Contexts stringlengths 0 32.3k | Questions stringlengths 14 191 | Answers stringlengths 0 29.1k |
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| What to do for Glomerular Diseases ? | - The kidneys filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. - The filtering process takes place in the nephron, where microscopic blood vessel filters, called glomeruli, are attached to fluid-collecting tubules. - A number of different disease processes can damage the glomeruli and thereby cause kidney failure. Glomer... |
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Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What is (are) Causes of Diabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
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Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ... |
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Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction
Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What to do for Causes of Diabetes ? | - Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i... |
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| What is (are) Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Simple kidney cysts are abnormal, fluid-filled sacs that form in the kidneys. Simple kidney cysts are different from the cysts that develop when a person has polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic disorder. Simple kidney cysts do not enlarge the kidneys, replace their normal structure, or cause reduced kid... |
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| What is (are) Simple Kidney Cysts ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys process about 200 quarts of blood to filter out about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of waste products and extra water... |
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| What causes Simple Kidney Cysts ? | The cause of simple kidney cysts is not fully understood. Obstruction of tubulestiny structures within the kidneys that collect urineor deficiency of blood supply to the kidneys may play a role. Diverticulasacs that form on the tubulesmay detach and become simple kidney cysts. The role of genetic factors in the develop... |
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| What are the symptoms of Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Simple kidney cysts usually do not cause symptoms or harm the kidneys. In some cases, however, pain can occur between the ribs and hips when cysts enlarge and press on other organs. Sometimes cysts become infected, causing fever, pain, and tenderness. Simple kidney cysts are not thought to affect kidney function, but o... |
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| How to diagnose Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Most simple kidney cysts are found during imaging tests done for other reasons. When a cyst is found, the following imaging tests can be used to determine whether it is a simple kidney cyst or another, more serious condition. These imaging tests are performed at an outpatient center or hospital by a specially trained t... |
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| What are the treatments for Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Treatment is not needed for simple kidney cysts that do not cause any symptoms. Simple kidney cysts may be monitored with periodic ultrasounds.
Simple kidney cysts that are causing symptoms or blocking the flow of blood or urine through the kidney may need to be treated using a procedure called sclerot... |
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| What to do for Simple Kidney Cysts ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing simple kidney cysts. |
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| What to do for Simple Kidney Cysts ? | - Simple kidney cysts are abnormal, fluid-filled sacs that form in the kidneys. - Simple kidney cysts usually do not cause symptoms or harm the kidneys. - Most simple kidney cysts are found during imaging tests done for other reasons. - Treatment is not needed for simple kidney cysts that do not cause any symptoms. ... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Lactose
*
intestine
lactase
,
enzyme
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type. |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products.
If your small intestine does not produce much lactase, you cannot break down much lactose. Lactose that does not break down goes to your colon. The colon is an organ that absorbs water ... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Common symptoms of lactose intolerance include
- bloating, a feeling of fullness or swelling, in your belly - pain in your belly - diarrhea - gas - nausea
You may feel symptoms 30 minutes to 2 hours after you have milk or milk products. You may have mild or severe symptoms. |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Talk with your doctor about your dietary plan. A dietary plan can help you manage the symptoms of lactose intolerance and get enough nutrients. If you have a child with lactose intolerance, follow the diet plan that your childs doctor recommends.
Milk and milk products. You may be able to have milk and... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | - Lactose is a sugar found in milk and milk products. - Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products. - Your doctor will try to find out if you have lactose intolerance with a medical, family, and diet history; a physical exam; and medical tests.... |
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| What is (are) Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. Acute urinary retention happens suddenly and lasts only a short time. People with acute urinary retention cannot urinate at all, even though they have a full bladder. Acute urinary retention, a potentially lif... |
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| What is (are) Urinary Retention ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. In order for normal urination to occur, all body parts in the urinary tract need to work together in the correct order.
Kidneys. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of... |
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| What causes Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention can result from
- obstruction of the urethra - nerve problems - medications - weakened bladder muscles
Obstruction of the Urethra
Obstruction of the urethra causes urinary retention by blocking the normal urine flow out of the body. Conditions such... |
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| How many people are affected by Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention in men becomes more common with age.
- In men 40 to 83 years old, the overall incidence of urinary retention is 4.5 to 6.8 per 1,000 men.2 - For men in their 70s, the overall incidence increases to 100 per 1,000 men.2 - For men in their 80s, the incidence of acute urinary retention ... |
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| What are the symptoms of Urinary Retention ? | The symptoms of acute urinary retention may include the following and require immediate medical attention:
- inability to urinate - painful, urgent need to urinate - pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen - bloating of the lower abdomen
The symptoms of chronic urinary retention may... |
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| How to diagnose Urinary Retention ? | A health care provider diagnoses acute or chronic urinary retention with
- a physical exam - postvoid residual measurement
A health care provider may use the following medical tests to help determine the cause of urinary retention:
- cystoscopy - computerized tomogra... |
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| What are the treatments for Urinary Retention ? | A health care provider treats urinary retention with
- bladder drainage - urethral dilation - urethral stents - prostate medications - surgery
The type and length of treatment depend on the type and cause of urinary retention.
Bladder Drainage
Blad... |
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| What are the treatments for Urinary Retention ? | Complications of urinary retention and its treatments may include
- UTIs - bladder damage - kidney damage - urinary incontinence after prostate, tumor, or cancer surgery
UTIs. Urine is normally sterile, and the normal flow of urine usually prevents bacteria from infecting the urinar... |
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| How to prevent Urinary Retention ? | People can prevent urinary retention before it occurs by treating some of the potential causes. For example, men with benign prostatic hyperplasia should take prostate medications as prescribed by their health care provider. Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia should avoid medications associated with urinary retentio... |
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| What to do for Urinary Retention ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing urinary retention. |
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| What to do for Urinary Retention ? | - Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. - Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. - Urinary retention can result from - obstruction of the urethra - nerve problems - medications - weakened bladder muscles - The symptoms of acute urinary retention may include the follo... |
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| What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. People with diabetes can, over time, develop nerve damage throughout the body. Some people with nerve damage have no symptoms. Others may have symptoms such as pain, tingling, or numbnessloss of feelingin the hands, arms, feet, and legs. Nerve pr... |
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| What causes Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | The causes are probably different for different types of diabetic neuropathy. Researchers are studying how prolonged exposure to high blood glucose causes nerve damage. Nerve damage is likely due to a combination of factors:
- metabolic factors, such as high blood glucose, long duration of diabetes, ab... |
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| What are the symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Symptoms depend on the type of neuropathy and which nerves are affected. Some people with nerve damage have no symptoms at all. For others, the first symptom is often numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet. Symptoms are often minor at first, and because most nerve damage occurs over several years, mild cases may go un... |
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| What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Diabetic neuropathy can be classified as peripheral, autonomic, proximal, or focal. Each affects different parts of the body in various ways.
- Peripheral neuropathy, the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms. - Autonomic neuro... |
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| What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Peripheral neuropathy, also called distal symmetric neuropathy or sensorimotor neuropathy, is nerve damage in the arms and legs. Feet and legs are likely to be affected before hands and arms. Many people with diabetes have signs of neuropathy that a doctor could note but feel no symptoms themselves. Symptoms of periphe... |
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| What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Autonomic neuropathy affects the nerves that control the heart, regulate blood pressure, and control blood glucose levels. Autonomic neuropathy also affects other internal organs, causing problems with digestion, respiratory function, urination, sexual response, and vision. In addition, the system that restores blood g... |
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| What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Proximal neuropathy, sometimes called lumbosacral plexus neuropathy, femoral neuropathy, or diabetic amyotrophy, starts with pain in the thighs, hips, buttocks, or legs, usually on one side of the body. This type of neuropathy is more common in those with type 2 diabetes and in older adults with diabetes. Proximal neur... |
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| What is (are) Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Focal neuropathy appears suddenly and affects specific nerves, most often in the head, torso, or leg. Focal neuropathy may cause
- inability to focus the eye - double vision - aching behind one eye - paralysis on one side of the face, called Bell's palsy - severe pain in the lower back or pelv... |
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| How to prevent Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | The best way to prevent neuropathy is to keep blood glucose levels as close to the normal range as possible. Maintaining safe blood glucose levels protects nerves throughout the body. |
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| How to diagnose Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | Doctors diagnose neuropathy on the basis of symptoms and a physical exam. During the exam, the doctor may check blood pressure, heart rate, muscle strength, reflexes, and sensitivity to position changes, vibration, temperature, or light touch.
Foot Exams
Experts recommend that people w... |
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| What are the treatments for Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | The first treatment step is to bring blood glucose levels within the normal range to help prevent further nerve damage. Blood glucose monitoring, meal planning, physical activity, and diabetes medicines or insulin will help control blood glucose levels. Symptoms may get worse when blood glucose is first brought under c... |
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| What to do for Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes ? | - Diabetic neuropathies are nerve disorders caused by many of the abnormalities common to diabetes, such as high blood glucose. - Neuropathy can affect nerves throughout the body, causing numbness and sometimes pain in the hands, arms, feet, or legs, and problems with the digestive tract, heart, sex organs, and other ... |
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| What is (are) Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC is a disease that damages and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. Bile is a liquid made in the liver. Bile ducts are tubes that carry bile out of the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. In the intestine, bile helps break down fat in food.
In PSC, inflammation of the bile ducts... |
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| What causes Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The causes of PSC are not known. Genes, immune system problems, bacteria, and viruses may play roles in the development of the disease.
PSC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About three out of four people with PSC have a type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. The link between PSC and IBD i... |
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| Who is at risk for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis? ? | Most people with PSC are adults but the disease also occurs in children. The average age at diagnosis is 40. PSC is more common in men than women. Having family members with PSC may increase a person's risk for developing PSC. |
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| What are the symptoms of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The main symptoms of PSC are itching, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. An infection in the bile ducts can cause chills and fever. PSC progresses slowly, so a person can have the disease for years before symptoms develop. |
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| What are the complications of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC can lead to various complications, including
- deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K - infections of the bile ducts - cirrhosisextensive scarring of the liver - liver failure - bile duct cancer |
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| How to diagnose Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Blood tests to check levels of liver enzymes are the first step in diagnosing PSC. Doctors confirm the diagnosis using cholangiography, which provides pictures of the bile ducts.
Cholangiography can be performed in the following ways:
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (... |
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| What are the treatments for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Although researchers have studied many treatments, none has been shown to cure or slow the progress of PSC. Treatment of PSC aims to relieve symptoms and manage complications. Medical treatment may include various medications to relieve itching, antibiotics to treat infections, and vitamin supplements. Instruments pass... |
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| What to do for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | - Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) inflames, scars, and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. - When bile ducts become blocked, bile builds up in the liver and damages liver cells. - PSC can lead to vitamin deficiencies, infections, bile duct cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure, and the need for a liver tr... |
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| What is (are) I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians ? | Diabetes causes blood glucose levels to be above normal. People with diabetes have problems converting food to energy. After food is eaten, it is broken down into a sugar called glucose. Glucose is then carried by the blood to cells throughout the body. The hormone insulin, made in the pancreas, helps the body change b... |
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| What are the symptoms of I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians ? | Many people have no visible signs or symptoms of diabetes. Symptoms can also be so mild that you might not notice them. More than 5 million people in the United States have type 2 diabetes and do not know it.
- increased thirst - increased hunger - fatigue - increased urination, especially at nigh... |
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| Who is at risk for I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians? ? | - My mother had diabetes when I was born. - I am overweight. - I have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes. - My family background is American Indian. - I have had gestational diabetes, or I gave birth to at least one baby weighing more than 9 pounds. - My blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher, or I have ... |
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| Who is at risk for I Can Lower My Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Guide for American Indians? ? | - Reach and maintain a reasonable body weight. - Make wise food choices most of the time. - Be physically active every day. - Take your prescribed medicines.
Doing these things can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Keeping your blood pressure and cholesterol on target also helps you st... |
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| What is (are) Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscopeincluding fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Bacteria are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are rapidly removed by the body before they cause symptoms. ... |
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| What is (are) Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist and located below the ribs, one on each side of the spine, toward the middle of t... |
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| What causes Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel. The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes the vast majority of UTIs. The urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the ureters attach to the bladder act like one-way valves to prevent urine from backing up, or refluxing, towar... |
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| How many people are affected by Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Urinary tract infections affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year. UTIs account for more than 1 million visits to pediatricians offices every year.1 |
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| Who is at risk for Urinary Tract Infections in Children? ? | Throughout childhood, the risk of having a UTI is 2 percent for boys and 8 percent for girls. Having an anomaly of the urinary tract, such as urine reflux from the bladder back into the ureters, increases the risk of a UTI. Boys who are younger than 6 months old who are not circumcised are at greater risk for a UTI tha... |
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| What are the symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Symptoms of a UTI range from slight burning with urination or unusual-smelling urine to severe pain and high fever. A child with a UTI may also have no symptoms. A UTI causes irritation of the lining of the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys, just as the inside of the nose or the throat becomes irritated with a col... |
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| How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Only a health care provider can determine whether a child has a UTI.
A urine sample will be collected and examined. The way urine is collected depends on the childs age:
- If the child is not yet toilet trained, the health care provider may place a plastic collection bag over the child... |
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| What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, which are treated with bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics or antimicrobials. While a urine sample is sent to a laboratory, the health care provider may begin treatment with an antibiotic that treats the bacteria most likely to be causing the infection. Once culture result... |
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| How to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Once the infection has cleared, more tests may be recommended to check for abnormalities in the urinary tract. Repeated infections in an abnormal urinary tract may cause kidney damage. The kinds of tests ordered will depend on the child and the type of urinary infection. Because no single test can tell everything about... |
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| What are the treatments for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Some abnormalities in the urinary tract correct themselves as the child grows, but some may require surgical correction. While milder forms of VUR may resolve on their own, one common procedure to correct VUR is the reimplantation of the ureters. During this procedure, the surgeon repositions the connection between the... |
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| How to prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | If a child has a normal urinary tract, parents can help the child avoid UTIs by encouraging regular trips to the bathroom. The parents should make sure the child gets enough to drink if infrequent urination is a problem. The child should be taught proper cleaning techniques after using the bathroom to keep bacteria fro... |
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| What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | Children with a UTI should drink as much as they wish and not be forced to drink large amounts of fluid. The health care provider needs to know if a child is not interested in drinking or is unable to drink. |
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| What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ? | - Urinary tract infections (UTIs) usually occur when the body fails to remove bacteria rapidly from the urinary tract. - UTIs affect about 3 percent of children in the United States every year. - Most UTIs are not serious, but chronic kidney infections can cause permanent damage. - A UTI in a young child may be a si... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Gas ? | Gas is air in the digestive tract. Gas leaves the body when people burp through the mouth or pass gas through the anus*the opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool leaves the body.
Everyone has gas. Burping and passing gas are normal. Many people believe that they burp or pass gas too ofte... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Gas ? | Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine.
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the underlined words.
You typically swallow a small amount of air when you eat and drink. You swallow more air w... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Gas ? | Most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas. Foods that cause gas for one person may not cause gas for someone else. Some foods that contain carbohydrates and may cause gas are
- beans - vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, onions, mushrooms, artichokes, and asp... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Gas ? | The most common symptoms of gas are:
- Burping. Burping once in awhile, especially during and after meals, is normal. If you burp very often, you may be swallowing too much air. Some people with digestive problems swallow air on purpose and burp because they believe it will help them feel better. - Pa... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Gas ? | You can try to find the cause of gas by keeping a diary of what you eat and drink and how often you burp, pass gas, or have other symptoms. The diary may help you identify the foods that cause you to have gas.
Talk with your health care provider if
- gas symptoms often bother you - yo... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Gas ? | You can try to treat gas on your own, before seeing your health care provider, if you think you have too much.
Swallowing less air and changing what you eat can help prevent or reduce gas. Try the following tips:
- Eat more slowly. - If you smoke, quit or cut down. - If you wear dent... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Gas ? | Your eating habits and diet affect the amount of gas you have. For example, eating and drinking too fast can cause you to swallow more air. And you may have more gas after you eat certain carbohydrates.
Track what you eat and your gas symptoms to find out what foods cause you to have more gas. Avoid or... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Gas ? | - Gas is air in the digestive tract. - Everyone has gas. Burping and passing gas are normal. - Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine. - Most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas. - Foods that cause gas for one person may no... |
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| What is (are) Whipple Disease ? | Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine. The infection may spread to any organ in the body; however, it more commonly affects the
- joints - central nervous system, which includes the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves located throughout the body - hea... |
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| What is (are) Whipple Disease ? | The small intestine is part of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is a tube-shaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. The upper GI tract also includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, or the first part of the small intestine.
Most food digestion and nutrient absorption ta... |
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| What causes Whipple Disease ? | Bacteria called Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) cause Whipple disease. T. whipplei infection can cause internal sores, also called lesions, and thickening of tissues in the small intestine. The villi take on an abnormal, clublike appearance and the damaged intestinal lining does not properly absorb nutrients, causing... |
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| What are the symptoms of Whipple Disease ? | Signs and symptoms of Whipple disease can vary widely from person to person. The most common symptoms of Whipple disease are
- diarrhea - weight loss caused by malabsorption
A person may not have diarrhea. Instead, other signs and symptoms of Whipple disease may appear, such as
... |
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| What are the complications of Whipple Disease ? | People with Whipple disease may have complications caused by malnutrition, which is due to damaged villi in the small intestine. As a result of delayed diagnosis or treatment, people may experience the following complications in other areas of the body:
- long-lasting nutritional deficiencies - heart ... |
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| How to diagnose Whipple Disease ? | A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Whipple disease, including the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - blood tests - upper GI endoscopy and enteroscopy
A patient may be referred to a gastroenterologista doctor who specializes in d... |
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| What are the treatments for Whipple Disease ? | The health care provider prescribes antibiotics to destroy the T. whipplei bacteria and treat Whipple disease. Health care providers choose antibiotics that treat the infection in the small intestine and cross the blood-brain barriera layer of tissue around the brain. Using antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barrie... |
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| How to prevent Whipple Disease ? | Experts have not yet found a way to prevent Whipple disease. |
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| What to do for Whipple Disease ? | A person with Whipple disease and malabsorption may need
- a diet high in calories and protein - vitamins - nutritional supplements |
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| What to do for Whipple Disease ? | - Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine. Left untreated, Whipple disease gets worse and is usually life threatening. - Bacteria called Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) cause Whipple disease. T. whipplei infection can cause internal sores, also called lesions, and thi... |
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| What is (are) Perineal Injury in Males ? | Perineal injury is an injury to the perineum, the part of the body between the anus and the genitals, or sex organs. In males, the perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum, the external pouch of skin that holds the testicles. Injuries to the perineum can happen suddenly, as in an accident, or gradually, as... |
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| What are the complications of Perineal Injury in Males ? | Injury to the blood vessels, nerves, and muscles in the perineum can lead to complications such as
- bladder control problems - sexual problems
Bladder control problems. The nerves in the perineum carry signals from the bladder to the spinal cord and brain, telling the brain when the ... |
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| What causes Perineal Injury in Males ? | Common causes of acute perineal injury in males include
- perineal surgery - straddle injuries - sexual abuse - impalement
Perineal Surgery
Acute perineal injury may result from surgical procedures that require an incision in the perineum:
- A prost... |
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| What causes Perineal Injury in Males ? | Chronic perineal injury most often results from a job-or sport-related practicesuch as bike, motorcycle, or horseback ridingor a long-term condition such as chronic constipation.
Bike Riding
Sitting on a narrow, saddle-style bike seatwhich has a protruding nose in the frontplaces far m... |
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| Who is at risk for Perineal Injury in Males? ? | Men who have perineal surgery are most likely to have an acute perineal injury. Straddle injuries are most common among people who ride motorcycles, bikes, or horses and children who use playground equipment. Impalement injuries are most common in military personnel engaged in combat. Impalement injuries can also occur... |
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| What are the treatments for Perineal Injury in Males ? | Treatments for perineal injury vary with the severity and type of injury. Tears or incisions may require stitches. Traumatic or piercing injuries may require surgery to repair damaged pelvic floor muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Treatment for these acute injuries may also include antibiotics to prevent infection. A... |
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| How to prevent Perineal Injury in Males ? | Preventing perineal injury requires being aware of and taking steps to minimize the dangers of activities such as construction work or bike riding:
- People should talk with their health care provider about the benefits and risks of perineal surgery well before the operation. - People who play or work... |
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| What to do for Perineal Injury in Males ? | To prevent constipation, a diet with 20 to 35 grams of fiber each day helps the body form soft, bulky stool that is easier to pass. High-fiber foods include beans, whole grains and bran cereals, fresh fruits, and vegetables such as asparagus, brussels sprouts, cabbage, and carrots. For people prone to constipation, lim... |
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| What to do for Perineal Injury in Males ? | - Perineal injury is an injury to the perineum, the part of the body between the anus and the genitals, or sex organs. In males, the perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum, the external pouch of skin that holds the testicles. - Injury to the blood vessels, nerves, and muscles in the perineum can lead to... |
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| What is (are) Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare condition with symptoms that resemble those caused by a blockage, or obstruction, of the intestines, also called the bowel. However, when a health care provider examines the intestines, no blockage exists. Instead, the symptoms are due to nerve or muscle problems that affect the ... |
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| What causes Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Problems with nerves, muscles, or interstitial cells of Cajal cause intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Interstitial cells of Cajal are called pacemaker cells because they set the pace of intestinal contractions. These cells convey messages from nerves to muscles.
Problems with nerves, muscles, or interstit... |
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| What are the symptoms of Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | Intestinal pseudo-obstruction symptoms may include
- abdominal swelling or bloating, also called distension - abdominal pain - nausea - vomiting - constipation - diarrhea
Over time, the condition can cause malnutrition, bacterial overgrowth in the intestines, and weight loss. Maln... |
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| How to diagnose Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction ? | To diagnose intestinal pseudo-obstruction, a health care provider may suggest the person consult a gastroenterologista doctor who specializes in digestive diseases. A health care provider will perform a physical exam; take a complete medical history, imaging studies, and a biopsy; and perform blood tests. A health care... |
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