive feedbackassisted quantum operations in this general scenario we first show how portbased teleportation can be used to simplify these adaptive protocols into a much simpler nonadaptive form designing a new type of teleportation stretching then we prove that the minimum error probability affecting the channel discrimination cannot beat a bound determined by the choi matrices of the channels establishing a general yet computable formula for quantum hypothesis testing as a consequence of this bound we derive ultimate limits and nogo theorems for adaptive quantum illumination and singlephoton quantum optical resolution finally we show how the methodology can also be applied to other tasks such as quantum metrology quantum communication and secret key generation
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1,803.02835
A new solar neutrino channel for grand-unification monopole searches
We identify a previously untapped discovery channel for grand-unification monopoles, arising from their ability to catalyse the direct decay of protons into monoenergetic 459 MeV antineutrinos within the Sun. Previous analyses omit this possibility as it necessarily involves an electroweak suppression factor, and instead search for the unsuppressed 20-50 MeV neutrinos produced via two-stage proton decays. By accounting for the relative difference in interaction cross section and experimental background at typical neutrino detection experiments, we demonstrate that this new channel in fact possesses greater discovery potential. As a case in point, using 5326 live days of Super-Kamiokande exposure we find that $2\;\sigma$ ($3\;\sigma$) deviations in the 20-50 MeV channel are amplified to $3\;\sigma$ ($4.6\;\sigma$) deviations in the 459 MeV case. Exploiting correlations between these two channels may also offer even greater statistical power.
hep-ph astro-ph.HE astro-ph.SR
we identify a previously untapped discovery channel for grandunification monopoles arising from their ability to catalyse the direct decay of protons into monoenergetic 459 mev antineutrinos within the sun previous analyses omit this possibility as it necessarily involves an electroweak suppression factor and instead search for the unsuppressed 2050 mev neutrinos produced via twostage proton decays by accounting for the relative difference in interaction cross section and experimental background at typical neutrino detection experiments we demonstrate that this new channel in fact possesses greater discovery potential as a case in point using 5326 live days of superkamiokande exposure we find that 2sigma 3sigma deviations in the 2050 mev channel are amplified to 3sigma 46sigma deviations in the 459 mev case exploiting correlations between these two channels may also offer even greater statistical power
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1,803.02836
Quantifying quantum invasiveness
We propose a resource theory of the quantum invasiveness of general quantum operations, i.e., those defined by quantum channels in Leggett-Garg scenarios. We are then able to compare the resource-theoretic framework of quantum invasiveness to the resource theory of coherence. We also show that the Fisher information is a quantifier of quantum invasiveness. This result allows us to establish a direct connection between the concept of quantum invasiveness and quantum metrology, by exploring the utility of the definition of quantum invasiveness in the context of metrological protocols.
quant-ph
we propose a resource theory of the quantum invasiveness of general quantum operations ie those defined by quantum channels in leggettgarg scenarios we are then able to compare the resourcetheoretic framework of quantum invasiveness to the resource theory of coherence we also show that the fisher information is a quantifier of quantum invasiveness this result allows us to establish a direct connection between the concept of quantum invasiveness and quantum metrology by exploring the utility of the definition of quantum invasiveness in the context of metrological protocols
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1,803.02837
Primordial Black Holes from String Inflation
We present a single-field string inflationary model which allows for the generation of primordial black holes in the low mass region where they can account for a significant fraction of the dark matter abundance. The potential is typical of type IIB fibre inflation models and features a plateau at CMB scales and a near inflection point at large distance scales where the power spectrum is enhanced due to a period of ultra slow-roll. The tunability of the underlying parameters is guaranteed by scanning through the string landscape and their stability against quantum corrections is ensured by an effective shift symmetry.
hep-th astro-ph.CO gr-qc hep-ph
we present a singlefield string inflationary model which allows for the generation of primordial black holes in the low mass region where they can account for a significant fraction of the dark matter abundance the potential is typical of type iib fibre inflation models and features a plateau at cmb scales and a near inflection point at large distance scales where the power spectrum is enhanced due to a period of ultra slowroll the tunability of the underlying parameters is guaranteed by scanning through the string landscape and their stability against quantum corrections is ensured by an effective shift symmetry
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1,803.02838
Beyond many-body localized states in a spin-disordered Hubbard model with pseudo-spin symmetry
A prime characterization of many-body localized (MBL) systems is the entanglement of their eigenstates; in contrast to the typical ergodic phase whose eigenstates are volume law, MBL eigenstates obey an area law. In this work, we show that a spin-disordered Hubbard model has both a large number of area-law eigenstates as well as a large number of eigenstates whose entanglement scales logarithmically with system size (log-law). This model, then, is a microscopic Hamiltonian which is neither ergodic nor many-body localized. We establish these results through a combination of analytic arguments based on the eta-pairing operators combined with a numerical analysis of eigenstates. In addition, we describe and simulate a dynamic time evolution approach starting from product states through which one can separately probe the area law and log-law eigenstates in this system.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.str-el
a prime characterization of manybody localized mbl systems is the entanglement of their eigenstates in contrast to the typical ergodic phase whose eigenstates are volume law mbl eigenstates obey an area law in this work we show that a spindisordered hubbard model has both a large number of arealaw eigenstates as well as a large number of eigenstates whose entanglement scales logarithmically with system size loglaw this model then is a microscopic hamiltonian which is neither ergodic nor manybody localized we establish these results through a combination of analytic arguments based on the etapairing operators combined with a numerical analysis of eigenstates in addition we describe and simulate a dynamic time evolution approach starting from product states through which one can separately probe the area law and loglaw eigenstates in this system
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1,803.02839
The emergent algebraic structure of RNNs and embeddings in NLP
We examine the algebraic and geometric properties of a uni-directional GRU and word embeddings trained end-to-end on a text classification task. A hyperparameter search over word embedding dimension, GRU hidden dimension, and a linear combination of the GRU outputs is performed. We conclude that words naturally embed themselves in a Lie group and that RNNs form a nonlinear representation of the group. Appealing to these results, we propose a novel class of recurrent-like neural networks and a word embedding scheme.
cs.CL cs.AI stat.ML
we examine the algebraic and geometric properties of a unidirectional gru and word embeddings trained endtoend on a text classification task a hyperparameter search over word embedding dimension gru hidden dimension and a linear combination of the gru outputs is performed we conclude that words naturally embed themselves in a lie group and that rnns form a nonlinear representation of the group appealing to these results we propose a novel class of recurrentlike neural networks and a word embedding scheme
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1,803.0284
Interstellar object 'Oumuamua as an extinct fragment of an ejected cometary planetesimal
'Oumuamua was discovered passing through our Solar System on a hyperbolic orbit. It presents an apparent contradiction, with colors similar to those of volatile-rich Solar System bodies but with no visible outgassing or activity during its close approach to the Sun. Here we show that this contradiction can be explained by the dynamics of planetesimal ejection by giant planets. We propose that 'Oumuamua is an extinct fragment of a comet-like planetesimal born in a planet-forming disk that also formed Neptune- to Jupiter-mass giant planets. On its pathway to ejection 'Oumuamua's parent body underwent a close encounter with a giant planet and was tidally disrupted into small pieces, similar to comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's disruption after passing close to Jupiter. We use dynamical simulations to show that 0.1-1% of cometary planetesimals undergo disruptive encounters prior to ejection. Rocky asteroidal planetesimals are unlikely to disrupt due to their higher densities. After disruption, the bulk of fragments undergo enough close passages to their host stars to lose their surface volatiles and become extinct. Planetesimal fragments such as 'Oumuamua contain little of the mass in the population of interstellar objects but dominate by number. Our model makes predictions that will be tested in the coming decade by LSST.
astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR physics.geo-ph
oumuamua was discovered passing through our solar system on a hyperbolic orbit it presents an apparent contradiction with colors similar to those of volatilerich solar system bodies but with no visible outgassing or activity during its close approach to the sun here we show that this contradiction can be explained by the dynamics of planetesimal ejection by giant planets we propose that oumuamua is an extinct fragment of a cometlike planetesimal born in a planetforming disk that also formed neptune to jupitermass giant planets on its pathway to ejection oumuamuas parent body underwent a close encounter with a giant planet and was tidally disrupted into small pieces similar to comet shoemakerlevy 9s disruption after passing close to jupiter we use dynamical simulations to show that 011 of cometary planetesimals undergo disruptive encounters prior to ejection rocky asteroidal planetesimals are unlikely to disrupt due to their higher densities after disruption the bulk of fragments undergo enough close passages to their host stars to lose their surface volatiles and become extinct planetesimal fragments such as oumuamua contain little of the mass in the population of interstellar objects but dominate by number our model makes predictions that will be tested in the coming decade by lsst
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1,803.02841
Affine and bilinear systems on Lie groups
In this paper we study affine and bilinear systems on Lie groups. We show that there is an intrinsic connection between the solutions of both systems. Such relation allows us to obtain some preliminary controllability results of affne systems on compact and solvable Lie groups. We also show that the controllability property of bilinear systems is very restricted and may only be achieved if the state space G is an Euclidean space.
math.DS
in this paper we study affine and bilinear systems on lie groups we show that there is an intrinsic connection between the solutions of both systems such relation allows us to obtain some preliminary controllability results of affne systems on compact and solvable lie groups we also show that the controllability property of bilinear systems is very restricted and may only be achieved if the state space g is an euclidean space
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1,803.02842
Bisecting measures with hyperplane arrangements
We show that when $n$ is a power of two, any $nD$ measures in $\mathbb{R}^n$ can be bisected by an arrangement of $D$ hyperplanes.
math.AT math.MG
we show that when n is a power of two any nd measures in mathbbrn can be bisected by an arrangement of d hyperplanes
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1,803.02843
Flip procedure in geometric approximation of multiple-component shapes -- Application to multiple-inclusion detection
We are interested in geometric approximation by parameterization of two-dimensional multiple-component shapes, in particular when the number of components is a priori unknown. Starting a standard method based on successive shape deformations with a one-component initial shape in order to approximate a multiple-component target shape usually leads the deformation flow to make the boundary evolve until it surrounds all the components of the target shape. This classical phenomenon tends to create double points on the boundary of the approximated shape. In order to improve the approximation of multiple-component shapes (without any knowledge on the number of components in advance), we use in this paper a piecewise B\'ezier parameterization and we consider two procedures called intersecting control polygons detection and flip procedure. The first one allows to prevent potential collisions between two parts of the boundary of the approximated shape, and the second one permits to change its topology by dividing a one-component shape into a two-component shape. For an experimental purpose, we include these two processes in a basic geometrical shape optimization algorithm and test it on the classical inverse obstacle problem. This new approach allows to obtain a numerical approximation of the unknown inclusion, detecting both the topology (i.e. the number of connected components) and the shape of the obstacle. Several numerical simulations are performed.
math.OC
we are interested in geometric approximation by parameterization of twodimensional multiplecomponent shapes in particular when the number of components is a priori unknown starting a standard method based on successive shape deformations with a onecomponent initial shape in order to approximate a multiplecomponent target shape usually leads the deformation flow to make the boundary evolve until it surrounds all the components of the target shape this classical phenomenon tends to create double points on the boundary of the approximated shape in order to improve the approximation of multiplecomponent shapes without any knowledge on the number of components in advance we use in this paper a piecewise bezier parameterization and we consider two procedures called intersecting control polygons detection and flip procedure the first one allows to prevent potential collisions between two parts of the boundary of the approximated shape and the second one permits to change its topology by dividing a onecomponent shape into a twocomponent shape for an experimental purpose we include these two processes in a basic geometrical shape optimization algorithm and test it on the classical inverse obstacle problem this new approach allows to obtain a numerical approximation of the unknown inclusion detecting both the topology ie the number of connected components and the shape of the obstacle several numerical simulations are performed
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1,803.02844
Rydberg atoms based creation of N particle GHZ state using STIRAP
Schemes for creation of N particle entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are important for understanding multi-particle non-classical correlations. Here, a theoretical scheme for creation of a multi-particle GHZ state implemented on a target ensemble of N, $\Lambda$ three-level Rydberg atoms and a single Rydberg atom as a control using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) is presented. We work in the Rydberg blockade regime for the ensemble atoms induced due to excitation of the control atom to a high lying Rydberg level. It is shown that using STIRAP, atoms from one ground state of the ensemble can be adiabatically transferred to the other ground state, depending on the state of the control atom with high fidelity. Measurement of the control atom in a specific basis after this conditional transfer facilitates one-step creation of a N particle GHZ state. A thorough analysis of adiabatic conditions for this scheme and the influence of radiative decay from the excited Rydberg levels is presented. We show that this scheme is immune to the decay rate of the excited level in ensemble atoms and provides a robust way of creating GHZ states.
quant-ph
schemes for creation of n particle entangled greenbergerhornezeilinger ghz states are important for understanding multiparticle nonclassical correlations here a theoretical scheme for creation of a multiparticle ghz state implemented on a target ensemble of n lambda threelevel rydberg atoms and a single rydberg atom as a control using stimulated raman adiabatic passage stirap is presented we work in the rydberg blockade regime for the ensemble atoms induced due to excitation of the control atom to a high lying rydberg level it is shown that using stirap atoms from one ground state of the ensemble can be adiabatically transferred to the other ground state depending on the state of the control atom with high fidelity measurement of the control atom in a specific basis after this conditional transfer facilitates onestep creation of a n particle ghz state a thorough analysis of adiabatic conditions for this scheme and the influence of radiative decay from the excited rydberg levels is presented we show that this scheme is immune to the decay rate of the excited level in ensemble atoms and provides a robust way of creating ghz states
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1,803.02845
Black Hole Echology: The Observer's Manual
While recent detections of gravitational waves from the mergers of binary black holes match well with the predictions of General Relativity (GR), they cannot directly confirm the existence of event horizons. Exotic compact objects (ECOs) are motivated by quantum models of black holes, and can have exotic structure (or a "wall") just outside the (would-be) horizon. ECOs produce similar ringdown waveforms to the GR black holes, but they are followed by delayed "echoes". By solving linearized Einstein equations we can model these echoes and provide analytic templates that can be used to compare to observations. For concreteness, we consider GW150914 event, detected by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration, and study the model dependence of its echo properties. We find that echoes are reasonably approximated by complex gaussians, with amplitudes that decay as a power law in time, while their width in time (frequency) grows (shrinks) over subsequent echoes. We also show that trapped modes between a perfectly reflecting wall and angular momentum barrier in Kerr metric can exhibit superradiant instability over long times, as expected.
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
while recent detections of gravitational waves from the mergers of binary black holes match well with the predictions of general relativity gr they cannot directly confirm the existence of event horizons exotic compact objects ecos are motivated by quantum models of black holes and can have exotic structure or a wall just outside the wouldbe horizon ecos produce similar ringdown waveforms to the gr black holes but they are followed by delayed echoes by solving linearized einstein equations we can model these echoes and provide analytic templates that can be used to compare to observations for concreteness we consider gw150914 event detected by the ligovirgo collaboration and study the model dependence of its echo properties we find that echoes are reasonably approximated by complex gaussians with amplitudes that decay as a power law in time while their width in time frequency grows shrinks over subsequent echoes we also show that trapped modes between a perfectly reflecting wall and angular momentum barrier in kerr metric can exhibit superradiant instability over long times as expected
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1,803.02846
BSMPT - Beyond the Standard Model Phase Transitions -A Tool for the Electroweak Phase Transition in Extended Higgs Sectors
We provide the C++ tool BSMPT for calculating the strength of the electroweak phase transition in extended Higgs sectors. This relies on the loop-corrected effective potential at finite temperature including daisy resummation of the bosonic masses. The program allows to compute the vacuum expectation value (VEV) $v$ of the potential as a function of the temperature, and in particular the critical VEV $v_c$ at the temperature $T_c$ where the phase transition takes place. In addition, the loop-corrected trilinear Higgs self-couplings are provided. We apply an 'on-shell' renormalization scheme in the sense that the loop-corrected masses and mixing angles are required to be equal to their tree-level input values. This allows for efficient scans in the parameter space of the models. The models implemented so far are the CP-conserving and the CP-violating 2-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDM) and the Next-to-Minimal 2HDM (N2HDM). The program structure is such that the user can easily implement further models. Our tool can be used for the investigation of electroweak baryogenesis in models with extended Higgs sectors and the related Higgs self-couplings. The combination with parameter scans in the respective models allows to study the impact on collider phenomenology and to make a link between collider phenomenology and cosmology. The program package can be downloaded at: https://github.com/phbasler/BSMPT.
hep-ph
we provide the c tool bsmpt for calculating the strength of the electroweak phase transition in extended higgs sectors this relies on the loopcorrected effective potential at finite temperature including daisy resummation of the bosonic masses the program allows to compute the vacuum expectation value vev v of the potential as a function of the temperature and in particular the critical vev v_c at the temperature t_c where the phase transition takes place in addition the loopcorrected trilinear higgs selfcouplings are provided we apply an onshell renormalization scheme in the sense that the loopcorrected masses and mixing angles are required to be equal to their treelevel input values this allows for efficient scans in the parameter space of the models the models implemented so far are the cpconserving and the cpviolating 2higgsdoublet models 2hdm and the nexttominimal 2hdm n2hdm the program structure is such that the user can easily implement further models our tool can be used for the investigation of electroweak baryogenesis in models with extended higgs sectors and the related higgs selfcouplings the combination with parameter scans in the respective models allows to study the impact on collider phenomenology and to make a link between collider phenomenology and cosmology the program package can be downloaded at httpsgithubcomphbaslerbsmpt
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1,803.02847
Multiple Gaps in the Disk of the Class I Protostar GY 91
We present the highest spatial resolution ALMA observations to date of the Class I protostar GY 91 in the $\rho$ Ophiuchus L1688 molecular cloud complex. Our 870 $\mu$m and 3 mm dust continuum maps show that the GY 91 disk has a radius of $\sim$80 AU, and an inclination of $\sim$40$^{\circ}$, but most interestingly that the disk has three dark lanes located at 10 AU, 40 AU, and 70 AU. We model these features assuming they are gaps in the disk surface density profile and find that their widths are 7 AU, 30 AU, and 10 AU. These gaps bear a striking resemblance to the gaps seen in the HL Tau disk, suggesting that there may be Saturn-mass planets hiding in the disk. To constrain the relative ages of GY 91 and HL Tau, we also model the disk and envelope of HL Tau and find that they are of similar ages, although GY 91 may be younger. Although snow lines and magnetic dead zones can also produce dark lanes, if planets are indeed carving these gaps then Saturn-mass planets must form within the first $\sim$0.5 Myr of the lifetime of protoplanetary disks.
astro-ph.SR astro-ph.EP
we present the highest spatial resolution alma observations to date of the class i protostar gy 91 in the rho ophiuchus l1688 molecular cloud complex our 870 mum and 3 mm dust continuum maps show that the gy 91 disk has a radius of sim80 au and an inclination of sim40circ but most interestingly that the disk has three dark lanes located at 10 au 40 au and 70 au we model these features assuming they are gaps in the disk surface density profile and find that their widths are 7 au 30 au and 10 au these gaps bear a striking resemblance to the gaps seen in the hl tau disk suggesting that there may be saturnmass planets hiding in the disk to constrain the relative ages of gy 91 and hl tau we also model the disk and envelope of hl tau and find that they are of similar ages although gy 91 may be younger although snow lines and magnetic dead zones can also produce dark lanes if planets are indeed carving these gaps then saturnmass planets must form within the first sim05 myr of the lifetime of protoplanetary disks
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1,803.02848
The Randomized Kaczmarz Method with Mismatched Adjoint
This paper investigates the randomized version of the Kaczmarz method to solve linear systems in the case where the adjoint of the system matrix is not exact---a situation we refer to as "mismatched adjoint". We show that the method may still converge both in the over- and underdetermined consistent case under appropriate conditions, and we calculate the expected asymptotic rate of linear convergence. Moreover, we analyze the inconsistent case and obtain results for the method with mismatched adjoint as for the standard method. Finally, we derive a method to compute optimized probabilities for the choice of the rows and illustrate our findings with numerical example.
math.NA cs.NA math.OC
this paper investigates the randomized version of the kaczmarz method to solve linear systems in the case where the adjoint of the system matrix is not exacta situation we refer to as mismatched adjoint we show that the method may still converge both in the over and underdetermined consistent case under appropriate conditions and we calculate the expected asymptotic rate of linear convergence moreover we analyze the inconsistent case and obtain results for the method with mismatched adjoint as for the standard method finally we derive a method to compute optimized probabilities for the choice of the rows and illustrate our findings with numerical example
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1,803.02849
Good Distance Lattices from High Dimensional Expanders
We show a new framework for constructing good distance lattices from high dimensional expanders. For error-correcting codes, which have a similar flavor as lattices, there is a known framework that yields good codes from expanders. However, prior to our work, there has been no framework that yields good distance lattices directly from expanders. Interestingly, we need the notion of high dimensional expansion (and not only one dimensional expansion) for obtaining large distance lattices which are dense. Our construction is obtained by proving the existence of bounded degree high dimensional cosystolic expanders over any ring, and in particular over $\mathbb{Z}$. Previous bounded degree cosystolic expanders were known only over $\mathbb{F}_2$. The proof of the cosystolic expansion over any ring is composed of two main steps, each of an independent interest: We show that coboundary expansion over any ring of the links of a bounded degree complex implies that the complex is a cosystolic expander over any ring. We then prove that all the links of Ramanujan complexes (which are called spherical buildings) are coboundary expanders over any ring. We follow the strategy of [LMM16] for proving that the spherical building is a coboundary expander over any ring. Besides of generalizing their proof from $\mathbb{F}_2$ to any ring, we present it in a detailed way, which might serve readers with less background who wish to get into the field.
cs.CC math.CO
we show a new framework for constructing good distance lattices from high dimensional expanders for errorcorrecting codes which have a similar flavor as lattices there is a known framework that yields good codes from expanders however prior to our work there has been no framework that yields good distance lattices directly from expanders interestingly we need the notion of high dimensional expansion and not only one dimensional expansion for obtaining large distance lattices which are dense our construction is obtained by proving the existence of bounded degree high dimensional cosystolic expanders over any ring and in particular over mathbbz previous bounded degree cosystolic expanders were known only over mathbbf_2 the proof of the cosystolic expansion over any ring is composed of two main steps each of an independent interest we show that coboundary expansion over any ring of the links of a bounded degree complex implies that the complex is a cosystolic expander over any ring we then prove that all the links of ramanujan complexes which are called spherical buildings are coboundary expanders over any ring we follow the strategy of lmm16 for proving that the spherical building is a coboundary expander over any ring besides of generalizing their proof from mathbbf_2 to any ring we present it in a detailed way which might serve readers with less background who wish to get into the field
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1,803.0285
Circular and magnetoinduced photocurrents in Weyl semimetals
We develop a theory of the direct interband and indirect intraband photogalvanic effects in Weyl semimetals belonging to the gyrotropic classes with improper symmetry operations. At zero magnetic field, an excitation of such a material with circularly polarized light leads to a photocurrent whose direction depends on the light helicity. We show that in the semimetals of the C$_{2v}$ symmetry, an allowance for the tilt term in the effective Hamiltonian is enough to prevent cancellation of the photocurrent contributions from the Weyl cones of opposite chiralities. In the case of the C$_{4v}$ symmetry, in addition to the tilt it is necessary to include terms of the second- or third-order in the electron quasi-momentum. For indirect intraband transitions, the helicity-dependent photocurrent generated within each Weyl node takes on a universal value determined by the fundamental constants, the light frequency and electric field. We have complementarily investigated the magneto-gyrotropic photogalvanic effect, i.e. an appearance of a photocurrent under unpolarized excitation in a magnetic field. In quantized magnetic fields, the photocurrent is caused by optical transitions between the one-dimensional magnetic subbands. A value of the photocurrent is particularly high if one of the photocarriers is excited to the chiral subband with the energy below the cyclotron energy.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we develop a theory of the direct interband and indirect intraband photogalvanic effects in weyl semimetals belonging to the gyrotropic classes with improper symmetry operations at zero magnetic field an excitation of such a material with circularly polarized light leads to a photocurrent whose direction depends on the light helicity we show that in the semimetals of the c_2v symmetry an allowance for the tilt term in the effective hamiltonian is enough to prevent cancellation of the photocurrent contributions from the weyl cones of opposite chiralities in the case of the c_4v symmetry in addition to the tilt it is necessary to include terms of the second or thirdorder in the electron quasimomentum for indirect intraband transitions the helicitydependent photocurrent generated within each weyl node takes on a universal value determined by the fundamental constants the light frequency and electric field we have complementarily investigated the magnetogyrotropic photogalvanic effect ie an appearance of a photocurrent under unpolarized excitation in a magnetic field in quantized magnetic fields the photocurrent is caused by optical transitions between the onedimensional magnetic subbands a value of the photocurrent is particularly high if one of the photocarriers is excited to the chiral subband with the energy below the cyclotron energy
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1,803.02851
Ion Traps at the Sun: Implications for Elemental Fractionation
Why the tenuous solar outer atmosphere, or corona, is much hotter than the underlying layers remains one of the greatest challenge for solar modeling. Detailed diagnostics of the coronal thermal structure come from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission. The EUV emission is produced by heavy ions in various ionization states and depends on the amount of these ions and on plasma temperature and density. Any nonuniformity of the elemental distribution in space or variability in time affects thermal diagnostics of the corona. Here we theoretically predict ionized chemical element concentrations in some areas of the solar atmosphere, where the electric current is directed upward. We then detect these areas observationally, by comparing the electric current density with the EUV brightness in an active region. We found a significant excess in EUV brightness in the areas with positive current density rather than negative. Therefore, we report the observational discovery of substantial concentrations of heavy ions in current-carrying magnetic flux tubes, which might have important implications for the elemental fractionation in the solar corona known as the first ionization potential (FIP) effect. We call such areas of heavy ion concentration the "ion traps." These traps hold enhanced ion levels until they are disrupted by a flare whether large or small.
astro-ph.SR
why the tenuous solar outer atmosphere or corona is much hotter than the underlying layers remains one of the greatest challenge for solar modeling detailed diagnostics of the coronal thermal structure come from extreme ultraviolet euv emission the euv emission is produced by heavy ions in various ionization states and depends on the amount of these ions and on plasma temperature and density any nonuniformity of the elemental distribution in space or variability in time affects thermal diagnostics of the corona here we theoretically predict ionized chemical element concentrations in some areas of the solar atmosphere where the electric current is directed upward we then detect these areas observationally by comparing the electric current density with the euv brightness in an active region we found a significant excess in euv brightness in the areas with positive current density rather than negative therefore we report the observational discovery of substantial concentrations of heavy ions in currentcarrying magnetic flux tubes which might have important implications for the elemental fractionation in the solar corona known as the first ionization potential fip effect we call such areas of heavy ion concentration the ion traps these traps hold enhanced ion levels until they are disrupted by a flare whether large or small
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1,803.02852
Value Alignment, Fair Play, and the Rights of Service Robots
Ethics and safety research in artificial intelligence is increasingly framed in terms of "alignment" with human values and interests. I argue that Turing's call for "fair play for machines" is an early and often overlooked contribution to the alignment literature. Turing's appeal to fair play suggests a need to correct human behavior to accommodate our machines, a surprising inversion of how value alignment is treated today. Reflections on "fair play" motivate a novel interpretation of Turing's notorious "imitation game" as a condition not of intelligence but instead of value alignment: a machine demonstrates a minimal degree of alignment (with the norms of conversation, for instance) when it can go undetected when interrogated by a human. I carefully distinguish this interpretation from the Moral Turing Test, which is not motivated by a principle of fair play, but instead depends on imitation of human moral behavior. Finally, I consider how the framework of fair play can be used to situate the debate over robot rights within the alignment literature. I argue that extending rights to service robots operating in public spaces is "fair" in precisely the sense that it encourages an alignment of interests between humans and machines.
cs.CY cs.AI
ethics and safety research in artificial intelligence is increasingly framed in terms of alignment with human values and interests i argue that turings call for fair play for machines is an early and often overlooked contribution to the alignment literature turings appeal to fair play suggests a need to correct human behavior to accommodate our machines a surprising inversion of how value alignment is treated today reflections on fair play motivate a novel interpretation of turings notorious imitation game as a condition not of intelligence but instead of value alignment a machine demonstrates a minimal degree of alignment with the norms of conversation for instance when it can go undetected when interrogated by a human i carefully distinguish this interpretation from the moral turing test which is not motivated by a principle of fair play but instead depends on imitation of human moral behavior finally i consider how the framework of fair play can be used to situate the debate over robot rights within the alignment literature i argue that extending rights to service robots operating in public spaces is fair in precisely the sense that it encourages an alignment of interests between humans and machines
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1,803.02853
A remark on two notions of order of contact
We recall two measurements of the order of contact of an ideal in the ring of germs of holomorphic functions at a point and we provide a class of examples in which they differ.
math.CV
we recall two measurements of the order of contact of an ideal in the ring of germs of holomorphic functions at a point and we provide a class of examples in which they differ
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1,803.02854
A family of singular integral operators which control the Cauchy transform
We study the behaviour of singular integral operators $T_{k_t}$ of convolution type on $\mathbb{C}$ associated with the parametric kernels $$ k_t(z):=\frac{(\Re z)^{3}}{|z|^{4}}+t\cdot \frac{\Re z}{|z|^{2}}, \quad t\in \mathbb{R},\qquad k_\infty(z):=\frac{\Re z}{|z|^{2}}\equiv \Re \frac{1}{z},\quad z\in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}. $$ It is shown that for any positive locally finite Borel measure with linear growth the corresponding $L^2$-norm of $T_{k_0}$ controls the $L^2$-norm of $T_{k_\infty}$ and thus of the Cauchy transform. As a corollary, we prove that the $L^2(\mathcal{H}^1\lfloor E)$-boundedness of $T_{k_t}$ with a fixed $t\in (-t_0,0)$, where $t_0>0$ is an absolute constant, implies that $E$ is rectifiable. This is so in spite of the fact that the usual curvature method fails to be applicable in this case. Moreover, as a corollary of our techniques, we provide an alternative and simpler proof of the bi-Lipschitz invariance of the $L^2$-boundedness of the Cauchy transform, which is the key ingredient for the bi-Lipschitz invariance of analytic capacity.
math.CA
we study the behaviour of singular integral operators t_k_t of convolution type on mathbbc associated with the parametric kernels k_tzfracre z3z4tcdot fracre zz2 quad tin mathbbrqquad k_inftyzfracre zz2equiv re frac1zquad zin mathbbcsetminus0 it is shown that for any positive locally finite borel measure with linear growth the corresponding l2norm of t_k_0 controls the l2norm of t_k_infty and thus of the cauchy transform as a corollary we prove that the l2mathcalh1lfloor eboundedness of t_k_t with a fixed tin t_00 where t_00 is an absolute constant implies that e is rectifiable this is so in spite of the fact that the usual curvature method fails to be applicable in this case moreover as a corollary of our techniques we provide an alternative and simpler proof of the bilipschitz invariance of the l2boundedness of the cauchy transform which is the key ingredient for the bilipschitz invariance of analytic capacity
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1,803.02855
Satisficing in Time-Sensitive Bandit Learning
Much of the recent literature on bandit learning focuses on algorithms that aim to converge on an optimal action. One shortcoming is that this orientation does not account for time sensitivity, which can play a crucial role when learning an optimal action requires much more information than near-optimal ones. Indeed, popular approaches such as upper-confidence-bound methods and Thompson sampling can fare poorly in such situations. We consider instead learning a satisficing action, which is near-optimal while requiring less information, and propose satisficing Thompson sampling, an algorithm that serves this purpose. We establish a general bound on expected discounted regret and study the application of satisficing Thompson sampling to linear and infinite-armed bandits, demonstrating arbitrarily large benefits over Thompson sampling. We also discuss the relation between the notion of satisficing and the theory of rate distortion, which offers guidance on the selection of satisficing actions.
cs.LG cs.AI
much of the recent literature on bandit learning focuses on algorithms that aim to converge on an optimal action one shortcoming is that this orientation does not account for time sensitivity which can play a crucial role when learning an optimal action requires much more information than nearoptimal ones indeed popular approaches such as upperconfidencebound methods and thompson sampling can fare poorly in such situations we consider instead learning a satisficing action which is nearoptimal while requiring less information and propose satisficing thompson sampling an algorithm that serves this purpose we establish a general bound on expected discounted regret and study the application of satisficing thompson sampling to linear and infinitearmed bandits demonstrating arbitrarily large benefits over thompson sampling we also discuss the relation between the notion of satisficing and the theory of rate distortion which offers guidance on the selection of satisficing actions
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1,803.02856
A Passive Re-Directing Van Atta Type Reflector
The Van Atta retro-reflector can be envisioned as a self-phasing antenna array; a phase gradient, naturally induced by an external incident wave, is inverted so the device re-radiates back towards the incident direction. This Letter demonstrates how to re-direct the re-radiated beam through passive alteration of this phase gradient. For this purpose, crosspropagating isolation is required between the incident and reradiated signal paths. To this end, polarization duplexing can be used to achieve this isolation with a passive and reciprocal structure. To provide further demonstration, a 4-element redirective array is designed and fabricated to offset its re-radiated beam by -15{\deg} from incidence. Performance is then verified using fullwave electromagnetic simulation and experimental radiation pattern measurements. It is found that the -15{\deg} angular offset is effectively retained over a wide range of incidence angles.
physics.app-ph
the van atta retroreflector can be envisioned as a selfphasing antenna array a phase gradient naturally induced by an external incident wave is inverted so the device reradiates back towards the incident direction this letter demonstrates how to redirect the reradiated beam through passive alteration of this phase gradient for this purpose crosspropagating isolation is required between the incident and reradiated signal paths to this end polarization duplexing can be used to achieve this isolation with a passive and reciprocal structure to provide further demonstration a 4element redirective array is designed and fabricated to offset its reradiated beam by 15deg from incidence performance is then verified using fullwave electromagnetic simulation and experimental radiation pattern measurements it is found that the 15deg angular offset is effectively retained over a wide range of incidence angles
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1,803.02857
Gerrymandering and Compactness: Implementation Flexibility and Abuse
Political districts may be drawn to favor one group or political party over another, or gerrymandered. A number of measurements have been suggested as ways to detect and prevent such behavior. These measures give concrete axes along which districts and districting plans can be compared. However, measurement values are affected by both noise and the compounding effects of seemingly innocuous implementation decisions. Such issues will arise for any measure. As a case study demonstrating the effect, we show that commonly-used measures of geometric compactness for district boundaries are affected by several factors irrelevant to fairness or compliance with civil rights law. We further show that an adversary could manipulate measurements to affect the assessment of a given plan. This instability complicates using these measurements as legislative or judicial standards to counteract unfair redistricting practices. This paper accompanies the release of packages in C++, Python, and R that correctly, efficiently, and reproducibly calculate a variety of compactness scores.
cs.CY cs.CG
political districts may be drawn to favor one group or political party over another or gerrymandered a number of measurements have been suggested as ways to detect and prevent such behavior these measures give concrete axes along which districts and districting plans can be compared however measurement values are affected by both noise and the compounding effects of seemingly innocuous implementation decisions such issues will arise for any measure as a case study demonstrating the effect we show that commonlyused measures of geometric compactness for district boundaries are affected by several factors irrelevant to fairness or compliance with civil rights law we further show that an adversary could manipulate measurements to affect the assessment of a given plan this instability complicates using these measurements as legislative or judicial standards to counteract unfair redistricting practices this paper accompanies the release of packages in c python and r that correctly efficiently and reproducibly calculate a variety of compactness scores
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1,803.02858
Two warm, low-density sub-Jovian planets orbiting bright stars in K2 campaigns 13 and 14
We report the discovery of two planets transiting the bright stars HD 89345 (EPIC 248777106, $V=9.376$, $K=7.721$) in K2 Campaign 14 and HD 286123 (EPIC 247098361, $V=9.822$, $K=8.434$) in K2 Campaign 13. Both stars are G-type stars, one of which is at or near the end of its main sequence lifetime, and the other that is just over halfway through its main sequence lifetime. HD 89345 hosts a warm sub-Saturn (0.66 $R_J$, 0.11 $M_J$, $T_\mathrm{eq}=1100$ K) in an 11.81-day orbit. The planet is similar in size to WASP-107b, which falls in the transition region between ice giants and gas giants. HD 286123 hosts a Jupiter-sized, low-mass planet (1.06 $R_J$, 0.39 $M_J$, $T_\mathrm{eq}=1000$ K) in an 11.17-day, mildly eccentric orbit, with $e=0.255\pm0.035$. Given that they orbit relatively evolved main-sequence stars and have orbital periods longer than 10 days, these planets are interesting candidates for studies of gas planet evolution, migration, and (potentially) re-inflation. Both planets have spent their entire lifetimes near the proposed stellar irradiation threshold at which giant planets become inflated, and neither shows any sign of radius inflation. They probe the regime where inflation begins to become noticeable and are valuable in constraining planet inflation models. In addition, the brightness of the host stars, combined with large atmospheric scale heights of the planets, makes these two systems favorable targets for transit spectroscopy to study their atmospheres and perhaps provide insight into the physical mechanisms that lead to inflated hot Jupiters.
astro-ph.EP
we report the discovery of two planets transiting the bright stars hd 89345 epic 248777106 v9376 k7721 in k2 campaign 14 and hd 286123 epic 247098361 v9822 k8434 in k2 campaign 13 both stars are gtype stars one of which is at or near the end of its main sequence lifetime and the other that is just over halfway through its main sequence lifetime hd 89345 hosts a warm subsaturn 066 r_j 011 m_j t_mathrmeq1100 k in an 1181day orbit the planet is similar in size to wasp107b which falls in the transition region between ice giants and gas giants hd 286123 hosts a jupitersized lowmass planet 106 r_j 039 m_j t_mathrmeq1000 k in an 1117day mildly eccentric orbit with e0255pm0035 given that they orbit relatively evolved mainsequence stars and have orbital periods longer than 10 days these planets are interesting candidates for studies of gas planet evolution migration and potentially reinflation both planets have spent their entire lifetimes near the proposed stellar irradiation threshold at which giant planets become inflated and neither shows any sign of radius inflation they probe the regime where inflation begins to become noticeable and are valuable in constraining planet inflation models in addition the brightness of the host stars combined with large atmospheric scale heights of the planets makes these two systems favorable targets for transit spectroscopy to study their atmospheres and perhaps provide insight into the physical mechanisms that lead to inflated hot jupiters
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1,803.02859
A Runaway Yellow Supergiant Star in the Small Magellanic Cloud
We recently discovered a yellow supergiant (YSG) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with a heliocentric radial velocity of ~300 km/s which is much larger than expected for a star in its location in the SMC. This is the first runaway YSG ever discovered and only the second evolved runaway star discovered in a different galaxy than the Milky Way. We classify the star as G5-8I, and use de-reddened broad-band colors with model atmospheres to determine an effective temperature of 4700+/-250K, consistent with what is expected from its spectral type. The star's luminosity is then L/Lo ~ 4.2+/-0.1, consistent with it being a ~30Myr 9Mo star according to the Geneva evolution models. The star is currently located in the outer portion of the SMC's body, but if the star's transverse peculiar velocity is similar to its peculiar radial velocity, in 10Myr the star would have moved 1.6 degrees across the disk of the SMC, and could easily have been born in one of the SMC's star-forming regions. Based on its large radial velocity, we suggest it originated in a binary system where the primary exploded as a supernovae thus flinging the runaway star out into space. Such stars may provide an important mechanism for the dispersal of heavier elements in galaxies given the large percentage of massive stars that are runaways. In the future we hope to look into additional evolved runaway stars that were discovered as part of our other past surveys.
astro-ph.SR
we recently discovered a yellow supergiant ysg in the small magellanic cloud smc with a heliocentric radial velocity of 300 kms which is much larger than expected for a star in its location in the smc this is the first runaway ysg ever discovered and only the second evolved runaway star discovered in a different galaxy than the milky way we classify the star as g58i and use dereddened broadband colors with model atmospheres to determine an effective temperature of 4700250k consistent with what is expected from its spectral type the stars luminosity is then llo 4201 consistent with it being a 30myr 9mo star according to the geneva evolution models the star is currently located in the outer portion of the smcs body but if the stars transverse peculiar velocity is similar to its peculiar radial velocity in 10myr the star would have moved 16 degrees across the disk of the smc and could easily have been born in one of the smcs starforming regions based on its large radial velocity we suggest it originated in a binary system where the primary exploded as a supernovae thus flinging the runaway star out into space such stars may provide an important mechanism for the dispersal of heavier elements in galaxies given the large percentage of massive stars that are runaways in the future we hope to look into additional evolved runaway stars that were discovered as part of our other past surveys
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1,803.0286
Responses of the chiral-magnetic-effect-sensitive sine observable to resonance backgrounds in heavy-ion collisions
A new sine observable, $R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)$, has been proposed to measure the chiral magnetic effect (CME) in heavy-ion collisions; $\Delta S = \left \langle \sin \varphi_+ \right \rangle - \left \langle \sin \varphi_- \right \rangle$, where $\varphi_\pm$ are azimuthal angles of positively and negatively charged particles relative to the reaction plane and averages are event-wise, and $R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)$ is a normalized event probability distribution. Preliminary STAR data reveal concave $R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)$ distributions in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions. Studies with a multiphase transport (AMPT) and anomalous-viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) models show concave $R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)$ distributions for CME signals and convex ones for typical resonance backgrounds. A recent hydrodynamic study, however, indicates concave shapes for backgrounds as well. To better understand these results, we report a systematic study of the elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) and transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) dependences of resonance backgrounds with toy-model simulations and central limit theorem (CLT) calculations. It is found that the concavity or convexity of $R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)$ depends sensitively on the resonance $v_2$ (which yields different numbers of decay $\pi^+\pi^-$ pairs in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions) and $p_T$ (which affects the opening angle of the decay $\pi^+\pi^-$ pair). Qualitatively, low $p_{T}$ resonances decay into large opening-angle pairs and result in more `back-to-back' pairs out-of-plane, mimicking a CME signal, or a concave $R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)$. Supplemental studies of $R_{\Psi_3}(\Delta S)$ in terms of the triangular flow ($v_3$), where only backgrounds exist but any CME would average to zero, are also presented.
nucl-th nucl-ex
a new sine observable r_psi_2delta s has been proposed to measure the chiral magnetic effect cme in heavyion collisions delta s left langle sin varphi_ right rangle left langle sin varphi_ right rangle where varphi_pm are azimuthal angles of positively and negatively charged particles relative to the reaction plane and averages are eventwise and r_psi_2delta s is a normalized event probability distribution preliminary star data reveal concave r_psi_2delta s distributions in 200 gev auau collisions studies with a multiphase transport ampt and anomalousviscous fluid dynamics avfd models show concave r_psi_2delta s distributions for cme signals and convex ones for typical resonance backgrounds a recent hydrodynamic study however indicates concave shapes for backgrounds as well to better understand these results we report a systematic study of the elliptic flow v_2 and transverse momentum p_t dependences of resonance backgrounds with toymodel simulations and central limit theorem clt calculations it is found that the concavity or convexity of r_psi_2delta s depends sensitively on the resonance v_2 which yields different numbers of decay pipi pairs in the inplane and outofplane directions and p_t which affects the opening angle of the decay pipi pair qualitatively low p_t resonances decay into large openingangle pairs and result in more backtoback pairs outofplane mimicking a cme signal or a concave r_psi_2delta s supplemental studies of r_psi_3delta s in terms of the triangular flow v_3 where only backgrounds exist but any cme would average to zero are also presented
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1,803.02861
LHC Phenomenology of Dark Matter with a Color-Octet Partner
Colored dark sectors where the dark matter particle is accompanied by colored partners have recently attracted theoretical and phenomenological interest. We explore the possibility that the dark sector consists of the dark matter particle and a color-octet partner, where the interaction with the Standard Model is governed by an effective operator involving gluons. The resulting interactions resemble the color analogues of electric and magnetic dipole moments. Although many phenomenological features of this kind of model only depend on the group representation of the partner under SU(3)$_c$, we point out that interesting collider signatures such as $R$-hadrons are indeed controlled by the interaction operator between the dark and visible sector. We perform a study of the current constraints and future reach of LHC searches, where the complementarity between different possible signals is highlighted and exploited.
hep-ph
colored dark sectors where the dark matter particle is accompanied by colored partners have recently attracted theoretical and phenomenological interest we explore the possibility that the dark sector consists of the dark matter particle and a coloroctet partner where the interaction with the standard model is governed by an effective operator involving gluons the resulting interactions resemble the color analogues of electric and magnetic dipole moments although many phenomenological features of this kind of model only depend on the group representation of the partner under su3_c we point out that interesting collider signatures such as rhadrons are indeed controlled by the interaction operator between the dark and visible sector we perform a study of the current constraints and future reach of lhc searches where the complementarity between different possible signals is highlighted and exploited
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1,803.02862
Approximation algorithms for two-machine flow-shop scheduling with a conflict graph
Path cover is a well-known intractable problem that finds a minimum number of vertex disjoint paths in a given graph to cover all the vertices. We show that a variant, where the objective function is not the number of paths but the number of length-$0$ paths (that is, isolated vertices), turns out to be polynomial-time solvable. We further show that another variant, where the objective function is the total number of length-$0$ and length-$1$ paths, is also polynomial-time solvable. Both variants find applications in approximating the two-machine flow-shop scheduling problem in which job processing has constraints that are formulated as a conflict graph. For the unit jobs, we present a $4/3$-approximation algorithm for the scheduling problem with an arbitrary conflict graph, based on the exact algorithm for the variants of the path cover problem. For the arbitrary jobs while the conflict graph is the union of two disjoint cliques, that is, all the jobs can be partitioned into two groups such that the jobs in a group are pairwise conflicting, we present a simple $3/2$-approximation algorithm.
cs.DS
path cover is a wellknown intractable problem that finds a minimum number of vertex disjoint paths in a given graph to cover all the vertices we show that a variant where the objective function is not the number of paths but the number of length0 paths that is isolated vertices turns out to be polynomialtime solvable we further show that another variant where the objective function is the total number of length0 and length1 paths is also polynomialtime solvable both variants find applications in approximating the twomachine flowshop scheduling problem in which job processing has constraints that are formulated as a conflict graph for the unit jobs we present a 43approximation algorithm for the scheduling problem with an arbitrary conflict graph based on the exact algorithm for the variants of the path cover problem for the arbitrary jobs while the conflict graph is the union of two disjoint cliques that is all the jobs can be partitioned into two groups such that the jobs in a group are pairwise conflicting we present a simple 32approximation algorithm
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1,803.02863
Voltage driven, local, and efficient excitation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Magnetic sensing technology has found widespread application in industries as diverse as transportation, medicine, and resource exploration. Such use cases often require highly sensitive instruments to measure the extremely small magnetic fields involved, relying on difficult to integrate Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) and Spin-Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) magnetometers. A potential alternative, nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, has shown great potential as a high sensitivity and high resolution magnetic sensor capable of operating in an unshielded, room-temperature environment. Transitioning NV center based sensors into practical devices, however, is impeded by the need for high power RF excitation to manipulate them. Here we report an advance that combines two different physical phenomena to enable a highly efficient excitation of the NV centers: magnetoelastic drive of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and NV-magnon coupling. Our work demonstrates a new pathway to combine acoustics and magnonics that enables highly energy efficient and local excitation of NV centers without the need for any external RF excitation, and thus could lead to completely integrated, on-chip, atomic sensors.
physics.app-ph
magnetic sensing technology has found widespread application in industries as diverse as transportation medicine and resource exploration such use cases often require highly sensitive instruments to measure the extremely small magnetic fields involved relying on difficult to integrate superconducting quantum interference device squid and spinexchange relaxation free serf magnetometers a potential alternative nitrogen vacancy nv centers in diamond has shown great potential as a high sensitivity and high resolution magnetic sensor capable of operating in an unshielded roomtemperature environment transitioning nv center based sensors into practical devices however is impeded by the need for high power rf excitation to manipulate them here we report an advance that combines two different physical phenomena to enable a highly efficient excitation of the nv centers magnetoelastic drive of ferromagnetic resonance fmr and nvmagnon coupling our work demonstrates a new pathway to combine acoustics and magnonics that enables highly energy efficient and local excitation of nv centers without the need for any external rf excitation and thus could lead to completely integrated onchip atomic sensors
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1,803.02864
Search for third-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to a top quark and a $\tau$ lepton at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
A search for pair production of heavy scalar leptoquarks (LQs), each decaying into a top quark and a $\tau$ lepton, is presented. The search considers final states with an electron or a muon, one or two $\tau$ leptons that decayed to hadrons, and additional jets. The data were collected in 2016 in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. No evidence for pair production of LQs is found. Assuming a branching fraction of unity for the decay LQ$ \to $t$\tau$, upper limits on the production cross section are set as a function of LQ mass, excluding masses below 900 GeV at 95% confidence level. These results provide the most stringent limits to date on the production of scalar LQs that decay to a top quark and a $\tau$ lepton.
hep-ex
a search for pair production of heavy scalar leptoquarks lqs each decaying into a top quark and a tau lepton is presented the search considers final states with an electron or a muon one or two tau leptons that decayed to hadrons and additional jets the data were collected in 2016 in protonproton collisions at sqrts 13 tev with the cms detector at the lhc and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 359 fb1 no evidence for pair production of lqs is found assuming a branching fraction of unity for the decay lq to ttau upper limits on the production cross section are set as a function of lq mass excluding masses below 900 gev at 95 confidence level these results provide the most stringent limits to date on the production of scalar lqs that decay to a top quark and a tau lepton
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1,803.02865
WNGrad: Learn the Learning Rate in Gradient Descent
Adjusting the learning rate schedule in stochastic gradient methods is an important unresolved problem which requires tuning in practice. If certain parameters of the loss function such as smoothness or strong convexity constants are known, theoretical learning rate schedules can be applied. However, in practice, such parameters are not known, and the loss function of interest is not convex in any case. The recently proposed batch normalization reparametrization is widely adopted in most neural network architectures today because, among other advantages, it is robust to the choice of Lipschitz constant of the gradient in loss function, allowing one to set a large learning rate without worry. Inspired by batch normalization, we propose a general nonlinear update rule for the learning rate in batch and stochastic gradient descent so that the learning rate can be initialized at a high value, and is subsequently decreased according to gradient observations along the way. The proposed method is shown to achieve robustness to the relationship between the learning rate and the Lipschitz constant, and near-optimal convergence rates in both the batch and stochastic settings ($O(1/T)$ for smooth loss in the batch setting, and $O(1/\sqrt{T})$ for convex loss in the stochastic setting). We also show through numerical evidence that such robustness of the proposed method extends to highly nonconvex and possibly non-smooth loss function in deep learning problems.Our analysis establishes some first theoretical understanding into the observed robustness for batch normalization and weight normalization.
stat.ML cs.AI cs.LG cs.NA math.NA math.OC
adjusting the learning rate schedule in stochastic gradient methods is an important unresolved problem which requires tuning in practice if certain parameters of the loss function such as smoothness or strong convexity constants are known theoretical learning rate schedules can be applied however in practice such parameters are not known and the loss function of interest is not convex in any case the recently proposed batch normalization reparametrization is widely adopted in most neural network architectures today because among other advantages it is robust to the choice of lipschitz constant of the gradient in loss function allowing one to set a large learning rate without worry inspired by batch normalization we propose a general nonlinear update rule for the learning rate in batch and stochastic gradient descent so that the learning rate can be initialized at a high value and is subsequently decreased according to gradient observations along the way the proposed method is shown to achieve robustness to the relationship between the learning rate and the lipschitz constant and nearoptimal convergence rates in both the batch and stochastic settings o1t for smooth loss in the batch setting and o1sqrtt for convex loss in the stochastic setting we also show through numerical evidence that such robustness of the proposed method extends to highly nonconvex and possibly nonsmooth loss function in deep learning problemsour analysis establishes some first theoretical understanding into the observed robustness for batch normalization and weight normalization
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1,803.02866
Torsional instability in the single-chain limit of a transition metal trichalcogenide
We report the synthesis of the quasi-one-dimensional transition metal trichalcogenide NbSe3 in the few chain limit, including the realization of isolated single chains. The chains are encapsulated in protective boron nitride or carbon nanotube sheaths to prevent oxidation and to facilitate characterization. Transmission electron microscopy reveals static and dynamic structural torsional waves not found in bulk NbSe3 crystals. Electronic structure calculations indicate that charge transfer drives the torsional wave instability. Very little covalent bonding is found between the chains and the nanotube sheath, leading to relatively unhindered longitudinal and torsional dynamics for the encapsulated chains.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
we report the synthesis of the quasionedimensional transition metal trichalcogenide nbse3 in the few chain limit including the realization of isolated single chains the chains are encapsulated in protective boron nitride or carbon nanotube sheaths to prevent oxidation and to facilitate characterization transmission electron microscopy reveals static and dynamic structural torsional waves not found in bulk nbse3 crystals electronic structure calculations indicate that charge transfer drives the torsional wave instability very little covalent bonding is found between the chains and the nanotube sheath leading to relatively unhindered longitudinal and torsional dynamics for the encapsulated chains
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