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And this scheme only
ends in electrode 18,
so this is an old diagram
here because current cochlear
implants have 22.
So if you are hearing
very low frequencies,
you're going to be stimulating
very apical electrodes.
And if you're hearing
the highest frequencies,
you're going to stimulate
the most basal electrode.
And this is a recapitulation
of the place code
for sound frequency where base
of the cochlear transduces
in normal hearing, the high
frequencies, and the apex
transduces the low frequencies.
So when we said the
cochlear implant doesn't
go all the way apically,
it can't fit there.
So what happens?
Well, the apex isn't
very well-stimulated
in these designs.
And so you will
hear descriptions
of people who have their implant
turned on for the first time,
and they'll say it
sounds like Donald Duck.
It sounds really shrill
and very high-pitched.
Well, a lot of the apex-- not
drawn here-- is not stimulated.
So what happens?
So these people,
after a month or two,
say oh, yeah, it's
sounding better and better.
And so there's some sort
of learning or plasticity
that makes things settle
down, and the voices
sound a little bit more
normal, maybe not normal,
but more normal.
And perfectly, as you saw
from the graph before,
normal word
recognition scores can
be achieved even though
you're stimulating
just a portion of the cochlea.
Now, I have a movie here,
and this gets on my nerves,
but I want to show it
to you because this
is what's shown to
patients who are
about to get a cochlear implant.