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1,803.08467
BSD-GAN: Branched Generative Adversarial Network for Scale-Disentangled Representation Learning and Image Synthesis
We introduce BSD-GAN, a novel multi-branch and scale-disentangled training method which enables unconditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to learn image representations at multiple scales, benefiting a wide range of generation and editing tasks. The key feature of BSD-GAN is that it is trained in multiple branches, progressively covering both the breadth and depth of the network, as resolutions of the training images increase to reveal finer-scale features. Specifically, each noise vector, as input to the generator network of BSD-GAN, is deliberately split into several sub-vectors, each corresponding to, and is trained to learn, image representations at a particular scale. During training, we progressively "de-freeze" the sub-vectors, one at a time, as a new set of higher-resolution images is employed for training and more network layers are added. A consequence of such an explicit sub-vector designation is that we can directly manipulate and even combine latent (sub-vector) codes which model different feature scales.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our training method in scale-disentangled learning of image representations and synthesis of novel image contents, without any extra labels and without compromising quality of the synthesized high-resolution images. We further demonstrate several image generation and manipulation applications enabled or improved by BSD-GAN. Source codes are available at https://github.com/duxingren14/BSD-GAN.
cs.CV
we introduce bsdgan a novel multibranch and scaledisentangled training method which enables unconditional generative adversarial networks gans to learn image representations at multiple scales benefiting a wide range of generation and editing tasks the key feature of bsdgan is that it is trained in multiple branches progressively covering both the breadth and depth of the network as resolutions of the training images increase to reveal finerscale features specifically each noise vector as input to the generator network of bsdgan is deliberately split into several subvectors each corresponding to and is trained to learn image representations at a particular scale during training we progressively defreeze the subvectors one at a time as a new set of higherresolution images is employed for training and more network layers are added a consequence of such an explicit subvector designation is that we can directly manipulate and even combine latent subvector codes which model different feature scalesextensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our training method in scaledisentangled learning of image representations and synthesis of novel image contents without any extra labels and without compromising quality of the synthesized highresolution images we further demonstrate several image generation and manipulation applications enabled or improved by bsdgan source codes are available at httpsgithubcomduxingren14bsdgan
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1,803.08468
Vortex liquid phase in the p-wave ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe
The upper critical field for field along the b-axis of the p-wave ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe has a particular S-shape, akin to the re-entrant superconducting phase of URhGe. To explore the evolution of the superconducting phase under this transverse magnetic field, we report the thermal conductivity and resistivity measurements, revealing a possible field-induced vortex liquid phase, and supporting a field-induced change of the superconducting order parameter.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
the upper critical field for field along the baxis of the pwave ferromagnetic superconductor ucoge has a particular sshape akin to the reentrant superconducting phase of urhge to explore the evolution of the superconducting phase under this transverse magnetic field we report the thermal conductivity and resistivity measurements revealing a possible fieldinduced vortex liquid phase and supporting a fieldinduced change of the superconducting order parameter
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1,803.08469
The structure of aqueous lithium chloride solutions at high concentrations as revealed by a comparison of classical interatomic potential models
Highly concentrated aqueous lithium chloride solutions were investigated by classical molecular dynamics (MD) and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations. At first MD calculations were carried out applying twenty-nine combinations of ion-water interaction models at four salt concentrations. The structural predictions of the different models were compared, the contributions of different structural motifs to the partial pair correlation functions (PPCF) were determined. Particle configurations obtained from MD simulations were further refined using the RMC method to get better agreement with experimental X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The PPCFs calculated from MD simulations were fitted together with the experimental structure factors to construct structural models that are as consistent as possible with both the experimental results and the results of the MD simulations. The MD models were validated according to the quality of the fits. Although none of the tested MD models can describe the structure perfectly at the highest investigated concentration, their comparison made it possible to determine the main structural properties of that solution as well. It was found that four nearest neighbors (oxygen atoms and chloride ions together) are around a lithium ion at each concentration, while in the surroundings of the chloride ion hydrogen atom pairs are replaced by one lithium ion as the concentration increases. While in pure liquid water four water molecules can be found around a central water molecule, near the solubility limit nearly all water molecules are connected to two chloride ions (via their hydrogen atoms) and one lithium ion (by their oxygen atoms).
physics.chem-ph cond-mat.soft
highly concentrated aqueous lithium chloride solutions were investigated by classical molecular dynamics md and reverse monte carlo rmc simulations at first md calculations were carried out applying twentynine combinations of ionwater interaction models at four salt concentrations the structural predictions of the different models were compared the contributions of different structural motifs to the partial pair correlation functions ppcf were determined particle configurations obtained from md simulations were further refined using the rmc method to get better agreement with experimental xray and neutron diffraction data the ppcfs calculated from md simulations were fitted together with the experimental structure factors to construct structural models that are as consistent as possible with both the experimental results and the results of the md simulations the md models were validated according to the quality of the fits although none of the tested md models can describe the structure perfectly at the highest investigated concentration their comparison made it possible to determine the main structural properties of that solution as well it was found that four nearest neighbors oxygen atoms and chloride ions together are around a lithium ion at each concentration while in the surroundings of the chloride ion hydrogen atom pairs are replaced by one lithium ion as the concentration increases while in pure liquid water four water molecules can be found around a central water molecule near the solubility limit nearly all water molecules are connected to two chloride ions via their hydrogen atoms and one lithium ion by their oxygen atoms
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1,803.0847
Deforming a hypersurface by principal radii of curvature and support function
We study the motion of smooth, closed, strictly convex hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ expanding in the direction of their normal vector field with speed depending on the $k$th elementary symmetric polynomial of the principal radii of curvature $\sigma_k$ and support function $h$. A homothetic self-similar solution to the flow that we will consider in this paper, if exists, is a solution of the well-known $L_p$-Christoffel-Minkowski problem $\varphi h^{1-p}\sigma_k=c$. Here $\varphi$ is a preassigned positive smooth function defined on the unit sphere, and $c$ is a positive constant. For $1\leq k\leq n-1, p\geq k+1$, assuming the spherical hessian of $\varphi^{\frac{1}{p+k-1}}$ is positive definite, we prove the $C^{\infty}$ convergence of the normalized flow to a homothetic self-similar solution. One of the highlights of our arguments is that we do not need the constant rank theorem/deformation lemma of Guan-Ma and thus we give a partial answer to a question raised in Guan-Xia. Moreover, for $k=n, p\geq n+1$, we prove the $C^{\infty}$ convergence of the normalized flow to a homothetic self-similar solution without imposing any further condition on $\varphi.$ In the final section of the paper, for $1\leq k<n$, we will give an example that spherical hessian of $\varphi^{\frac{1}{p+k-1}}$ is negative definite at some point and the solution to the flow loses its smoothness.
math.AP
we study the motion of smooth closed strictly convex hypersurfaces in mathbbrn1 expanding in the direction of their normal vector field with speed depending on the kth elementary symmetric polynomial of the principal radii of curvature sigma_k and support function h a homothetic selfsimilar solution to the flow that we will consider in this paper if exists is a solution of the wellknown l_pchristoffelminkowski problem varphi h1psigma_kc here varphi is a preassigned positive smooth function defined on the unit sphere and c is a positive constant for 1leq kleq n1 pgeq k1 assuming the spherical hessian of varphifrac1pk1 is positive definite we prove the cinfty convergence of the normalized flow to a homothetic selfsimilar solution one of the highlights of our arguments is that we do not need the constant rank theoremdeformation lemma of guanma and thus we give a partial answer to a question raised in guanxia moreover for kn pgeq n1 we prove the cinfty convergence of the normalized flow to a homothetic selfsimilar solution without imposing any further condition on varphi in the final section of the paper for 1leq kn we will give an example that spherical hessian of varphifrac1pk1 is negative definite at some point and the solution to the flow loses its smoothness
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1,803.08471
Locally Private Bayesian Inference for Count Models
We present a general method for privacy-preserving Bayesian inference in Poisson factorization, a broad class of models that includes some of the most widely used models in the social sciences. Our method satisfies limited precision local privacy, a generalization of local differential privacy, which we introduce to formulate privacy guarantees appropriate for sparse count data. We develop an MCMC algorithm that approximates the locally private posterior over model parameters given data that has been locally privatized by the geometric mechanism (Ghosh et al., 2012). Our solution is based on two insights: 1) a novel reinterpretation of the geometric mechanism in terms of the Skellam distribution (Skellam, 1946) and 2) a general theorem that relates the Skellam to the Bessel distribution (Yuan & Kalbfleisch, 2000). We demonstrate our method in two case studies on real-world email data in which we show that our method consistently outperforms the commonly-used naive approach, obtaining higher quality topics in text and more accurate link prediction in networks. On some tasks, our privacy-preserving method even outperforms non-private inference which conditions on the true data.
stat.ML cs.CL cs.CR cs.LG cs.SI
we present a general method for privacypreserving bayesian inference in poisson factorization a broad class of models that includes some of the most widely used models in the social sciences our method satisfies limited precision local privacy a generalization of local differential privacy which we introduce to formulate privacy guarantees appropriate for sparse count data we develop an mcmc algorithm that approximates the locally private posterior over model parameters given data that has been locally privatized by the geometric mechanism ghosh et al 2012 our solution is based on two insights 1 a novel reinterpretation of the geometric mechanism in terms of the skellam distribution skellam 1946 and 2 a general theorem that relates the skellam to the bessel distribution yuan kalbfleisch 2000 we demonstrate our method in two case studies on realworld email data in which we show that our method consistently outperforms the commonlyused naive approach obtaining higher quality topics in text and more accurate link prediction in networks on some tasks our privacypreserving method even outperforms nonprivate inference which conditions on the true data
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1,803.08472
A positive formula for the Ehrhart-like polynomials from root system chip-firing
In earlier work in collaboration with Pavel Galashin and Thomas McConville we introduced a version of chip-firing for root systems. Our investigation of root system chip-firing led us to define certain polynomials analogous to Ehrhart polynomials of lattice polytopes, which we termed the symmetric and truncated Ehrhart-like polynomials. We conjectured that these polynomials have nonnegative integer coefficients. Here we affirm "half" of this positivity conjecture by providing a positive, combinatorial formula for the coefficients of the symmetric Ehrhart-like polynomials. This formula depends on a subtle integrality property of slices of permutohedra, and in turn a lemma concerning dilations of projections of root polytopes, which both may be of independent interest. We also discuss how our formula very naturally suggests a conjecture for the coefficients of the truncated Ehrhart-like polynomials that turns out to be false in general, but which may hold in some cases.
math.CO
in earlier work in collaboration with pavel galashin and thomas mcconville we introduced a version of chipfiring for root systems our investigation of root system chipfiring led us to define certain polynomials analogous to ehrhart polynomials of lattice polytopes which we termed the symmetric and truncated ehrhartlike polynomials we conjectured that these polynomials have nonnegative integer coefficients here we affirm half of this positivity conjecture by providing a positive combinatorial formula for the coefficients of the symmetric ehrhartlike polynomials this formula depends on a subtle integrality property of slices of permutohedra and in turn a lemma concerning dilations of projections of root polytopes which both may be of independent interest we also discuss how our formula very naturally suggests a conjecture for the coefficients of the truncated ehrhartlike polynomials that turns out to be false in general but which may hold in some cases
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1,803.08473
Survival of the simplest: the cost of complexity in microbial evolution
The evolution of microbial and viral organisms often generates clonal interference, a mode of competition between genetic clades within a population. In this paper, we show that interference strongly constrains the genetic and phenotypic complexity of evolving systems. Our analysis uses biophysically grounded evolutionary models for an organism's quantitative molecular phenotypes, such as fold stability and enzymatic activity of genes. We find a generic mode of asexual evolution called phenotypic interference with strong implications for systems biology: it couples the stability and function of individual genes to the population's global speed of evolution. This mode occurs over a wide range of evolutionary parameters appropriate for microbial populations. It generates selection against genome complexity, because the fitness cost of mutations increases faster than linearly with the number of genes. Recombination can generate a distinct mode of sexual evolution that eliminates the superlinear cost. We show that positive selection can drive a transition from asexual to facultative sexual evolution, providing a specific, biophysically grounded scenario for the evolution of sex. In a broader context, our analysis suggests that the systems biology of microbial organisms is strongly intertwined with their mode of evolution.
q-bio.PE
the evolution of microbial and viral organisms often generates clonal interference a mode of competition between genetic clades within a population in this paper we show that interference strongly constrains the genetic and phenotypic complexity of evolving systems our analysis uses biophysically grounded evolutionary models for an organisms quantitative molecular phenotypes such as fold stability and enzymatic activity of genes we find a generic mode of asexual evolution called phenotypic interference with strong implications for systems biology it couples the stability and function of individual genes to the populations global speed of evolution this mode occurs over a wide range of evolutionary parameters appropriate for microbial populations it generates selection against genome complexity because the fitness cost of mutations increases faster than linearly with the number of genes recombination can generate a distinct mode of sexual evolution that eliminates the superlinear cost we show that positive selection can drive a transition from asexual to facultative sexual evolution providing a specific biophysically grounded scenario for the evolution of sex in a broader context our analysis suggests that the systems biology of microbial organisms is strongly intertwined with their mode of evolution
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1,803.08474
Population Genetics and Evolution
These lecture notes introduce key concepts of mathematical population genetics within the most elementary setting and describe a few recent applications to microbial evolution experiments. Pointers to the literature for further reading are provided, and some of the derivations are left as exercises for the reader.
q-bio.PE
these lecture notes introduce key concepts of mathematical population genetics within the most elementary setting and describe a few recent applications to microbial evolution experiments pointers to the literature for further reading are provided and some of the derivations are left as exercises for the reader
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1,803.08475
Attention, Learn to Solve Routing Problems!
The recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development. However, to push this idea towards practical implementation, we need better models and better ways of training. We contribute in both directions: we propose a model based on attention layers with benefits over the Pointer Network and we show how to train this model using REINFORCE with a simple baseline based on a deterministic greedy rollout, which we find is more efficient than using a value function. We significantly improve over recent learned heuristics for the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), getting close to optimal results for problems up to 100 nodes. With the same hyperparameters, we learn strong heuristics for two variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), the Orienteering Problem (OP) and (a stochastic variant of) the Prize Collecting TSP (PCTSP), outperforming a wide range of baselines and getting results close to highly optimized and specialized algorithms.
stat.ML cs.LG
the recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development however to push this idea towards practical implementation we need better models and better ways of training we contribute in both directions we propose a model based on attention layers with benefits over the pointer network and we show how to train this model using reinforce with a simple baseline based on a deterministic greedy rollout which we find is more efficient than using a value function we significantly improve over recent learned heuristics for the travelling salesman problem tsp getting close to optimal results for problems up to 100 nodes with the same hyperparameters we learn strong heuristics for two variants of the vehicle routing problem vrp the orienteering problem op and a stochastic variant of the prize collecting tsp pctsp outperforming a wide range of baselines and getting results close to highly optimized and specialized algorithms
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1,803.08476
Word sense induction using word embeddings and community detection in complex networks
Word Sense Induction (WSI) is the ability to automatically induce word senses from corpora. The WSI task was first proposed to overcome the limitations of manually annotated corpus that are required in word sense disambiguation systems. Even though several works have been proposed to induce word senses, existing systems are still very limited in the sense that they make use of structured, domain-specific knowledge sources. In this paper, we devise a method that leverages recent findings in word embeddings research to generate context embeddings, which are embeddings containing information about the semantical context of a word. In order to induce senses, we modeled the set of ambiguous words as a complex network. In the generated network, two instances (nodes) are connected if the respective context embeddings are similar. Upon using well-established community detection methods to cluster the obtained context embeddings, we found that the proposed method yields excellent performance for the WSI task. Our method outperformed competing algorithms and baselines, in a completely unsupervised manner and without the need of any additional structured knowledge source.
cs.CL cs.SI
word sense induction wsi is the ability to automatically induce word senses from corpora the wsi task was first proposed to overcome the limitations of manually annotated corpus that are required in word sense disambiguation systems even though several works have been proposed to induce word senses existing systems are still very limited in the sense that they make use of structured domainspecific knowledge sources in this paper we devise a method that leverages recent findings in word embeddings research to generate context embeddings which are embeddings containing information about the semantical context of a word in order to induce senses we modeled the set of ambiguous words as a complex network in the generated network two instances nodes are connected if the respective context embeddings are similar upon using wellestablished community detection methods to cluster the obtained context embeddings we found that the proposed method yields excellent performance for the wsi task our method outperformed competing algorithms and baselines in a completely unsupervised manner and without the need of any additional structured knowledge source
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1,803.08477
WZ pairs and $q$-Analogues of Ramanujan series for $1/\pi$ (with an appendix by Wadim Zudilin)
We prove q-analogues of two Ramanujan-type series for $1/\pi$ from $q$-analogues of ordinary WZ pairs.
math.NT
we prove qanalogues of two ramanujantype series for 1pi from qanalogues of ordinary wz pairs
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1,803.08478
Robotic Sewing and Knot Tying for Personalized Stent Graft Manufacturing
This paper presents a versatile robotic system for sewing 3D structured object. Leveraging on using a customized robotic sewing device and closed-loop visual servoing control, an all-in-one solution for sewing personalized stent graft is demonstrated. Stitch size planning and automatic knot tying are proposed as the two key functions of the system. By using effective stitch size planning, sub-millimetre sewing accuracy is achieved for stitch sizes ranging from 2mm to 5mm. In addition, a thread manipulator for thread management and tension control is also proposed to perform successive knot tying to secure each stitch. Detailed laboratory experiments have been performed to access the proposed instruments and allied algorithms. The proposed framework can be generalised to a wide range of applications including 3D industrial sewing, as well as transferred to other clinical areas such as surgical suturing.
cs.RO
this paper presents a versatile robotic system for sewing 3d structured object leveraging on using a customized robotic sewing device and closedloop visual servoing control an allinone solution for sewing personalized stent graft is demonstrated stitch size planning and automatic knot tying are proposed as the two key functions of the system by using effective stitch size planning submillimetre sewing accuracy is achieved for stitch sizes ranging from 2mm to 5mm in addition a thread manipulator for thread management and tension control is also proposed to perform successive knot tying to secure each stitch detailed laboratory experiments have been performed to access the proposed instruments and allied algorithms the proposed framework can be generalised to a wide range of applications including 3d industrial sewing as well as transferred to other clinical areas such as surgical suturing
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1,803.08479
Attractive and driven interaction in quantum dots: mechanisms for geometric pumping
We analyze time-dependent transport through a quantum dot with electron-electron interaction that is statically tunable to both repulsive and attractive regimes, or even dynamically driven. Motivated by the recent experimental realization [Hamo et. al, Nature 535, 395 (2016)] of such a system in a static double quantum dot we compute the geometric pumping of charge in the limit of weak tunneling, high temperature and slow driving. We analyze the pumping responses for all pairs of driving parameters (gate voltage, bias voltage, tunnel coupling, electron-electron interaction). We show that the responses are analytically related when these different driving protocols are governed by the same pumping mechanism, which is characterized by effective driving parameters that differ from the experimental ones. For static attractive interaction we find a characteristic pumping resonance despite the 'attractive Coulomb blockade' that hinders stationary transport. Moreover, we identify a pumping mechanism that is unique to driving of the interaction. Finally, although a single-dot model with orbital pseudo-spin describes most of the physics of the mentioned experimental setup, it is crucial to account for the additional (real-) spin degeneracies of the double dot and the associated electron-hole symmetry breaking. This is necessary because the pumping response is more sensitive than DC transport measurements and detects this difference through pronounced qualitative effects.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we analyze timedependent transport through a quantum dot with electronelectron interaction that is statically tunable to both repulsive and attractive regimes or even dynamically driven motivated by the recent experimental realization hamo et al nature 535 395 2016 of such a system in a static double quantum dot we compute the geometric pumping of charge in the limit of weak tunneling high temperature and slow driving we analyze the pumping responses for all pairs of driving parameters gate voltage bias voltage tunnel coupling electronelectron interaction we show that the responses are analytically related when these different driving protocols are governed by the same pumping mechanism which is characterized by effective driving parameters that differ from the experimental ones for static attractive interaction we find a characteristic pumping resonance despite the attractive coulomb blockade that hinders stationary transport moreover we identify a pumping mechanism that is unique to driving of the interaction finally although a singledot model with orbital pseudospin describes most of the physics of the mentioned experimental setup it is crucial to account for the additional real spin degeneracies of the double dot and the associated electronhole symmetry breaking this is necessary because the pumping response is more sensitive than dc transport measurements and detects this difference through pronounced qualitative effects
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1,803.0848
A discrete energy space induced fermion parity breaking fixed point of the Kondo model
In this work we combine the well established Kondo problem with the more speculative field of a discrete space time. We show that a discrete energy space induces a flow towards a new fixed point by breaking the conservation of charge and spin and lifting the fermion parity. This parity lifting fixed point appears on a scale set by the discretization of energy space. In contrast to the Planck scale the associated energy scale is at very low energy scales, possibly given by the inverse size of the universe.
cond-mat.str-el
in this work we combine the well established kondo problem with the more speculative field of a discrete space time we show that a discrete energy space induces a flow towards a new fixed point by breaking the conservation of charge and spin and lifting the fermion parity this parity lifting fixed point appears on a scale set by the discretization of energy space in contrast to the planck scale the associated energy scale is at very low energy scales possibly given by the inverse size of the universe
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1,803.08481
On fractional regularity methods for a class of nonlocal problems
In the past years, the phenomenon of fractional regularity has been addressed for a large class of linear and/or quasilinear differential operators, mostly, in terms of certain Besov spaces. As it turned out, for equations governed by the $p$-Laplacian, in general, the regularity of solutions appears in terms of functional spaces with nonlinear order of smoothness. Moreover, despite its own interest, fractional regularity methods may be used as a tool for the investigation of some Partial Differential Equations which are not usually addressed in this manner. Thus, the purpose of the present paper is to exploit such methods in order to provide some results regarding existence and regularity of solutions to a class nonlocal elliptic equations which are linked to the $p$-Laplacian. This is done by means of explicit a priori estimates regarding Lebesgue and Nikolskii spaces, which are part of the present contribution. As a consequence, this approach allows a relaxation on some of the standard conditions employed in this class of problems.
math.AP
in the past years the phenomenon of fractional regularity has been addressed for a large class of linear andor quasilinear differential operators mostly in terms of certain besov spaces as it turned out for equations governed by the plaplacian in general the regularity of solutions appears in terms of functional spaces with nonlinear order of smoothness moreover despite its own interest fractional regularity methods may be used as a tool for the investigation of some partial differential equations which are not usually addressed in this manner thus the purpose of the present paper is to exploit such methods in order to provide some results regarding existence and regularity of solutions to a class nonlocal elliptic equations which are linked to the plaplacian this is done by means of explicit a priori estimates regarding lebesgue and nikolskii spaces which are part of the present contribution as a consequence this approach allows a relaxation on some of the standard conditions employed in this class of problems
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1,803.08482
Quantifying Age and Model Uncertainties in Paleoclimate Data and Dynamical Climate Models with a Joint Inferential Analysis
A major goal in paleoclimate science is to reconstruct historical climates using proxies for climate variables such as those observed in sediment cores, and in the process learn about climate dynamics. This is hampered by uncertainties in how sediment core depths relate to ages, how proxy quantities relate to climate variables, how climate models are specified, and the values of parameters in climate models. Quantifying these uncertainties is key in drawing well founded conclusions. Analyses are often performed in separate stages with, for example, a sediment core's depth-age relation being estimated as stage one, then fed as an input to calibrate climate models as stage two. Here, we show that such "multi-stage" approaches can lead to misleading conclusions. We develop a joint inferential approach for climate reconstruction, model calibration, and age model estimation. We focus on the glacial-interglacial cycle over the past 780 kyr, analysing two sediment cores that span this range. Our age estimates are largely in agreement with previous studies, but provides the full joint specification of all uncertainties, estimation of model parameters, and the model evidence. By sampling plausible chronologies from the posterior distribution, we demonstrate that downstream scientific conclusions can differ greatly both between different sampled chronologies, and in comparison with conclusions obtained in the complete joint inferential analysis. We conclude that multi-stage analyses are insufficient when dealing with uncertainty, and that to draw sound conclusions the full joint inferential analysis must be performed.
stat.AP
a major goal in paleoclimate science is to reconstruct historical climates using proxies for climate variables such as those observed in sediment cores and in the process learn about climate dynamics this is hampered by uncertainties in how sediment core depths relate to ages how proxy quantities relate to climate variables how climate models are specified and the values of parameters in climate models quantifying these uncertainties is key in drawing well founded conclusions analyses are often performed in separate stages with for example a sediment cores depthage relation being estimated as stage one then fed as an input to calibrate climate models as stage two here we show that such multistage approaches can lead to misleading conclusions we develop a joint inferential approach for climate reconstruction model calibration and age model estimation we focus on the glacialinterglacial cycle over the past 780 kyr analysing two sediment cores that span this range our age estimates are largely in agreement with previous studies but provides the full joint specification of all uncertainties estimation of model parameters and the model evidence by sampling plausible chronologies from the posterior distribution we demonstrate that downstream scientific conclusions can differ greatly both between different sampled chronologies and in comparison with conclusions obtained in the complete joint inferential analysis we conclude that multistage analyses are insufficient when dealing with uncertainty and that to draw sound conclusions the full joint inferential analysis must be performed
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1,803.08483
Finite-Temperature Scrambling of a Random Hamiltonian
We study the finite-temperature scrambling behavior of a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian chosen from a random matrix ensemble. This effectively (0+1)-dimensional model admits an exact calculation of various ensemble-averaged out-of-time-ordered correlation functions in the large-$N$ limit, where $N$ is the Hilbert space dimension. For a Hamiltonian drawn from the Gaussian unitary ensemble, we calculate the ensemble averaged OTOC at all temperatures. In addition to an early time quadratic growth of the averaged out-of-time-ordered commutator (OTOC), we determine that the OTOC saturates to its asymptotic value as a power-law in time, with an exponent that depends both on temperature, and on one of four classes of operators appearing in the correlation function, that naturally emerge from this calculation. Out-of-time-ordered correlation functions of operators that are distributed around the thermal circle take a time $t_{s}\sim \beta$ to decay at low temperatures. We generalize these exact results, by demonstrating that out-of-time-ordered correlation functions averaged over any ensemble of Hamiltonians that are invariant under unitary conjugation $H \rightarrow {U} H {U}^{\dagger}$, exhibit power-law decay to an asymptotic value. We argue that this late-time behavior is a generic feature of unitary dynamics with energy conservation. Finally, by comparing the OTOC with a commutator-anticommutator correlation function, we examine whether there is a time window over which a typical Hamiltonian behaves as a "coherent scrambler" in the language of Ref. \cite{Kitaev_IAS, Kitaev_Suh}.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th quant-ph
we study the finitetemperature scrambling behavior of a quantum system described by a hamiltonian chosen from a random matrix ensemble this effectively 01dimensional model admits an exact calculation of various ensembleaveraged outoftimeordered correlation functions in the largen limit where n is the hilbert space dimension for a hamiltonian drawn from the gaussian unitary ensemble we calculate the ensemble averaged otoc at all temperatures in addition to an early time quadratic growth of the averaged outoftimeordered commutator otoc we determine that the otoc saturates to its asymptotic value as a powerlaw in time with an exponent that depends both on temperature and on one of four classes of operators appearing in the correlation function that naturally emerge from this calculation outoftimeordered correlation functions of operators that are distributed around the thermal circle take a time t_ssim beta to decay at low temperatures we generalize these exact results by demonstrating that outoftimeordered correlation functions averaged over any ensemble of hamiltonians that are invariant under unitary conjugation h rightarrow u h udagger exhibit powerlaw decay to an asymptotic value we argue that this latetime behavior is a generic feature of unitary dynamics with energy conservation finally by comparing the otoc with a commutatoranticommutator correlation function we examine whether there is a time window over which a typical hamiltonian behaves as a coherent scrambler in the language of ref citekitaev_ias kitaev_suh
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1,803.08484
Circumspheres of sets of n+1 random points in the d-dimensional Euclidean unit ball (0<n<d+1)
In the d dimensional Euclidean space, any set of n+1 independent random points, uniformly distributed in the interior of a unit ball of center O, determines almost surely a circumsphere of center C and of radius R, with n positive and less than d+1, and a n flat when n is positive and less than d. The projection of O on the n flat is named O'. The focus is set on circumspheres which are contained in this unit ball. For any d larger than 1 and any n positive and less than d, the joint probability density function of the distance D = O'C and of R has a simple closed form expression. Their marginal probability density functions are both products of powers and of a Gauss hypergeometric function. Stochastic representations of D and R are expressed as geometric means of two independent beta random variables. For n equal to d, positive, D and R have a Dirichlet distribution while D and R are each beta distributed. Results of Monte-Carlo simulations are in very good agreement with their calculated counterparts
math.MG math.PR
in the d dimensional euclidean space any set of n1 independent random points uniformly distributed in the interior of a unit ball of center o determines almost surely a circumsphere of center c and of radius r with n positive and less than d1 and a n flat when n is positive and less than d the projection of o on the n flat is named o the focus is set on circumspheres which are contained in this unit ball for any d larger than 1 and any n positive and less than d the joint probability density function of the distance d oc and of r has a simple closed form expression their marginal probability density functions are both products of powers and of a gauss hypergeometric function stochastic representations of d and r are expressed as geometric means of two independent beta random variables for n equal to d positive d and r have a dirichlet distribution while d and r are each beta distributed results of montecarlo simulations are in very good agreement with their calculated counterparts
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1,803.08485
Connecting Complex Electronic Pattern Formation to Critical Exponents
Scanning probes reveal complex, inhomogeneous patterns on the surface of many condensed matter systems. In some cases, the patterns form self-similar, fractal geometric clusters. In this paper, we advance the theory of criticality as it pertains to those geometric clusters (defined as connected sets of nearest-neighbor aligned spins) in the context of Ising models. We show how data from surface probes can be used to distinguish whether electronic patterns observed at the surface of a material are confined to the surface, or whether the patterns originate in the bulk. Whereas thermodynamic critical exponents are derived from the behavior of Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) clusters, critical exponents can be similarly defined for geometric clusters. We find that these geometric critical exponents are not only distinct numerically from the thermodynamic and uncorrelated percolation exponents, but that they separately satisfy scaling relations at the critical fixed points discussed in the text. We furthermore find that the two-dimensional (2D) cross-sections of geometric clusters in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model display critical scaling behavior at the bulk phase transition temperature. In particular, we show that when considered on a 2D slice of a 3D system, the pair connectivity function familiar from percolation theory displays more robust critical behavior than the spin-spin correlation function, and we calculate the corresponding critical exponent. We discuss the implications of these two distinct length scales in Ising models. We also calculate the pair connectivity exponent in the clean 2D case. These results extend the theory of geometric criticality in the clean Ising universality classes, and facilitate the broad application of geometric cluster analysis techniques to maximize the information that can be extracted from scanning image probe data in condensed matter systems.
cond-mat.str-el
scanning probes reveal complex inhomogeneous patterns on the surface of many condensed matter systems in some cases the patterns form selfsimilar fractal geometric clusters in this paper we advance the theory of criticality as it pertains to those geometric clusters defined as connected sets of nearestneighbor aligned spins in the context of ising models we show how data from surface probes can be used to distinguish whether electronic patterns observed at the surface of a material are confined to the surface or whether the patterns originate in the bulk whereas thermodynamic critical exponents are derived from the behavior of fortuinkasteleyn fk clusters critical exponents can be similarly defined for geometric clusters we find that these geometric critical exponents are not only distinct numerically from the thermodynamic and uncorrelated percolation exponents but that they separately satisfy scaling relations at the critical fixed points discussed in the text we furthermore find that the twodimensional 2d crosssections of geometric clusters in the threedimensional 3d ising model display critical scaling behavior at the bulk phase transition temperature in particular we show that when considered on a 2d slice of a 3d system the pair connectivity function familiar from percolation theory displays more robust critical behavior than the spinspin correlation function and we calculate the corresponding critical exponent we discuss the implications of these two distinct length scales in ising models we also calculate the pair connectivity exponent in the clean 2d case these results extend the theory of geometric criticality in the clean ising universality classes and facilitate the broad application of geometric cluster analysis techniques to maximize the information that can be extracted from scanning image probe data in condensed matter systems
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1,803.08486
Topological nodal-line semimetals in ferromagnetic rare-earth-metal monohalides
Topological semimetals, extending the topological classification from insulators to metals, have greatly enriched our understanding of topological states in condensed matter. This is particularly true for topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSs). In the present paper, we identify layered materials as promising candidates for hosting TNLSs. Based on first-principles calculations and effective model analysis, we propose that layered ferromagnetic rare-earth-metal monohalides LnX (Ln=La, Gd; X=Cl, Br) exhibit long pursued topological phases. Specifically, single-layer LaX and single-layer GdX are ideal two-dimensional (2D) Weyl semimetals and large-gap 2D quantum anomalous Hall insulators (QAHIs), with band gaps up to 61 meV, respectively. In addition, 3D LaX and 3D GdX are TNLSs with a pair of mirror-symmetry protected nodal lines and 3D weak QAHIs, respectively. The nodal lines in 3D LaX extending through the whole Brillouin zone (BZ) are fairly robust against strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and located close to the Fermi level, providing a novel platform toward exploring the exotic properties in nodal-line fermions as well as related device designs.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall
topological semimetals extending the topological classification from insulators to metals have greatly enriched our understanding of topological states in condensed matter this is particularly true for topological nodalline semimetals tnlss in the present paper we identify layered materials as promising candidates for hosting tnlss based on firstprinciples calculations and effective model analysis we propose that layered ferromagnetic rareearthmetal monohalides lnx lnla gd xcl br exhibit long pursued topological phases specifically singlelayer lax and singlelayer gdx are ideal twodimensional 2d weyl semimetals and largegap 2d quantum anomalous hall insulators qahis with band gaps up to 61 mev respectively in addition 3d lax and 3d gdx are tnlss with a pair of mirrorsymmetry protected nodal lines and 3d weak qahis respectively the nodal lines in 3d lax extending through the whole brillouin zone bz are fairly robust against strong spinorbit coupling soc and located close to the fermi level providing a novel platform toward exploring the exotic properties in nodalline fermions as well as related device designs
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1,803.08487
Log-plurigenera in stable families of surfaces
We study the flatness of log-pluricanonical sheaves on stable families of surfaces.
math.AG
we study the flatness of logpluricanonical sheaves on stable families of surfaces
[['we', 'study', 'the', 'flatness', 'of', 'logpluricanonical', 'sheaves', 'on', 'stable', 'families', 'of', 'surfaces']]
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1,803.08488
An Empirical Study of Affiliate Marketing Disclosures on YouTube and Pinterest
While disclosures relating to various forms of Internet advertising are well established and follow specific formats, endorsement marketing disclosures are often open-ended in nature and written by individual publishers. Because such marketing often appears as part of publishers' actual content, ensuring that it is adequately disclosed is critical so that end-users can identify it as such. In this paper, we characterize disclosures relating to affiliate marketing---a type of endorsement based marketing---on two popular social media platforms: YouTube & Pinterest. We find that only roughly one-tenth of affiliate content on both platforms contains disclosures. Based on our findings, we make policy recommendations geared towards various stakeholders in the affiliate marketing industry, highlighting how both social media platforms and affiliate companies can enable better disclosure practices.
cs.SI cs.CY cs.HC
while disclosures relating to various forms of internet advertising are well established and follow specific formats endorsement marketing disclosures are often openended in nature and written by individual publishers because such marketing often appears as part of publishers actual content ensuring that it is adequately disclosed is critical so that endusers can identify it as such in this paper we characterize disclosures relating to affiliate marketinga type of endorsement based marketingon two popular social media platforms youtube pinterest we find that only roughly onetenth of affiliate content on both platforms contains disclosures based on our findings we make policy recommendations geared towards various stakeholders in the affiliate marketing industry highlighting how both social media platforms and affiliate companies can enable better disclosure practices
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1,803.08489
KonIQ-10k: Towards an ecologically valid and large-scale IQA database
The main challenge in applying state-of-the-art deep learning methods to predict image quality in-the-wild is the relatively small size of existing quality scored datasets. The reason for the lack of larger datasets is the massive resources required in generating diverse and publishable content. We present a new systematic and scalable approach to create large-scale, authentic and diverse image datasets for Image Quality Assessment (IQA). We show how we built an IQA database, KonIQ-10k, consisting of 10,073 images, on which we performed very large scale crowdsourcing experiments in order to obtain reliable quality ratings from 1,467 crowd workers (1.2 million ratings). We argue for its ecological validity by analyzing the diversity of the dataset, by comparing it to state-of-the-art IQA databases, and by checking the reliability of our user studies.
cs.CV cs.MM
the main challenge in applying stateoftheart deep learning methods to predict image quality inthewild is the relatively small size of existing quality scored datasets the reason for the lack of larger datasets is the massive resources required in generating diverse and publishable content we present a new systematic and scalable approach to create largescale authentic and diverse image datasets for image quality assessment iqa we show how we built an iqa database koniq10k consisting of 10073 images on which we performed very large scale crowdsourcing experiments in order to obtain reliable quality ratings from 1467 crowd workers 12 million ratings we argue for its ecological validity by analyzing the diversity of the dataset by comparing it to stateoftheart iqa databases and by checking the reliability of our user studies
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1,803.0849
An Inflow Mechanism for Hydrodynamic Entropy
We argue that entropy production in hydrodynamics can be understood via a superspace inflow mechanism. Our arguments are based on a recently developed formalism for constructing effective actions for Schwinger-Keldysh observables in quantum field theories. The formalism explicitly incorporates microscopic unitarity and the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger thermal periodicity conditions, by recasting them in terms of topological BRST symmetries of the effective action.
hep-th cond-mat.stat-mech
we argue that entropy production in hydrodynamics can be understood via a superspace inflow mechanism our arguments are based on a recently developed formalism for constructing effective actions for schwingerkeldysh observables in quantum field theories the formalism explicitly incorporates microscopic unitarity and the kubomartinschwinger thermal periodicity conditions by recasting them in terms of topological brst symmetries of the effective action
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1,803.08491
Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election
The dynamics and influence of fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election remains to be clarified. Here, we use a dataset of 171 million tweets in the five months preceding the election day to identify 30 million tweets, from 2.2 million users, which contain a link to news outlets. Based on a classification of news outlets curated by www.opensources.co, we find that 25% of these tweets spread either fake or extremely biased news. We characterize the networks of information flow to find the most influential spreaders of fake and traditional news and use causal modeling to uncover how fake news influenced the presidential election. We find that, while top influencers spreading traditional center and left leaning news largely influence the activity of Clinton supporters, this causality is reversed for the fake news: the activity of Trump supporters influences the dynamics of the top fake news spreaders.
cs.SI cs.CY physics.soc-ph
the dynamics and influence of fake news on twitter during the 2016 us presidential election remains to be clarified here we use a dataset of 171 million tweets in the five months preceding the election day to identify 30 million tweets from 22 million users which contain a link to news outlets based on a classification of news outlets curated by wwwopensourcesco we find that 25 of these tweets spread either fake or extremely biased news we characterize the networks of information flow to find the most influential spreaders of fake and traditional news and use causal modeling to uncover how fake news influenced the presidential election we find that while top influencers spreading traditional center and left leaning news largely influence the activity of clinton supporters this causality is reversed for the fake news the activity of trump supporters influences the dynamics of the top fake news spreaders
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1,803.08492
Optimality of refraction strategies for a constrained dividend problem
We consider de Finetti's problem for spectrally one-sided L\'evy risk models with control strategies that are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Furthermore, we consider the version with a constraint on the time of ruin. To characterize the solution to the aforementioned models, we first solve the optimal dividend problem with a terminal value at ruin and show the optimality of threshold strategies. Next, we introduce the dual Lagrangian problem and show that the complementary slackness conditions are satisfied, characterizing the optimal Lagrange multiplier. Finally, we illustrate our findings with a series of numerical examples.
math.OC
we consider de finettis problem for spectrally onesided levy risk models with control strategies that are absolutely continuous with respect to the lebesgue measure furthermore we consider the version with a constraint on the time of ruin to characterize the solution to the aforementioned models we first solve the optimal dividend problem with a terminal value at ruin and show the optimality of threshold strategies next we introduce the dual lagrangian problem and show that the complementary slackness conditions are satisfied characterizing the optimal lagrange multiplier finally we illustrate our findings with a series of numerical examples
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1,803.08493
Contextual Salience for Fast and Accurate Sentence Vectors
Unsupervised vector representations of sentences or documents are a major building block for many language tasks such as sentiment classification. However, current methods are uninterpretable and slow or require large training datasets. Recent word vector-based proposals implicitly assume that distances in a word embedding space are equally important, regardless of context. We introduce contextual salience (CoSal), a measure of word importance that uses the distribution of context vectors to normalize distances and weights. CoSal relies on the insight that unusual word vectors disproportionately affect phrase vectors. A bag-of-words model with CoSal-based weights produces accurate unsupervised sentence or document representations for classification, requiring little computation to evaluate and only a single covariance calculation to ``train." CoSal supports small contexts, out-of context words and outperforms SkipThought on most benchmarks, beats tf-idf on all benchmarks, and is competitive with the unsupervised state-of-the-art.
cs.CL
unsupervised vector representations of sentences or documents are a major building block for many language tasks such as sentiment classification however current methods are uninterpretable and slow or require large training datasets recent word vectorbased proposals implicitly assume that distances in a word embedding space are equally important regardless of context we introduce contextual salience cosal a measure of word importance that uses the distribution of context vectors to normalize distances and weights cosal relies on the insight that unusual word vectors disproportionately affect phrase vectors a bagofwords model with cosalbased weights produces accurate unsupervised sentence or document representations for classification requiring little computation to evaluate and only a single covariance calculation to train cosal supports small contexts outof context words and outperforms skipthought on most benchmarks beats tfidf on all benchmarks and is competitive with the unsupervised stateoftheart
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1,803.08494
Group Normalization
Batch Normalization (BN) is a milestone technique in the development of deep learning, enabling various networks to train. However, normalizing along the batch dimension introduces problems --- BN's error increases rapidly when the batch size becomes smaller, caused by inaccurate batch statistics estimation. This limits BN's usage for training larger models and transferring features to computer vision tasks including detection, segmentation, and video, which require small batches constrained by memory consumption. In this paper, we present Group Normalization (GN) as a simple alternative to BN. GN divides the channels into groups and computes within each group the mean and variance for normalization. GN's computation is independent of batch sizes, and its accuracy is stable in a wide range of batch sizes. On ResNet-50 trained in ImageNet, GN has 10.6% lower error than its BN counterpart when using a batch size of 2; when using typical batch sizes, GN is comparably good with BN and outperforms other normalization variants. Moreover, GN can be naturally transferred from pre-training to fine-tuning. GN can outperform its BN-based counterparts for object detection and segmentation in COCO, and for video classification in Kinetics, showing that GN can effectively replace the powerful BN in a variety of tasks. GN can be easily implemented by a few lines of code in modern libraries.
cs.CV cs.LG
batch normalization bn is a milestone technique in the development of deep learning enabling various networks to train however normalizing along the batch dimension introduces problems bns error increases rapidly when the batch size becomes smaller caused by inaccurate batch statistics estimation this limits bns usage for training larger models and transferring features to computer vision tasks including detection segmentation and video which require small batches constrained by memory consumption in this paper we present group normalization gn as a simple alternative to bn gn divides the channels into groups and computes within each group the mean and variance for normalization gns computation is independent of batch sizes and its accuracy is stable in a wide range of batch sizes on resnet50 trained in imagenet gn has 106 lower error than its bn counterpart when using a batch size of 2 when using typical batch sizes gn is comparably good with bn and outperforms other normalization variants moreover gn can be naturally transferred from pretraining to finetuning gn can outperform its bnbased counterparts for object detection and segmentation in coco and for video classification in kinetics showing that gn can effectively replace the powerful bn in a variety of tasks gn can be easily implemented by a few lines of code in modern libraries
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1,803.08495
Text2Shape: Generating Shapes from Natural Language by Learning Joint Embeddings
We present a method for generating colored 3D shapes from natural language. To this end, we first learn joint embeddings of freeform text descriptions and colored 3D shapes. Our model combines and extends learning by association and metric learning approaches to learn implicit cross-modal connections, and produces a joint representation that captures the many-to-many relations between language and physical properties of 3D shapes such as color and shape. To evaluate our approach, we collect a large dataset of natural language descriptions for physical 3D objects in the ShapeNet dataset. With this learned joint embedding we demonstrate text-to-shape retrieval that outperforms baseline approaches. Using our embeddings with a novel conditional Wasserstein GAN framework, we generate colored 3D shapes from text. Our method is the first to connect natural language text with realistic 3D objects exhibiting rich variations in color, texture, and shape detail. See video at https://youtu.be/zraPvRdl13Q
cs.CV cs.AI cs.GR cs.LG
we present a method for generating colored 3d shapes from natural language to this end we first learn joint embeddings of freeform text descriptions and colored 3d shapes our model combines and extends learning by association and metric learning approaches to learn implicit crossmodal connections and produces a joint representation that captures the manytomany relations between language and physical properties of 3d shapes such as color and shape to evaluate our approach we collect a large dataset of natural language descriptions for physical 3d objects in the shapenet dataset with this learned joint embedding we demonstrate texttoshape retrieval that outperforms baseline approaches using our embeddings with a novel conditional wasserstein gan framework we generate colored 3d shapes from text our method is the first to connect natural language text with realistic 3d objects exhibiting rich variations in color texture and shape detail see video at httpsyoutubezrapvrdl13q
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1,803.08496
Generalized Scene Reconstruction
A new passive approach called Generalized Scene Reconstruction (GSR) enables "generalized scenes" to be effectively reconstructed. Generalized scenes are defined to be "boundless" spaces that include non-Lambertian, partially transmissive, textureless and finely-structured matter. A new data structure called a plenoptic octree is introduced to enable efficient (database-like) light and matter field reconstruction in devices such as mobile phones, augmented reality (AR) glasses and drones. To satisfy threshold requirements for GSR accuracy, scenes are represented as systems of partially polarized light, radiometrically interacting with matter. To demonstrate GSR, a prototype imaging polarimeter is used to reconstruct (in generalized light fields) highly reflective, hail-damaged automobile body panels. Follow-on GSR experiments are described.
cs.CV
a new passive approach called generalized scene reconstruction gsr enables generalized scenes to be effectively reconstructed generalized scenes are defined to be boundless spaces that include nonlambertian partially transmissive textureless and finelystructured matter a new data structure called a plenoptic octree is introduced to enable efficient databaselike light and matter field reconstruction in devices such as mobile phones augmented reality ar glasses and drones to satisfy threshold requirements for gsr accuracy scenes are represented as systems of partially polarized light radiometrically interacting with matter to demonstrate gsr a prototype imaging polarimeter is used to reconstruct in generalized light fields highly reflective haildamaged automobile body panels followon gsr experiments are described
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1,803.08497
All rational one-loop Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes at four points
All four-point mixed gluon-graviton amplitudes in pure Einstein-Yang-Mills theory with at most one state of negative helicity are computed at one-loop order and maximal powers of the gauge coupling using D-dimensional generalized unitarity. The resulting purely rational expressions take very compact forms. We comment on the color-kinematics duality picture and a relation to collinear limits of pure gluon amplitudes.
hep-th hep-ph
all fourpoint mixed gluongraviton amplitudes in pure einsteinyangmills theory with at most one state of negative helicity are computed at oneloop order and maximal powers of the gauge coupling using ddimensional generalized unitarity the resulting purely rational expressions take very compact forms we comment on the colorkinematics duality picture and a relation to collinear limits of pure gluon amplitudes
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1,803.08498
Magnetically-coupled piston pump for high-purity gas applications
Experiments based on noble elements such as gaseous or liquid argon or xenon utilize the ionization and scintillation properties of the target materials to detect radiation-induced recoils. A requirement for high light and charge yields is to reduce electronegative impurities well below the ppb level. To achieve this, the target material is continuously circulated in the gas phase through a purifier and returned to the detector. Additionally, the low backgrounds necessary dictate low-Rn-emanation rates from all components that contact the gas. Since commercial pumps often introduce electronegative impurities from lubricants on internal components or through small air leaks, and are not designed to meet the radiopurity requirements, custom-built pumps are an advantageous alternative. A new pump has been developed in Muenster in cooperation with the nEXO group at Stanford University and the nEXO/XENON group at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute based on a magnetically-coupled piston in a hermetically sealed low-Rn-emanating vessel. This pump delivers high performance for noble gases, reaching more than 210 standard liters per minute (slpm) with argon and more than 170 slpm with xenon while maintaining a compression of up to 1.9 bar, demonstrating its capability for noble gas detectors and other applications requiring high standards of gas purity.
physics.ins-det
experiments based on noble elements such as gaseous or liquid argon or xenon utilize the ionization and scintillation properties of the target materials to detect radiationinduced recoils a requirement for high light and charge yields is to reduce electronegative impurities well below the ppb level to achieve this the target material is continuously circulated in the gas phase through a purifier and returned to the detector additionally the low backgrounds necessary dictate lowrnemanation rates from all components that contact the gas since commercial pumps often introduce electronegative impurities from lubricants on internal components or through small air leaks and are not designed to meet the radiopurity requirements custombuilt pumps are an advantageous alternative a new pump has been developed in muenster in cooperation with the nexo group at stanford university and the nexoxenon group at rensselaer polytechnic institute based on a magneticallycoupled piston in a hermetically sealed lowrnemanating vessel this pump delivers high performance for noble gases reaching more than 210 standard liters per minute slpm with argon and more than 170 slpm with xenon while maintaining a compression of up to 19 bar demonstrating its capability for noble gas detectors and other applications requiring high standards of gas purity
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1,803.08499
Lower bound of measure and embeddings of Sobolev, Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
In this article, we study the relation between Sobolev-type embeddings for Sobolev spaces or Besov spaces or Triebel-Lizorkin spaces defined either on a doubling or on a geodesic metric measure space and lower bound for measure of balls either in the whole space or in a domain inside the space.
math.FA
in this article we study the relation between sobolevtype embeddings for sobolev spaces or besov spaces or triebellizorkin spaces defined either on a doubling or on a geodesic metric measure space and lower bound for measure of balls either in the whole space or in a domain inside the space
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1,803.085
Equilibrium Solutions of Multi-Period Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection
This is a companion paper of [Mixed equilibrium solution of time-inconsistent stochastic LQ problem, arXiv:1802.03032], where general theory has been established to characterize the open-loop equilibrium control, feedback equilibrium strategy and mixed equilibrium solution for a time-inconsistent stochastic linear-quadratic problem. This note is, on the one hand to test the developed theory of that paper, and on the other hand to push the solvability of multi-period mean-variance portfolio selection. A nondegenerate assumption has been removed in this note, which is popular in existing literature about multi-period mean-variance portfolio selection; and neat conditions have been obtained to characterize the existence of equilibrium solutions.
math.OC
this is a companion paper of mixed equilibrium solution of timeinconsistent stochastic lq problem arxiv180203032 where general theory has been established to characterize the openloop equilibrium control feedback equilibrium strategy and mixed equilibrium solution for a timeinconsistent stochastic linearquadratic problem this note is on the one hand to test the developed theory of that paper and on the other hand to push the solvability of multiperiod meanvariance portfolio selection a nondegenerate assumption has been removed in this note which is popular in existing literature about multiperiod meanvariance portfolio selection and neat conditions have been obtained to characterize the existence of equilibrium solutions
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1,803.08501
DOP: Deep Optimistic Planning with Approximate Value Function Evaluation
Research on reinforcement learning has demonstrated promising results in manifold applications and domains. Still, efficiently learning effective robot behaviors is very difficult, due to unstructured scenarios, high uncertainties, and large state dimensionality (e.g. multi-agent systems or hyper-redundant robots). To alleviate this problem, we present DOP, a deep model-based reinforcement learning algorithm, which exploits action values to both (1) guide the exploration of the state space and (2) plan effective policies. Specifically, we exploit deep neural networks to learn Q-functions that are used to attack the curse of dimensionality during a Monte-Carlo tree search. Our algorithm, in fact, constructs upper confidence bounds on the learned value function to select actions optimistically. We implement and evaluate DOP on different scenarios: (1) a cooperative navigation problem, (2) a fetching task for a 7-DOF KUKA robot, and (3) a human-robot handover with a humanoid robot (both in simulation and real). The obtained results show the effectiveness of DOP in the chosen applications, where action values drive the exploration and reduce the computational demand of the planning process while achieving good performance.
cs.RO cs.LG
research on reinforcement learning has demonstrated promising results in manifold applications and domains still efficiently learning effective robot behaviors is very difficult due to unstructured scenarios high uncertainties and large state dimensionality eg multiagent systems or hyperredundant robots to alleviate this problem we present dop a deep modelbased reinforcement learning algorithm which exploits action values to both 1 guide the exploration of the state space and 2 plan effective policies specifically we exploit deep neural networks to learn qfunctions that are used to attack the curse of dimensionality during a montecarlo tree search our algorithm in fact constructs upper confidence bounds on the learned value function to select actions optimistically we implement and evaluate dop on different scenarios 1 a cooperative navigation problem 2 a fetching task for a 7dof kuka robot and 3 a humanrobot handover with a humanoid robot both in simulation and real the obtained results show the effectiveness of dop in the chosen applications where action values drive the exploration and reduce the computational demand of the planning process while achieving good performance
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1,803.08502
Chemical modeling of internal photon-dominated regions surrounding deeply embedded HC/UCHII regions
We aim to investigate the chemistry of internal photon-dominated regions surrounding deeply embedded hypercompact and ultracompact HII regions. We search for specific tracers of this evolutionary stage of massive star formation that can be detected with current astronomical facilities. We modeled hot cores with embedded HC/UCHII regions, by coupling the astrochemical code Saptarsy to a radiative transfer framework obtaining the spatio-temporal evolution of abundances as well as time-dependent synthetic spectra. In these models where we focused on the internal PDR surrounding the HI region, the gas temperature is set to the dust temperature and we do not include dynamics thus the density structure is fixed. We compared this to hot molecular core models and studied the effect on the chemistry of the radiation field which is included in the HII region models only during the computation of abundances. In addition, we investigated the chemical evolution of the gas surrounding HII regions with models of different densities at the ionization front, different sizes of the ionized cavity and different initial abundances. We obtain the time evolution of synthetic spectra for a dozen of selected species as well as ratios of their integrated intensities. We find that some molecules such as C, N2H+, CN, and HCO do not trace the inner core and so are not good tracers to distinguish the HII/PDR regions to the HMCs phase. On the contrary, C+ and O trace the internal PDRs, in the two models starting with different initial abundances, but are unfortunately currently unobservable with the current achievable spatial resolution because of the very thin internal PDR (r < 100 AU). In addition, we find that the abundance profiles are highly affected by the choice of the initial abundances, hence the importance to properly define them.
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.SR
we aim to investigate the chemistry of internal photondominated regions surrounding deeply embedded hypercompact and ultracompact hii regions we search for specific tracers of this evolutionary stage of massive star formation that can be detected with current astronomical facilities we modeled hot cores with embedded hcuchii regions by coupling the astrochemical code saptarsy to a radiative transfer framework obtaining the spatiotemporal evolution of abundances as well as timedependent synthetic spectra in these models where we focused on the internal pdr surrounding the hi region the gas temperature is set to the dust temperature and we do not include dynamics thus the density structure is fixed we compared this to hot molecular core models and studied the effect on the chemistry of the radiation field which is included in the hii region models only during the computation of abundances in addition we investigated the chemical evolution of the gas surrounding hii regions with models of different densities at the ionization front different sizes of the ionized cavity and different initial abundances we obtain the time evolution of synthetic spectra for a dozen of selected species as well as ratios of their integrated intensities we find that some molecules such as c n2h cn and hco do not trace the inner core and so are not good tracers to distinguish the hiipdr regions to the hmcs phase on the contrary c and o trace the internal pdrs in the two models starting with different initial abundances but are unfortunately currently unobservable with the current achievable spatial resolution because of the very thin internal pdr r 100 au in addition we find that the abundance profiles are highly affected by the choice of the initial abundances hence the importance to properly define them
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1,803.08503
Kalman Filter, Unscented Filter and Particle Flow Filter on Non-linear Models
Filters, especially wide range of Kalman Filters have shown their impacts on predicting variables of stochastic models with higher accuracy then traditional statistic methods. Updating mean and covariance each time makes Bayesian inferences more meaningful. In this paper, we mainly focused on the derivation and implementation of three powerful filters: Kalman Filter, Unscented Kalman Filter and Particle Flow Filter. Comparison for these different type of filters could make us more clear about the suitable applications for different circumstances.
stat.AP
filters especially wide range of kalman filters have shown their impacts on predicting variables of stochastic models with higher accuracy then traditional statistic methods updating mean and covariance each time makes bayesian inferences more meaningful in this paper we mainly focused on the derivation and implementation of three powerful filters kalman filter unscented kalman filter and particle flow filter comparison for these different type of filters could make us more clear about the suitable applications for different circumstances
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1,803.08504
AGN mass estimates in large spectroscopic surveys: the effect of host galaxy light
Virial-based methods for estimating active supermassive black hole masses are now commonly used on extremely large spectroscopic quasar catalogues. Most spectral analyses, though, do not pay enough attention to a detailed continuum decomposition. To understand how this affects virial mass estimate results, we test the influence of host galaxy light on them, along with Balmer continuum component. A detailed fit with the new spectroscopic analysis software QSFit demonstrated that the presence or absence of continuum components do not affect significantly the virial-based results for our sample. Taking or not in consideration a host galaxy component, instead, affects the emission line fitting in a more pronounced way at lower redshifts, where in fact we observe dimmer quasars and more visible host galaxies.
astro-ph.GA
virialbased methods for estimating active supermassive black hole masses are now commonly used on extremely large spectroscopic quasar catalogues most spectral analyses though do not pay enough attention to a detailed continuum decomposition to understand how this affects virial mass estimate results we test the influence of host galaxy light on them along with balmer continuum component a detailed fit with the new spectroscopic analysis software qsfit demonstrated that the presence or absence of continuum components do not affect significantly the virialbased results for our sample taking or not in consideration a host galaxy component instead affects the emission line fitting in a more pronounced way at lower redshifts where in fact we observe dimmer quasars and more visible host galaxies
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1,803.08505
String dynamics in NS5-F1-P geometries
String theory dynamics on certain fivebrane supertube backgrounds is described by an exactly solvable null-gauged WZW model. We use this description to compute the spectrum of closed string excitations on the three-charge non-supersymmetric solution found by Jejjala, Madden, Ross and Titchener, as well as its supersymmetric limit. The low-lying spectrum matches that of supergravity modes in the effective geometry and exhibits an underlying group-theoretic structure. Winding sectors describe strings carrying the same charges as the background; processes whereby strings turn into flux or vice-versa are mediated by large gauge transformations on the worldsheet. The S-matrix of such wound strings probes microstructure of the fivebrane source that is hidden in the supergravity approximation.
hep-th gr-qc
string theory dynamics on certain fivebrane supertube backgrounds is described by an exactly solvable nullgauged wzw model we use this description to compute the spectrum of closed string excitations on the threecharge nonsupersymmetric solution found by jejjala madden ross and titchener as well as its supersymmetric limit the lowlying spectrum matches that of supergravity modes in the effective geometry and exhibits an underlying grouptheoretic structure winding sectors describe strings carrying the same charges as the background processes whereby strings turn into flux or viceversa are mediated by large gauge transformations on the worldsheet the smatrix of such wound strings probes microstructure of the fivebrane source that is hidden in the supergravity approximation
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1,803.08506
Particle physics origin of the 5 MeV bump in the reactor antineutrino spectrum?
One of the most puzzling questions in neutrino physics is the origin of the excess at 5 MeV in the reactor antineutrino spectrum. In this paper, we explore the excess via the reaction $^{13}$C$(\overline{\nu}, \overline{\nu}^\prime n)^{12}$C$^*$ in organic scintillator detectors. The de-excitation of $^{12}$C$^*$ yields a prompt $4.4$ MeV photon, while the thermalization of the product neutron causes proton recoils, which in turn yield an additional prompt energy contribution with finite width. Together, these effects can mimic an inverse beta decay event with around 5 MeV energy. We consider several non-standard neutrino interactions to produce such a process and find that the parameter space preferred by Daya Bay is disfavored by measurements of neutrino-induced deuteron disintegration and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. While non-minimal particle physics scenarios may be viable, a nuclear physics solution to this anomaly appears more appealing.
hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th
one of the most puzzling questions in neutrino physics is the origin of the excess at 5 mev in the reactor antineutrino spectrum in this paper we explore the excess via the reaction 13coverlinenu overlinenuprime n12c in organic scintillator detectors the deexcitation of 12c yields a prompt 44 mev photon while the thermalization of the product neutron causes proton recoils which in turn yield an additional prompt energy contribution with finite width together these effects can mimic an inverse beta decay event with around 5 mev energy we consider several nonstandard neutrino interactions to produce such a process and find that the parameter space preferred by daya bay is disfavored by measurements of neutrinoinduced deuteron disintegration and coherent elastic neutrinonucleus scattering while nonminimal particle physics scenarios may be viable a nuclear physics solution to this anomaly appears more appealing
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1,803.08507
Master 3d Bosonization Duality with Boundaries
We establish the action of the three-dimensional non-Abelian bosonization dualities in the presence of a boundary, which supports a non-anomalous two-dimensional theory. In particular, we generalize a prescriptive method for assigning duality consistent boundary conditions used originally for Abelian dualities to dual non-Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theories with $SU$ and $U$ gauge groups and fundamental matter sectors. The cases of single species matter sectors and those with both scalars and fermions in the dual theories are considered. Generalization of our methods to $SO$ and $USp$ Chern-Simons theories is also discussed.
hep-th cond-mat.mes-hall
we establish the action of the threedimensional nonabelian bosonization dualities in the presence of a boundary which supports a nonanomalous twodimensional theory in particular we generalize a prescriptive method for assigning duality consistent boundary conditions used originally for abelian dualities to dual nonabelian chernsimonsmatter theories with su and u gauge groups and fundamental matter sectors the cases of single species matter sectors and those with both scalars and fermions in the dual theories are considered generalization of our methods to so and usp chernsimons theories is also discussed
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1,803.08508
Probing black hole accretion in quasar pairs at high redshift
Models and observations suggest that luminous quasar activity is triggered by mergers, so it should preferentially occur in the most massive primordial dark matter haloes, where the frequency of mergers is expected to be the highest. Since the importance of galaxy mergers increases with redshift, we identify the high-redshift Universe as the ideal laboratory for studying dual AGN. Here we present the X-ray properties of two systems of dual quasars at z=3.0-3.3 selected from the SDSS-DR6 at separations of 6-8 arcsec (43-65kpc) and observed by Chandra for 65ks each. Both members of each pair are detected with good photon statistics to allow us to constrain the column density, spectral slope and intrinsic X-ray luminosity. We also include a recently discovered dual quasar at z=5 (separation of 21 arcsec, 136kpc) for which XMM-Newton archival data allow us to detect the two components separately. Using optical spectra we derived bolometric luminosities, BH masses and Eddington ratios that were compared to those of luminous SDSS quasars in the same redshift ranges. We find that the brighter component of both pairs at z=3.0-3.3 has high luminosities compared to the distribution of SDSS quasars at similar redshift, with J1622A having an order magnitude higher luminosity than the median. This source lies at the luminous end of the z~3.3 quasar luminosity function. While we cannot conclusively state that the unusually high luminosities of our sources are related to their having a close companion, for J1622A there is only a 3% probability that it is by chance.
astro-ph.GA
models and observations suggest that luminous quasar activity is triggered by mergers so it should preferentially occur in the most massive primordial dark matter haloes where the frequency of mergers is expected to be the highest since the importance of galaxy mergers increases with redshift we identify the highredshift universe as the ideal laboratory for studying dual agn here we present the xray properties of two systems of dual quasars at z3033 selected from the sdssdr6 at separations of 68 arcsec 4365kpc and observed by chandra for 65ks each both members of each pair are detected with good photon statistics to allow us to constrain the column density spectral slope and intrinsic xray luminosity we also include a recently discovered dual quasar at z5 separation of 21 arcsec 136kpc for which xmmnewton archival data allow us to detect the two components separately using optical spectra we derived bolometric luminosities bh masses and eddington ratios that were compared to those of luminous sdss quasars in the same redshift ranges we find that the brighter component of both pairs at z3033 has high luminosities compared to the distribution of sdss quasars at similar redshift with j1622a having an order magnitude higher luminosity than the median this source lies at the luminous end of the z33 quasar luminosity function while we cannot conclusively state that the unusually high luminosities of our sources are related to their having a close companion for j1622a there is only a 3 probability that it is by chance
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1,803.08509
Transport of neutral optical excitations using electric fields
Mobile quantum impurities interacting with a fermionic bath form quasiparticles known as Fermi polarons. We demonstrate that a force applied to the bath particles can generate a drag force of similar magnitude acting on the impurities, realizing a novel, nonperturbative Coulomb drag effect. To prove this, we calculate the fully self-consistent, frequency-dependent transconductivity at zero temperature in the Baym-Kadanoff conserving approximation. We apply our theory to excitons and exciton polaritons interacting with a bath of charge carriers in a doped semiconductor embedded in a microcavity. In external electric and magnetic fields, the drag effect enables electrical control of excitons and may pave the way for the implementation of gauge fields for excitons and polaritons. Moreover, a reciprocal effect may facilitate optical manipulation of electron transport. Our findings establish transport measurements as a novel, powerful tool for probing the many-body physics of mobile quantum impurities.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.quant-gas quant-ph
mobile quantum impurities interacting with a fermionic bath form quasiparticles known as fermi polarons we demonstrate that a force applied to the bath particles can generate a drag force of similar magnitude acting on the impurities realizing a novel nonperturbative coulomb drag effect to prove this we calculate the fully selfconsistent frequencydependent transconductivity at zero temperature in the baymkadanoff conserving approximation we apply our theory to excitons and exciton polaritons interacting with a bath of charge carriers in a doped semiconductor embedded in a microcavity in external electric and magnetic fields the drag effect enables electrical control of excitons and may pave the way for the implementation of gauge fields for excitons and polaritons moreover a reciprocal effect may facilitate optical manipulation of electron transport our findings establish transport measurements as a novel powerful tool for probing the manybody physics of mobile quantum impurities
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1,803.0851
A Criterion for the Onset of Chaos in Systems of Two Eccentric Planets
We derive a criterion for the onset of chaos in systems consisting of two massive, eccentric, coplanar planets. Given the planets' masses and separation, the criterion predicts the critical eccentricity above which chaos is triggered. Chaos occurs where mean motion resonances overlap, as in Wisdom (1980)'s pioneering work. But whereas Wisdom considered only nearly circular planets, and hence examined only first order resonances, we extend his results to arbitrarily eccentric planets (up to crossing orbits) by examining resonances of all orders. We thereby arrive at a simple expression for the critical eccentricity. We do this first for a test particle in the presence of a planet, and then generalize to the case of two massive planets, based on a new approximation to the Hamiltonian (Hadden, in prep). We then confirm our results with detailed numerical simulations. Finally, we explore the extent to which chaotic two-planet systems eventually result in planetary collisions.
astro-ph.EP
we derive a criterion for the onset of chaos in systems consisting of two massive eccentric coplanar planets given the planets masses and separation the criterion predicts the critical eccentricity above which chaos is triggered chaos occurs where mean motion resonances overlap as in wisdom 1980s pioneering work but whereas wisdom considered only nearly circular planets and hence examined only first order resonances we extend his results to arbitrarily eccentric planets up to crossing orbits by examining resonances of all orders we thereby arrive at a simple expression for the critical eccentricity we do this first for a test particle in the presence of a planet and then generalize to the case of two massive planets based on a new approximation to the hamiltonian hadden in prep we then confirm our results with detailed numerical simulations finally we explore the extent to which chaotic twoplanet systems eventually result in planetary collisions
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1,803.08511
Analytical study of quality-biased competition dynamics for memes in social media
The spreading of news, memes and other pieces of information occurring via online social platforms has a strong and growing impact on our modern societies, with enormous consequences, that may be beneficial but also catastrophic. In this work we consider a recently introduced model for information diffusion in social media taking explicitly into account the competition of a large number of items of diverse quality. We map the meme dynamics onto a one-dimensional diffusion process that we solve analytically, deriving the lifetime and popularity distributions of individual memes. We also present a mean-field type of approach that reproduces the average stationary properties of the dynamics. In this way we understand and control the role of the different ingredients of the model, opening the path for the inclusion of additional, more realistic, features.
physics.soc-ph cond-mat.stat-mech cs.SI
the spreading of news memes and other pieces of information occurring via online social platforms has a strong and growing impact on our modern societies with enormous consequences that may be beneficial but also catastrophic in this work we consider a recently introduced model for information diffusion in social media taking explicitly into account the competition of a large number of items of diverse quality we map the meme dynamics onto a onedimensional diffusion process that we solve analytically deriving the lifetime and popularity distributions of individual memes we also present a meanfield type of approach that reproduces the average stationary properties of the dynamics in this way we understand and control the role of the different ingredients of the model opening the path for the inclusion of additional more realistic features
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1,803.08512
Lattice $\phi^4$ Field Theory on Riemann Manifolds: Numerical Tests for the 2-d Ising CFT on $\mathbb{S}^2$
We present a method for defining a lattice realization of the $\phi^4$ quantum field theory on a simplicial complex in order to enable numerical computation on a general Riemann manifold. The procedure begins with adopting methods from traditional Regge Calculus (RC) and finite element methods (FEM) plus the addition of ultraviolet counter terms required to reach the renormalized field theory in the continuum limit. The construction is tested numerically for the two-dimensional $\phi^4$ scalar field theory on the Riemann two-sphere, $\mathbb{S}^2$, in comparison with the exact solutions to the two-dimensional Ising conformal field theory (CFT). Numerical results for the Binder cumulants (up to 12th order) and the two- and four-point correlation functions are in agreement with the exact $c = 1/2$ CFT solutions.
hep-lat hep-th
we present a method for defining a lattice realization of the phi4 quantum field theory on a simplicial complex in order to enable numerical computation on a general riemann manifold the procedure begins with adopting methods from traditional regge calculus rc and finite element methods fem plus the addition of ultraviolet counter terms required to reach the renormalized field theory in the continuum limit the construction is tested numerically for the twodimensional phi4 scalar field theory on the riemann twosphere mathbbs2 in comparison with the exact solutions to the twodimensional ising conformal field theory cft numerical results for the binder cumulants up to 12th order and the two and fourpoint correlation functions are in agreement with the exact c 12 cft solutions
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1,803.08513
Crawling technicolor
We analyze the Callan-Symanzik equations when scale invariance at a nontrivial infrared (IR) fixed point $\alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}}$ is realized in the Nambu-Goldstone (NG) mode. As a result, Green's functions at $\alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}}$ do not scale in the same way as for the conventional Wigner-Weyl (WW) mode. This allows us to propose a new mechanism for dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking where the running coupling $\alpha$ "crawls" towards (but does not pass) $\alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}}$ in the exact IR limit. The NG mechanism at $\alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}}$ implies the existence of a massless dilaton $\sigma$, which becomes massive for IR expansions in $\epsilon \equiv \alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}} - \alpha$ and is identified with the Higgs boson. Unlike "dilatons" that are close to a WW-mode fixed point or associated with a Coleman-Weinberg potential, our NG-mode dilaton is genuine and hence naturally light. Its (mass)$^2$ is proportional to $\epsilon \beta'(4+\beta')F_\sigma^{-2} \langle\hat{G}^2\rangle_{\text{vac}}$, where $\beta'$ is the (positive) slope of the beta function at $\alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}}$, $F_\sigma$ is the dilaton decay constant and $\langle\hat{G}^2\rangle_{\text{vac}}$ is the technigluon condensate. Our effective field theory for this works because it respects Zumino's consistency condition for dilaton Lagrangians. We find a closed form of the Higgs potential with $\beta'$-dependent deviations from that of the Standard Model. Flavor-changing neutral currents are suppressed if the crawling region $\alpha \lesssim \alpha^{}_{\mathrm{IR}}$ includes a sufficiently large range of energies above the TeV scale. In Appendix A, we observe that, contrary to folklore, condensates protect fields from decoupling in the IR limit.
hep-ph hep-lat hep-th
we analyze the callansymanzik equations when scale invariance at a nontrivial infrared ir fixed point alpha_mathrmir is realized in the nambugoldstone ng mode as a result greens functions at alpha_mathrmir do not scale in the same way as for the conventional wignerweyl ww mode this allows us to propose a new mechanism for dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking where the running coupling alpha crawls towards but does not pass alpha_mathrmir in the exact ir limit the ng mechanism at alpha_mathrmir implies the existence of a massless dilaton sigma which becomes massive for ir expansions in epsilon equiv alpha_mathrmir alpha and is identified with the higgs boson unlike dilatons that are close to a wwmode fixed point or associated with a colemanweinberg potential our ngmode dilaton is genuine and hence naturally light its mass2 is proportional to epsilon beta4betaf_sigma2 langlehatg2rangle_textvac where beta is the positive slope of the beta function at alpha_mathrmir f_sigma is the dilaton decay constant and langlehatg2rangle_textvac is the technigluon condensate our effective field theory for this works because it respects zuminos consistency condition for dilaton lagrangians we find a closed form of the higgs potential with betadependent deviations from that of the standard model flavorchanging neutral currents are suppressed if the crawling region alpha lesssim alpha_mathrmir includes a sufficiently large range of energies above the tev scale in appendix a we observe that contrary to folklore condensates protect fields from decoupling in the ir limit
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1,803.08514
Phenomenology of a First Order Dark State Phase Transition
Dark states are stationary states of a dissipative, Lindblad-type time evolution with zero von Neumann entropy, therefore representing examples of pure, steady quantum states. Non-equilibrium dynamics featuring a dark state recently gained a lot of attraction since their implementation in the context of driven-open quantum systems represents a viable possibility to engineer unique, pure states. In this work, we analyze a driven many-body spin system, which undergoes a transition from a dark steady state to a mixed steady state as a function of the driving strength. This transition connects a zero entropy (dark) state with a finite entropy (mixed) state and thus goes beyond the realm of equilibrium statistical mechanics and becomes of genuine nonequilibrium character. We analyze the relevant long wavelength fluctuations driving this transition in a regime where the system performs a discontinuous jump from a dark to a mixed state by means of the renormalization group. This allows us to approach the nonequilibrium dark state transition and identify similarities and clear differences to common, equilibrium phase transitions, and to establish the phenomenology for a first order dark state phase transition.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.quant-gas quant-ph
dark states are stationary states of a dissipative lindbladtype time evolution with zero von neumann entropy therefore representing examples of pure steady quantum states nonequilibrium dynamics featuring a dark state recently gained a lot of attraction since their implementation in the context of drivenopen quantum systems represents a viable possibility to engineer unique pure states in this work we analyze a driven manybody spin system which undergoes a transition from a dark steady state to a mixed steady state as a function of the driving strength this transition connects a zero entropy dark state with a finite entropy mixed state and thus goes beyond the realm of equilibrium statistical mechanics and becomes of genuine nonequilibrium character we analyze the relevant long wavelength fluctuations driving this transition in a regime where the system performs a discontinuous jump from a dark to a mixed state by means of the renormalization group this allows us to approach the nonequilibrium dark state transition and identify similarities and clear differences to common equilibrium phase transitions and to establish the phenomenology for a first order dark state phase transition
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1,803.08515
SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Spatially Resolved Stellar Initial Mass Function in $\sim$400 Early-Type Galaxies
MaNGA provides the opportunity to make precise spatially resolved measurements of the IMF slope in galaxies owing to its unique combination of spatial resolution, wavelength coverage and sample size. We derive radial gradients in age, element abundances and IMF slope analysing optical and near-infrared absorption features from stacked spectra out to the half-light radius of 366 early-type galaxies with masses $9.9 - 10.8\;\log M/M_{\odot}$. We find flat gradients in age and [$\alpha$/Fe] ratio, as well as negative gradients in metallicity, consistent with the literature. We further derive significant negative gradients in the [Na/Fe] ratio with galaxy centres being well enhanced in Na abundance by up to 0.5 dex. Finally, we find a gradient in IMF slope with a bottom-heavy IMF in the centre (typical mass excess factor of 1.5) and a Milky Way-type IMF at the half-light radius. This pattern is mass-dependent with the lowest mass galaxies in our sample featuring only a shallow gradient around a Milky Way IMF. Our results imply the local IMF-$\sigma$ relation within galaxies to be even steeper than the global relation and hint towards the local metallicity being the dominating factor behind the IMF variations. We also employ different stellar population models in our analysis and show that a radial IMF gradient is found independently of the stellar population model used. A similar analysis of the Wing-Ford band provides inconsistent results and further evidence of the difficulty in measuring and modelling this particular feature.
astro-ph.GA astro-ph.CO
manga provides the opportunity to make precise spatially resolved measurements of the imf slope in galaxies owing to its unique combination of spatial resolution wavelength coverage and sample size we derive radial gradients in age element abundances and imf slope analysing optical and nearinfrared absorption features from stacked spectra out to the halflight radius of 366 earlytype galaxies with masses 99 108log mm_odot we find flat gradients in age and alphafe ratio as well as negative gradients in metallicity consistent with the literature we further derive significant negative gradients in the nafe ratio with galaxy centres being well enhanced in na abundance by up to 05 dex finally we find a gradient in imf slope with a bottomheavy imf in the centre typical mass excess factor of 15 and a milky waytype imf at the halflight radius this pattern is massdependent with the lowest mass galaxies in our sample featuring only a shallow gradient around a milky way imf our results imply the local imfsigma relation within galaxies to be even steeper than the global relation and hint towards the local metallicity being the dominating factor behind the imf variations we also employ different stellar population models in our analysis and show that a radial imf gradient is found independently of the stellar population model used a similar analysis of the wingford band provides inconsistent results and further evidence of the difficulty in measuring and modelling this particular feature
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1,803.08516
Carrier dynamics in doped bilayer iridates near magnetic quantum criticality
Motivated by experiments on the carrier-doped bilayer iridate $(\text{Sr}_{1-x}\text{La}_x)_3\text{Ir}_2\text{O}_7$, we study the dynamics of a single doped electron in a bilayer magnet in the presence of spin-orbit coupling, taking into account the spatially staggered rotation of IrO$_6$ octahedra. We employ an effective single-orbital bilayer $t$-$J$ model, concentrating on the quantum paramagnetic phase near the magnetic quantum critical point. We determine the carrier dispersion using a combination of self-consistent Born and bond-operator techniques. Extrapolating to finite small carrier density we find that, for experimentally relevant parameters, the combination of octahedral rotation and spin-orbit coupling induces a band folding which results in a Fermi surface of small double electron pockets, in striking agreement with experimental observations. We also determine the influence of spin-orbit coupling on the location of the quantum critical point in the undoped case, and discuss aspects of the global phase diagram of doped bilayer Mott insulators.
cond-mat.str-el
motivated by experiments on the carrierdoped bilayer iridate textsr_1xtextla_x_3textir_2texto_7 we study the dynamics of a single doped electron in a bilayer magnet in the presence of spinorbit coupling taking into account the spatially staggered rotation of iro_6 octahedra we employ an effective singleorbital bilayer tj model concentrating on the quantum paramagnetic phase near the magnetic quantum critical point we determine the carrier dispersion using a combination of selfconsistent born and bondoperator techniques extrapolating to finite small carrier density we find that for experimentally relevant parameters the combination of octahedral rotation and spinorbit coupling induces a band folding which results in a fermi surface of small double electron pockets in striking agreement with experimental observations we also determine the influence of spinorbit coupling on the location of the quantum critical point in the undoped case and discuss aspects of the global phase diagram of doped bilayer mott insulators
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1,803.08517
Chiral and $U(1)_A$ restoration for the scalar/pseudoscalar meson nonets
We analyze the restoration pattern of the members of the scalar and pseudoscalar meson nonets under chiral $O(4)$ and $U(1)_A$ symmetries. For that purpose, we exploit QCD Ward Identities (WI), which allow one to relate susceptibilities with quark condensates, as well as susceptibility differences with meson vertices. In addition, we consider the low-energy realization of QCD provided by $U(3)$ Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) at finite temperature to perform a full analysis of the different correlators involved. Our analysis suggests $U(1)_A$ partner restoration if chiral symmetry partners are also degenerated. This is also confirmed by the ChPT analysis when the light chiral limit is reached. Partner degeneration for the $I=1/2$ sector, the behavior of $I=0$ mixing and the temperature scaling of meson masses predicted by WI are also studied. Special attention is paid to the connection of our results with recent lattice analyses.
hep-ph hep-lat nucl-th
we analyze the restoration pattern of the members of the scalar and pseudoscalar meson nonets under chiral o4 and u1_a symmetries for that purpose we exploit qcd ward identities wi which allow one to relate susceptibilities with quark condensates as well as susceptibility differences with meson vertices in addition we consider the lowenergy realization of qcd provided by u3 chiral perturbation theory chpt at finite temperature to perform a full analysis of the different correlators involved our analysis suggests u1_a partner restoration if chiral symmetry partners are also degenerated this is also confirmed by the chpt analysis when the light chiral limit is reached partner degeneration for the i12 sector the behavior of i0 mixing and the temperature scaling of meson masses predicted by wi are also studied special attention is paid to the connection of our results with recent lattice analyses
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1,803.08518
On Cayley graphs of algebraic structures
We present simple graph-theoretic characterizations of Cayley graphs for left-cancellative monoids, groups, left-quasigroups and quasigroups. We show that these characterizations are effective for the end-regular graphs of finite degree.
cs.DM math.CO
we present simple graphtheoretic characterizations of cayley graphs for leftcancellative monoids groups leftquasigroups and quasigroups we show that these characterizations are effective for the endregular graphs of finite degree
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1,803.08519
Stability of Periodically Driven Topological Phases against Disorder
In recent experiments, time-dependent periodic fields are used to create exotic topological phases of matter with potential applications ranging from quantum transport to quantum computing. These nonequilibrium states, at high driving frequencies, exhibit the quintessential robustness against local disorder similar to equilibrium topological phases. However, proving the existence of such topological phases in a general setting is an open problem. We propose a universal effective theory that leverages on modern free probability theory and ideas in random matrices to analytically predict the existence of the topological phase for finite driving frequencies and across a range of disorder. We find that, depending on the strength of disorder, such systems may be topological or trivial and that there is a transition between the two. In particular, the theory predicts the critical point for the transition between the two phases and provides the critical exponents. We corroborate our results by comparing them to exact diagonalizations for driven-disordered 1D Kitaev chain and 2D Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang models and find excellent agreement. This Letter may guide the experimental efforts for exploring topological phases.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.dis-nn math-ph math.MP quant-ph
in recent experiments timedependent periodic fields are used to create exotic topological phases of matter with potential applications ranging from quantum transport to quantum computing these nonequilibrium states at high driving frequencies exhibit the quintessential robustness against local disorder similar to equilibrium topological phases however proving the existence of such topological phases in a general setting is an open problem we propose a universal effective theory that leverages on modern free probability theory and ideas in random matrices to analytically predict the existence of the topological phase for finite driving frequencies and across a range of disorder we find that depending on the strength of disorder such systems may be topological or trivial and that there is a transition between the two in particular the theory predicts the critical point for the transition between the two phases and provides the critical exponents we corroborate our results by comparing them to exact diagonalizations for drivendisordered 1d kitaev chain and 2d bernevighugheszhang models and find excellent agreement this letter may guide the experimental efforts for exploring topological phases
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1,803.0852
A Generalization of von Staudt's Theorem on Cross-Ratios
A generalization of von Staudt's theorem that every permutation of the projective line that preserves harmonic quadruples is a projective semilinear map is given. It is then concluded that any proper supergroup of permutations of the projective semilinear group over an algebraically closed field of transcendence degree at least 1 is 4-transitive.
math.AG math.GR math.LO
a generalization of von staudts theorem that every permutation of the projective line that preserves harmonic quadruples is a projective semilinear map is given it is then concluded that any proper supergroup of permutations of the projective semilinear group over an algebraically closed field of transcendence degree at least 1 is 4transitive
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1,803.08521
Flavour Conservation in Two Higgs Doublet Models
In extensions of the Standard Model with two Higgs doublets, flavour changing Yukawa couplings of the neutral scalars may be present at tree level. In this work we consider the most general scenario in which those flavour changing couplings are absent. We re-analyse the conditions that the Yukawa coupling matrices must obey for such \emph{general flavour conservation} (gFC), and study the one loop renormalisation group evolution of such conditions in both the quark and lepton sectors. We show that gFC in the leptonic sector is one loop stable under the Renormalization Group Evolution (RGE) and in the quark sector we present some new Cabibbo like solution also one loop RGE stable. At a phenomenological level, we obtain the regions for the different gFC parameters that are allowed by the existing experimental constraints related to the 125 GeV Higgs.
hep-ph hep-ex
in extensions of the standard model with two higgs doublets flavour changing yukawa couplings of the neutral scalars may be present at tree level in this work we consider the most general scenario in which those flavour changing couplings are absent we reanalyse the conditions that the yukawa coupling matrices must obey for such emphgeneral flavour conservation gfc and study the one loop renormalisation group evolution of such conditions in both the quark and lepton sectors we show that gfc in the leptonic sector is one loop stable under the renormalization group evolution rge and in the quark sector we present some new cabibbo like solution also one loop rge stable at a phenomenological level we obtain the regions for the different gfc parameters that are allowed by the existing experimental constraints related to the 125 gev higgs
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1,803.08522
Frequency violations from random disturbances: an MCMC approach
The frequency stability of power systems is increasingly challenged by various types of disturbances. In particular, the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources is increasing the variability of power generation and at the same time reducing system inertia against disturbances. In this paper we are particularly interested in understanding how rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) violations could arise from unusually large power disturbances. We devise a novel specialization, named ghost sampling, of the Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo method that is tailored to efficiently sample rare power disturbances leading to nodal frequency violations. Generating a representative random sample addresses important statistical questions such as "which generator is most likely to be disconnected due to a RoCoF violation?" or "what is the probability of having simultaneous RoCoF violations, given that a violation occurs?" Our method can perform conditional sampling from any joint distribution of power disturbances including, for instance, correlated and non-Gaussian disturbances, features which have both been recently shown to be significant in security analyses.
cs.SY stat.CO
the frequency stability of power systems is increasingly challenged by various types of disturbances in particular the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources is increasing the variability of power generation and at the same time reducing system inertia against disturbances in this paper we are particularly interested in understanding how rate of change of frequency rocof violations could arise from unusually large power disturbances we devise a novel specialization named ghost sampling of the metropolishastings markov chain monte carlo method that is tailored to efficiently sample rare power disturbances leading to nodal frequency violations generating a representative random sample addresses important statistical questions such as which generator is most likely to be disconnected due to a rocof violation or what is the probability of having simultaneous rocof violations given that a violation occurs our method can perform conditional sampling from any joint distribution of power disturbances including for instance correlated and nongaussian disturbances features which have both been recently shown to be significant in security analyses
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1,803.08523
Imaging the Wigner Crystal of Electrons in One Dimension
The quantum crystal of electrons, predicted more than eighty years ago by Eugene Wigner, is still one of the most elusive states of matter. Here, we present experiments that observe the one-dimensional Wigner crystal directly, by imaging its charge density in real-space. To measure this fragile state without perturbing it, we developed a new scanning probe platform that utilizes a pristine carbon nanotube as a scanning charge perturbation to image, with minimal invasiveness, the many-body electronic density within another nanotube. The obtained images, of few electrons confined in one-dimension, match those of strongly interacting crystals, with electrons ordered like pearls on a necklace. Comparison to theoretical modeling demonstrates the dominance of Coulomb interactions over kinetic energy and the weakness of exchange interactions. Our experiments provide direct evidence for this long-sought electronic state, and open the way for studying other fragile interacting states by imaging their many-body density in real-space.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the quantum crystal of electrons predicted more than eighty years ago by eugene wigner is still one of the most elusive states of matter here we present experiments that observe the onedimensional wigner crystal directly by imaging its charge density in realspace to measure this fragile state without perturbing it we developed a new scanning probe platform that utilizes a pristine carbon nanotube as a scanning charge perturbation to image with minimal invasiveness the manybody electronic density within another nanotube the obtained images of few electrons confined in onedimension match those of strongly interacting crystals with electrons ordered like pearls on a necklace comparison to theoretical modeling demonstrates the dominance of coulomb interactions over kinetic energy and the weakness of exchange interactions our experiments provide direct evidence for this longsought electronic state and open the way for studying other fragile interacting states by imaging their manybody density in realspace
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1,803.08524
Cyclic covers and Ihara's Question
Let $\ell$ be a rational prime and $k$ a number field. Given a superelliptic curve $C/k$ of $\ell$-power degree, we describe the field generated by the $\ell$-power torsion of the Jacobian variety in terms of the branch set and reduction type of $C$ (and hence, in terms of data determined by a suitable affine model of $C$). If the Jacobian is good away from $\ell$ and the branch set is defined over a pro-$\ell$ extension of $k(\mu_{\ell^\infty})$ unramified away from $\ell$, then the $\ell$-power torsion of the Jacobian is rational over the maximal such extension. By decomposing the covering into a chain of successive cyclic $\ell$-coverings, the mod $\ell$ Galois representation attached to the Jacobian is decomposed into a block triangular form. The blocks on the diagonal of this form are further decomposed in terms of the Tate twists of certain subgroups $W_s$ of the quotients of the Jacobians of successive coverings. The result is a natural extension of earlier work by Anderson and Ihara, who demonstrated that a stricter condition on the branch locus guarantees the $\ell$-power torsion of the Jacobian is rational over the fixed field of the kernel of the canonical pro-$\ell$ outer Galois representation attached to an open subset of $\mathbf{P}^1$.
math.AG math.NT
let ell be a rational prime and k a number field given a superelliptic curve ck of ellpower degree we describe the field generated by the ellpower torsion of the jacobian variety in terms of the branch set and reduction type of c and hence in terms of data determined by a suitable affine model of c if the jacobian is good away from ell and the branch set is defined over a proell extension of kmu_ellinfty unramified away from ell then the ellpower torsion of the jacobian is rational over the maximal such extension by decomposing the covering into a chain of successive cyclic ellcoverings the mod ell galois representation attached to the jacobian is decomposed into a block triangular form the blocks on the diagonal of this form are further decomposed in terms of the tate twists of certain subgroups w_s of the quotients of the jacobians of successive coverings the result is a natural extension of earlier work by anderson and ihara who demonstrated that a stricter condition on the branch locus guarantees the ellpower torsion of the jacobian is rational over the fixed field of the kernel of the canonical proell outer galois representation attached to an open subset of mathbfp1
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1,803.08525
Multi-wavelength campaign on NGC 7469: III. Spectral energy distribution and the AGN wind photoionisation modelling, plus detection of diffuse X-rays from the starburst with Chandra HETGS
We investigate the physical structure of the AGN wind in the Seyfert-1 galaxy NGC 7469 through high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with Chandra HETGS and photoionisation modelling. Contemporaneous data from Chandra, HST, and Swift are used to model the optical-UV-X-ray continuum and determine the spectral energy distribution (SED) at two epochs, 13 years apart. For our investigation we use new observations taken in December 2015-January 2016, and historical ones taken in December 2002. We study the impact of a change in the SED shape, seen between the two epochs, on the photoionisation of the wind. The HETGS spectroscopy shows that the AGN wind in NGC 7469 consists of four ionisation components, with their outflow velocities ranging from -400 to -1800 km/s. From our modelling we find that the change in the ionising continuum shape between the two epochs results in some variation in the ionisation state of the wind components. However, for the main ions detected in X-rays, the sum of their column densities over all four components, remains in practice unchanged. For two of the four components, which are found to be thermally unstable in both epochs, we obtain 2 < r < 31 pc and 12 < r < 29 pc using the cooling and recombination timescales. For the other two thermally stable components, we obtain r < 31 pc and r < 80 pc from the recombination timescale. The results of our photoionisation modelling and thermal stability analysis suggest that the absorber components in NGC 7469 are consistent with being a thermally-driven wind from the AGN torus. Finally, from analysis of the zeroth-order ACIS/HETG data, we discover that the X-ray emission between 0.2-1 keV is spatially extended over 1.5-12". This diffuse soft X-ray emission is explained by coronal emission from the nuclear starburst ring in NGC 7469.
astro-ph.HE
we investigate the physical structure of the agn wind in the seyfert1 galaxy ngc 7469 through highresolution xray spectroscopy with chandra hetgs and photoionisation modelling contemporaneous data from chandra hst and swift are used to model the opticaluvxray continuum and determine the spectral energy distribution sed at two epochs 13 years apart for our investigation we use new observations taken in december 2015january 2016 and historical ones taken in december 2002 we study the impact of a change in the sed shape seen between the two epochs on the photoionisation of the wind the hetgs spectroscopy shows that the agn wind in ngc 7469 consists of four ionisation components with their outflow velocities ranging from 400 to 1800 kms from our modelling we find that the change in the ionising continuum shape between the two epochs results in some variation in the ionisation state of the wind components however for the main ions detected in xrays the sum of their column densities over all four components remains in practice unchanged for two of the four components which are found to be thermally unstable in both epochs we obtain 2 r 31 pc and 12 r 29 pc using the cooling and recombination timescales for the other two thermally stable components we obtain r 31 pc and r 80 pc from the recombination timescale the results of our photoionisation modelling and thermal stability analysis suggest that the absorber components in ngc 7469 are consistent with being a thermallydriven wind from the agn torus finally from analysis of the zerothorder acishetg data we discover that the xray emission between 021 kev is spatially extended over 1512 this diffuse soft xray emission is explained by coronal emission from the nuclear starburst ring in ngc 7469
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1,803.08526
Classification of foliations of degree three on $\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}$ with a flat Legendre transform
The set $\mathbf{F}(3)$ of foliations of degree three on the complex projective plane can be identified with a Zariski's open set of a projective space of dimension $23$ on which acts $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}})$. The subset $\mathbf{FP}(3)$ of $\mathbf{F}(3)$ consisting of foliations of $\mathbf{F}(3)$ with a flat Legendre transform (dual web) is a Zariski closed subset of $\mathbf{F}(3)$. We classify up to automorphism of $\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}$ the elements of $\mathbf{FP}(3)$. More precisely, we show that up to automorphism there are $16$ foliations of degree three with a flat Legendre transform. From this classification we deduce that $\mathbf{FP}(3)$ has exactly $12$ irreducible components. We also deduce that up to automorphism there are $4$ convex foliations of degree three on $\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}.$
math.DS math.CV
the set mathbff3 of foliations of degree three on the complex projective plane can be identified with a zariskis open set of a projective space of dimension 23 on which acts mathrmautmathbbp2_mathbbc the subset mathbffp3 of mathbff3 consisting of foliations of mathbff3 with a flat legendre transform dual web is a zariski closed subset of mathbff3 we classify up to automorphism of mathbbp2_mathbbc the elements of mathbffp3 more precisely we show that up to automorphism there are 16 foliations of degree three with a flat legendre transform from this classification we deduce that mathbffp3 has exactly 12 irreducible components we also deduce that up to automorphism there are 4 convex foliations of degree three on mathbbp2_mathbbc
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1,803.08527
The young star cluster population of M51 with LEGUS - II. Testing environmental dependencies
It has recently been established that the properties of young star clusters (YSCs) can vary as a function of the galactic environment in which they are found. We use the cluster catalogue produced by the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey (LEGUS) collaboration to investigate cluster properties in the spiral galaxy M51. We analyse the cluster population as a function of galactocentric distance and in arm and inter-arm regions. The cluster mass function exhibits a similar shape at all radial bins, described by a power law with a slope close to $-2$ and an exponential truncation around $10^5\ \rm{M}_{\odot}$ . While the mass functions of the YSCs in the spiral arm and inter-arm regions have similar truncation masses, the inter-arm region mass function has a significantly steeper slope than the one in the arm region; a trend that is also observed in the giant molecular cloud mass function and predicted by simulations. The age distribution of clusters is dependent on the region considered, and is consistent with rapid disruption only in dense regions, while little disruption is observed at large galactocentric distances and in the inter-arm region. The fraction of stars forming in clusters does not show radial variations, despite the drop in the $H_2$ surface density measured as function of galactocentric distance. We suggest that the higher disruption rate observed in the inner part of the galaxy is likely at the origin of the observed flat cluster formation efficiency radial profile.
astro-ph.GA
it has recently been established that the properties of young star clusters yscs can vary as a function of the galactic environment in which they are found we use the cluster catalogue produced by the legacy extragalactic uv survey legus collaboration to investigate cluster properties in the spiral galaxy m51 we analyse the cluster population as a function of galactocentric distance and in arm and interarm regions the cluster mass function exhibits a similar shape at all radial bins described by a power law with a slope close to 2 and an exponential truncation around 105 rmm_odot while the mass functions of the yscs in the spiral arm and interarm regions have similar truncation masses the interarm region mass function has a significantly steeper slope than the one in the arm region a trend that is also observed in the giant molecular cloud mass function and predicted by simulations the age distribution of clusters is dependent on the region considered and is consistent with rapid disruption only in dense regions while little disruption is observed at large galactocentric distances and in the interarm region the fraction of stars forming in clusters does not show radial variations despite the drop in the h_2 surface density measured as function of galactocentric distance we suggest that the higher disruption rate observed in the inner part of the galaxy is likely at the origin of the observed flat cluster formation efficiency radial profile
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1,803.08528
Bound-state dark matter and Dirac neutrino mass
We propose a simple theory for the idea that cosmological dark matter (DM) may be present today mainly in the form of stable neutral hadronic thermal relics. In our model neutrino masses arise radiatively from the exchange of colored DM constituents, giving a common origin for both dark matter and neutrino mass. The exact conservation of $B-L$ symmetry ensures dark matter stability and the Dirac nature of neutrinos. The theory can be falsified by dark matter nuclear recoil direct detection experiments, leading also to possible signals at a next generation hadron collider.
hep-ph
we propose a simple theory for the idea that cosmological dark matter dm may be present today mainly in the form of stable neutral hadronic thermal relics in our model neutrino masses arise radiatively from the exchange of colored dm constituents giving a common origin for both dark matter and neutrino mass the exact conservation of bl symmetry ensures dark matter stability and the dirac nature of neutrinos the theory can be falsified by dark matter nuclear recoil direct detection experiments leading also to possible signals at a next generation hadron collider
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1,803.08529
The renormalization group in quantum quenched disorder
We study the renormalization group flow in general quantum field theories with quenched disorder, focusing on random quantum critical points. We show that in disorder-averaged correlation functions the flow mixes local and non-local operators. This leads to a new crossover exponent related to the disorder (as in classical disorder). We show that the time coordinate is rescaled at each RG step, leading to Lifshitz scaling at critical points. We write a universal formula for the dynamical scaling exponent z for weak disorder.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th
we study the renormalization group flow in general quantum field theories with quenched disorder focusing on random quantum critical points we show that in disorderaveraged correlation functions the flow mixes local and nonlocal operators this leads to a new crossover exponent related to the disorder as in classical disorder we show that the time coordinate is rescaled at each rg step leading to lifshitz scaling at critical points we write a universal formula for the dynamical scaling exponent z for weak disorder
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1,803.0853
A Coloring Book Approach to Finding Coordination Sequences
An elementary method is described for finding the coordination sequences for a tiling, based on coloring the underlying graph. We illustrate the method by first applying it to the two kinds of vertices (tetravalent and trivalent) in the Cairo (or dual-3^2.4.3.4) tiling. The coordination sequence for a tetravalent vertex turns out, surprisingly, to be 1, 4, 8 ,12, 16, ..., the same as for a vertex in the familiar square (or 4^4) tiling. We thought that such a simple fact should have a simple proof, and this article is the result. We also apply the method to obtain coordination sequences for the 3^2.4.3.4, 3.4.6.4, 4.8^2, 3.12^2, and 3^4.6 uniform tilings, as well as the snub-632 and bew tilings. In several cases the results provide proofs for previously conjectured formulas.
math.CO
an elementary method is described for finding the coordination sequences for a tiling based on coloring the underlying graph we illustrate the method by first applying it to the two kinds of vertices tetravalent and trivalent in the cairo or dual32434 tiling the coordination sequence for a tetravalent vertex turns out surprisingly to be 1 4 8 12 16 the same as for a vertex in the familiar square or 44 tiling we thought that such a simple fact should have a simple proof and this article is the result we also apply the method to obtain coordination sequences for the 32434 3464 482 3122 and 346 uniform tilings as well as the snub632 and bew tilings in several cases the results provide proofs for previously conjectured formulas
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1,803.08531
Exercise: Dark Matter as fields that evolve backward in time
We do the exercise of thinking the qualitative features of a new model in which the problems of Dark Matter (DM) and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) homogeneity are apparently simultaneously solved. We consider that DM consists of fields that evolve backward in time and have a positive defined energy to provide the correct observed curvature of space. We postulate that these fields do not interact with SM fields other than by sharing the same metric, therefore physics in small curvature regimes is causal, without contradictions with available experiments. In strongly curved space causality is lost and solutions must fulfill given equations. The homogeneity problem is naturally solved by these DM fields since, evolving from our future to our past, they bring patches that are currently thought to be causally disconnected into thermal equilibrium for $t\gtrsim 0$ by the Big Bang time. This thermal equilibrium of DM fields in a strongly curved regime must be shared by the metric and our fields, therefore we see these patches with the same CMB temperature. Although we find unlikely that Nature is described by this theory, we find interesting to conclude that there are not obvious logical nor observational inconsistencies and we explore its features. Hopefully some thoughts and results in this work may be useful for other ideas.
gr-qc hep-ph quant-ph
we do the exercise of thinking the qualitative features of a new model in which the problems of dark matter dm and the cosmic microwave background cmb homogeneity are apparently simultaneously solved we consider that dm consists of fields that evolve backward in time and have a positive defined energy to provide the correct observed curvature of space we postulate that these fields do not interact with sm fields other than by sharing the same metric therefore physics in small curvature regimes is causal without contradictions with available experiments in strongly curved space causality is lost and solutions must fulfill given equations the homogeneity problem is naturally solved by these dm fields since evolving from our future to our past they bring patches that are currently thought to be causally disconnected into thermal equilibrium for tgtrsim 0 by the big bang time this thermal equilibrium of dm fields in a strongly curved regime must be shared by the metric and our fields therefore we see these patches with the same cmb temperature although we find unlikely that nature is described by this theory we find interesting to conclude that there are not obvious logical nor observational inconsistencies and we explore its features hopefully some thoughts and results in this work may be useful for other ideas
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1,803.08532
Solution of the Dirichlet problem by a finite difference analog of the boundary integral equation
Several important problems in partial differential equations can be formulated as integral equations. Often the integral operator defines the solution of an elliptic problem with specified jump conditions at an interface. In principle the integral equation can be solved by replacing the integral operator with a finite difference calculation on a regular grid. A practical method of this type has been developed by the second author. In this paper we prove the validity of a simplified version of this method for the Dirichlet problem in a general domain in $R^2$ or $R^3$. Given a boundary value, we solve for a discrete version of the density of the double layer potential using a low order interface method. It produces the Shortley-Weller solution for the unknown harmonic function with accuracy $O(h^2)$. We prove the unique solvability for the density, with bounds in norms based on the energy or Dirichlet norm, using techniques which mimic those of exact potentials. The analysis reveals that this crude method maintains much of the mathematical structure of the classical integral equation. Examples are included.
math.NA
several important problems in partial differential equations can be formulated as integral equations often the integral operator defines the solution of an elliptic problem with specified jump conditions at an interface in principle the integral equation can be solved by replacing the integral operator with a finite difference calculation on a regular grid a practical method of this type has been developed by the second author in this paper we prove the validity of a simplified version of this method for the dirichlet problem in a general domain in r2 or r3 given a boundary value we solve for a discrete version of the density of the double layer potential using a low order interface method it produces the shortleyweller solution for the unknown harmonic function with accuracy oh2 we prove the unique solvability for the density with bounds in norms based on the energy or dirichlet norm using techniques which mimic those of exact potentials the analysis reveals that this crude method maintains much of the mathematical structure of the classical integral equation examples are included
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1,803.08533
Understanding Measures of Uncertainty for Adversarial Example Detection
Measuring uncertainty is a promising technique for detecting adversarial examples, crafted inputs on which the model predicts an incorrect class with high confidence. But many measures of uncertainty exist, including predictive en- tropy and mutual information, each capturing different types of uncertainty. We study these measures, and shed light on why mutual information seems to be effective at the task of adversarial example detection. We highlight failure modes for MC dropout, a widely used approach for estimating uncertainty in deep models. This leads to an improved understanding of the drawbacks of current methods, and a proposal to improve the quality of uncertainty estimates using probabilistic model ensembles. We give illustrative experiments using MNIST to demonstrate the intuition underlying the different measures of uncertainty, as well as experiments on a real world Kaggle dogs vs cats classification dataset.
stat.ML cs.LG
measuring uncertainty is a promising technique for detecting adversarial examples crafted inputs on which the model predicts an incorrect class with high confidence but many measures of uncertainty exist including predictive en tropy and mutual information each capturing different types of uncertainty we study these measures and shed light on why mutual information seems to be effective at the task of adversarial example detection we highlight failure modes for mc dropout a widely used approach for estimating uncertainty in deep models this leads to an improved understanding of the drawbacks of current methods and a proposal to improve the quality of uncertainty estimates using probabilistic model ensembles we give illustrative experiments using mnist to demonstrate the intuition underlying the different measures of uncertainty as well as experiments on a real world kaggle dogs vs cats classification dataset
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1,803.08534
The renormalization group flow in field theories with quenched disorder
In this paper we analyze the renormalization group (RG) flow of field theories with quenched disorder, in which the couplings vary randomly in space. We analyze both classical (Euclidean) disorder and quantum disorder, emphasizing general properties rather than specific cases. The RG flow of the disorder-averaged theories takes place in the space of their coupling constants and also in the space of distributions for the disordered couplings, and the two mix together. We write down a generalization of the Callan-Symanzik equation for the flow of disorder-averaged correlation functions. We find that local operators can mix with the response of the theory to local changes in the disorder distribution, and that the generalized Callan-Symanzik equation mixes the disorder averages of several different correlation functions. For classical disorder we show that this can lead to new types of anomalous dimensions and to logarithmic behavior at fixed points. For quantum disorder we find that the RG flow always generates a rescaling of time relative to space, which at a fixed point generically leads to Lifshitz scaling. The dynamical scaling exponent z behaves as an anomalous dimension (as in other non-relativistic RG flows), and we compute it at leading order in perturbation theory in the disorder for a general theory. Our results agree with a previous perturbative computation by Boyanovsky and Cardy, and with a holographic disorder computation of Hartnoll and Santos. We also find in quantum disorder that local operators mix with non-local (in time) operators under the RG, and that there are critical exponents associated with the disorder distribution that have not previously been discussed. In large N theories the disorder averages may be computed exactly, and we verify that they are consistent with the generalized Callan-Symanzik equations.
hep-th cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el
in this paper we analyze the renormalization group rg flow of field theories with quenched disorder in which the couplings vary randomly in space we analyze both classical euclidean disorder and quantum disorder emphasizing general properties rather than specific cases the rg flow of the disorderaveraged theories takes place in the space of their coupling constants and also in the space of distributions for the disordered couplings and the two mix together we write down a generalization of the callansymanzik equation for the flow of disorderaveraged correlation functions we find that local operators can mix with the response of the theory to local changes in the disorder distribution and that the generalized callansymanzik equation mixes the disorder averages of several different correlation functions for classical disorder we show that this can lead to new types of anomalous dimensions and to logarithmic behavior at fixed points for quantum disorder we find that the rg flow always generates a rescaling of time relative to space which at a fixed point generically leads to lifshitz scaling the dynamical scaling exponent z behaves as an anomalous dimension as in other nonrelativistic rg flows and we compute it at leading order in perturbation theory in the disorder for a general theory our results agree with a previous perturbative computation by boyanovsky and cardy and with a holographic disorder computation of hartnoll and santos we also find in quantum disorder that local operators mix with nonlocal in time operators under the rg and that there are critical exponents associated with the disorder distribution that have not previously been discussed in large n theories the disorder averages may be computed exactly and we verify that they are consistent with the generalized callansymanzik equations
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1,803.08535
Preliminary experiments demonstrating a "directed" Maxwell's granular demon
In this paper, we design a system of two symmetrical containers communicated by an aperture, in which a granular gas of glass spheres is created by shaking laterally the whole system in a planetary mill. If the aperture consists in a symmetrical hole, the two halves end up with the same number of grains after some time when initially all particles are into in one of the containers. However, when a funnel-like aperture is used, a robust symmetry breaking is induced: if all the grains are originally deposited in the container facing the wide side 95% of the grains pass to the opposite side in a relatively small time.
cond-mat.soft
in this paper we design a system of two symmetrical containers communicated by an aperture in which a granular gas of glass spheres is created by shaking laterally the whole system in a planetary mill if the aperture consists in a symmetrical hole the two halves end up with the same number of grains after some time when initially all particles are into in one of the containers however when a funnellike aperture is used a robust symmetry breaking is induced if all the grains are originally deposited in the container facing the wide side 95 of the grains pass to the opposite side in a relatively small time
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1,803.08536
Electrically Tunable Polarizer Based on Graphene-loaded Plasmonic Cross Antenna
The unique gate-voltage dependent optical properties of graphene make it a promising electrically-tunable plasmonic material. In this work, we proposed in-situ control of the polarization of nanoantennas by combining plasmonic structures with an electrostatically tunable graphene monolayer. The tunable polarizer is designed based on an asymmetric cross nanoantenna comprising two orthogonal metallic dipoles sharing the same feed gap. Graphene monolayer is deposited on a Si/SiO2 substrate, and inserted beneath the nanoantenna. Our modelling demonstrates that as the chemical potential is incremented up to 1 eV by electrostatic doping, resonant wavelength for the longer graphene-loaded dipole is blue shifted for 500 nm (~ 10% of the resonance) in the mid-infrared range, whereas the shorter dipole experiences much smaller influences due to the unique wavelength-dependent optical properties of graphene. In this way, the relative field amplitude and phase between the two dipole nanoantennas are electrically adjusted, and the polarization state of the reflected wave can be electrically tuned from the circular into near-linear states with the axial ratio changing over 8 dB. Our study thus confirms the strong light-graphene interaction with metallic nanostructures, and illuminates promises for high-speed electrically controllable optoelectronic devices.
physics.optics cond-mat.mes-hall physics.app-ph
the unique gatevoltage dependent optical properties of graphene make it a promising electricallytunable plasmonic material in this work we proposed insitu control of the polarization of nanoantennas by combining plasmonic structures with an electrostatically tunable graphene monolayer the tunable polarizer is designed based on an asymmetric cross nanoantenna comprising two orthogonal metallic dipoles sharing the same feed gap graphene monolayer is deposited on a sisio2 substrate and inserted beneath the nanoantenna our modelling demonstrates that as the chemical potential is incremented up to 1 ev by electrostatic doping resonant wavelength for the longer grapheneloaded dipole is blue shifted for 500 nm 10 of the resonance in the midinfrared range whereas the shorter dipole experiences much smaller influences due to the unique wavelengthdependent optical properties of graphene in this way the relative field amplitude and phase between the two dipole nanoantennas are electrically adjusted and the polarization state of the reflected wave can be electrically tuned from the circular into nearlinear states with the axial ratio changing over 8 db our study thus confirms the strong lightgraphene interaction with metallic nanostructures and illuminates promises for highspeed electrically controllable optoelectronic devices
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1,803.08537
Stochastically forced cardiac bidomain model
The bidomain system of degenerate reaction-diffusion equations is a well-established spatial model of electrical activity in cardiac tissue, with "reaction" linked to the cellular action potential and "diffusion" representing current flow between cells. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a "stochastically forced" version of the bidomain model that accounts for various random effects. We establish the existence of martingale (probabilistic weak) solutions to the stochastic bidomain model. The result is proved by means of an auxiliary nondegenerate system and the Faedo-Galerkin method. To prove convergence of the approximate solutions, we use the stochastic compactness method and Skorokhod-Jakubowski a.s.~representations. Finally, via a pathwise uniqueness result, we conclude that the martingale solutions are pathwise (i.e., probabilistic strong) solutions.
math.AP
the bidomain system of degenerate reactiondiffusion equations is a wellestablished spatial model of electrical activity in cardiac tissue with reaction linked to the cellular action potential and diffusion representing current flow between cells the purpose of this paper is to introduce a stochastically forced version of the bidomain model that accounts for various random effects we establish the existence of martingale probabilistic weak solutions to the stochastic bidomain model the result is proved by means of an auxiliary nondegenerate system and the faedogalerkin method to prove convergence of the approximate solutions we use the stochastic compactness method and skorokhodjakubowski asrepresentations finally via a pathwise uniqueness result we conclude that the martingale solutions are pathwise ie probabilistic strong solutions
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1,803.08538
Strong sequential completeness of the natural domain of a conditional expectation operator in Riesz spaces
Strong convergence and convergence in probability were generalized to the setting of a Riesz space with conditional expectation operator, $T$, in [{{\sc Y. Azouzi, W.-C. Kuo, K. Ramdane, B. A. Watson}, {Convergence in Riesz spaces with conditional expectation operators}, {\em Positivity}, {\bf 19} {(2015), 647-657}}] as $T$-strong convergence and convergence in $T$-conditional probability, respectively. Generalized $L^{p}$ spaces for the cases of $p=1,2,\infty$, were discussed in the setting of Riesz spaces as $\mathcal{L}^{p}(T)$ spaces in [{{\sc C. C. A. Labuschagne, B. A. Watson}, {Discrete stochastic integration in Riesz spaces}, {\em Positivity}, {\bf 14} {(2010), 859-875}}]. An $R(T)$ valued norm, for the cases of $p=1,\infty,$ was introduced on these spaces in [{{\sc W. Kuo, M. Rogans, B.A. Watson}, {Mixing processes in Riesz spaces}, {\em Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Application}, {\bf 456} {(2017), 992-1004}}] where it was also shown that $R(T)$ is a universally complete $f$-algebra and that these spaces are $R(T)$-modules. In [{{\sc Y. Azouzi, M. Trabelsi}, {$L^p$-spaces with respect to conditional expectation on Riesz spaces}, {\em Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Application}, {\bf 447} {(2017), 798-816}}] functional calculus was used to consider $\mathcal{L}^{p}(T)$ for $p\in (1,\infty)$. In this paper we prove the strong sequential completeness of the space $\mathcal{L}^{1}(T)$, the natural domain of the conditional expectation operator $T$, and the strong completeness of $\mathcal{L}^{\infty}(T)$.
math.FA
strong convergence and convergence in probability were generalized to the setting of a riesz space with conditional expectation operator t in sc y azouzi wc kuo k ramdane b a watson convergence in riesz spaces with conditional expectation operators em positivity bf 19 2015 647657 as tstrong convergence and convergence in tconditional probability respectively generalized lp spaces for the cases of p12infty were discussed in the setting of riesz spaces as mathcallpt spaces in sc c c a labuschagne b a watson discrete stochastic integration in riesz spaces em positivity bf 14 2010 859875 an rt valued norm for the cases of p1infty was introduced on these spaces in sc w kuo m rogans ba watson mixing processes in riesz spaces em journal of mathematical analysis and application bf 456 2017 9921004 where it was also shown that rt is a universally complete falgebra and that these spaces are rtmodules in sc y azouzi m trabelsi lpspaces with respect to conditional expectation on riesz spaces em journal of mathematical analysis and application bf 447 2017 798816 functional calculus was used to consider mathcallpt for pin 1infty in this paper we prove the strong sequential completeness of the space mathcall1t the natural domain of the conditional expectation operator t and the strong completeness of mathcallinftyt
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1,803.08539
Aspects of nucleation on curved and flat surfaces
We investigate the energetics of droplets sourced by the thermal fluctuations in a system undergoing a first-order transition. In particular, we confine our studies to two dimensions with explicit calulations in the plane and on the sphere. Using an isoperimetric inequality from the differential geometry literature and a theorem on the inequality's saturation, we show how geometry informs the critical droplet size and shape. This inequality establishes a "mean field" result for nucleated droplets. We then study the effects of fluctuations on the interfaces of droplets in two dimensions, treating the droplet interface as a fluctuating line. We emphasize that care is needed in deriving the line curvature energy from the Landau-Ginzburg energy functional and in interpreting the scalings of the nucleation rate with the size of the droplet. We end with a comparison of nucleation in the plane and on a sphere.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.soft physics.chem-ph
we investigate the energetics of droplets sourced by the thermal fluctuations in a system undergoing a firstorder transition in particular we confine our studies to two dimensions with explicit calulations in the plane and on the sphere using an isoperimetric inequality from the differential geometry literature and a theorem on the inequalitys saturation we show how geometry informs the critical droplet size and shape this inequality establishes a mean field result for nucleated droplets we then study the effects of fluctuations on the interfaces of droplets in two dimensions treating the droplet interface as a fluctuating line we emphasize that care is needed in deriving the line curvature energy from the landauginzburg energy functional and in interpreting the scalings of the nucleation rate with the size of the droplet we end with a comparison of nucleation in the plane and on a sphere
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1,803.0854
Ambrosetti-Prodi type results for Dirichlet problems of fractional Laplacian-like operators
We establish Ambrosetti--Prodi type results for viscosity and classical solutions of nonlinear Dirichlet problems for the fractional Laplace and comparable operators. In the choice of nonlinearities we consider semi-linear and super-linear growth cases separately. We develop a new technique using a functional integration-based approach, which is more robust in the non-local context than a purely analytic treatment.
math.AP math.PR
we establish ambrosettiprodi type results for viscosity and classical solutions of nonlinear dirichlet problems for the fractional laplace and comparable operators in the choice of nonlinearities we consider semilinear and superlinear growth cases separately we develop a new technique using a functional integrationbased approach which is more robust in the nonlocal context than a purely analytic treatment
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1,803.08541
A spectrum of routing strategies for brain networks
Communication of signals among nodes in a complex network poses fundamental problems of efficiency and cost. Routing of messages along shortest paths requires global information about the topology, while spreading by diffusion, which operates according to local topological features, is informationally "cheap" but inefficient. We introduce a stochastic model for network communication that combines varying amounts of local and global information about the network topology. The model generates a continuous spectrum of dynamics that converge onto shortest-path and random-walk (diffusion) communication processes at the limiting extremes. We implement the model on two cohorts of human connectome networks and investigate the effects of varying amounts of local and global information on the network's communication cost. We identify routing strategies that approach a (highly efficient) shortest-path communication process with a relatively small amount of global information. Moreover, we show that the cost of routing messages from and to hub nodes varies as a function of the amount of global information driving the system's dynamics. Finally, we implement the model to identify individual subject differences from a communication dynamics point of view. The present framework departs from the classical shortest paths vs. diffusion dichotomy, suggesting instead that brain networks may exhibit different types of communication dynamics depending on varying functional demands and the availability of resources.
q-bio.NC
communication of signals among nodes in a complex network poses fundamental problems of efficiency and cost routing of messages along shortest paths requires global information about the topology while spreading by diffusion which operates according to local topological features is informationally cheap but inefficient we introduce a stochastic model for network communication that combines varying amounts of local and global information about the network topology the model generates a continuous spectrum of dynamics that converge onto shortestpath and randomwalk diffusion communication processes at the limiting extremes we implement the model on two cohorts of human connectome networks and investigate the effects of varying amounts of local and global information on the networks communication cost we identify routing strategies that approach a highly efficient shortestpath communication process with a relatively small amount of global information moreover we show that the cost of routing messages from and to hub nodes varies as a function of the amount of global information driving the systems dynamics finally we implement the model to identify individual subject differences from a communication dynamics point of view the present framework departs from the classical shortest paths vs diffusion dichotomy suggesting instead that brain networks may exhibit different types of communication dynamics depending on varying functional demands and the availability of resources
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1,803.08542
Aligning Across Large Gaps in Time
We present a method of temporally-invariant image registration for outdoor scenes, with invariance across time of day, across seasonal variations, and across decade-long periods, for low- and high-texture scenes. Our method can be useful for applications in remote sensing, GPS-denied UAV localization, 3D reconstruction, and many others. Our method leverages a recently proposed approach to image registration, where fully-convolutional neural networks are used to create feature maps which can be registered using the Inverse-Composition Lucas-Kanade algorithm (ICLK). We show that invariance that is learned from satellite imagery can be transferable to time-lapse data captured by webcams mounted on buildings near ground-level.
cs.CV
we present a method of temporallyinvariant image registration for outdoor scenes with invariance across time of day across seasonal variations and across decadelong periods for low and hightexture scenes our method can be useful for applications in remote sensing gpsdenied uav localization 3d reconstruction and many others our method leverages a recently proposed approach to image registration where fullyconvolutional neural networks are used to create feature maps which can be registered using the inversecomposition lucaskanade algorithm iclk we show that invariance that is learned from satellite imagery can be transferable to timelapse data captured by webcams mounted on buildings near groundlevel
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1,803.08543
Quasiperiodic Multicolor Solitons in Quasi-Phase-Matched Quadratic Media
We study the (1+1)-dimensional quasiperiodic multicolor solitons due to cascading quadratic nonlinear response in generalized one-dimensional quasiperiodic optical superlattice waveguides and show that the dynamic equations describing the quasi-phase-matched multicolor solitons include quasiperiodicity-induced Kerr effects, such as self- and cross-phase modulation, third harmonic generation and four-wave mixing. We demonstrate the stability of this multicolor solitons by means of a Lyapunov analysis based on the energy integral of the wave coupling equations and investigate the dynamics of the multicolor solitons using a virial identity, which predicts a stable propagation of the mutually trapped solitons. We finally establish the analytic stability criterion for the multicolor solitons by applying a multiscale asymptotic method.
nlin.PS
we study the 11dimensional quasiperiodic multicolor solitons due to cascading quadratic nonlinear response in generalized onedimensional quasiperiodic optical superlattice waveguides and show that the dynamic equations describing the quasiphasematched multicolor solitons include quasiperiodicityinduced kerr effects such as self and crossphase modulation third harmonic generation and fourwave mixing we demonstrate the stability of this multicolor solitons by means of a lyapunov analysis based on the energy integral of the wave coupling equations and investigate the dynamics of the multicolor solitons using a virial identity which predicts a stable propagation of the mutually trapped solitons we finally establish the analytic stability criterion for the multicolor solitons by applying a multiscale asymptotic method
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1,803.08544
Automated Detection of Acute Leukemia using K-mean Clustering Algorithm
Leukemia is a hematologic cancer which develops in blood tissue and triggers rapid production of immature and abnormal shaped white blood cells. Based on statistics it is found that the leukemia is one of the leading causes of death in men and women alike. Microscopic examination of blood sample or bone marrow smear is the most effective technique for diagnosis of leukemia. Pathologists analyze microscopic samples to make diagnostic assessments on the basis of characteristic cell features. Recently, computerized methods for cancer detection have been explored towards minimizing human intervention and providing accurate clinical information. This paper presents an algorithm for automated image based acute leukemia detection systems. The method implemented uses basic enhancement, morphology, filtering and segmenting technique to extract region of interest using k-means clustering algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieved an accuracy of 92.8% and is tested with Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naive Bayes Classifier on the data-set of 60 samples.
cs.CV
leukemia is a hematologic cancer which develops in blood tissue and triggers rapid production of immature and abnormal shaped white blood cells based on statistics it is found that the leukemia is one of the leading causes of death in men and women alike microscopic examination of blood sample or bone marrow smear is the most effective technique for diagnosis of leukemia pathologists analyze microscopic samples to make diagnostic assessments on the basis of characteristic cell features recently computerized methods for cancer detection have been explored towards minimizing human intervention and providing accurate clinical information this paper presents an algorithm for automated image based acute leukemia detection systems the method implemented uses basic enhancement morphology filtering and segmenting technique to extract region of interest using kmeans clustering algorithm the proposed algorithm achieved an accuracy of 928 and is tested with nearest neighbor knn and naive bayes classifier on the dataset of 60 samples
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1,803.08545
Majorana corner modes in a high-temperature platform
We introduce two-dimensional topological insulators in proximity to high-temperature cuprate or iron-based superconductors as high-temperature platforms of Majorana Kramers pairs of zero modes. The proximity-induced pairing at the helical edge state of the topological insulator serves as a Dirac mass, whose sign changes at the sample corner because of the pairing symmetry of high-$T_c$ superconductors. This sign changing naturally creates at each corner a pair of Majorana zero modes protected by time-reversal symmetry. Conceptually, this is a topologically trivial superconductor-based approach for Majorana zero modes. We provide quantitative criteria and suggest candidate materials for this proposal.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con quant-ph
we introduce twodimensional topological insulators in proximity to hightemperature cuprate or ironbased superconductors as hightemperature platforms of majorana kramers pairs of zero modes the proximityinduced pairing at the helical edge state of the topological insulator serves as a dirac mass whose sign changes at the sample corner because of the pairing symmetry of hight_c superconductors this sign changing naturally creates at each corner a pair of majorana zero modes protected by timereversal symmetry conceptually this is a topologically trivial superconductorbased approach for majorana zero modes we provide quantitative criteria and suggest candidate materials for this proposal
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1,803.08546
The Baryon Asymmetry from a Composite Higgs
We study the nature of the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in models where the Higgs emerges as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of an approximate global symmetry of a new strongly-interacting sector confining around the TeV scale. Our analysis focusses for the first time on the case where the EWPT is accompanied by the confinement phase transition of the strong sector. We describe the confinement in terms of the dilaton, the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken conformal invariance of the strong sector. The dilaton can either be a meson-like or a glueball-like state and we demonstrate a significant qualitative difference in their dynamics. We show that the EWPT can naturally be strongly first-order, due to the nearly-conformal nature of the dilaton potential. Furthermore, we examine the sizeable scale variation of the Higgs potential parameters during the EWPT. In particular, we consider in detail the case of a varying top quark Yukawa coupling, and show that the resulting CP violation is sufficient for successful electroweak baryogenesis. We demonstrate that this source of CP violation is compatible with existing flavour and CP constraints. Our scenario can be tested in complementary ways: by measuring the CP-odd top Yukawa coupling in electron EDM experiments, by searching for dilaton production and deviations in Higgs couplings at colliders, and through gravitational waves at LISA.
hep-ph
we study the nature of the electroweak phase transition ewpt in models where the higgs emerges as a pseudonambugoldstone boson of an approximate global symmetry of a new stronglyinteracting sector confining around the tev scale our analysis focusses for the first time on the case where the ewpt is accompanied by the confinement phase transition of the strong sector we describe the confinement in terms of the dilaton the pseudonambugoldstone boson of spontaneously broken conformal invariance of the strong sector the dilaton can either be a mesonlike or a glueballlike state and we demonstrate a significant qualitative difference in their dynamics we show that the ewpt can naturally be strongly firstorder due to the nearlyconformal nature of the dilaton potential furthermore we examine the sizeable scale variation of the higgs potential parameters during the ewpt in particular we consider in detail the case of a varying top quark yukawa coupling and show that the resulting cp violation is sufficient for successful electroweak baryogenesis we demonstrate that this source of cp violation is compatible with existing flavour and cp constraints our scenario can be tested in complementary ways by measuring the cpodd top yukawa coupling in electron edm experiments by searching for dilaton production and deviations in higgs couplings at colliders and through gravitational waves at lisa
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1,803.08547
The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Compton Thick AGN at high redshift
The existence of a large population of Compton thick (CT, $N_{H}>10^{24} cm^{-2}$) AGN is a key ingredient of most Cosmic X-ray background synthesis models. However, direct identification of these sources, especially at high redshift, is difficult due to the flux suppression and complex spectral shape produced by CT obscuration. We explored the Chandra COSMOS Legacy point source catalog, comprising 1855 sources, to select via X-ray spectroscopy, a large sample of CT candidates at high redshift. Adopting a physical model to reproduce the toroidal absorber, and a Monte-Carlo sampling method, we selected 67 individual sources with >5% probability of being CT, in the redshift range $0.04<z<3.5$. The sum of the probabilities above $N_{H}>10^{24} cm^{-2}$, gives a total of 41.9 effective CT, corrected for classification bias. We derive number counts in the 2-10 keV band in three redshift bins. The observed logN-logS is consistent with an increase of the intrinsic CT fraction ($f_{CT}$) from $\sim0.30$ to $\sim0.55$ from low to high redshift. When rescaled to a common luminosity (log(L$_{\rm X}$/erg/s)$=44.5$) we find an increase from $f_{CT}=0.19_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ to $f_{CT}=0.30_{-0.08}^{+0.10}$ and $f_{CT}=0.49_{-0.11}^{+0.12}$ from low to high z. This evolution can be parametrized as $f_{CT}=0.11_{-0.04}^{+0.05}(1+z)^{1.11\pm0.13}$. Thanks to HST-ACS deep imaging, we find that the fraction of CT AGN in mergers/interacting systems increases with luminosity and redshift and is significantly higher than for non-CT AGN hosts.
astro-ph.GA
the existence of a large population of compton thick ct n_h1024 cm2 agn is a key ingredient of most cosmic xray background synthesis models however direct identification of these sources especially at high redshift is difficult due to the flux suppression and complex spectral shape produced by ct obscuration we explored the chandra cosmos legacy point source catalog comprising 1855 sources to select via xray spectroscopy a large sample of ct candidates at high redshift adopting a physical model to reproduce the toroidal absorber and a montecarlo sampling method we selected 67 individual sources with 5 probability of being ct in the redshift range 004z35 the sum of the probabilities above n_h1024 cm2 gives a total of 419 effective ct corrected for classification bias we derive number counts in the 210 kev band in three redshift bins the observed lognlogs is consistent with an increase of the intrinsic ct fraction f_ct from sim030 to sim055 from low to high redshift when rescaled to a common luminosity logl_rm xergs445 we find an increase from f_ct019_006007 to f_ct030_008010 and f_ct049_011012 from low to high z this evolution can be parametrized as f_ct011_0040051z111pm013 thanks to hstacs deep imaging we find that the fraction of ct agn in mergersinteracting systems increases with luminosity and redshift and is significantly higher than for nonct agn hosts
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1,803.08548
A George Szekeres Formula for Restricted Partitions
We derive an asymptotic formula for $A(n,j,r)$ the number of integer partitions of $n$ into at most $j$ parts each part $\le r$. We assume $j$ and $r$ are near their mean values. We also investigate the second largest part, the number of parts $\ge 2$, etc. We show that the fraction of the partitions of an even integer $n$ that are graphical, ie. whose parts form the degree sequence of a simple graph, is $O(\ln^{-1/2} n)$. Probabilistic results are used in our discussion of graphical partitions. The George Szekeres circle method is essential for our asymptotic results on partitions. We determine the distributions defined by the successive ranks of partitions, generalizing the result of Erdos and Richmond for the rank of a partition.
math.CO
we derive an asymptotic formula for anjr the number of integer partitions of n into at most j parts each part le r we assume j and r are near their mean values we also investigate the second largest part the number of parts ge 2 etc we show that the fraction of the partitions of an even integer n that are graphical ie whose parts form the degree sequence of a simple graph is oln12 n probabilistic results are used in our discussion of graphical partitions the george szekeres circle method is essential for our asymptotic results on partitions we determine the distributions defined by the successive ranks of partitions generalizing the result of erdos and richmond for the rank of a partition
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1,803.08549
Kramers-Kronig relations and causality conditions for graphene in the framework of the Dirac model
We analyze the concept of causality for the conductivity of graphene described by the Dirac model. It is recalled that the condition of causality leads to the analyticity of conductivity in the upper half-plane of complex frequencies and to the standard symmetry properties for its real and imaginary parts. This results in the Kramers-Kronig relations, which explicit form depends on whether the conductivity has no pole at zero frequency (as in the case of zero temperature when the band gap of graphene is larger than twice the chemical potential) or it has a pole (as in all other cases, specifically, at nonzero temperature). Through the direct analytic calculation it is shown that the real and imaginary parts of graphene conductivity, found recently on the basis of first principles of thermal quantum field theory using the polarization tensor in (2+1)-dimensional space-time, satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relations precisely. In so doing, the values of two integrals in the commonly used tables, which are also important for a wider area of dispersion relations in quantum field theory and elementary particle physics, are corrected. The obtained results are not of only fundamental theoretical character, but can be used as a guideline in testing the validity of different phenomenological approaches and for the interpretation of experimental data.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we analyze the concept of causality for the conductivity of graphene described by the dirac model it is recalled that the condition of causality leads to the analyticity of conductivity in the upper halfplane of complex frequencies and to the standard symmetry properties for its real and imaginary parts this results in the kramerskronig relations which explicit form depends on whether the conductivity has no pole at zero frequency as in the case of zero temperature when the band gap of graphene is larger than twice the chemical potential or it has a pole as in all other cases specifically at nonzero temperature through the direct analytic calculation it is shown that the real and imaginary parts of graphene conductivity found recently on the basis of first principles of thermal quantum field theory using the polarization tensor in 21dimensional spacetime satisfy the kramerskronig relations precisely in so doing the values of two integrals in the commonly used tables which are also important for a wider area of dispersion relations in quantum field theory and elementary particle physics are corrected the obtained results are not of only fundamental theoretical character but can be used as a guideline in testing the validity of different phenomenological approaches and for the interpretation of experimental data
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1,803.0855
Shape is Destiny: Configurational Entropy as a Lifetime Predictor and Pattern Discriminator for Oscillons
Oscillons are long-lived, spherically-symmetric, attractor scalar field configurations that emerge as certain field configurations evolve in time. It has been known for many years that there is a direct correlation between the initial configuration's shape and the resulting oscillon lifetime: a shape memory. In this paper we use an information entropic measure known as differential configurational entropy (DCE) to obtain estimates of oscillon lifetimes in scalar field theories with symmetric and asymmetric double-well potentials. The time-dependent DCE is built form the Fourier-transform of the two-point correlation function of the energy density of the scalar field. We obtain a scaling law between oscillon lifetimes and measures obtained form the time varying DCE. We also show that DCE acts as a pattern discriminator, able to distinguish initial configurations that evolve into long-lived oscillons from other non-perturbative short-lived fluctuations.
hep-th
oscillons are longlived sphericallysymmetric attractor scalar field configurations that emerge as certain field configurations evolve in time it has been known for many years that there is a direct correlation between the initial configurations shape and the resulting oscillon lifetime a shape memory in this paper we use an information entropic measure known as differential configurational entropy dce to obtain estimates of oscillon lifetimes in scalar field theories with symmetric and asymmetric doublewell potentials the timedependent dce is built form the fouriertransform of the twopoint correlation function of the energy density of the scalar field we obtain a scaling law between oscillon lifetimes and measures obtained form the time varying dce we also show that dce acts as a pattern discriminator able to distinguish initial configurations that evolve into longlived oscillons from other nonperturbative shortlived fluctuations
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1,803.08551
Failure Localization in Power Systems via Tree Partitions
Cascading failures in power systems propagate non-locally, making the control and mitigation of outages extremely hard. In this work, we use the emerging concept of the tree partition of transmission networks to provide an analytical characterization of line failure localizability in transmission systems. Our results rigorously establish the well perceived intuition in power community that failures cannot cross bridges, and reveal a finer-grained concept that encodes more precise information on failure propagations within tree-partition regions. Specifically, when a non-bridge line is tripped, the impact of this failure only propagates within well-defined components, which we refer to as cells, of the tree partition defined by the bridges. In contrast, when a bridge line is tripped, the impact of this failure propagates globally across the network, affecting the power flow on all remaining transmission lines. This characterization suggests that it is possible to improve the system robustness by temporarily switching off certain transmission lines, so as to create more, smaller components in the tree partition; thus spatially localizing line failures and making the grid less vulnerable to large-scale outages. We illustrate this approach using the IEEE 118-bus test system and demonstrate that switching off a negligible portion of transmission lines allows the impact of line failures to be significantly more localized without substantial changes in line congestion.
cs.SY
cascading failures in power systems propagate nonlocally making the control and mitigation of outages extremely hard in this work we use the emerging concept of the tree partition of transmission networks to provide an analytical characterization of line failure localizability in transmission systems our results rigorously establish the well perceived intuition in power community that failures cannot cross bridges and reveal a finergrained concept that encodes more precise information on failure propagations within treepartition regions specifically when a nonbridge line is tripped the impact of this failure only propagates within welldefined components which we refer to as cells of the tree partition defined by the bridges in contrast when a bridge line is tripped the impact of this failure propagates globally across the network affecting the power flow on all remaining transmission lines this characterization suggests that it is possible to improve the system robustness by temporarily switching off certain transmission lines so as to create more smaller components in the tree partition thus spatially localizing line failures and making the grid less vulnerable to largescale outages we illustrate this approach using the ieee 118bus test system and demonstrate that switching off a negligible portion of transmission lines allows the impact of line failures to be significantly more localized without substantial changes in line congestion
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1,803.08552
Linear model predictive safety certification for learning-based control
While it has been repeatedly shown that learning-based controllers can provide superior performance, they often lack of safety guarantees. This paper aims at addressing this problem by introducing a model predictive safety certification (MPSC) scheme for polytopic linear systems with additive disturbances. The scheme verifies safety of a proposed learning-based input and modifies it as little as necessary in order to keep the system within a given set of constraints. Safety is thereby related to the existence of a model predictive controller (MPC) providing a feasible trajectory towards a safe target set. A robust MPC formulation accounts for the fact that the model is generally uncertain in the context of learning, which allows proving constraint satisfaction at all times under the proposed MPSC strategy. The MPSC scheme can be used in order to expand any potentially conservative set of safe states for learning and we prove an iterative technique for enlarging the safe set. Finally, a practical data-based design procedure for MPSC is proposed using scenario optimization.
cs.SY cs.LG
while it has been repeatedly shown that learningbased controllers can provide superior performance they often lack of safety guarantees this paper aims at addressing this problem by introducing a model predictive safety certification mpsc scheme for polytopic linear systems with additive disturbances the scheme verifies safety of a proposed learningbased input and modifies it as little as necessary in order to keep the system within a given set of constraints safety is thereby related to the existence of a model predictive controller mpc providing a feasible trajectory towards a safe target set a robust mpc formulation accounts for the fact that the model is generally uncertain in the context of learning which allows proving constraint satisfaction at all times under the proposed mpsc strategy the mpsc scheme can be used in order to expand any potentially conservative set of safe states for learning and we prove an iterative technique for enlarging the safe set finally a practical databased design procedure for mpsc is proposed using scenario optimization
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1,803.08553
Statistical test for fractional Brownian motion based on detrending moving average algorithm
Motivated by contemporary and rich applications of anomalous diffusion processes we propose a new statistical test for fractional Brownian motion, which is one of the most popular models for anomalous diffusion systems. The test is based on detrending moving average statistic and its probability distribution. Using the theory of Gaussian quadratic forms we determined it as a generalized chi-squared distribution. The proposed test could be generalized for statistical testing of any centered non-degenerate Gaussian process. Finally, we examine the test via Monte Carlo simulations for two exemplary scenarios of subdiffusive and superdiffusive dynamics.
physics.data-an math.PR stat.AP stat.ME
motivated by contemporary and rich applications of anomalous diffusion processes we propose a new statistical test for fractional brownian motion which is one of the most popular models for anomalous diffusion systems the test is based on detrending moving average statistic and its probability distribution using the theory of gaussian quadratic forms we determined it as a generalized chisquared distribution the proposed test could be generalized for statistical testing of any centered nondegenerate gaussian process finally we examine the test via monte carlo simulations for two exemplary scenarios of subdiffusive and superdiffusive dynamics
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1,803.08554
Neuronal Circuit Policies
We propose an effective way to create interpretable control agents, by re-purposing the function of a biological neural circuit model, to govern simulated and real world reinforcement learning (RL) test-beds. We model the tap-withdrawal (TW) neural circuit of the nematode, C. elegans, a circuit responsible for the worm's reflexive response to external mechanical touch stimulations, and learn its synaptic and neuronal parameters as a policy for controlling basic RL tasks. We also autonomously park a real rover robot on a pre-defined trajectory, by deploying such neuronal circuit policies learned in a simulated environment. For reconfiguration of the purpose of the TW neural circuit, we adopt a search-based RL algorithm. We show that our neuronal policies perform as good as deep neural network policies with the advantage of realizing interpretable dynamics at the cell level.
q-bio.NC cs.AI cs.LG cs.NE
we propose an effective way to create interpretable control agents by repurposing the function of a biological neural circuit model to govern simulated and real world reinforcement learning rl testbeds we model the tapwithdrawal tw neural circuit of the nematode c elegans a circuit responsible for the worms reflexive response to external mechanical touch stimulations and learn its synaptic and neuronal parameters as a policy for controlling basic rl tasks we also autonomously park a real rover robot on a predefined trajectory by deploying such neuronal circuit policies learned in a simulated environment for reconfiguration of the purpose of the tw neural circuit we adopt a searchbased rl algorithm we show that our neuronal policies perform as good as deep neural network policies with the advantage of realizing interpretable dynamics at the cell level
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1,803.08555
The 150th Anniversary of Fusakichi Omori
This paper is devoted to the memory of the outstanding Japanese scientist. In 1896, Fusakichi Omori discovered the law of the aftershocks evolution that bears his name. We represent the Omori law in the form of a differential equation. This allows us to take into account the non-stationarity of rocks in the earthquake source, which "cools down" after the main shock.
physics.geo-ph
this paper is devoted to the memory of the outstanding japanese scientist in 1896 fusakichi omori discovered the law of the aftershocks evolution that bears his name we represent the omori law in the form of a differential equation this allows us to take into account the nonstationarity of rocks in the earthquake source which cools down after the main shock
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1,803.08556
Realizing spaces as path-component spaces
The path component space of a topological space $X$ is the quotient space $\pi_0(X)$ whose points are the path components of $X$. We show that every Tychonoff space $X$ is the path-component space of a Tychonoff space $Y$ of weight $w(Y)=w(X)$ such that the natural quotient map $Y\to \pi_0(Y)=X$ is a perfect map. Hence, many topological properties of $X$ transfer to $Y$. We apply this result to construct a compact space $X\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ for which the fundamental group $\pi_1(X,x_0)$ is an uncountable, cosmic, $k_{\omega}$-topological group but for which the canonical homomorphism $\psi:\pi_1(X,x_0)\to \check{\pi}_1(X,x_0)$ to the first shape homotopy group is trivial.
math.GN math.AT
the path component space of a topological space x is the quotient space pi_0x whose points are the path components of x we show that every tychonoff space x is the pathcomponent space of a tychonoff space y of weight wywx such that the natural quotient map yto pi_0yx is a perfect map hence many topological properties of x transfer to y we apply this result to construct a compact space xsubset mathbbr3 for which the fundamental group pi_1xx_0 is an uncountable cosmic k_omegatopological group but for which the canonical homomorphism psipi_1xx_0to checkpi_1xx_0 to the first shape homotopy group is trivial
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1,803.08557
MHD instabilities in accretion disks and their implications in driving fast magnetic reconnection
Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities play an important role in accretion disks systems. Besides the well-known effects of the magnetorotational instability (MRI), the Parker-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (PRTI) also arises as an important mechanism to help in the formation of the coronal region around an accretion disk and in the production of magnetic reconnection events similar to those occurring in the solar corona. In this work, we have performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (3D-MHD) shearing-box numerical simulations of accretion disks with an initial stratified density distribution and a strong azimuthal magnetic field with a ratio between the thermal and magnetic pressures of the order of unity. This study aimed at verifying the role of these instabilities in driving fast magnetic reconnection in turbulent accretion disk/corona systems. As we expected, the simulations showed an initial formation of large-scale magnetic loops due to the PRTI followed by the development of a nearly steady-state turbulence driven by both instabilities. In this turbulent environment, we have employed an algorithm to identify the presence of current sheets produced by the encounter of magnetic flux ropes of opposite polarity in the turbulent regions of both the corona and the disk. We computed the magnetic reconnection rates in these locations obtaining average reconnection velocities in Alfv\'en speed units of the order of $0.13 \pm 0.09$ in the accretion disk and $0.17 \pm 0.10$ in the coronal region (with mean peak values of order of $0.2$), which are consistent with the predictions of the theory of turbulence-induced fast reconnection.
astro-ph.HE
magnetohydrodynamic instabilities play an important role in accretion disks systems besides the wellknown effects of the magnetorotational instability mri the parkerrayleightaylor instability prti also arises as an important mechanism to help in the formation of the coronal region around an accretion disk and in the production of magnetic reconnection events similar to those occurring in the solar corona in this work we have performed threedimensional magnetohydrodynamical 3dmhd shearingbox numerical simulations of accretion disks with an initial stratified density distribution and a strong azimuthal magnetic field with a ratio between the thermal and magnetic pressures of the order of unity this study aimed at verifying the role of these instabilities in driving fast magnetic reconnection in turbulent accretion diskcorona systems as we expected the simulations showed an initial formation of largescale magnetic loops due to the prti followed by the development of a nearly steadystate turbulence driven by both instabilities in this turbulent environment we have employed an algorithm to identify the presence of current sheets produced by the encounter of magnetic flux ropes of opposite polarity in the turbulent regions of both the corona and the disk we computed the magnetic reconnection rates in these locations obtaining average reconnection velocities in alfven speed units of the order of 013 pm 009 in the accretion disk and 017 pm 010 in the coronal region with mean peak values of order of 02 which are consistent with the predictions of the theory of turbulenceinduced fast reconnection
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1,803.08558
On Data-Driven Computation of Information Transfer for Causal Inference in Dynamical Systems
In this paper, we provide a novel approach to capture causal interaction in a dynamical system from time-series data. In \cite{sinha_IT_CDC2016}, we have shown that the existing measures of information transfer, namely directed information, granger causality and transfer entropy fail to capture true causal interaction in dynamical system and proposed a new definition of information transfer that captures true causal interaction. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the proposed definition of information transfer in \cite{sinha_IT_CDC2016}\cite{sinha_IT_ICC} can be computed from time-series data. We use transfer operator theoretic framework involving Perron-Frobenius and Koopman operators for the data-driven approximation of the system dynamics and for the computation of information transfer. Several examples involving linear and nonlinear system dynamics are presented to verify the efficiency of the developed algorithm.
math.OC
in this paper we provide a novel approach to capture causal interaction in a dynamical system from timeseries data in citesinha_it_cdc2016 we have shown that the existing measures of information transfer namely directed information granger causality and transfer entropy fail to capture true causal interaction in dynamical system and proposed a new definition of information transfer that captures true causal interaction the main contribution of this paper is to show that the proposed definition of information transfer in citesinha_it_cdc2016citesinha_it_icc can be computed from timeseries data we use transfer operator theoretic framework involving perronfrobenius and koopman operators for the datadriven approximation of the system dynamics and for the computation of information transfer several examples involving linear and nonlinear system dynamics are presented to verify the efficiency of the developed algorithm
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1,803.08559
A note on Neumann problems on graphs
We discuss Neumann problems for self-adjoint Laplacians on (possibly infinite) graphs. Under the assumption that the heat semigroup is ultracontractive we discuss the unique solvability for non-empty subgraphs with respect to the vertex boundary and provide analytic and probabilistic representations for Neumann solutions. A second result deals with Neumann problems on canonically compactifiable graphs with respect to the Royden boundary and provides conditions for unique solvability and analytic and probabilistic representations.
math.AP
we discuss neumann problems for selfadjoint laplacians on possibly infinite graphs under the assumption that the heat semigroup is ultracontractive we discuss the unique solvability for nonempty subgraphs with respect to the vertex boundary and provide analytic and probabilistic representations for neumann solutions a second result deals with neumann problems on canonically compactifiable graphs with respect to the royden boundary and provides conditions for unique solvability and analytic and probabilistic representations
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1,803.0856
Wellposedness of the 2D full water wave equation in a regime that allows for non-$C^1$ interfaces
We consider the two dimensional gravity water wave equation in a regime where the free interface is allowed to be non-$C^1$. In this regime, only a degenerate Taylor inequality $-\frac{\partial P}{\partial \bf n}\ge 0$ holds, with degeneracy at the singularities. In \cite{kw} an energy functional $\mathcal E(t)$ was constructed and an a-prori estimate was proved. The energy functional $\mathcal E(t)$ is not only finite for interfaces and velocities in Sobolev spaces, but also finite for a class of non-$C^1$ interfaces with angled crests. In this paper we prove the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution of the 2d gravity water wave equation in the class where $\mathcal E(t)<\infty$, locally in time, for any given data satisfying $\mathcal E(0)<\infty$.
math.AP
we consider the two dimensional gravity water wave equation in a regime where the free interface is allowed to be nonc1 in this regime only a degenerate taylor inequality fracpartial ppartial bf nge 0 holds with degeneracy at the singularities in citekw an energy functional mathcal et was constructed and an aprori estimate was proved the energy functional mathcal et is not only finite for interfaces and velocities in sobolev spaces but also finite for a class of nonc1 interfaces with angled crests in this paper we prove the existence uniqueness and stability of the solution of the 2d gravity water wave equation in the class where mathcal etinfty locally in time for any given data satisfying mathcal e0infty
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1,803.08561
MHD flow and heat transfer due to a linearly stretching sheet with induced magnetic field: Exact solution
The solution for the MHD flow, due to a linearly stretching sheet, has a simple form for the velocity field, with a companion simple form for the induced magnetic field. The associated thermal problem, including viscous dissipation and Joule heating, involves three temperature constituents, the solutions for two of which are obtained in terms of Kummer's function. The solution for the third temperature constituent is obtained in a convergent series form.
physics.flu-dyn
the solution for the mhd flow due to a linearly stretching sheet has a simple form for the velocity field with a companion simple form for the induced magnetic field the associated thermal problem including viscous dissipation and joule heating involves three temperature constituents the solutions for two of which are obtained in terms of kummers function the solution for the third temperature constituent is obtained in a convergent series form
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1,803.08562
On Robust Computation of Koopman Operator and Prediction in Random Dynamical Systems
In the paper, we consider the problem of robust approximation of transfer Koopman and Perron-Frobenius (P-F) operators from noisy time series data. In most applications, the time-series data obtained from simulation or experiment is corrupted with either measurement or process noise or both. The existing results show the applicability of algorithms developed for the finite dimensional approximation of deterministic system to a random uncertain case. However, these results hold true only in asymptotic and under the assumption of infinite data set. In practice the data set is finite, and hence it is important to develop algorithms that explicitly account for the presence of uncertainty in data-set. We propose a robust optimization-based framework for the robust approximation of the transfer operators, where the uncertainty in data-set is treated as deterministic norm bounded uncertainty. The robust optimization leads to a min-max type optimization problem for the approximation of transfer operators. This robust optimization problem is shown to be equivalent to regularized least square problem. This equivalence between robust optimization problem and regularized least square problem allows us to comment on various interesting properties of the obtained solution using robust optimization. In particular, the robust optimization formulation captures inherent tradeoffs between the quality of approximation and complexity of approximation. These tradeoffs are necessary to balance for the proposed application of transfer operators, for the design of optimal predictor. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed robust approximation algorithm performs better than the Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) and DMD algorithms for a system with process and measurement noise.
math.OC
in the paper we consider the problem of robust approximation of transfer koopman and perronfrobenius pf operators from noisy time series data in most applications the timeseries data obtained from simulation or experiment is corrupted with either measurement or process noise or both the existing results show the applicability of algorithms developed for the finite dimensional approximation of deterministic system to a random uncertain case however these results hold true only in asymptotic and under the assumption of infinite data set in practice the data set is finite and hence it is important to develop algorithms that explicitly account for the presence of uncertainty in dataset we propose a robust optimizationbased framework for the robust approximation of the transfer operators where the uncertainty in dataset is treated as deterministic norm bounded uncertainty the robust optimization leads to a minmax type optimization problem for the approximation of transfer operators this robust optimization problem is shown to be equivalent to regularized least square problem this equivalence between robust optimization problem and regularized least square problem allows us to comment on various interesting properties of the obtained solution using robust optimization in particular the robust optimization formulation captures inherent tradeoffs between the quality of approximation and complexity of approximation these tradeoffs are necessary to balance for the proposed application of transfer operators for the design of optimal predictor simulation results demonstrate that our proposed robust approximation algorithm performs better than the extended dynamic mode decomposition edmd and dmd algorithms for a system with process and measurement noise
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1,803.08563
Status and update of the RaDIATE Collaboration R&D Program
The Radiation Damage In Accelerator Target Environments (RaDIATE) collaboration was founded in 2012 and currently consists of over 50 participants and 11 institutions globally. Due to the increasing power of future proton accelerator sources in target facilities, there is a critical need to further understand the physical and thermo-mechanical radiation response of target facility materials. Thus, the primary objective of the RaDIATE collaboration is to draw on existing expertise in the nuclear materials and accelerator targets fields to generate new and useful materials data for application within the accelerator and fission/fusion communities. Current research activities of the collaboration include post irradiation examination (PIE) of decommissioned components from existing beamlines such as the NuMI beryllium beam window and graphite NT-02 target material. PIE of these components includes advanced microstructural analyses (SEM/TEM, EBSD, EDS) and micro-mechanics technique such as nano-indentation, to help characterize any microstructural radiation damage incurred during operation. New irradiation campaigns of various candidate materials at both low and high energy beam facilities are also being pursued. Beryllium helium implantation studies at the University of Surrey as well as high energy proton irradiation of various materials at Brookhaven National Laboratory's BLIP facility have been initiated. The program also extends to beam-induced thermal shock experiments using high intensity beam pulses at CERN's HiRadMat facility, followed by advanced PIE activities to evaluate thermal shock resistance of the materials. Preliminary results from ongoing research activities, as well as the future plans of the RaDIATE collaboration R&D program will be discussed.
physics.acc-ph
the radiation damage in accelerator target environments radiate collaboration was founded in 2012 and currently consists of over 50 participants and 11 institutions globally due to the increasing power of future proton accelerator sources in target facilities there is a critical need to further understand the physical and thermomechanical radiation response of target facility materials thus the primary objective of the radiate collaboration is to draw on existing expertise in the nuclear materials and accelerator targets fields to generate new and useful materials data for application within the accelerator and fissionfusion communities current research activities of the collaboration include post irradiation examination pie of decommissioned components from existing beamlines such as the numi beryllium beam window and graphite nt02 target material pie of these components includes advanced microstructural analyses semtem ebsd eds and micromechanics technique such as nanoindentation to help characterize any microstructural radiation damage incurred during operation new irradiation campaigns of various candidate materials at both low and high energy beam facilities are also being pursued beryllium helium implantation studies at the university of surrey as well as high energy proton irradiation of various materials at brookhaven national laboratorys blip facility have been initiated the program also extends to beaminduced thermal shock experiments using high intensity beam pulses at cerns hiradmat facility followed by advanced pie activities to evaluate thermal shock resistance of the materials preliminary results from ongoing research activities as well as the future plans of the radiate collaboration rd program will be discussed
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1,803.08564
The WFIRST Exoplanet Microlensing Survey
The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) was the top ranked large space mission in the 2010 New Worlds, New Horizons decadal survey, and it was formed by merging the science programs of 3 different mission concepts, including the Microlensing Planet Finder (MPF) concept (Bennett \etal\ 2010). The WFIRST science program (Spergel \etal\ 2015) consists of a general observer program, a wavefront controlled technology program, and two targeted science programs: a program to study dark energy, and a statistical census of exoplanets with a microlensing survey, which uses nearly one quarter of WFIRST's observing time in the current design reference mission. The New Worlds, New Horizons (decadal survey) midterm assessment summarizes the science case for the WFIRST exoplanet microlensing survey with this statement: "WFIRST's microlensing census of planets beyond 1 AU will perfectly complement Kepler's census of compact systems, and WFIRST will also be able to detect free-floating planets unbound from their parent stars\rlap."
astro-ph.EP
the wide field infrared survey telescope wfirst was the top ranked large space mission in the 2010 new worlds new horizons decadal survey and it was formed by merging the science programs of 3 different mission concepts including the microlensing planet finder mpf concept bennett etal 2010 the wfirst science program spergel etal 2015 consists of a general observer program a wavefront controlled technology program and two targeted science programs a program to study dark energy and a statistical census of exoplanets with a microlensing survey which uses nearly one quarter of wfirsts observing time in the current design reference mission the new worlds new horizons decadal survey midterm assessment summarizes the science case for the wfirst exoplanet microlensing survey with this statement wfirsts microlensing census of planets beyond 1 au will perfectly complement keplers census of compact systems and wfirst will also be able to detect freefloating planets unbound from their parent starsrlap
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1,803.08565
Comment on: "Low significance of evidence for black hole echoes in gravitational wave data"
In a recent publication (1612.00266), we demonstrated that the events in the first observing run of the Advanced LIGO gravitational wave observatory (aLIGO O1) showed tentative evidence for repeating "echoes from the abyss" caused by Planck-scale structure near black hole horizons. By considering a phenomenological echo model, we showed that the pure noise hypothesis is disfavored with a p-value of 1%, i.e. higher amplitude for echoes than those in aLIGO O1 events are only recovered in 1% of random noise realizations. A recent preprint by Westerweck, et al. (1712.09966) provides a careful re-evaluation of our analysis which claims "a reduced statistical significance ... entirely consistent with noise". It is a mystery to us why the authors make such a statement, while they also find a p-value of 2 $\pm$ 1% (given the Poisson error in their estimate) for the same model and dataset. This is p-erfectly consistent with our results, which would be commonly considered as disfavoring the null hypothesis, or "moderate to significant" evidence for "echoes". Westerweck, et al. also point to diversity of the observed echo properties as evidence for statistical fluke, but such a diversity is neither unique nor surprising for complex physical phenomena in nature.
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
in a recent publication 161200266 we demonstrated that the events in the first observing run of the advanced ligo gravitational wave observatory aligo o1 showed tentative evidence for repeating echoes from the abyss caused by planckscale structure near black hole horizons by considering a phenomenological echo model we showed that the pure noise hypothesis is disfavored with a pvalue of 1 ie higher amplitude for echoes than those in aligo o1 events are only recovered in 1 of random noise realizations a recent preprint by westerweck et al 171209966 provides a careful reevaluation of our analysis which claims a reduced statistical significance entirely consistent with noise it is a mystery to us why the authors make such a statement while they also find a pvalue of 2 pm 1 given the poisson error in their estimate for the same model and dataset this is perfectly consistent with our results which would be commonly considered as disfavoring the null hypothesis or moderate to significant evidence for echoes westerweck et al also point to diversity of the observed echo properties as evidence for statistical fluke but such a diversity is neither unique nor surprising for complex physical phenomena in nature
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1,803.08566
Finite Correlation Length Scaling in Lorentz-Invariant Gapless iPEPS Wave Functions
It is an open question how well tensor network states in the form of an infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS) tensor network can approximate gapless quantum states of matter. Here we address this issue for two different physical scenarios: i) a conformally invariant $(2+1)d$ quantum critical point in the incarnation of the transverse field Ising model on the square lattice and ii) spontaneously broken continuous symmetries with gapless Goldstone modes exemplified by the $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg and XY models on the square lattice. We find that the energetically best wave functions display {\em finite} correlation lengths and we introduce a powerful finite correlation length scaling framework for the analysis of such finite-$D$ iPEPS states. The framework is important i) to understand the mild limitations of the finite-$D$ iPEPS manifold in representing Lorentz-invariant, gapless many body quantum states and ii) to put forward a practical scheme in which the finite correlation length $\xi(D)$ combined with field theory inspired formulae can be used to extrapolate the data to infinite correlation length, i.e. to the thermodynamic limit. The finite correlation length scaling framework opens the way for further exploration of quantum matter with an (expected) Lorentz-invariant, massless low-energy description, with many applications ranging from condensed matter to high-energy physics.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech hep-lat hep-th
it is an open question how well tensor network states in the form of an infinite projected entangled pair states ipeps tensor network can approximate gapless quantum states of matter here we address this issue for two different physical scenarios i a conformally invariant 21d quantum critical point in the incarnation of the transverse field ising model on the square lattice and ii spontaneously broken continuous symmetries with gapless goldstone modes exemplified by the s12 antiferromagnetic heisenberg and xy models on the square lattice we find that the energetically best wave functions display em finite correlation lengths and we introduce a powerful finite correlation length scaling framework for the analysis of such finited ipeps states the framework is important i to understand the mild limitations of the finited ipeps manifold in representing lorentzinvariant gapless many body quantum states and ii to put forward a practical scheme in which the finite correlation length xid combined with field theory inspired formulae can be used to extrapolate the data to infinite correlation length ie to the thermodynamic limit the finite correlation length scaling framework opens the way for further exploration of quantum matter with an expected lorentzinvariant massless lowenergy description with many applications ranging from condensed matter to highenergy physics
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