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the same quality of life to which Floridians
are accustomed. For example, buildings
may need to be designed to new standards or located farther from vulnerable
shorelines.
R E S EARCH P R IOR I T I E S
The Florida Oceans and Coastal Council has
recommended a number of priorities for ocean
and coastal research to improve levels of
certainty about how climate change will affect
Florida. These include designing and establishing real­time, interdisciplinary observing
systems both for Florida waters and for ­
contiguous waters that affect the Florida coastline, as well as further investigating ocean and
coastal ecosystems, water quality, and tools
and technology. To accurately predict climate
change, it is essential to develop and use
models that couple the atmosphere and
oceans, and to do so on appropriately fine
spatial scales to address the changes relevant
to Florida.
— ­
S E C T I O N
Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change:
The 2007 Report SummaryII.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a
scientific intergovernmental body, was established in
1988 by the World Meteorological Organization
and the United Nations Environment Programme. It
is made up of a large, diverse group of scientists,
governmental representatives, and individuals from
around the world. It does not conduct research or
monitoring, or make policy recommendations.
Instead, the panel uses a scientific peer review
process to assess the latest scientific, technical, and
socioeconomic findings, providing decision makers
and otherswith an objective source of information (7).
In 2007, both the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate
Change and former U.S. Vice President Al Gore Jr.
were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their
efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man­made climate change, and to lay
the foundations for the measures that are needed to
counteract such change" (8).
“Warming of the climate system is unequivocal,
as is now evident from observations of increases
in global average air and ocean temperatures,
widespread melting of snow and ice and rising
global average sea level.”
Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report (Inter
governmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007)
In 2007, the panel issued its fourth report on global
climate change (previous reports were issued in
1990, 1992, 1995, and 2001) (1). Building on
earlier work, the report presents the findings of three
major working groups on the physical science of
climate; impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability; and
mitigation. Highlights are as follows:
Observed changes indicating global climate
change:
• Eleven of the last 12 years have been subject to
the warmest temperatures since 1850.
• Sea levels have been rising faster since 1993.
• Satellite data show Arctic sea ice, mountain
glaciers, and snow cover have shrunk since 1978.
Causes of global climate change:
• Concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially
carbon dioxide, have increased.
• Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 80 percent between 1970 and 2004.
Projected global climate change and impacts:
• Greenhouse gas emissions will continue to increase.
• This increase will induce greater climate change in
the 21st century.
• Atomospheric warming of 0.4 degrees Fahrenheit
(0.2 degress Celsius) per decade is projected.
• Warming will likely be greatest in the northern
latitudes.
• Permafrost and icepacks will thaw at faster rates.
• Increases in temperature maxima will be associated with heavier precipitation.
• Storm intensity will likely increase; periods of
drought may be longer.
• Ocean acidity will increase.
• Coastal flooding will increase due to sea­level rise
and storms.
• Human health will be affected by increased heat,
floods, drought, and disease.
• Some changes in climate could be abrupt and
irreversible.
Available adaptations and steps to slow the pace
of global climate change:
• Increase water reuse and rainwater harvesting.
• Create natural buffers against sea­level rise.
• Develop heat­health action plans.
• Develop renewable energy sources; reduce
carbon dioxide emissions.
5
II
S E C T I O N
III.
Climate Change and Florida’s