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uk8gk1 | So GPUs have VRAM. Is there something similar CPUs have? I know they have a cache, but anything more like proper RAM?
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EDIT: I just want to say, I'm just a guy. I'm not a student studying computer science, I just was curious. I'm a layman and I thought this question would be okay here. Didn't expect to an... | For the record I don't think you're wrong to ask this question. :) | 250 | AskComputerScience |
uk8gk1 | So GPUs have VRAM. Is there something similar CPUs have? I know they have a cache, but anything more like proper RAM?
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EDIT: I just want to say, I'm just a guy. I'm not a student studying computer science, I just was curious. I'm a layman and I thought this question would be okay here. Didn't expect to an... | Not really. Computer memory is organized into hierarchies of speed and locality (distance from) to the processor pipelines. There are generally speaking 6-levels: Harddrive, RAM\*, L3 cache, L2 cache, L1 cache, registers. Data moves through this chain as it is needed. GPU's can have more localized memory to speed thing... | 110 | AskComputerScience |
uk8gk1 | So GPUs have VRAM. Is there something similar CPUs have? I know they have a cache, but anything more like proper RAM?
​
EDIT: I just want to say, I'm just a guy. I'm not a student studying computer science, I just was curious. I'm a layman and I thought this question would be okay here. Didn't expect to an... | The [main memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Primary_storage) of the computer, often just called RAM in computer specs, is the RAM the CPU uses. The CPU also has caches, as you said, and small but very fast internal memory slots called registers that can temporarily hold individual numbers or v... | 60 | AskComputerScience |
ukb9s4 | Finding Radius of Graph - is this a correct algorithm? Can someone help me analyse its runtime? | You're calling `runBFS` many times, and often you will call it for a path that has a subpath you have already analyzed. So your runtime will be way too long.
I suggest you run an all-pairs-shortest-path algorith.
Unless I'm misunderstanding what you're computing. | 30 | AskComputerScience |
ukc5ou | Edit: I understand that many antivirals affect the viral polymerase, but I’m most interested in nucleoside analogs like molnupiravir… how do they affect only viral RNA and not host RNA? | The drugs don’t target RNA per se, but the enzymes that make the RNA. since the viral enzymes are different than human enzymes, it is possible to find drugs that inhibit viral RNA synthesis but don’t inhibit RNA synthesis by our cells. | 10,280 | AskScience |
ukc5ou | Edit: I understand that many antivirals affect the viral polymerase, but I’m most interested in nucleoside analogs like molnupiravir… how do they affect only viral RNA and not host RNA? | They don’t target RNA. However they can target RNA dependent RNA polymerases though since humans don’t have them. RNA viruses have to be able to copy RNA to RNA, something humans never do (we go DNA -> RNA only) or in the case of retroviruses reverse transcriptase (RNA -> DNA) which again humans dont do so target... | 870 | AskScience |
ukc5ou | Edit: I understand that many antivirals affect the viral polymerase, but I’m most interested in nucleoside analogs like molnupiravir… how do they affect only viral RNA and not host RNA? | A common class of antivirals are nucleoside analogs, molecules that are very similar to the building blocks of RNA, but that screw up replication when they get incorporated into a new RNA strand, keeping the virus from being able to effectively reproduce or massively slowing it down.
Viruses rely on their own enzymes ... | 510 | AskScience |
uke6bp | Is Western society the most physically comfortable and least mentally fulfilling it has ever been? | Most physically comfortable, probably. A middle class American has luxuries Cleopatra couldn't have dreamed of.
Mental fulfillment is a trickier beast. If you want it, it's out there, affordable to all but the poorest. Want to learn Chinese? Want to study French literature? Want to learn physics or calculus? Do you wa... | 1,880 | AskOldPeople |
uke6bp | Is Western society the most physically comfortable and least mentally fulfilling it has ever been? | *Physically comfortable?* \- Very much is physically more comfortable. Example: Living conditions in the entire South of the United States have been revolutionized by air conditioning. Not everybody has it, of course, but for those who do - and in public spaces like schools - it makes all the difference.
Trade allows ... | 400 | AskOldPeople |
uke6bp | Is Western society the most physically comfortable and least mentally fulfilling it has ever been? | No, I don't feel like that at all. Physically comfortable yes. Mentally fulfilling too.
Humans are very bad at absolutes, we just perceive relatives. And we're bad at seeing constants, we only see change.
So when things are going from bad to worse and back, we think it's good. If things are good and stay good, we th... | 260 | AskOldPeople |
ukes5d | I know there are some examples of viruses jumping host kingdoms, but they seem relatively rare compared to how often they jump between host species. Of the examples we do have, many of them we don't have direct evidence for, the jump is inferred from evolutionary evidence because it happened too far in the past. Is the... | Hierarchy of life taxa is:
Domain > kingdom > phylum > class > order > family > genus > species
Species that share a common genus (ex. Wolf vs coyote) are much, much more similar than two species that only share a common kingdom (ex. Wolf vs lobster).
Similarity (or difference) of physiological ... | 60 | AskScience |
ukey9p | Correct any assumptions I may have made, but I have read about how allergies can come from repeated exposures to something. For example, I've read the story about how cockroach researchers eventually become allergic to them, and in turn have an allergy to instant coffee.
How come we aren't allergic to things we expe... | Allergies are due to your immune system misidentifying one protein as a similar protein. So repeat exposure increases the risk of this part happening. Once this happens, your body creates antibodies that will flag those proteins for histamine attack the next time they’re seen.
Usually our immune systems are good at ... | 1,570 | AskScience |
ukey9p | Correct any assumptions I may have made, but I have read about how allergies can come from repeated exposures to something. For example, I've read the story about how cockroach researchers eventually become allergic to them, and in turn have an allergy to instant coffee.
How come we aren't allergic to things we expe... | While it is true that repeated exposure can cause allergies, it is also true that repeated exposures can cause immune tolerance. It depends on the context of the exposure. That is why vaccines contain an adjuvant. An adjuvant is a substance that stimulates an immune response. Because of the ensuing immune response agai... | 1,190 | AskScience |
ukey9p | Correct any assumptions I may have made, but I have read about how allergies can come from repeated exposures to something. For example, I've read the story about how cockroach researchers eventually become allergic to them, and in turn have an allergy to instant coffee.
How come we aren't allergic to things we expe... | Allergies come from your immune system mistaking something harmless for another thing that is actually bad, and attacking it scorched-earth style with the rest of you as collateral damage.
There's a few ways this can happen. You can have a genetic abnormality that causes your immune system to make the mistake the firs... | 330 | AskScience |
ukg99v | How prevalent were harder drugs (Cocaine, heroin etc.) back in your day? | Had my first taste of coke in ‘72 and loved it and by ‘74 I was buying ozs of it, @$2K per, from a NJ State cop who stole it from the evidence locker and it was awesome stuff but by ‘75 I realized I had a massive coke problem and stopped using it for good. Heroin was everywhere then too, but luckily I never used it. | 190 | AskOldPeople |
ukg99v | How prevalent were harder drugs (Cocaine, heroin etc.) back in your day? | If you worked in the restaurant business in the '80s, you could count on some of your coworkers being dealers. Usually it was just to pay for their own stuff, which was kind of reassuring since it meant they had already tried out any batch they were selling.
The coke-addict restaurant manager who screamed at the staff... | 150 | AskOldPeople |
ukg99v | How prevalent were harder drugs (Cocaine, heroin etc.) back in your day? | Coke was very common in the 80s. This was before people understood how addictive it was. I did it for a little while when it was around, but then swore off of it. Someone was always coming up to you with a little spoon in their hand. Personally, I hated it. It turned people into assholes pretty quickly.
Heroin was no... | 100 | AskOldPeople |
ukgudl | Evushield: how does it work and why isn't it called a vaccine? | Evushield is a combination of two different antibodies against the virus that causes COVID-19. These antibodies stem from people who were recovering from COVID - that is, they were infected and their immune systems produced these antibodies. These antibodies, once identified, are replicated as “monoclonal antibodies”... | 220 | AskScience |
ukgudl | Evushield: how does it work and why isn't it called a vaccine? | Evusheld is a pair of long-acting monoclonal antibodies (meaning roughly, antibodies mass produced by a line of cloned cells in a lab). Monoclonal antibodies can be sourced from various types of cells; these two are produced in clones of human cells donated by people who had previously had COVID-19. Therefore they are ... | 60 | AskScience |
ukhxs7 | So while we haven't discovered any life native to Mars, are there microorganisms that live on our planet that could survive on Mars? | NASA did some studies where they sent stuff up into the upper atmosphere and simulated the conditions on Mars, and some of the spores survived. So they believe that there are some microbes on earth that could survive at least temporarily on Mars.
However, we haven't found any living organisms on earth that would pr... | 290 | AskScience |
ukj9av | Trying to understand the societal stigma | Here in the US, the original impetus was fashion driven. It began in the 1920's when sleeveless dresses first came into vogue.
The hippy movement in the 1960's essentially rejected the notion that leg and armpit shaving was a necessity for women.
It's my understanding that many European women do not shave their pits ... | 1,120 | AskOldPeople |
ukj9av | Trying to understand the societal stigma | Most of the body hair shaming came out of the razor industry. Gotta sell more blades! | 800 | AskOldPeople |
ukj9av | Trying to understand the societal stigma | Lol - a lot of women don’t shave in Europe and the rest of the world. Why should they? | 490 | AskOldPeople |
ukl0no | Throughout random readings I’ve found that the Appalachians used to be larger than the Himalayas. Are there any new ranges currently forming and will any range formed ever be as large as the Appalachians considering tectonic plate movement is gradually slowing? | The Himalaya are still forming as the Indian subcontinent continues to move north in collision with the Eurasian plate.
There is (relatively recently initiated) subduction in Southeast Asia as well, as part of the same collision currently building the Himalayas. | 350 | AskScience |
ukl0no | Throughout random readings I’ve found that the Appalachians used to be larger than the Himalayas. Are there any new ranges currently forming and will any range formed ever be as large as the Appalachians considering tectonic plate movement is gradually slowing? | There are several competing models for the future motion of continents. We're pretty confident Africa is going to continue North into Europe, which will probably close the Mediterranean and form a more continuous range across it. If East Africa rifts away from the rest of Africa, it may swing up to the north and collid... | 90 | AskScience |
ukl0no | Throughout random readings I’ve found that the Appalachians used to be larger than the Himalayas. Are there any new ranges currently forming and will any range formed ever be as large as the Appalachians considering tectonic plate movement is gradually slowing? | I've peppered the other responses that were here with this, but for the sake of completeness, **this question is fundamentally unanswerable beyond vague generalization**. As touched on by /u/loki130 in their answer (and discussed in some detail in one of our [FAQs](https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/planetary_sci... | 40 | AskScience |
ukledy | Why does the cost of left and right move is 1 but the the cost of up and down moves is 2.
[https://imgur.com/a/oQV9AII](https://imgur.com/a/oQV9AII) | I don't know, at a glance, what heuristic they're using. There are a few popular ones. Eg: [Solving the 8-Puzzle using
A* Heuristic Search](https://cse.iitk.ac.in/users/cs365/2009/ppt/13jan_Aman.pdf).
The "1" and "2" numbers might be talking about the relative scores between choices, not the overal "score of the board... | 30 | AskComputerScience |
ukllyj | As a young person, the world seems so heavy anymore and the future looks so dark. I know we’re not the first group of people to live through difficult times, but I can’t ever recall feeling so hopeless.
I keep seeing suicides increasing around me and yesterday I had multiple conversations with my friends where we wer... | Public Policy Analysis is my profession.
I have a hard truth you need to learn to accept...
The world is fine.
The future is very bright.
Fear mongers sell fear because people buy it, that's all.
Is there shit going on? Sure. There's always shit going on. Same old same old. | 60 | AskOldPeople |
ukllyj | As a young person, the world seems so heavy anymore and the future looks so dark. I know we’re not the first group of people to live through difficult times, but I can’t ever recall feeling so hopeless.
I keep seeing suicides increasing around me and yesterday I had multiple conversations with my friends where we wer... | There's always hope. Things do seem totally f-ed. I never thought that my generation (X) would have to step up. We were promised 'the end of history' - like in a good way. That hasn't panned out. Things will be different than what we wished, how could it be otherwise? No one knows the future.
I think that it helps to ... | 50 | AskOldPeople |
ukllyj | As a young person, the world seems so heavy anymore and the future looks so dark. I know we’re not the first group of people to live through difficult times, but I can’t ever recall feeling so hopeless.
I keep seeing suicides increasing around me and yesterday I had multiple conversations with my friends where we wer... | There is always horror and there is always hope. Imagine the Jewish people who lived through the Holocaust- there must have been many who chose suicide, or simply gave up.But there were many more who insisted on living despite the best efforts to kill them all. That was a dark time.
This is a dark time too, but for d... | 30 | AskOldPeople |
ukoeuy | Hi all. I really struggle understanding programming, because there's so much vocabulary, and I get really frustrated with how redundant and contrived some of it seems to me. I'm a smart guy, but I have no patience when someone starts "speaking" a programming language to explain a programming concept.
Right now, I'm tr... | If you were to write:
String A = "my string";
That's using a literal to assign to A
If you then wrote:
String B = A;
You are no longer using any string literals. A string literal is a piece of syntax. You would never refer to a variable as a string *literal*, only text enclosed in quotation marks is a stri... | 160 | AskComputerScience |
ukoeuy | Hi all. I really struggle understanding programming, because there's so much vocabulary, and I get really frustrated with how redundant and contrived some of it seems to me. I'm a smart guy, but I have no patience when someone starts "speaking" a programming language to explain a programming concept.
Right now, I'm tr... | A "string literal" is something that occurs in your *source code*, marked by quotation marks. It's distinct from the string *object* that exists when your program is running. String literals are one way to create strings, but not the only way.
If you say:
s = "abc"
then the string literal `"abc"` in your source... | 130 | AskComputerScience |
ukoeuy | Hi all. I really struggle understanding programming, because there's so much vocabulary, and I get really frustrated with how redundant and contrived some of it seems to me. I'm a smart guy, but I have no patience when someone starts "speaking" a programming language to explain a programming concept.
Right now, I'm tr... | I share your frustration with things that seem redundant and contrived. A lot of things in CS seem that way at first, but very few actually are. The vast majority of CS was codified by quite thoughtful, clever people, many of whom had a formal math background. This means they were used to defining things very narrow... | 60 | AskComputerScience |
ukp3eb | What is the difference between these waves that allows something like a camera to work or not work? | [removed] | 9,380 | AskScience |
ukp3eb | What is the difference between these waves that allows something like a camera to work or not work? | Some pretty poor answers, so I'm obliged to post a reply.
Theoretically, there is no reason why we cannot build antenna for optical wavelengths and camera for radio wavelengths, and there are examples
Also, note that antenna and camera are devices that are designed to do different things - so you are not exactly comp... | 4,100 | AskScience |
ukp3eb | What is the difference between these waves that allows something like a camera to work or not work? | The energy they contain is the difference. Radio waves are very weak when compared to visible light or UV. The antenna gives a bigger surface area and also is useful because the wave length of the radio waves is very big for a small receiver like a camera to capture. In simple words its due to the wave length that we n... | 480 | AskScience |
ukpc15 | I'm studying ichthyosaur fins for my university dissertation, and I'm looking at polyphalangy (defined as phalanges branching from digits) and hyperphalangy (additional phalanges added linearly onto digits) (see this image from Fedak and Hall, 2004 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571266/figure/fig01/](ht... | Yes! [There have been rare cases of hyperphalangy in humans ](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.1320460215), also sometimes referred to as having “supernumerary phalanges”. [In hyperphalangy associated with Brachydactyly Type C,](https://rarediseases.org/gard-rare-disease/brachydactyly-type-c/) the ... | 150 | AskScience |
ukpoiq | Are there any examples of a species disappearing from the fossil record because of a predator species being so successful in hunting it? (Other than extinctions humans have caused?) | Fossilization is actually a pretty rare phenomenon. Only a tiny fraction of all living beings get trapped as fossils. That make it pretty difficult to make the types of conclusions you are asking about using the fossil record. | 330 | AskScience |
ukpoiq | Are there any examples of a species disappearing from the fossil record because of a predator species being so successful in hunting it? (Other than extinctions humans have caused?) | Here’s a paper suggesting that gnathostomes (jawed fish) heavily predated on agnathostomes (jawless fish), contributing to extinction of ostracoderms (armoured jawless fish) in the Upper Devonian (around 372MYA)
Bite marks and predation of fossil jawless fish during the rise of jawed vertebrates
https://royalsociety... | 40 | AskScience |
ukpoiq | Are there any examples of a species disappearing from the fossil record because of a predator species being so successful in hunting it? (Other than extinctions humans have caused?) | this indubitably happens often, if a generalist predator hunts 2 prey animals, one that can cope with the hunting and another that cannot, the one that cannot will go extinct/disappear from the area because even if their numbers decrease the predators won't become more rare. the smaller the area and the lower the popul... | 30 | AskScience |
ukqpkp | For example, dogs experience nausea and it is often indicated by drooling and excessive swallowing, and anti-emetic medications work for dogs. But outside of observed behaviors, do scientists have other ways of knowing whether nausea is something that all mammals experience? Could it be determined by studying mammalian... | Nausea is a subjective experience of a physiological phenomenon. It's qualia rather than an objective, measurable state. We can definitely say that animals experience the physiological indicators of nausea but whether they experience nausea as a subjective, conscious thing is an extremely difficult and perhaps impossib... | 80 | AskScience |
ukqti1 | Are there foods that actually are superfoods? I mean, are there any foods out there that extremely effect your body from just one eat? | Superfood :
>The term has no official definition by regulatory authorities in major consumer markets, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration and Department of Agriculture or the European Food Safety Authority. It appears to have been first used in a Canadian newspaper in 1949 when referring to the s... | 27,250 | AskScience |
ukqti1 | Are there foods that actually are superfoods? I mean, are there any foods out there that extremely effect your body from just one eat? | [removed] | 12,130 | AskScience |
ukqti1 | Are there foods that actually are superfoods? I mean, are there any foods out there that extremely effect your body from just one eat? | > Are there foods that actually are superfoods?
No, "superfood" is a marketing term, it has no unofficial or official definition and is just being used to try to sell things to you.
The term 'superfood" is being applied to foods that are claimed to be better for you and healthier if consumed in moderate amounts ... | 4,340 | AskScience |
ukr4cx | How was your sex life in the 60s and the 70s? | Non-existent. The 80s, however, are a different story. | 50 | AskOldPeople |
uksg30 | Curious if this is something not talked about as much when you’re young — how many of you and your friends have virgin teeth? As opposed to dentures, veneers, crowns etc. | My husband is 13 years younger than me and and he ended up with a complete set of false teeth last year at 45.
I'm coming up on 59 this year and it looks like I'll be in the same boat in a few years. We really both lost the genetics lotteries in both of our families.
It's not just that though. Speaking for myself, I... | 640 | AskOldPeople |
uksg30 | Curious if this is something not talked about as much when you’re young — how many of you and your friends have virgin teeth? As opposed to dentures, veneers, crowns etc. | I won't tell you the story of my soft teeth and bad gums. It's been a horrible struggle, but at 78 I have full dentures that snap in for strength. At least the pain is finally gone. | 350 | AskOldPeople |
uksg30 | Curious if this is something not talked about as much when you’re young — how many of you and your friends have virgin teeth? As opposed to dentures, veneers, crowns etc. | I had my first 2 crowns in my 20s. It's not just an age thing. | 340 | AskOldPeople |
ukt5rb | This is mostly regarding psychoactive substances, but it seems for most substances, the half-life is much longer than the duration you actually feel the drug's effects.
Take ativan for example. It's half life seems to be around 12 hours, although apparently a better estimate is between 10 and 12 hours. Yet it does not... | The answer is that the processes involved are complicated. For oral drugs, absorption peaks some time after digestion, so there is not a simple decay, more of a peak followed by a drop off. In addition, the effect of most drugs are not linearly dependent on the concentration in the target tissue, because of saturation ... | 90 | AskScience |
ukt5rb | This is mostly regarding psychoactive substances, but it seems for most substances, the half-life is much longer than the duration you actually feel the drug's effects.
Take ativan for example. It's half life seems to be around 12 hours, although apparently a better estimate is between 10 and 12 hours. Yet it does not... | There's a threshold concentration in the body needed for an effect to be observed.
Whether or not that threshold is achieved, and for how long, depends on the size of the dose, the number of doses and the time between doses.
The half-life is just the amount of time it takes for half the drug to be cleared (assuming t... | 50 | AskScience |
ukt5rb | This is mostly regarding psychoactive substances, but it seems for most substances, the half-life is much longer than the duration you actually feel the drug's effects.
Take ativan for example. It's half life seems to be around 12 hours, although apparently a better estimate is between 10 and 12 hours. Yet it does not... | On my opinion, the key is distribution. Usually half life is expressed in a certain media (eg plasma, brain, whole organism, etc). That localization though may not be relevant to the effect the drug is supposed to do. Without specific knowledge about it, and taking your example (all data is not validated and given to e... | 30 | AskScience |
uktxrb | I'm pretty new to programming. I've learned only Python yet and some Django too. I was thinking about starting to learn Rust but I don't know anything about... So can anyone tell me if I should learn it or not.. if yes, what type of things can I do with this language?.. | As you can imagine, this is a pretty common question. If you Google it, you'll probably get some reasonable stuff in the first page of results. I'll highlight an interesting posts taking the opposite angle, why you might _not_ want to learn Rust, written a well-known Rustacean: https://matklad.github.io/2020/09/20/why-... | 80 | LearnRust |
uktxrb | I'm pretty new to programming. I've learned only Python yet and some Django too. I was thinking about starting to learn Rust but I don't know anything about... So can anyone tell me if I should learn it or not.. if yes, what type of things can I do with this language?.. | \>> what type of things can I do with this language
In a nutshell: Rust tries to solve a problem that other languages tend to solve in a different way, but with downsides. Which is that its difficult to manage memory. Other languages like JS and Python solve this by completely taking this problem off your hands ... | 30 | LearnRust |
uktxrb | I'm pretty new to programming. I've learned only Python yet and some Django too. I was thinking about starting to learn Rust but I don't know anything about... So can anyone tell me if I should learn it or not.. if yes, what type of things can I do with this language?.. | I wouldn’t recommend learning rust for a beginner. I recommend keep going with more mature and higher-level languages such as python or JavaScript | 30 | LearnRust |
ukv31g | Can a region anywhere on earth possibly experience the worst climate in the next 5 or 10 years rather than in 50-70 years in this century? Or will climate change make it certain that the worst is going to happen only after 50 or so years? | This is hard to answer with certainty. To understand why, we can do a little thought experiment, but it first requires that we think a bit about how we describe the statistics of "extreme weather". For our "extreme weather", let's specifically focus on rainfall. We generally expect rainfall (i.e., storm) events for a p... | 80 | AskScience |
ukvh8x | I recently learned how avocados are not true to seed plants and by that meaning planting them doesn't give you the same fruit.
This is very intriguing and strange. Aren't we all the product of our DNA. And isnt that DNA embedded within the seed? | some species have male/female plants.
there you get a mix of genes from each parent, and so the offspring will be mixed.
other plants can be hermaphraditic, or self-fertilizing (all the genes come from the same single parent.) So their offspring are more like clones (true to seed).
im pretty sure thats pretty clos... | 30 | AskScience |
ukwuee | There's likely to be a major interaction between our galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy at some point. There are models showing what we expect to happen. Have we imaged anything that looks like galaxies interacting, or the remnants of that interaction? How closely do they resemble the models? | We've seen plenty of interacting and merging galaxies - it happens quite frequently in the universe between all different shapes and sizes of galaxies - and they tend to somewhat resemble merging models (within reason) because the models tend to be based on observing these galaxies and trying to model how they behave: ... | 320 | AskScience |
ukxkgu | And would this also increase volcanic activity on the side facing away from the star? | If the planet is tidally locked then we are in a one sided equilibrium. The tidal force still exists but there is no spatio-temproal variation, that is, given a point in space on the planet the tidal force remains constant in time. So all that tides then do is act to adjust the equilibrium shape of the body.
You can b... | 310 | AskScience |
ukxkgu | And would this also increase volcanic activity on the side facing away from the star? | What habitable zone do you think has to do with volcanic activity?
Anyway, /u/dukesdj already answered to your question.
If you was thinking something about habitability, then I could add to that that tidally locked planets aren't best candidates, they probably don't have much water on the hot size, and they probably... | 70 | AskScience |
ukxqb1 | 7/45 of the worlds biggest caves are in Georgia, including the top 4. Why is this? What is so special about the geology of such a small country that in contains such deep caves? | Georgia has a lot of conditions that favor cave (karst) formation, mostly related to aspects of the formation of the Greater Caucasus mountains which dominate much of geography of the country. Specifically, there's a lot of limestone (because the rocks of the Greater Caucasus reflect a marine basin that was closed and ... | 22,200 | AskScience |
ukxqb1 | 7/45 of the worlds biggest caves are in Georgia, including the top 4. Why is this? What is so special about the geology of such a small country that in contains such deep caves? | I remember a story of cavers exploring a previously unexplored cave in Georgia. As they were deep in the cave, they came across a chasm that seemed to go down forever. And what was even more surprising was that somebody had tied a rope that went to the chasm. As far as they knew, they were the first people there. So th... | 40 | AskScience |
ukxtkg | “The first article that I wrote for the elementary school newspaper was on the fall of Barcelona \[in 1939\],”
“I haven’t changed my opinion since, it’s just gotten worse,”
“we’re approaching the most dangerous point in human history… We are now facing the prospect of destruction of organised human life on Earth.... | > There are plenty of young people who are appalled by the behaviour of the older generation
That could have been written in 1968 about the hippies (who are now the older generation). Nothing new here. | 310 | AskOldPeople |
ukxtkg | “The first article that I wrote for the elementary school newspaper was on the fall of Barcelona \[in 1939\],”
“I haven’t changed my opinion since, it’s just gotten worse,”
“we’re approaching the most dangerous point in human history… We are now facing the prospect of destruction of organised human life on Earth.... | I mean yeah he’s been saying this type shit forever so is this new or something? | 180 | AskOldPeople |
ukxtkg | “The first article that I wrote for the elementary school newspaper was on the fall of Barcelona \[in 1939\],”
“I haven’t changed my opinion since, it’s just gotten worse,”
“we’re approaching the most dangerous point in human history… We are now facing the prospect of destruction of organised human life on Earth.... | i do not think humans are able to solve all the problems that do arise.
And I do not think Chomsky is the one who knows the best answers. | 130 | AskOldPeople |
uky99r | I studied that in Linux, user level threads are mapped 1:1 to kernel level threads, and threads have the same type of PCB that we are for processes. About Windows, what's the difference with Linux? I studied that Windows threads are mapped m:n with pools of worker threads. So:
* Are the created threads just shown in t... | I don't know the details of how it works in Windows, but on Linux:
Because of the way threads were "retrofitted" onto the Linux kernel after it was originally designed, there's a bit of a mismatch in terminology between the way user-space tools talk about threads and the kernel's view. From the kernel's perspective, e... | 30 | AskComputerScience |
ukynrg | I've read IMMUNE from Kurzgesagt, and now I'm watching Breaking Bad. So I want to know how cancer can spread into your lymph node. Thanks!! | The “how” is cancer is cells that have broken outside the control of the cell cycle, they have signals to make them grow/proliferate turned on and signals to stop growth turned off. Under ordinary circumstances cells from one part of your body would die in another part, but cancer cells can adapt to new conditions beca... | 150 | AskScience |
ukzc2c | If in some species males also can be pregnant then what tell scientists that this one should be called male and other one female? | Whichever one makes the bigger gamete (sex cell) is the female. Easy example is egg (big) vs sperm (small), but it's not always so clear. As you point out, it doesn't always correlate with pregnancy or dedication to the young. | 230 | AskScience |
ukzfir | I've recently reading about new advances in rocket propulsion technology. Leaving aside other considerations like ionizability, chemical stability, etc., why does either propulsion system prefer the "opposite" extreme of propellant molecular weight? From what I gather online, ion engines tend towards xenon, while the p... | The short answer is that lower molecular weight result in higher Isp but lower thrust. For ion engines you can easily get too much Isp and too little thrust.
I am going to assume you know what specific impulse means (Isp). Let me know if it's not the case.
In a rocket engine the power in the jet is something like:
... | 790 | AskScience |
ul019c | There was a problem in which we were asked to compute the throughput of various window sizes. I noticed that, as we increase the window size, we get better throughput (because we have less and less idle time). My question is, then why can't we have an arbitrarily large window size? What is the disadvantage?
The questi... | A larger window size requires more memory on both participants in the connection, and implies a longer delay before the application sees any data.
The memory is self explanatory. If we blow the window size up to something preposterous like 1 GB, both participants need to store the last gigabyte of packets they’ve sent... | 80 | AskComputerScience |
ul0bah | How do you view a 25 year old? | Depends on their personality and interactions with society....that should be how a person is viewed....being a good human or a raging ass has no age limits or age ranges | 170 | AskOldPeople |
ul0bah | How do you view a 25 year old? | [deleted] | 120 | AskOldPeople |
ul0bah | How do you view a 25 year old? | Binoculars? | 80 | AskOldPeople |
ul3x3m | the title. I want to design a messaging system where the server rejects messages unless they are encrypted. but if they are, then the server passes the message to the client who then decrypts it privately.
I'm pretty sure I remember reading that real cipher text should not be distinguishable from random data. But it w... | Do you want to prove to the server that the sender knows a key and plaintext that encrypt into the ciphertext they have in front of them, or would it be enough for the sender to just tell the server "I want to send this on to the recipient, and here's a piece of evidence you can use to prove to the recipient that I'm r... | 60 | AskComputerScience |
ul525j | I took a Java beginners course my last semester, and have decided to major in computer science. But I felt so behind because I did not have any prior experience with programming. So I wanted to learn some Java over the summer break and familiarize myself. What website would you recommend for someone like me? | Hackerrank.com is great for learning Java, as well as general problem solving, algorithms, and data structures in many different languages.
In general, what you are looking for are code challenges or coding competition websites. I think the UVA online judge is still online. One of the benefits of practicing your codin... | 60 | AskComputerScience |
ul525j | I took a Java beginners course my last semester, and have decided to major in computer science. But I felt so behind because I did not have any prior experience with programming. So I wanted to learn some Java over the summer break and familiarize myself. What website would you recommend for someone like me? | https://java-programming.mooc.fi/
This is often brought up as one of the best online courses for Java. It's free, through the University of Helsinki. I finished both of their Java courses and I found them pretty helpful, covering basic to advance topics, with good explanations and a ton of programming challenges. | 40 | AskComputerScience |
ul525j | I took a Java beginners course my last semester, and have decided to major in computer science. But I felt so behind because I did not have any prior experience with programming. So I wanted to learn some Java over the summer break and familiarize myself. What website would you recommend for someone like me? | [codingbat.com](https://codingbat.com) has slowly graduated. Java exercises for beginners, I think it's a great place to start/refresh basic programming skills. Then move on to something more project based. | 30 | AskComputerScience |
ul66lu | Does this mean that π is Turing complete?
If you picked the correct spot to start reading the "tape", π may be functional code.
Is the answer only "no" until that spot is found? | It's actually a common misconception that pi contains all possible strings of numbers 0-9. Some people suspect it, but this property hasn't been proven. You can read [this](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/216343/does-pi-contain-all-possible-number-combinations) for more information.
Even if it were true, you ... | 390 | AskComputerScience |
ul66lu | Does this mean that π is Turing complete?
If you picked the correct spot to start reading the "tape", π may be functional code.
Is the answer only "no" until that spot is found? | Pi (at some offset and numerical base) would be an input for some kind of computing device. i.e. you'd have to apply some model of computation to the data.
Pi itself is just data. | 60 | AskComputerScience |
ul6okz | What were your thoughts? | It seemed like such a huge deal at the time. Ken Starr. Republicans losing their minds. The moral outrage!!! I was a Republican at the time, didn’t like the Clintons, and couldn’t have cared less about it.
Now? Well, now we have a sitting representative who trafficked minors, paid them by Venmo, and had his partner i... | 1,890 | AskOldPeople |
ul6okz | What were your thoughts? | i remember. i hated the hate that lewinsky dealt with. | 1,480 | AskOldPeople |
ul6okz | What were your thoughts? | Consensual sex between 2 adults, not that big a deal. Cheating on your wife with someone half your age, amoral. Lying about it under oath, criminal.
But we know JFK screwed anything that moved, and other presidents have had affairs (FDR, LBJ). So why it became a big concern with Clinton one can only speculate.
My par... | 1,120 | AskOldPeople |
ul6xki | As title. Both have the function of waiting for an async function to complete.
Additionally why can’t I run an async function with an await from a synchronous function? What could go wrong if that was allowed? | Well, there is a bit of confusion about what an async function does, so lets start from the problem it solves. Imagine that you are writing a piece of software that needs to listen for incoming connections, so what you do is you call `.listen` and wait, this is called blocking behaviour, but what if you wanted to do ot... | 200 | LearnRust |
ul6xki | As title. Both have the function of waiting for an async function to complete.
Additionally why can’t I run an async function with an await from a synchronous function? What could go wrong if that was allowed? | Look into how the `Future` trait works, the base idea is rather simple.
Omitting all detais `async` blocks are just futures that the compiler generates for you.
You can think of it roughly something like this:
```
async {
foo_future.await;
1_usize
}
```
turns into something like:
```
impl Future for SomeGenera... | 30 | LearnRust |
ul8bzb | I've heard that Dazed and Confused (released in 1993) depicts the late '70s really well. Any other movies that came out years after the era they depict that represent that era very accurately? | I love coming of age-type era movies. I just watched Summer days, summer nights (2018) playing in 1982. Music, cloths, cars all from the "groovy" 80s. It really was a bit of a blast of the past.
I think there are a few more like that but American Graffiti (1973) playing in 1962 is the original for me and my all-time f... | 110 | AskOldPeople |
ul8bzb | I've heard that Dazed and Confused (released in 1993) depicts the late '70s really well. Any other movies that came out years after the era they depict that represent that era very accurately? | Boogie Nights | 60 | AskOldPeople |
ul8bzb | I've heard that Dazed and Confused (released in 1993) depicts the late '70s really well. Any other movies that came out years after the era they depict that represent that era very accurately? | Not a movie but Stranger Things was right on with most things. I was a kid around the age of the characters at that time and all the cars and furnishings and stuff are spot on. Except for a very noticeable inappropriate power strip that showed up in a shed, I think it was in Season 2. Very off-putting. Otherwise the pr... | 50 | AskOldPeople |
ul8g9w | That movie makes 1970s New York seem like a dystopian hell. Was New York as bad as that movie makes it seem like? | Absolutely depended on the neighborhood street.
Neighborhoods that were stable and had either homeowners or people in rent-controlled apartments tended to stay long term, cared about their street and kept an eye out for others. But this was literally street by street. It wasn't an area that was good or bad. It was a... | 1,040 | AskOldPeople |
ul8g9w | That movie makes 1970s New York seem like a dystopian hell. Was New York as bad as that movie makes it seem like? | NYC almost declared bankruptcy in 1975. The state took control of the city’s finances and made drastic cuts in municipal services and spending, cut city employment, froze salaries and raised bus and subway fares.
The New York City blackout of 1977 struck on July 13 of that year and lasted for 25 hours, during which b... | 600 | AskOldPeople |
ul8g9w | That movie makes 1970s New York seem like a dystopian hell. Was New York as bad as that movie makes it seem like? | To me, yes. I was born and raised in Manhattan in a not-great neighborhood. I left in 1972 and felt reborn. Frequent visits home during the 70s reinforced this feeling. Dystopian hell is exactly what it felt like.
On the other hand, my family and oldest friends did not feel the same way I did. They stayed and continue... | 460 | AskOldPeople |
ul92gk | How did your parents react to the music? | My dad’s priest counseled him to talk to me about my heavy metal problem. Mid-1980s, loads of devil imagery. I’d moved on to punk and we laughed over some of the album covers. The priest was later accused of molesting altar boys and I still like metal. | 210 | AskOldPeople |
ul92gk | How did your parents react to the music? | Metal....hair metal, glam metal, hard metal, punk...geezus I had a lot of fun. Anyway, my mother hated it ALL. She thought I was going to end up like Nancy Spungen. The day Sid Vicious died, I was coming in the door from school and she said "that asshole from that band you like so much is dead." She thought the New Yor... | 120 | AskOldPeople |
ul92gk | How did your parents react to the music? | My parents were born in the early 1920s. When rock was new, I was a small child. However, I suspect my parents weren't big fans of Elvis, Chuck Berry or Little Richard. Mom loved Sinatra, Perry Como, Patty Page, etc. Dad loved Hank Williams, Ernest Tubb, Lefty Frizzell, etc.
I guess I would call Led Zeppelin one of th... | 80 | AskOldPeople |
ula8he | Thirty Seconds Over Winterland and Bless Its Pointed Little Head (Jefferson Airplane) come to mind. Coincidentally both are live albums. | [Weasels Ripped My Flesh](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weasels_Ripped_My_Flesh) | 140 | AskOldPeople |
ula8he | Thirty Seconds Over Winterland and Bless Its Pointed Little Head (Jefferson Airplane) come to mind. Coincidentally both are live albums. | You Can Tune a Piano But You Can't Tuna Fish by REO Speedwagon. | 90 | AskOldPeople |
ula8he | Thirty Seconds Over Winterland and Bless Its Pointed Little Head (Jefferson Airplane) come to mind. Coincidentally both are live albums. | nothing implied about the actual music, but here are some titles that i like:
\- the smoker you drink, the player you get - joe walsh
\- sunday morning coming down - kristofferson? cash?
\- dancing in the dragon's jaws, bruce cockburn | 50 | AskOldPeople |
ulbj4n | What is a strong belief that has been consistent throughout your life? | That animals deserve our kindness and compassion. | 350 | AskOldPeople |
ulbj4n | What is a strong belief that has been consistent throughout your life? | That I don’t want children. | 310 | AskOldPeople |
ulbj4n | What is a strong belief that has been consistent throughout your life? | Religion does more harm than good. | 280 | AskOldPeople |
ulcg1r | What was the harshest you punished your kids and why? | I sent them to bed without dinner once. I swear the way they were crying you would think I was killing them.
After about an hour I sent my husband in with sandwiches for them.
We were at a family members house and they would not stop fighting, constant bickering and I had it up to my chin. I told them, if they... | 70 | AskOldPeople |
ulcg1r | What was the harshest you punished your kids and why? | had a bad habit of screwing around in the morning getting ready for school making her mom late for work way to often. Mom was a pushover. The delay was often debates about what to wear and getting dressed.
3nd grade.
I took a morning off work and decided i was fixing this. She fucked around and found out.
I... | 60 | AskOldPeople |
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