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1 ACARBOSE (ay-kar-bose) Precose® ORAL ANTIDIABETIC Prescriber Highlights TT Antihyperglycemic agent that reduces the rate & amount of glucose absorbed from the gut after a meal; may be useful for mild reductions in blood glucose in dogs or cats TT Contraindications: Underweight animals, known hyper-sensitivity, diabet... | pppbs.pdf |
2 ACEMANNAN b)12. 5 mg per cat PO twice daily with meals. May be able to r educe insulin dosage and thereby reduce hypoglycemia oc-currence. (Greco 2002b) c)12. 5-20 mg (total dose) per meal PO (Daminet 2003) Monitoring T ! Serum glucose T ! Adverse effects (diarrhea) Client Information T ! Give immedi ately prior to f... | pppbs.pdf |
ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE 3 TClient Information T ! his compound is recommended for use by veterinary profes-sionals only T ! Clients should be made aware of the “investigational” nature of using acemannan systemically; adverse effects are possible Chemistry Acemannan is a complex carbohydrate polymer that is derived from A... | pppbs.pdf |
4 ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE depression, seizures and death. Because of its effects on thermoregu-lation, use cautiously in very young or debilitated animals. Acepromazine has no analgesic effects; treat animals with ap-propriate analgesics to control pain. The tranquilization effects of acepromazine can be overridden and it... | pppbs.pdf |
ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE 5 c) T o reduce anxiety in the painful patient (not a substitute for analgesia): 0. 05 mg/kg IM, IV or SC; do not exceed 1 mg total dose (Carroll 1999) d) 0. 55-2. 2 mg/kg PO or 0. 55-1. 1 mg/kg IV, IM or SC (Pack-age Insert; Prom Ace ® —Fort Dodge) e) As a premedicant with morphine: acepromazine 0... | pppbs.pdf |
6 ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOPHEN (ah-seet-a-min-a-fen) Tylenol®, APAP, Paracetamol ORAL ANALGESIC, ANTIPYRETIC Prescriber Highlights TT Contraindicated in cats at any dosage; ferrets may be as sensitive to acetaminophen as cats TT At recommended dosages, not overly toxic to dogs, ro-dents, or rabbits TT Often used in comb... | pppbs.pdf |
ACETAZOLAMIDE 7 monitoring may be warranted, particularly when clinical signs occur. Client Information T ! Follow directions carefully; do not exceed dosage or increase dos-ing frequency. Do not administer to cats or ferrets for any reason. Keep out of reach of children. Chemistry/Synonyms A synthetic non-opiate analg... | pppbs.pdf |
8 ACETAZOLAMIDE At the dosages used for HYPP in horses adverse effects are report-edly uncommon. Reproductive/Nursing Safety Acetazolamide has been implicated in fetal abnormalities in mice and rats when used at high (10X) dosages) and fetal toxicity has been noted when the drug has been used in pregnant humans. In hum... | pppbs.pdf |
ACETIC ACID, ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID 9 Acetazolamide Injection: 500 mg per vial; Diamox®(Wyeth-Ayerst); (Rx) Acetazolamide Powder for Injection (lyophilized): 500 mg for re-constitution; generic; (Rx) ACETIC ACID (ah-see-tick ass-id) Vinegar GI ACIDIFIER Prescriber Highlights TT Used primarily for treatment of non-protein... | pppbs.pdf |
10 ACETYLCYSTEINE Tcarbonate. While the drug does not directly reduce urine p H, by re-Laboratory Considerations ducing ammonia and bicarbonate production by urease-producing T ! Although AHA is a true urease inhibitor, it apparently does not bacteria, it prevents increases in urine p H. The drug may act syner-interfer... | pppbs.pdf |
ACETYLCYSTEINE 11 Uses/Indications Acetylcysteine is used in veterinary medicine as both a mucolytic agent in the pulmonary tree and as a treatment for acetaminophen or phenol toxicity in small animals. It has been used anecdotally with aminocaproic acid to treat degenerative myelopathy in dogs. In horses with strangle... | pppbs.pdf |
12 ACITRETIN Tb) 150 mg/kg PO or IV initially, then 50 mg/kg q4h for 17 ad-ditional doses (Bailey 1986a) For phenol toxicity: a) 140 mg/kg PO or IV initially, then 50 mg/kg q4h for 3 days. May be partially effective to reduce hepatic and renal injury. Resultant methemoglobinemia should be treated with ascor-bic acid or... | pppbs.pdf |
ACITRETIN 13 or sebaceous gland abnormalities in small animals. The drug has some antiinflammatory activity, but its exact mechanism of action is not known. Pharmacokinetics Acitretin absorption is enhanced by food in the gut. Acitretin is highly bound to plasma proteins. The drug is metabolized to conju-gate forms that... | pppbs.pdf |
14 ACYCLOVIR ACYCLOVIR (ay-sye-kloe-vir) Zovirax® ANTIVIRAL (HERPES) Prescriber Highlights TT Used primarily in birds for Pacheco's disease; may be use-ful in cats for Herpes infection TT If given rapidly IV, may be nephrotoxic TT Oral use may cause GI distress TT Reduce dosage with renal insufficiency TT May be fetotox... | pppbs.pdf |
AGLEPRISTONE 15 d) For prophylaxis: Exposed birds are given 25 mg/kg IM once (give IM with caution as it is very irritating), and then acy-clovir is added to drinking water at 1 mg/m L and to the food at 400 mg/quart of seed for a minimum of 7 days. Quaker parrots have been treated with a gavage of acyclovir at 80 mg/ ... | pppbs.pdf |
16 AGLEPRISTONE Aglepristone also binds to glucocorticoid receptors but has no glucocorticoid activity; it can prevent endogenous or exogenously administered glucocorticoids from binding and acting at these sites. Pharmacokinetics In dogs, after injecting two doses of 10mg/kg 24 hours apart, peak serum levels occur abo... | pppbs.pdf |
ALBENDAZOLE 17 Monitoring T ! Clinical efficacy T ! For pregnancy termination: ultrasound 10 days after treatment and at least 30 days after mating T ! Adverse effects (see above) Client Information T ! Only veterinary professionals should handle and administer this product T ! When used for pregnancy termination in the... | pppbs.pdf |
18 ALBENDAZOLE Contraindications/Precautions/Warnings The drug is not approved for use in lactating dairy cattle. The manu-facturer recommends not administering to female cattle during the first 45 days of pregnancy or for 45 days after removal of bulls. In sheep, it should not be administered to ewes during the first 30... | pppbs.pdf |
ALBUTEROL SULFATE 19 c) For adult liver flukes in sheep: 7. 6 mg/kg (Paul 1986) d) For treatment of nematodes in sheep: 3 m L of suspension per 100 lbs of body weight PO (Bulgin 2003) T ! BIRDS: a) Ratites: Using the suspension: 1 m L/22 kg of body weight twice daily for 3 days; repeat in 2 weeks. Has efficacy against fla... | pppbs.pdf |
20 ALBUTEROL SULFATE Reproductive/Nursing Safety In very large doses, albuterol is teratogenic in rodents. It should be used (particularly the oral dosage forms) during pregnancy only when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Like some other beta agonists, it may delay pre-term labor after oral administration. In ... | pppbs.pdf |
ALENDRONATE SODIUM 21 HUMAN-LABELED PRODUCTS: Albuterol Tablets: 2 mg & 4 mg; Proventil ® (Schering); generic; (Rx) Albuterol Extended Release Tablets: 4 mg & 8 mg; Vo Spire® ER (Od-yssey); (Rx) Albuterol Syrup: 2 mg (as sulfate) per 5 m L in 473 m L & 480 m L; Proventil® (Schering); generic; (Rx) Albuterol Aerosol: Ea... | pppbs.pdf |
22 ALFENTANIL HCL Overdosage/Acute Toxicity No lethality was observed in dogs receiving doses of up to 200 mg/ kg. Lethality in mice and rats was seen at dosages starting at 966 mg/ kg and 552 mg/kg, respectively. Observed adverse effects associated with overdoses included hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and up-per GI ... | pppbs.pdf |
ALFENTANIL HCL 23 the kidneys into the urine; only about 1% of the drug is excreted unchanged into the urine. T otal body clearance in humans ranges from 1. 6-17. 6 m L/minute/kg. Clearance is decreased by about 50% in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or in those that are obese. Clearance is reduced by approximately 3... | pppbs.pdf |
24 ALLOPURINOL ALLOPURINOL (al-oh-pyoor-i-nol) Zyloprim® XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; PURINE ANALOG Prescriber Highlights TT Used as a uric acid reducer in dogs, cats, reptiles & birds & as an alternative treatment Leishmaniasis & Trypano-somiasis in dogs TT Use with caution (dosage adjustment may be required) in patien... | pppbs.pdf |
ALLOPURINOL 25 Drug Interactions The following drug interactions have either been reported or are theoretical in humans or animals receiving allopurinol and may be of significance in veterinary patients: !!AMINOPHYLLINE or THEOPHYLLINE : Large doses of allopurinol may decrease metabolism thereby increasing their serum l... | pppbs.pdf |
26 ALPRAZOLAM ALPRAZOLAM (al-prah-zoe-lam) Xanax® BENZODIAZEPINE SEDATIVE/TRANQUILIZER Prescriber Highlights TT Oral benzodiazepine that may be useful for unwanted behaviors in dogs or cats TT Contraindications: Aggressive animals (controversial), benzodiazepine hypersensitivity TT Caution: Hepatic or renal disease TT ... | pppbs.pdf |
ALTRENOGEST 27 T! !ANTACIDS : May slow the rate, but not the extent of oral absorption of alprazolam; administer 2 hours apart to avoid this potential interaction ! !CNS DEPRESSANT AGENTS (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics, etc. ): Additive effects may occur ! !DIGOXIN : Serum levels may be increased; monitor serum ... | pppbs.pdf |
28 ALTRENOGEST Testrus expression in show mares or mares to be raced. Although the drug is labeled as contraindicated during pregnancy, it has been demonstrated to maintain pregnancy in oophorectomized mares and may be of benefit in mares that abort due to sub-therapeutic progestin levels. The product Matrix® is labeled... | pppbs.pdf |
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE 29 TT ! Altrenogest can be absorbed after skin contact and absorption can be enhanced if the drug is covered by occlusive materials (e. g., under latex gloves, etc. ). If exposed to the skin, wash off im-mediately with soap and water. If the eyes are exposed, flush with water for 15 minutes and get me... | pppbs.pdf |
30 AMANTADINE HCL TT ! CATS: AMANTADINE HCL For hyperphosphatemia: a) Aluminum hydroxide: Initially at 30-90 mg/kg per day. (a-man-ta-deen) Symmetrel®Dosage must be individualized. Capsules or suspension are preferred as they are more easily mixed with food and dis-ANTIVIRAL (INFLUENZA A); NMDA ANTAGONIST persed throug... | pppbs.pdf |
AMANTADINE HCL 31 In humans, the drug is well absorbed after oral administration with peak plasma concentrations occurring about 3 hours after dos-ing. Volume of distribution is 3-8 L/kg. Amantadine is primarily eliminated via renal mechanisms. Oral clearance is approximately 0. 28 L/hr/kg; half-life is around 17 hours... | pppbs.pdf |
32 AMIKACIN SULFATE AMIKACIN SULFATE (am-i-kay-sin) Amikin®, Amiglyde-V® AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC Prescriber Highlights TT Parenteral aminoglycoside antibiotic that has good ac-tivity against a variety of bacteria, predominantly gram-negative aerobic bacilli TT Adverse Effects: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscu-... | pppbs.pdf |
AMIKACIN SULFATE 33 streptomycin, gentamicin, or tobramycin. Auditory clinical signs are more frequent with amikacin, neomycin, or kanamycin, but ei-ther form can occur with any of these drugs. Cats are apparently very sensitive to the vestibular effects of the aminoglycosides. The aminoglycosides can also cause neurom... | pppbs.pdf |
34 AMIKACIN SULFATE !THORSES: For susceptible infections: a) 21 mg/kg IV or IM once daily (q24h) (Moore 1999); (Fore-man 1999) b) In neonatal foals: 21 mg/kg IV once daily (Magdesian, Wilson et al. 2004) c) In neonatal foals: Initial dose of 25 mg/kg IV once daily; strongly recommend to individualize dosage based upon ... | pppbs.pdf |
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