Datasets:

petra-2026
/

PETRA

id string	source string	text string	chunk_id string	original_id string	chunk_index int64	total_chunks int64	chunk_chars int64
240180320	pes2o	Dataset for techno-economic analysis of catalytic hydrothermolysis pathway for jet fuel production This detail the economics of Catalytic Hydrothermolysis (CH), an approve pathway for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production. Techno-economic analysis was conducted with the assumption of CH processing facility that p...	240180320_0	240180320	0	1	4,961
238545810	pes2o	Performance test & analysis on fan coil unit and improved induction air unit system Induction air unit was improved by decreasing the induction ratio and adding the rectifier. Performance test on fan coil unit and improved induction air unit system was carried in the model houses. Test results showed: (1) Induction ai...	238545810_0	238545810	0	1	7,333
110491310	pes2o	In recent days MLI has drawn large interest in high power industry. They present a latest set of aspects to facilitate and utilized in reactive power compensation . The unique arrangement of multilevel voltage source inverters allow them to achieve high voltages with the low harmonics not including the utilization of t...	110491310_0	110491310	0	1	7,229
243011470	pes2o	The complexity of electrical installation in a building will depend on the function or operation of the building in question. On the other hand, power supply is very important to support the building operation. However, it is very often difficult to locate which point in the power distribution system that experience el...	243011470_0	243011470	0	1	4,042
80365710	pes2o	Sandwiched between India and China, Nepal is a small landlocked lower-middle-income country in South Asia. Once a peaceful country, it is striving to overcome the legacy of a 10-year Maoist rebellion, a royal massacre and continuing political chaos. Nepal has been in dispute with neighbouring Bhutan over the repatriati...	80365710_0	80365710	0	2	7,479
80365710	pes2o	health legislation and to improve mental health awareness among the general public. On the positive side, there has been some improvement in terms of postgraduate psychiatric training and the introduction of mental health topics in the curriculum of community health workers. Other developments include programmes for tr...	80365710_1	80365710	1	2	4,266
169572730	pes2o	Comparative Study on Fuel Consumption and Different Driving Cycles for a Passenger Car in Malaysia via 1-D Simulation The purpose of this study is to analyze the fuel consumption of passenger cars in Malaysia by using 1D-simulation. The analysis of fuel consumption will focus on common model of cars in Malaysia and wi...	169572730_0	169572730	0	2	7,650
169572730	pes2o	Nutramon had claims that the rough driving behaviour has used the brake for multiple times during sudden decceleration and acceleration, may affect the condition of engine states which may used larger power for the braking mechanism. FTP75 gave the highest average fuel consumption rate while WLTC gave the lowest avera...	169572730_1	169572730	1	2	1,409
116173900	pes2o	Modern energy efficient technologies of high-rise construction The paper analyzes modern energy-efficient technologies, both being applied, and only introduced into the application in the construction of high-rise residential buildings. All technologies are systematized by the authors as part of a unified model of "Ar...	116173900_0	116173900	0	2	6,850
116173900	pes2o	A key area of energy saving in heating and hot water supply systems in buildings (where losses reach up to 70% of the total energy losses of the entire building) is the installation of an individual heat point (IHP), which automates and optimizes the process of supplying the heat carrier to consumers. Such control unit...	116173900_1	116173900	1	2	3,500
236280230	pes2o	Geothermal is one of the important energy sources because it is renewable energy and does not have any significant damage to the environment. The western Anatolian part of Turkey has a high potential in terms of geothermal energy. The study area, which is thought to have geothermal characteristics, is close to Afyonkar...	236280230_0	236280230	0	2	5,693
236280230	pes2o	The difference between said potential electrodes is used to calculate the apparent resistivity values. Thus, the location of the target masses being searched is displayed from the surface downwards. With this study, it is aimed to determine potential geothermal locations in a selected area near Afyonkarahisar province...	236280230_1	236280230	1	2	5,370
236685000	pes2o	Design of fuel system to meet China 6 emissions requirements in hybrid electric vehicle Based on the interpretation of GB 18352.6-2016 and combined with the author's actual development experience, the key design points and solutions of the three key problems of fuel system that meet China 6 emission regulations are de...	236685000_0	236685000	0	2	7,908
236685000	pes2o	In terms of resistance to aging and deformation, metal fuel tanks have more advantages. At this stage, due to the complex structure, industrialization cycle and development cost of plastic high-pressure fuel tanks, they are significantly worse than metal high-pressure fuel tanks; In addition, the choice of the two mate...	236685000_1	236685000	1	2	4,878
229026430	pes2o	increasing interest in castor oil production due to its market value. As a result, cultivation has expanded to different regions in the country creating the need for the development of cultivars more adapted to a wide range of environmental condition, which allows farmers to better exploit the crop commercially (Costa ...	229026430_0	229026430	0	2	7,918
229026430	pes2o	height, number of effective spikes per plant, number of nodes up to primary spike, total Length of primary spike, effective Length of primary spike (cm), number of capsules on primary spike, days to primary spike maturity and percent oil content contributed more towards total variation. The plant traits that separate g...	229026430_1	229026430	1	2	2,558
216357510	pes2o	Degradation of N-methylpyrrolidone in High Salinity Wastewater by a Halotolerant Microorganism N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, is widely used in lithium batteries and the refining of lubricants. However, it is also very harmful to human health and the environment. Although NMP i...	216357510_0	216357510	0	2	7,327
216357510	pes2o	The growth of the strain under different NMP concentrations are shown in Figure 3. With increasing NMP concentration in the medium, the strain growth decreased, but it managed to develop under an NMP concentration of 2000 mg/L. This indicates that CCZU-X is a viable option for biodegradation of NMP in common industrial...	216357510_1	216357510	1	2	2,948
234643400	pes2o	Risk Assessment of Subsea pipeline using standard DNVGL-RP-F107 To avoid fuel scarcity, exploitation activities must be carried out to meet the needs of oil in Indonesia. In the process of oil exploitation, facilities are needed to carry out a fluid transfer system from one place to another. One way to carry out the p...	234643400_0	234643400	0	2	6,006
234643400	pes2o	In the DNVGL-RP-F107 standard's matrix risk there is an area called ALARP (As low as Reasonably practicable). This DNVGL-RP-F107 risk matrix can be seen in Figure 1. After conducting a risk and risk analysis within the risk matrix in the ALARP zone, it is necessary to reduce the risk by conducting an evaluation. In thi...	234643400_1	234643400	1	2	6,217
210736200	pes2o	Short-term Load Forecasting Model Considering Meteorological Factors Because of the limitation of basic data and processing methods, the traditional load characteristic analysis method can not achieve user-level refined prediction. This paper builds a user-level short-term load forecasting model based on algorithms su...	210736200_0	210736200	0	3	7,915
210736200	pes2o	grey correlation degree with most of the characteristics of daily load, which have a greater impact on the user's electricity load. Therefore, this paper chooses the daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily average temperature and daily average humidity as the historical electricity load based on dec...	210736200_1	210736200	1	3	6,919
210736200	pes2o	Although the accuracy of the user-level load forecasting is improved, the load curve is not smooth due to the large fluctuation of the daily load curve of the user level. There are a few errors in the load forecast for 24 hourly points of the day, resulting in a final error of 3.87%. Overall, this method has reference ...	210736200_2	210736200	2	3	1,493
234662000	pes2o	Limestone being sedimentary rock contains multiple bedding planes, which has vertical cracks or joints. As explosives apply high dynamic loading rate during blasting i.e. rock fragmentation & comminution process, the measure of critical SIF (stress intensity factor) is pertinent to be measured and is known as dynamic f...	234662000_0	234662000	0	1	6,766
118887260	pes2o	Applications of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser Breakdown Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Thermal Power Plants breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is an analytical technique based on atomic emission spectroscopy to measure elemental composition. Time-of- ﬂ ight mass spectrometry(TOFMS) is another appeal-in...	118887260_0	118887260	0	2	7,472
118887260	pes2o	TOFMS is employed with several ionization processes, such as electrospray ionization(ESI), resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization(REMPI), laser breakdown, etc. Laser breakdown is combined with TOFMS to measure the trace element. The laser breakdown process consists of laser dissociation, multi-photon ionization, el...	118887260_1	118887260	1	2	6,733
1908260	pes2o	The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere XIII: a probable pinaceous resin from the early Cretaceous (Barremian), Isle of Wight Terpenoid resin is produced by all families and most genera of the order Coniferales (the conifers), and the distribution of terpenes present in most conifer resins is characteri...	1908260_0	1908260	0	2	7,161
1908260	pes2o	Under these conditions, macromolecular materials are not broken down into lower molecular weight volatile fragments and hence, are not represented in the observed analytes (i.e. compounds 2, 5, and 6 are absent in these data). The identity of the distributions of abietane-type terpenoids in the 480°C and 300°C data ind...	1908260_1	1908260	1	2	4,941
249650300	pes2o	Concentrations of major ions in coal mine discharge waters and unconventional hydrocarbon produced waters derived from coal bed methane (CBM) production, are potentially harmful to freshwater ecosystems. Bicarbonate is a major constituent of produced waters from CBM and coal mining. However, little is known about the r...	249650300_0	249650300	0	3	7,965
249650300	pes2o	dubia was obtained from laboratory bred stock at the Environment Protection Science ecotoxicology laboratory in Lidcombe NSW; originally sourced from the Parramatta River, NSW. A pusilis, and J kutera nymphs were 5-11 mm body length excluding cerci. C. dubia were neonates (less than 24 h old). P. australiensis were 15-...	249650300_1	249650300	1	3	5,685
249650300	pes2o	Geochemical processes, including biogenic and thermogenic processes, are typically associated with coal beds and lead to the comparable ionic compositions described above: high sodium, bicarbonate and chloride, and low calcium, magnesium and sulphate (Taulis and Milke 2007). This gives rise to similarity in ionic propo...	249650300_2	249650300	2	3	5,780
148712000	pes2o	THE POWER OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING: EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION TO DEVELOP CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Three areas of previous research are particularly useful to inform this study; (1) Critical Thinking Pedagogy, (2) Learning Styles of Millennial Students, and (3) Teaching Implications. In this secti...	148712000_0	148712000	0	1	5,761

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PETRA: A Petroleum-Engineering Retrieval Dataset for Retriever-Reranker Adaptation

This repository contains the public-source PETRA retrieval and reranking dataset.

Configurations

Config	Rows	Source-family rows	Description
retrieval_llm_negatives	1,044,649	finepdf: 475,180, pes2o: 376,013, wikipedia: 193,456	Query-positive-hard-negative rows generated with LLM-written distractors.
retrieval_rag_negatives	626,621	pes2o: 367,372, finepdf: 162,846, wikipedia: 96,403	Query-positive-hard-negative rows mined from the deployed retrieval stack.
reranking_llm_only	710,335	pes2o: 345,382, finepdf: 229,590, wikipedia: 135,363	Normalized reranker rows built from LLM-written hard negatives.
reranking_rag_llm	1,336,956	pes2o: 712,754, finepdf: 392,436, wikipedia: 231,766	Normalized reranker rows built from RAG-mined and LLM-written negatives.
reranking_pes2o_failures	189,613	pes2o: 189,613	PES2O strict-failure candidate rows with rank and mining metadata.
curated_chunks	1,362,847	pes2o: 1,316,663, finepdf: 40,725, wikipedia: 5,459	Curated petroleum-engineering corpus chunks from peS2o, FinePDFs-Edu, and Wikipedia.

Fields

Retrieval configs contain query-positive-negative supervision with fields such as question, positive_chunk, negative_chunk, dataset_name, source_id, anchor_id, label, and validation metadata.

Reranking configs contain normalized query-candidate rows for cross-encoder training. The reranking_pes2o_failures config also keeps mining metadata such as candidate_rank, retrieval_rank, rerank_rank, failure_bucket, and candidate_dataset.

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset

retrieval = load_dataset("PATH_OR_REPO_ID", "retrieval_rag_negatives", split="train")
reranking = load_dataset("PATH_OR_REPO_ID", "reranking_rag_llm", split="train")

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