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jarri : |- ( ps -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jarri
Inference associated with ~ jarr . Partial converse of ~ ja (the other partial converse being ~ jarli ). (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 20-Sep-2013.)
pm2.86d : |- ( ph -> ( ps -> ( ch -> th ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.86d
Deduction associated with ~ pm2.86 . (Contributed by NM, 29-Jun-1995.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 3-Apr-2013.)
pm2.86 : |- ( ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ph -> ch ) ) -> ( ph -> ( ps -> ch ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.86
Converse of Axiom ~ ax-2 . Theorem *2.86 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 108. (Contributed by NM, 25-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 3-Apr-2013.)
pm2.86i : |- ( ph -> ( ps -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.86i
Inference associated with ~ pm2.86 . (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 3-Apr-2013.)
loolin : |- ( ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ps -> ph ) ) -> ( ps -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
loolin
The Linearity Axiom of the infinite-valued sentential logic (L-infinity) of Lukasiewicz. See ~ loowoz for an alternate axiom. (Contributed by Mel L. O'Cat, 12-Aug-2004.)
loowoz : |- ( ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ph -> ch ) ) -> ( ( ps -> ph ) -> ( ps -> ch ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
loowoz
An alternate for the Linearity Axiom of the infinite-valued sentential logic (L-infinity) of Lukasiewicz ~ loolin , due to Barbara Wozniakowska, _Reports on Mathematical Logic_ 10, 129-137 (1978). (Contributed by Mel L. O'Cat, 8-Aug-2004.)
con4 : |- ( ( -. ph -> -. ps ) -> ( ps -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con4
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Logical negation =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= This section makes our first use of the third axiom of propositional calculus, ~ ax-3 . It introduces logical negation. $) $( Alias for ~ ax-3 ...
con4i : |- ( ps -> ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con4i
null
con4d : |- ( ph -> ( ch -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con4d
$j usage 'con4i' avoids 'ax-1' 'ax-2'; $) $} ${ con4d.1 $e |- ( ph -> ( -. ps -> -. ch ) ) $. $( Deduction associated with ~ con4 . (Contributed by NM, 26-Mar-1995.)
mt4 : |- ps
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt4
The rule of modus tollens. Inference associated with ~ con4i . (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 12-May-2013.)
mt4d : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt4d
Modus tollens deduction. Deduction form of ~ mt4 . (Contributed by NM, 9-Jun-2006.)
mt4i : |- ( ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt4i
Modus tollens inference. (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 12-May-2013.)
pm2.21i : |- ( ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.21i
A contradiction implies anything. Inference associated with ~ pm2.21 . Its associated inference is ~ pm2.24ii . (Contributed by NM, 16-Sep-1993.)
pm2.24ii : |- ps
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.24ii
A contradiction implies anything. Inference associated with ~ pm2.21i and ~ pm2.24i . (Contributed by NM, 27-Feb-2008.)
pm2.21d : |- ( ph -> ( ps -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.21d
$j usage 'pm2.24ii' avoids 'ax-2'; $) $} ${ pm2.21d.1 $e |- ( ph -> -. ps ) $. $( A contradiction implies anything. Deduction associated with ~ pm2.21 . (Contributed by NM, 10-Feb-1996.)
pm2.21ddALT : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.21ddALT
Alternate proof of ~ pm2.21dd . (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2017.) (Proof modification is discouraged.) (New usage is discouraged.)
pm2.21 : |- ( -. ph -> ( ph -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.21
null
pm2.24 : |- ( ph -> ( -. ph -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.24
Theorem *2.24 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 104. Its associated inference is ~ pm2.24i . Commuted form of ~ pm2.21 . (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
jarl : |- ( ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ch ) -> ( -. ph -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jarl
Elimination of a nested antecedent. (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 10-May-2013.)
jarli : |- ( -. ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jarli
Inference associated with ~ jarl . Partial converse of ~ ja (the other partial converse being ~ jarri ). (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 4-Oct-2013.)
pm2.18d : |- ( ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.18d
null
pm2.18 : |- ( ( -. ph -> ph ) -> ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.18
Clavius law, or "consequentia mirabilis" ("admirable consequence"). If a formula is implied by its negation, then it is true. Can be used in proofs by contradiction. Theorem *2.18 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 103. See also the weak Clavius law ~ pm2.01 . (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 17...
pm2.18i : |- ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.18i
Inference associated with the Clavius law ~ pm2.18 . (Contributed by BJ, 30-Mar-2020.)
notnotr : |- ( -. -. ph -> ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnotr
null
notnotri : |- ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnotri
Inference associated with ~ notnotr . For a shorter proof using ~ ax-2 , see ~ notnotriALT . (Contributed by NM, 27-Feb-2008.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 15-Jul-2021.) Remove dependency on ~ ax-2 . (Revised by Steven Nguyen, 27-Dec-2022.)
notnotriALT : |- ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnotriALT
$j usage 'notnotri' avoids 'ax-2'; $) $( Alternate proof of ~ notnotri . The proof via ~ notnotr and ~ ax-mp also has three essential steps, but has a total number of steps equal to 8, instead of the present 7, because it has to construct the formula ` ph ` twice and the formula ` -. -. ph ` once, whereas the present p...
notnotrd : |- ( ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnotrd
Deduction associated with ~ notnotr and ~ notnotri . Double negation elimination rule. A translation of the natural deduction rule ` -. -. ` C , ` _G |- -. -. ps => _G |- ps ` ; see ~ natded . This is Definition NNC in [Pfenning] p. 17. This rule is valid in classical logic (our logic), but not in intuitionistic logic....
con2d : |- ( ph -> ( ch -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con2d
A contraposition deduction. (Contributed by NM, 19-Aug-1993.)
con2 : |- ( ( ph -> -. ps ) -> ( ps -> -. ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con2
Contraposition. Theorem *2.03 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 100. (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 12-Feb-2013.)
mt2d : |- ( ph -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt2d
Modus tollens deduction. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jul-1994.)
mt2i : |- ( ph -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt2i
Modus tollens inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Mar-1995.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 15-Sep-2012.)
nsyl3 : |- ( ch -> -. ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyl3
A negated syllogism inference. (Contributed by NM, 1-Dec-1995.)
con2i : |- ( ps -> -. ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con2i
A contraposition inference. Its associated inference is ~ mt2 . (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Mel L. O'Cat, 28-Nov-2008.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Jun-2013.)
nsyl : |- ( ph -> -. ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyl
A negated syllogism inference. (Contributed by NM, 31-Dec-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 2-Mar-2013.)
nsyl2 : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyl2
A negated syllogism inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Jun-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 14-Nov-2023.)
notnot : |- ( ph -> -. -. ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnot
Double negation introduction. Converse of ~ notnotr and one implication of ~ notnotb . Theorem *2.12 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 101. This was the sixth axiom of Frege, specifically Proposition 41 of [Frege1879] p. 47. (Contributed by NM, 28-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 2-Mar-2013.)
notnoti : |- -. -. ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnoti
Inference associated with ~ notnot . (Contributed by NM, 27-Feb-2008.)
notnotd : |- ( ph -> -. -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
notnotd
Deduction associated with ~ notnot and ~ notnoti . (Contributed by Jarvin Udandy, 2-Sep-2016.) Avoid biconditional. (Revised by Wolf Lammen, 27-Mar-2021.)
con1d : |- ( ph -> ( -. ch -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con1d
A contraposition deduction. (Contributed by NM, 27-Dec-1992.)
con1 : |- ( ( -. ph -> ps ) -> ( -. ps -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con1
Contraposition. Theorem *2.15 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 102. Its associated inference is ~ con1i . (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 12-Feb-2013.)
con1i : |- ( -. ps -> ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con1i
null
mt3d : |- ( ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt3d
Modus tollens deduction. (Contributed by NM, 26-Mar-1995.)
mt3i : |- ( ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt3i
Modus tollens inference. (Contributed by NM, 26-Mar-1995.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 15-Sep-2012.)
pm2.24i : |- ( -. ph -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.24i
null
pm2.24d : |- ( ph -> ( -. ps -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.24d
Deduction form of ~ pm2.24 . (Contributed by NM, 30-Jan-2006.)
con3d : |- ( ph -> ( -. ch -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con3d
A contraposition deduction. Deduction form of ~ con3 . (Contributed by NM, 10-Jan-1993.)
con3 : |- ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( -. ps -> -. ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con3
Contraposition. Theorem *2.16 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 103. This was the fourth axiom of Frege, specifically Proposition 28 of [Frege1879] p. 43. Its associated inference is ~ con3i . (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Feb-2013.)
con3i : |- ( -. ps -> -. ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con3i
A contraposition inference. Inference associated with ~ con3 . Its associated inference is ~ mto . (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 20-Jun-2013.)
con3rr3 : |- ( -. ch -> ( ph -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
con3rr3
Rotate through consequent right. (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 3-Nov-2013.)
nsyld : |- ( ph -> ( ps -> -. ta ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyld
A negated syllogism deduction. (Contributed by NM, 9-Apr-2005.)
nsyli : |- ( ph -> ( th -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyli
A negated syllogism inference. (Contributed by NM, 3-May-1994.)
nsyl4 : |- ( -. ch -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyl4
A negated syllogism inference. (Contributed by NM, 15-Feb-1996.)
nsyl5 : |- ( -. ps -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
nsyl5
A negated syllogism inference. (Contributed by Wolf Lammen, 20-May-2024.)
pm3.2im : |- ( ph -> ( ps -> -. ( ph -> -. ps ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm3.2im
Theorem *3.2 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 111, expressed with primitive connectives (see ~ pm3.2 ). (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Josh Purinton, 29-Dec-2000.)
jc : |- ( ph -> -. ( ps -> -. ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jc
Deduction joining the consequents of two premises. A deduction associated with ~ pm3.2im . (Contributed by NM, 28-Dec-1992.)
jcn : |- ( ph -> ( -. ps -> -. ( ph -> ps ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jcn
Theorem joining the consequents of two premises. Theorem 8 of [Margaris] p. 60. (Contributed by NM, 5-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Josh Purinton, 29-Dec-2000.)
jcnd : |- ( ph -> -. ( ps -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jcnd
Deduction joining the consequents of two premises. (Contributed by Glauco Siliprandi, 11-Dec-2019.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 10-Apr-2024.)
impi : |- ( -. ( ph -> -. ps ) -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
impi
An importation inference. (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 20-Jul-2013.)
expi : |- ( ph -> ( ps -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
expi
An exportation inference. (Contributed by NM, 29-Dec-1992.) (Proof shortened by Mel L. O'Cat, 28-Nov-2008.)
simprim : |- ( -. ( ph -> -. ps ) -> ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
simprim
Simplification. Similar to Theorem *3.27 (Simp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 112. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Nov-2012.)
simplim : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
simplim
Simplification. Similar to Theorem *3.26 (Simp) of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 112. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 21-Jul-2012.)
pm2.5g : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( -. ph -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.5g
General instance of Theorem *2.5 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 9-Oct-2012.)
pm2.5 : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( -. ph -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.5
Theorem *2.5 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
conax1 : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
conax1
Contrapositive of ~ ax-1 . (Contributed by BJ, 28-Oct-2023.)
conax1k : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ch -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
conax1k
Weakening of ~ conax1 . General instance of ~ pm2.51 and of ~ pm2.52 . (Contributed by BJ, 28-Oct-2023.)
pm2.51 : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ph -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.51
Theorem *2.51 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
pm2.52 : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( -. ph -> -. ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.52
Theorem *2.52 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 8-Oct-2012.)
pm2.521g : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ps -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.521g
A general instance of Theorem *2.521 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by BJ, 28-Oct-2023.)
pm2.521g2 : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ch -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.521g2
A general instance of Theorem *2.521 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 8-Oct-2012.)
pm2.521 : |- ( -. ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ps -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.521
Theorem *2.521 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. Instance of ~ pm2.521g and of ~ pm2.521g2 . (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
expt : |- ( ( -. ( ph -> -. ps ) -> ch ) -> ( ph -> ( ps -> ch ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
expt
Exportation theorem ~ pm3.3 (closed form of ~ ex ) expressed with primitive connectives. (Contributed by NM, 28-Dec-1992.)
impt : |- ( ( ph -> ( ps -> ch ) ) -> ( -. ( ph -> -. ps ) -> ch ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
impt
Importation theorem ~ pm3.1 (closed form of ~ imp ) expressed with primitive connectives. (Contributed by NM, 25-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 20-Jul-2013.)
pm2.61d : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61d
Deduction eliminating an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 27-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 12-Sep-2013.)
pm2.61d1 : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61d1
Inference eliminating an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 15-Jul-2005.)
pm2.61d2 : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61d2
Inference eliminating an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.)
pm2.61i : |- ps
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61i
Inference eliminating an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 5-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 19-Nov-2023.)
pm2.61ii : |- ch
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61ii
Inference eliminating two antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Josh Purinton, 29-Dec-2000.)
pm2.61nii : |- ch
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61nii
Inference eliminating two antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 13-Jul-2005.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 25-May-2011.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 13-Nov-2012.)
pm2.61iii : |- th
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61iii
Inference eliminating three antecedents. (Contributed by NM, 2-Jan-2002.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 22-Sep-2013.)
ja : |- ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
ja
null
jad : |- ( ph -> ( ( ps -> ch ) -> th ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
jad
Deduction form of ~ ja . (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 13-Dec-2010.) (Proof shortened by Andrew Salmon, 17-Sep-2011.)
pm2.01 : |- ( ( ph -> -. ph ) -> -. ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.01
Weak Clavius law. If a formula implies its negation, then it is false. A form of "reductio ad absurdum", which can be used in proofs by contradiction. Theorem *2.01 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 100. Provable in minimal calculus, contrary to the Clavius law ~ pm2.18 . (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Me...
pm2.01i : |- -. ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.01i
Inference associated with the weak Clavius law ~ pm2.01 . (Contributed by BJ, 30-Mar-2020.)
pm2.01d : |- ( ph -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.01d
Deduction based on reductio ad absurdum. (Contributed by NM, 18-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 5-Mar-2013.)
pm2.6 : |- ( ( -. ph -> ps ) -> ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.6
Theorem *2.6 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. (Contributed by NM, 3-Jan-2005.)
pm2.61 : |- ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ( -. ph -> ps ) -> ps ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.61
Theorem *2.61 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. Useful for eliminating an antecedent. (Contributed by NM, 4-Jan-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 22-Sep-2013.)
pm2.65 : |- ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ( ph -> -. ps ) -> -. ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.65
Theorem *2.65 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 107. Proof by contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 21-Jun-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 8-Mar-2013.)
pm2.65i : |- -. ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.65i
Inference for proof by contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 18-May-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 11-Sep-2013.)
pm2.21dd : |- ( ph -> ch )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.21dd
A contradiction implies anything. Deduction from ~ pm2.21 . (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 9-Feb-2017.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 22-Jul-2019.)
pm2.65d : |- ( ph -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
pm2.65d
Deduction for proof by contradiction. (Contributed by NM, 26-Jun-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 26-May-2013.)
mto : |- -. ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mto
The rule of modus tollens. The rule says, "if ` ps ` is not true, and ` ph ` implies ` ps ` , then ` ph ` must also be not true". Modus tollens is short for "modus tollendo tollens", a Latin phrase that means "the mode that by denying denies" - remark in [Sanford] p. 39. It is also called denying the consequent. Modus ...
mtod : |- ( ph -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mtod
Modus tollens deduction. (Contributed by NM, 3-Apr-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 11-Sep-2013.)
mtoi : |- ( ph -> -. ps )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mtoi
Modus tollens inference. (Contributed by NM, 5-Jul-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 15-Sep-2012.)
mt2 : |- -. ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt2
A rule similar to modus tollens. Inference associated with ~ con2i . (Contributed by NM, 19-Aug-1993.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 10-Sep-2013.)
mt3 : |- ph
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
mt3
A rule similar to modus tollens. Inference associated with ~ con1i . (Contributed by NM, 18-May-1994.) (Proof shortened by Wolf Lammen, 11-Sep-2013.)
peirce : |- ( ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ph ) -> ph )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
peirce
null
looinv : |- ( ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ps ) -> ( ( ps -> ph ) -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
looinv
The Inversion Axiom of the infinite-valued sentential logic (L-infinity) of Lukasiewicz. Using ~ dfor2 , we can see that this essentially expresses "disjunction commutes". Theorem *2.69 of [WhiteheadRussell] p. 108. It is a special instance of the axiom "Roll", see ~ peirceroll . (Contributed by NM, 12-Aug-2004.)
bijust0 : |- -. ( ( ph -> ph ) -> -. ( ph -> ph ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
bijust0
A self-implication (see ~ id ) does not imply its own negation. The justification theorem ~ bijust is one of its instances. (Contributed by NM, 11-May-1999.) (Proof shortened by Josh Purinton, 29-Dec-2000.) Extract ~ bijust0 from proof of ~ bijust . (Revised by BJ, 19-Mar-2020.)
bijust : |- -. ( ( -. ( ( ph -> ps ) -> -. ( ps -> ph ) ) -> -. ( ( ph -> ps ) -> -. ( ps -> ph ) ) ) -> -. ( -. ( ( ph -> ps ) -> -. ( ps -> ph ) ) -> -. ( ( ph -> ps ) -> -. ( ps -> ph ) ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
bijust
null
impbi : |- ( ( ph -> ps ) -> ( ( ps -> ph ) -> ( ph <-> ps ) ) )
theorem
set
[]
set.mm
impbi
Define the biconditional (logical "iff" or "if and only if"), also called biimplication. Definition ~ df-bi in this section is our first definition, which introduces and defines the biconditional connective ` <-> ` . We define a wff of the form ` ( ph <-> ps ) ` as an abbreviation for ` -. ( ( ph -> ps ) -> -. ( ps -> ...