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covid-qa-squad

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id int64 225 5.32k	title stringclasses 1 value	context stringlengths 2.88k 70.8k	question stringlengths 11 194	answers stringlengths 39 975
4,123	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What growing dysjunction has been witnessed?	{'text': ["a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no less, between broadening strides in fundamental biomedical research and their incommensurate reach into the clinic. "], 'answer_start': [292]}
4,124	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What is aiming to incorporate pathways to translation at the earliest stages?	{'text': [' recent changes in the structure of government funding, 2 new public and private joint ventures and specialist undergraduate and postgraduate courses'], 'answer_start': [502]}
4,125	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	How much have the number of biomedical research publications targeting 'translational' concepts has increased ?	{'text': ['exponentially, up 1800%'], 'answer_start': [842]}
4,126	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What ways to solve the issues are outlined?	{'text': ["by creatively leveraging the so-called 'strengths' of viruses. Viral RNA polymerisation and reverse transcription enable resistance to treatment by conferring extraordinary genetic diversity. "], 'answer_start': [2042]}
4,127	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	How do these exact processes ultimately restrict viral infectivity?	{'text': [' by strongly limiting virus genome sizes and their incorporation of new information. '], 'answer_start': [2302]}
4,128	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What does the author coin this evolutionary dilemma as?	{'text': ["'information economy paradox'."], 'answer_start': [2424]}
4,129	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	How do many viruses resolve this ?	{'text': ['by manipulating multifunctional or multitasking host cell proteins (MMHPs), thereby maximising host subversion and viral infectivity at minimal informational cost.'], 'answer_start': [2492]}
4,130	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	How may this "Achilles Heel" be safely targeted?	{'text': [' via host-oriented therapies to impose devastating informational and fitness barriers on escape mutant selection.'], 'answer_start': [2725]}
4,131	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	Why may MMHP-targeting therapies exhibit both robust and broadspectrum antiviral efficacy?	{'text': ['since MMHPs are often conserved targets within and between virus families,'], 'answer_start': [2852]}
4,132	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What will achieving this through drug repurposing do?	{'text': [' break the vicious cycle of escalating therapeutic development costs and trivial escape mutant selection, both quickly and in multiple places. '], 'answer_start': [3058]}
4,133	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What are also discussed by the author?	{'text': [' alternative posttranslational and RNA-based antiviral approaches, designer vaccines, immunotherapy and the emerging field of neo-virology.'], 'answer_start': [3215]}
4,134	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What does the author anticipate international efforts will do?	{'text': [' will enable the tapping of useful new biological functions and processes, methods for controlling infection, and the deployment of symbiotic or subclinical viruses in new therapies and biotechnologies that are so crucially needed.'], 'answer_start': [3429]}
4,138	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What do pathogens do upon infection?	{'text': ['stimulate expression of numerous host inflammatory factors that support recruitment and activation of immune cells. '], 'answer_start': [3688]}
4,139	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What is the flip side ?	{'text': ['this same process also causes immunopathology when prolonged or deregulated.'], 'answer_start': [3822]}
4,140	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What do RBPs do?	{'text': ['post-transcriptionally control expression of crucial inflammatory factors in various tissues and their potential therapeutic applications'], 'answer_start': [4022]}
4,141	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What is included in RBPs?	{'text': ['tristetraprolin and AUF1'], 'answer_start': [4182]}
4,142	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What do tristetraprolin and AUF1, do?	{'text': ['promote degradation of AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA'], 'answer_start': [4214]}
4,143	title	Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115 SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf Authors: Heaton, Steven M Date: 2020 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115 License: cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l...	What do RBPs include?	{'text': ['members of the Roquin and Regnase families'], 'answer_start': [4276]}

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