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1 IPS Standards and Guidelines 2010 PREFACE In 1978, the Perimetric Standards and Perimetric Glossary of the International Council of Ophthalmology was developed and published by the IPS Research Group on Standards chaired by Jay M. Enoch. In 1990, this work was extended by the IPS Perimetric Standards, First Codicil.... |
2 All correspondence concerning this codicil should be directed to the Secretary of the International Perimetric Society. INTRODUCTION The visual field is that portion of the external environment from which an observer can obtain visual information when fixating. The size of the measured visual field depends on the ch... |
3 intensity and size that are moved from areas of non-seeing towards seeing areas of the visual field. Standard Automated static Perimetry (SAP) measures DLS, in which a stimulus of varying luminance is presented on a background of specified luminance. The technical requirements for the design of perimeters measuring ... |
4 better understand the test and lessen learning effects. An often overlooked source of poor test results are insufficient instructions to the patient. Large differences in sensitivity can occur with seemingly small differences in instruction sets. Most perimeter manuals provide appropriate recommendations for a stand... |
5 on printouts from standard DLS perimetry. Other forms of perimetry should include these where appropriate. Subject response indices (“reliability indices”) shall contain the accessible information concerning the integrity of fixation, the proportion of false-negative and false-positive responses, number of stimulus ... |
6 INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL FIELD FINDINGS Interpretation of visual fields requires an appreciation of the patient's medical history, an understanding of anatomy and pathology, knowledge of psychophysics and the relevant methods of statistical analysis and of potential artifacts, and the ability to synthesize this info... |
7 Appendix I: IPS glossary of terms and definitions Absolute (visual field) defect-no measurable vision left at the limits of the testing device Artifacts-an abnormality in the visual field caused by anything other than physiologic abnormalities; some common artifacts in visual field testing include inexperience, poor... |
8 visual field corrected for within test variability; this is one of the global indices computed for the Octopus perimeter. The formula is given in Table 1. Corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD)-the pattern standard deviation (PSD) is “corrected“ to remove the effect of within test variability: The formula is gi... |
9 Gaze tracking-assessing the ability of the patient to maintain fixation throughout a visual field test; it is a type of eye tracking used in Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer General height-a representative location in the most normal region of the field, chosen as the 7th location in rank ordering of total deviations;... |
10 Perimetry-also known as the visual field test; a test that produces a map of the field of vision to check whether there is damage to any area within this map; perimetry is conducted within a defined range of eccentricities, usually within the central 30 degree radius from fixation Pupil size-the opening within the ... |
11 accuracy, to allow readers to assess the potential for bias in the study (internal validity) and to evaluate its generalizability (external validity) Static perimetry-a systematic measurement of visual sensitivity within a prescribed area of the visual field; this is accomplished by keeping the size and location of... |
12 Appendix II: Standards for the evaluation of perimetric tests. The examination time should be reported, including the time required to set-up the instrument and to instruct the patient. Studies that evaluate new visual field tests in terms of diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity) should follow the gu... |
1 Collection of Perimetric Formulas 1. 1 MS-Mean Sensitivity MS=1 mm∑ i=1xi (1) Symbol Meaning xi averaged local value for test location i1 m number of tested locations (outside the blind spot) Reference [2] (consistent with [4]) 1. 2 MD (Octopus)-Mean Defect MD Octopus =1 mm∑ i=1(zi-xi) (2) Symbol Meaning zi age corre... |
1. 4 LV (Octopus)-Loss Variance LV=1 m-1m∑ i=1(zi-xi-MD Octopus )2(4) Symbol Meaning MD Octopus Mean Defect as defined above zi age corrected normal value of test location i xi value of test location i (estimated as x) if repeated measurements are available m number of tested locations Reference [4] (consistent with [3]... |
1. 7 SF (HFA)-Short-term Fluctuation SFHFA =√[ 1 1010∑ i=1S2 2i] ∗[ 1 1010∑ i=1(xi1-xi2)2 2S2 2i] (7) Symbol Meaning S2 2i normal intratest variance at location i xi1 measured threshold of test location i xi2 repeated measured threshold of test location i 10 fixed number of repeated test locations Reference [1] 1. 8 ... |
Symbol Meaning PSD Pattern Standard Deviation as defined above SFHFA Short-term Fluctuation as defined above for the HFA k = 1. 28 for the 30-degree field = 1. 14 for the 24-degree field Reference [1] References [1] D. R. Anderson, V. M. Patella. Automated Static Perimetry, 2nd Edi-tion, Mosby St. Louis, 1999 [2] J. Flamme... |
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