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BEq (α : Type u) where /-- Boolean equality, notated as `a == b`. -/ beq : α → α → Bool open BEq (beq)
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
BEq
`BEq α` is a typeclass for supplying a boolean-valued equality relation on `α`, notated as `a == b`. Unlike `DecidableEq α` (which uses `a = b`), this is `Bool` valued instead of `Prop` valued, and it also does not have any axioms like being reflexive or agreeing with `=`. It is mainly intended for programming applications. See `LawfulBEq` for a version that requires that `==` and `=` coincide. Typically we prefer to put the "more variable" term on the left, and the "more constant" term on the right.
@[macro_inline] dite {α : Sort u} (c : Prop) [h : Decidable c] (t : c → α) (e : Not c → α) : α := h.casesOn e t /-! # if-then-else -/
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
dite
"Dependent" if-then-else, normally written via the notation `if h : c then t(h) else e(h)`, is sugar for `dite c (fun h => t(h)) (fun h => e(h))`, and it is the same as `if c then t else e` except that `t` is allowed to depend on a proof `h : c`, and `e` can depend on `h : ¬c`. (Both branches use the same name for the hypothesis, even though it has different types in the two cases.) We use this to be able to communicate the if-then-else condition to the branches. For example, `Array.get arr i h` expects a proof `h : i < arr.size` in order to avoid a bounds check, so you can write `if h : i < arr.size then arr.get i h else ...` to avoid the bounds check inside the if branch. (Of course in this case we have only lifted the check into an explicit `if`, but we could also use this proof multiple times or derive `i < arr.size` from some other proposition that we are checking in the `if`.)
@[macro_inline] ite {α : Sort u} (c : Prop) [h : Decidable c] (t e : α) : α := h.casesOn (fun _ => e) (fun _ => t) @[macro_inline] instance {p q} [dp : Decidable p] [dq : Decidable q] : Decidable (And p q) := match dp with | isTrue hp => match dq with | isTrue hq => isTrue ⟨hp, hq⟩ | isFalse hq => isFalse (fun h => hq (And.right h)) | isFalse hp => isFalse (fun h => hp (And.left h)) @[macro_inline] instance [dp : Decidable p] [dq : Decidable q] : Decidable (Or p q) := match dp with | isTrue hp => isTrue (Or.inl hp) | isFalse hp => match dq with | isTrue hq => isTrue (Or.inr hq) | isFalse hq => isFalse fun h => match h with | Or.inl h => hp h | Or.inr h => hq h @[inline]
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
ite
`if c then t else e` is notation for `ite c t e`, "if-then-else", which decides to return `t` or `e` depending on whether `c` is true or false. The explicit argument `c : Prop` does not have any actual computational content, but there is an additional `[Decidable c]` argument synthesized by typeclass inference which actually determines how to evaluate `c` to true or false. Write `if h : c then t else e` instead for a "dependent if-then-else" `dite`, which allows `t`/`e` to use the fact that `c` is true/false. -/ /- Because Lean uses a strict (call-by-value) evaluation strategy, the signature of this function is problematic in that it would require `t` and `e` to be evaluated before calling the `ite` function, which would cause both sides of the `if` to be evaluated. Even if the result is discarded, this would be a big performance problem, and is undesirable for users in any case. To resolve this, `ite` is marked as `@[macro_inline]`, which means that it is unfolded during code generation, and the definition of the function uses `fun _ => t` and `fun _ => e` so this recovers the expected "lazy" behavior of `if`: the `t` and `e` arguments delay evaluation until `c` is known.
@[macro_inline] cond {α : Sort u} (c : Bool) (x y : α) : α := match c with | true => x | false => y
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
cond
The conditional function. `cond c x y` is the same as `if c then x else y`, but optimized for a Boolean condition rather than a decidable proposition. It can also be written using the notation `bif c then x else y`. Just like `ite`, `cond` is declared `@[macro_inline]`, which causes applications of `cond` to be unfolded. As a result, `x` and `y` are not evaluated at runtime until one of them is selected, and only the selected branch is evaluated.
@[macro_inline] protected Bool.dcond {α : Sort u} (c : Bool) (x : Eq c true → α) (y : Eq c false → α) : α := match c with | true => x rfl | false => y rfl
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Bool.dcond
The dependent conditional function, in which each branch is provided with a local assumption about the condition's value. This allows the value to be used in proofs as well as for control flow. `dcond c (fun h => x) (fun h => y)` is the same as `if h : c then x else y`, but optimized for a Boolean condition rather than a decidable proposition. Unlike the non-dependent version `cond`, there is no special notation for `dcond`. Just like `ite`, `dite`, and `cond`, `dcond` is declared `@[macro_inline]`, which causes applications of `dcond` to be unfolded. As a result, `x` and `y` are not evaluated at runtime until one of them is selected, and only the selected branch is evaluated. `dcond` is intended for metaprogramming use, rather than for use in verified programs, so behavioral lemmas are not provided.
@[macro_inline] Bool.or (x y : Bool) : Bool := match x with | true => true | false => y
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Bool.or
Boolean “or”, also known as disjunction. `or x y` can be written `x || y`. The corresponding propositional connective is `Or : Prop → Prop → Prop`, written with the `∨` operator. The Boolean `or` is a `@[macro_inline]` function in order to give it short-circuiting evaluation: if `x` is `true` then `y` is not evaluated at runtime.
@[macro_inline] Bool.and (x y : Bool) : Bool := match x with | false => false | true => y
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Bool.and
Boolean “and”, also known as conjunction. `and x y` can be written `x && y`. The corresponding propositional connective is `And : Prop → Prop → Prop`, written with the `∧` operator. The Boolean `and` is a `@[macro_inline]` function in order to give it short-circuiting evaluation: if `x` is `false` then `y` is not evaluated at runtime.
@[inline] Bool.not : Bool → Bool | true => false | false => true export Bool (or and not) set_option genCtorIdx false in
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Bool.not
Boolean negation, also known as Boolean complement. `not x` can be written `!x`. This is a function that maps the value `true` to `false` and the value `false` to `true`. The propositional connective is `Not : Prop → Prop`.
@[suggest_for ℕ] Nat where /-- Zero, the smallest natural number. Using `Nat.zero` explicitly should usually be avoided in favor of the literal `0`, which is the [simp normal form](lean-manual://section/simp-normal-forms). -/ | zero : Nat /-- The successor of a natural number `n`. Using `Nat.succ n` should usually be avoided in favor of `n + 1`, which is the [simp normal form](lean-manual://section/simp-normal-forms). -/ | succ (n : Nat) : Nat
inductive
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat
The natural numbers, starting at zero. This type is special-cased by both the kernel and the compiler, and overridden with an efficient implementation. Both use a fast arbitrary-precision arithmetic library (usually [GMP](https://gmplib.org/)); at runtime, `Nat` values that are sufficiently small are unboxed.
OfNat (α : Type u) (_ : Nat) where /-- The `OfNat.ofNat` function is automatically inserted by the parser when the user writes a numeric literal like `1 : α`. Implementations of this typeclass can therefore customize the behavior of `n : α` based on `n` and `α`. -/ ofNat : α @[default_instance 100] /- low prio -/
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
OfNat
The class `OfNat α n` powers the numeric literal parser. If you write `37 : α`, Lean will attempt to synthesize `OfNat α 37`, and will generate the term `(OfNat.ofNat 37 : α)`. There is a bit of infinite regress here since the desugaring apparently still contains a literal `37` in it. The type of expressions contains a primitive constructor for "raw natural number literals", which you can directly access using the macro `nat_lit 37`. Raw number literals are always of type `Nat`. So it would be more correct to say that Lean looks for an instance of `OfNat α (nat_lit 37)`, and it generates the term `(OfNat.ofNat (nat_lit 37) : α)`.
instOfNatNat (n : Nat) : OfNat Nat n where ofNat := n
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instOfNatNat
null
LE (α : Type u) where /-- The less-equal relation: `x ≤ y` -/ le : α → α → Prop
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
LE
`LE α` is the typeclass which supports the notation `x ≤ y` where `x y : α`.
LT (α : Type u) where /-- The less-than relation: `x < y` -/ lt : α → α → Prop
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
LT
`LT α` is the typeclass which supports the notation `x < y` where `x y : α`.
@[reducible] GE.ge {α : Type u} [LE α] (a b : α) : Prop := LE.le b a
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
GE.ge
`a ≥ b` is an abbreviation for `b ≤ a`.
@[reducible] GT.gt {α : Type u} [LT α] (a b : α) : Prop := LT.lt b a
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
GT.gt
`a > b` is an abbreviation for `b < a`.
DecidableLT (α : Type u) [LT α] := DecidableRel (LT.lt : α → α → Prop)
abbrev
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
DecidableLT
Abbreviation for `DecidableRel (· < · : α → α → Prop)`.
DecidableLE (α : Type u) [LE α] := DecidableRel (LE.le : α → α → Prop)
abbrev
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
DecidableLE
Abbreviation for `DecidableRel (· ≤ · : α → α → Prop)`.
Max (α : Type u) where /-- Returns the greater of its two arguments. -/ max : α → α → α export Max (max)
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Max
An overloaded operation to find the greater of two values of type `α`.
Min (α : Type u) where /-- Returns the lesser of its two arguments. -/ min : α → α → α export Min (min)
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Min
Constructs a `Max` instance from a decidable `≤` operation. -/ -- Marked inline so that `min x y + max x y` can be optimized to a single branch. @[inline] def maxOfLe [LE α] [DecidableRel (@LE.le α _)] : Max α where max x y := ite (LE.le x y) y x /-- An overloaded operation to find the lesser of two values of type `α`.
Trans (r : α → β → Sort u) (s : β → γ → Sort v) (t : outParam (α → γ → Sort w)) where /-- Compose two proofs by transitivity, generalized over the relations involved. -/ trans : r a b → s b c → t a c export Trans (trans)
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Trans
Constructs a `Min` instance from a decidable `≤` operation. -/ -- Marked inline so that `min x y + max x y` can be optimized to a single branch. @[inline] def minOfLe [LE α] [DecidableRel (@LE.le α _)] : Min α where min x y := ite (LE.le x y) x y /-- Transitive chaining of proofs, used e.g. by `calc`. It takes two relations `r` and `s` as "input", and produces an "output" relation `t`, with the property that `r a b` and `s b c` implies `t a c`. The `calc` tactic uses this so that when it sees a chain with `a ≤ b` and `b < c` it knows that this should be a proof of `a < c` because there is an instance `Trans (·≤·) (·<·) (·<·)`.
HAdd (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a + b` computes the sum of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hAdd : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HAdd
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous addition. This enables the notation `a + b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HSub (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a - b` computes the difference of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. * For natural numbers, this operator saturates at 0: `a - b = 0` when `a ≤ b`. -/ hSub : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HSub
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous subtraction. This enables the notation `a - b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HMul (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a * b` computes the product of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hMul : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HMul
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous multiplication. This enables the notation `a * b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HDiv (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a / b` computes the result of dividing `a` by `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. * For most types like `Nat`, `Int`, `Rat`, `Real`, `a / 0` is defined to be `0`. * For `Nat`, `a / b` rounds downwards. * For `Int`, `a / b` rounds downwards if `b` is positive or upwards if `b` is negative. It is implemented as `Int.ediv`, the unique function satisfying `a % b + b * (a / b) = a` and `0 ≤ a % b < natAbs b` for `b ≠ 0`. Other rounding conventions are available using the functions `Int.fdiv` (floor rounding) and `Int.tdiv` (truncation rounding). * For `Float`, `a / 0` follows the IEEE 754 semantics for division, usually resulting in `inf` or `nan`. -/ hDiv : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HDiv
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous division. This enables the notation `a / b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HMod (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a % b` computes the remainder upon dividing `a` by `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. * For `Nat` and `Int` it satisfies `a % b + b * (a / b) = a`, and `a % 0` is defined to be `a`. -/ hMod : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HMod
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous modulo / remainder. This enables the notation `a % b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HPow (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a ^ b` computes `a` to the power of `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hPow : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HPow
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous exponentiation. This enables the notation `a ^ b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HSMul (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a • b` computes the product of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent, but it is intended to be used for left actions. -/ hSMul : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HSMul
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous scalar multiplication. This enables the notation `a • b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`. It is assumed to represent a left action in some sense. The notation `a • b` is augmented with a macro (below) to have it elaborate as a left action. Only the `b` argument participates in the elaboration algorithm: the algorithm uses the type of `b` when calculating the type of the surrounding arithmetic expression and it tries to insert coercions into `b` to get some `b'` such that `a • b'` has the same type as `b'`. See the module documentation near the macro for more details.
HAppend (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a ++ b` is the result of concatenation of `a` and `b`, usually read "append". The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hAppend : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HAppend
The notation typeclass for heterogeneous append. This enables the notation `a ++ b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HOrElse (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a <|> b` executes `a` and returns the result, unless it fails in which case it executes and returns `b`. Because `b` is not always executed, it is passed as a thunk so it can be forced only when needed. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hOrElse : α → (Unit → β) → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HOrElse
The typeclass behind the notation `a <|> b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`. Because `b` is "lazy" in this notation, it is passed as `Unit → β` to the implementation so it can decide when to evaluate it.
HAndThen (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a >> b` executes `a`, ignores the result, and then executes `b`. If `a` fails then `b` is not executed. Because `b` is not always executed, it is passed as a thunk so it can be forced only when needed. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hAndThen : α → (Unit → β) → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HAndThen
The typeclass behind the notation `a >> b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`. Because `b` is "lazy" in this notation, it is passed as `Unit → β` to the implementation so it can decide when to evaluate it.
HAnd (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a &&& b` computes the bitwise AND of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hAnd : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HAnd
The typeclass behind the notation `a &&& b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HXor (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a ^^^ b` computes the bitwise XOR of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hXor : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HXor
The typeclass behind the notation `a ^^^ b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HOr (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a ||| b` computes the bitwise OR of `a` and `b`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ hOr : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HOr
The typeclass behind the notation `a ||| b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HShiftLeft (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a <<< b` computes `a` shifted to the left by `b` places. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. * On `Nat`, this is equivalent to `a * 2 ^ b`. * On `UInt8` and other fixed width unsigned types, this is the same but truncated to the bit width. -/ hShiftLeft : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HShiftLeft
The typeclass behind the notation `a <<< b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
HShiftRight (α : Type u) (β : Type v) (γ : outParam (Type w)) where /-- `a >>> b` computes `a` shifted to the right by `b` places. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. * On `Nat` and fixed width unsigned types like `UInt8`, this is equivalent to `a / 2 ^ b`. -/ hShiftRight : α → β → γ
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HShiftRight
The typeclass behind the notation `a >>> b : γ` where `a : α`, `b : β`.
Zero (α : Type u) where /-- The zero element of the type. -/ zero : α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Zero
A type with a zero element.
One (α : Type u) where /-- The "one" element of the type. -/ one : α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
One
A type with a "one" element.
Add (α : Type u) where /-- `a + b` computes the sum of `a` and `b`. See `HAdd`. -/ add : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Add
The homogeneous version of `HAdd`: `a + b : α` where `a b : α`.
Sub (α : Type u) where /-- `a - b` computes the difference of `a` and `b`. See `HSub`. -/ sub : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Sub
The homogeneous version of `HSub`: `a - b : α` where `a b : α`.
Mul (α : Type u) where /-- `a * b` computes the product of `a` and `b`. See `HMul`. -/ mul : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Mul
The homogeneous version of `HMul`: `a * b : α` where `a b : α`.
Neg (α : Type u) where /-- `-a` computes the negative or opposite of `a`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ neg : α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Neg
The notation typeclass for negation. This enables the notation `-a : α` where `a : α`.
Div (α : Type u) where /-- `a / b` computes the result of dividing `a` by `b`. See `HDiv`. -/ div : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Div
The homogeneous version of `HDiv`: `a / b : α` where `a b : α`.
Inv (α : Type u) where /-- `a⁻¹` computes the inverse of `a`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent. -/ inv : α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Inv
The notation typeclass for inverses. This enables the notation `a⁻¹ : α` where `a : α`.
Mod (α : Type u) where /-- `a % b` computes the remainder upon dividing `a` by `b`. See `HMod`. -/ mod : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Mod
The homogeneous version of `HMod`: `a % b : α` where `a b : α`.
Dvd (α : Type _) where /-- Divisibility. `a ∣ b` (typed as `\|`) means that there is some `c` such that `b = a * c`. -/ dvd : α → α → Prop
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Dvd
Notation typeclass for the `∣` operation (typed as `\|`), which represents divisibility.
Pow (α : Type u) (β : Type v) where /-- `a ^ b` computes `a` to the power of `b`. See `HPow`. -/ pow : α → β → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Pow
The homogeneous version of `HPow`: `a ^ b : α` where `a : α`, `b : β`. (The right argument is not the same as the left since we often want this even in the homogeneous case.) Types can choose to subscribe to particular defaulting behavior by providing an instance to either `NatPow` or `HomogeneousPow`: - `NatPow` is for types whose exponents is preferentially a `Nat`. - `HomogeneousPow` is for types whose base and exponent are preferentially the same.
NatPow (α : Type u) where /-- `a ^ n` computes `a` to the power of `n` where `n : Nat`. See `Pow`. -/ protected pow : α → Nat → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
NatPow
The homogeneous version of `Pow` where the exponent is a `Nat`. The purpose of this class is that it provides a default `Pow` instance, which can be used to specialize the exponent to `Nat` during elaboration. For example, if `x ^ 2` should preferentially elaborate with `2 : Nat` then `x`'s type should provide an instance for this class.
HomogeneousPow (α : Type u) where /-- `a ^ b` computes `a` to the power of `b` where `a` and `b` both have the same type. -/ protected pow : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
HomogeneousPow
The completely homogeneous version of `Pow` where the exponent has the same type as the base. The purpose of this class is that it provides a default `Pow` instance, which can be used to specialize the exponent to have the same type as the base's type during elaboration. This is to say, a type should provide an instance for this class in case `x ^ y` should be elaborated with both `x` and `y` having the same type. For example, the `Float` type provides an instance of this class, which causes expressions such as `(2.2 ^ 2.2 : Float)` to elaborate.
SMul (M : Type u) (α : Type v) where /-- `m • a : α` denotes the product of `m : M` and `a : α`. The meaning of this notation is type-dependent, but it is intended to be used for left actions. -/ smul : M → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
SMul
Typeclass for types with a scalar multiplication operation, denoted `•` (`\bu`)
Append (α : Type u) where /-- `a ++ b` is the result of concatenation of `a` and `b`. See `HAppend`. -/ append : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Append
The homogeneous version of `HAppend`: `a ++ b : α` where `a b : α`.
OrElse (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a <|> b : α`. See `HOrElse`. -/ orElse : α → (Unit → α) → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
OrElse
The homogeneous version of `HOrElse`: `a <|> b : α` where `a b : α`. Because `b` is "lazy" in this notation, it is passed as `Unit → α` to the implementation so it can decide when to evaluate it.
AndThen (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a >> b : α`. See `HAndThen`. -/ andThen : α → (Unit → α) → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
AndThen
The homogeneous version of `HAndThen`: `a >> b : α` where `a b : α`. Because `b` is "lazy" in this notation, it is passed as `Unit → α` to the implementation so it can decide when to evaluate it.
AndOp (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a &&& b : α`. See `HAnd`. -/ and : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
AndOp
The homogeneous version of `HAnd`: `a &&& b : α` where `a b : α`. (It is called `AndOp` because `And` is taken for the propositional connective.)
XorOp (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a ^^^ b : α`. See `HXor`. -/ xor : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
XorOp
The homogeneous version of `HXor`: `a ^^^ b : α` where `a b : α`.
OrOp (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a ||| b : α`. See `HOr`. -/ or : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
OrOp
The homogeneous version of `HOr`: `a ||| b : α` where `a b : α`. (It is called `OrOp` because `Or` is taken for the propositional connective.)
Complement (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `~~~a : α`. -/ complement : α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Complement
The typeclass behind the notation `~~~a : α` where `a : α`.
ShiftLeft (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a <<< b : α`. See `HShiftLeft`. -/ shiftLeft : α → α → α
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
ShiftLeft
The homogeneous version of `HShiftLeft`: `a <<< b : α` where `a b : α`.
ShiftRight (α : Type u) where /-- The implementation of `a >>> b : α`. See `HShiftRight`. -/ shiftRight : α → α → α @[default_instance]
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
ShiftRight
The homogeneous version of `HShiftRight`: `a >>> b : α` where `a b : α`.
instHAdd [Add α] : HAdd α α α where hAdd a b := Add.add a b @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHAdd
null
instHSub [Sub α] : HSub α α α where hSub a b := Sub.sub a b @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHSub
null
instHMul [Mul α] : HMul α α α where hMul a b := Mul.mul a b @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHMul
null
instHDiv [Div α] : HDiv α α α where hDiv a b := Div.div a b @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHDiv
null
instHMod [Mod α] : HMod α α α where hMod a b := Mod.mod a b @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHMod
null
instHPow [Pow α β] : HPow α β α where hPow a b := Pow.pow a b @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHPow
null
instPowNat [NatPow α] : Pow α Nat where pow a n := NatPow.pow a n @[default_instance]
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instPowNat
null
@[default_instance] instHSMul {α β} [SMul α β] : HSMul α β β where hSMul := SMul.smul
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instHSMul
null
Membership (α : outParam (Type u)) (γ : Type v) where /-- The membership relation `a ∈ s : Prop` where `a : α`, `s : γ`. -/ mem : γ → α → Prop set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false in
class
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Membership
The typeclass behind the notation `a ∈ s : Prop` where `a : α`, `s : γ`. Because `α` is an `outParam`, the "container type" `γ` determines the type of the elements of the container.
@[extern "lean_nat_add"] protected Nat.add : (@& Nat) → (@& Nat) → Nat | a, Nat.zero => a | a, Nat.succ b => Nat.succ (Nat.add a b)
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.add
Addition of natural numbers, typically used via the `+` operator. This function is overridden in both the kernel and the compiler to efficiently evaluate using the arbitrary-precision arithmetic library. The definition provided here is the logical model.
instAddNat : Add Nat where add := Nat.add /- We mark the following definitions as pattern to make sure they can be used in recursive equations, and reduced by the equation Compiler. -/ attribute [match_pattern] Nat.add Add.add HAdd.hAdd Neg.neg Mul.mul HMul.hMul Inv.inv set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false in
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instAddNat
null
@[extern "lean_nat_mul"] protected Nat.mul : (@& Nat) → (@& Nat) → Nat | _, 0 => 0 | a, Nat.succ b => Nat.add (Nat.mul a b) a
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.mul
Multiplication of natural numbers, usually accessed via the `*` operator. This function is overridden in both the kernel and the compiler to efficiently evaluate using the arbitrary-precision arithmetic library. The definition provided here is the logical model.
instMulNat : Mul Nat where mul := Nat.mul set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false in
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instMulNat
null
@[extern "lean_nat_pow"] protected Nat.pow (m : @& Nat) : (@& Nat) → Nat | 0 => 1 | succ n => Nat.mul (Nat.pow m n) m
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.pow
The power operation on natural numbers, usually accessed via the `^` operator. This function is overridden in both the kernel and the compiler to efficiently evaluate using the arbitrary-precision arithmetic library. The definition provided here is the logical model.
instNatPowNat : NatPow Nat := ⟨Nat.pow⟩ set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false in
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instNatPowNat
null
@[extern "lean_nat_dec_eq"] Nat.beq : (@& Nat) → (@& Nat) → Bool | zero, zero => true | zero, succ _ => false | succ _, zero => false | succ n, succ m => beq n m
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.beq
Boolean equality of natural numbers, usually accessed via the `==` operator. This function is overridden in both the kernel and the compiler to efficiently evaluate using the arbitrary-precision arithmetic library. The definition provided here is the logical model.
Nat.eq_of_beq_eq_true : {n m : Nat} → Eq (beq n m) true → Eq n m | zero, zero, _ => rfl | zero, succ _, h => Bool.noConfusion h | succ _, zero, h => Bool.noConfusion h | succ n, succ m, h => have : Eq (beq n m) true := h have : Eq n m := eq_of_beq_eq_true this this ▸ rfl
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.eq_of_beq_eq_true
null
Nat.ne_of_beq_eq_false : {n m : Nat} → Eq (beq n m) false → Not (Eq n m) | zero, zero, h₁, _ => Bool.noConfusion h₁ | zero, succ _, _, h₂ => Nat.noConfusion h₂ | succ _, zero, _, h₂ => Nat.noConfusion h₂ | succ n, succ m, h₁, h₂ => have : Eq (beq n m) false := h₁ Nat.noConfusion h₂ (fun h₂ => absurd h₂ (ne_of_beq_eq_false this))
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.ne_of_beq_eq_false
null
private noConfusion_of_Nat.aux : (a : Nat) → (Nat.beq a a).rec False True | Nat.zero => True.intro | Nat.succ n => noConfusion_of_Nat.aux n
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
noConfusion_of_Nat.aux
null
noConfusion_of_Nat {α : Sort u} (f : α → Nat) {a b : α} (h : Eq a b) : (Nat.beq (f a) (f b)).rec False True := congrArg f h ▸ noConfusion_of_Nat.aux (f a)
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
noConfusion_of_Nat
A helper theorem to deduce `False` from `a = b` when `f a ≠ f b` for some function `f : α → Nat` (typically `.ctorIdx`). Used as a simpler alternative to the no-confusion theorems.
@[reducible, extern "lean_nat_dec_eq"] protected Nat.decEq (n m : @& Nat) : Decidable (Eq n m) := match h:beq n m with | true => isTrue (eq_of_beq_eq_true h) | false => isFalse (ne_of_beq_eq_false h) @[inline] instance : DecidableEq Nat := Nat.decEq set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false in
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.decEq
A decision procedure for equality of natural numbers, usually accessed via the `DecidableEq Nat` instance. This function is overridden in both the kernel and the compiler to efficiently evaluate using the arbitrary-precision arithmetic library. The definition provided here is the logical model. Examples: * `Nat.decEq 5 5 = isTrue rfl` * `(if 3 = 4 then "yes" else "no") = "no"` * `show 12 = 12 by decide`
@[extern "lean_nat_dec_le"] Nat.ble : @& Nat → @& Nat → Bool | zero, _ => true | succ _, zero => false | succ n, succ m => ble n m attribute [gen_constructor_elims] Bool
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.ble
The Boolean less-than-or-equal-to comparison on natural numbers. This function is overridden in both the kernel and the compiler to efficiently evaluate using the arbitrary-precision arithmetic library. The definition provided here is the logical model. Examples: * `Nat.ble 2 5 = true` * `Nat.ble 5 2 = false` * `Nat.ble 5 5 = true`
protected Nat.le (n : Nat) : Nat → Prop /-- Non-strict inequality is reflexive: `n ≤ n` -/ | refl : Nat.le n n /-- If `n ≤ m`, then `n ≤ m + 1`. -/ | step {m} : Nat.le n m → Nat.le n (succ m)
inductive
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le
Non-strict, or weak, inequality of natural numbers, usually accessed via the `≤` operator.
instLENat : LE Nat where le := Nat.le
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instLENat
null
protected Nat.lt (n m : Nat) : Prop := Nat.le (succ n) m
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.lt
Strict inequality of natural numbers, usually accessed via the `<` operator. It is defined as `n < m = n + 1 ≤ m`.
instLTNat : LT Nat where lt := Nat.lt
instance
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
instLTNat
null
Nat.not_succ_le_zero (n : Nat) : LE.le (succ n) 0 → False := -- No injectivity tactic until `attribute [gen_constructor_elims] Nat` have : ∀ m, Eq m 0 → LE.le (succ n) m → False := fun _ hm hle => Nat.le.casesOn (motive := fun m _ => Eq m 0 → False) hle (fun h => Nat.noConfusion h) (fun _ h => Nat.noConfusion h) hm this 0 rfl
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.not_succ_le_zero
null
Nat.not_lt_zero (n : Nat) : Not (LT.lt n 0) := not_succ_le_zero n
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.not_lt_zero
null
Nat.zero_le : (n : Nat) → LE.le 0 n | zero => Nat.le.refl | succ n => Nat.le.step (zero_le n)
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.zero_le
null
Nat.succ_le_succ : LE.le n m → LE.le (succ n) (succ m) | Nat.le.refl => Nat.le.refl | Nat.le.step h => Nat.le.step (succ_le_succ h)
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.succ_le_succ
null
Nat.zero_lt_succ (n : Nat) : LT.lt 0 (succ n) := succ_le_succ (zero_le n)
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.zero_lt_succ
null
Nat.le_succ_of_le (h : LE.le n m) : LE.le n (succ m) := Nat.le.step h
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le_succ_of_le
null
protected Nat.le_trans {n m k : Nat} : LE.le n m → LE.le m k → LE.le n k | h, Nat.le.refl => h | h₁, Nat.le.step h₂ => Nat.le.step (Nat.le_trans h₁ h₂)
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le_trans
null
protected Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le {n m k : Nat} : LT.lt n m → LE.le m k → LT.lt n k := Nat.le_trans
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.lt_of_lt_of_le
null
protected Nat.lt_trans {n m k : Nat} (h₁ : LT.lt n m) : LT.lt m k → LT.lt n k := Nat.le_trans (le_succ_of_le h₁)
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.lt_trans
null
Nat.le_succ (n : Nat) : LE.le n (succ n) := Nat.le.step Nat.le.refl
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le_succ
null
protected Nat.le_refl (n : Nat) : LE.le n n := Nat.le.refl
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le_refl
null
Nat.succ_pos (n : Nat) : LT.lt 0 (succ n) := zero_lt_succ n set_option bootstrap.genMatcherCode false in
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.succ_pos
null
@[extern "lean_nat_pred"] Nat.pred : (@& Nat) → Nat | 0 => 0 | succ a => a
def
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.pred
The predecessor of a natural number is one less than it. The predecessor of `0` is defined to be `0`. This definition is overridden in the compiler with an efficient implementation. This definition is the logical model.
Nat.pred_le_pred : {n m : Nat} → LE.le n m → LE.le (pred n) (pred m) | _, _, Nat.le.refl => Nat.le.refl | 0, succ _, Nat.le.step h => h | succ _, succ _, Nat.le.step h => Nat.le_trans (le_succ _) h
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.pred_le_pred
null
Nat.le_of_succ_le_succ {n m : Nat} : LE.le (succ n) (succ m) → LE.le n m := pred_le_pred
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le_of_succ_le_succ
null
Nat.le_of_lt_succ {m n : Nat} : LT.lt m (succ n) → LE.le m n := le_of_succ_le_succ set_option linter.missingDocs false in -- single generic "theorem" used in `WellFounded` reduction in core
theorem
Init.Prelude
[]
Init/Prelude.lean
Nat.le_of_lt_succ
null