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pandas arrays, scalars, and data types
pandas arrays, scalars, and data types
Objects# For most data types, pandas uses NumPy arrays as the concrete objects contained with a Index, Series, or DataFrame. For some data types, pandas extends NumPy’s type system. String aliases for these types can be found at dtypes. Kind of Data pandas Data Type Scalar Array TZ-aware datetime DatetimeTZD...
reference/arrays.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Milli.delta
pandas.tseries.offsets.Milli.delta
Milli.delta#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Milli.delta.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Nano.freqstr
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Nano.freqstr` Return a string representing the frequency. ``` >>> pd.DateOffset(5).freqstr '<5 * DateOffsets>' ```
Nano.freqstr# Return a string representing the frequency. Examples >>> pd.DateOffset(5).freqstr '<5 * DateOffsets>' >>> pd.offsets.BusinessHour(2).freqstr '2BH' >>> pd.offsets.Nano().freqstr 'N' >>> pd.offsets.Nano(-3).freqstr '-3N'
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Nano.freqstr.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthBegin.__call__
`pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthBegin.__call__` Call self as a function.
BusinessMonthBegin.__call__(*args, **kwargs)# Call self as a function.
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthBegin.__call__.html
pandas.Timestamp.date
`pandas.Timestamp.date` Return date object with same year, month and day.
Timestamp.date()# Return date object with same year, month and day.
reference/api/pandas.Timestamp.date.html
pandas.RangeIndex.from_range
`pandas.RangeIndex.from_range` Create RangeIndex from a range object.
classmethod RangeIndex.from_range(data, name=None, dtype=None)[source]# Create RangeIndex from a range object. Returns RangeIndex
reference/api/pandas.RangeIndex.from_range.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterBegin.nanos
pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterBegin.nanos
QuarterBegin.nanos#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterBegin.nanos.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Minute.freqstr
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Minute.freqstr` Return a string representing the frequency. Examples ``` >>> pd.DateOffset(5).freqstr '<5 * DateOffsets>' ```
Minute.freqstr# Return a string representing the frequency. Examples >>> pd.DateOffset(5).freqstr '<5 * DateOffsets>' >>> pd.offsets.BusinessHour(2).freqstr '2BH' >>> pd.offsets.Nano().freqstr 'N' >>> pd.offsets.Nano(-3).freqstr '-3N'
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Minute.freqstr.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessHour.is_month_end
`pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessHour.is_month_end` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month end. Examples ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_end(ts) False ```
CustomBusinessHour.is_month_end()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month end. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_end(ts) False
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessHour.is_month_end.html
pandas.PeriodIndex.quarter
`pandas.PeriodIndex.quarter` The quarter of the date.
property PeriodIndex.quarter[source]# The quarter of the date.
reference/api/pandas.PeriodIndex.quarter.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthEnd.nanos
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthEnd.nanos
BusinessMonthEnd.nanos#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthEnd.nanos.html
pandas.Series.cat.add_categories
`pandas.Series.cat.add_categories` Add new categories. ``` >>> c = pd.Categorical(['c', 'b', 'c']) >>> c ['c', 'b', 'c'] Categories (2, object): ['b', 'c'] ```
Series.cat.add_categories(*args, **kwargs)[source]# Add new categories. new_categories will be included at the last/highest place in the categories and will be unused directly after this call. Parameters new_categoriescategory or list-like of categoryThe new categories to be included. inplacebool, default FalseWheth...
reference/api/pandas.Series.cat.add_categories.html
Group by: split-apply-combine
Group by: split-apply-combine
By “group by” we are referring to a process involving one or more of the following steps: Splitting the data into groups based on some criteria. Applying a function to each group independently. Combining the results into a data structure. Out of these, the split step is the most straightforward. In fact, in many situ...
user_guide/groupby.html
pandas.read_orc
`pandas.read_orc` Load an ORC object from the file path, returning a DataFrame.
pandas.read_orc(path, columns=None, **kwargs)[source]# Load an ORC object from the file path, returning a DataFrame. New in version 1.0.0. Parameters pathstr, path object, or file-like objectString, path object (implementing os.PathLike[str]), or file-like object implementing a binary read() function. The string co...
reference/api/pandas.read_orc.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.DateOffset.apply
pandas.tseries.offsets.DateOffset.apply
DateOffset.apply()#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.DateOffset.apply.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.FY5253.rollforward
`pandas.tseries.offsets.FY5253.rollforward` Roll provided date forward to next offset only if not on offset.
FY5253.rollforward()# Roll provided date forward to next offset only if not on offset. Returns TimeStampRolled timestamp if not on offset, otherwise unchanged timestamp.
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.FY5253.rollforward.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.SemiMonthBegin.day_of_month
pandas.tseries.offsets.SemiMonthBegin.day_of_month
SemiMonthBegin.day_of_month#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.SemiMonthBegin.day_of_month.html
pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.count
`pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.count` Compute count of group, excluding missing values.
final GroupBy.count()[source]# Compute count of group, excluding missing values. Returns Series or DataFrameCount of values within each group. See also Series.groupbyApply a function groupby to a Series. DataFrame.groupbyApply a function groupby to each row or column of a DataFrame.
reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.count.html
pandas.Series.dt.isocalendar
`pandas.Series.dt.isocalendar` Calculate year, week, and day according to the ISO 8601 standard. ``` >>> ser = pd.to_datetime(pd.Series(["2010-01-01", pd.NaT])) >>> ser.dt.isocalendar() year week day 0 2009 53 5 1 <NA> <NA> <NA> >>> ser.dt.isocalendar().week 0 53 1 <NA> Name: week, dtype: UInt32...
Series.dt.isocalendar()[source]# Calculate year, week, and day according to the ISO 8601 standard. New in version 1.1.0. Returns DataFrameWith columns year, week and day. See also Timestamp.isocalendarFunction return a 3-tuple containing ISO year, week number, and weekday for the given Timestamp object. date...
reference/api/pandas.Series.dt.isocalendar.html
pandas.MultiIndex.swaplevel
`pandas.MultiIndex.swaplevel` Swap level i with level j. ``` >>> mi = pd.MultiIndex(levels=[['a', 'b'], ['bb', 'aa']], ... codes=[[0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1]]) >>> mi MultiIndex([('a', 'bb'), ('a', 'aa'), ('b', 'bb'), ('b', 'aa')], ) >>> mi.swaplevel(0, 1...
MultiIndex.swaplevel(i=- 2, j=- 1)[source]# Swap level i with level j. Calling this method does not change the ordering of the values. Parameters iint, str, default -2First level of index to be swapped. Can pass level name as string. Type of parameters can be mixed. jint, str, default -1Second level of index to be s...
reference/api/pandas.MultiIndex.swaplevel.html
pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.median
`pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.median` Compute median of groups, excluding missing values.
final GroupBy.median(numeric_only=_NoDefault.no_default)[source]# Compute median of groups, excluding missing values. For multiple groupings, the result index will be a MultiIndex Parameters numeric_onlybool, default TrueInclude only float, int, boolean columns. If None, will attempt to use everything, then use only ...
reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.median.html
pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._concat_same_type
`pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._concat_same_type` Concatenate multiple array of this dtype.
classmethod ExtensionArray._concat_same_type(to_concat)[source]# Concatenate multiple array of this dtype. Parameters to_concatsequence of this type Returns ExtensionArray
reference/api/pandas.api.extensions.ExtensionArray._concat_same_type.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Week.is_year_start
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Week.is_year_start` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the year start. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_year_start(ts) True ```
Week.is_year_start()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the year start. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_year_start(ts) True
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Week.is_year_start.html
pandas.Series.quantile
`pandas.Series.quantile` Return value at the given quantile. ``` >>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4]) >>> s.quantile(.5) 2.5 >>> s.quantile([.25, .5, .75]) 0.25 1.75 0.50 2.50 0.75 3.25 dtype: float64 ```
Series.quantile(q=0.5, interpolation='linear')[source]# Return value at the given quantile. Parameters qfloat or array-like, default 0.5 (50% quantile)The quantile(s) to compute, which can lie in range: 0 <= q <= 1. interpolation{‘linear’, ‘lower’, ‘higher’, ‘midpoint’, ‘nearest’}This optional parameter specifies th...
reference/api/pandas.Series.quantile.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessHour.normalize
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessHour.normalize
BusinessHour.normalize#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessHour.normalize.html
pandas.api.types.is_float_dtype
`pandas.api.types.is_float_dtype` Check whether the provided array or dtype is of a float dtype. ``` >>> is_float_dtype(str) False >>> is_float_dtype(int) False >>> is_float_dtype(float) True >>> is_float_dtype(np.array(['a', 'b'])) False >>> is_float_dtype(pd.Series([1, 2])) False >>> is_float_dtype(pd.Index([1, 2.]))...
pandas.api.types.is_float_dtype(arr_or_dtype)[source]# Check whether the provided array or dtype is of a float dtype. Parameters arr_or_dtypearray-like or dtypeThe array or dtype to check. Returns booleanWhether or not the array or dtype is of a float dtype. Examples >>> is_float_dtype(str) False >>> is_float...
reference/api/pandas.api.types.is_float_dtype.html
pandas.DataFrame.items
`pandas.DataFrame.items` Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs. ``` >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'species': ['bear', 'bear', 'marsupial'], ... 'population': [1864, 22000, 80000]}, ... index=['panda', 'polar', 'koala']) >>> df species population panda bear 1864 polar b...
DataFrame.items()[source]# Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs. Iterates over the DataFrame columns, returning a tuple with the column name and the content as a Series. Yields labelobjectThe column names for the DataFrame being iterated over. contentSeriesThe column entries belonging to each label, as a Series....
reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.items.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Micro.is_quarter_start
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Micro.is_quarter_start` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the quarter start. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_quarter_start(ts) True ```
Micro.is_quarter_start()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the quarter start. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_quarter_start(ts) True
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Micro.is_quarter_start.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessDay.is_month_end
`pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessDay.is_month_end` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month end. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_end(ts) False ```
CustomBusinessDay.is_month_end()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month end. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_end(ts) False
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessDay.is_month_end.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay.offset
`pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay.offset` Alias for self._offset.
BusinessDay.offset# Alias for self._offset.
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessDay.offset.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearEnd.month
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearEnd.month
BYearEnd.month#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearEnd.month.html
pandas.Series.sparse.npoints
`pandas.Series.sparse.npoints` The number of non- fill_value points. Examples ``` >>> s = SparseArray([0, 0, 1, 1, 1], fill_value=0) >>> s.npoints 3 ```
Series.sparse.npoints[source]# The number of non- fill_value points. Examples >>> s = SparseArray([0, 0, 1, 1, 1], fill_value=0) >>> s.npoints 3
reference/api/pandas.Series.sparse.npoints.html
pandas.Categorical.__array__
`pandas.Categorical.__array__` The numpy array interface. A numpy array of either the specified dtype or, if dtype==None (default), the same dtype as categorical.categories.dtype.
Categorical.__array__(dtype=None)[source]# The numpy array interface. Returns numpy.arrayA numpy array of either the specified dtype or, if dtype==None (default), the same dtype as categorical.categories.dtype.
reference/api/pandas.Categorical.__array__.html
pandas.core.window.rolling.Rolling.skew
`pandas.core.window.rolling.Rolling.skew` Calculate the rolling unbiased skewness. Include only float, int, boolean columns.
Rolling.skew(numeric_only=False, **kwargs)[source]# Calculate the rolling unbiased skewness. Parameters numeric_onlybool, default FalseInclude only float, int, boolean columns. New in version 1.5.0. **kwargsFor NumPy compatibility and will not have an effect on the result. Deprecated since version 1.5.0. Retu...
reference/api/pandas.core.window.rolling.Rolling.skew.html
pandas.notnull
`pandas.notnull` Detect non-missing values for an array-like object. ``` >>> pd.notna('dog') True ```
pandas.notnull(obj)[source]# Detect non-missing values for an array-like object. This function takes a scalar or array-like object and indicates whether values are valid (not missing, which is NaN in numeric arrays, None or NaN in object arrays, NaT in datetimelike). Parameters objarray-like or object valueObject to ...
reference/api/pandas.notnull.html
pandas.DataFrame.dot
`pandas.DataFrame.dot` Compute the matrix multiplication between the DataFrame and other. ``` >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[0, 1, -2, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1]]) >>> s = pd.Series([1, 1, 2, 1]) >>> df.dot(s) 0 -4 1 5 dtype: int64 ```
DataFrame.dot(other)[source]# Compute the matrix multiplication between the DataFrame and other. This method computes the matrix product between the DataFrame and the values of an other Series, DataFrame or a numpy array. It can also be called using self @ other in Python >= 3.5. Parameters otherSeries, DataFrame or ...
reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.dot.html
pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.format_index
`pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.format_index` Format the text display value of index labels or column headers. ``` >>> df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3]], columns=[2.0, np.nan, 4.0]) >>> df.style.format_index(axis=1, na_rep='MISS', precision=3) 2.000 MISS 4.000 0 1 2 3 ```
Styler.format_index(formatter=None, axis=0, level=None, na_rep=None, precision=None, decimal='.', thousands=None, escape=None, hyperlinks=None)[source]# Format the text display value of index labels or column headers. New in version 1.4.0. Parameters formatterstr, callable, dict or NoneObject to define how values a...
reference/api/pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.format_index.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Milli.apply_index
Milli.apply_index()# Vectorized apply of DateOffset to DatetimeIndex. Deprecated since version 1.1.0: Use offset + dtindex instead. Parameters indexDatetimeIndex Returns DatetimeIndex Raises NotImplementedErrorWhen the specific offset subclass does not have a vectorized implementation.
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Milli.apply_index.html
null
pandas.Series.skew
`pandas.Series.skew` Return unbiased skew over requested axis. Normalized by N-1.
Series.skew(axis=_NoDefault.no_default, skipna=True, level=None, numeric_only=None, **kwargs)[source]# Return unbiased skew over requested axis. Normalized by N-1. Parameters axis{index (0)}Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0. skipnabool, default TrueExclude ...
reference/api/pandas.Series.skew.html
pandas.Period.day_of_year
`pandas.Period.day_of_year` Return the day of the year. This attribute returns the day of the year on which the particular date occurs. The return value ranges between 1 to 365 for regular years and 1 to 366 for leap years. ``` >>> period = pd.Period("2015-10-23", freq='H') >>> period.day_of_year 296 >>> period = pd.Pe...
Period.day_of_year# Return the day of the year. This attribute returns the day of the year on which the particular date occurs. The return value ranges between 1 to 365 for regular years and 1 to 366 for leap years. Returns intThe day of year. See also Period.dayReturn the day of the month. Period.day_of_weekR...
reference/api/pandas.Period.day_of_year.html
pandas.DatetimeIndex.month
`pandas.DatetimeIndex.month` The month as January=1, December=12. ``` >>> datetime_series = pd.Series( ... pd.date_range("2000-01-01", periods=3, freq="M") ... ) >>> datetime_series 0 2000-01-31 1 2000-02-29 2 2000-03-31 dtype: datetime64[ns] >>> datetime_series.dt.month 0 1 1 2 2 3 dtype: int64 ```
property DatetimeIndex.month[source]# The month as January=1, December=12. Examples >>> datetime_series = pd.Series( ... pd.date_range("2000-01-01", periods=3, freq="M") ... ) >>> datetime_series 0 2000-01-31 1 2000-02-29 2 2000-03-31 dtype: datetime64[ns] >>> datetime_series.dt.month 0 1 1 2 2 3 dty...
reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.month.html
pandas.Index.set_value
`pandas.Index.set_value` Fast lookup of value from 1-dimensional ndarray. Deprecated since version 1.0.
final Index.set_value(arr, key, value)[source]# Fast lookup of value from 1-dimensional ndarray. Deprecated since version 1.0. Notes Only use this if you know what you’re doing.
reference/api/pandas.Index.set_value.html
pandas.ExcelWriter.cur_sheet
`pandas.ExcelWriter.cur_sheet` Current sheet for writing. Deprecated since version 1.5.0.
property ExcelWriter.cur_sheet[source]# Current sheet for writing. Deprecated since version 1.5.0.
reference/api/pandas.ExcelWriter.cur_sheet.html
pandas.api.extensions.register_dataframe_accessor
`pandas.api.extensions.register_dataframe_accessor` Register a custom accessor on DataFrame objects. ``` >>> pd.Series(['a', 'b']).dt Traceback (most recent call last): ... AttributeError: Can only use .dt accessor with datetimelike values ```
pandas.api.extensions.register_dataframe_accessor(name)[source]# Register a custom accessor on DataFrame objects. Parameters namestrName under which the accessor should be registered. A warning is issued if this name conflicts with a preexisting attribute. Returns callableA class decorator. See also registe...
reference/api/pandas.api.extensions.register_dataframe_accessor.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessMonthEnd.is_month_start
`pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessMonthEnd.is_month_start` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month start. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_start(ts) True ```
CustomBusinessMonthEnd.is_month_start()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month start. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_start(ts) True
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessMonthEnd.is_month_start.html
pandas.Timestamp.isoformat
`pandas.Timestamp.isoformat` Return the time formatted according to ISO 8610. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp('2020-03-14T15:32:52.192548651') >>> ts.isoformat() '2020-03-14T15:32:52.192548651' >>> ts.isoformat(timespec='microseconds') '2020-03-14T15:32:52.192548' ```
Timestamp.isoformat()# Return the time formatted according to ISO 8610. The full format looks like ‘YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmmmmmnnn’. By default, the fractional part is omitted if self.microsecond == 0 and self.nanosecond == 0. If self.tzinfo is not None, the UTC offset is also attached, giving giving a full format of ‘Y...
reference/api/pandas.Timestamp.isoformat.html
pandas.errors.NumbaUtilError
`pandas.errors.NumbaUtilError` Error raised for unsupported Numba engine routines.
exception pandas.errors.NumbaUtilError[source]# Error raised for unsupported Numba engine routines.
reference/api/pandas.errors.NumbaUtilError.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.is_month_start
`pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.is_month_start` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month start. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_start(ts) True ```
BYearBegin.is_month_start()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month start. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_start(ts) True
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.is_month_start.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessHour.start
pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessHour.start
CustomBusinessHour.start#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.CustomBusinessHour.start.html
pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.highlight_max
`pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.highlight_max` Highlight the maximum with a style.
Styler.highlight_max(subset=None, color='yellow', axis=0, props=None)[source]# Highlight the maximum with a style. Parameters subsetlabel, array-like, IndexSlice, optionalA valid 2d input to DataFrame.loc[<subset>], or, in the case of a 1d input or single key, to DataFrame.loc[:, <subset>] where the columns are prior...
reference/api/pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.highlight_max.html
pandas.read_stata
`pandas.read_stata` Read Stata file into DataFrame. ``` >>> df = pd.read_stata('animals.dta') ```
pandas.read_stata(filepath_or_buffer, *, convert_dates=True, convert_categoricals=True, index_col=None, convert_missing=False, preserve_dtypes=True, columns=None, order_categoricals=True, chunksize=None, iterator=False, compression='infer', storage_options=None)[source]# Read Stata file into DataFrame. Parameters fil...
reference/api/pandas.read_stata.html
pandas.Period.week
`pandas.Period.week` Get the week of the year on the given Period. ``` >>> p = pd.Period("2018-03-11", "H") >>> p.week 10 ```
Period.week# Get the week of the year on the given Period. Returns int See also Period.dayofweekGet the day component of the Period. Period.weekdayGet the day component of the Period. Examples >>> p = pd.Period("2018-03-11", "H") >>> p.week 10 >>> p = pd.Period("2018-02-01", "D") >>> p.week 5 >>> p = pd....
reference/api/pandas.Period.week.html
pandas.Series.str.istitle
`pandas.Series.str.istitle` Check whether all characters in each string are titlecase. ``` >>> s1 = pd.Series(['one', 'one1', '1', '']) ```
Series.str.istitle()[source]# Check whether all characters in each string are titlecase. This is equivalent to running the Python string method str.istitle() for each element of the Series/Index. If a string has zero characters, False is returned for that check. Returns Series or Index of boolSeries or Index of boole...
reference/api/pandas.Series.str.istitle.html
pandas.core.resample.Resampler.apply
`pandas.core.resample.Resampler.apply` Aggregate using one or more operations over the specified axis. ``` >>> s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ... index=pd.date_range('20130101', periods=5, freq='s')) >>> s 2013-01-01 00:00:00 1 2013-01-01 00:00:01 2 2013-01-01 00:00:02 3 2013-01-01 00:00:03 4 ...
Resampler.apply(func=None, *args, **kwargs)[source]# Aggregate using one or more operations over the specified axis. Parameters funcfunction, str, list or dictFunction to use for aggregating the data. If a function, must either work when passed a DataFrame or when passed to DataFrame.apply. Accepted combinations are:...
reference/api/pandas.core.resample.Resampler.apply.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.nanos
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.nanos
BYearBegin.nanos#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.nanos.html
pandas.api.types.is_interval
pandas.api.types.is_interval
pandas.api.types.is_interval()#
reference/api/pandas.api.types.is_interval.html
pandas.Series.cat.as_unordered
`pandas.Series.cat.as_unordered` Set the Categorical to be unordered.
Series.cat.as_unordered(*args, **kwargs)[source]# Set the Categorical to be unordered. Parameters inplacebool, default FalseWhether or not to set the ordered attribute in-place or return a copy of this categorical with ordered set to False. Deprecated since version 1.5.0. Returns Categorical or NoneUnordered Ca...
reference/api/pandas.Series.cat.as_unordered.html
GroupBy
GroupBy
GroupBy objects are returned by groupby calls: pandas.DataFrame.groupby(), pandas.Series.groupby(), etc. Indexing, iteration# GroupBy.__iter__() Groupby iterator. GroupBy.groups Dict {group name -> group labels}. GroupBy.indices Dict {group name -> group indices}. GroupBy.get_group(name[, obj]) Construct Data...
reference/groupby.html
pandas.read_sql_query
`pandas.read_sql_query` Read SQL query into a DataFrame.
pandas.read_sql_query(sql, con, index_col=None, coerce_float=True, params=None, parse_dates=None, chunksize=None, dtype=None)[source]# Read SQL query into a DataFrame. Returns a DataFrame corresponding to the result set of the query string. Optionally provide an index_col parameter to use one of the columns as the inde...
reference/api/pandas.read_sql_query.html
pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.cumprod
`pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.cumprod` Cumulative product for each group.
DataFrameGroupBy.cumprod(axis=0, *args, **kwargs)[source]# Cumulative product for each group. Returns Series or DataFrame See also Series.groupbyApply a function groupby to a Series. DataFrame.groupbyApply a function groupby to each row or column of a DataFrame.
reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.cumprod.html
How to create new columns derived from existing columns?
How to create new columns derived from existing columns? For this tutorial, air quality data about \(NO_2\) is used, made available by OpenAQ and using the py-openaq package. The air_quality_no2.csv data set provides \(NO_2\) values for the measurement stations FR04014, BETR801 and London Westminster in respectively Pa...
this tutorial: Air quality data For this tutorial, air quality data about \(NO_2\) is used, made available by OpenAQ and using the py-openaq package. The air_quality_no2.csv data set provides \(NO_2\) values for the measurement stations FR04014, BETR801 and London Westminster in respectively Paris, Antw...
getting_started/intro_tutorials/05_add_columns.html
Options and settings
API for configuring global behavior. See the User Guide for more. Working with options# describe_option(pat[, _print_desc]) Prints the description for one or more registered options. reset_option(pat) Reset one or more options to their default value. get_option(pat) Retrieves the value of the specified option....
reference/options.html
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pandas.Series.str.slice_replace
`pandas.Series.str.slice_replace` Replace a positional slice of a string with another value. ``` >>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'ab', 'abc', 'abdc', 'abcde']) >>> s 0 a 1 ab 2 abc 3 abdc 4 abcde dtype: object ```
Series.str.slice_replace(start=None, stop=None, repl=None)[source]# Replace a positional slice of a string with another value. Parameters startint, optionalLeft index position to use for the slice. If not specified (None), the slice is unbounded on the left, i.e. slice from the start of the string. stopint, optional...
reference/api/pandas.Series.str.slice_replace.html
pandas.DataFrame.isna
`pandas.DataFrame.isna` Detect missing values. ``` >>> df = pd.DataFrame(dict(age=[5, 6, np.NaN], ... born=[pd.NaT, pd.Timestamp('1939-05-27'), ... pd.Timestamp('1940-04-25')], ... name=['Alfred', 'Batman', ''], ... toy=[None, 'Batmobile'...
DataFrame.isna()[source]# Detect missing values. Return a boolean same-sized object indicating if the values are NA. NA values, such as None or numpy.NaN, gets mapped to True values. Everything else gets mapped to False values. Characters such as empty strings '' or numpy.inf are not considered NA values (unless you se...
reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.isna.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthBegin.n
pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthBegin.n
BusinessMonthBegin.n#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BusinessMonthBegin.n.html
pandas.io.stata.StataReader.value_labels
`pandas.io.stata.StataReader.value_labels` Return a nested dict associating each variable name to its value and label.
StataReader.value_labels()[source]# Return a nested dict associating each variable name to its value and label. Returns dict
reference/api/pandas.io.stata.StataReader.value_labels.html
pandas.IntervalIndex.is_overlapping
`pandas.IntervalIndex.is_overlapping` Return True if the IntervalIndex has overlapping intervals, else False. Two intervals overlap if they share a common point, including closed endpoints. Intervals that only have an open endpoint in common do not overlap. ``` >>> index = pd.IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 2), (1, 3), ...
property IntervalIndex.is_overlapping[source]# Return True if the IntervalIndex has overlapping intervals, else False. Two intervals overlap if they share a common point, including closed endpoints. Intervals that only have an open endpoint in common do not overlap. Returns boolBoolean indicating if the IntervalIndex...
reference/api/pandas.IntervalIndex.is_overlapping.html
pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.skew
`pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.skew` Return unbiased skew over requested axis.
property DataFrameGroupBy.skew[source]# Return unbiased skew over requested axis. Normalized by N-1. Parameters axis{index (0), columns (1)}Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0. skipnabool, default TrueExclude NA/null values when computing the result. levelin...
reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.skew.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Easter.onOffset
pandas.tseries.offsets.Easter.onOffset
Easter.onOffset()#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Easter.onOffset.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Tick.rollforward
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Tick.rollforward` Roll provided date forward to next offset only if not on offset.
Tick.rollforward()# Roll provided date forward to next offset only if not on offset. Returns TimeStampRolled timestamp if not on offset, otherwise unchanged timestamp.
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Tick.rollforward.html
pandas.Index.view
pandas.Index.view
Index.view(cls=None)[source]#
reference/api/pandas.Index.view.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.onOffset
pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.onOffset
BYearBegin.onOffset()#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.BYearBegin.onOffset.html
pandas.to_timedelta
`pandas.to_timedelta` Convert argument to timedelta. Timedeltas are absolute differences in times, expressed in difference units (e.g. days, hours, minutes, seconds). This method converts an argument from a recognized timedelta format / value into a Timedelta type. ``` >>> pd.to_timedelta('1 days 06:05:01.00003') Timed...
pandas.to_timedelta(arg, unit=None, errors='raise')[source]# Convert argument to timedelta. Timedeltas are absolute differences in times, expressed in difference units (e.g. days, hours, minutes, seconds). This method converts an argument from a recognized timedelta format / value into a Timedelta type. Parameters ar...
reference/api/pandas.to_timedelta.html
pandas.DataFrame.plot.bar
`pandas.DataFrame.plot.bar` Vertical bar plot. ``` >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'lab':['A', 'B', 'C'], 'val':[10, 30, 20]}) >>> ax = df.plot.bar(x='lab', y='val', rot=0) ```
DataFrame.plot.bar(x=None, y=None, **kwargs)[source]# Vertical bar plot. A bar plot is a plot that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. A bar plot shows comparisons among discrete categories. One axis of the plot shows the specific categories being...
reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.plot.bar.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.YearEnd.is_month_end
`pandas.tseries.offsets.YearEnd.is_month_end` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month end. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_end(ts) False ```
YearEnd.is_month_end()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the month end. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_month_end(ts) False
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.YearEnd.is_month_end.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Nano.is_quarter_end
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Nano.is_quarter_end` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the quarter end. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_quarter_end(ts) False ```
Nano.is_quarter_end()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the quarter end. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_quarter_end(ts) False
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Nano.is_quarter_end.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Hour.normalize
pandas.tseries.offsets.Hour.normalize
Hour.normalize#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Hour.normalize.html
Testing
Assertion functions# testing.assert_frame_equal(left, right[, ...]) Check that left and right DataFrame are equal. testing.assert_series_equal(left, right[, ...]) Check that left and right Series are equal. testing.assert_index_equal(left, right[, ...]) Check that left and right Index are equal. testing.assert...
reference/testing.html
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pandas.Timestamp.month
pandas.Timestamp.month
Timestamp.month#
reference/api/pandas.Timestamp.month.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Tick.normalize
pandas.tseries.offsets.Tick.normalize
Tick.normalize#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Tick.normalize.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterBegin.freqstr
`pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterBegin.freqstr` Return a string representing the frequency. Examples ``` >>> pd.DateOffset(5).freqstr '<5 * DateOffsets>' ```
QuarterBegin.freqstr# Return a string representing the frequency. Examples >>> pd.DateOffset(5).freqstr '<5 * DateOffsets>' >>> pd.offsets.BusinessHour(2).freqstr '2BH' >>> pd.offsets.Nano().freqstr 'N' >>> pd.offsets.Nano(-3).freqstr '-3N'
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterBegin.freqstr.html
DataFrame
DataFrame
Constructor# DataFrame([data, index, columns, dtype, copy]) Two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data. Attributes and underlying data# Axes DataFrame.index The index (row labels) of the DataFrame. DataFrame.columns The column labels of the DataFrame. DataFrame.dtyp...
reference/frame.html
pandas.core.resample.Resampler.pipe
`pandas.core.resample.Resampler.pipe` Apply a func with arguments to this Resampler object and return its result. ``` >>> h(g(f(df.groupby('group')), arg1=a), arg2=b, arg3=c) ```
Resampler.pipe(func, *args, **kwargs)[source]# Apply a func with arguments to this Resampler object and return its result. Use .pipe when you want to improve readability by chaining together functions that expect Series, DataFrames, GroupBy or Resampler objects. Instead of writing >>> h(g(f(df.groupby('group')), arg1=a...
reference/api/pandas.core.resample.Resampler.pipe.html
pandas.Series.fillna
`pandas.Series.fillna` Fill NA/NaN values using the specified method. Value to use to fill holes (e.g. 0), alternately a dict/Series/DataFrame of values specifying which value to use for each index (for a Series) or column (for a DataFrame). Values not in the dict/Series/DataFrame will not be filled. This value cannot...
Series.fillna(value=None, *, method=None, axis=None, inplace=False, limit=None, downcast=None)[source]# Fill NA/NaN values using the specified method. Parameters valuescalar, dict, Series, or DataFrameValue to use to fill holes (e.g. 0), alternately a dict/Series/DataFrame of values specifying which value to use for ...
reference/api/pandas.Series.fillna.html
pandas.api.types.is_complex_dtype
`pandas.api.types.is_complex_dtype` Check whether the provided array or dtype is of a complex dtype. ``` >>> is_complex_dtype(str) False >>> is_complex_dtype(int) False >>> is_complex_dtype(np.complex_) True >>> is_complex_dtype(np.array(['a', 'b'])) False >>> is_complex_dtype(pd.Series([1, 2])) False >>> is_complex_dt...
pandas.api.types.is_complex_dtype(arr_or_dtype)[source]# Check whether the provided array or dtype is of a complex dtype. Parameters arr_or_dtypearray-like or dtypeThe array or dtype to check. Returns booleanWhether or not the array or dtype is of a complex dtype. Examples >>> is_complex_dtype(str) False >>> ...
reference/api/pandas.api.types.is_complex_dtype.html
pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.cummax
`pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.cummax` Cumulative max for each group.
DataFrameGroupBy.cummax(axis=0, numeric_only=False, **kwargs)[source]# Cumulative max for each group. Returns Series or DataFrame See also Series.groupbyApply a function groupby to a Series. DataFrame.groupbyApply a function groupby to each row or column of a DataFrame.
reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.cummax.html
pandas.Series.between_time
`pandas.Series.between_time` Select values between particular times of the day (e.g., 9:00-9:30 AM). ``` >>> i = pd.date_range('2018-04-09', periods=4, freq='1D20min') >>> ts = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, index=i) >>> ts A 2018-04-09 00:00:00 1 2018-04-10 00:20:00 2 2018-04-11 00:40:00 3 2...
Series.between_time(start_time, end_time, include_start=_NoDefault.no_default, include_end=_NoDefault.no_default, inclusive=None, axis=None)[source]# Select values between particular times of the day (e.g., 9:00-9:30 AM). By setting start_time to be later than end_time, you can get the times that are not between the tw...
reference/api/pandas.Series.between_time.html
pandas.Interval.open_left
`pandas.Interval.open_left` Check if the interval is open on the left side.
Interval.open_left# Check if the interval is open on the left side. For the meaning of closed and open see Interval. Returns boolTrue if the Interval is not closed on the left-side.
reference/api/pandas.Interval.open_left.html
pandas.describe_option
`pandas.describe_option` Prints the description for one or more registered options.
pandas.describe_option(pat, _print_desc=False) = <pandas._config.config.CallableDynamicDoc object># Prints the description for one or more registered options. Call with no arguments to get a listing for all registered options. Available options: compute.[use_bottleneck, use_numba, use_numexpr] display.[chop_threshold,...
reference/api/pandas.describe_option.html
pandas.Series.idxmin
`pandas.Series.idxmin` Return the row label of the minimum value. If multiple values equal the minimum, the first row label with that value is returned. ``` >>> s = pd.Series(data=[1, None, 4, 1], ... index=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']) >>> s A 1.0 B NaN C 4.0 D 1.0 dtype: float64 ```
Series.idxmin(axis=0, skipna=True, *args, **kwargs)[source]# Return the row label of the minimum value. If multiple values equal the minimum, the first row label with that value is returned. Parameters axis{0 or ‘index’}Unused. Parameter needed for compatibility with DataFrame. skipnabool, default TrueExclude NA/nul...
reference/api/pandas.Series.idxmin.html
pandas.DatetimeIndex.weekofyear
`pandas.DatetimeIndex.weekofyear` The week ordinal of the year.
property DatetimeIndex.weekofyear[source]# The week ordinal of the year. Deprecated since version 1.1.0. weekofyear and week have been deprecated. Please use DatetimeIndex.isocalendar().week instead.
reference/api/pandas.DatetimeIndex.weekofyear.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Hour.apply_index
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Hour.apply_index` Vectorized apply of DateOffset to DatetimeIndex.
Hour.apply_index()# Vectorized apply of DateOffset to DatetimeIndex. Deprecated since version 1.1.0: Use offset + dtindex instead. Parameters indexDatetimeIndex Returns DatetimeIndex Raises NotImplementedErrorWhen the specific offset subclass does not have a vectorized implementation.
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Hour.apply_index.html
pandas.core.window.rolling.Rolling.max
`pandas.core.window.rolling.Rolling.max` Calculate the rolling maximum. Include only float, int, boolean columns.
Rolling.max(numeric_only=False, *args, engine=None, engine_kwargs=None, **kwargs)[source]# Calculate the rolling maximum. Parameters numeric_onlybool, default FalseInclude only float, int, boolean columns. New in version 1.5.0. *argsFor NumPy compatibility and will not have an effect on the result. Deprecated sin...
reference/api/pandas.core.window.rolling.Rolling.max.html
pandas.Index.set_value
`pandas.Index.set_value` Fast lookup of value from 1-dimensional ndarray.
final Index.set_value(arr, key, value)[source]# Fast lookup of value from 1-dimensional ndarray. Deprecated since version 1.0. Notes Only use this if you know what you’re doing.
reference/api/pandas.Index.set_value.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.Easter.is_quarter_end
`pandas.tseries.offsets.Easter.is_quarter_end` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the quarter end. ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_quarter_end(ts) False ```
Easter.is_quarter_end()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the quarter end. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_quarter_end(ts) False
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.Easter.is_quarter_end.html
pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.set_table_styles
`pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.set_table_styles` Set the table styles included within the <style> HTML element. ``` >>> df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 4), ... columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']) >>> df.style.set_table_styles( ... [{'selector': 'tr:hover', ... 'props': [('background-color',...
Styler.set_table_styles(table_styles=None, axis=0, overwrite=True, css_class_names=None)[source]# Set the table styles included within the <style> HTML element. This function can be used to style the entire table, columns, rows or specific HTML selectors. Parameters table_styleslist or dictIf supplying a list, each i...
reference/api/pandas.io.formats.style.Styler.set_table_styles.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.FY5253Quarter.get_weeks
pandas.tseries.offsets.FY5253Quarter.get_weeks
FY5253Quarter.get_weeks()#
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.FY5253Quarter.get_weeks.html
pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.corrwith
`pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.corrwith` Compute pairwise correlation. ``` >>> index = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] >>> columns = ["one", "two", "three", "four"] >>> df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(20).reshape(5, 4), index=index, columns=columns) >>> df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4), index=index[:4], col...
property DataFrameGroupBy.corrwith[source]# Compute pairwise correlation. Pairwise correlation is computed between rows or columns of DataFrame with rows or columns of Series or DataFrame. DataFrames are first aligned along both axes before computing the correlations. Parameters otherDataFrame, SeriesObject with whic...
reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.corrwith.html
pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterEnd.is_year_end
`pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterEnd.is_year_end` Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the year end. Examples ``` >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_year_end(ts) False ```
QuarterEnd.is_year_end()# Return boolean whether a timestamp occurs on the year end. Examples >>> ts = pd.Timestamp(2022, 1, 1) >>> freq = pd.offsets.Hour(5) >>> freq.is_year_end(ts) False
reference/api/pandas.tseries.offsets.QuarterEnd.is_year_end.html
pandas.Series.corr
`pandas.Series.corr` Compute correlation with other Series, excluding missing values. The two Series objects are not required to be the same length and will be aligned internally before the correlation function is applied. ``` >>> def histogram_intersection(a, b): ... v = np.minimum(a, b).sum().round(decimals=1) .....
Series.corr(other, method='pearson', min_periods=None)[source]# Compute correlation with other Series, excluding missing values. The two Series objects are not required to be the same length and will be aligned internally before the correlation function is applied. Parameters otherSeriesSeries with which to compute t...
reference/api/pandas.Series.corr.html