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The weight of radiator affects the launch weight of spacecraft and the feasibility of engineering development. Heat pipe radiator is widely used in space heat emission because of its strong resistance to single point failure and excellent heat transfer performance. This paper analyzed the sensitivity of fin width, inle... | 1 |
The efficient exploitation of solar irradiation is one of the most encouraging ways of handling numerous environmental concerns. Solar collectors are suitable devices that capture solar irradiation and convert it into thermal energy and electricity. In the last years, the nanofluids used in solar thermal systems have b... | 1 |
The photoconductive properties of photodiodes based on nanocomposites of water-soluble CdSe nanocrystals and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy-p-phenylenevinylen)] (MEH-PPV) were investigated. The photoluminescence intensity of the nanocomposites decreased with the increasing weight ratios of CdSe nanocrystals to MEH-P... | 0 |
This chapter deals with the simplest ideas that have been used in the past to attain an understanding of solar cell efficiencies from a theoretical point of view. The chapter uses thermodynamics to offer estimates for solar cell efficiency, including the Carnot efficiency. Studies show that it is most beneficial to imp... | 0 |
The photovoltaic (PV) industry is approaching the '3rd Generation' materials and devices. Compound semiconductors represent the bulk of these. A ‘4th Generation’ that is waiting in the wings could be said to be the polymeric materials that have also begun to make an initial impact in light emitters, but this article co... | 0 |
The total and partial density of states, electronic charge density and optical properties of the monoclinic structure K10Ge18WO4 compound have been investigated using a full relativistic version of the full-potential augmented plane-wave method based on the density functional theory, within local density approximation ... | 1 |
An organic–inorganic heterojunction based on a BODIPY dyes has been produced by forming dye thin film on n–Si. The electrical parameters of the structure have been investigated by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. The ideality factor, the barrier height and the series resistance values o... | 0 |
A technique to grow a number of materials on a single substrate using a physical mask in a hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) system is developed. Using this technique, we examine materials continuously varying from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon as we vary the hydrogen-to-silane gas ratio from 0 to 20 a... | 0 |
A low-cost, manufacturable defect gettering and passivation treatment, involving simultaneous anneal of a PECVD SiN x film and a screen-printed Al layer, is found to improve the lifetime in Si ribbon materials from 1–10μs to over 20μs. Our results indicate that the optimum anneal temperature for SiN x -induced hydrogen... | 0 |
A new optical detector system for fluorescence analysis in on-chip high-speed screening arrays is described. It consists of a photodiode covered by a re-crystallized silicon film, which acts as a single-film optical filter. The crystalline structure of the silicon film has a strong influence on the optical properties o... | 0 |
One of the main missions for the photovoltaic laboratory concerns the preparation and development of norms and standards for photovoltaic (PV) systems. To reach this objective, we have initiated a program research to identify the present of state of the art to develop specific measuring methods and test procedures for ... | 0 |
The photovoltaic (PV) technology potential for Jordan is high, based on the fact that many remote and isolated sites are located far away from the national electric grid and cannot be connected to it in the near future. Therefore, a rural PV electrification program—driven by quality-of-life improvement for the users—wa... | 0 |
The effect of the preparation and treatment conditions on the photoefficiency of electropolymerized polybithiophene (PBT) was studied. It was found that, after initial discharging, further electrochemical undoping of the polymer in dark had no effect on the photocurrents. However, illuminating the polymer films in solu... | 0 |
We report photovoltaic constant and photoconductivity of Ce,Mn:LiNbO3 crystals. Using the DC electric field dependence of non-phase-matched second-harmonic generation, photovoltaic constant and photoconductivity were deduced from an analysis of the observed relaxation behavior of space-charge field at two different lig... | 0 |
In the present study, the mechanochemically prepared covellite, CuS and chalcocite, Cu2S nanocrystals are compared in detail. Concretely, the SEM, EDS, N2 adsorption, UV–Vis, PL, FTIR, ZP measurement, PCCS, XPS and DTA/TG were used. SEM, EDS and elemental mapping have shown that the agglomerates containing nanoparticle... | 1 |
A series of new lignin derivatives (lignophenols) containing phenol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol and pyrogallol synthesized from Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziessi) as softwood and beech (Fagas crenata) as hardwood was investigated as sensitizers for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSS... | 0 |
Thin-film polycrystalline photovoltaic devices based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 have a demonstrated efficiency approaching 19%. The best performance was achieved when the Ga/In+Ga ratio was in the 25–30% range. The short-circuit current density exhibited for the device containing CdS was almost at its expected maximum. The open-c... | 0 |
Global emissions reported by many authors have shown as natural and anthropic sources can contribute to the principal aerosol classes, but values change according the local scenario. The Venice Lagoon is exposed to different anthropic source emissions like vehicular traffic, industrial thermoelectric power plant, petro... | 1 |
Hydroelectricity provides approximately 65% of Brazil's power generating capacity, making the country vulnerable to droughts, which are becoming increasingly frequent. Current energy law and policy responses to the problem rely on a sectorial approach and prioritise energy security and market regulation. Brazil has opt... | 1 |
Energy use has surged to previously unheard-of levels due to a sharp increase in population growth. The uncontrolled depletion of fossil fuels as a source of energy is the result of their overuse. It has become clear that developing renewable energy sources is urgently needed. Furthermore, it is imperative to address e... | 1 |
The temperature of a photovoltaic module is a key parameter for the accurate assessment of its performance. In cases where actual measurements are not available, a number of different models can be used to estimate the temperature of the module. Seven such relations are applied and evaluated against experimental data. ... | 0 |
We have investigated the effect of adding CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with their hexadecylamine (HDA) ligands coating in ITO/SPT/P3HT:PCBM/Al bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). At first, we found that the optimal thermal treatment was a post cathode deposition annealing, due to an effective surface... | 0 |
Highlights ► Model for simulation of photovoltaic plants. ► Exploratory analysis of centrals under heterogeneous climatic conditions. ► Effect of dynamic climatic conditions on performance of large photovoltaic systems. | 0 |
Highlights • Building two hybrid refrigerators including vapour compression and thermoelectric cooling technologies. • Focusing on thermal analysis of the thermoelectric coolers’ influence on the refrigerator performance. • Testing serial and hybrid refrigerators according to different standards. • Hybrid refrigerators... | 1 |
ZnO nanofibers are modified with nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) by solution process and become the CdS/ZnO core–shell nanofibers. The CdS modification at the optimum condition can dramatically improve all photovoltaic parameters and increase the power conversion efficiency of the P3HT/ZnO hybrid solar cells for ... | 0 |
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Unique PbS hopper (skeletal) crystals were obtained in large quantities through the solvothermal process by controlling the reaction conditions such as time, concentration and temperature. It indicated that the hopper structure is not casual phenomena in lead chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals. Although the reacti... | 0 |
To improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of AgCu-based alloy, a three-dimensional TiC nanosheet (3D-TiCns) reinforcement was in-situ synthesized in AgCu alloy by melt infiltrating AgCuTi liquid into a graphene sponge. Oxidation kinetics and microstructure evolutions were investigated for the 3D-TiCns/AgCu a... | 1 |
In this work a water soluble derivative of polythiophene, namely (poly[3-(sodium-6 hexanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl]) is used as photosensitizer and hole conductor instead of the liquid electrolyte, resulting in a solid state polythiophene-sensitized solar cell. The dense titania hole-blocking layer and the nanoporous TiO2... | 0 |
We have demonstrated accelerated degradation studies of organic photovoltaic materials using concentrated sunlight, where the atmosphere, temperature and illumination intensity were independently controlled. Testing various schemes for controlling the sample temperature under concentrated sunlight showed that heating o... | 0 |
Multifunctional ZnO semiconductor is a potential candidate for electronics and optoelectronics applications and can be commercialized owing to its excellent electrical and optical properties, inexpensiveness, relative abundance, chemical stability towards air, and much simpler and wide range of crystal-growth technolog... | 0 |
This article focuses on two different approaches to create nanoscale transition metal chalcogenide materials. First, we used chemical nanofabrication, a combination of top-down patterning and bottom-up solid-state synthesis, to achieve control over the shape, size, and ordering of the patterned nanomaterials. We demons... | 0 |
We have studied differences in the interface between undoped and Al-doped ZnO thin films deposited on commercial Si solar cell substrates. The undoped ZnO film is significantly thicker than the Al-doped film for the same deposition time. An extended silicate-like interface is present in both samples. Transmission elect... | 0 |
Highlights ► Examined tin naphthalocyanine dichloride as an infrared absorber in organic photovoltaics. ► Performance is superior to tin phthalocyanine, an archetypical infrared small molecule donor. ► Absorption extends beyond a wavelength of 1100nm in both neat and mixed films. | 0 |
We report the photophysical behavior and photovoltaic performance of a poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) derivative, namely poly-[3,3-dihexyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine] (PProDOT(Hx)2), as an electron donor in bulk heterojunction solar cells blended with the acceptor 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propy... | 0 |
We proposed a novel concept of organic two-layer photovoltaic devices with D–σ–A molecule (Donor subunit–σ bond–Acceptor subunit)/conducting polymer heterojunction. Au/PMeT (poly(3-methylthiophene))/NBPN (10-(p-nitrobenzyl)-2(10H)-phenazinone)/Al was fabricated as a prototype of D–σ–A/polymer photovoltaic device. The p... | 0 |
We report here on Raman spectroscopic studies of Bi2Se3 single crystal synthesized by chemical vapor transport technique as a function of pressure (0–12GPa) and temperature (80–300K). Polarized Raman experiments in the back-scattering configuration were performed to determine the position of the two dominant first-orde... | 1 |
Mexico City faces multiple environmental challenges. Studying these challenges separately is a common practice, ignoring the interdependencies between the sectors of the city and limiting the environmental impact assessments to the local level. This perspective has led to biased assessments and an underestimation of ur... | 1 |
Buildings of the future must be designed and constructed to reduce energy demand. From a thermal point of view, technologies to minimise heating needs already exist. But in order to reduce future cooling requirements, more positive action will be required. This applies both in commercial buildings, where cooling demand... | 0 |
Multiferroic materials predominantly formed by the coexistence of more than one primary ferroic ordering and also responsible for coupling in between these ferroic ordering. The objective of this paper is to develop multiferroic materials by coupling the ferroelectric property in BaTiO3 with magnetic property in rare e... | 1 |
Edge nitrogen doping, including pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen, is an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbons for K-ion batteries owing to the abundant defective sites and lower K-ion adsorption energy than graphitic nitrogen. Nevertheless, due to the singleness of precursor and imprec... | 1 |
Highlights • J-aggregated dye film with ends bonded to n- and p-semiconductors is fabricated. • Photoresponse from bulk excitons and direct carrier injection is demonstrated. • System exhibits long distance exciton transport. | 1 |
Several disorder parameters, inside the DNA molecule, lead to localization of charge carriers inside potential wells in the lowest unoccupied and highest occupied molecular orbits (LUMO and HOMO) which affects drastically the electrical conduction through the molecule, and demonstrates that the band carriers play an es... | 1 |
In the present study, a comprehensive approach is introduced to model a passive single-slope solar still. This approach is a proposed combination of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. Unlike the conventional approach of solar still modeling which assumes the mean value of top glass pane and brackish water temperatures for t... | 1 |
It is a challenging task to characterize the biodistribution of nanoparticles in cells and tissue on a subcellular level. Conventional methods to study the interaction of nanoparticles with living cells rely on labeling techniques that either selectively stain the particles or selectively tag them with tracer molecules... | 1 |
We have studied U3Si2 by means of the heat capacity, electrical resistivity, Seebeck and Hall effects, and thermal conductivity in the temperature range 2–300 K and in magnetic fields up to 9 T. All the results obtained point to delocalized nature of 5f-electrons in this material. The low temperature heat capacity is e... | 1 |
This study investigates the effects on the performance of a diesel generator set at constant electric power of 2.43 kW (approximately 60% nominal engine load condition) and rotation at 3600 rpm operating with a 7% biodiesel-diesel blend (B7) and being doped with hydrogen into the intake air. Hydrogen was injected conti... | 1 |
A method of scanning mid-IR-laser microscopy has recently been proposed for the investigation of large-scale electrically and recombination-active defects in semiconductors and nondestructive inspection of semiconductor materials and structures in the industries of microelectronics and photovoltaics. The basis for this... | 0 |
In recent years, the number of power plants based on renewable energy (RWE) has been increasing and hydrogen as an energy carrier has become a suitable medium-to-long term storage solution as well as a “fuel” for FCEV's because of its CO2-free potential. In this context, the aim of the present study is to carry out bot... | 0 |
The development of user-friendly devices for on site analysis and characterization of painting materials is one of the most challenging objectives in the diagnostics for cultural heritage. Thanks to the specificity of antigen–antibody reactions, immunological methods have been already successfully applied for the detec... | 1 |
Density functional theory investigates the spin-dependent structural, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of MgSm2 × 4 (X = S, Se). The optimization uses PBEsol-GGA to compute the lattice constant, bulk modulus, and energies. The Heisenberg model has been applied to calculate the Curie temperature which... | 1 |
3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl chloride was covalently linked to graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets prepared by a modified Hummers’ method, using ethylenediamine as a spacer. The linkage of the GO with the small molecule was confirmed by spectroscopic (e.g., Fourier transform infrared, Raman) and microscopic analyses. The resultant GO... | 0 |
Variation induced in the tensile properties of silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk fibers by degumming includes the appearance of a characteristic two-yield points stress-strain curve. | 1 |
The paper presents a strategic approach to assess the importance of space solar power for securing the increasing energy demand of Europe. Based on European particularities, like its high and increasing energy import dependence and the strong engagement to significantly reduce its emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), th... | 0 |
A novel method was applied for the deposition of TiO2 powders using Nano-Particle Deposition System (NPDS) for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). NPDS is a method used to deposit ceramic and metallic powders on substrates at room temperature by accelerating particles to subsonic speeds. In this study, TiO2 powders wer... | 0 |
Ultrathin films of MEH-PPV/C60 nanocomposite with various C60 content were fabricated onto ITO-coated glasses by means of Langmuir–Schaefer method. The cyclic voltammetric investigation on these ultrathin films suggested that these nanocomposites show distinct electrochemical behaviors at various composition ratios. | 0 |
Rather consistent power conversion efficiencies have been achieved in organic solar cells throughout a wide range of active layer thicknesses (∼100nm to ∼800nm) by using a p-type polymer semiconductor with high hole transport mobility (∼1cm2 V−1 s−1) as the donor, and PC61BM as the acceptor. A comparison between standa... | 0 |
More than 35 samples of the Cu–Zn–Sn–S system were prepared along the ZnS–Cu2SnS3 section, in order to study the bulk properties of the Cu2ZnSnS4 semiconductor. During the investigation of these samples, a new quaternary phase was detected by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM... | 0 |
The growing interest in the establishment of a minimum share of renewable sources in the world energy matrix, after the Johannesburg's World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD), has raised the question about the means for such new technologies to compete with the traditional ones. The Brazilian experience in the ... | 0 |
Thermopile detectors are particularly well suited for spectral imaging, space science applications, track recording, presence detection and applications with low energy consumption. The purpose of this work is the fabrication of a surface-micromachined 2-D high detectivity thermopile array using a highly effective BiSb... | 1 |
Highlights ► Four different weather conditions are considered and characterized. ► The concentrator is carefully designed to get a uniformly concentrated irradiation. ► A model is made to evaluate the system with optical efficiency of concentrators considered. ► Direct and diffuse lights are distinguished in the model. | 0 |
Three donor–acceptor, π-conjugated (D–π–A) dyes containing methylthiophene or vinylene methylthiophene as π-conjugated spacer were utilised in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells. The relationship between the structure of the dyes and their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties was inve... | 0 |
Tactile sensors can transform the environmental stimuli into electrical signals to perceive and quantify the environmental information, which show huge application prospects. The development of bionic robots and wearable devices towards intelligence has put high demands on the performance of tactile sensor arrays. Here... | 1 |
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films were deposited at 100°C on polyethylene terephthalate by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The sputtering parameters such as RF power and Argon working pressure were varied from 25 to 125W and from 1.1 to 0.2Pa, respectively. The structural properties of as-deposited films were analy... | 0 |
Stripping potentiometry (SP) has been used effectively for the determination of trace levels of several metal species in solution. Indium ion, which can be readily reduced and has a high solubility in mercury, can be determined directly using SP. The reduction potential of indium is located between those of lead and ca... | 1 |
The operational lifetime of large solar PV arrays is investigated using the probability theory for the assessment of reliability. Arrays based on the following three solar cell interconnection schemes have been considered: (i) simple series-parallel (SP) array, (ii) the total-crossed-tied (TCT) array which is obtained ... | 0 |
Preparing binary and ternary composites as counter electrodes is an effective path to improve performance and reduce cost for dye-sensitized solar cells. | 0 |
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Effects of the Cu2–x Se surface phase, the post-growth air-annealing and the Na incorporation on the growth and properties of CuInSe2 films have been systematically investigated by various defect-sensitive characterization techniques such as low temperature photoluminescence and positron annihilation. The presence of t... | 0 |
In this paper, we theoretically studied the physical properties of ZnFeNbAl compound in the Heusler structure. The results of formation energy, phonon dispersion and elastic constants suggest that ZnFeNbAl is chemically, dynamically and mechanically stable. The compound is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a gap o... | 1 |
Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using viologen impregnated PVDF with TiO2 nanofiller as a solid polymer electrolyte sandwiched in between N3 (cis-di(thiocyanato)N,N′-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)-ruthenium(II)) dye adsorbed over TiO2 nanocrystalline film as anode and conducting carbon cement coa... | 0 |
This paper presents a novel optimization method for sizing and design of stand alone photovoltaic systems. Loss of power supply probability analysis is set as a benchmark to determine all possible PV array and battery capacity. Then, the optimum design is proposed based on the lowest levelized cost of energy. The case ... | 0 |
This paper presents the assessment of experimental data for electrical and thermal performance evaluation of photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated as cladding components into the building envelope, giving input to modelling and analysis work. From the experience gained in several EU research projects, an improved design... | 0 |
The paper presents progress in infrared (IR) detector technologies during 200 history of their development. Classification of two types of IR detectors (photon detectors and thermal detectors) is done on the basis of their principle of operation. The overview of IR systems and detectors is presented. Also recent progre... | 0 |
Nanodispersion of aggregated TiO2 powders has been performed by microbead milling and its effect on photovoltaic performance has been investigated with dye-sensitized solar cell. Plasma-treated 30 μm-diameter zirconia beads are used to disperse the aggregated nanocrystalline TiO2 powders in ethanolic medium. Particle s... | 0 |
For improving the photovoltaic performance of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells, the CdS window layer is one of the most crucial factors. Here we demonstrate the photovoltaic performances of the low-environmental-load CdS/CdTe solar cell employing the CdS layer doped with various metal organic (MO) compounds, i.e., (CH3)2... | 0 |
In this paper we investigated the vibrational properties of (Fe,Li)-doped delafossite oxide CuCrO2 by means of Raman experiments. The measurements were carried out at ambient temperature and pressure and on ab- and a(b)c-plane of a single grain. The samples were prepared using self-combustion urea nitrate process and t... | 1 |
This chapter explains the economic advantage of using photovoltaic systems to supplement electrical utility energy demands. Cost savings and payback periods are examined as long-term investments. Electricity rate costs per kilowatt and PV system output are discussed relative to annual household demand. PV system cost f... | 0 |
An environmentally benign, inexpensive hydrothermal route is used to synthesize flowerlike morphology composed of hexagonal ZnO nanorods (NRs) without using a template, surfactant, organic solvents or any catalytic agent under low hydrothermal pressure. The method involves direct growth of ZnO nanorods with flowerlike ... | 1 |
Herein, using first-principles calculations, we studied the electronic and thermoelectric properties of isolated perovskites CaTiO3, CaZrO3 and double perovskite Ca2ZrTiO6 crystal structure under ambient conditions, biaxial compression, and biaxial tensile strain. We used generalized gradient approximation and the Hubb... | 1 |
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) films for photovoltaic applications were synthesized using filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition (FCVAD) technique. Various deposition conditions were tested for an optimal film formation. The conditions included the oxygen (O2) pressure which was varied from a base pressure 10−5 to 10−4, 10−3... | 0 |
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