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1,803.04667
Dynamic Vision Sensors for Human Activity Recognition
Unlike conventional cameras which capture video at a fixed frame rate, Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) record only changes in pixel intensity values. The output of DVS is simply a stream of discrete ON/OFF events based on the polarity of change in its pixel values. DVS has many attractive features such as low power consumption, high temporal resolution, high dynamic range and fewer storage requirements. All these make DVS a very promising camera for potential applications in wearable platforms where power consumption is a major concern. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using DVS for Human Activity Recognition (HAR). We propose to use the various slices (such as $x-y$, $x-t$, and $y-t$) of the DVS video as a feature map for HAR and denote them as Motion Maps. We show that fusing motion maps with Motion Boundary Histogram (MBH) give good performance on the benchmark DVS dataset as well as on a real DVS gesture dataset collected by us. Interestingly, the performance of DVS is comparable to that of conventional videos although DVS captures only sparse motion information.
cs.CV
unlike conventional cameras which capture video at a fixed frame rate dynamic vision sensors dvs record only changes in pixel intensity values the output of dvs is simply a stream of discrete onoff events based on the polarity of change in its pixel values dvs has many attractive features such as low power consumption high temporal resolution high dynamic range and fewer storage requirements all these make dvs a very promising camera for potential applications in wearable platforms where power consumption is a major concern in this paper we explore the feasibility of using dvs for human activity recognition har we propose to use the various slices such as xy xt and yt of the dvs video as a feature map for har and denote them as motion maps we show that fusing motion maps with motion boundary histogram mbh give good performance on the benchmark dvs dataset as well as on a real dvs gesture dataset collected by us interestingly the performance of dvs is comparable to that of conventional videos although dvs captures only sparse motion information
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1,803.04668
Emergent Electrochemistry in Spin Ice: Debye-H\"{u}ckel Theory and Beyond
The low-temperature picture of dipolar spin ice in terms of the Coulomb fluid of its fractionalised magnetic monopole excitations has allowed analytic and conceptual progress far beyond its original microscopic spin description. Here we develop its thermodynamic treatment as a `magnetolyte', a fluid of singly and doubly charged monopoles, an analogue of the electrochemical system ${\rm 2 H_2O = H_3O^+ +OH^- = H_4O^{2+} + O^{2-}}$, but with perfect symmetry between oppositely charged ions. For this lattice magnetolyte, we present an analysis based on Debye-H\"uckel theory, which is accurate at all temperatures and incorporates `Dirac strings' imposed by the microscopic ice rule constraints at the level of Pauling's approximation. Our results are in close agreement with the specific heat from numerical simulations as well as new experimental measurements with an improved lattice correction, which we present here, on the spin ice materials $\mathrm{Ho_2Ti_2O_7}$ and $\mathrm{Dy_2Ti_2O_7}$. Our study of the magnetolyte shows how electrochemistry can emerge in non-electrical systems. We also provide new experimental tests of Debye-H\"uckel theory and its extensions. The application of our results also yields insights into the electrochemical behaviour of water ice and liquid water, which are closely related to the spin ice magnetolyte.
cond-mat.str-el physics.chem-ph
the lowtemperature picture of dipolar spin ice in terms of the coulomb fluid of its fractionalised magnetic monopole excitations has allowed analytic and conceptual progress far beyond its original microscopic spin description here we develop its thermodynamic treatment as a magnetolyte a fluid of singly and doubly charged monopoles an analogue of the electrochemical system rm 2 h_2o h_3o oh h_4o2 o2 but with perfect symmetry between oppositely charged ions for this lattice magnetolyte we present an analysis based on debyehuckel theory which is accurate at all temperatures and incorporates dirac strings imposed by the microscopic ice rule constraints at the level of paulings approximation our results are in close agreement with the specific heat from numerical simulations as well as new experimental measurements with an improved lattice correction which we present here on the spin ice materials mathrmho_2ti_2o_7 and mathrmdy_2ti_2o_7 our study of the magnetolyte shows how electrochemistry can emerge in nonelectrical systems we also provide new experimental tests of debyehuckel theory and its extensions the application of our results also yields insights into the electrochemical behaviour of water ice and liquid water which are closely related to the spin ice magnetolyte
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1,803.04669
Polyhedral Predictive Regions For Power System Applications
Despite substantial improvement in the development of forecasting approaches, conditional and dynamic uncertainty estimates ought to be accommodated in decision-making in power system operation and market, in order to yield either cost-optimal decisions in expectation, or decision with probabilistic guarantees. The representation of uncertainty serves as an interface between forecasting and decision-making problems, with different approaches handling various objects and their parameterization as input. Following substantial developments based on scenario-based stochastic methods, robust and chance-constrained optimization approaches have gained increasing attention. These often rely on polyhedra as a representation of the convex envelope of uncertainty. In the work, we aim to bridge the gap between the probabilistic forecasting literature and such optimization approaches by generating forecasts in the form of polyhedra with probabilistic guarantees. For that, we see polyhedra as parameterized objects under alternative definitions (under $L_1$ and $L_\infty$ norms), the parameters of which may be modelled and predicted. We additionally discuss assessing the predictive skill of such multivariate probabilistic forecasts. An application and related empirical investigation results allow us to verify probabilistic calibration and predictive skills of our polyhedra.
stat.AP
despite substantial improvement in the development of forecasting approaches conditional and dynamic uncertainty estimates ought to be accommodated in decisionmaking in power system operation and market in order to yield either costoptimal decisions in expectation or decision with probabilistic guarantees the representation of uncertainty serves as an interface between forecasting and decisionmaking problems with different approaches handling various objects and their parameterization as input following substantial developments based on scenariobased stochastic methods robust and chanceconstrained optimization approaches have gained increasing attention these often rely on polyhedra as a representation of the convex envelope of uncertainty in the work we aim to bridge the gap between the probabilistic forecasting literature and such optimization approaches by generating forecasts in the form of polyhedra with probabilistic guarantees for that we see polyhedra as parameterized objects under alternative definitions under l_1 and l_infty norms the parameters of which may be modelled and predicted we additionally discuss assessing the predictive skill of such multivariate probabilistic forecasts an application and related empirical investigation results allow us to verify probabilistic calibration and predictive skills of our polyhedra
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1,803.0467
Imaging nanoscale spatial modulation of a relativistic electron beam with a MeV ultrafast electron microscope
Accelerator-based MeV ultrafast electron microscope (MUEM) has been proposed as a promising tool to study structural dynamics at the nanometer spatial scale and picosecond temporal scale. Here we report experimental tests of a prototype MUEM where high quality images with nanoscale fine structures were recorded with a pulsed 3 MeV picosecond electron beam. The temporal and spatial resolution of the MUEM operating in single-shot mode is about 4 ps (FWHM) and 100 nm (FWHM), corresponding to a temporal-spatial resolution of 4e-19 s*m, about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that achieved with state-of-the-art single-shot keV UEM. Using this instrument we offer the demonstration of visualizing the nanoscale periodic spatial modulation of an electron beam, which may be converted into longitudinal density modulation through emittance exchange to enable production of high-power coherent radiation at short wavelengths. Our results mark a great step towards single-shot nanometer-resolution MUEMs and compact intense x-ray sources that may have wide applications in many areas of science.
physics.acc-ph
acceleratorbased mev ultrafast electron microscope muem has been proposed as a promising tool to study structural dynamics at the nanometer spatial scale and picosecond temporal scale here we report experimental tests of a prototype muem where high quality images with nanoscale fine structures were recorded with a pulsed 3 mev picosecond electron beam the temporal and spatial resolution of the muem operating in singleshot mode is about 4 ps fwhm and 100 nm fwhm corresponding to a temporalspatial resolution of 4e19 sm about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that achieved with stateoftheart singleshot kev uem using this instrument we offer the demonstration of visualizing the nanoscale periodic spatial modulation of an electron beam which may be converted into longitudinal density modulation through emittance exchange to enable production of highpower coherent radiation at short wavelengths our results mark a great step towards singleshot nanometerresolution muems and compact intense xray sources that may have wide applications in many areas of science
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1,803.04671
Cross-correlation between photons and phonons in quadratically coupled optomechanical systems
We study photon, phonon statistics and the cross-correlation between photons and phonons in a quadratically coupled optomechanical system. Photon blockade, phonon blockade and strongly anticorrelated photons and phonons can be observed in the same parameter regime with the effective nonlinear coupling between the optical and mechanical modes, enhanced by a strong optical driving field. Interestingly, an optimal value of the effective nonlinear coupling strength for the photon blockade is not within the strong nonlinear coupling regime. This abnormal phenomenon results from the destructive interference between different paths for two-photon excitation in the optical mode with a moderate effective nonlinear coupling strength. Further more, we show that phonon (photon) pairs and correlated photons and phonons can be generated in the strong nonlinear coupling regime with a proper detuning between the weak mechanical driving field and mechanical mode. Our results open up a way to generate anticorrelated and correlated photons and phonons, which may have important applications in quantum information processing.
quant-ph physics.optics
we study photon phonon statistics and the crosscorrelation between photons and phonons in a quadratically coupled optomechanical system photon blockade phonon blockade and strongly anticorrelated photons and phonons can be observed in the same parameter regime with the effective nonlinear coupling between the optical and mechanical modes enhanced by a strong optical driving field interestingly an optimal value of the effective nonlinear coupling strength for the photon blockade is not within the strong nonlinear coupling regime this abnormal phenomenon results from the destructive interference between different paths for twophoton excitation in the optical mode with a moderate effective nonlinear coupling strength further more we show that phonon photon pairs and correlated photons and phonons can be generated in the strong nonlinear coupling regime with a proper detuning between the weak mechanical driving field and mechanical mode our results open up a way to generate anticorrelated and correlated photons and phonons which may have important applications in quantum information processing
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1,803.04672
On closed non-vanishing ideals in $C_B(X)$ II; compactness properties
For a completely regular space $X$, let $C_B(X)$ be the normed algebra of all bounded continuous scalar-valued mappings on $X$ equipped with pointwise addition and multiplication and the supremum norm and let $C_0(X)$ be its subalgebra consisting of mappings vanishing at infinity. For a non-vanishing closed ideal $H$ of $C_B(X)$ we study properties of its spectrum $\mathfrak{sp}(H)$ which may be characterized as the unique locally compact (Hausdorff) space $Y$ such that $H$ and $C_0(Y)$ are isometrically isomorphic. We concentrate on compactness properties of $\mathfrak{sp}(H)$ and find necessary and sufficient (algebraic) conditions on $H$ such that the spectrum $\mathfrak{sp}(H)$ satisfies (topological) properties such as the Lindel\"{o}f property, $\sigma$-compactness, countable compactness, pseudocompactness and paracompactness.
math.FA
for a completely regular space x let c_bx be the normed algebra of all bounded continuous scalarvalued mappings on x equipped with pointwise addition and multiplication and the supremum norm and let c_0x be its subalgebra consisting of mappings vanishing at infinity for a nonvanishing closed ideal h of c_bx we study properties of its spectrum mathfraksph which may be characterized as the unique locally compact hausdorff space y such that h and c_0y are isometrically isomorphic we concentrate on compactness properties of mathfraksph and find necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions on h such that the spectrum mathfraksph satisfies topological properties such as the lindelof property sigmacompactness countable compactness pseudocompactness and paracompactness
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1,803.04673
Characterizations of robust and stable duality for linearly perturbed uncertain optimization problems
We introduce a robust optimization model consisting in a family of perturbation functions giving rise to certain pairs of dual optimization problems in which the dual variable depends on the uncertainty parameter. The interest of our approach is illustrated by some examples, including uncertain conic optimization and infinite optimization via discretization. The main results characterize desirable robust duality relations (as robust zero-duality gap) by formulas involving the epsilon-minima or the epsilon-subdifferentials of the objective function. The two extreme cases, namely, the usual perturbational duality (without uncertainty), and the duality for the supremum of functions (duality parameter vanishing) are analyzed in detail.
math.OC
we introduce a robust optimization model consisting in a family of perturbation functions giving rise to certain pairs of dual optimization problems in which the dual variable depends on the uncertainty parameter the interest of our approach is illustrated by some examples including uncertain conic optimization and infinite optimization via discretization the main results characterize desirable robust duality relations as robust zeroduality gap by formulas involving the epsilonminima or the epsilonsubdifferentials of the objective function the two extreme cases namely the usual perturbational duality without uncertainty and the duality for the supremum of functions duality parameter vanishing are analyzed in detail
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1,803.04674
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning: Approximating Optimal Discounted TSP Using Local Policies
In this work, we provide theoretical guarantees for reward decomposition in deterministic MDPs. Reward decomposition is a special case of Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning, that allows one to learn many policies in parallel and combine them into a composite solution. Our approach builds on mapping this problem into a Reward Discounted Traveling Salesman Problem, and then deriving approximate solutions for it. In particular, we focus on approximate solutions that are local, i.e., solutions that only observe information about the current state. Local policies are easy to implement and do not require substantial computational resources as they do not perform planning. While local deterministic policies, like Nearest Neighbor, are being used in practice for hierarchical reinforcement learning, we propose three stochastic policies that guarantee better performance than any deterministic policy.
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
in this work we provide theoretical guarantees for reward decomposition in deterministic mdps reward decomposition is a special case of hierarchical reinforcement learning that allows one to learn many policies in parallel and combine them into a composite solution our approach builds on mapping this problem into a reward discounted traveling salesman problem and then deriving approximate solutions for it in particular we focus on approximate solutions that are local ie solutions that only observe information about the current state local policies are easy to implement and do not require substantial computational resources as they do not perform planning while local deterministic policies like nearest neighbor are being used in practice for hierarchical reinforcement learning we propose three stochastic policies that guarantee better performance than any deterministic policy
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1,803.04675
Using Grouped Linear Prediction and Accelerated Reinforcement Learning for Online Content Caching
Proactive caching is an effective way to alleviate peak-hour traffic congestion by prefetching popular contents at the wireless network edge. To maximize the caching efficiency requires the knowledge of content popularity profile, which however is often unavailable in advance. In this paper, we first propose a new linear prediction model, named grouped linear model (GLM) to estimate the future content requests based on historical data. Unlike many existing works that assumed the static content popularity profile, our model can adapt to the temporal variation of the content popularity in practical systems due to the arrival of new contents and dynamics of user preference. Based on the predicted content requests, we then propose a reinforcement learning approach with model-free acceleration (RLMA) for online cache replacement by taking into account both the cache hits and replacement cost. This approach accelerates the learning process in non-stationary environment by generating imaginary samples for Q-value updates. Numerical results based on real-world traces show that the proposed prediction and learning based online caching policy outperform all considered existing schemes.
cs.NI
proactive caching is an effective way to alleviate peakhour traffic congestion by prefetching popular contents at the wireless network edge to maximize the caching efficiency requires the knowledge of content popularity profile which however is often unavailable in advance in this paper we first propose a new linear prediction model named grouped linear model glm to estimate the future content requests based on historical data unlike many existing works that assumed the static content popularity profile our model can adapt to the temporal variation of the content popularity in practical systems due to the arrival of new contents and dynamics of user preference based on the predicted content requests we then propose a reinforcement learning approach with modelfree acceleration rlma for online cache replacement by taking into account both the cache hits and replacement cost this approach accelerates the learning process in nonstationary environment by generating imaginary samples for qvalue updates numerical results based on realworld traces show that the proposed prediction and learning based online caching policy outperform all considered existing schemes
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1,803.04676
Multivariate Prediction Intervals for Photovoltaic Power Generation
The current literature in probabilistic forecasting is focused on quantifying the uncertainty of each random variable individually. This leads to the failure in informing about interdependence structure of uncertainty at different locations and/or different lead times. When there is a positive or negative association between a number of random variables, the prediction regions for them should be reflected by multivariate or joint uncertainty sets. The existing literature is very primitive in the area of multivariate uncertainty sets modeling. In this paper, uncertainty regions are generated in the form of multivariate prediction intervals. We will examine the performance of Gaussian and R-Vine copulas in characterizing the correlated behavior of PV power generations at successive lead-times. Copulas are compared based on goodness-of-fit metrics as well as skill scores. A framework is elaborated to generate multivariate prediction intervals out of the scenarios generated from Gaussian and R-vine multivariate densities. The resultant multivariate prediction intervals are evaluated based on their calibration and sharpness. The approaches are tested on a real-world dataset including PV power measurements and weather forecasts. This paper provides a series of useful analyses and comparative results for multivariate uncertainty modeling of PV power that can serve as a basis for future works in the area.
stat.AP
the current literature in probabilistic forecasting is focused on quantifying the uncertainty of each random variable individually this leads to the failure in informing about interdependence structure of uncertainty at different locations andor different lead times when there is a positive or negative association between a number of random variables the prediction regions for them should be reflected by multivariate or joint uncertainty sets the existing literature is very primitive in the area of multivariate uncertainty sets modeling in this paper uncertainty regions are generated in the form of multivariate prediction intervals we will examine the performance of gaussian and rvine copulas in characterizing the correlated behavior of pv power generations at successive leadtimes copulas are compared based on goodnessoffit metrics as well as skill scores a framework is elaborated to generate multivariate prediction intervals out of the scenarios generated from gaussian and rvine multivariate densities the resultant multivariate prediction intervals are evaluated based on their calibration and sharpness the approaches are tested on a realworld dataset including pv power measurements and weather forecasts this paper provides a series of useful analyses and comparative results for multivariate uncertainty modeling of pv power that can serve as a basis for future works in the area
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1,803.04677
Fast electron spin flips via strong subcycle electric excitation
An important goal in quantum information processing is to reduce the duration of quantum-logical operations. Motivated by this, we provide a theoretical analysis of electrically induced fast dynamics of a single-electron spin-orbit qubit. We study the example of a one-dimensional quantum dot with Rashba spin-orbit interaction and harmonic driving, and focus on the case of strong driving, when the real-space oscillation amplitude of the driven electron is comparable to the width of its wave function. We provide simple approximate analytical relations between the qubit Larmor frequency, the shortest achievable qubit-flip time, and the driving amplitude required for the shortest achievable qubit flip. We find that these relations compare well with results obtained from numerical simulations of the qubit dynamics. Based on our results, we discuss practical guidelines to maximize speed and quality of electric single-qubit operations on spin-orbit qubits.
cond-mat.mes-hall
an important goal in quantum information processing is to reduce the duration of quantumlogical operations motivated by this we provide a theoretical analysis of electrically induced fast dynamics of a singleelectron spinorbit qubit we study the example of a onedimensional quantum dot with rashba spinorbit interaction and harmonic driving and focus on the case of strong driving when the realspace oscillation amplitude of the driven electron is comparable to the width of its wave function we provide simple approximate analytical relations between the qubit larmor frequency the shortest achievable qubitflip time and the driving amplitude required for the shortest achievable qubit flip we find that these relations compare well with results obtained from numerical simulations of the qubit dynamics based on our results we discuss practical guidelines to maximize speed and quality of electric singlequbit operations on spinorbit qubits
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1,803.04678
Constrained BRST- BFV Lagrangian formulations for Higher Spin Fields in Minkowski Spaces
BRST-BFV method for constrained Lagrangian formulations (LFs) for (ir)reducible half-integer HS Poincare group representations in Minkowski space is suggested. The procedure is derived by 2 ways: from the unconstrained BRST-BFV method for mixed-symmetry HS fermionic fields subject to an arbitrary Young tableaux with k rows (suggested in arXiv:1211.1273[hep-th]) by extracting the second-class constraints, $\widehat{O}_\alpha=(\widehat{O}_a, \widehat{O}^+_a)$, from a total superalgebra of constraints, second, in self-consistent way by means of finding BRST-extended initial off-shell algebraic constraints, $\widehat{O}_a$. In both cases, the latter constraints supercommute on the constraint surface with constrained BRST $Q_C$ and spin operators $\sigma^i_C$. The closedness of the superalgebra $Q_C, \widehat{O}_a, \sigma^i_C$ guarantees that the final gauge-invariant LF is compatible with off-shell constraints $\widehat{O}_a$ imposed on field and gauge parameter vectors of Hilbert space not depending from the ghosts and conversion auxiliary oscillators related to $\widehat{O}_a$, in comparison with vectors for unconstrained BRST-BFV LF. The suggested constrained BRST-BFV approach is valid for both massive HS fields and integer HS fields in the second-order formulation. It is shown that the respective constrained and unconstrained LFs for (half)-integer HS fields with a given spin are equivalent. The constrained Lagrangians in ghost-independent and component (for initial spin-tensor field) are obtained and shown to coincide with Fang-Fronsdal formulation for constrained totally-symmetric HS field. The triplet and unconstrained quartet LFs for the latter field and gauge-invariant constrained Lagrangians for a massive field of spin n+1/2 are derived. A concept of BRST-invariant second-class constraints for a general dynamical system with mixed-class constraints is suggested.
hep-th math-ph math.DS math.MP quant-ph
brstbfv method for constrained lagrangian formulations lfs for irreducible halfinteger hs poincare group representations in minkowski space is suggested the procedure is derived by 2 ways from the unconstrained brstbfv method for mixedsymmetry hs fermionic fields subject to an arbitrary young tableaux with k rows suggested in arxiv12111273hepth by extracting the secondclass constraints widehato_alphawidehato_a widehato_a from a total superalgebra of constraints second in selfconsistent way by means of finding brstextended initial offshell algebraic constraints widehato_a in both cases the latter constraints supercommute on the constraint surface with constrained brst q_c and spin operators sigmai_c the closedness of the superalgebra q_c widehato_a sigmai_c guarantees that the final gaugeinvariant lf is compatible with offshell constraints widehato_a imposed on field and gauge parameter vectors of hilbert space not depending from the ghosts and conversion auxiliary oscillators related to widehato_a in comparison with vectors for unconstrained brstbfv lf the suggested constrained brstbfv approach is valid for both massive hs fields and integer hs fields in the secondorder formulation it is shown that the respective constrained and unconstrained lfs for halfinteger hs fields with a given spin are equivalent the constrained lagrangians in ghostindependent and component for initial spintensor field are obtained and shown to coincide with fangfronsdal formulation for constrained totallysymmetric hs field the triplet and unconstrained quartet lfs for the latter field and gaugeinvariant constrained lagrangians for a massive field of spin n12 are derived a concept of brstinvariant secondclass constraints for a general dynamical system with mixedclass constraints is suggested
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1,803.04679
Harmonic aspects in an $\eta$-Ricci soliton
We characterize $\eta$-Ricci solitons $(g,\xi,\lambda,\mu)$ in some special cases when the $1$-form $\eta$, which is the $g$-dual of $\xi$, is a harmonic or a Schr\"{o}dinger-Ricci harmonic form. We also provide necessary and sufficient conditions for $\eta$ to be a solution of the Schr\"{o}dinger-Ricci equation and point out the relation between the three notions in our context. In particular, we apply these results to a perfect fluid spacetime and using Bochner- Weitzenb\"{o}ck techniques, we formulate some more conclusions for gradient solitons and deduce topological properties of the manifold and its universal covering.
math.DG
we characterize etaricci solitons gxilambdamu in some special cases when the 1form eta which is the gdual of xi is a harmonic or a schrodingerricci harmonic form we also provide necessary and sufficient conditions for eta to be a solution of the schrodingerricci equation and point out the relation between the three notions in our context in particular we apply these results to a perfect fluid spacetime and using bochner weitzenbock techniques we formulate some more conclusions for gradient solitons and deduce topological properties of the manifold and its universal covering
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1,803.0468
Multi-Frame Quality Enhancement for Compressed Video
The past few years have witnessed great success in applying deep learning to enhance the quality of compressed image/video. The existing approaches mainly focus on enhancing the quality of a single frame, ignoring the similarity between consecutive frames. In this paper, we investigate that heavy quality fluctuation exists across compressed video frames, and thus low quality frames can be enhanced using the neighboring high quality frames, seen as Multi-Frame Quality Enhancement (MFQE). Accordingly, this paper proposes an MFQE approach for compressed video, as a first attempt in this direction. In our approach, we firstly develop a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based detector to locate Peak Quality Frames (PQFs) in compressed video. Then, a novel Multi-Frame Convolutional Neural Network (MF-CNN) is designed to enhance the quality of compressed video, in which the non-PQF and its nearest two PQFs are as the input. The MF-CNN compensates motion between the non-PQF and PQFs through the Motion Compensation subnet (MC-subnet). Subsequently, the Quality Enhancement subnet (QE-subnet) reduces compression artifacts of the non-PQF with the help of its nearest PQFs. Finally, the experiments validate the effectiveness and generality of our MFQE approach in advancing the state-of-the-art quality enhancement of compressed video. The code of our MFQE approach is available at https://github.com/ryangBUAA/MFQE.git
cs.CV cs.MM
the past few years have witnessed great success in applying deep learning to enhance the quality of compressed imagevideo the existing approaches mainly focus on enhancing the quality of a single frame ignoring the similarity between consecutive frames in this paper we investigate that heavy quality fluctuation exists across compressed video frames and thus low quality frames can be enhanced using the neighboring high quality frames seen as multiframe quality enhancement mfqe accordingly this paper proposes an mfqe approach for compressed video as a first attempt in this direction in our approach we firstly develop a support vector machine svm based detector to locate peak quality frames pqfs in compressed video then a novel multiframe convolutional neural network mfcnn is designed to enhance the quality of compressed video in which the nonpqf and its nearest two pqfs are as the input the mfcnn compensates motion between the nonpqf and pqfs through the motion compensation subnet mcsubnet subsequently the quality enhancement subnet qesubnet reduces compression artifacts of the nonpqf with the help of its nearest pqfs finally the experiments validate the effectiveness and generality of our mfqe approach in advancing the stateoftheart quality enhancement of compressed video the code of our mfqe approach is available at httpsgithubcomryangbuaamfqegit
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1,803.04681
On the equationally Artinian groups
In this article, we study the property of being equationally Artinian in groups. We prove that a finite extension of an equationally Artinian group is again equationally Artinian. We also show that a quotient of an equationally Artinian group of the form $G[t]$ by a normal subgroup which is a finite union of radicals, is again equationally Artnian. This provides a large class of examples of equationally Artinian groups.
math.GR
in this article we study the property of being equationally artinian in groups we prove that a finite extension of an equationally artinian group is again equationally artinian we also show that a quotient of an equationally artinian group of the form gt by a normal subgroup which is a finite union of radicals is again equationally artnian this provides a large class of examples of equationally artinian groups
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1,803.04682
Noncoherent Detection for Physical-Layer Network Coding
This paper investigates noncoherent detection in a two-way relay channel operated with physical layer network coding (PNC), assuming FSK modulation and short-packet transmissions. For noncoherent detection, the detector has access to the magnitude but not the phase of the received signal. For conventional communication in which a receiver receives the signal from a transmitter only, the phase does not affect the magnitude, hence the performance of the noncoherent detector is independent of the phase. PNC, however, is a multiuser system in which a receiver receives signals from multiple transmitters simultaneously. The relative phase of the signals from different transmitters affects the received signal magnitude through constructive-destructive interference. In particular, for good performance, the noncoherent detector in PNC must take into account the influence of the relative phase on the signal magnitude. Building on this observation, this paper delves into the fundamentals of PNC noncoherent detector design. To avoid excessive overhead, we do away from preambles. We show how the relative phase can be deduced directly from the magnitudes of the received data symbols. Numerical results show that our detector performs nearly as well as a "fictitious" optimal detector that has perfect knowledge of the channel gains and relative phase.
cs.IT math.IT
this paper investigates noncoherent detection in a twoway relay channel operated with physical layer network coding pnc assuming fsk modulation and shortpacket transmissions for noncoherent detection the detector has access to the magnitude but not the phase of the received signal for conventional communication in which a receiver receives the signal from a transmitter only the phase does not affect the magnitude hence the performance of the noncoherent detector is independent of the phase pnc however is a multiuser system in which a receiver receives signals from multiple transmitters simultaneously the relative phase of the signals from different transmitters affects the received signal magnitude through constructivedestructive interference in particular for good performance the noncoherent detector in pnc must take into account the influence of the relative phase on the signal magnitude building on this observation this paper delves into the fundamentals of pnc noncoherent detector design to avoid excessive overhead we do away from preambles we show how the relative phase can be deduced directly from the magnitudes of the received data symbols numerical results show that our detector performs nearly as well as a fictitious optimal detector that has perfect knowledge of the channel gains and relative phase
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1,803.04683
Invisible Mask: Practical Attacks on Face Recognition with Infrared
Accurate face recognition techniques make a series of critical applications possible: policemen could employ it to retrieve criminals' faces from surveillance video streams; cross boarder travelers could pass a face authentication inspection line without the involvement of officers. Nonetheless, when public security heavily relies on such intelligent systems, the designers should deliberately consider the emerging attacks aiming at misleading those systems employing face recognition. We propose a kind of brand new attack against face recognition systems, which is realized by illuminating the subject using infrared according to the adversarial examples worked out by our algorithm, thus face recognition systems can be bypassed or misled while simultaneously the infrared perturbations cannot be observed by raw eyes. Through launching this kind of attack, an attacker not only can dodge surveillance cameras. More importantly, he can impersonate his target victim and pass the face authentication system, if only the victim's photo is acquired by the attacker. Again, the attack is totally unobservable by nearby people, because not only the light is invisible, but also the device we made to launch the attack is small enough. According to our study on a large dataset, attackers have a very high success rate with a over 70\% success rate for finding such an adversarial example that can be implemented by infrared. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first one to shed light on the severity of threat resulted from infrared adversarial examples against face recognition.
cs.CR
accurate face recognition techniques make a series of critical applications possible policemen could employ it to retrieve criminals faces from surveillance video streams cross boarder travelers could pass a face authentication inspection line without the involvement of officers nonetheless when public security heavily relies on such intelligent systems the designers should deliberately consider the emerging attacks aiming at misleading those systems employing face recognition we propose a kind of brand new attack against face recognition systems which is realized by illuminating the subject using infrared according to the adversarial examples worked out by our algorithm thus face recognition systems can be bypassed or misled while simultaneously the infrared perturbations cannot be observed by raw eyes through launching this kind of attack an attacker not only can dodge surveillance cameras more importantly he can impersonate his target victim and pass the face authentication system if only the victims photo is acquired by the attacker again the attack is totally unobservable by nearby people because not only the light is invisible but also the device we made to launch the attack is small enough according to our study on a large dataset attackers have a very high success rate with a over 70 success rate for finding such an adversarial example that can be implemented by infrared to the best of our knowledge our work is the first one to shed light on the severity of threat resulted from infrared adversarial examples against face recognition
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1,803.04684
Formations of finite groups with the M. Hall property
The first examples of formations which are arboreous (and therefore Hall) but not freely indexed (and therefore not locally extensible) are found. Likewise, the first examples of solvable formations which are freely indexed and arboreous (and therefore Hall) but not locally extensible are constructed. Some open questions are also mentioned.
math.GR
the first examples of formations which are arboreous and therefore hall but not freely indexed and therefore not locally extensible are found likewise the first examples of solvable formations which are freely indexed and arboreous and therefore hall but not locally extensible are constructed some open questions are also mentioned
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1,803.04685
Hyperfine interaction and electronic spin fluctuation study on Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$FeCoO$_6$ (x = 0, 1, 2) by high-resolution back-scattering neutron spectroscopy
The study of hyperfine interaction by high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering is not very well known compared to the other competing techniques viz. NMR, M\"ossbauer, PACS etc. Also the study is limited mostly to magnetically ordered systems. Here we report such study on Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$FeCoO$_6$ (x = 0, 1, 2) of which first (Sr$_2$FeCoO$_6$ with x = 0) has a canonical spin spin glass, the second (SrLaFeCoO$_6$ with x = 1) has a so-called magnetic glass and the third (La$_2$FeCoO$_6$ with x = 2) has a magnetically ordered ground state. Our present study revealed clear inelastic signal for SrLaFeCoO$_6$, possibly also inelastic signal for Sr$_2$FeCoO$_6$ below the spin freezing temperatures $T_{sf}$ but no inelastic signal at all for for the magnetically ordered La$_2$FeCoO$_6$ in the neutron scattering spectra. The broadened inelastic signals observed suggest hyperfine field distribution in the two disordered magnetic glassy systems and no signal for the third compound suggests no or very small hyperfine field at the Co nucleus due to Co electronic moment. For the two magnetic glassy system apart from the hyperfine signal due only to Co, we also observed electronic spin fluctuations probably from both Fe and Co electronic moments. \end{abstract}
cond-mat.str-el
the study of hyperfine interaction by highresolution inelastic neutron scattering is not very well known compared to the other competing techniques viz nmr mossbauer pacs etc also the study is limited mostly to magnetically ordered systems here we report such study on sr_2xla_xfecoo_6 x 0 1 2 of which first sr_2fecoo_6 with x 0 has a canonical spin spin glass the second srlafecoo_6 with x 1 has a socalled magnetic glass and the third la_2fecoo_6 with x 2 has a magnetically ordered ground state our present study revealed clear inelastic signal for srlafecoo_6 possibly also inelastic signal for sr_2fecoo_6 below the spin freezing temperatures t_sf but no inelastic signal at all for for the magnetically ordered la_2fecoo_6 in the neutron scattering spectra the broadened inelastic signals observed suggest hyperfine field distribution in the two disordered magnetic glassy systems and no signal for the third compound suggests no or very small hyperfine field at the co nucleus due to co electronic moment for the two magnetic glassy system apart from the hyperfine signal due only to co we also observed electronic spin fluctuations probably from both fe and co electronic moments endabstract
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1,803.04686
Current status and desired accuracy of the isotopic production cross sections relevant to astrophysics of cosmic rays I. Li, Be, B, C, N
The accuracy of the current generation of cosmic-ray (CR) experiments, such as AMS-02, PAMELA, CALET, and ISS-CREAM, is now reaching $\sim$1--3\% in a wide range in energy per nucleon from GeV/n to multi-TeV/n. Their correct interpretation could potentially lead to discoveries of new physics and subtle effects that were unthinkable just a decade ago. However, a major obstacle in doing so is the current uncertainty in the isotopic production cross sections that can be as high as 20--50\% or even larger in some cases. While there is a recently reached consensus in the astrophysics community that new measurements of cross sections are desirable, no attempt to evaluate the importance of particular reaction channels and their required accuracy has been made yet. It is, however, clear that it is a huge work that requires an incremental approach. The goal of this study is to provide the ranking of the isotopic cross sections contributing to the production of the most astrophysically important CR Li, Be, B, C, and N species. In this paper, we (i) rank the reaction channels by their importance for a production of a particular isotope, (ii) provide comparisons plots between the models and data used, and (iii) evaluate a generic beam time necessary to reach a 3\% precision in the production cross-sections pertinent to the AMS-02 experiment. This first roadmap may become a starting point in the planning of new measurement campaigns that could be carried out in several nuclear and/or particle physics facilities around the world. A comprehensive evaluation of other isotopes $Z\leq30$ will be a subject of follow-up studies.
astro-ph.HE hep-ex hep-th nucl-ex nucl-th
the accuracy of the current generation of cosmicray cr experiments such as ams02 pamela calet and isscream is now reaching sim13 in a wide range in energy per nucleon from gevn to multitevn their correct interpretation could potentially lead to discoveries of new physics and subtle effects that were unthinkable just a decade ago however a major obstacle in doing so is the current uncertainty in the isotopic production cross sections that can be as high as 2050 or even larger in some cases while there is a recently reached consensus in the astrophysics community that new measurements of cross sections are desirable no attempt to evaluate the importance of particular reaction channels and their required accuracy has been made yet it is however clear that it is a huge work that requires an incremental approach the goal of this study is to provide the ranking of the isotopic cross sections contributing to the production of the most astrophysically important cr li be b c and n species in this paper we i rank the reaction channels by their importance for a production of a particular isotope ii provide comparisons plots between the models and data used and iii evaluate a generic beam time necessary to reach a 3 precision in the production crosssections pertinent to the ams02 experiment this first roadmap may become a starting point in the planning of new measurement campaigns that could be carried out in several nuclear andor particle physics facilities around the world a comprehensive evaluation of other isotopes zleq30 will be a subject of followup studies
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1,803.04687
Multimodal Recurrent Neural Networks with Information Transfer Layers for Indoor Scene Labeling
This paper proposes a new method called Multimodal RNNs for RGB-D scene semantic segmentation. It is optimized to classify image pixels given two input sources: RGB color channels and Depth maps. It simultaneously performs training of two recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that are crossly connected through information transfer layers, which are learnt to adaptively extract relevant cross-modality features. Each RNN model learns its representations from its own previous hidden states and transferred patterns from the other RNNs previous hidden states; thus, both model-specific and crossmodality features are retained. We exploit the structure of quad-directional 2D-RNNs to model the short and long range contextual information in the 2D input image. We carefully designed various baselines to efficiently examine our proposed model structure. We test our Multimodal RNNs method on popular RGB-D benchmarks and show how it outperforms previous methods significantly and achieves competitive results with other state-of-the-art works.
cs.CV
this paper proposes a new method called multimodal rnns for rgbd scene semantic segmentation it is optimized to classify image pixels given two input sources rgb color channels and depth maps it simultaneously performs training of two recurrent neural networks rnns that are crossly connected through information transfer layers which are learnt to adaptively extract relevant crossmodality features each rnn model learns its representations from its own previous hidden states and transferred patterns from the other rnns previous hidden states thus both modelspecific and crossmodality features are retained we exploit the structure of quaddirectional 2drnns to model the short and long range contextual information in the 2d input image we carefully designed various baselines to efficiently examine our proposed model structure we test our multimodal rnns method on popular rgbd benchmarks and show how it outperforms previous methods significantly and achieves competitive results with other stateoftheart works
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1,803.04688
Free Form Deformation, mesh morphing and reduced order methods: enablers for efficient aerodynamic shape optimization
The work provides an integrated pipeline for the model order reduction of turbulent flows around parametrised geometries in aerodynamics. In particular, Free-Form Deformation is applied for geometry parametrisation, whereas two different reduced-order models based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) are employed in order to speed-up the full-order simulations: the first method exploits POD with interpolation, while the second one is based on domain decomposition. For the sampling of the parameter space, we adopt a Greedy strategy coupled with Constrained Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations, in order to guarantee a good compromise between space exploration and exploitation. The proposed framework is tested on an industrially relevant application, i.e. the front-bumper morphing of the DrivAer car model, using the finite-volume method for the full-order resolution of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations.
math.NA
the work provides an integrated pipeline for the model order reduction of turbulent flows around parametrised geometries in aerodynamics in particular freeform deformation is applied for geometry parametrisation whereas two different reducedorder models based on proper orthogonal decomposition pod are employed in order to speedup the fullorder simulations the first method exploits pod with interpolation while the second one is based on domain decomposition for the sampling of the parameter space we adopt a greedy strategy coupled with constrained centroidal voronoi tessellations in order to guarantee a good compromise between space exploration and exploitation the proposed framework is tested on an industrially relevant application ie the frontbumper morphing of the drivaer car model using the finitevolume method for the fullorder resolution of the reynoldsaveraged navierstokes equations
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1,803.04689
Mean-field optimal control as Gamma-limit of finite agent controls
This paper focuses on the role of a government of a large population of interacting agents as a mean field optimal control problem derived from deterministic finite agent dynamics. The control problems are constrained by a PDE of continuity-type without diffusion, governing the dynamics of the probability distribution of the agent population. We derive existence of optimal controls in a measure-theoretical setting as natural limits of finite agent optimal controls without any assumption on the regularity of control competitors. In particular, we prove the consistency of mean-field optimal controls with corresponding underlying finite agent ones. The results follow from a $\Gamma$-convergence argument constructed over the mean-field limit, which stems from leveraging the superposition principle.
math.AP math.OC
this paper focuses on the role of a government of a large population of interacting agents as a mean field optimal control problem derived from deterministic finite agent dynamics the control problems are constrained by a pde of continuitytype without diffusion governing the dynamics of the probability distribution of the agent population we derive existence of optimal controls in a measuretheoretical setting as natural limits of finite agent optimal controls without any assumption on the regularity of control competitors in particular we prove the consistency of meanfield optimal controls with corresponding underlying finite agent ones the results follow from a gammaconvergence argument constructed over the meanfield limit which stems from leveraging the superposition principle
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1,803.0469
Outflowing OH$^+$ in Markarian 231: the ionization rate of the molecular gas
The oxygen-bearing molecular ions OH+, H2O+, and H3O+ are key species that probe the ionization rate of (partially) molecular gas that is ionized by X-rays and cosmic rays permeating the interstellar medium. We report Herschel far-infrared and submillimeter spectroscopic observations of OH+ in Mrk 231, showing both ground-state P-Cygni profiles, and excited line profiles with blueshifted absorption wings extending up to ~1000 km s^{-1}. In addition, OH+ probes an excited component peaking at central velocities, likely arising from the torus probed by the OH centimeter-wave megamaser. Four lines of H2O+ are also detected at systemic velocities, but H3O+ is undetected. Based on our earlier OH studies, we estimate an abundance ratio of OH/OH+~5-10 for the outflowing components and ~20 for the torus, and an OH+ abundance relative to H nuclei of ~>10^{-7}. We also find high OH+/H2O+ and OH+/H3O+ ratios, both are ~>4 in the torus and ~>10-20 in the outflowing gas components. Chemical models indicate that these high OH+ abundances relative to OH, H2O+, and H3O+ are characteristic of gas with a high ionization rate per unit density, \zeta/n_H~(1-5)x10^{-17} cm^3 s^{-1} and ~(1-2)x10^{-16} cm^3 s^{-1} for the above components, respectively, and an ionization rate of \zeta~(0.5-2)x10^{-12} s^{-1}. X-rays appear to be unable to explain the inferred ionization rate, and thus we suggest that low-energy (10-400 MeV) cosmic-rays are primarily responsible for the ionization with \dot{M}_{CR}~0.01 M_{sun} yr^{-1} and \dot{E}_{CR}~10^{44} erg s^{-1}, the latter corresponding to 1% of the AGN luminosity and similar to the energetics of the molecular outflow. We suggest that cosmic-rays accelerated in the forward shock associated with the molecular outflow are responsible for the ionization, as they diffuse through the outflowing molecular phase downstream.
astro-ph.GA
the oxygenbearing molecular ions oh h2o and h3o are key species that probe the ionization rate of partially molecular gas that is ionized by xrays and cosmic rays permeating the interstellar medium we report herschel farinfrared and submillimeter spectroscopic observations of oh in mrk 231 showing both groundstate pcygni profiles and excited line profiles with blueshifted absorption wings extending up to 1000 km s1 in addition oh probes an excited component peaking at central velocities likely arising from the torus probed by the oh centimeterwave megamaser four lines of h2o are also detected at systemic velocities but h3o is undetected based on our earlier oh studies we estimate an abundance ratio of ohoh510 for the outflowing components and 20 for the torus and an oh abundance relative to h nuclei of 107 we also find high ohh2o and ohh3o ratios both are 4 in the torus and 1020 in the outflowing gas components chemical models indicate that these high oh abundances relative to oh h2o and h3o are characteristic of gas with a high ionization rate per unit density zetan_h15x1017 cm3 s1 and 12x1016 cm3 s1 for the above components respectively and an ionization rate of zeta052x1012 s1 xrays appear to be unable to explain the inferred ionization rate and thus we suggest that lowenergy 10400 mev cosmicrays are primarily responsible for the ionization with dotm_cr001 m_sun yr1 and dote_cr1044 erg s1 the latter corresponding to 1 of the agn luminosity and similar to the energetics of the molecular outflow we suggest that cosmicrays accelerated in the forward shock associated with the molecular outflow are responsible for the ionization as they diffuse through the outflowing molecular phase downstream
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1,803.04691
The Helical Superstructure of Intermediate Filaments
Intermediate filaments are the least explored among the large cytoskeletal elements. We show here that they display conformational anomalies in narrow microfluidic channels. Their unusual behavior can be understood as the consequence of a previously undetected, large scale helically curved superstructure. Confinement in a channel orders the otherwise soft, strongly fluctuating helical filaments and enhances their structural correlations, giving rise to experimentally detectable, strongly oscillating tangent correlation functions. We propose an explanation for the detected intrinsic curving phenomenon - an elastic shape instability that we call autocoiling. The mechanism involves self-induced filament buckling via a surface stress located at the outside of the cross-section. The results agree with ultrastructural findings and rationalize for the commonly observed looped intermediate filament shapes.
cond-mat.soft
intermediate filaments are the least explored among the large cytoskeletal elements we show here that they display conformational anomalies in narrow microfluidic channels their unusual behavior can be understood as the consequence of a previously undetected large scale helically curved superstructure confinement in a channel orders the otherwise soft strongly fluctuating helical filaments and enhances their structural correlations giving rise to experimentally detectable strongly oscillating tangent correlation functions we propose an explanation for the detected intrinsic curving phenomenon an elastic shape instability that we call autocoiling the mechanism involves selfinduced filament buckling via a surface stress located at the outside of the crosssection the results agree with ultrastructural findings and rationalize for the commonly observed looped intermediate filament shapes
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1,803.04692
Can a bright and energetic X-ray pulsar be hiding amid the debris of SN 1987A?
The mass of the stellar precursor of supernova (SN) 1987A and the burst of neutrinos observed at the moment of the explosion are consistent with the core-collapse formation of a neutron star. However, no compelling evidence for the presence in SN 1987A of a compact object of any kind has been found yet in any band of the electromagnetic spectrum, prompting questions on whether the neutron star survived and, if it did, on its properties. Starting from the analysis of recent Chandra observations, here we appraise the current observational situation. We derived limits on the X-ray luminosity of a compact object with a nonthermal, Crab-pulsar-like spectrum of the order of $\approx$$(1$-$5)\times10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$, corresponding to limits on the rotational energy loss of a possible X-ray pulsar in SN 1987A of $\approx$$(0.5$-$1.5)\times10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$. However, a much brighter X-ray source cannot be excluded if, as is likely, it is enshrouded in a cloud of absorbing matter with metallicity similar to that expected in the outer layers of a massive star towards the end of its life. We found that other limits obtained from various arguments and observations in other energy ranges either are unbinding or allow a similar maximum luminosity of the order of $\approx$$10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$. We conclude that while a pulsar alike the one in the Crab Nebula in both luminosity and spectrum is hardly compatible with the observations, there is ample space for an `ordinary' X-ray-emitting young neutron star, born with normal initial spin period, temperature and magnetic field, to be hiding inside the evolving remnant of SN 1987A.
astro-ph.HE
the mass of the stellar precursor of supernova sn 1987a and the burst of neutrinos observed at the moment of the explosion are consistent with the corecollapse formation of a neutron star however no compelling evidence for the presence in sn 1987a of a compact object of any kind has been found yet in any band of the electromagnetic spectrum prompting questions on whether the neutron star survived and if it did on its properties starting from the analysis of recent chandra observations here we appraise the current observational situation we derived limits on the xray luminosity of a compact object with a nonthermal crabpulsarlike spectrum of the order of approx15times1035 erg s1 corresponding to limits on the rotational energy loss of a possible xray pulsar in sn 1987a of approx0515times1038 erg s1 however a much brighter xray source cannot be excluded if as is likely it is enshrouded in a cloud of absorbing matter with metallicity similar to that expected in the outer layers of a massive star towards the end of its life we found that other limits obtained from various arguments and observations in other energy ranges either are unbinding or allow a similar maximum luminosity of the order of approx1035 erg s1 we conclude that while a pulsar alike the one in the crab nebula in both luminosity and spectrum is hardly compatible with the observations there is ample space for an ordinary xrayemitting young neutron star born with normal initial spin period temperature and magnetic field to be hiding inside the evolving remnant of sn 1987a
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1,803.04693
Liouville term for neutrinos: Flavor structure and wave interpretation
Neutrino production, absorption, transport, and flavor evolution in astrophysical environments is described by a kinetic equation $D\varrho=-i[{\sf H},\varrho]+{\cal C}[\varrho]$. Its basic elements are generalized occupation numbers $\varrho$, matrices in flavor space, that depend on time $t$, space $\bf x$, and momentum $\bf p$. The commutator expression encodes flavor conversion in terms of a matrix $\sf H$ of oscillation frequencies, whereas ${\cal C}[\varrho]$ represents source and sink terms as well as collisions. The Liouville operator on the left hand side involves linear derivatives in $t$, $\bf x$ and $\bf p$. The simplified expression $D=\partial_t+\hat{\bf p}\cdot{\partial}_{\bf x}$ for ultra-relativistic neutrinos was recently questioned in that flavor-dependent velocities should appear instead of the unit vector $\hat{\bf p}$. Moreover, a new damping term was postulated as a result. We here derive the full flavor-dependent velocity structure of the Liouville term although it appears to cause only higher-order corrections. Moreover, we argue that on the scale of the neutrino oscillation length, the kinetic equation can be seen as a first-order wave equation.
hep-ph astro-ph.HE
neutrino production absorption transport and flavor evolution in astrophysical environments is described by a kinetic equation dvarrhoisf hvarrhocal cvarrho its basic elements are generalized occupation numbers varrho matrices in flavor space that depend on time t space bf x and momentum bf p the commutator expression encodes flavor conversion in terms of a matrix sf h of oscillation frequencies whereas cal cvarrho represents source and sink terms as well as collisions the liouville operator on the left hand side involves linear derivatives in t bf x and bf p the simplified expression dpartial_thatbf pcdotpartial_bf x for ultrarelativistic neutrinos was recently questioned in that flavordependent velocities should appear instead of the unit vector hatbf p moreover a new damping term was postulated as a result we here derive the full flavordependent velocity structure of the liouville term although it appears to cause only higherorder corrections moreover we argue that on the scale of the neutrino oscillation length the kinetic equation can be seen as a firstorder wave equation
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1,803.04694
Hybrid Structures and Strain-Tunable Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanothreads
The newly synthesized ultrathin carbon nanothreads have drawn great attention from the carbon community. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic properties of carbon nanothreads under the influence of two important factors: the Stone-Wales (SW) type defect and the lattice strain. The SW defect is intrinsic to the polymer-I structure of the nanothreads and is a building block for the general hybrid structures. We find that the bandgap of the nanothreads can be tuned by the concentration of SW defects in a wide range of $3.92 \sim 4.82$ eV, interpolating between the bandgaps of $sp^{3}$-(3,0) structure and the polymer-I structure. Under strain, the bandgaps of all the structures, including the hybrid ones, show a nonmonotonic variation: the bandgap first increases with strain, then drops at large strain above 10%. The gap size can be effectively tuned by strain in a wide range ($>0.5$ eV). Interestingly, for $sp^{3}$-(3,0) structure, a switch of band ordering occurs under strain at the valence band maximum, and for the polymer-I structure, an indirect-to-direct-bandgap transition occurs at about 8% strain. The result also indicates that the presence of SW defects tends to stabilize the bandgap size against strain. Our findings suggest the great potential of structure- and strain-engineered carbon nanothreads in optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical applications as well as stress sensors.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
the newly synthesized ultrathin carbon nanothreads have drawn great attention from the carbon community here based on firstprinciples calculations we investigate the electronic properties of carbon nanothreads under the influence of two important factors the stonewales sw type defect and the lattice strain the sw defect is intrinsic to the polymeri structure of the nanothreads and is a building block for the general hybrid structures we find that the bandgap of the nanothreads can be tuned by the concentration of sw defects in a wide range of 392 sim 482 ev interpolating between the bandgaps of sp330 structure and the polymeri structure under strain the bandgaps of all the structures including the hybrid ones show a nonmonotonic variation the bandgap first increases with strain then drops at large strain above 10 the gap size can be effectively tuned by strain in a wide range 05 ev interestingly for sp330 structure a switch of band ordering occurs under strain at the valence band maximum and for the polymeri structure an indirecttodirectbandgap transition occurs at about 8 strain the result also indicates that the presence of sw defects tends to stabilize the bandgap size against strain our findings suggest the great potential of structure and strainengineered carbon nanothreads in optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical applications as well as stress sensors
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1,803.04695
Wafer-scale fabrication of 2D van der Waals heterojunctions for efficient and broadband photodetection
A variety of fabrication methods for van der Waals heterostructures have been demonstrated; however, their wafer-scale deposition remains a challenge. Here we report few-layer van der Waals PtS2/PtSe2 heterojunction photodiodes fabricated on a 2" SiO2/Si substrate that is only limited by the size of work chamber of the growth equipment, offering throughputs necessary for practical applications. Theoretical simulation results show that the bandgap of PtS2 is shrunk to half of its original size in the PtS2/PtSe2 heterostructures, while PtSe2 exhibits a limited response to the coupling. Both PtSe2 and PtS2 layers in the coupled system are still semiconductors. Dynamic photovoltaic switching in the heterojunctions is observed at zero-volt state under laser illuminations of 532 to 2200 nm wavelengths. The PtS2/PtSe2 photodiodes show excellent characteristics in terms of a high photoresponsivity of 361 mAW-1, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 84%, and a fast response speed (66 ms). The wafer-scale production of 2D photodiodes in this work accelerates the possibility of 2D materials for practical applications in the next-generation energy-efficient electronics.
cond-mat.mes-hall
a variety of fabrication methods for van der waals heterostructures have been demonstrated however their waferscale deposition remains a challenge here we report fewlayer van der waals pts2ptse2 heterojunction photodiodes fabricated on a 2 sio2si substrate that is only limited by the size of work chamber of the growth equipment offering throughputs necessary for practical applications theoretical simulation results show that the bandgap of pts2 is shrunk to half of its original size in the pts2ptse2 heterostructures while ptse2 exhibits a limited response to the coupling both ptse2 and pts2 layers in the coupled system are still semiconductors dynamic photovoltaic switching in the heterojunctions is observed at zerovolt state under laser illuminations of 532 to 2200 nm wavelengths the pts2ptse2 photodiodes show excellent characteristics in terms of a high photoresponsivity of 361 maw1 an external quantum efficiency eqe of 84 and a fast response speed 66 ms the waferscale production of 2d photodiodes in this work accelerates the possibility of 2d materials for practical applications in the nextgeneration energyefficient electronics
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1,803.04696
Time-resolved boson sampling with photons of different colors
Interference of multiple photons via a linear-optical network has profound applications for quantum foundation, quantum metrology and quantum computation. Particularly, a boson sampling experiment with a moderate number of photons becomes intractable even for the most powerful classical computers, and will lead to "quantum supremacy". Scaling up from small-scale experiments requires highly indistinguishable single photons, which may be prohibited for many physical systems. Here we experimentally demonstrate a time-resolved version of boson sampling by using photons not overlapping in their frequency spectra from three atomic-ensemble quantum memories. Time-resolved measurement enables us to observe nonclassical multiphoton correlation landscapes. An average fidelity over several interferometer configurations is measured to be 0.936(13), which is mainly limited by high-order events. Symmetries in the landscapes are identified to reflect symmetries of the optical network. Our work thus provides a route towards quantum supremacy with distinguishable photons.
quant-ph physics.optics
interference of multiple photons via a linearoptical network has profound applications for quantum foundation quantum metrology and quantum computation particularly a boson sampling experiment with a moderate number of photons becomes intractable even for the most powerful classical computers and will lead to quantum supremacy scaling up from smallscale experiments requires highly indistinguishable single photons which may be prohibited for many physical systems here we experimentally demonstrate a timeresolved version of boson sampling by using photons not overlapping in their frequency spectra from three atomicensemble quantum memories timeresolved measurement enables us to observe nonclassical multiphoton correlation landscapes an average fidelity over several interferometer configurations is measured to be 093613 which is mainly limited by highorder events symmetries in the landscapes are identified to reflect symmetries of the optical network our work thus provides a route towards quantum supremacy with distinguishable photons
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1,803.04697
ALPS: The Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver
The Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver (ALPS) is a parallelised numerical code that solves the dispersion relation in a hot (even relativistic) magnetised plasma with an arbitrary number of particle species with arbitrary gyrotropic equilibrium distribution functions for any direction of wave propagation with respect to the background field. ALPS reads the background momentum distributions as tables of values on a $(p_{\perp},p_{\parallel})$ grid, where $p_{\perp}$ and $p_{\parallel }$ are the momentum coordinates in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field, respectively. We present the mathematical and numerical approach used by ALPS and introduce our algorithms for the handling of poles and the analytic continuation for the Landau contour integral. We then show test calculations of dispersion relations for a selection of stable and unstable configurations in Maxwellian, bi-Maxwellian, $\kappa$-distributed, and J\"uttner-distributed plasmas. These tests demonstrate that ALPS derives reliable plasma dispersion relations. ALPS will make it possible to determine the properties of waves and instabilities in the non-equilibrium plasmas that are frequently found in space, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations.
physics.space-ph astro-ph.SR physics.plasm-ph
the arbitrary linear plasma solver alps is a parallelised numerical code that solves the dispersion relation in a hot even relativistic magnetised plasma with an arbitrary number of particle species with arbitrary gyrotropic equilibrium distribution functions for any direction of wave propagation with respect to the background field alps reads the background momentum distributions as tables of values on a p_perpp_parallel grid where p_perp and p_parallel are the momentum coordinates in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field respectively we present the mathematical and numerical approach used by alps and introduce our algorithms for the handling of poles and the analytic continuation for the landau contour integral we then show test calculations of dispersion relations for a selection of stable and unstable configurations in maxwellian bimaxwellian kappadistributed and juttnerdistributed plasmas these tests demonstrate that alps derives reliable plasma dispersion relations alps will make it possible to determine the properties of waves and instabilities in the nonequilibrium plasmas that are frequently found in space laboratory experiments and numerical simulations
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1,803.04698
Design and characterization of electronic fractals
The dimensionality of an electronic quantum system is decisive for its properties. In 1D electrons form a Luttinger liquid and in 2D they exhibit the quantum Hall effect. However, very little is known about the behavior of electrons in non-integer, i.e. fractional dimensions. Here, we show how arrays of artificial atoms can be defined by controlled positioning of CO molecules on a Cu(111) surface, and how these sites couple to form electronic Sierpinski fractals. We characterize the electron wavefunctions at different energies with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and show that they inherit the fractional dimension. Wavefunctions delocalized over the Sierpinski structure decompose into self-similar parts at higher energy, and this scale invariance can also be retrieved in reciprocal space. Our results show that electronic quantum fractals can be man-made by atomic manipulation in a scanning tunneling microscope. The same methodology will allow to address fundamental questions on the effects of spin-orbit interaction and a magnetic field on electrons in non-integer dimensions. Moreover, the rational concept of artificial atoms can readily be transferred to planar semiconductor electronics, allowing for the exploration of electrons in a well-defined fractal geometry, including interactions and external fields.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the dimensionality of an electronic quantum system is decisive for its properties in 1d electrons form a luttinger liquid and in 2d they exhibit the quantum hall effect however very little is known about the behavior of electrons in noninteger ie fractional dimensions here we show how arrays of artificial atoms can be defined by controlled positioning of co molecules on a cu111 surface and how these sites couple to form electronic sierpinski fractals we characterize the electron wavefunctions at different energies with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and show that they inherit the fractional dimension wavefunctions delocalized over the sierpinski structure decompose into selfsimilar parts at higher energy and this scale invariance can also be retrieved in reciprocal space our results show that electronic quantum fractals can be manmade by atomic manipulation in a scanning tunneling microscope the same methodology will allow to address fundamental questions on the effects of spinorbit interaction and a magnetic field on electrons in noninteger dimensions moreover the rational concept of artificial atoms can readily be transferred to planar semiconductor electronics allowing for the exploration of electrons in a welldefined fractal geometry including interactions and external fields
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1,803.04699
Instability of precession driven Kelvin modes: Evidence of a detuning effect
We report an experimental study of the instability of a nearly-resonant Kelvin mode forced by precession in a cylindrical vessel. The instability is detected above a critical precession ratio via the appearance of peaks in the temporal power spectrum of pressure fluctuations measured at the end-walls of the cylinder. The corresponding frequencies can be grouped into frequency sets satisfying resonance conditions with the forced Kelvin mode. We show that one triad is associated with a parametric resonance of Kelvin modes. For the first time, we observe a significant frequency variation of the unstable modes with the precession ratio. We explain this frequency modification by considering a detuning mechanism due to the slowdown of the background flow. By introducing a semi-analytical model, we show that the departure of the flow from the solid body rotation leads to a modification of the dispersion relation of Kelvin modes and to a detuning of the resonance condition. Our calculations reproduce the features of experimental measurements. We also show that a second frequency set, including one very low frequency as observed in the experiment, does not exhibit the properties of a parametric resonance between Kelvin modes. Our observations suggest that it may correspond to the instability of a geostrophic mode.
physics.flu-dyn
we report an experimental study of the instability of a nearlyresonant kelvin mode forced by precession in a cylindrical vessel the instability is detected above a critical precession ratio via the appearance of peaks in the temporal power spectrum of pressure fluctuations measured at the endwalls of the cylinder the corresponding frequencies can be grouped into frequency sets satisfying resonance conditions with the forced kelvin mode we show that one triad is associated with a parametric resonance of kelvin modes for the first time we observe a significant frequency variation of the unstable modes with the precession ratio we explain this frequency modification by considering a detuning mechanism due to the slowdown of the background flow by introducing a semianalytical model we show that the departure of the flow from the solid body rotation leads to a modification of the dispersion relation of kelvin modes and to a detuning of the resonance condition our calculations reproduce the features of experimental measurements we also show that a second frequency set including one very low frequency as observed in the experiment does not exhibit the properties of a parametric resonance between kelvin modes our observations suggest that it may correspond to the instability of a geostrophic mode
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1,803.047
Classical from Quantum
We consider the quantum-to-classical transition for macroscopic systems coupled to their environments. By applying Born's Rule, we are led to a particular set of quantum trajectories, or an unravelling, that describes the state of the system from the frame of reference of the subsystem. The unravelling involves a branch dependent Schmidt decomposition of the total state vector. The state in the subsystem frame, the conditioned state, is described by a Poisson process that involves a non-linear deterministic effective Schrodinger equation interspersed with quantum jumps into orthogonal states. We then consider a system whose classical analogue is a generic chaotic system. Although the state spreads out exponentially over phase space, the state in the frame of the subsystem localizes onto a narrow wave packet that follows the classical trajectory due to Ehrenfest's Theorem. Quantum jumps occur with a rate that is the order of the effective Lyapunov exponent of the classical chaotic system and imply that the wave packet undergoes random kicks described by the classical Langevin equation of Brownian motion. The implication of the analysis is that this theory can explain in detail how classical mechanics arises from quantum mechanics by using only unitary evolution and Born's Rule applied to a subsystem.
quant-ph hep-th
we consider the quantumtoclassical transition for macroscopic systems coupled to their environments by applying borns rule we are led to a particular set of quantum trajectories or an unravelling that describes the state of the system from the frame of reference of the subsystem the unravelling involves a branch dependent schmidt decomposition of the total state vector the state in the subsystem frame the conditioned state is described by a poisson process that involves a nonlinear deterministic effective schrodinger equation interspersed with quantum jumps into orthogonal states we then consider a system whose classical analogue is a generic chaotic system although the state spreads out exponentially over phase space the state in the frame of the subsystem localizes onto a narrow wave packet that follows the classical trajectory due to ehrenfests theorem quantum jumps occur with a rate that is the order of the effective lyapunov exponent of the classical chaotic system and imply that the wave packet undergoes random kicks described by the classical langevin equation of brownian motion the implication of the analysis is that this theory can explain in detail how classical mechanics arises from quantum mechanics by using only unitary evolution and borns rule applied to a subsystem
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1,803.04701
Inverse Problem of Diffraction by an Inhomogeneous Solid with a Piecewise Hoelder Refractive Index
The problem of reconstruction of an unknown refractive index $k(x)$ of an inhomogeneous solid $P$ is considered. The refractive index is assumed to be a piecewise-H\"{o}lder function The original boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation is reduced to the integral Lippman-Schwinger equation. The incident wave is defeined by a point source located outside $P.$ The solution of the inverse problem is obtained in two steps. First, the "current" $ J = (k^2 - k_0^2)u$ is determined in the inhomogeneity region. Second, the desired function $k (x) $ is expressed via the current $ J (x) $ and the incident wave $u_0.$ The uniqueness of the solution $J$ to the first-kind integral equation is proved in the class of piecewise-constant functions. The two-step method was verified by solving a test problem with a given refractive index. The comparison between the approximate solutions and the exact one approved the efficiency of the proposed method.
math.NA
the problem of reconstruction of an unknown refractive index kx of an inhomogeneous solid p is considered the refractive index is assumed to be a piecewiseholder function the original boundary value problem for the helmholtz equation is reduced to the integral lippmanschwinger equation the incident wave is defeined by a point source located outside p the solution of the inverse problem is obtained in two steps first the current j k2 k_02u is determined in the inhomogeneity region second the desired function k x is expressed via the current j x and the incident wave u_0 the uniqueness of the solution j to the firstkind integral equation is proved in the class of piecewiseconstant functions the twostep method was verified by solving a test problem with a given refractive index the comparison between the approximate solutions and the exact one approved the efficiency of the proposed method
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1,803.04702
A Computationally Efficient Model for Pedestrian Motion Prediction
We present a mathematical model to predict pedestrian motion over a finite horizon, intended for use in collision avoidance algorithms for autonomous driving. The model is based on a road map structure, and assumes a rational pedestrian behavior. We compare our model with the state-of-the art and discuss its accuracy, and limitations, both in simulations and in comparison to real data.
cs.SY
we present a mathematical model to predict pedestrian motion over a finite horizon intended for use in collision avoidance algorithms for autonomous driving the model is based on a road map structure and assumes a rational pedestrian behavior we compare our model with the stateofthe art and discuss its accuracy and limitations both in simulations and in comparison to real data
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1,803.04703
Anomalies in $b \to s$ transitions and dark matter
Since 2013, the LHCb collaboration has reported on the measurement of several observables associated to $b \to s$ transitions, finding various deviations from their predicted values in the Standard Model. These include a set of deviations in branching ratios and angular observables, as well as in the observables $R_K$ and $R_{K^\ast}$, specially built to test the possible violation of Lepton Flavor Universality. Even though these tantalizing hints are not conclusive yet, the $b \to s$ anomalies have gained considerable attention in the flavor community. Here we review New Physics models that address these anomalies and explore their possible connection to the dark matter of the Universe. After discussing some of the ideas introduced in these works and classifying the proposed models, two selected examples are presented in detail in order to illustrate the potential interplay between these two areas of current particle physics.
hep-ph
since 2013 the lhcb collaboration has reported on the measurement of several observables associated to b to s transitions finding various deviations from their predicted values in the standard model these include a set of deviations in branching ratios and angular observables as well as in the observables r_k and r_kast specially built to test the possible violation of lepton flavor universality even though these tantalizing hints are not conclusive yet the b to s anomalies have gained considerable attention in the flavor community here we review new physics models that address these anomalies and explore their possible connection to the dark matter of the universe after discussing some of the ideas introduced in these works and classifying the proposed models two selected examples are presented in detail in order to illustrate the potential interplay between these two areas of current particle physics
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1,803.04704
Gamow-Teller transitions and neutron-proton-pair transfer reactions
We propose a schematic model of nucleons moving in spin--orbit partner levels, $j=l\pm{\sfrac12}$, to explain Gamow--Teller and two-nucleon transfer data in $N=Z$ nuclei above $^{40}$Ca. Use of the $LS$ coupling scheme provides a more transparent approach to interpret the structure and reaction data.We apply the model to the analysis of charge-exchange, $^{42}$Ca($^3$He,t)$^{42}$Sc, and np-transfer, $^{40}$Ca($^3$He,p)$^{42}$Sc, reactions data to define the elementary modes of excitation in terms of both isovector and isoscalar pairs, whose properties can be determined by adjusting the parameters of the model (spin--orbit splitting, isovector pairing strength and quadrupole matrix element) to the available data. The overall agreement with experiment suggests that the approach captures the main physics ingredients and provides the basis for a boson approximation that can be extended to heavier nuclei. Our analysis also reveals that the SU(4)-symmetry limit is not realized in $^{42}$Sc.
nucl-th
we propose a schematic model of nucleons moving in spinorbit partner levels jlpmsfrac12 to explain gamowteller and twonucleon transfer data in nz nuclei above 40ca use of the ls coupling scheme provides a more transparent approach to interpret the structure and reaction datawe apply the model to the analysis of chargeexchange 42ca3het42sc and nptransfer 40ca3hep42sc reactions data to define the elementary modes of excitation in terms of both isovector and isoscalar pairs whose properties can be determined by adjusting the parameters of the model spinorbit splitting isovector pairing strength and quadrupole matrix element to the available data the overall agreement with experiment suggests that the approach captures the main physics ingredients and provides the basis for a boson approximation that can be extended to heavier nuclei our analysis also reveals that the su4symmetry limit is not realized in 42sc
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1,803.04705
On the Dimensional-like Characteristics Arising From Linear Inhomogeneous Approximations
As it follows from the theory of almost periodic functions the set of integer solutions $q$ to the Kronecker system $|\omega_{j} q - \theta_{j}| < \varepsilon \pmod 1$, $j=1,\ldots,m$, where $1,\omega_{1},\ldots,\omega_{m}$ are linearly independent over $\mathbb{Q}$, is relatively dense in $\mathbb{R}$. The latter means that there is $L(\varepsilon)>0$ such that any segment of length $L(\varepsilon)$ contains at least one integer solution to the Kronecker system. We give some lower and upper non-effective (asymptotic) estimates for $L(\varepsilon)$ and, in particular, show that $L(\varepsilon) = \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)^{m+o(1)}$ as $\varepsilon \to 0$ for many cases, including algebraic numbers as well as badly approximable numbers. We use methods of dimension theory and Diophantine approximations of $m$-tuples satisfying the Diophantine condition.
math.NT
as it follows from the theory of almost periodic functions the set of integer solutions q to the kronecker system omega_j q theta_j varepsilon pmod 1 j1ldotsm where 1omega_1ldotsomega_m are linearly independent over mathbbq is relatively dense in mathbbr the latter means that there is lvarepsilon0 such that any segment of length lvarepsilon contains at least one integer solution to the kronecker system we give some lower and upper noneffective asymptotic estimates for lvarepsilon and in particular show that lvarepsilon leftfrac1varepsilonrightmo1 as varepsilon to 0 for many cases including algebraic numbers as well as badly approximable numbers we use methods of dimension theory and diophantine approximations of mtuples satisfying the diophantine condition
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1,803.04706
Policy Search in Continuous Action Domains: an Overview
Continuous action policy search is currently the focus of intensive research, driven both by the recent success of deep reinforcement learning algorithms and the emergence of competitors based on evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, we present a broad survey of policy search methods, providing a unified perspective on very different approaches, including also Bayesian Optimization and directed exploration methods. The main message of this overview is in the relationship between the families of methods, but we also outline some factors underlying sample efficiency properties of the various approaches.
cs.LG
continuous action policy search is currently the focus of intensive research driven both by the recent success of deep reinforcement learning algorithms and the emergence of competitors based on evolutionary algorithms in this paper we present a broad survey of policy search methods providing a unified perspective on very different approaches including also bayesian optimization and directed exploration methods the main message of this overview is in the relationship between the families of methods but we also outline some factors underlying sample efficiency properties of the various approaches
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1,803.04707
Particle cooling in Vaporizing Coolant
The approximate mathematical model for a cooling of the particle in a volatile liquid is developed and analyzed. Despite the precise model is complex and requires the solution of the nonstationary two-phase flow equations with the conjugated heat transfer boundary problem for the particle, vapor, and liquid cooling pool, the considered simple model may be of interest. Vapor is permanently produced and removed from the coolant pool. Analysis of the model obtained resulted in some correlations for the three main parameters of the cooling process, which may be used for estimation of the particle cooling.
physics.app-ph
the approximate mathematical model for a cooling of the particle in a volatile liquid is developed and analyzed despite the precise model is complex and requires the solution of the nonstationary twophase flow equations with the conjugated heat transfer boundary problem for the particle vapor and liquid cooling pool the considered simple model may be of interest vapor is permanently produced and removed from the coolant pool analysis of the model obtained resulted in some correlations for the three main parameters of the cooling process which may be used for estimation of the particle cooling
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1,803.04708
Moduli spaces of local G-shtukas
We give an overview of the theory of local G-shtukas and their moduli spaces that were introduced in joint work of U.~Hartl and the author, and in the past years studied by many people. We also discuss relations to moduli of global G-shtukas, properties of their special fiber through affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties and of their generic fiber, such as the period map.
math.AG
we give an overview of the theory of local gshtukas and their moduli spaces that were introduced in joint work of uhartl and the author and in the past years studied by many people we also discuss relations to moduli of global gshtukas properties of their special fiber through affine delignelusztig varieties and of their generic fiber such as the period map
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1,803.04709
Interactions of twisted $\Omega$-loops in a model solar convection zone
This study aims at investigating the ability of strong interactions between magnetic field concentrations during their rise through the convection zone to produce complex active regions at the solar surface. To do so, we perform numerical simulations of buoyant magnetic structures evolving and interacting in a model solar convection zone. We first produce a 3D model of rotating convection and then introduce idealized magnetic structures close to the bottom of the computational domain. These structures possess a certain degree of field line twist and they are made buoyant on a particular extension in longitude. The resulting twisted $\Omega$-loops will thus evolve inside a spherical convective shell possessing large-scale mean flows. We present results on the interaction between two such loops with various initial parameters (mainly buoyancy and twist) and on the complexity of the emerging magnetic field. In agreement with analytical predictions, we find that if the loops are introduced with opposite handedness and same axial field direction or same handedness but opposite axial field, they bounce against each other. The emerging region is then constituted of two separated bipolar structures. On the contrary, if the loops are introduced with the same direction of axial and peripheral magnetic fields and if sufficiently close, they merge while rising. This more interesting case produces complex magnetic structures, with a high degree of non-neutralized currents, especially when the convective motions act significantly on the magnetic field. This indicates that those interactions could be good candidates to produce eruptive events like flares or CMEs.
astro-ph.SR
this study aims at investigating the ability of strong interactions between magnetic field concentrations during their rise through the convection zone to produce complex active regions at the solar surface to do so we perform numerical simulations of buoyant magnetic structures evolving and interacting in a model solar convection zone we first produce a 3d model of rotating convection and then introduce idealized magnetic structures close to the bottom of the computational domain these structures possess a certain degree of field line twist and they are made buoyant on a particular extension in longitude the resulting twisted omegaloops will thus evolve inside a spherical convective shell possessing largescale mean flows we present results on the interaction between two such loops with various initial parameters mainly buoyancy and twist and on the complexity of the emerging magnetic field in agreement with analytical predictions we find that if the loops are introduced with opposite handedness and same axial field direction or same handedness but opposite axial field they bounce against each other the emerging region is then constituted of two separated bipolar structures on the contrary if the loops are introduced with the same direction of axial and peripheral magnetic fields and if sufficiently close they merge while rising this more interesting case produces complex magnetic structures with a high degree of nonneutralized currents especially when the convective motions act significantly on the magnetic field this indicates that those interactions could be good candidates to produce eruptive events like flares or cmes
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1,803.0471
Effect of direct reaction channels on deep sub-barrier fusion in asymmetric systems
A steeper fall of fusion excitation function, compared to the predictions of coupled-channels models, at energies below the lowest barrier between the reaction partners, is termed as deep sub-barrier fusion hindrance. This phenomenon has been observed in many symmetric and nearly-symmetric systems. Different physical origins of the hindrance have been proposed. This work aims to study the probable effects of direct reactions on deep sub-barrier fusion cross sections. Fusion (evaporation residue) cross sections have been measured for the system $^{19}$F+$^{181}$Ta, from above the barrier down to the energies where fusion hindrance is expected to come into play. Coupled-channels calculation with standard Woods-Saxon potential gives a fair description of the fusion excitation function down to energies $\simeq 14\%$ below the barrier for the present system. This is in contrast with the observation of increasing fusion hindrance in asymmetric reactions induced by increasingly heavier projectiles, \textit{viz.} $^{6,7}$Li, $^{11}$B, $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O. The asymmetric reactions, which have not shown any signature of fusion hindrance within the measured energy range, are found to be induced by projectiles with lower $\alpha$ break-up threshold, compared to the reactions which have shown signatures of fusion hindrance. In addition, most of the $Q$-values for light particles pick-up channels are negative for the reactions which have exhibited strong signatures of fusion hindrance, \textit{viz.} $^{12}$C+$^{198}$Pt and $^{16}$O+$^{204,208}$Pb. Thus, break-up of projectile and particle transfer channels with positive $Q$-values seem to compensate for the hindrance in fusion deep below the barrier. Inclusion of break-up and transfer channels within the framework of coupled-channels calculation would be of interest.
nucl-ex nucl-th
a steeper fall of fusion excitation function compared to the predictions of coupledchannels models at energies below the lowest barrier between the reaction partners is termed as deep subbarrier fusion hindrance this phenomenon has been observed in many symmetric and nearlysymmetric systems different physical origins of the hindrance have been proposed this work aims to study the probable effects of direct reactions on deep subbarrier fusion cross sections fusion evaporation residue cross sections have been measured for the system 19f181ta from above the barrier down to the energies where fusion hindrance is expected to come into play coupledchannels calculation with standard woodssaxon potential gives a fair description of the fusion excitation function down to energies simeq 14 below the barrier for the present system this is in contrast with the observation of increasing fusion hindrance in asymmetric reactions induced by increasingly heavier projectiles textitviz 67li 11b 12c and 16o the asymmetric reactions which have not shown any signature of fusion hindrance within the measured energy range are found to be induced by projectiles with lower alpha breakup threshold compared to the reactions which have shown signatures of fusion hindrance in addition most of the qvalues for light particles pickup channels are negative for the reactions which have exhibited strong signatures of fusion hindrance textitviz 12c198pt and 16o204208pb thus breakup of projectile and particle transfer channels with positive qvalues seem to compensate for the hindrance in fusion deep below the barrier inclusion of breakup and transfer channels within the framework of coupledchannels calculation would be of interest
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1,803.04711
Compact 3D quantum memory
Superconducting 3D microwave cavities offer state-of-the-art coherence times and a well controlled environment for superconducting qubits. In order to realize at the same time fast readout and long-lived quantum information storage, one can couple the qubit both to a low-quality readout and a high-quality storage cavity. However, such systems are bulky compared to their less coherent 2D counterparts. A more compact and scalable approach is achieved by making use of the multimode structure of a 3D cavity. In our work, we investigate such a device where a transmon qubit is capacitively coupled to two modes of a single 3D cavity. The external coupling is engineered so that the memory mode has an about 100 times larger quality factor than the readout mode. Using an all-microwave second-order protocol, we realize a lifetime enhancement of the stored state over the qubit lifetime by a factor of $6$ with a fidelity of approximately $80\%$ determined via quantum process tomography. We also find that this enhancement is not limited by fundamental constraints.
quant-ph
superconducting 3d microwave cavities offer stateoftheart coherence times and a well controlled environment for superconducting qubits in order to realize at the same time fast readout and longlived quantum information storage one can couple the qubit both to a lowquality readout and a highquality storage cavity however such systems are bulky compared to their less coherent 2d counterparts a more compact and scalable approach is achieved by making use of the multimode structure of a 3d cavity in our work we investigate such a device where a transmon qubit is capacitively coupled to two modes of a single 3d cavity the external coupling is engineered so that the memory mode has an about 100 times larger quality factor than the readout mode using an allmicrowave secondorder protocol we realize a lifetime enhancement of the stored state over the qubit lifetime by a factor of 6 with a fidelity of approximately 80 determined via quantum process tomography we also find that this enhancement is not limited by fundamental constraints
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1,803.04712
Probing Measurement Induced Effects in Quantum Walks via Recurrence
Measurements on a quantum particle unavoidably affect its state, since the otherwise unitary evolution of the system is interrupted by a non-unitary projection operation. In order to probe measurement-induced effects in the state dynamics using a quantum simulator, the challenge is to implement controlled measurements on a small subspace of the system and continue the evolution from the complementary subspace. A powerful platform for versatile quantum evolution is represented by photonic quantum walks due to their high control over all relevant parameters. However, measurement-induced dynamics in such a platform have not yet been realized. Here we implement controlled measurements in a discrete-time quantum walk based on time multiplexing. This is achieved by adding a deterministic out-coupling of the optical signal to include measurements constrained to specific positions resulting in the projection of the walker's state on the remaining ones. With this platform and coherent input light we experimentally simulate measurement-induced single particle quantum dynamics. We demonstrate the difference between dynamics with only a single measurement at the final step and those including measurements during the evolution. To this aim we study recurrence as a figure of merit, i.e. the return probability to the walker's starting position, which is measured in the two cases. We track the development of the return probability over 36 time steps and observe the onset of both recurrent and transient evolution as an effect of the different measurement schemes, a signature which only emerges for quantum systems. Our simulation of the observed one particle conditional quantum dynamics does not require a genuine quantum particle but is demonstrated with coherent light.
quant-ph
measurements on a quantum particle unavoidably affect its state since the otherwise unitary evolution of the system is interrupted by a nonunitary projection operation in order to probe measurementinduced effects in the state dynamics using a quantum simulator the challenge is to implement controlled measurements on a small subspace of the system and continue the evolution from the complementary subspace a powerful platform for versatile quantum evolution is represented by photonic quantum walks due to their high control over all relevant parameters however measurementinduced dynamics in such a platform have not yet been realized here we implement controlled measurements in a discretetime quantum walk based on time multiplexing this is achieved by adding a deterministic outcoupling of the optical signal to include measurements constrained to specific positions resulting in the projection of the walkers state on the remaining ones with this platform and coherent input light we experimentally simulate measurementinduced single particle quantum dynamics we demonstrate the difference between dynamics with only a single measurement at the final step and those including measurements during the evolution to this aim we study recurrence as a figure of merit ie the return probability to the walkers starting position which is measured in the two cases we track the development of the return probability over 36 time steps and observe the onset of both recurrent and transient evolution as an effect of the different measurement schemes a signature which only emerges for quantum systems our simulation of the observed one particle conditional quantum dynamics does not require a genuine quantum particle but is demonstrated with coherent light
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1,803.04713
A Gaze-Assisted Multimodal Approach to Rich and Accessible Human-Computer Interaction
Recent advancements in eye tracking technology are driving the adoption of gaze-assisted interaction as a rich and accessible human-computer interaction paradigm. Gaze-assisted interaction serves as a contextual, non-invasive, and explicit control method for users without disabilities; for users with motor or speech impairments, text entry by gaze serves as the primary means of communication. Despite significant advantages, gaze-assisted interaction is still not widely accepted because of its inherent limitations: 1) Midas touch, 2) low accuracy for mouse-like interactions, 3) need for repeated calibration, 4) visual fatigue with prolonged usage, 5) lower gaze typing speed, and so on. This dissertation research proposes a gaze-assisted, multimodal, interaction paradigm, and related frameworks and their applications that effectively enable gaze-assisted interactions while addressing many of the current limitations. In this regard, we present four systems that leverage gaze-assisted interaction: 1) a gaze- and foot-operated system for precise point-and-click interactions, 2) a dwell-free, foot-operated gaze typing system. 3) a gaze gesture-based authentication system, and 4) a gaze gesture-based interaction toolkit. In addition, we also present the goals to be achieved, technical approach, and overall contributions of this dissertation research.
cs.HC
recent advancements in eye tracking technology are driving the adoption of gazeassisted interaction as a rich and accessible humancomputer interaction paradigm gazeassisted interaction serves as a contextual noninvasive and explicit control method for users without disabilities for users with motor or speech impairments text entry by gaze serves as the primary means of communication despite significant advantages gazeassisted interaction is still not widely accepted because of its inherent limitations 1 midas touch 2 low accuracy for mouselike interactions 3 need for repeated calibration 4 visual fatigue with prolonged usage 5 lower gaze typing speed and so on this dissertation research proposes a gazeassisted multimodal interaction paradigm and related frameworks and their applications that effectively enable gazeassisted interactions while addressing many of the current limitations in this regard we present four systems that leverage gazeassisted interaction 1 a gaze and footoperated system for precise pointandclick interactions 2 a dwellfree footoperated gaze typing system 3 a gaze gesturebased authentication system and 4 a gaze gesturebased interaction toolkit in addition we also present the goals to be achieved technical approach and overall contributions of this dissertation research
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1,803.04714
Hydrodynamics of Diffusion in Lipid Membrane Simulations
By performing molecular dynamics simulations with up to 132 million coarse-grained particles in half-micron sized boxes, we show that hydrodynamics quantitatively explains the finite-size effects on diffusion of lipids, proteins, and carbon nanotubes in membranes. The resulting Oseen correction allows us to extract infinite-system diffusion coefficients and membrane surface viscosities from membrane simulations despite the logarithmic divergence of apparent diffusivities with increasing box width. The hydrodynamic theory of diffusion applies also to membranes with asymmetric leaflets and embedded proteins, and to a complex plasma-membrane mimetic.
cond-mat.soft physics.bio-ph
by performing molecular dynamics simulations with up to 132 million coarsegrained particles in halfmicron sized boxes we show that hydrodynamics quantitatively explains the finitesize effects on diffusion of lipids proteins and carbon nanotubes in membranes the resulting oseen correction allows us to extract infinitesystem diffusion coefficients and membrane surface viscosities from membrane simulations despite the logarithmic divergence of apparent diffusivities with increasing box width the hydrodynamic theory of diffusion applies also to membranes with asymmetric leaflets and embedded proteins and to a complex plasmamembrane mimetic
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1,803.04715
Hierarchical Learning of Cross-Language Mappings through Distributed Vector Representations for Code
Translating a program written in one programming language to another can be useful for software development tasks that need functionality implementations in different languages. Although past studies have considered this problem, they may be either specific to the language grammars, or specific to certain kinds of code elements (e.g., tokens, phrases, API uses). This paper proposes a new approach to automatically learn cross-language representations for various kinds of structural code elements that may be used for program translation. Our key idea is two folded: First, we normalize and enrich code token streams with additional structural and semantic information, and train cross-language vector representations for the tokens (a.k.a. shared embeddings based on word2vec, a neural-network-based technique for producing word embeddings; Second, hierarchically from bottom up, we construct shared embeddings for code elements of higher levels of granularity (e.g., expressions, statements, methods) from the embeddings for their constituents, and then build mappings among code elements across languages based on similarities among embeddings. Our preliminary evaluations on about 40,000 Java and C# source files from 9 software projects show that our approach can automatically learn shared embeddings for various code elements in different languages and identify their cross-language mappings with reasonable Mean Average Precision scores. When compared with an existing tool for mapping library API methods, our approach identifies many more mappings accurately. The mapping results and code can be accessed at https://github.com/bdqnghi/hierarchical-programming-language-mapping. We believe that our idea for learning cross-language vector representations with code structural information can be a useful step towards automated program translation.
cs.LG cs.CL cs.SE
translating a program written in one programming language to another can be useful for software development tasks that need functionality implementations in different languages although past studies have considered this problem they may be either specific to the language grammars or specific to certain kinds of code elements eg tokens phrases api uses this paper proposes a new approach to automatically learn crosslanguage representations for various kinds of structural code elements that may be used for program translation our key idea is two folded first we normalize and enrich code token streams with additional structural and semantic information and train crosslanguage vector representations for the tokens aka shared embeddings based on word2vec a neuralnetworkbased technique for producing word embeddings second hierarchically from bottom up we construct shared embeddings for code elements of higher levels of granularity eg expressions statements methods from the embeddings for their constituents and then build mappings among code elements across languages based on similarities among embeddings our preliminary evaluations on about 40000 java and c source files from 9 software projects show that our approach can automatically learn shared embeddings for various code elements in different languages and identify their crosslanguage mappings with reasonable mean average precision scores when compared with an existing tool for mapping library api methods our approach identifies many more mappings accurately the mapping results and code can be accessed at httpsgithubcombdqnghihierarchicalprogramminglanguagemapping we believe that our idea for learning crosslanguage vector representations with code structural information can be a useful step towards automated program translation
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1,803.04716
Cosmic clocks: A Tight Radius - Velocity Relationship for HI-Selected Galaxies
HI-Selected galaxies obey a linear relationship between their maximum detected radius Rmax and rotational velocity. This result covers measurements in the optical, ultraviolet, and HI emission in galaxies spanning a factor of 30 in size and velocity, from small dwarf irregulars to the largest spirals. Hence, galaxies behave as clocks, rotating once a Gyr at the very outskirts of their discs. Observations of a large optically-selected sample are consistent, implying this relationship is generic to disc galaxies in the low redshift Universe. A linear RV relationship is expected from simple models of galaxy formation and evolution. The total mass within Rmax has collapsed by a factor of 37 compared to the present mean density of the Universe. Adopting standard assumptions we find a mean halo spin parameter lambda in the range 0.020 to 0.035. The dispersion in lambda, 0.16 dex, is smaller than expected from simulations. This may be due to the biases in our selection of disc galaxies rather than all halos. The estimated mass densities of stars and atomic gas at Rmax are similar (~0.5 Msun/pc^2) indicating outer discs are highly evolved. The gas consumption and stellar population build time-scales are hundreds of Gyr, hence star formation is not driving the current evolution of outer discs. The estimated ratio between Rmax and disc scale length is consistent with long-standing predictions from monolithic collapse models. Hence, it remains unclear whether disc extent results from continual accretion, a rapid initial collapse, secular evolution or a combination thereof.
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
hiselected galaxies obey a linear relationship between their maximum detected radius rmax and rotational velocity this result covers measurements in the optical ultraviolet and hi emission in galaxies spanning a factor of 30 in size and velocity from small dwarf irregulars to the largest spirals hence galaxies behave as clocks rotating once a gyr at the very outskirts of their discs observations of a large opticallyselected sample are consistent implying this relationship is generic to disc galaxies in the low redshift universe a linear rv relationship is expected from simple models of galaxy formation and evolution the total mass within rmax has collapsed by a factor of 37 compared to the present mean density of the universe adopting standard assumptions we find a mean halo spin parameter lambda in the range 0020 to 0035 the dispersion in lambda 016 dex is smaller than expected from simulations this may be due to the biases in our selection of disc galaxies rather than all halos the estimated mass densities of stars and atomic gas at rmax are similar 05 msunpc2 indicating outer discs are highly evolved the gas consumption and stellar population build timescales are hundreds of gyr hence star formation is not driving the current evolution of outer discs the estimated ratio between rmax and disc scale length is consistent with longstanding predictions from monolithic collapse models hence it remains unclear whether disc extent results from continual accretion a rapid initial collapse secular evolution or a combination thereof
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1,803.04717
Computational parameter retrieval approach to the dynamic homogenization of a periodic array of rigid rectangular blocks
We propose to homogenize a periodic (along one direction) structure, first in order to verify the quasi-static prediction of its response to an acoustic wave arising from mixing theory, then to address the question of what becomes of this prediction at higher frequencies. This homogenization is treated as an inverse (parameter retrieval) problem, i.e., by which we: (1) generate far-field (i.e., specular reflection and transmission coefficients) response data for the given periodic structure, (2) replace (initially by thought) this (inhomgoeneous) structure by a homogeneous (surrogate) layer, (3) compute the response of the surrogate layer response for various trial constitutive properties, (4) search for the global minimum of the discrepancy between the response data of the given structure and the various trial parameter responses (5) attribute the homogenized properties of the surrogate layer for which the minimum of the discrepancy is attained. The result is that: (i) at low frequencies and/or large filling factors, the effective constitutive properties are close to their static equivalents, i.e., the effective mass density is the product of a factor related to the given structure filling factor with the mass density of a generic substructure of the given structure and the effective velocity is equal to the velocity in the said generic substructure, 2) at higher frequencies and/or smaller city filling factors, the effective constitutive properties are dispersive and do not take on a simple mathematical form, with this dispersion compensating for the discordance between the ways the inhomogeneous given structure and the homogeneous surrogate layer respond to the acoustic wave.
physics.app-ph
we propose to homogenize a periodic along one direction structure first in order to verify the quasistatic prediction of its response to an acoustic wave arising from mixing theory then to address the question of what becomes of this prediction at higher frequencies this homogenization is treated as an inverse parameter retrieval problem ie by which we 1 generate farfield ie specular reflection and transmission coefficients response data for the given periodic structure 2 replace initially by thought this inhomgoeneous structure by a homogeneous surrogate layer 3 compute the response of the surrogate layer response for various trial constitutive properties 4 search for the global minimum of the discrepancy between the response data of the given structure and the various trial parameter responses 5 attribute the homogenized properties of the surrogate layer for which the minimum of the discrepancy is attained the result is that i at low frequencies andor large filling factors the effective constitutive properties are close to their static equivalents ie the effective mass density is the product of a factor related to the given structure filling factor with the mass density of a generic substructure of the given structure and the effective velocity is equal to the velocity in the said generic substructure 2 at higher frequencies andor smaller city filling factors the effective constitutive properties are dispersive and do not take on a simple mathematical form with this dispersion compensating for the discordance between the ways the inhomogeneous given structure and the homogeneous surrogate layer respond to the acoustic wave
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1,803.04718
Entanglement entropy in inhomogeneous quenches in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$
We compute entanglement entropy and differential entropy in inhomogeneous holographic quenches in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. The quenches are arbitrarily inhomogeneous and modeled by an infalling shell of massless non-rotating matter where the final state is not dual to a static black hole but rather to a black hole with time-dependent stress-energy tensor modes. We study the entanglement entropy of an interval and differential entropy of a family of intervals analytically when the inhomogeneities have a perturbative amplitude and numerically for non-perturbative inhomogeneities. While we are in principle able to study these quantities for any inhomogeneities, we discuss two concrete examples: an oscillatory quench and a bilocal quench. Both cases display saturation towards a steady state but do not fully thermalize. Depending on the location and size of the interval, the entanglement entropy displays a variety of interesting phenomena such as plateau phases, bumps, and discontinuities in its first derivative with respect to time.
hep-th
we compute entanglement entropy and differential entropy in inhomogeneous holographic quenches in ads_3cft_2 the quenches are arbitrarily inhomogeneous and modeled by an infalling shell of massless nonrotating matter where the final state is not dual to a static black hole but rather to a black hole with timedependent stressenergy tensor modes we study the entanglement entropy of an interval and differential entropy of a family of intervals analytically when the inhomogeneities have a perturbative amplitude and numerically for nonperturbative inhomogeneities while we are in principle able to study these quantities for any inhomogeneities we discuss two concrete examples an oscillatory quench and a bilocal quench both cases display saturation towards a steady state but do not fully thermalize depending on the location and size of the interval the entanglement entropy displays a variety of interesting phenomena such as plateau phases bumps and discontinuities in its first derivative with respect to time
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1,803.04719
Soft-Drop Thrust
Soft drop, a technique originally developed in the context of jet physics in proton-proton collisions in order to reduce the contamination from non-perturbative effects, is applied to event shapes in electron-positron annihilation. In particular, we study the thrust distribution at the $Z$ pole and show that the region where non-perturbative corrections due to the hadronisation process are small is considerably extended if soft drop is applied. Therefore, we argue that the use of soft drop to reduce hadronisation effects is potentially of great benefit in the context of strong coupling determination using event shapes, which would be otherwise characterised by a strong correlation between $\alpha_s$ and non-perturbative parameters. However, reduced sensitivity to hadronisation corrections is only one of the aspects that need to be considered. In this context, we show that perturbative calculability, especially away from the soft and collinear region of the event-shape spectrum, has a nontrivial interplay with the soft-drop observable of choice. To this purpose, besides thrust, we investigate the behaviour of the hemisphere mass as well as the jet mass. We find that the latter shows the most promising behaviour in the intermediate region of the spectrum, especially if small jet radii are considered.
hep-ph
soft drop a technique originally developed in the context of jet physics in protonproton collisions in order to reduce the contamination from nonperturbative effects is applied to event shapes in electronpositron annihilation in particular we study the thrust distribution at the z pole and show that the region where nonperturbative corrections due to the hadronisation process are small is considerably extended if soft drop is applied therefore we argue that the use of soft drop to reduce hadronisation effects is potentially of great benefit in the context of strong coupling determination using event shapes which would be otherwise characterised by a strong correlation between alpha_s and nonperturbative parameters however reduced sensitivity to hadronisation corrections is only one of the aspects that need to be considered in this context we show that perturbative calculability especially away from the soft and collinear region of the eventshape spectrum has a nontrivial interplay with the softdrop observable of choice to this purpose besides thrust we investigate the behaviour of the hemisphere mass as well as the jet mass we find that the latter shows the most promising behaviour in the intermediate region of the spectrum especially if small jet radii are considered
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1,803.0472
Explanation of the EPF experiment in terms of gravity gradients
Results of the E\"otv\"os Pek\'ar and Fekete (EPF) equivalence test were used by Fischbach and coworkers in 1986 as an argument in favor of a hypothetical fifth force. Although this hypothesis was abandoned in view of the negative experimental results that followed, we still miss plausible explanation of the EPF results. This situation motivated us to investigate the EPF test in terms of gravity gradients. This paper presents arguments that the results can be explained as a classical systematic effect related to the ambient gravity field. We found that gradients of the ambient gravity field caused a false equivalence violation signal. Firstly, this was due to the time variation of gravity gradients, in spite of the fact that the experimenters were aware of it and designed a method to cancel it. Second, the EPF samples had different shapes and therefore the gravitational force was necessarily different in a constant, but inhomogeneous gravity field. We demonstrate that there is an ambient gravity field where these effects can fully reproduce the EPF results.
gr-qc
results of the eotvos pekar and fekete epf equivalence test were used by fischbach and coworkers in 1986 as an argument in favor of a hypothetical fifth force although this hypothesis was abandoned in view of the negative experimental results that followed we still miss plausible explanation of the epf results this situation motivated us to investigate the epf test in terms of gravity gradients this paper presents arguments that the results can be explained as a classical systematic effect related to the ambient gravity field we found that gradients of the ambient gravity field caused a false equivalence violation signal firstly this was due to the time variation of gravity gradients in spite of the fact that the experimenters were aware of it and designed a method to cancel it second the epf samples had different shapes and therefore the gravitational force was necessarily different in a constant but inhomogeneous gravity field we demonstrate that there is an ambient gravity field where these effects can fully reproduce the epf results
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1,803.04721
Two conjectures in Ramsey-Tur\'an theory
Given graphs $H_1,\ldots, H_k$, a graph $G$ is $(H_1,\ldots, H_k)$-free if there is a $k$-edge-colouring $\phi:E(G)\rightarrow [k]$ with no monochromatic copy of $H_i$ with edges of colour $i$ for each $i\in[k]$. Fix a function $f(n)$, the Ramsey-Tur\'an function $\textrm{RT}(n,H_1,\ldots,H_k,f(n))$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $(H_1,\ldots,H_k)$-free graph with independence number at most $f(n)$. We determine $\textrm{RT}(n,K_3,K_s,\delta n)$ for $s\in\{3,4,5\}$ and sufficiently small $\delta$, confirming a conjecture of Erd\H{o}s and S\'os from 1979. It is known that $\textrm{RT}(n,K_8,f(n))$ has a phase transition at $f(n)=\Theta(\sqrt{n\log n})$. However, the values of $\textrm{RT}(n,K_8, o(\sqrt{n\log n}))$ was not known. We determined this value by proving $\textrm{RT}(n,K_8,o(\sqrt{n\log n}))=\frac{n^2}{4}+o(n^2)$, answering a question of Balogh, Hu and Simonovits. The proofs utilise, among others, dependent random choice and results from graph packings.
math.CO
given graphs h_1ldots h_k a graph g is h_1ldots h_kfree if there is a kedgecolouring phiegrightarrow k with no monochromatic copy of h_i with edges of colour i for each iink fix a function fn the ramseyturan function textrmrtnh_1ldotsh_kfn is the maximum number of edges in an nvertex h_1ldotsh_kfree graph with independence number at most fn we determine textrmrtnk_3k_sdelta n for sin345 and sufficiently small delta confirming a conjecture of erdhos and sos from 1979 it is known that textrmrtnk_8fn has a phase transition at fnthetasqrtnlog n however the values of textrmrtnk_8 osqrtnlog n was not known we determined this value by proving textrmrtnk_8osqrtnlog nfracn24on2 answering a question of balogh hu and simonovits the proofs utilise among others dependent random choice and results from graph packings
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1,803.04722
Face Spoofing Detection by Fusing Binocular Depth and Spatial Pyramid Coding Micro-Texture Features
Robust features are of vital importance to face spoofing detection, because various situations make feature space extremely complicated to partition. Thus in this paper, two novel and robust features for anti-spoofing are proposed. The first one is a binocular camera based depth feature called Template Face Matched Binocular Depth (TFBD) feature. The second one is a high-level micro-texture based feature called Spatial Pyramid Coding Micro-Texture (SPMT) feature. Novel template face registration algorithm and spatial pyramid coding algorithm are also introduced along with the two novel features. Multi-modal face spoofing detection is implemented based on these two robust features. Experiments are conducted on a widely used dataset and a comprehensive dataset constructed by ourselves. The results reveal that face spoofing detection with the fusion of our proposed features is of strong robustness and time efficiency, meanwhile outperforming other state-of-the-art traditional methods.
cs.CV
robust features are of vital importance to face spoofing detection because various situations make feature space extremely complicated to partition thus in this paper two novel and robust features for antispoofing are proposed the first one is a binocular camera based depth feature called template face matched binocular depth tfbd feature the second one is a highlevel microtexture based feature called spatial pyramid coding microtexture spmt feature novel template face registration algorithm and spatial pyramid coding algorithm are also introduced along with the two novel features multimodal face spoofing detection is implemented based on these two robust features experiments are conducted on a widely used dataset and a comprehensive dataset constructed by ourselves the results reveal that face spoofing detection with the fusion of our proposed features is of strong robustness and time efficiency meanwhile outperforming other stateoftheart traditional methods
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1,803.04723
Anomalous scaling of the optimal cost in the one-dimensional random assignment problem
We consider the random Euclidean assignment problem on the line between two sets of $N$ random points, independently generated with the same probability density function $\varrho$. The cost of the matching is supposed to be dependent on a power $p>1$ of the Euclidean distance of the matched pairs. We discuss an integral expression for the average optimal cost for $N\gg 1$ that generalizes a previous result obtained for $p=2$. We also study the possible divergence of the given expression due to the vanishing of the probability density function. The provided regularization recipe allows us to recover the proper scaling law for the cost in the divergent cases, and possibly some of the involved coefficients. The possibility that the support of $\varrho$ is a disconnected interval is also analysed. We exemplify the proposed procedure and we compare our predictions with the results of numerical simulations.
cond-mat.dis-nn math-ph math.MP
we consider the random euclidean assignment problem on the line between two sets of n random points independently generated with the same probability density function varrho the cost of the matching is supposed to be dependent on a power p1 of the euclidean distance of the matched pairs we discuss an integral expression for the average optimal cost for ngg 1 that generalizes a previous result obtained for p2 we also study the possible divergence of the given expression due to the vanishing of the probability density function the provided regularization recipe allows us to recover the proper scaling law for the cost in the divergent cases and possibly some of the involved coefficients the possibility that the support of varrho is a disconnected interval is also analysed we exemplify the proposed procedure and we compare our predictions with the results of numerical simulations
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1,803.04724
On hyperbolicity and Gevrey well-posedness. Part three: a class of weakly hyperbolic systems
We consider a class of weakly hyperbolic systems of first-order, nonlinear PDEs. Weak hyperbolicity means here that the principal symbol of the system has a crossing of eigenvalues, and is not uniformly diagonalizable. We prove the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem in the Gevrey regularity for all Gevrey indices greater than $1/2$. The proof is based on the construction of a suitable approximate symmetrizer of the principal symbol and an energy estimate in Gevrey spaces. We discuss both the generality of the assumption on the structure of the principal symbol and the sharpness of the lower bound of the Gevrey index.
math.AP
we consider a class of weakly hyperbolic systems of firstorder nonlinear pdes weak hyperbolicity means here that the principal symbol of the system has a crossing of eigenvalues and is not uniformly diagonalizable we prove the wellposedness of the cauchy problem in the gevrey regularity for all gevrey indices greater than 12 the proof is based on the construction of a suitable approximate symmetrizer of the principal symbol and an energy estimate in gevrey spaces we discuss both the generality of the assumption on the structure of the principal symbol and the sharpness of the lower bound of the gevrey index
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1,803.04725
Storage and Repair Bandwidth Tradeoff for Distributed Storage Systems with Clusters and Separate Nodes
The optimal tradeoff between node storage and repair bandwidth is an important issue for distributed storage systems (DSSs). As for realistic DSSs with clusters, when repairing a failed node, it is more efficient to download more data from intra-cluster nodes than from cross-cluster nodes. Therefore, it is meaningful to differentiate the repair bandwidth from intra-cluster and cross-cluster. For cluster DSSs the tradeoff has been considered with special repair assumptions where all the alive nodes are utilized to repair a failed node. In this paper, we investigate the optimal tradeoff for cluster DSSs under more general storage/repair parameters. Furthermore, a regenerating code construction strategy achieving the points in the optimal tradeoff curve is proposed for cluster DSSs with specific parameters as a numerical example. Moreover, the influence of separate nodes for the tradeoff is also considered for DSSs with clusters and separated nodes.
cs.DC cs.IT math.IT
the optimal tradeoff between node storage and repair bandwidth is an important issue for distributed storage systems dsss as for realistic dsss with clusters when repairing a failed node it is more efficient to download more data from intracluster nodes than from crosscluster nodes therefore it is meaningful to differentiate the repair bandwidth from intracluster and crosscluster for cluster dsss the tradeoff has been considered with special repair assumptions where all the alive nodes are utilized to repair a failed node in this paper we investigate the optimal tradeoff for cluster dsss under more general storagerepair parameters furthermore a regenerating code construction strategy achieving the points in the optimal tradeoff curve is proposed for cluster dsss with specific parameters as a numerical example moreover the influence of separate nodes for the tradeoff is also considered for dsss with clusters and separated nodes
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1,803.04726
Generalized SART Methods for Tomographic Imaging
Nowadays, the field computed tomography (CT) encompasses a large variety of settings, ranging from nanoscale to meter-sized objects imaged by different kinds of radiation in various acquisition modes. This experimental diversity challenges the flexibility of tomographic reconstruction methods. Kaczmarz-type methods, which exploit the natural block-structure of tomographic inverse problems, are a promising candidate to provide the required versatility in a computationally efficient manner. In the present work, it is shown that indeed a surprisingly general class of tomographic Kaczmarz-iterations may be efficiently evaluated via computational schemes of a similar structure as updates of the so-called simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART). This enables regularized reconstructions with non-trivial image-formation models as well as non-quadratic or even non-convex data-fidelity terms at low computational costs. Moreover, the proposed generalized SART schemes are equally applicable in parallel- and cone-beam settings and regardless of the choice of tomographic incident directions. Their potential is illustrated by outlining applications in several non-standard tomographic settings, including polychromatic CT and X-ray phase contrast tomography.
math.NA physics.med-ph
nowadays the field computed tomography ct encompasses a large variety of settings ranging from nanoscale to metersized objects imaged by different kinds of radiation in various acquisition modes this experimental diversity challenges the flexibility of tomographic reconstruction methods kaczmarztype methods which exploit the natural blockstructure of tomographic inverse problems are a promising candidate to provide the required versatility in a computationally efficient manner in the present work it is shown that indeed a surprisingly general class of tomographic kaczmarziterations may be efficiently evaluated via computational schemes of a similar structure as updates of the socalled simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique sart this enables regularized reconstructions with nontrivial imageformation models as well as nonquadratic or even nonconvex datafidelity terms at low computational costs moreover the proposed generalized sart schemes are equally applicable in parallel and conebeam settings and regardless of the choice of tomographic incident directions their potential is illustrated by outlining applications in several nonstandard tomographic settings including polychromatic ct and xray phase contrast tomography
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1,803.04727
Characterization of Banach spaces $Y$ satisfying that the pair $ (\ell_\infty^4,Y )$ has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as property for operators
We study the Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as property for operators from $\ell_\infty ^4 $ to a Banach space. For this reason we introduce an appropiate geometric property, namely the AHSp-$\ell_\infty ^4$. We prove that spaces $Y$satisfying AHSp-$\ell_\infty ^4$ are precisely those spaces $Y$ such that $(\ell_\infty^4,Y)$ has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as property. We also provide classes of Banach spaces satisfying this condition. For instance, finite-dimensional spaces, uniformly convex spaces, $C_0(L)$ and $L_1 (\mu)$ satisfy AHSp-$\ell_\infty ^4 $.
math.FA
we study the bishopphelpsbollobas property for operators from ell_infty 4 to a banach space for this reason we introduce an appropiate geometric property namely the ahspell_infty 4 we prove that spaces ysatisfying ahspell_infty 4 are precisely those spaces y such that ell_infty4y has the bishopphelpsbollobas property we also provide classes of banach spaces satisfying this condition for instance finitedimensional spaces uniformly convex spaces c_0l and l_1 mu satisfy ahspell_infty 4
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1,803.04728
Study of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Structure and the Successive Eruptive Nature of Active Region 12371
We study the magnetic structure of successively erupting sigmoid in active region 12371 by modeling the quasi-static coronal field evolution with non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) equilibria. HMI/SDO vector magnetograms are used as input to the NLFFF model. In all eruption events, the modeled structure resembles the observed pre-eruptive coronal sigmoid and the NLFFF core-field is a combination of double inverse J-shaped and inverse-S field-lines with dips touching the photosphere. Such field-lines are formed by flux-cancellation reconnection of opposite-J field-lines at bald-patch locations. It implies the formation of a weakly twisted flux-rope from large scale sheared arcade field lines. Later on, this flux-rope undergo coronal tether-cutting reconnection until a CME is triggered. The modeled structure captured these major features of sigmoid-to-arcade-to-sigmoid transformation, that is being recurrent under continuous photospheric flux motions. Calculations of the field-line twist reveal a fractional increase followed by a decrease of the number of pixels having a range of twist. This traces the buildup process of a twisted core-field by slow photospheric motions and the relaxation after eruption, respectively. Our study infers that the large eruptivity of this AR is due to a steep decrease of the background coronal field meeting the torus instability criteria at low height ($\approx 40$ Mm) in contrast to non-eruptive ARs.
astro-ph.SR
we study the magnetic structure of successively erupting sigmoid in active region 12371 by modeling the quasistatic coronal field evolution with nonlinear forcefree field nlfff equilibria hmisdo vector magnetograms are used as input to the nlfff model in all eruption events the modeled structure resembles the observed preeruptive coronal sigmoid and the nlfff corefield is a combination of double inverse jshaped and inverses fieldlines with dips touching the photosphere such fieldlines are formed by fluxcancellation reconnection of oppositej fieldlines at baldpatch locations it implies the formation of a weakly twisted fluxrope from large scale sheared arcade field lines later on this fluxrope undergo coronal tethercutting reconnection until a cme is triggered the modeled structure captured these major features of sigmoidtoarcadetosigmoid transformation that is being recurrent under continuous photospheric flux motions calculations of the fieldline twist reveal a fractional increase followed by a decrease of the number of pixels having a range of twist this traces the buildup process of a twisted corefield by slow photospheric motions and the relaxation after eruption respectively our study infers that the large eruptivity of this ar is due to a steep decrease of the background coronal field meeting the torus instability criteria at low height approx 40 mm in contrast to noneruptive ars
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1,803.04729
Storage and Retrieval of Surface Polaritons
We investigate the memory of surface polariton (SP) via the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of quantum emitters doped at the interface between a dielectric and a metamaterial. We show that, due to the strong mode confinement provided by the interface, the EIT effect can be largely enhanced; furthermore, the storage and retrieval of the SP can be realized by switching off and on of a control laser field; additionally, the efficiency and fidelity of the SP memory can be improved much by using a weak microwave field. The results reported here are helpful not only for enhancing the understanding of SP property but also for promising applications in quantum information processing and transmission.
physics.optics
we investigate the memory of surface polariton sp via the electromagnetically induced transparency eit of quantum emitters doped at the interface between a dielectric and a metamaterial we show that due to the strong mode confinement provided by the interface the eit effect can be largely enhanced furthermore the storage and retrieval of the sp can be realized by switching off and on of a control laser field additionally the efficiency and fidelity of the sp memory can be improved much by using a weak microwave field the results reported here are helpful not only for enhancing the understanding of sp property but also for promising applications in quantum information processing and transmission
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1,803.0473
The $q$-linked complex Minkowski space, its real forms and deformed isometry groups
We establish duality between real forms of the quantum deformation of the 4-dimensional orthogonal group studied by Fioresi et al. and the classification work made by Borowiec et al.. Classically these real forms are the isometry groups of $\mathbb{R}^4$ equipped with Euclidean, Kleinian or Lorentzian metric. A general deformation, named $q$-linked, of each of these spaces is then constructed, together with the coaction of the corresponding isometry group.
hep-th math-ph math.MP math.QA
we establish duality between real forms of the quantum deformation of the 4dimensional orthogonal group studied by fioresi et al and the classification work made by borowiec et al classically these real forms are the isometry groups of mathbbr4 equipped with euclidean kleinian or lorentzian metric a general deformation named qlinked of each of these spaces is then constructed together with the coaction of the corresponding isometry group
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1,803.04731
Solving First Order Autonomous Algebraic Ordinary Differential Equations by Places
Given a first-order autonomous algebraic ordinary differential equation, we present a method for computing formal power series solutions by means of places. We provide an algorithm for computing a full characterization of possible initial values, classified in terms of the number of distinct formal power series solutions extending them. In addition, if a particular initial value is given, we present a second algorithm that computes all the formal power series solutions, up to a suitable degree, corresponding to it. Furthermore, when the ground field is the field of the complex numbers, we prove that the computed formal power series solutions are all convergent in suitable neighborhoods.
cs.SC
given a firstorder autonomous algebraic ordinary differential equation we present a method for computing formal power series solutions by means of places we provide an algorithm for computing a full characterization of possible initial values classified in terms of the number of distinct formal power series solutions extending them in addition if a particular initial value is given we present a second algorithm that computes all the formal power series solutions up to a suitable degree corresponding to it furthermore when the ground field is the field of the complex numbers we prove that the computed formal power series solutions are all convergent in suitable neighborhoods
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1,803.04732
Concurrent Changes to Hadley Circulation and the Meridional Distribution of Tropical Cyclones
Poleward trends in seasonal-mean latitudes of tropical cyclones (TCs) have been identified in direct observations from 1980 to present. Paleoclimate reconstructions also indicate poleward-equatorward migrations over centennial to millennial timescales. Hadley circulation (HC) is often both implicitly and explicitly invoked to provide dynamical linkages to these shifts, although no direct analysis of concurrent changes in the recent period has been presented. Here the observational TC record (1981-2016) and the ERA-Interim, JRA55 and MERRA2 reanalyses are studied to examine potential relationships between the two. A zonally-asymmetric HC is defined by employing Helmholtz theory for vector decomposition and this permits the derivation of novel HC diagnostics local to TC basins. Coherent variations in both long-term linear trends and detrended interannual variability are found. TC genesis and lifetime maximum intensity latitudes share trend sign and magnitude with shifts in local HC extent, with rates being ~0.25 plus/minus 0.1 degrees latitude decade-1. Both these lifecycle stages in hemispheric means and all Pacific TC basins, as well as poleward-extreme North Atlantic lysis latitudes, shared ~35% of their interannual variability with HC extent. Local HC intensity is linked only to eastern North Pacific TC latitudes, where strong local overturning corresponds to equatorward TC shifts. Examination of potential dynamical linkages implicates La Ni\~na-like sea surface temperature gradients to poleward HC termini. This corresponds to increased tropical and reduced subtropical vertical wind shear everywhere except in the North Atlantic and western North Pacific, where the opposite is true. These results quantify a long-hypothesized link between TCs and the large-scale oceanic-atmospheric state.
physics.ao-ph physics.geo-ph
poleward trends in seasonalmean latitudes of tropical cyclones tcs have been identified in direct observations from 1980 to present paleoclimate reconstructions also indicate polewardequatorward migrations over centennial to millennial timescales hadley circulation hc is often both implicitly and explicitly invoked to provide dynamical linkages to these shifts although no direct analysis of concurrent changes in the recent period has been presented here the observational tc record 19812016 and the erainterim jra55 and merra2 reanalyses are studied to examine potential relationships between the two a zonallyasymmetric hc is defined by employing helmholtz theory for vector decomposition and this permits the derivation of novel hc diagnostics local to tc basins coherent variations in both longterm linear trends and detrended interannual variability are found tc genesis and lifetime maximum intensity latitudes share trend sign and magnitude with shifts in local hc extent with rates being 025 plusminus 01 degrees latitude decade1 both these lifecycle stages in hemispheric means and all pacific tc basins as well as polewardextreme north atlantic lysis latitudes shared 35 of their interannual variability with hc extent local hc intensity is linked only to eastern north pacific tc latitudes where strong local overturning corresponds to equatorward tc shifts examination of potential dynamical linkages implicates la ninalike sea surface temperature gradients to poleward hc termini this corresponds to increased tropical and reduced subtropical vertical wind shear everywhere except in the north atlantic and western north pacific where the opposite is true these results quantify a longhypothesized link between tcs and the largescale oceanicatmospheric state
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1,803.04733
Gas, Dust, Stars, Star Formation and their Evolution in M33 at Giant Molecular Cloud Scales
We report on a multi parameter analysis of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. A catalog of GMCs identifed in 12CO(J=3-2) was used to compile associated 12CO(J=1-0), dust, stellar mass and star formation rate. Each of the 58 GMCs are categorized by their evolutionary stage. Applying the principal component analysis on these parameters, we construct two principal components PC1 and PC2 which retain 75% of the information in the original dataset. PC1 is interpreted as expressing the total interstellar matter content, and PC2 as the total activity of star formation. Young (<10Myr) GMCs occupy a distinct region in the PC1-PC2 plane, with lower ISM content and star formation activity compared to intermediate age and older clouds. Comparison of average cloud properties in different evolutionary stages imply that GMCs may be heated or grow denser and more massive via aggregation of diffuse material in their first ~10 Myr. The PCA also objectively identified a set of tight relations between ISM and star formation. The ratio of the two CO lines is nearly constant, but weakly modulated by massive star formation. Dust is more strongly correlated with the star formation rate than the CO lines, supporting recent findings that dust may trace molecular gas better than CO. Stellar mass contributes weakly to the star formation rate, reminiscent of an extended form of the Schmidt Kennicutt relation with the molecular gas term substituted by dust.
astro-ph.GA physics.data-an
we report on a multi parameter analysis of giant molecular clouds gmcs in the nearby spiral galaxy m33 a catalog of gmcs identifed in 12coj32 was used to compile associated 12coj10 dust stellar mass and star formation rate each of the 58 gmcs are categorized by their evolutionary stage applying the principal component analysis on these parameters we construct two principal components pc1 and pc2 which retain 75 of the information in the original dataset pc1 is interpreted as expressing the total interstellar matter content and pc2 as the total activity of star formation young 10myr gmcs occupy a distinct region in the pc1pc2 plane with lower ism content and star formation activity compared to intermediate age and older clouds comparison of average cloud properties in different evolutionary stages imply that gmcs may be heated or grow denser and more massive via aggregation of diffuse material in their first 10 myr the pca also objectively identified a set of tight relations between ism and star formation the ratio of the two co lines is nearly constant but weakly modulated by massive star formation dust is more strongly correlated with the star formation rate than the co lines supporting recent findings that dust may trace molecular gas better than co stellar mass contributes weakly to the star formation rate reminiscent of an extended form of the schmidt kennicutt relation with the molecular gas term substituted by dust
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1,803.04734
The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
[ABRIDGED] We aim to provide a holistic view on the typical size and kinematic evolution of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs), that encompasses their high-$z$ star-forming progenitors, their high-$z$ quiescent counterparts, and their configurations in the local Universe. Our investigation covers the main processes playing a relevant role in the cosmic evolution of ETGs. Specifically, their early fast evolution comprises: biased collapse of the low angular momentum gaseous baryons located in the inner regions of the host dark matter halo; cooling, fragmentation, and infall of the gas down to the radius set by the centrifugal barrier; further rapid compaction via clump/gas migration toward the galaxy center, where strong heavily dust-enshrouded star-formation takes place and most of the stellar mass is accumulated; ejection of substantial gas amount from the inner regions by feedback processes, which causes a dramatic puffing up of the stellar component. In the late slow evolution, passive aging of stellar populations and mass additions by dry merger events occur. We describe these processes relying on prescriptions inspired by basic physical arguments and by numerical simulations, to derive new analytical estimates of the relevant sizes, timescales, and kinematic properties for individual galaxies along their evolution. Then we obtain quantitative results as a function of galaxy mass and redshift, and compare them to recent observational constraints on half-light size $R_e$, on the ratio $v/\sigma$ between rotation velocity and velocity dispersion (for gas and stars) and on the specific angular momentum $j_\star$ of the stellar component; we find good consistency with the available multi-band data in average values and dispersion, both for local ETGs and for their $z\sim 1-2$ star-forming and quiescent progenitors.
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
abridged we aim to provide a holistic view on the typical size and kinematic evolution of massive earlytype galaxies etgs that encompasses their highz starforming progenitors their highz quiescent counterparts and their configurations in the local universe our investigation covers the main processes playing a relevant role in the cosmic evolution of etgs specifically their early fast evolution comprises biased collapse of the low angular momentum gaseous baryons located in the inner regions of the host dark matter halo cooling fragmentation and infall of the gas down to the radius set by the centrifugal barrier further rapid compaction via clumpgas migration toward the galaxy center where strong heavily dustenshrouded starformation takes place and most of the stellar mass is accumulated ejection of substantial gas amount from the inner regions by feedback processes which causes a dramatic puffing up of the stellar component in the late slow evolution passive aging of stellar populations and mass additions by dry merger events occur we describe these processes relying on prescriptions inspired by basic physical arguments and by numerical simulations to derive new analytical estimates of the relevant sizes timescales and kinematic properties for individual galaxies along their evolution then we obtain quantitative results as a function of galaxy mass and redshift and compare them to recent observational constraints on halflight size r_e on the ratio vsigma between rotation velocity and velocity dispersion for gas and stars and on the specific angular momentum j_star of the stellar component we find good consistency with the available multiband data in average values and dispersion both for local etgs and for their zsim 12 starforming and quiescent progenitors
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1,803.04735
Correlated Dynamics in Aqueous Proton Diffusion
The aqueous proton displays an anomalously large diffusion coefficient that is up to 7 times that of similarly sized cations. There is general consensus that the proton achieves its high diffusion through the Grotthuss mechanism, whereby protons hop from one molecule to the next. A main assumption concerning the extraction of the timescale of the Grotthuss mechanism from experimental results has been that, on average, there is an equal probability for the proton to hop to any of its neighboring water molecules. Herein, we present ab initio simulations that show this assumption is not generally valid. Specifically, we observe that there is an increased probability for the proton to revert back to its previous location. These correlations indicate that the interpretation of the experimental results need to be re-examined and suggest that the timescale of the Grotthuss mechanism is significantly shorter than was previously thought.
physics.chem-ph
the aqueous proton displays an anomalously large diffusion coefficient that is up to 7 times that of similarly sized cations there is general consensus that the proton achieves its high diffusion through the grotthuss mechanism whereby protons hop from one molecule to the next a main assumption concerning the extraction of the timescale of the grotthuss mechanism from experimental results has been that on average there is an equal probability for the proton to hop to any of its neighboring water molecules herein we present ab initio simulations that show this assumption is not generally valid specifically we observe that there is an increased probability for the proton to revert back to its previous location these correlations indicate that the interpretation of the experimental results need to be reexamined and suggest that the timescale of the grotthuss mechanism is significantly shorter than was previously thought
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1,803.04736
Coulomb-driven relativistic electron beam compression
Coulomb interaction between charged particles is a well-known phenomenon in many areas of researches. In general the Coulomb repulsion force broadens the pulse width of an electron bunch and limits the temporal resolution of many scientific facilities such as ultrafast electron diffraction and x-ray free-electron lasers. Here we demonstrate a scheme that actually makes use of Coulomb force to compress a relativistic electron beam. Furthermore, we show that the Coulomb-driven bunch compression process does not introduce additional timing jitter, which is in sharp contrast to the conventional radio-frequency buncher technique. Our work not only leads to enhanced temporal resolution in electron beam based ultrafast instruments that may provide new opportunities in probing material systems far from equilibrium, but also opens a promising direction for advanced beam manipulation through self-field interactions.
physics.acc-ph
coulomb interaction between charged particles is a wellknown phenomenon in many areas of researches in general the coulomb repulsion force broadens the pulse width of an electron bunch and limits the temporal resolution of many scientific facilities such as ultrafast electron diffraction and xray freeelectron lasers here we demonstrate a scheme that actually makes use of coulomb force to compress a relativistic electron beam furthermore we show that the coulombdriven bunch compression process does not introduce additional timing jitter which is in sharp contrast to the conventional radiofrequency buncher technique our work not only leads to enhanced temporal resolution in electron beam based ultrafast instruments that may provide new opportunities in probing material systems far from equilibrium but also opens a promising direction for advanced beam manipulation through selffield interactions
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1,803.04737
Light-Forbidden Transitions in Plasmon-Emitter Coupling
We investigate the impact that light-forbidden exciton transitions have in the near-field population dynamics and far-field scattering spectrum of hybrid plasmon-emitter systems. Specifically, we consider a V-type quantum emitter, sustaining one dipolar and one quadrupolar (dipole-inactive) excited states, placed at the nanometric gap of a particle-on-a-mirror metallic cavity. Our fully analytical description of plasmon-exciton coupling for both exciton transitions enables us to reveal the conditions in which the presence of the latter greatly alters the Purcell enhancement and Rabi splitting phenomenology in the system.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we investigate the impact that lightforbidden exciton transitions have in the nearfield population dynamics and farfield scattering spectrum of hybrid plasmonemitter systems specifically we consider a vtype quantum emitter sustaining one dipolar and one quadrupolar dipoleinactive excited states placed at the nanometric gap of a particleonamirror metallic cavity our fully analytical description of plasmonexciton coupling for both exciton transitions enables us to reveal the conditions in which the presence of the latter greatly alters the purcell enhancement and rabi splitting phenomenology in the system
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1,803.04738
Inferring neuronal couplings from spiking data using a systematic procedure with a statistical criterion
Recent remarkable advances in the experimental techniques have provided a background for inferring neuronal couplings from point process data that includes a great number of neurons. Here, we propose a systematic procedure for pre- and post-processing generic point process data in an objective manner, to handle data in the framework of a binary simple statistical model, the Ising or generalized McCulloch--Pitts model. The procedure involves two steps: (1) determining time-bin size for transforming the point-process data into discrete-time binary data and (2) screening relevant couplings from the estimated couplings. For the first step, we decide the optimal time-bin size by introducing the null hypothesis that all neurons would fire independently, then choosing a time-bin size so that the null hypothesis is rejected with the most strict criterion. The likelihood associated with the null hypothesis is analytically evaluated and used for the rejection process. For the second post-processing step, after a certain estimator of coupling is obtained based on the pre-processed dataset, the estimate is compared with many other estimates derived from datasets obtained by randomizing the original dataset in the time direction. We accept the original estimate as relevant only if its absolute value is sufficiently larger than them of randomized datasets. These manipulations suppress false positive couplings induced by statistical noise. We apply this inference procedure to spiking data from synthetic and in vitro neuronal networks. The results show that the proposed procedure identifies the presence/absence of synaptic couplings fairly well including their signs, for the synthetic and experimental data. In particular, the results support that we can infer the physical connections of underlying systems in favorable situations, even when using the simple statistical model.
cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech q-bio.NC
recent remarkable advances in the experimental techniques have provided a background for inferring neuronal couplings from point process data that includes a great number of neurons here we propose a systematic procedure for pre and postprocessing generic point process data in an objective manner to handle data in the framework of a binary simple statistical model the ising or generalized mccullochpitts model the procedure involves two steps 1 determining timebin size for transforming the pointprocess data into discretetime binary data and 2 screening relevant couplings from the estimated couplings for the first step we decide the optimal timebin size by introducing the null hypothesis that all neurons would fire independently then choosing a timebin size so that the null hypothesis is rejected with the most strict criterion the likelihood associated with the null hypothesis is analytically evaluated and used for the rejection process for the second postprocessing step after a certain estimator of coupling is obtained based on the preprocessed dataset the estimate is compared with many other estimates derived from datasets obtained by randomizing the original dataset in the time direction we accept the original estimate as relevant only if its absolute value is sufficiently larger than them of randomized datasets these manipulations suppress false positive couplings induced by statistical noise we apply this inference procedure to spiking data from synthetic and in vitro neuronal networks the results show that the proposed procedure identifies the presenceabsence of synaptic couplings fairly well including their signs for the synthetic and experimental data in particular the results support that we can infer the physical connections of underlying systems in favorable situations even when using the simple statistical model
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1,803.04739
Estimation and prediction for spatial generalized linear mixed models with parametric links via reparameterized importance sampling
Spatial generalized linear mixed models (SGLMMs) are popular for analyzing non-Gaussian spatial data. These models assume a prescribed link function that relates the underlying spatial field with the mean response. There are circumstances, such as when the data contain outlying observations, where the use of a prescribed link function can result in poor fit, which can be improved by using a parametric link function. Some popular link functions, such as the Box-Cox, are unsuitable because they are inconsistent with the Gaussian assumption of the spatial field. We present sensible choices of parametric link functions which possess desirable properties. It is important to estimate the parameters of the link function, rather than assume a known value. To that end, we present a generalized importance sampling (GIS) estimator based on multiple Markov chains for empirical Bayes analysis of SGLMMs. The GIS estimator, although more efficient than the simple importance sampling, can be highly variable when used to estimate the parameters of certain link functions. Using suitable reparameterizations of the Monte Carlo samples, we propose modified GIS estimators that do not suffer from high variability. We use Laplace approximation for choosing the multiple importance densities in the GIS estimator. Finally, we develop a methodology for selecting models with appropriate link function family, which extends to choosing a spatial correlation function as well. We present an ensemble prediction of the mean response by appropriately weighting the estimates from different models. The proposed methodology is illustrated using simulated and real data examples.
stat.CO
spatial generalized linear mixed models sglmms are popular for analyzing nongaussian spatial data these models assume a prescribed link function that relates the underlying spatial field with the mean response there are circumstances such as when the data contain outlying observations where the use of a prescribed link function can result in poor fit which can be improved by using a parametric link function some popular link functions such as the boxcox are unsuitable because they are inconsistent with the gaussian assumption of the spatial field we present sensible choices of parametric link functions which possess desirable properties it is important to estimate the parameters of the link function rather than assume a known value to that end we present a generalized importance sampling gis estimator based on multiple markov chains for empirical bayes analysis of sglmms the gis estimator although more efficient than the simple importance sampling can be highly variable when used to estimate the parameters of certain link functions using suitable reparameterizations of the monte carlo samples we propose modified gis estimators that do not suffer from high variability we use laplace approximation for choosing the multiple importance densities in the gis estimator finally we develop a methodology for selecting models with appropriate link function family which extends to choosing a spatial correlation function as well we present an ensemble prediction of the mean response by appropriately weighting the estimates from different models the proposed methodology is illustrated using simulated and real data examples
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1,803.0474
Hidden slow degrees of freedom and fluctuation theorems: an analytically solvable model
In some situations in stochastic thermodynamics not all relevant slow degrees of freedom are accessible. Consequently, one adopts an effective description involving only the visible degrees of freedom. This gives rise to an apparent entropy production that violates standard fluctuation theorems. We present an analytically solvable model illustrating how the fluctuation theorems are modified. Furthermore, we define an alternative to the apparent entropy production: the marginal entropy production which fulfills the fluctuation theorems in the usual form. We show that the non-Markovianity of the visible process is responsible for the deviations in the fluctuation theorems.
cond-mat.stat-mech
in some situations in stochastic thermodynamics not all relevant slow degrees of freedom are accessible consequently one adopts an effective description involving only the visible degrees of freedom this gives rise to an apparent entropy production that violates standard fluctuation theorems we present an analytically solvable model illustrating how the fluctuation theorems are modified furthermore we define an alternative to the apparent entropy production the marginal entropy production which fulfills the fluctuation theorems in the usual form we show that the nonmarkovianity of the visible process is responsible for the deviations in the fluctuation theorems
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1,803.04741
Chern-Weil theorem, Lovelock Lagrangians in critical dimensions and boundary terms in gravity actions
In this paper we show how to translate into tensorial language the Chern-Weil theorem for the Lorentz symmetry, which equates the difference of the Euler densities of two manifolds to the exterior derivative of a transgression form. For doing so we need to introduce an auxiliary, hybrid, manifold whose geometry we construct explicitely. This allows us to find the vector density, constructed out of spacetime quantities only, whose divergence is the exterior derivative of the transgression form. As a consequence we can show how the Einstein-Hilbert, Gauss-Bonnet and, in general, the Euler scalar densities can be written as the divergences of genuine vector densities in the critical dimensions $D=2,4$, etc. As Lovelock gravity is a dimensional continuation of Euler densities, these results are of relevance for Gauss-Bonnet and, in general, Lovelock gravity. Indeed, these vectors which can be called generalized Katz vectors ensure, in particular, a well-posed Dirichlet variational principle.
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
in this paper we show how to translate into tensorial language the chernweil theorem for the lorentz symmetry which equates the difference of the euler densities of two manifolds to the exterior derivative of a transgression form for doing so we need to introduce an auxiliary hybrid manifold whose geometry we construct explicitely this allows us to find the vector density constructed out of spacetime quantities only whose divergence is the exterior derivative of the transgression form as a consequence we can show how the einsteinhilbert gaussbonnet and in general the euler scalar densities can be written as the divergences of genuine vector densities in the critical dimensions d24 etc as lovelock gravity is a dimensional continuation of euler densities these results are of relevance for gaussbonnet and in general lovelock gravity indeed these vectors which can be called generalized katz vectors ensure in particular a wellposed dirichlet variational principle
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1,803.04742
VERSE: Versatile Graph Embeddings from Similarity Measures
Embedding a web-scale information network into a low-dimensional vector space facilitates tasks such as link prediction, classification, and visualization. Past research has addressed the problem of extracting such embeddings by adopting methods from words to graphs, without defining a clearly comprehensible graph-related objective. Yet, as we show, the objectives used in past works implicitly utilize similarity measures among graph nodes. In this paper, we carry the similarity orientation of previous works to its logical conclusion; we propose VERtex Similarity Embeddings (VERSE), a simple, versatile, and memory-efficient method that derives graph embeddings explicitly calibrated to preserve the distributions of a selected vertex-to-vertex similarity measure. VERSE learns such embeddings by training a single-layer neural network. While its default, scalable version does so via sampling similarity information, we also develop a variant using the full information per vertex. Our experimental study on standard benchmarks and real-world datasets demonstrates that VERSE, instantiated with diverse similarity measures, outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision and recall in major data mining tasks and supersedes them in time and space efficiency, while the scalable sampling-based variant achieves equally good results as the non-scalable full variant.
cs.SI cs.LG
embedding a webscale information network into a lowdimensional vector space facilitates tasks such as link prediction classification and visualization past research has addressed the problem of extracting such embeddings by adopting methods from words to graphs without defining a clearly comprehensible graphrelated objective yet as we show the objectives used in past works implicitly utilize similarity measures among graph nodes in this paper we carry the similarity orientation of previous works to its logical conclusion we propose vertex similarity embeddings verse a simple versatile and memoryefficient method that derives graph embeddings explicitly calibrated to preserve the distributions of a selected vertextovertex similarity measure verse learns such embeddings by training a singlelayer neural network while its default scalable version does so via sampling similarity information we also develop a variant using the full information per vertex our experimental study on standard benchmarks and realworld datasets demonstrates that verse instantiated with diverse similarity measures outperforms stateoftheart methods in terms of precision and recall in major data mining tasks and supersedes them in time and space efficiency while the scalable samplingbased variant achieves equally good results as the nonscalable full variant
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1,803.04743
Quantifying entropy production in active fluctuations of the hair-cell bundle from time irreversibility and uncertainty relations
We introduce lower bounds for the rate of entropy production of an active stochastic process by quantifying the irreversibility of stochastic traces obtained from mesoscopic degrees of freedom. Our measures of irreversibility reveal signatures of time's arrow and provide bounds for entropy production even in the case of active fluctuations that have no drift. We apply these irreversibility measures to experimental recordings of spontaneous hair-bundle oscillations in mechanosensory hair cells from the ear of the bullfrog. By analysing the fluctuations of only the tip position of hair bundles, we reveal irreversibility in active oscillations and estimate an associated rate of entropy production of at least $\sim 3 k_{\rm B}$/s, on average. Applying thermodynamic uncertainty relations, we predict that measuring both the tip position of the hair bundle and the mechano-electrical transduction current that enters the hair cell leads to tighter lower bounds for the rate of entropy production, up to $\sim 10^3 k_{\rm B}$/s in the oscillatory regime.
cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph physics.data-an
we introduce lower bounds for the rate of entropy production of an active stochastic process by quantifying the irreversibility of stochastic traces obtained from mesoscopic degrees of freedom our measures of irreversibility reveal signatures of times arrow and provide bounds for entropy production even in the case of active fluctuations that have no drift we apply these irreversibility measures to experimental recordings of spontaneous hairbundle oscillations in mechanosensory hair cells from the ear of the bullfrog by analysing the fluctuations of only the tip position of hair bundles we reveal irreversibility in active oscillations and estimate an associated rate of entropy production of at least sim 3 k_rm bs on average applying thermodynamic uncertainty relations we predict that measuring both the tip position of the hair bundle and the mechanoelectrical transduction current that enters the hair cell leads to tighter lower bounds for the rate of entropy production up to sim 103 k_rm bs in the oscillatory regime
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1,803.04744
On Integer Programming, Discrepancy, and Convolution
Integer programs with m constraints are solvable in pseudo-polynomial time in $\Delta$, the largest coefficient in a constraint, when m is a fixed constant. We give a new algorithm with a running time of $O(\sqrt{m}\Delta)^{2m} + O(nm)$, which improves on the state-of-the-art. Moreover, we show that improving on our algorithm for any $m$ is equivalent to improving over the quadratic time algorithm for $(\min,~+)$-convolution. This is a strong evidence that our algorithm's running time is the best possible. We also present a specialized algorithm with running time $O(\sqrt{m} \Delta)^{(1 + o(1))m} + O(nm)$ for testing feasibility of an integer program and also give a tight lower bound, which is based on the SETH in this case.
cs.DS
integer programs with m constraints are solvable in pseudopolynomial time in delta the largest coefficient in a constraint when m is a fixed constant we give a new algorithm with a running time of osqrtmdelta2m onm which improves on the stateoftheart moreover we show that improving on our algorithm for any m is equivalent to improving over the quadratic time algorithm for minconvolution this is a strong evidence that our algorithms running time is the best possible we also present a specialized algorithm with running time osqrtm delta1 o1m onm for testing feasibility of an integer program and also give a tight lower bound which is based on the seth in this case
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1,803.04745
Bimodules over ${\rm VN}(G)$, harmonic operators and the non-commutative Poisson boundary
Starting with a left ideal $J$ of $L^1(G)$ we consider its annihilator $J^{\perp}$ in $L^{\infty}(G)$ and the generated ${\rm VN}(G)$-bimodule in $\mathcal{B}(L^2(G))$, ${\rm Bim}(J^{\perp})$. We prove that ${\rm Bim}(J^{\perp})=({\rm Ran} J)^{\perp}$ when $G$ is weakly amenable discrete, compact or abelian, where ${\rm Ran} J$ is a suitable saturation of $J$ in the trace class. We define jointly harmonic functions and jointly harmonic operators and show that, for these classes of groups, the space of jointly harmonic operators is the ${\rm VN}(G)$-bimodule generated by the space of jointly harmonic functions. Using this, we give a proof of the following result of Izumi and Jaworski - Neufang: the non-commutative Poisson boundary is isomorphic to the crossed product of the space of harmonic functions by $G$.
math.OA
starting with a left ideal j of l1g we consider its annihilator jperp in linftyg and the generated rm vngbimodule in mathcalbl2g rm bimjperp we prove that rm bimjperprm ran jperp when g is weakly amenable discrete compact or abelian where rm ran j is a suitable saturation of j in the trace class we define jointly harmonic functions and jointly harmonic operators and show that for these classes of groups the space of jointly harmonic operators is the rm vngbimodule generated by the space of jointly harmonic functions using this we give a proof of the following result of izumi and jaworski neufang the noncommutative poisson boundary is isomorphic to the crossed product of the space of harmonic functions by g
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1,803.04746
A Vizing-type result for semi-total domination
A set of vertices $S$ in a simple isolate-free graph $G$ is a semi-total dominating set of $G$ if it is a dominating set of $G$ and every vertex of $S$ is within distance 2 or less with another vertex of $S$. The semi-total domination number of $G$, denoted by $\gamma_{t2}(G)$, is the minimum cardinality of a semi-total dominating set of $G$. In this paper, we study semi-total domination of Cartesian products of graphs. Our main result establishes that for any graphs $G$ and $H$, $\gamma_{t2}(G\,\square\, H)\ge \frac{1}{3}\gamma_{t2}(G)\gamma_{t2}(H)$.
math.CO
a set of vertices s in a simple isolatefree graph g is a semitotal dominating set of g if it is a dominating set of g and every vertex of s is within distance 2 or less with another vertex of s the semitotal domination number of g denoted by gamma_t2g is the minimum cardinality of a semitotal dominating set of g in this paper we study semitotal domination of cartesian products of graphs our main result establishes that for any graphs g and h gamma_t2gsquare hge frac13gamma_t2ggamma_t2h
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1,803.04747
Quasiprobability representation of quantum coherence
We introduce a general method for the construction of quasiprobability representations for arbitrary notions of quantum coherence. Our technique yields a nonnegative probability distribution for the decomposition of any classical state. Conversely, quantum phenomena are certified in terms of signed distributions, i.e., quasiprobabilities, and a residual component unaccessible via classical states. Our unifying method combines well-established concepts, such as phase-space distributions in quantum optics, with resources of quantumness relevant for quantum technologies. We apply our approach to analyze various forms of quantum coherence in different physical systems. Moreover, our framework renders it possible to uncover complex quantum correlations between systems, for example, via quasiprobability representations of multipartite entanglement.
quant-ph
we introduce a general method for the construction of quasiprobability representations for arbitrary notions of quantum coherence our technique yields a nonnegative probability distribution for the decomposition of any classical state conversely quantum phenomena are certified in terms of signed distributions ie quasiprobabilities and a residual component unaccessible via classical states our unifying method combines wellestablished concepts such as phasespace distributions in quantum optics with resources of quantumness relevant for quantum technologies we apply our approach to analyze various forms of quantum coherence in different physical systems moreover our framework renders it possible to uncover complex quantum correlations between systems for example via quasiprobability representations of multipartite entanglement
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1,803.04748
Exploring the spectrum of planar $AdS_4/CFT_3$ at finite coupling
The Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) equations for planar $\mathcal{N}=6$ super-conformal Chern-Simons (SCS) are solved numerically at finite values of the coupling constant for states in the $\mathfrak{sl}(2|1)$ sector. New weak coupling results for conformal dimensions of operators outside the $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$-like sector are obtained by adapting a recently proposed algorithm for the QSC perturbative solution. Besides being interesting in their own right, these perturbative results are necessary initial inputs for the numerical algorithm to converge on the correct solution. The non-perturbative numerical outcomes nicely interpolate between the weak coupling and the known semiclassical expansions, and novel strong coupling exact results are deduced from the numerics. Finally, the existence of contour crossing singularities in the TBA equations for the operator $\textbf{20}$ is ruled out by our analysis. The results of this paper are an important test of the QSC formalism for this model, open the way to new quantitative studies and provide further evidence in favour of the conjectured weak/strong coupling duality between $\mathcal{N}=6$ SCS and type IIA superstring theory on $AdS_4 \times CP^3$. Attached to the arXiv submission, a Mathematica implementation of the numerical method and ancillary files containing the numerical results are provided.
hep-th
the quantum spectral curve qsc equations for planar mathcaln6 superconformal chernsimons scs are solved numerically at finite values of the coupling constant for states in the mathfraksl21 sector new weak coupling results for conformal dimensions of operators outside the mathfraksl2like sector are obtained by adapting a recently proposed algorithm for the qsc perturbative solution besides being interesting in their own right these perturbative results are necessary initial inputs for the numerical algorithm to converge on the correct solution the nonperturbative numerical outcomes nicely interpolate between the weak coupling and the known semiclassical expansions and novel strong coupling exact results are deduced from the numerics finally the existence of contour crossing singularities in the tba equations for the operator textbf20 is ruled out by our analysis the results of this paper are an important test of the qsc formalism for this model open the way to new quantitative studies and provide further evidence in favour of the conjectured weakstrong coupling duality between mathcaln6 scs and type iia superstring theory on ads_4 times cp3 attached to the arxiv submission a mathematica implementation of the numerical method and ancillary files containing the numerical results are provided
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1,803.04749
Robust Contrast Enhancement Forensics Using Pixel and Histogram Domain CNNs
Contrast enhancement (CE) forensics has always been ofconcern to image forensics community. It can provide aneffective tool for recovering image history and identifyingtampered images. Although several CE forensic algorithmshave been proposed, their robustness against some processingis still unsatisfactory, such as JPEG compression and anti-forensic attacks. In order to attenuate such deficiency, inthis paper we first present a discriminability analysis of CEforensics in pixel and gray level histogram domains. Then, insuch two domains, two end-to-end methods based on convo-lutional neural networks (P-CNN, H-CNN) are proposed toachieve robust CE forensics against pre-JPEG compressionand anti-forensics attacks. Experimental results show that theproposed methods achieve much better performance than thestate-of-the-art schemes for CE detection in the case of noother operation and comparable performance when pre-JPEGcompression and anti-foresics attacks is used.
cs.MM
contrast enhancement ce forensics has always been ofconcern to image forensics community it can provide aneffective tool for recovering image history and identifyingtampered images although several ce forensic algorithmshave been proposed their robustness against some processingis still unsatisfactory such as jpeg compression and antiforensic attacks in order to attenuate such deficiency inthis paper we first present a discriminability analysis of ceforensics in pixel and gray level histogram domains then insuch two domains two endtoend methods based on convolutional neural networks pcnn hcnn are proposed toachieve robust ce forensics against prejpeg compressionand antiforensics attacks experimental results show that theproposed methods achieve much better performance than thestateoftheart schemes for ce detection in the case of noother operation and comparable performance when prejpegcompression and antiforesics attacks is used
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1,803.0475
Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling Mechanism to Maximize Cost Efficiency and User Convenience
This paper investigates the fee scheduling problem of electric vehicles (EVs) at the micro-grid scale. This problem contains a set of charging stations controlled by a central aggregator. One of the main stakeholders is the operator of the charging stations, who is motivated to minimize the cost incurred by the charging stations, while the other major stakeholders are vehicle owners who are mostly interested in user convenience, as they want their EVs to be fully charged as soon as possible. A bi-objective optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize two factors that correspond to these stakeholders. An online centralized scheduling algorithm is proposed and proven to provide a Pareto-optimal solution. Moreover, a novel low-complexity distributed algorithm is proposed to reduce both the transmission data rate and the computation complexity in the system. The algorithms are evaluated through simulation, and results reveal that the charging time in the proposed method is 30% less than that of the compared methods proposed in the literature. The data transmitted by the distributed algorithm is 33:25% lower than that of a centralized one. While the performance difference between the centralized and distributed algorithms is only 2%, the computation time shows a significant reduction.
math.OC
this paper investigates the fee scheduling problem of electric vehicles evs at the microgrid scale this problem contains a set of charging stations controlled by a central aggregator one of the main stakeholders is the operator of the charging stations who is motivated to minimize the cost incurred by the charging stations while the other major stakeholders are vehicle owners who are mostly interested in user convenience as they want their evs to be fully charged as soon as possible a biobjective optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize two factors that correspond to these stakeholders an online centralized scheduling algorithm is proposed and proven to provide a paretooptimal solution moreover a novel lowcomplexity distributed algorithm is proposed to reduce both the transmission data rate and the computation complexity in the system the algorithms are evaluated through simulation and results reveal that the charging time in the proposed method is 30 less than that of the compared methods proposed in the literature the data transmitted by the distributed algorithm is 3325 lower than that of a centralized one while the performance difference between the centralized and distributed algorithms is only 2 the computation time shows a significant reduction
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1,803.04751
Day-Ahead Energy Market as Adjustable Robust Optimization: Spatio-Temporal Pricing of Dispatchable Generators, Storage Batteries, and Uncertain Renewable Resources
We present modeling and analysis of day-ahead spatio-temporal energy markets in which each competitive aggregator aims at making the highest profit by managing a complex mixture of different energy resources, such as conventional generators, storage batteries, and uncertain renewable resources. First, we develop an energy market model in terms of an adjustable robust convex program. This market modeling is novel in the sense that the prosumption cost function of each aggregator, which evaluates the cost to realize an amount of spatio-temporal energy prosumption, is a multi-variable function resulting from a "parameterized" max-min program, in which the variable of the prosumption cost function is involved as a continuous parameter and the variable of dispatchable resources is involved as an adjustable variable for energy balance. This formulation enables to reasonably evaluate a reward for intertemporal dispatchability enhancement and a penalty for renewable energy uncertainty in a unified way. In addition, it enables to enforce a market regulation in which every aggregator is responsible for absorbing his renewable energy uncertainty by managing his own dispatchable energy resources. Second, in view of social economy as well as personal economy, we conduct a numerical analysis on the premise of several photovoltaic penetration levels. In this numerical analysis, we demonstrate that renewable generators do not always have priority of energy supply higher than conventional generators due to their uncertainty and limited dispatchability, meaning that the merit order of conventional and renewable generators can reverse. Furthermore, we analyze long-term evolution of competitive energy markets demonstrating that there can be found a social equilibrium of battery penetration levels, at which maximum personal profit with respect to battery system enhancement is attained.
math.OC
we present modeling and analysis of dayahead spatiotemporal energy markets in which each competitive aggregator aims at making the highest profit by managing a complex mixture of different energy resources such as conventional generators storage batteries and uncertain renewable resources first we develop an energy market model in terms of an adjustable robust convex program this market modeling is novel in the sense that the prosumption cost function of each aggregator which evaluates the cost to realize an amount of spatiotemporal energy prosumption is a multivariable function resulting from a parameterized maxmin program in which the variable of the prosumption cost function is involved as a continuous parameter and the variable of dispatchable resources is involved as an adjustable variable for energy balance this formulation enables to reasonably evaluate a reward for intertemporal dispatchability enhancement and a penalty for renewable energy uncertainty in a unified way in addition it enables to enforce a market regulation in which every aggregator is responsible for absorbing his renewable energy uncertainty by managing his own dispatchable energy resources second in view of social economy as well as personal economy we conduct a numerical analysis on the premise of several photovoltaic penetration levels in this numerical analysis we demonstrate that renewable generators do not always have priority of energy supply higher than conventional generators due to their uncertainty and limited dispatchability meaning that the merit order of conventional and renewable generators can reverse furthermore we analyze longterm evolution of competitive energy markets demonstrating that there can be found a social equilibrium of battery penetration levels at which maximum personal profit with respect to battery system enhancement is attained
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1,803.04752
Homological characterization of regularity in Logarithmic Algebraic Geometry
We characterize K. Kato's log regularity in terms of vanishing of (co)homology of the logarithmic cotangent complex.
math.AG
we characterize k katos log regularity in terms of vanishing of cohomology of the logarithmic cotangent complex
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1,803.04753
Adequate Predimension Inequalities in Differential Fields
In this paper we study predimension inequalities in differential fields and define what it means for such an inequality to be \emph{adequate}. Adequacy was informally introduced by Zilber, and here we give a precise definition in a quite general context. We also discuss the connection of this problem to definability of derivations in the reducts of differentially closed fields. The Ax-Schanuel inequality for the exponential differential equation (proved by Ax) and its analogue for the differential equation of the $j$-function (established by Pila and Tsimerman) are our main examples of predimensions. We carry out a Hrushovski construction with the latter predimension and obtain a natural candidate for the first-order theory of the differential equation of the $j$-function. It is analogous to Kirby's axiomatisation of the theory of the exponential differential equation (which in turn is based on the axioms of Zilber's pseudo-exponentiation), although there are many significant differences. In joint work with Sebastian Eterovi\'c and Jonathan Kirby we have recently proven that the axiomatisation obtained in this paper is indeed an axiomatisation of the theory of the differential equation of the $j$-function, that is, the Ax-Schanuel inequality for the $j$-function is adequate.
math.LO
in this paper we study predimension inequalities in differential fields and define what it means for such an inequality to be emphadequate adequacy was informally introduced by zilber and here we give a precise definition in a quite general context we also discuss the connection of this problem to definability of derivations in the reducts of differentially closed fields the axschanuel inequality for the exponential differential equation proved by ax and its analogue for the differential equation of the jfunction established by pila and tsimerman are our main examples of predimensions we carry out a hrushovski construction with the latter predimension and obtain a natural candidate for the firstorder theory of the differential equation of the jfunction it is analogous to kirbys axiomatisation of the theory of the exponential differential equation which in turn is based on the axioms of zilbers pseudoexponentiation although there are many significant differences in joint work with sebastian eterovic and jonathan kirby we have recently proven that the axiomatisation obtained in this paper is indeed an axiomatisation of the theory of the differential equation of the jfunction that is the axschanuel inequality for the jfunction is adequate
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1,803.04754
Negative index materials: some mathematical perspectives
Negative index materials are artificial structures whose refractive index has a negative value over some frequency range. These materials were postulated and investigated theoretically by Veselago in 1964 and were confirmed experimentally by Shelby, Smith, and Schultz in 2001. New fabrication techniques now allow for the construction of negative index materials at scales that are interesting for applications, which has made them a very active topic of investigation. In this paper, we report various mathematical results on the properties of negative index materials and their applications. The topics discussed herein include superlensing using complementary media, cloaking using complementary media, cloaking an object via anomalous localized resonance, and the well-posedness and the finite speed propagation in media consisting of dispersive metamaterials. Some of the results have been refined and have simpler proofs than the original ones.
math-ph math.AP math.MP
negative index materials are artificial structures whose refractive index has a negative value over some frequency range these materials were postulated and investigated theoretically by veselago in 1964 and were confirmed experimentally by shelby smith and schultz in 2001 new fabrication techniques now allow for the construction of negative index materials at scales that are interesting for applications which has made them a very active topic of investigation in this paper we report various mathematical results on the properties of negative index materials and their applications the topics discussed herein include superlensing using complementary media cloaking using complementary media cloaking an object via anomalous localized resonance and the wellposedness and the finite speed propagation in media consisting of dispersive metamaterials some of the results have been refined and have simpler proofs than the original ones
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1,803.04755
Detecting sequences of system states in temporal networks
Many time-evolving systems in nature, society and technology leave traces of the interactions within them. These interactions form temporal networks that reflect the states of the systems. In this work, we pursue a coarse-grained description of these systems by proposing a method to assign discrete states to the systems and inferring the sequence of such states from the data. Such states could, for example, correspond to a mental state (as inferred from neuroimaging data) or the operational state of an organization (as inferred by interpersonal communication). Our method combines a graph distance measure and hierarchical clustering. Using several empirical data sets of social temporal networks, we show that our method is capable of inferring the system's states such as distinct activities in a school and a weekday state as opposed to a weekend state. We expect the methods to be equally useful in other settings such as temporally varying protein interactions, ecological interspecific interactions, functional connectivity in the brain and adaptive social networks.
cs.SI physics.soc-ph
many timeevolving systems in nature society and technology leave traces of the interactions within them these interactions form temporal networks that reflect the states of the systems in this work we pursue a coarsegrained description of these systems by proposing a method to assign discrete states to the systems and inferring the sequence of such states from the data such states could for example correspond to a mental state as inferred from neuroimaging data or the operational state of an organization as inferred by interpersonal communication our method combines a graph distance measure and hierarchical clustering using several empirical data sets of social temporal networks we show that our method is capable of inferring the systems states such as distinct activities in a school and a weekday state as opposed to a weekend state we expect the methods to be equally useful in other settings such as temporally varying protein interactions ecological interspecific interactions functional connectivity in the brain and adaptive social networks
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1,803.04756
A pseudo-quasi-polynomial algorithm for solving mean-payoff parity games
In a mean-payoff parity game, one of the two players aims both to achieve a qualitative parity objective and to minimize a quantitative long-term average of payoffs (aka. mean payoff). The game is zero-sum and hence the aim of the other player is to either foil the parity objective or to maximize the mean payoff. Our main technical result is a pseudo-quasi-polynomial algorithm for solving mean-payoff parity games. All algorithms for the problem that have been developed for over a decade have a pseudo-polynomial and an exponential factors in their running times; in the running time of our algorithm the latter is replaced with a quasi-polynomial one. By the results of Chatterjee and Doyen (2012) and of Schewe, Weinert, and Zimmermann (2018), our main technical result implies that there are pseudo-quasi-polynomial algorithms for solving parity energy games and for solving parity games with weights. Our main conceptual contributions are the definitions of strategy decompositions for both players, and a notion of progress measures for mean-payoff parity games that generalizes both parity and energy progress measures. The former provides normal forms for and succinct representations of winning strategies, and the latter enables the application to mean-payoff parity games of the order-theoretic machinery that underpins a recent quasi-polynomial algorithm for solving parity games.
cs.GT cs.DS cs.LO
in a meanpayoff parity game one of the two players aims both to achieve a qualitative parity objective and to minimize a quantitative longterm average of payoffs aka mean payoff the game is zerosum and hence the aim of the other player is to either foil the parity objective or to maximize the mean payoff our main technical result is a pseudoquasipolynomial algorithm for solving meanpayoff parity games all algorithms for the problem that have been developed for over a decade have a pseudopolynomial and an exponential factors in their running times in the running time of our algorithm the latter is replaced with a quasipolynomial one by the results of chatterjee and doyen 2012 and of schewe weinert and zimmermann 2018 our main technical result implies that there are pseudoquasipolynomial algorithms for solving parity energy games and for solving parity games with weights our main conceptual contributions are the definitions of strategy decompositions for both players and a notion of progress measures for meanpayoff parity games that generalizes both parity and energy progress measures the former provides normal forms for and succinct representations of winning strategies and the latter enables the application to meanpayoff parity games of the ordertheoretic machinery that underpins a recent quasipolynomial algorithm for solving parity games
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1,803.04757
Monitoring Targeted Hate in Online Environments
Hateful comments, swearwords and sometimes even death threats are becoming a reality for many people today in online environments. This is especially true for journalists, politicians, artists, and other public figures. This paper describes how hate directed towards individuals can be measured in online environments using a simple dictionary-based approach. We present a case study on Swedish politicians, and use examples from this study to discuss shortcomings of the proposed dictionary-based approach. We also outline possibilities for potential refinements of the proposed approach.
cs.CL
hateful comments swearwords and sometimes even death threats are becoming a reality for many people today in online environments this is especially true for journalists politicians artists and other public figures this paper describes how hate directed towards individuals can be measured in online environments using a simple dictionarybased approach we present a case study on swedish politicians and use examples from this study to discuss shortcomings of the proposed dictionarybased approach we also outline possibilities for potential refinements of the proposed approach
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1,803.04758
Video Based Reconstruction of 3D People Models
This paper describes how to obtain accurate 3D body models and texture of arbitrary people from a single, monocular video in which a person is moving. Based on a parametric body model, we present a robust processing pipeline achieving 3D model fits with 5mm accuracy also for clothed people. Our main contribution is a method to nonrigidly deform the silhouette cones corresponding to the dynamic human silhouettes, resulting in a visual hull in a common reference frame that enables surface reconstruction. This enables efficient estimation of a consensus 3D shape, texture and implanted animation skeleton based on a large number of frames. We present evaluation results for a number of test subjects and analyze overall performance. Requiring only a smartphone or webcam, our method enables everyone to create their own fully animatable digital double, e.g., for social VR applications or virtual try-on for online fashion shopping.
cs.CV
this paper describes how to obtain accurate 3d body models and texture of arbitrary people from a single monocular video in which a person is moving based on a parametric body model we present a robust processing pipeline achieving 3d model fits with 5mm accuracy also for clothed people our main contribution is a method to nonrigidly deform the silhouette cones corresponding to the dynamic human silhouettes resulting in a visual hull in a common reference frame that enables surface reconstruction this enables efficient estimation of a consensus 3d shape texture and implanted animation skeleton based on a large number of frames we present evaluation results for a number of test subjects and analyze overall performance requiring only a smartphone or webcam our method enables everyone to create their own fully animatable digital double eg for social vr applications or virtual tryon for online fashion shopping
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1,803.04759
Structure of interfaces at phase coexistence. Theory and numerics
We compare results of the exact field theory of phase separation in two dimensions with Monte Carlo simulations for the $q$-state Potts model with boundary conditions producing an interfacial region separating two pure phases. We confirm in particular the theoretical predictions that below critical temperature the surplus of non-boundary colors appears in drops along a single interface, while for $q>4$ at critical temperature there is formation of two interfaces enclosing a macroscopic disordered layer. These qualitatively different structures of the interfacial region can be discriminated through a measurement at a single point for different system sizes.
cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th
we compare results of the exact field theory of phase separation in two dimensions with monte carlo simulations for the qstate potts model with boundary conditions producing an interfacial region separating two pure phases we confirm in particular the theoretical predictions that below critical temperature the surplus of nonboundary colors appears in drops along a single interface while for q4 at critical temperature there is formation of two interfaces enclosing a macroscopic disordered layer these qualitatively different structures of the interfacial region can be discriminated through a measurement at a single point for different system sizes
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1,803.0476
Raman Modes Non-classicality through Entangled Photons Coupling to Plasmonic Modes
In this article, non-classical properties of Raman modes are investigated. The original goal, actually, is to identify how and by which method we can induce non-classicality in Raman modes. We introduce a plasmonic system in which Raman dye molecules are buried between two shells of the plasmonic materials similar to onion-like core/shell nanoparticle. This system is excited by the entangled photons, followed by analyzing its dynamics of motion using the Heisenberg-Langevin equations by which the time evolution of the signal-idler mode and Raman modes are derived. Interestingly, the entangled photons are coupled to the plasmonic modes which are used to improve the non-classicality. It is shown that the exciting system with the entangled photons lead to inducing the non-classicality in Raman modes and entanglement between them. This behavior is attributed to the non-classicality of input modes that is coupled to the Raman modes considering the correlation between the incident wave frequency and Raman modes frequency. Notably, these quantum properties are dramatically affected by the environment temperature and Raman molecules location around the plasmonic nanoparticles. Modelling results demonstrate that a temperature increase has a drastic effect on system dynamics. Moreover, it is found that the entanglement between modes in system surely is affected by the coupling between the incident modes and plasmonic modes generated by the core/shell nanoparticles. Finally, as an important result, it is revealed that the Raman modes such as stoke and anti-stoke modes show a revival behavior, which is a quantum phenomenon.
quant-ph
in this article nonclassical properties of raman modes are investigated the original goal actually is to identify how and by which method we can induce nonclassicality in raman modes we introduce a plasmonic system in which raman dye molecules are buried between two shells of the plasmonic materials similar to onionlike coreshell nanoparticle this system is excited by the entangled photons followed by analyzing its dynamics of motion using the heisenberglangevin equations by which the time evolution of the signalidler mode and raman modes are derived interestingly the entangled photons are coupled to the plasmonic modes which are used to improve the nonclassicality it is shown that the exciting system with the entangled photons lead to inducing the nonclassicality in raman modes and entanglement between them this behavior is attributed to the nonclassicality of input modes that is coupled to the raman modes considering the correlation between the incident wave frequency and raman modes frequency notably these quantum properties are dramatically affected by the environment temperature and raman molecules location around the plasmonic nanoparticles modelling results demonstrate that a temperature increase has a drastic effect on system dynamics moreover it is found that the entanglement between modes in system surely is affected by the coupling between the incident modes and plasmonic modes generated by the coreshell nanoparticles finally as an important result it is revealed that the raman modes such as stoke and antistoke modes show a revival behavior which is a quantum phenomenon
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1,803.04761
Asymmetric Influence of Employees and Trading Partners on Company's Sales and its Dynamical Origin
Growth of business firms or companies has been a subject of intensive research over a century. However, there still remains controversy about the basic mechanisms of their growth. Inspired by previous work on scaling laws in other systems, here we extend the notion of size of firms from a scalar to a vector in order to characterize in more detail the mechanisms of growth and decay of firms. Based on a large scale dataset of Japanese firms covering over two million firms for two decades (1994-2015), we compile the dataset of vectors of three components, namely, annual sales, number of employee and number of trading partners. We find that the number of employees is more influential in determining firm sales compared to the number of trading partners. This asymmetry is validated by regressions of sales against these parameters and the analysis of growth rate correlations. We then explore multi-variate dynamics of firms by elaborating an evolutionary flow diagram of the averaged motion in the three-dimensional vector space. The flow diagram indicates that firms which deviate from the balanced scaling relation tend to return to this relation. We also find that firms with a chance of large sales growth suffer the risk of high disappearance rate. These results could serve for prediction and modeling of firms, and are relevant for theoretical understanding of the general principles governing complex systems.
physics.soc-ph
growth of business firms or companies has been a subject of intensive research over a century however there still remains controversy about the basic mechanisms of their growth inspired by previous work on scaling laws in other systems here we extend the notion of size of firms from a scalar to a vector in order to characterize in more detail the mechanisms of growth and decay of firms based on a large scale dataset of japanese firms covering over two million firms for two decades 19942015 we compile the dataset of vectors of three components namely annual sales number of employee and number of trading partners we find that the number of employees is more influential in determining firm sales compared to the number of trading partners this asymmetry is validated by regressions of sales against these parameters and the analysis of growth rate correlations we then explore multivariate dynamics of firms by elaborating an evolutionary flow diagram of the averaged motion in the threedimensional vector space the flow diagram indicates that firms which deviate from the balanced scaling relation tend to return to this relation we also find that firms with a chance of large sales growth suffer the risk of high disappearance rate these results could serve for prediction and modeling of firms and are relevant for theoretical understanding of the general principles governing complex systems
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1,803.04762
Enhanced many-body effects in the excitation spectrum of a weakly-interacting rotating Bose-Einstein condensate
The excitation spectrum of a highly-condensed two-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the rotating frame of reference. The rotation is used to transfer high-lying excited states to the low-energy spectrum of the BEC. We employ many-body linear-response theory and show that, once the rotation leads to a quantized vortex in the ground state, already the low-energy part of the excitation spectrum shows substantial many-body effects beyond the realm of mean-field theory. We demonstrate numerically that the many-body effects grow with the vorticity of the ground state, meaning that the rotation enhances them even for very weak repulsion. Furthermore, we explore the impact of the number of bosons $N$ in the condensate on a low-lying single-particle excitation, which is describable within mean-field theory. Our analysis shows deviations between the many-body and mean-field results which clearly persist when $N$ is increased up to the experimentally relevant regime, typically ranging from several thousand up to a million bosons in size. Implications are briefly discussed.
cond-mat.quant-gas quant-ph
the excitation spectrum of a highlycondensed twodimensional trapped boseeinstein condensate bec is investigated within the rotating frame of reference the rotation is used to transfer highlying excited states to the lowenergy spectrum of the bec we employ manybody linearresponse theory and show that once the rotation leads to a quantized vortex in the ground state already the lowenergy part of the excitation spectrum shows substantial manybody effects beyond the realm of meanfield theory we demonstrate numerically that the manybody effects grow with the vorticity of the ground state meaning that the rotation enhances them even for very weak repulsion furthermore we explore the impact of the number of bosons n in the condensate on a lowlying singleparticle excitation which is describable within meanfield theory our analysis shows deviations between the manybody and meanfield results which clearly persist when n is increased up to the experimentally relevant regime typically ranging from several thousand up to a million bosons in size implications are briefly discussed
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1,803.04763
Input-output theory for superconducting and photonic circuits that contain weak retro-reflections and other weak pseudo-cavities
Input-output theory is invaluable for treating superconducting and photonic circuits connected by transmission lines or waveguides. However, this theory cannot in general handle situations in which retro-reflections from circuit components or configurations of beam-splitters create loops for the traveling-wave fields that connect the systems. Here, building upon the network-contraction theory of Gough and James [Commun. Math. Phys. 287, 1109 (2009)], we provide a compact and powerful method to treat any circuit that contains such loops so long as the effective cavities formed by the loops are sufficiently weak. Essentially all present-day on-chip superconducting and photonic circuits will satisfy this weakness condition so long as the reflectors that form the loops are not especially highly reflecting. As an example we analyze the problem of transmitting entanglement between two qubits connected by a transmission line with imperfect circulators, a problem for which the new method is essential. We obtain a full solution for the optimal receiver given that the sender employs a simple turn on/turn off. This solution shows that near-perfect transmission is possible even with significant retro-reflections.
quant-ph
inputoutput theory is invaluable for treating superconducting and photonic circuits connected by transmission lines or waveguides however this theory cannot in general handle situations in which retroreflections from circuit components or configurations of beamsplitters create loops for the travelingwave fields that connect the systems here building upon the networkcontraction theory of gough and james commun math phys 287 1109 2009 we provide a compact and powerful method to treat any circuit that contains such loops so long as the effective cavities formed by the loops are sufficiently weak essentially all presentday onchip superconducting and photonic circuits will satisfy this weakness condition so long as the reflectors that form the loops are not especially highly reflecting as an example we analyze the problem of transmitting entanglement between two qubits connected by a transmission line with imperfect circulators a problem for which the new method is essential we obtain a full solution for the optimal receiver given that the sender employs a simple turn onturn off this solution shows that nearperfect transmission is possible even with significant retroreflections
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1,803.04764
Comment on "Energy levels and radiative rates for Ne-like ions from Cu to Ga" by N.~Singh and S.~Aggarwal [Pramana -- J. Phys. 89 (2017) 79]
Recently, N.~Singh and S.~Aggarwal [Pramana -- J. Phys. 89 (2017) 79] have reported energies and lifetimes for 127 levels of three Ne-like ions, namely Cu~XX, Zn~XXI and Ga~XXII. For the calculations they have adopted two independent atomic structure codes, i.e. GRASP and FAC, and have concluded that both codes give comparable energies. However, we find that the differences between the two sets of energies are up to 1.5~Ryd (over 1.6$\times$10$^5$ wavenumbers) for many levels, and for all three ions. In the absence of other available theoretical or experimental data, it becomes difficult to know which set of energies is more accurate. Through our calculations with the same code we demonstrate that their listings from the FAC calculations are incorrect. A few more anomalies noted in their tabulated results are also highlighted.
physics.atom-ph
recently nsingh and saggarwal pramana j phys 89 2017 79 have reported energies and lifetimes for 127 levels of three nelike ions namely cuxx znxxi and gaxxii for the calculations they have adopted two independent atomic structure codes ie grasp and fac and have concluded that both codes give comparable energies however we find that the differences between the two sets of energies are up to 15ryd over 16times105 wavenumbers for many levels and for all three ions in the absence of other available theoretical or experimental data it becomes difficult to know which set of energies is more accurate through our calculations with the same code we demonstrate that their listings from the fac calculations are incorrect a few more anomalies noted in their tabulated results are also highlighted
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1,803.04765
Deep k-Nearest Neighbors: Towards Confident, Interpretable and Robust Deep Learning
Deep neural networks (DNNs) enable innovative applications of machine learning like image recognition, machine translation, or malware detection. However, deep learning is often criticized for its lack of robustness in adversarial settings (e.g., vulnerability to adversarial inputs) and general inability to rationalize its predictions. In this work, we exploit the structure of deep learning to enable new learning-based inference and decision strategies that achieve desirable properties such as robustness and interpretability. We take a first step in this direction and introduce the Deep k-Nearest Neighbors (DkNN). This hybrid classifier combines the k-nearest neighbors algorithm with representations of the data learned by each layer of the DNN: a test input is compared to its neighboring training points according to the distance that separates them in the representations. We show the labels of these neighboring points afford confidence estimates for inputs outside the model's training manifold, including on malicious inputs like adversarial examples--and therein provides protections against inputs that are outside the models understanding. This is because the nearest neighbors can be used to estimate the nonconformity of, i.e., the lack of support for, a prediction in the training data. The neighbors also constitute human-interpretable explanations of predictions. We evaluate the DkNN algorithm on several datasets, and show the confidence estimates accurately identify inputs outside the model, and that the explanations provided by nearest neighbors are intuitive and useful in understanding model failures.
cs.LG stat.ML
deep neural networks dnns enable innovative applications of machine learning like image recognition machine translation or malware detection however deep learning is often criticized for its lack of robustness in adversarial settings eg vulnerability to adversarial inputs and general inability to rationalize its predictions in this work we exploit the structure of deep learning to enable new learningbased inference and decision strategies that achieve desirable properties such as robustness and interpretability we take a first step in this direction and introduce the deep knearest neighbors dknn this hybrid classifier combines the knearest neighbors algorithm with representations of the data learned by each layer of the dnn a test input is compared to its neighboring training points according to the distance that separates them in the representations we show the labels of these neighboring points afford confidence estimates for inputs outside the models training manifold including on malicious inputs like adversarial examplesand therein provides protections against inputs that are outside the models understanding this is because the nearest neighbors can be used to estimate the nonconformity of ie the lack of support for a prediction in the training data the neighbors also constitute humaninterpretable explanations of predictions we evaluate the dknn algorithm on several datasets and show the confidence estimates accurately identify inputs outside the model and that the explanations provided by nearest neighbors are intuitive and useful in understanding model failures
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1,803.04766
Hydrogen Concentration in Photovoltaic a-Si:H Annealed at Different Temperatures Measured by Neutron Reflectometry
Amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) is an important material for surface defect passivation of photovoltaic silicon (Si) wafers in order to reduce their recombination losses. The material is however unstable with regards to hydrogen (H) desorption at elevated temperatures, which can be an issue during processing and device manufacturing. In this work we determine the temperature stability of a-Si:H by structural characterization of a-Si:H/Si bilayers with neutron- (NR) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) combined with photoconductance measurements yielding the minority carrer lifetime. The neutrons are sensitive to light elements such as H, while the X-rays which are insensitive to the H-concentration, provide an independent constraint on the layer structure. It is shown that H-desorption takes place at a temperature of approximately T = $425\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ and that hydrogen content and minority carrier lifetimes have a strongly correlated linear relationship, which can be interpreted as one hydrogen atom passivating one defect.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
amorphous hydrogenated silicon asih is an important material for surface defect passivation of photovoltaic silicon si wafers in order to reduce their recombination losses the material is however unstable with regards to hydrogen h desorption at elevated temperatures which can be an issue during processing and device manufacturing in this work we determine the temperature stability of asih by structural characterization of asihsi bilayers with neutron nr and xray reflectometry xrr combined with photoconductance measurements yielding the minority carrer lifetime the neutrons are sensitive to light elements such as h while the xrays which are insensitive to the hconcentration provide an independent constraint on the layer structure it is shown that hdesorption takes place at a temperature of approximately t 425circmathrmc and that hydrogen content and minority carrier lifetimes have a strongly correlated linear relationship which can be interpreted as one hydrogen atom passivating one defect
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