opendatalab/SlimPajama-Meta-rater · Datasets at Hugging Face

BkiUbybxK19JmejM8HP8

\section{Introduction} Interaction with the environment leads to decoherence \cite{Zurek_RMP03} of quantum states of small systems, such as qubits. While it is an effect which should be avoided in the context of quantum computation (\emph{e.g.} by performing gate operations on timescales much shorter than the decohere...

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\section{Introduction} In this paper, we present a richly annotated and genre-diversified language resource, the Prague Dependency Treebank-Consolidated version 1.0 (PDT-C in the sequel). PDT-C \citelanguageresource{lrPDT-C}\footnote{\url{https://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/pdt-c}} is a treebank from the family of PDT-style corpo...

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\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The measurement of rotation periods in open clusters can be a powerful and convenient tool in understanding stellar angular momentum evolution by offering the opportunity to connect a star's age to its rotation period and color or, alternatively, mass. \citet{1972ApJ...171..56...

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BkiUcO7xK0iCl7UGWjGg

\section{INTRODUCTION} Automatic underground parking is one of the essential parts of autonomous driving. During this process, the auto-vehicle is proposed to obtain the environmental information from the underground parking scenario, process the input from sensors, and make planning. To address this complete procedure...

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\section{Introduction} {Magnetars, including soft gamma ray repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), are defined as isolated neutron stars (NSs) emitting from radio to X-rays, and they are presumably powered by the dissipation of their very strong magnetic fields ($\sim10^{14}$\,G, \citealt{2002ApJ...574.....

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\section{Introduction} EUDET~\cite{eudetweb} is a project supported by the European Union in the Sixth Framework Programme structuring the European Research Area~\cite{CORDIS}. The project is an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (I3) which aims to create a coordinated European effort towards research and developm...

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\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{dentification} of anatomical reference points and landmarks is a prerequisite for numerous medical image analysis tasks\cite{rohr2001landmark}. These include image registration \cite{miao2012automatic, murphy2011semi, wang2018fast, han_robust_2014, alam2018medical}, initializati...

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\section*{Introduction} A fullerene is a spherically shaped molecule consisting of carbon atoms in which every carbon ring forms a pentagon or a hexagon \cite{Fowl95,Schw15}. Every atom of a fullerene has bonds with exactly three neighboring atoms. Fullerenes are the subject of intense research in chemistry and t...

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BkiUddg5qhLBXQtDHM5m

\section{Introduction} There has been a considerable development of methods for smooth estimation of density and distribution functions, following the introduction of several kernel smoothing by \cite{Ros56} and the further advances made on kernel method by \cite{Par62}. {We advise the reader to see the paper of~\cite{...

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BkiUeJk25YjgKNDlWMnH

\section{Introduction} The Higgs sector in the Standard Model (SM) receives large quadratic mass corrections from top and gauge boson loop diagrams. New symmetries involving top-Higgs and gauge-Higgs sectors below 1 TeV are proposed to remove the corrections. Important new physics candidate is the Minimal Supersymmetr...

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\section{Introduction} The formation and evolution of galaxies in the Universe is now being observed to redshifts z $\sim$ 8 \citep[e.g.][]{bou09,ouc09} using photometric imaging to wavelengths $\sim$ 1 \um in search of "Lyman Break Galaxies" (LBGs; Steidel et al. 1999). These observations reveal the rest frame ultr...

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\section{Introduction} Chemical analysis at trace levels is crucial in various fields such as food safety screening, \cite{wang2021emerging,choi2019emerging} environmental pollutant monitoring, \cite{wong2021nanozymes,zhu2018fluorescent} clinical forensics, \cite{sauvage2006screening,steuer2019metabolomic} and biologi...

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\section{Introduction} The introduction of CCD detectors to photometric studies of open clusters has led to significant improvements in the accuracy and precision of data for faint cluster stars observed previously via photoelectric or photographic techniques. The tradeoff is a low efficiency and associated steep wavel...

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\section{Introduction} Resolvent estimates for Schr\"odinger operators play a decisive role in numerous areas in spectral and scattering theory, as well as partial differential equations. In particular, resolvent estimates which are uniform in the spectral parameter are intimately connected with dispersive and smooth...

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\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The Quasi-Newton method is the most effective optimization algorithm when the objective function is non-linear, twice continuously differentiable and involves a large number of variables. In this method, we approximate the inverse-Hessian using gradient information iteratively. If...

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\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to study the existence, global convergence and geometric properties of gradient flows with respect to a specific class of Hessian Riemannian metrics on convex sets. Our work is indeed deeply related to the constrained minimization problem $$ \min \{f(x)\mid x\in \over...

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BkiUd3E5qoTBB2nxJLAl

\section{Basic cosmological framework}\label{BASIC} The general framework for present cosmological work is set by three observational results. The perfect Planckian shape of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum as observed with the COBE satellite (Mather et al. 1990) clearly shows that the Universe must have...

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\section{Introduction} Study of radiation-matter interaction, in two level quantum mechanical systems have lead to several fascinating phenomena like the Autler-Townes doublet \cite{Aut55}, vacuum Rabi splitting \cite{Aga84,Tho92, Khi06}, antibunching and squeezing \cite{Gar86,Car87,Vya92}. In particular, interaction ...

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\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider the tensor product of two graded algebras, with multiplication twisted by a bicharacter. When the two factors are augmented, Bergh and Oppermann~\cite{BO} completely described the Ext algebra as a twisted tensor product of the Ext algebras of the factors. Hochschild...

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3.011315

[ 1.2848098278045654 ]

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[ -5.66796875, -1.80078125, -2.349609375, -1.08203125, 3.521484375, 4.0390625 ]

BkiUdKzxK6Ot9WA5hefz

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \input{tex/intro} \input{tex/notation} \section{Related Work} \label{sec:related} \input{tex/related} \section{Background and Formulation} \label{sec:background} \input{tex/background} \section{Design and Optimization} \label{sec:impl} \input{tex/impl} \section{Model Valid...

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31.131296

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[ -1.830078125, 4.140625, -1.96484375, 2.232421875 ]

1,099

12,985

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27.192245

[ -6.328125, -3.97265625, -3.705078125, -1.728515625, 2.02734375, 11.171875 ]

0.521439

22.818183

13.877551

2.341464

[ 1.46903657913208 ]

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6.424567

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[ -5.79296875, -2.0078125, -2.69921875, -1.931640625, 3.498046875, 5.421875 ]

BkiUd1E5qsMAIzZBdsn6

\section{Proofs} We give the proofs of the main theorems discussed above and some preliminary ones. Some of them are also discussed in \citep{NU17} with details. We set some notations which only appear in the proof section. \begin{enumerate} \item Let us denote some $\sigma$-fields such that $\mathcal{G}_t:=\sigma(...

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[ -2.6953125, 2.384765625 ]

17.769131

[ -4.16796875, 0.432861328125, -2.095703125, -6.421875, -0.6279296875, 8.796875 ]

[ -0.64306640625, 6.27734375, -1.333984375, 2.609375 ]

1,414

13,212

[ -3.333984375, 3.525390625 ]

47.615047

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0.756822

6.489145

24.772934

8.399982

[ 1.0852744579315186 ]

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10.120875

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6.52749

[ -2.08984375, -3.427734375, -4.3984375, -6.06640625, 2.478515625, 13.3125 ]

[ -5.07421875, -0.62939453125, -1.63671875, -0.88720703125, 2.748046875, 2.173828125 ]

BkiUdbA5qhLBWAiyVCvb

\section{Introduction} Let $d\in\mathbb{N}$ and $(\mathbb{S}^{d-1},\sigma_{d-1})$ denote the $(d-1)$-dimensional unit sphere equipped with the standard surface measure $\sigma_{d-1}$. We omit the subscript on $\sigma_{d-1}$ when clear from the context and denote the total surface measure of this unit sphere by \begin{e...

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[ 3.333984375, 9.2109375, -0.13623046875, 5.3828125 ]

616

8,954

[ -3.47265625, 3.685546875 ]

41.528289

[ -5.265625, -3.65234375, -4.43359375, -2.4765625, 1.5576171875, 12.15625 ]

0.553539

19.59129

21.565781

5.096635

[ 1.5407627820968628 ]

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5.568573

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6.245169

[ -1.6904296875, -3.3671875, -4.265625, -5.828125, 2.005859375, 13.2734375 ]

[ -5.90234375, -2.125, -2.607421875, -1.837890625, 3.759765625, 4.9140625 ]

BkiUczvxK3YB9i3RKhUS

\section*{Acknowledgments}} \newcommand{\color{red}}{\color{red}} \usepackage[ colorlinks=true, linkcolor=blue, citecolor=blue, filecolor=blue, urlcolor=blue]{hyperref} \usepackage{sidecap} \sidecaptionvpos{figure}{t} \begin{document} \title{Nonlinear dispersive waves in repulsive lattices} \author{A.~Mehrem} \affi...

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[ -0.7998046875, 2.654296875, -2.826171875, 0.2333984375 ]

396

6,379

[ -2.7734375, 3.091796875 ]

22.899209

[ -6.12109375, -3.6875, -4.53125, -2.8828125, 1.75390625, 12.7421875 ]

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5.782254

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[ -5.57421875, -2.109375, -2.25, -1.1435546875, 3.46875, 4.93359375 ]

BkiUbZjxK5YsWR0Kh47-

\section{Introduction} Distributed algorithms for learning, inference, modeling, and optimization by networked agents are prevalent in many domains and applicable to a wide range of problems \cite{Sayed14PROC, Sayed14NOW, Dimakis10PROC, Saber07Pro}. Among the various classes of algorithms, techniques that are based on ...

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15.890084

[ -2.693359375, 0.96533203125, -2.5, -6.25, -1.2529296875, 9.1796875 ]

[ 3.53125, 8.296875, 1.7900390625, 7.484375 ]

599

14,689

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31.016812

[ -6.49609375, -5.0625, -5.44140625, -2.275390625, 2.7109375, 13.765625 ]

0.319708

12.609915

17.251004

1.540153

[ 1.998515248298645 ]

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7.239907

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6.408677

[ -2.578125, -3.56640625, -3.7421875, -4.8515625, 2.580078125, 11.9296875 ]

[ -5.6484375, -2.75, -2.75390625, -2.23046875, 4.16015625, 6.203125 ]

BkiUa5U4ubnjoqNEqD9W

\section{Introduction} Our Solar System is currently immersed in a warm, partially ionized, diffuse interstellar medium (DISM), called the local interstellar cloud (LIC), consisting of gas and dust. The motion of the Sun relative to the LIC results in a unidirectional wind of the LIC materials toward the Sun and the f...

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71.747212

[ -2.955078125, 1.33203125, -1.3857421875, -5.70703125, -0.64306640625, 7.125 ]

[ 3.55859375, 6.57421875, 4.98046875, 6.95703125 ]

205

4,696

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23.706074

[ -5.5859375, -2.771484375, -2.763671875, -2.009765625, 1.1572265625, 9.8984375 ]

1.036381

16.811917

24.126917

2.086623

[ 3.195216178894043 ]

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5.958688

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[ -5.31640625, -1.8056640625, -2.0078125, -1.6640625, 3.107421875, 4.6796875 ]

BkiUd1U25V5jB4AVSE0P

\section{Contributors} \title{\bf The Whole is Greater than the Sum of the Parts: \\ Optimizing the Joint Science Return from LSST, Euclid and WFIRST} \maketitle \begin{quote} {B.~Jain,\footnote{bjain@physics.upenn.edu} D.~Spergel,\footnote{dns@astro.princeton.edu} R.~Bean, A.~Connolly, I.~Dell'antonio, J.~Frieman, E...

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[ -0.262939453125, 0.6845703125 ]

51.432469

[ -3.279296875, 0.1634521484375, -0.9111328125, -4.1015625, 0.25244140625, 5.60546875 ]

[ 3.529296875, 5.41015625, 2.306640625, 6.18359375 ]

746

14,493

[ -1.515625, 1.3798828125 ]

20.503824

[ -4.734375, -1.044921875, -1.5302734375, -1.0263671875, 0.34033203125, 6.359375 ]

1.302735

28.524364

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[ 1.4136536121368408 ]

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[ -6.078125, -2.59765625, -1.990234375, -1.369140625, 3.888671875, 5.4765625 ]

BkiUcunxK4tBVhat3gJO

\section{Introduction} Although the vector Coulomb potential does not hold relativistic bound-state solutions, its screened version ($\sim e^{-|x|/\lambda }$) is a genuine binding potential and its solutions have been found for fermions.\cite{ada} The problem has also been analyzed for scalar\cite{DIRACscalarscreened}...

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[ -2.54296875, 2.349609375 ]

18.584071

[ -6.328125, -4.4609375, -3.6484375, -9.4140625, 1.078125, 14.5 ]

[ 1.7197265625, 8.6640625, 0.9130859375, 4.140625 ]

43

1,286

[ -3.599609375, 4.25390625 ]

33.500511

[ -5.30078125, -4.3359375, -3.046875, -1.220703125, 2.12109375, 8.8828125 ]

1.294807

15.633067

39.813375

2.848663

[ 1.7084150314331055 ]

-9,360.083527

5.705288

-13,885.625425

0.708737

5.492583

[ -2.357421875, -3.50390625, -4.21875, -5.39453125, 2.353515625, 11.953125 ]

[ -5.66796875, -3.33203125, -2.623046875, -1.611328125, 3.7734375, 5.60546875 ]

BkiUalHxK7DgtAAQGwWA

\section{Introduction} For an axisymmetric and stationary Einstein-Maxwell black hole with angular momentum $J$ and charge $Q$, Marcus Ansorg and Jorg Hennig\cite{ansorg}\cite{ansorg2} proved the universal relation \be A^{+}A^{-}=(8\pi J)^{2}+(4\pi Q^{2})^{2}, \ee where $A^{+}$ and $A^{-}$ denote the areas of the eve...

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[ -2.958984375, 2.677734375 ]

34.591195

[ -2.435546875, 0.51953125, -2.033203125, -6.2578125, -1.1181640625, 8.4140625 ]

[ 3.669921875, 10.25, 3.380859375, 6.97265625 ]

127

1,795

[ -3.568359375, 4.22265625 ]

34.395205

[ -6.09765625, -4.25390625, -4.3671875, -2.310546875, 1.927734375, 12.234375 ]

3.477051

19.116129

31.420613

3.494039

[ 1.771864891052246 ]

-14,977.615899

5.607799

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2.364395

5.361869

[ -2.26171875, -3.521484375, -3.857421875, -5.16796875, 2.34765625, 12.6015625 ]

[ -5.41015625, -2.263671875, -2.841796875, -1.8505859375, 3.63671875, 5.13671875 ]

BkiUd4c4uzlh5TJwJHWa

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Throughout the paper, an embedded graph will mean one embedded in $R^3$. A graph is {\em intrinsically knotted\/} if every embedding contains a non-trivially knotted cycle. Conway and Gordon \cite{CG} showed that $K_7$, the complete graph with seven vertices, is an intrinsicall...

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[ -1.9765625, 1.822265625 ]

57.313433

[ -2.33984375, 1.71875, -2.193359375, -5.671875, -1.822265625, 8.1484375 ]

[ 2.03515625, 7.578125, 2.64453125, 6.45703125 ]

318

5,470

[ -3.333984375, 4.05859375 ]

36.602566

[ -5.06640625, -2.69140625, -3.865234375, -2.126953125, 1.1767578125, 10.59375 ]

2.837781

16.866522

13.601463

5.087836

[ 2.871361494064331 ]

-30,170.993602

4.316271

-42,433.573159

1.575604

5.380306

[ -2.1328125, -2.666015625, -2.96484375, -4.53515625, 1.9326171875, 10.328125 ]

[ -5.8828125, -1.763671875, -2.02734375, -1.365234375, 3.515625, 4.7265625 ]

BkiUak3xK2li-F6JwYSJ

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \vspace*{-0.3em} Like for any subfield of machine learning, the existence of standardized benchmarks has played a crucial role in the progress we have observed over the past few years in meta-learning research. They make the evaluation of existing methods easier and fair,...

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[ -2.208984375, 2.33203125 ]

25.482625

[ -2.873046875, 1.4560546875, -1.7353515625, -5.1640625, -1.353515625, 7.11328125 ]

[ 4.671875, 6.89453125, 1.4833984375, 8.09375 ]

253

2,965

[ -2.103515625, 2.05078125 ]

30.385243

[ -5.7578125, -3.09375, -3.533203125, -1.52734375, 1.73828125, 9.6015625 ]

0.630701

18.689231

29.106239

3.673221

[ 1.6935787200927734 ]

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6.951771

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0.329905

5.892584

[ -2.900390625, -3.412109375, -3.20703125, -3.978515625, 2.6796875, 10.3984375 ]

[ -5.5390625, -2.5546875, -2.90625, -2.439453125, 3.8125, 6.5859375 ]

BkiUd3U5qoTBG9o64jwL

\section{Introduction} The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) consists of four imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes situated in the Khomas Highland of Namibia \citep{hess_define}. The H.E.S.S. Collaboration has been surveying the Galactic plane for new very high energy (VHE, $>$100\,GeV) gamma-ray sources. ...

-14,891.935638

[ -3.09765625, 2.890625 ]

49.66443

[ -3.328125, 0.154296875, -1.7353515625, -5.6640625, -0.580078125, 8.3671875 ]

[ 2.22265625, 6.5625, 4.52734375, 4.0625 ]

282

3,641

[ -3.111328125, 3.51953125 ]

27.251338

[ -5.67578125, -2.197265625, -2.310546875, -1.6962890625, 0.89453125, 9.1875 ]

1.765291

28.339074

31.960461

3.452445

[ 2.3294248580932617 ]

-11,777.75992

5.523208

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0.447539

5.903014

[ -3.890625, -3.560546875, -3.087890625, -3.546875, 2.615234375, 10.5625 ]

[ -6.97265625, -2.955078125, -3.00390625, -2.234375, 4.34375, 6.7578125 ]

BkiUc_s5qsBC-ZU-Hmyc

\section{Introduction} We consider infinite number of point particles of unit masses on $\mathbb{R}$ with formal Hamiltonian \[ H(q,p)=\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}\frac{p_{k}^{2}}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\sum_{k,j}a(k-j)q_{k}q_{j},\quad p_{k},q_{k}\in\mathbb{R} \] where $q_{k}=x_{k}-k\delta$ denotes displacement of the particle with ...

-50,250.109231

[ -2.759765625, 2.47265625 ]

20.427236

[ -3.16015625, 0.1910400390625, -2.17578125, -6.953125, -0.591796875, 9.578125 ]

[ 1.31640625, 8.203125, -0.10986328125, 4.21875 ]

242

3,099

[ -3.52734375, 3.98828125 ]

38.824412

[ -5.72265625, -3.900390625, -4.375, -2.5390625, 1.7890625, 12.0234375 ]

0.56487

7.878318

30.816392

3.699936

[ 1.6094152927398682 ]

-31,680.231496

7.140691

-50,192.941655

0.65073

5.893541

[ -2.142578125, -3.58203125, -3.849609375, -5.40625, 2.181640625, 12.765625 ]

[ -5.5078125, -1.6376953125, -2.203125, -1.1650390625, 3.45703125, 3.75390625 ]

BkiUeArxK6wB9mn4_v06

\section{Introduction} Measurements of the $B$-mode (curl component) polarization of the CMB provide a unique opportunity to detect the imprint of the primordial gravitational waves predicted by the inflationary paradigm. The amplitude of these tensor perturbations measures the energy scale of inflation and its potenti...

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[ -2.951171875, 2.7890625 ]

24.822695

[ -3.208984375, 0.08441162109375, -2.2265625, -6.47265625, -1.24609375, 9.0078125 ]

[ 5.04296875, 8.90625, 3.90234375, 6.98828125 ]

335

4,888

[ -2.705078125, 2.8046875 ]

25.441027

[ -6.49609375, -4.859375, -4.83203125, -2.7890625, 1.87890625, 13.3359375 ]

1.530462

13.826501

23.158756

3.310421

[ 1.9697211980819702 ]

-16,099.093901

5.547463

-21,408.820522

0.774451

5.777079

[ -3.09765625, -3.84375, -3.357421875, -4.38671875, 2.400390625, 11.6640625 ]

[ -5.703125, -2.869140625, -2.853515625, -2.203125, 3.736328125, 6.3203125 ]

BkiUairxK6wB9mpbzooS

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} A string $P$ is said to have a {\em jumbled} occurrence in string $T$ if $P$ can be rearranged so that it appears in $T$. In other words, if $T$ contains a substring of length $|P|$ where each letter of the alphabet occurs the same number of times as in $P$. In indexing ...

-18,915.357458

[ -2.375, 2.26171875 ]

76.923077

[ -2.763671875, 0.54736328125, -1.8740234375, -6.0625, -0.66796875, 8.03125 ]

[ 1.0810546875, 6.66796875, 1.2451171875, 5.890625 ]

148

2,574

[ -3.162109375, 3.939453125 ]

31.346255

[ -5.42578125, -3.46484375, -3.30859375, -1.708984375, 1.796875, 10.46875 ]

2.386135

46.904897

24.436674

1.374293

[ 2.8855056762695312 ]

-13,194.855935

4.640249

-18,892.732223

3.315472

5.51299

[ -2.328125, -2.958984375, -3.046875, -4.5390625, 2.306640625, 10.7734375 ]

[ -5.77734375, -2.1796875, -1.921875, -1.4931640625, 3.693359375, 4.8515625 ]

BkiUdYU25YjgKOpQ6oY3

\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In his commentary on the classic paper by Chandrasekhar \& M\"{u}nch (1952) on brightness fluctuations in the Milky Way, Scalo (1999) presented an insightful discussion of a dichotomy in our perception of the structure of the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy. On ...

-73,613.720015

[ -3.24609375, 3.060546875 ]

13.48

[ -3.099609375, 0.5048828125, -1.7294921875, -5.87890625, -0.18359375, 7.5546875 ]

[ 4.43359375, 7.01171875, 1.8349609375, 5.7734375 ]

2,396

21,120

[ -3.5234375, 4.1796875 ]

32.20868

[ -5.7265625, -3.3359375, -4.171875, -2.470703125, 1.3046875, 12.046875 ]

1.311305

9.211663

18.181818

10.933277

[ 2.131664514541626 ]

-48,901.210412

5.542566

-71,593.664066

0.205025

6.458643

[ -3.21875, -3.74609375, -2.853515625, -3.755859375, 2.55078125, 10.453125 ]

[ -5.484375, -2.208984375, -2.1171875, -1.119140625, 3.52734375, 4.453125 ]

BkiUdso25V5jCst-SORs

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Finding planetary systems similar to our own is one of the main goals of exoplanet search. It is of particular interest if such systems show planetary transits, since multiple transiting planetary systems provide crucial information for the understanding of planet formation a...

-29,329.927157

[ -2.6796875, 2.69140625 ]

31.077471

[ -3.15625, 0.338623046875, -1.4912109375, -4.9765625, -0.845703125, 6.94140625 ]

[ 3.5625, 5.7578125, 3.19140625, 6.3046875 ]

572

6,263

[ -3.08984375, 3.419921875 ]

35.359515

[ -5.48046875, -2.11328125, -2.21875, -1.8779296875, 0.45751953125, 8.765625 ]

1.590877

14.338942

26.99984

7.251363

[ 2.481536865234375 ]

-19,540.118615

5.670605

-28,357.343368

1.931578

6.169642

[ -3.673828125, -3.4375, -2.599609375, -3.46875, 2.46875, 9.6171875 ]

[ -6.40625, -2.32421875, -2.244140625, -1.2294921875, 3.474609375, 4.8515625 ]

BkiUatDxK4sA-9F9iLym

\section{INTRODUCTION} One of the main differences between a classical and a quantum theory is that, in a quantum theory classical forbidden phenomena might happen such as tunneling and quantum entanglement, the later first studied in 1935 by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen \tcolor{\cite{EPR}}. Suppose we have two entang...

-28,865.602973

[ -2.083984375, 1.9521484375 ]

28.701595

[ -2.9609375, 1.23828125, -1.6435546875, -5.48828125, -1.1103515625, 7.25 ]

[ 2.951171875, 7.65625, 2.658203125, 6.8359375 ]

233

2,707

[ -3.1953125, 3.53515625 ]

33.390133

[ -5.75, -3.833984375, -3.5703125, -1.8349609375, 1.794921875, 10.4453125 ]

0.758106

23.966182

28.112301

7.669403

[ 3.1365323066711426 ]

-18,641.742705

6.334688

-28,599.484269

1.108001

5.747906

[ -2.728515625, -3.49609375, -3.705078125, -4.8203125, 2.248046875, 11.875 ]

[ -5.44140625, -2.013671875, -2.541015625, -1.6064453125, 3.337890625, 4.57421875 ]

BkiUebXxK6Ot9V_E5ERu

\section{Introduction}\label{s1} First we consider the evolution equation \begin{equation}\label{11} \begin{cases} U'(t)=AU(t)+k(t)BU(t-\tau)\qtq{in}(0,\infty),\\ U(0)=U_0,\\ BU(t-\tau)=f(t)\qtq{for}t\in(0,\tau), \end{cases} \end{equation} where $A$ generates an exponentially stable semigroup $(S(t))_{t\ge 0}$ in a Hi...

-64,941.442906

[ -2.98046875, 2.54296875 ]

24.439701

[ -3.111328125, 1.1435546875, -2.3203125, -6.375, -1.1796875, 8.7109375 ]

[ 2.03125, 7.8671875, -1.2314453125, 4.26171875 ]

200

4,839

[ -3.4609375, 4.0234375 ]

37.516698

[ -5.67578125, -3.908203125, -4.5546875, -2.541015625, 1.927734375, 12.09375 ]

0.535461

12.703305

25.356479

4.022144

[ 1.3290079832077026 ]

-41,612.365423

5.982021

-64,499.780644

1.243652

6.13121

[ -1.9521484375, -3.3984375, -4.1875, -5.78125, 2.12890625, 13.0625 ]

[ -5.62109375, -1.634765625, -2.376953125, -1.595703125, 3.423828125, 4.25390625 ]

BkiUeH04dbghfPG8YJBu

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been attracting attention as a method of directly integrating acoustic models (AMs) and language models (LMs) because of the simple training and efficient decoding procedures. In recent years, various models have been stud...

-20,955.600698

[ -2.685546875, 2.513671875 ]

55.45977

[ -3.552734375, 0.1600341796875, -1.9814453125, -5.9296875, -0.60302734375, 8.3515625 ]

[ 2.45703125, 7.30859375, 0.498046875, 6.10546875 ]

203

3,148

[ -1.8564453125, 2.13671875 ]

28.149528

[ -6.16796875, -4.1640625, -4.15625, -1.6826171875, 2.44921875, 11.640625 ]

0.946151

23.304098

29.415502

2.454243

[ 1.7186789512634277 ]

-14,534.731053

5.875476

-20,623.344815

0.832612

5.825098

[ -2.859375, -3.52734375, -3.623046875, -4.62109375, 2.56640625, 11.7578125 ]

[ -5.6875, -1.779296875, -1.953125, -1.6103515625, 3.375, 4.56640625 ]

BkiUdJXxK6nrxl9bNU3t

\section{Introduction} Let us consider a finite spherical polyhedron, $P$, and a palette of four colours, $\{W,R,G,B\}$. We will call a good colouring of $P$ any map which associates one of these colours to each face of $P$ in such a way that any two adjacent faces carry distinct colours. The four-colour theorem \cite...

-41,243.744965

[ -2.875, 2.642578125 ]

37.528868

[ -2.50390625, 0.69189453125, -1.8740234375, -5.078125, -0.8525390625, 8.1796875 ]

[ 4.390625, 7.58984375, 2.00390625, 6.6328125 ]

137

3,949

[ -2.837890625, 3.439453125 ]

39.418112

[ -4.625, -3.16015625, -4.56640625, -2.41796875, 1.119140625, 11.3203125 ]

0.741152

31.482234

29.095974

3.357717

[ 2.3918845653533936 ]

-26,556.608826

5.4667

-40,951.61805

0.560497

6.051275

[ -1.6025390625, -2.951171875, -3.53515625, -5.140625, 1.84765625, 11.8046875 ]

[ -5.2421875, -1.1728515625, -1.7529296875, -0.8349609375, 3.078125, 3.15234375 ]

BkiUaV7xK0fkXPSOneXZ

\section{INTRODUCTION} The 22~GHz H$_2$O maser emission line is of great astrophysical interest for its extreme requirements for density ($>$10$^{7}$~cm$^{-3}$), temperature ($>$300~K), and of course radial velocity coherence. It is detected in both Galactic and extragalactic star forming regions as well as in the c...

-19,351.313698

[ -2.890625, 2.71875 ]

31.754161

[ -2.8515625, 0.62060546875, -1.701171875, -5.6640625, -0.87060546875, 8.09375 ]

[ 3.400390625, 6.96484375, 4.28125, 4.91015625 ]

343

5,308

[ -3.015625, 3.541015625 ]

26.788676

[ -5.85546875, -3.3203125, -3.20703125, -2.103515625, 1.25390625, 10.734375 ]

0.979694

11.551425

26.752072

4.447938

[ 2.2155957221984863 ]

-14,844.877135

5.288244

-18,888.816842

0.32419

6.097976

[ -3.3984375, -3.580078125, -2.58203125, -3.482421875, 2.544921875, 9.8125 ]

[ -5.78125, -2.326171875, -2.119140625, -1.2646484375, 3.3984375, 4.8828125 ]

BkiUfDnxK6nrxq6DpSrb

\section{ Introduction} The electrooptical response of liquid crystals (LCs) mostly depends on the birefringence, dielectric, elastic properties, and the rotational viscosity~\cite{de,ch,deju,blinov}. Depending upon the applications, a set of desired physical properties is required. Since all the desired propertie...

-12,544.847621

[ -3.177734375, 3 ]

42.307692

[ -3.099609375, 0.494140625, -2.041015625, -5.3125, -0.71142578125, 8.1640625 ]

[ 3.12109375, 7.0859375, 2.904296875, 5.9921875 ]

147

2,011

[ -2.474609375, 2.5078125 ]

26.902827

[ -5.890625, -3.20703125, -3.0390625, -2.216796875, 1.5380859375, 10.375 ]

1.673676

24.694369

30.183988

6.294977

[ 2.4068126678466797 ]

-10,088.64009

5.793635

-12,157.79137

0.7553

5.413458

[ -3.2890625, -3.73828125, -3.60546875, -4.36328125, 2.57421875, 11.5078125 ]

[ -5.55859375, -1.876953125, -2.1953125, -1.61328125, 3.384765625, 4.890625 ]

BkiUfvnxK3YB9ohkPj9J

\section{Introduction} Stress Mirror Polishing (SMP) is a manufacturing method allowing to obtain the required shape of optical surfaces using deformation and elasticity properties of materials. In this approach, the mirror is deformed from a sphere, as we want to obtain a quasi parabola, to the desired inverse-shape, ...

-29,238.165909

[ -3.1484375, 2.87890625 ]

32.108626

[ -3.931640625, -0.429443359375, -1.783203125, -5.0625, 0.407958984375, 7.42578125 ]

[ 4.78515625, 6.734375, 3.67578125, 6.05859375 ]

431

5,734

[ -1.5966796875, 1.5302734375 ]

27.615541

[ -5.55078125, -3.095703125, -2.94140625, -1.43359375, 1.8115234375, 9.2265625 ]

0.647979

25.510425

27.520056

7.368135

[ 2.529520273208618 ]

-19,491.024146

6.190269

-28,411.048738

0.526835

6.209481

[ -3.248046875, -3.685546875, -3.123046875, -3.935546875, 2.693359375, 10.6796875 ]

[ -5.625, -2.01953125, -2.384765625, -1.4365234375, 3.95703125, 4.98046875 ]

BkiUdvc4eIOjR_CK1Z2j

\section{Introduction} Access points mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being proposed as a potential solution to data demand and congestion issues that are expected to arise in next-generation wireless networks \cite{Zeng_20162}. The benefit of these UAV networks compared to existing static infrastructure ...

-25,145.797606

[ -3.4453125, 3.166015625 ]

42.618384

[ -3.79296875, 0.3740234375, -1.75, -5.96484375, -0.482421875, 7.9453125 ]

[ 2.5703125, 6.90234375, 2.814453125, 5.87890625 ]

163

3,874

[ -2.74609375, 3.2421875 ]

28.137922

[ -6.58203125, -4.63671875, -4.33203125, -1.97265625, 2.67578125, 11.796875 ]

0.798297

34.548296

25.838926

3.956801

[ 2.8902955055236816 ]

-16,746.370514

5.820341

-24,780.471704

0.864822

5.716486

[ -3.017578125, -3.583984375, -3.62109375, -4.63671875, 2.716796875, 11.4296875 ]

[ -5.8671875, -3.0234375, -2.9921875, -2.759765625, 4.0546875, 6.78515625 ]

BkiUdQY4ubnhAvmH63ED

\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} \noindent In the last few years, nonlocal operators have taken increasing relevance, because they arise in a number of applications, in such fields as game theory, finance, image processing, and optimization, see \cite{A, BV, LC, RO} and the references therein. \\ The main reason i...

-75,131.084411

[ -2.572265625, 2.306640625 ]

25.925926

[ -2.890625, 0.81298828125, -2.265625, -5.98828125, -1.28125, 8.859375 ]

[ 3.16796875, 8.25, 0.305908203125, 4.78125 ]

385

7,869

[ -3.435546875, 3.849609375 ]

37.299984

[ -5.7734375, -4.36328125, -5.3984375, -2.65234375, 2.046875, 13.65625 ]

0.915467

12.79334

20.968357

2.130184

[ 2.217440605163574 ]

-43,613.658537

5.163934

-74,953.659697

0.930233

6.048956

[ -1.884765625, -3.501953125, -3.96875, -5.4921875, 2.0625, 12.90625 ]

[ -5.90625, -1.6982421875, -1.9619140625, -0.79833984375, 3.466796875, 3.58984375 ]

BkiUddU5qsBB3YgznBVN

\section{Introduction} Let $f = u+iv$ be a continuous complex-valued harmonic mapping in the open unit disk $E = \{z: |z|<1\}$, where both $u$ and $v$ are real-valued harmonic functions in $E$. Such a mapping can be decomposed into two parts and can be expressed as $f=h+\overline g$. Here $h$ is known as the analyt...

-67,687.513903

[ -2.728515625, 2.3515625 ]

12.407407

[ -4.2734375, -0.250244140625, -2.48828125, -6.39453125, 0.0955810546875, 9.515625 ]

[ 1.8095703125, 8.8125, -1.3994140625, 4.18359375 ]

193

2,741

[ -3.3828125, 3.763671875 ]

46.553715

[ -5.2265625, -3.322265625, -3.58984375, -2.2265625, 1.41796875, 10.4140625 ]

2.629401

9.089067

31.667275

11.613868

[ 1.5575661659240723 ]

-43,503.884876

7.492521

-66,830.291287

1.97205

5.866434

[ -2.462890625, -3.154296875, -3.7734375, -5.3984375, 2.18359375, 12.390625 ]

[ -5.33203125, -1.189453125, -1.5751953125, -0.7763671875, 2.8515625, 2.716796875 ]

BkiUdiY4eIfiUYvU09Vw

\section{Introduction} The precision data collected to date have confirmed the Standard Model to be a good description of physics below the electroweak scale \cite{Schaile}. Despite of its great success, there are many reasons to believe that some kind of new physics must exist. On the other hand, the non-abelian st...

-22,764.740163

[ -2.75390625, 2.57421875 ]

21.393035

[ -2.984375, 0.8974609375, -1.77734375, -5.45703125, -0.62890625, 7.3515625 ]

[ 1.64453125, 6.82421875, 2.853515625, 4.43359375 ]

260

3,403

[ -2.248046875, 2.552734375 ]

31.68668

[ -5.90234375, -3.78515625, -3.884765625, -2.376953125, 1.6025390625, 11.3046875 ]

0.784135

12.189906

33.588011

10.039892

[ 2.596883773803711 ]

-15,589.128001

5.808698

-22,298.481355

1.456974

6.004329

[ -2.693359375, -3.462890625, -3.5546875, -4.58203125, 2.080078125, 11.6796875 ]

[ -4.9921875, -1.396484375, -1.7060546875, -0.79052734375, 2.87109375, 3.564453125 ]

BkiUdqc4eIOjRvCHtF0k

\section{Introduction} Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) are believed to be the result of a thermonuclear runaway explosion of a C/O white dwarf (WD) approaching the Chandrasekhar limit (see \citealt{hillebrandt00} for a review). Explosive nucleosynthesis up to \hbox{$^{56}$Ni } releases $\sim 10^{51}{\rm ~erg}$, unbinding ...

-48,467.919682

[ -3.2109375, 2.87890625 ]

60.56338

[ -3.71875, -0.2318115234375, -2.2890625, -6.78125, -0.53955078125, 9.2421875 ]

[ 4.6484375, 7.9140625, 4.2890625, 5.66015625 ]

854

13,159

[ -2.9609375, 3.275390625 ]

26.566632

[ -6.0234375, -3.396484375, -3.578125, -2.322265625, 1.45703125, 11.4609375 ]

0.923613

34.460668

16.490615

3.785888

[ 2.6529011726379395 ]

-35,478.675658

5.018998

-47,693.022479

0.605648

6.024181

[ -3.591796875, -3.7890625, -3.328125, -4.0546875, 2.5703125, 10.9921875 ]

[ -6.11328125, -2.693359375, -2.654296875, -2.1484375, 3.9375, 6.2734375 ]

BkiUdOk5qWTA8xMZTlnM

\section{Introduction} As superconducting qubit technology grows beyond one dimensional chains of nearest neighbor coupled qubits \cite{barends2014superconducting}, arbitrarily sized two dimensional arrays are a likely next step towards both surface code error correction and more complex high fidelity quantum circuits...

-11,395.699455

[ -3.0859375, 2.908203125 ]

60

[ -2.5078125, 0.5302734375, -2.1875, -5.7578125, -0.58349609375, 8.515625 ]

[ 3.205078125, 7.9375, 2.359375, 6.0859375 ]

168

3,152

[ -2.0546875, 2.056640625 ]

22.168828

[ -5.921875, -2.794921875, -3.248046875, -2.501953125, 1.486328125, 10.90625 ]

0.820507

35.505184

30.425127

1.547056

[ 2.6938600540161133 ]

-9,955.341709

5.606599

-11,190.32913

1.267542

5.894451

[ -3.2421875, -3.99609375, -3.7890625, -4.58984375, 2.630859375, 12.046875 ]

[ -5.26171875, -1.6767578125, -2.15234375, -1.837890625, 3.44921875, 4.89453125 ]

BkiUe7a6NNjgBtyghHQJ

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} \subsection{Overview} \label{sec:Overview} Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are structurally fundamental quantities associated with matrices and are widely studied throughout mathematics, statistics, and engineering disciplines. For example, given an observed graph, the eigenvalues ...

-69,306.471974

[ -2.95703125, 2.65625 ]

26.210153

[ -2.1640625, 1.0107421875, -2.12890625, -6.38671875, -1.5712890625, 8.8984375 ]

[ 2.875, 7.68359375, 2.546875, 7.90625 ]

391

7,851

[ -3.5234375, 4.0234375 ]

32.795969

[ -5.81640625, -4.46484375, -5.2890625, -2.509765625, 2.109375, 13.5859375 ]

0.571821

9.616639

23.32187

3.490469

[ 2.2712366580963135 ]

-38,723.230364

6.125589

-68,905.805964

0.513599

6.263185

[ -1.82421875, -3.544921875, -4.05078125, -5.26171875, 2.212890625, 12.4296875 ]

[ -5.61328125, -2.830078125, -2.517578125, -1.9921875, 4.2265625, 6.046875 ]

BkiUdtY5qsBDCrvnORH5

\section{Introduction} Online social media systems are places where people talk about everything, sharing their take or their opinions about noteworthy events. Not surprisingly, sentiment analysis has become an extremely popular tool in several analytic domains, but especially on social media data. The number of poss...

-44,939.987247

[ -1.5205078125, 1.7470703125 ]

50.691244

[ -2.798828125, 0.417236328125, -2.2578125, -5.234375, -0.375732421875, 8.0703125 ]

[ 2.970703125, 4.62890625, 1.54296875, 5.9609375 ]

1,004

8,592

[ -2, 1.939453125 ]

45.795789

[ -6.59375, -4.50390625, -4.78125, -1.8271484375, 2.90625, 13.1875 ]

0.462042

38.793616

25.619835

10.812924

[ 2.3270785808563232 ]

-31,438.565642

5.793645

-44,420.306432

0.77141

6.3275

[ -3.26953125, -3.57421875, -2.900390625, -3.8203125, 2.89453125, 10.421875 ]

[ -6.234375, -3.45703125, -2.681640625, -1.9375, 4.421875, 7.1796875 ]

BkiUeILxK4sA-5fmyDe0

\section{Introduction} Recent observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) \cite{sn} indicate that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating at the present time. These results, when combined with the observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) \cite{wmap} and large scale structure (LSS) \cite{sdss}, strongly ...

-29,366.940511

[ -2.6796875, 2.609375 ]

22.402597

[ -3.08203125, 0.396484375, -2.03515625, -5.9765625, -0.55419921875, 8.3984375 ]

[ 3.732421875, 8.3125, 2.865234375, 6.45703125 ]

397

5,587

[ -2.751953125, 3.033203125 ]

27.149187

[ -5.921875, -4.25, -4.39453125, -2.37890625, 1.8212890625, 11.9140625 ]

2.623887

19.831332

22.749239

2.737842

[ 3.089066505432129 ]

-19,957.40209

5.388939

-28,858.129585

0.996413

5.777519

[ -2.724609375, -3.541015625, -3.51171875, -4.56640625, 2.19921875, 11.5859375 ]

[ -5.29296875, -2.25, -2.2109375, -1.384765625, 3.720703125, 4.78125 ]

BkiUdIfxK1yAga6Jr2zw

\section{Introduction} We are interested in bifurcation parameters $\mu$ of discrete one-dimensional dynamical systems in the sense of nontriviality of box dimension of the trajectory $S_\mu$, near a given trajectory of the system. More precisely, we are interested in values of the parameter $\mu$ such that $\dim_BS...

-32,986.423996

[ -2.939453125, 2.66015625 ]

37.576687

[ -2.955078125, 0.497314453125, -2.009765625, -5.7421875, -0.62939453125, 8.15625 ]

[ 2.833984375, 7.68359375, 1.63671875, 5.30078125 ]

215

2,967

[ -3.3828125, 4.1640625 ]

36.483137

[ -5.51953125, -3.8125, -4.25390625, -2.458984375, 1.728515625, 12.0234375 ]

1.053228

17.660418

30.434783

4.281038

[ 1.3867900371551514 ]

-21,338.923897

5.95214

-33,140.138562

1.223103

5.855578

[ -1.8408203125, -3.150390625, -3.8046875, -5.53515625, 2.025390625, 12.5703125 ]

[ -5.44140625, -1.2529296875, -1.48828125, -0.83740234375, 2.857421875, 2.93359375 ]

BkiUfZs5qhLBmqyw59dW

\section{Introduction} Matrix multiplication refers to computing the product $XY^T$ of two matrices $X\in\mathbb{R}^{m_x\times n}$ and $Y\in\mathbb{R}^{m_y\times n}$, which is a fundamental task in many machine learning applications such as regression \citep{Naseem10,Cohen16}, online learning \citep{Hazan_2007,Chu11}, ...

-46,070.591922

[ -3.013671875, 2.638671875 ]

17.857143

[ -3.31640625, 0.6328125, -1.8896484375, -5.6796875, -0.88232421875, 7.84375 ]

[ 3.228515625, 8.8671875, 2.791015625, 8.2421875 ]

232

3,804

[ -3.060546875, 3.408203125 ]

33.667799

[ -5.99609375, -4.671875, -3.939453125, -1.5966796875, 2.525390625, 11.3203125 ]

0.511283

12.396795

27.839117

3.574387

[ 2.6110928058624268 ]

-29,396.813256

6.838328

-46,215.95002

0.380579

5.938993

[ -2.205078125, -3.33984375, -3.916015625, -5.08984375, 2.36328125, 12.1796875 ]

[ -5.54296875, -1.8837890625, -2.22265625, -1.9013671875, 3.240234375, 4.8125 ]

BkiUdO8241xiEnW_4uiy

\section{Introduction} In recent years, the concept of a quantum group has extensively emerged in the physical and mathematical literature \cite{ref1,ref2,ref3}. Quantum groups are nontrivial generalizations of ordinary Lie groups. Such generalizations are made in the framework of Hopf algebras \cite{ref4,ref5,ref...

-45,529.19958

[ -3.16015625, 2.87109375 ]

18.508287

[ -3.103515625, 0.794921875, -1.9228515625, -4.8515625, -1.2080078125, 7.1796875 ]

[ 3.130859375, 9.46875, 1.7861328125, 6.15625 ]

172

3,352

[ -3.64453125, 4.328125 ]

47.396597

[ -5.44140625, -3.41796875, -3.546875, -1.6669921875, 1.4482421875, 9.8046875 ]

0.397114

10.172338

18.227924

6.783828

[ 2.829411029815674 ]

-32,355.258304

4.507458

-45,219.977893

0.397114

5.370282

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\section{Introduction} As the high speed Internet continues to advance and evolve, our physical, social and cyber worlds are interweaving into a gigantic network of connected people, connected devices, and connected things. Soon we will be walking on smart streets, commuting with smart transportation, living in smart h...

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BkiUc9DxK0zjCsHeaflN

\section{Introduction} In recent years, a lot of nanostructural surfaces was investigated. The interest in them is due to their electronic and transport properties. They can be used as nanoscale devices like transistors, molecular memory devices, nanowires, etc. They can be produced in complex thermal processes such a...

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BkiUcanxK7Tt52mM8ZKt

\section*{Results} In this article, we determine the three dimensional $T$-$p$-$H$ phase diagram of LaCrGe$_3$ by measuring the electrical resistivity of single crystals of LaCrGe$_3$ under pressure and magnetic field. The sample growth and characterization has been reported in Ref.~\cite{Lin2013PRB}. The pressure tech...

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2,335

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BkiUdsw4ukPiEUQBmYD_

\section{Introduction} The theory of word maps on finite non-abelian simple groups -- that is, maps of the form $(x_1,\ldots ,x_k) \mapsto w(x_1,\ldots ,x_k)$ for some word $w$ in the free group $F_k$ of rank $k$ -- has attracted much attention. It was shown in \cite[1.6]{LS} that for a given nontrivial word $w$, eve...

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27.615825

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[ 3.140625, 8.5703125, 2.84765625, 6.515625 ]

1,966

29,784

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BkiUdng5qhDACudDNyT7

\section{Introduction} In 1910, \cite{markov1910recherches} proved a central limit theorem for a two-state Markov chain. This initiated one of the longest histories in probability theory, the central limit theorem for stationary processes. One successful approach is the {\it martingale approximation} method, first app...

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32.38806

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[ 2.283203125, 7.8046875, 1.0634765625, 4.55859375 ]

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5,992

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9.900107

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6.307465

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BkiUc5zxK6EuM_Ubqfdi

\section{Introduction} In cold dark clouds, recent detections of complex organic molecules including some C$_{2}$H$_{4}$O$_{2}$ isomers have led to an influx of studies examining chemical formation routes \citep{jimenez-serra_spatial_2016, soma_complex_2018}. Warmer sources have well-understood thermal production rout...

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8,803

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0.872604

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\section{Introduction} For a compact Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g$, a finite set of points $A_{1},\dots,A_{n} \in X$ and a distribution of angles $2\pi(a_{1},\dots,a_{n})$, a natural generalization of uniformization problem is about existence of metric of constant positive curvature in $X \setminus \lbrace A_{1},\d...

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0.890093

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13.875808

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\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} The holographic duality, also known as the anti-de-Sitter space and conformal field theory correspondence (AdS/CFT)~\cite{Witten1998ASSH,Witten1998ASSTPTCGT,Gubser1998GTCFNST,Maldacena1999LLSFTS}, is a duality between a CFT on a flat boundary and a gravitational theory i...

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5,911

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BkiUa9o4uBhhxDSKxoGn

\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} The investigation of the properties of quasi-periodic Schr\"odinger-type operators remains very active drawing techniques from different areas of mathematics and physics \cite{marx_jitomirskaya_2017, Wilkinson2017,Akkermans2021}. The special case of the almost Mathieu operators (...

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40.12975

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9,791

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0.814647

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-57,308.990217

6.080584

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[ -6.14453125, -1.880859375, -2.33984375, -0.77490234375, 3.423828125, 4.20703125 ]

BkiUcV_xK4sA-9F9jqWm

\section{Introduction and Motivation} Understanding text often requires knowledge beyond what is explicitly stated in the text. While this was mentioned in early AI works \cite{mccarthy1990example}, with recent success in traditional NLP tasks, many challenge datasets have been recently proposed that focus on hard NLU...

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[ 0.446044921875, 5.44921875, 1.9990234375, 5.30078125 ]

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5,285

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32.464842

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6.065456

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BkiUc2I4ubngyA6kKubo

\section{Introduction} R. Feynman wrote: "All things are made of atoms, and that everything that living things do can be understood in terms of the jiggling and wiggling of atoms." (Feynman, 1963). To move beyond this assertion, it is necessary to adopt common principles of organization of atoms and molecules in livi...

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1,109

16,895

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1.005761

9.394954

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2.54533

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-53,469.275219

5.620183

-84,453.062206

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6.249242

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BkiUaEE25V5hRtaNitmg

\section{Introduction}% \label{sec:Introduction} It is now accepted, within the $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, that galaxy mergers play a fundamental role in the formation and evolution of galaxies \citep{White1978}. These events change the nature of galaxies in a number of ways: post-mergers exhi...

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19.178886

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[ 3.640625, 6.6640625, 3.11328125, 6.37890625 ]

616

10,412

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8.285122

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BkiUe0W6NNjgB1scZ_gZ

\section{Introduction} The microscopic physics underlying high $T_c$ superconductivity in the cuprates is believed to be purely electronic in origin, in contrast to ordinary superconductors where the attractive mechanism is due to phonons. Strongly correlated electron models such as the two-dimensional Hu...

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5,596

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[ -5.1171875, -1.37109375, -1.8212890625, -0.580078125, 3.017578125, 3.107421875 ]

BkiUahnxK1UJ-rRH9zmm

\section{Introduction} One of the more fascinating objects in low dimensional topology is the colored Jones polynomial. To a knot $K$ one assigns a sequence of knot polynomials $J_{N,K}(q)$ in the Laurent ring $\mathbb{Z}[q,1/q]$ that is indexed by a natural number $N$. For each $N$ the colored Jones polynomial $J_{N,K...

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29.678639

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[ 4.0703125, 9.4296875, 3.73828125, 6.984375 ]

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7,086

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40.89147

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1.454573

22.798547

23.736946

10.874808

[ 2.1969265937805176 ]

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BkiUb_A5qsNCPeN2FHd8

\section*{Acknowledgements} N.E.M. wishes to thank Juan Fuster and IFIC-University of Valencia (Spain) for their interest and support, and P. Sodano and INFN-Sezione di Perugia (Italy) for their hospitality and support during the final stages of this work. The work of D.V.N. is supported by D.O.E. grant DE-FG03-95-E...

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50

[ -11.2421875, -6.921875, 1.091796875, -7.10546875, 7.51171875, 8.6015625 ]

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BkiUc4LxK0zjCobCOFe2

\section{Introduction} Cluster algebras were introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky in \cite{FZ1}. A cluster algebra $\mathcal{A}$ is a~subalgebra of a rational function f\/ield with a distinguished set of generators, called \emph{cluster variables}, that are generated by an iterative procedure called \emph{mutation}. By c...

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8,618

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39.518003

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0.412102

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BkiUepXxK7IDND_hDgzg

\section{Introduction} An outstanding unsolved problem in lattice statistics is the dimer-monomer problem. While it is known \cite{lieb} that the dimer-monomer system does not exhibit a phase transition, there have been only limited closed-form results. The case of close-packed dimers on planar lattices has been solve...

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21.830986

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[ 3.080078125, 8.640625, 3.228515625, 6.91796875 ]

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BkiUe2zxK0fkXPSOq-FE

\section{Introduction}\label{sec: Intro} Analyzing environmental data sets often require joint modeling of multiple spatially dependent variables accounting for dependence among the variables and the spatial association for each variable. {Joint modeling approaches have two primary benefits over independently analyzing...

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BkiUdds4eIXh0sNxw2Ig

\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Deuteron-proton elastic scattering is extensively used in the study of, e.g., meson production mechanisms in few nucleon systems at intermediate energies. For such experiments $dp$ elastic scattering is well suited for normalisation purposes, due to its high cross section over a la...

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16.039604

[ -3.150390625, 0.498046875, -1.7783203125, -6.05859375, -1.3515625, 8.3203125 ]

[ 0.888671875, 6.4921875, 2.087890625, 3.529296875 ]

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3,660

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5.92541

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BkiUb7_xK1UJ-rWoIn0Y

\section{Introduction} The following system describes the evolution of heterogeneous incompressible flows under the influence of gravity, \begin{equation}\label{eq:non-hydrostatic} \begin{aligned} {\partial}_t \rho + ({\bm{u}}+{\bm{u}}_\star) \cdot \nabla_{\bm{x}} \rho + (w+w_\star) {\partial}_z \rho&=0, \\ \rho\big( {...

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[ 1.1123046875, 8.5625, -0.83251953125, 3.63671875 ]

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BkiUd_e6NNjgBpvICM3T

\section{Related Work} \subsection{Distributed Training} Training large machine learning models (e.g., deep neural networks) is computationally intensive. In order to finish the training process in a reasonable time, many studies worked on distributed training to speedup. There are many works that aim to im...

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[ 0.10003662109375, 4.6328125, 0.337890625, 4.8671875 ]

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BkiUdbs5qoTA_-bStJGz

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:in} \vspace{-0.2cm} Euclidean statistical methods can generally not be used to analyse anatomical shapes because of the non-linearity of shape data spaces. Taking into account non-linearity and curvature of the data space in statistical analysis often requires implementation of concept...

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[ 3.046875, 7.7109375, 1.7490234375, 6.890625 ]

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[ -5.0703125, -1.65234375, -2.400390625, -1.92578125, 3.375, 4.8515625 ]

BkiUgD_xK6Ot9WA5kRT_

\section{Introduction} String Theory is a candidate for the theory of all matter and interactions including gravity. But it has a dimension full parameter, the tension of the string, in its standard formulation. The appearance of a dimension full string tension from the start appears somewhat unnatural. Previously h...

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[ 1.3681640625, 8.3671875, 1.46875, 4.59375 ]

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BkiUdtE4uzlhfMbxUQMX

\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a topological group and let $X$ be a compact space. A continuous action $G\curvearrowright X$ is called a {\em $G$-flow} (or just a flow, if the group $G$ is understood from the context). A \emph{$G$-map} between two flows $G\curvearrowright X$ and $G\curvearrowright Y$ is a map $...

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54.914337

[ -2.580078125, 0.98876953125, -2.2578125, -6.06640625, -0.99951171875, 9.203125 ]

[ 2.71875, 8.28125, 0.58447265625, 5.95703125 ]

762

15,884

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36.444033

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[ -5.8046875, -1.6220703125, -1.783203125, -0.52734375, 3.28515625, 3.3125 ]

BkiUd7E5qoTBC5y2MUa5

\section{Introduction} Discs in late-type galaxies contain two distinct dynamical populations, the ``cold'' thin disc and the ``hot'' thick disc, as found in the Milky Way \citep[MW; e.g.][]{Gilmore83} and nearby edge-on galaxies \citep{Yoachim06, Comeron19}. The thin disc stars are younger with rotational velocities c...

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55.769231

[ -2.779296875, 0.76513671875, -1.6767578125, -5.18359375, -0.63720703125, 7.70703125 ]

[ 4.75, 7.98046875, 4.38671875, 6.8671875 ]

248

4,346

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26.052396

[ -6.328125, -3.091796875, -3.3125, -2.13671875, 1.5166015625, 11.3125 ]

1.408634

40.301521

24.459273

1.236462

[ 2.8780179023742676 ]

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[ -6.3671875, -2.68359375, -2.986328125, -2.53515625, 4.375, 7.35546875 ]

BkiUdyk4uzlh5xHhzVik

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Our Galaxy consists of a few observationally distinct components, which differ for their chemical abundance and their kinematic properties: the thin disk, the Thick disk\footnote{To facilitate the reading of thin and Thick labels of disk samples, we will write the Thick one st...

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31.588448

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[ 3.76171875, 6.4140625, 2.849609375, 6.65234375 ]

614

7,818

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29.067207

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1.349258

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BkiUfQM5qhLBeyJsPR3P

\section{Introduction} The nuclei $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O are typical light nuclei, and they have been extensively studied based on the cluster approaches~\cite{Fujiwara}. Since there is no bound nucleus with mass number 5 or 8, formation of $^{12}$C from three $^4$He nuclei ($\alpha$ clusters) is a key process of th...

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32.647059

[ -3.025390625, 0.2266845703125, -2.259765625, -5.80078125, -0.90478515625, 8.4765625 ]

[ 1.82421875, 7.3515625, 3, 4.86328125 ]

310

4,433

[ -2.611328125, 3.125 ]

29.501494

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1.141897

11.671515

20.257162

4.016457

[ 2.4688215255737305 ]

-18,075.911912

5.235055

-24,645.444669

1.387512

5.594668

[ -2.994140625, -3.78125, -3.470703125, -4.375, 2.40234375, 11.53125 ]

[ -5.3046875, -1.650390625, -2.02734375, -1.0498046875, 3.236328125, 3.828125 ]

BkiUczc5qhDACrbibYto

\section{Introduction} The problem of superdiffusion and subdiffusion processes, and the corresponding correlated random walks, has received attention within the literature to describe many physical scenarios, mostly for crowded systems~\cite{metzler2000random,bouchaud1990anomalous}. Superdiffusion process in the prote...

-19,220.649512

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18.518519

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[ 2.1171875, 7.9296875, 2.724609375, 4.59765625 ]

267

3,271

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26.175796

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1.535259

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27.545093

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BkiUbrU4uzqh_Kly7amc

\section{Introduction} Resilience represents the inherent ability of a given system to oppose external disturbances and eventually recover the unperturbed state. The concept of resilience is particularly relevant to ecology \cite{resilience1}. Here, perturbations of sufficient magnitude may force the system beyond the...

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26.875

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[ 4.53125, 8.0625, 1.587890625, 7.6171875 ]

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6,596

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23.620322

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BkiUbRY4eIfiURL9QzlY

\section{Convolutional Neural Networks for Dense Image Labeling} \label{sec:convnets} Herein we describe how we have re-purposed and finetuned the publicly available Imagenet-pretrained state-of-art 16-layer classification network of \cite{simonyan2014very} (VGG-16) into an efficient and effective dense feature extr...

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25.036819

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[ 1.40625, 6.68359375, 0.55078125, 5.859375 ]

682

5,483

[ -1.7265625, 2.0546875 ]

29.07133

[ -6.36328125, -4.55859375, -4.71484375, -2.2109375, 2.4140625, 13.359375 ]

0.353144

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30.43954

7.38113

[ 1.7630187273025513 ]

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6.972096

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[ -6.2734375, -2.59765625, -3.03515625, -1.9609375, 4.140625, 6.6484375 ]

BkiUbgw5qsFAf4WX2WDt

\section{Introduction} The ever-growing number of consumer wireless devices, together with the newly emerged data-hungry applications, have introduced unprecedented spectrum usage challenges \cite{saad2019vision}. Even with cutting-edge technologies, as massive MIMO \cite{lu2014overview} and mmWave communications \cite...

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47.402597

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[ 2.15625, 7.24609375, 1.208984375, 5.14453125 ]

186

3,720

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27.435714

[ -6.41796875, -4.5625, -4.48828125, -1.9951171875, 2.578125, 12.3828125 ]

0.776661

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1.638115

[ 1.9458627700805664 ]

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BkiUgqXxK02iP5rWMwfQ

\section{Introduction} Solar quiet gamma-ray astronomy started playing a significant role in the early 90's thanks to the EGRET mission. \citet{hudson} pointed out the importance of gamma-ray emission from the quiet Sun as an interesting possibility for highly sensitive instruments such as EGRET. \citet{seckel} estim...

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36.270492

[ -3.255859375, 0.00777435302734375, -1.814453125, -5.1875, -0.52587890625, 7.51171875 ]

[ 3.107421875, 7.01953125, 4.6484375, 5.38671875 ]

485

6,142

[ -2.51171875, 2.84765625 ]

29.765195

[ -5.99609375, -3.4296875, -3.22265625, -1.998046875, 1.7109375, 10.5625 ]

1.257119

16.775804

21.182025

8.122636

[ 3.6267900466918945 ]

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5.374796

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0.999636

5.81797

[ -3.4453125, -3.931640625, -3.357421875, -4.1796875, 2.625, 11.46875 ]

[ -5.89453125, -2.51953125, -2.296875, -1.771484375, 3.77734375, 5.3203125 ]

BkiUf5k5qhDBLPWJMGyD

\section{Introduction} The dKP hierarchy (= dispersionless limit of the KP hierarchy) and various reductions thereof (such as dNKdV) play an increasingly important role in topological field theory and its connections to strings and 2-D gravity (cf. \cite{aa,ac,af,ca,cj,dp,kk,tb,tc}). There are also connections to twist...

-55,505.536409

[ -2.58203125, 2.279296875 ]

11.790879

[ -4.109375, -0.77294921875, -2.140625, -6.2734375, -0.043670654296875, 8.828125 ]

[ 1.2568359375, 9.53125, 0.91015625, 3.63671875 ]

250

5,228

[ -3.6015625, 4.28125 ]

36.567347

[ -5.62890625, -4.015625, -4.37109375, -2.11328125, 1.7685546875, 11.484375 ]

0.493869

8.045744

29.399388

2.803293

[ 1.3278377056121826 ]

-32,362.3833

5.615914

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0.861717

6.243599

[ -2.482421875, -3.568359375, -4.0234375, -5.12109375, 2.40234375, 12.4375 ]

[ -4.8203125, -0.97705078125, -1.470703125, -0.5927734375, 2.623046875, 2.185546875 ]

BkiUc9c25V5ioeHBl6dH

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \paragraph*{Distributed checking of minimum spanning tree.} The problem is the following: we are given a weighted graph where some edges are selected, and we want to enable the nodes of the graph to collectively check whether the selected edges form a minimum spanning t...

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80.597015

[ -1.9365234375, 1.0419921875, -2.271484375, -5.73828125, -1.037109375, 8.2109375 ]

[ 1.861328125, 6.62109375, 1.044921875, 8.0546875 ]

232

4,536

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24.504418

[ -5.8359375, -4.5390625, -5.08203125, -1.9482421875, 2.5625, 12.8203125 ]

1.493561

25.668223

16.519824

0.447256

[ 1.811415195465088 ]

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4.501984

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1.439694

5.311148

[ -1.9638671875, -2.9921875, -2.919921875, -4.55859375, 2.240234375, 10.6484375 ]

[ -5.671875, -2.318359375, -2.0703125, -1.310546875, 4.0859375, 5.28515625 ]

BkiUbbDxK7ICUmfbyc3i

\section{Appendix} Here, in Section~\ref{app:uppaal} we explain how the different \code{UPPAAL} models work and in Section~\ref{app:blockc} we dive into the \textsf{\small MTL}\xspace specifications we use to verify 3-party swap and the auction protocol. \subsection{\code{UPPAAL} Models} \label{app:uppaal} Below...

-56,555.024749

[ -2.673828125, 2.5078125 ]

35.894737

[ -2.884765625, 1.85546875, -1.31640625, -4.70703125, -0.75830078125, 5.3671875 ]

[ -0.810546875, 4.72265625, 0.38330078125, 4.62109375 ]

614

9,894

[ -2.4296875, 2.861328125 ]

28.723129

[ -5.39453125, -2.416015625, -1.72265625, -0.9462890625, 1.7236328125, 7.1484375 ]

0.677978

19.336905

17.647059

1.450671

[ 2.0104751586914062 ]

-35,762.907094

5.664948

-55,956.677568

0.824279

6.149061

[ -2.46875, -2.33203125, -3.28125, -4.671875, 2.34375, 10.4609375 ]

[ -5.91015625, -1.3056640625, -1.7998046875, -1.4599609375, 3.638671875, 3.90234375 ]

BkiUdObxK7IDBOV4sdC7

\section{Deep radio surveys} \subsection{The modern radio sky} The GHz radio bright ($\ga 1$ mJy) sky consists mainly of ``classical'' radio sources, that is radio quasars and radio galaxies. These are active galactic nuclei (AGN) whose radio emission is generated from the gravitational energy associated with a super...

-10,747.855755

[ -3.26953125, 3.009765625 ]

17.142857

[ -2.896484375, 0.7060546875, -1.8330078125, -5.48046875, -0.348876953125, 7.4375 ]

[ 2.68359375, 6.04296875, 3.47265625, 5.16796875 ]

183

2,765

[ -2.740234375, 2.85546875 ]

25.258206

[ -6.28125, -3.7265625, -3.51171875, -1.7890625, 1.9130859375, 11.234375 ]

1.438092

13.200984

31.64557

2.75243

[ 3.0546741485595703 ]

-9,261.464368

5.155515

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0.785689

5.812912

[ -3.93359375, -3.69140625, -2.14453125, -3.126953125, 2.84765625, 9.3203125 ]

[ -5.98828125, -2.732421875, -2.53125, -1.9130859375, 3.7421875, 6.3046875 ]

BkiUfaA5qhLBrnqN0YOS

\section{Introduction} Gas-grain interactions play a key role in the chemical evolution of star-forming regions. During the first stages of star formation virtually all species accrete onto grains in dense cold cores. Later on in the star formation sequence --- when so-called hot cores are formed --- grains are warme...

-31,921.642615

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18.322581

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BkiUd9g4eIfiUUgeh0VY

\section{Introduction} Cavity optomechanics \citep{7} has been playing an important role in the exploration of quantum mechanical systems, especially the coupling between the electromagnetic field of the cavity and the mechanical oscillator \citep{1,2,3}. The photons inside the ultrahigh finesse cavity are capable o...

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BkiUeATxK4sA-7sDf1HS

\section*{Introduction} Simple oxides are suitable candidates for microelectronic applications as they are easy to deposit and silicon compatible. Among them, hafnia-based systems are specially preferred since the material is already part of the \textit{complementary metal oxide semiconductor} (CMOS) process flow. Once...

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BkiUe2c5qhDCNj5tiQd0

\section{Introduction} Many extensions of the Standard Model (SM), such as light hidden dark-sector model \cite{hidden} and Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) \cite{nmssm}, introduce light weak-interacting degrees of freedom. In the hidden dark-sector model, WIMP-like fermionic dark matter particles ...

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BkiUfP3xK03BfL1dWd7s

\section{Introduction} The prototype of a scheme $Z$ with \emph{perfect obstruction theory} \cite{BF} is the zero locus of a section of a vector bundle $E$ on a smooth ambient variety $A$. We recall the construction in the next Section. \emph{All} perfect obstruction theories are \emph{locally} of this form. In the ra...

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BkiUc5Q5qWTA5dUDj6cR

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Quasibound nuclear states of $\bar K$ mesons have been studied by us recently in a series of articles \cite{MFG05,MFG06,GFGM07,GFGM08}, using a self-consistent extension of nuclear relativistic mean-field (RMF) models. References \cite{MFG05,MFG06,GFGM07} focused on the width...

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BkiUdVw5qsFAfoQ6RPbj

\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The study of the social impact of automated decision making has focused largely on issues of fairness at the point of decision, evaluating the fairness (with respect to a population) of a sequence or pipeline of decisions, or examining the dynamics of a game between the ...

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BkiUdjM4ukPiEekASt6Y

\section{Introduction} A rigid body~\cite{favro,miguelx,delong} that conducts Brownian motion can translate and rotate in space. Most interestingly, in scenarios where the particle is screwlike~\cite{brenner1,brenner2}, L-shaped~\cite{Kummel}, biaxial~\cite{Wittkowski} and ellipsoidal~\cite{Han0}, etc., translation and...

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BkiUbB04eILhQCVbc-NL

\section{The Zak transform of a compact subgroup} \label{sec:Zak} In Sections \ref{sec:Zak} -- \ref{sec:tranFrm}, $G$ is a second countable locally compact group (not necessarily abelian), and $K\subset G$ is a compact subgroup. Our main result is the existence of an operator-valued Zak transform on $L^2(G)$ that trea...

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