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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. DONALD J. TRUMP, Defendant. * * * * * * * * CRIMINAL NO. 23-cr-257 (TSC) GOVERNMENT'S MOTION FOR IMMUNITY DETERMINATIONS The defendant asserts that he is immune from prosecution for his criminal scheme to overturn the 2020 pres... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-2-This motion provides the framework for conducting the “necessarily factbound” immunity analysis required by the Supreme Court's remand order. Trump, 144 S. Ct. at 2340. It proceeds in four parts. Section I provides a detailed statement of the case that the Government intends to prove at trial. This includes the cond... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-3-immunity. And all of the defendant's remaining conduct was unofficial: as content, form, and context show, the defendant was acting in his capacity as a candidate for reelection, not in his capacity as President. In the alternative, if any of this conduct were deemed official, the Government could rebut the presumpt... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
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-6-claimed that mail-in ballots were inherently fraudulent, and asserted that only votes counted by election day were valid. For instance: In an interview on July 19, 2020, when asked repeatedly if he would accept the results of the election, the defendant said he would “have to see” and “it depends. ”5 On July 30, des... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
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-16-election fraud in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin that had been publicly, or directly, debunked. 61The defendant used these lies to inflameand motivate the large and angry crowd of his supporters to march to the Capitol and disrupt the certification proceeding. 62 C. The Defendant Ai... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
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-80-Fox News's coverage of events at the Capitol included, at about 2:12 p. m., reports of the Capitol being on lockdown and showed video footage of large crowds within the restricted area surrounding the Capitol; much of the crowd was wearing clothing and carrying flags evidencing their allegiance to the defendant. 45... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-81-building. 463 The defendant issued the incendiary Tweet about Pence despite knowing—as he would later admit in an interview in 2023—that his supporters “listen to [him] like no one else. ”464 One minute later, at 2:25 p. m., the Secret Service was forced to evacuate Pence to a secure location. 465 At the Capitol, t... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
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-86-which the President has no immunity. Id. at 2327, 2331-32. With respect to the first category of core official conduct, when the President's authority to act is “'conclusive and preclusive,'” Congress may not regulate his actions, and the President has absolute immunity from criminal prosecution. Id. at 2327 (quoti... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-87-so in an unofficial, private capacity as office-seeker, not an official capacity as office-holder. And actions taken in an unofficial capacity cannot qualify for official-act immunity. ”) (emphasis in original). To assess whether a presidential action constitutes an “official” act, courts must apply an “objective a... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-88-impermissibly on Executive Branch authority and functions. Cf. Trump, 144 S. Ct. at 2327 (“If the President claims authority to act but in fact exercises mere 'individual will' and 'authority without law,' the courts may say so. ”) (quoting Youngstown, 343 U. S. at 655 (Jackson, J., concurring)). These principles f... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-89-Pence is rebutted. Other than the specific official conduct related to Pence that the Supreme Court held to be official, none of the defendant's other actions were official. This section categorizes that conduct and provides the “content, form, and context” that establishes its unofficial nature. These categories a... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
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-91-a rebuttable presumption of immunity, because they involved “the President and the Vice President discuss[ing] their official responsibilities. ” Id. at 2336. Those discussions qualify as official because “[p]residing over the January 6 certification proceeding at which Members of Congress count the electoral votes... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-92-has such a majority, does the choice fall to the House of Representatives, who, voting by state delegation, “choose immediately, by ballot,” from the three presidential candidates receiving the most electoral votes. Id. There, too, the Executive Branch plays no role in the process. The exclusion of the Executive Br... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-93-office. '” Trump, 144 S. Ct. at 2339 (quoting The Federalist No. 68 (A. Hamilton)). They were keenly aware, as Justice Story later explained, that “an ambitious candidate” could hold out “the rewards of office, or other sources of patronage,” in an effort “to influence a majority of votes; and, thus, by his own bol... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-94-The defendant's charged conduct directly contravenes these foundational principles. He sought to encroach on powers specifically assigned by the Constitution to other branches, to advance his own self-interest and perpetuate himself in power, contrary to the will of the people. As such, applying a criminal prohibit... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-95-seeking to influence his Vice President in the discharge of his duties as President of the Senate in presiding over the joint session. The absence of any such historical tradition is reinforced by the fact that in 22 of the 59 certification proceedings the Vice President has not presided at all. See Joel K. Goldste... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
-96-now made explicit—echoing and reaffirming constitutional tradition and practice—that, with limited exceptions of no relevance to this case, “the role of the President of the Senate while presiding over the joint session shall be limited to performing solely ministerial duties,” 3 U. S. C. § 15(b)(1). He “shall have... | gov.uscourts.dcd_.258148.252.0.pdf |
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