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---
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- visual-question-answering
- image-text-to-text
language:
- en
tags:
- vlm
- mllm
pretty_name: VisFactor
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---
# Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs
## 👁️Overview
This repository contains the official dataset of **VisFactor**, a novel benchmark derived from the Factor-Referenced Cognitive Test (FRCT) that digitizes 20 vision-centric subtests from established cognitive psychology assessments. Our work systematically investigates the gap between human visual cognition and state-of-the-art Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs).
## 🎯 Key Features
- **Comprehensive Evaluation**: 4 core domains of human visual cognition
- **Visualization and Spatial Processing**: Mental rotation, spatial relations
- **Perceptual and Closure**: Figure-ground discrimination, pattern completion
- **Memory**: Visual working memory, recognition tasks
- **Reasoning**: Abstract visual reasoning, analogical thinking
- **Extensive Model Coverage**: 39 frontier MLLMs from GPT, Gemini, Claude, LLaMA, Qwen, and SEED families
- **Rigorous Assessment**: Based on well-established psychometric tests (FRCT)
## 🚀 Quick Start
> **Note**: This evaluation framework is built on [VLMEvalKit](https://github.com/open-compass/VLMEvalKit/tree/main). For detailed information beyond this guide, please refer to their repository. We extend our sincere gratitude to the VLMEvalKit team for their excellent work.
### Installation
```bash
git clone https://anonymous.4open.science/r/VisFactor-NeurIPS-ED-2026.git
cd VisFactor
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
### Preparation
1. **Download the VisFactor dataset**
```bash
mkdir -p ~/LMUData
cd ~/LMUData
# Download files will be placed here
```
Place `VisFactor.tsv` and `VisFactor_CoT.tsv` in this directory.
2. **Configure API credentials**
```bash
cd VisFactor/
vim .env # or use any text editor
```
Example `.env` configuration:
```
# OpenAI
OPENAI_API_KEY=your_openai_key
OPENAI_API_BASE=https://api.openai.com/v1
# Google
GOOGLE_API_KEY=your_google_key
# Other Services
STEPAI_API_KEY=your_stepai_key
REKA_API_KEY=your_reka_key
GLMV_API_KEY=your_glmv_key
SENSENOVA_API_KEY=your_sensenova_key
MOONSHOT_API_KEY=your_kimi_key
DOUBAO_VL_KEY=your_doubao_key
# Hunyuan-Vision
HUNYUAN_SECRET_KEY=your_hunyuan_key
HUNYUAN_SECRET_ID=your_hunyuan_id
# Deployment Services
CW_API_BASE=your_congwang_base
CW_API_KEY=your_congwang_key
LMDEPLOY_API_BASE=your_lmdeploy_base
```
### Evaluation
#### Standard Evaluation
```bash
python3 run.py --data VisFactor --model GeminiPro2-5 --verbose
```
#### Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Evaluation
```bash
python3 run.py --data VisFactor_CoT --model GeminiPro2-5 --verbose
```
### Command Arguments
| Argument | Type | Default | Description |
| ------------- | --------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `--model` | list[str] | required | VLM names supported in VLMEvalKit (see `supported_VLM` in `vlmeval/config.py`) |
| `--mode` | str | 'all' | Evaluation mode: 'all' (inference + evaluation) or 'infer' (inference only) |
| `--api-nproc` | int | 4 | Number of threads for API requests |
| `--work-dir` | str | '.' | Directory to save evaluation results |
| `--reuse` | flag | False | Use previously generated results if available |
## ⚙️Generate testcases
We also provide a script to automatically generate some test cases, including CF1-3, CS1-3, MA1, S1-2, SS3, VZ1-2.
First, prepare some images:
```bash
mkdir visfactor/Collected_Figures
```
Place your images in this folder, then run the script to generate new questions:
```bash
cd visfactor
python3 generate_images.py
```