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{ "content": "Second, the closest possible contact with the masses. The comrades concerned must be wholly absorbed in the interests of the masses, feel the life pulse of the masses, know their sentiments and requirements. The prestige of the leaders of our Party organizations should be based, first of all, on the fac...
{ "content": "But how many even of you, delegates to the Congress, know the details of the trial of the railwaymen in Rumania, know about the trial of Fiete Schulze, who was subsequently beheaded by the fascists in Germany, the trial of our valiant Japanese comrade Itsikawa, the trial of the Bulgarian revolutionary s...
{ "content": "Revolutionary theory is the generalized, summarized experience of the revolutionary movement. Communists must carefully utilize in their countries not only the experience of the past but also the experience of the present struggle of other detachments of the international workers' movement. However, cor...
{ "content": "The working class possesses a firm, well-knit revolutionary vanguard, the Communist International.The whole course of historical development, Comrades, favours the cause of the working class. In vain are the efforts of the reactionaries, the fascists of every hue, the entire world bourgeoisie, to turn b...
{ "content": "Georgi Dimitrov 1948People of Bulgaria in the Struggle for Democracy and SocialismWritten: By Georgi Dimitrov, February 1948;Source: For a Lasting Peace, for a People's Democracy! Vol. 2, no. 7; April 1, 1948;Transcribed: David Adams, March 2022.Abridged Report to the Second Congress of the Father Front...
{ "content": "denounced and the leaders of which, as is known, were arrestedin the act of preparing a coup d’état against the people's power,suffered a crushing defeat and were rendered harmless.The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, adoptedby the Great People's Assembly, secured the historical gains ...
{ "content": "The women of Bulgaria were given equal rights and drawn intoactive public and political life. The Front gave the country'syouth, who have reached the age of 18, the right to elect and beelected. Our young people are the pride of the People'sRepublic of Bulgaria. Their patriotic exploits on the labourfro...
{ "content": "completion, will produce 110,000 tons of fertilizers annually.The plant will also have a special shop which will producesulphuric acid. An agreement has been signed with the USSRto build a liquid fuel plant.A particularly important measure in the sphere of our economicpolicy which will greatly promote t...
{ "content": "the great constructive work of the Front.The Principal Tasks of the Fatherland FrontThe tasks which the Fatherland Front programme outlined in1942 have, in the main, been fulfilled. The Front must nowrenew its programme and define its new tasks in accordancewith the vital interests of the people and wit...
{ "content": "was imposed on the people from above, by means of terror andviolence, and found expression in the unrestricted dominationand dictatorship of a handful of big capitalists, financialmagnates, businessmen and political adventurers over the vastmajority of the people with the aim of plundering andenslaving ...
{ "content": "Georgi DimitrovSpeech on the Chinese Question Delivered 23 July 1936 at the Meeting of the Secretariat of the ECCI First Published:1986 in 'Kommunisticheskii Internatsional i kitaiskaya revolutsiya' p. 263-266Translated by: Tahir AsgharSource: revolutionarydemocracy.orgTranscribed: revolutionarydemocrac...
{ "content": "Chiang Kai-shek personally does not want a unified front. He is afraid of the unified front, but it is necessary to create such conditions in China and such a movement among Chiang Kai-shek's army and in the Kuomintang that Chiang Kai-shek is forced to accept such an anti-Japanese united front, so that ...
{ "content": " \tObituary of G.M. Dimitrov \t\t\t\t\t\tOriginally Published: World News and Views, No. 28, July 1949\t\tTranscription: Marxist-Leninist Translations and Reprints\t\tHTML Markup: Brian Reid\t\tPublic Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform t...
{ "content": " Georgi DimitrovFascism is War Written: July 18, 1936Source: Dimitrov, Georgi Selected Works, volume 2, Sofia Press 1972, pp. 176-18Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias BismoSlightly abridgedTwo years ago, in August 1935, the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, in analyzing the international ...
{ "content": "Holding out a similar lure, the fascists are exerting incredible efforts to come to an agreement with the French reactionaries so as to induce France to renounce the Franco-Soviet pact, thus isolating it from the Soviet Union. The fascist states left the League of Nations to get a free hand for their ag...
{ "content": "Can it be that the Socialist Labour International and the International Federation of Trade Unions will rest content now with general wordy declarations and incantations in favour of peace, while in deeds they shun joint action by all organizations of the international labour movement which is so vitall...
{ "content": " Georgi DimitrovThe People's Front Published: December 1935Transcription: ZodiacHTML Markup: Mathias Bismo1The policy of the People's Front of struggle against fascism and war, proclaimedby the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, has aroused a mightyecho among the working masses of all coun...
{ "content": "extreme and become the victims of sectarianism and Leftist excesses. Theymake the mistake of identifying the policy of the People's Front with thepolicy of class collaboration with the bourgeoisie, and demand \"a pureworking-class policy,\" declaring that the joint struggle of the workingclass and the d...
{ "content": "victory of the peace the People's Front in France and strike a heavy blowat fascism in all countries.The heroic struggle of the Spanish people serves as a strikingand convincing warning to the fascist forces of darkness in those countrieswhere they are feverishly preparing for fascist coups d'état,that ...
{ "content": "of warships and, lastly, army units, had they been promptly and firmlychecked. They would have been compelled to retreat if; at the very beginningof the fascist rebellion in Spain, they had encountered the mighty forceof the international working class movement marching in a united front,if they had enc...
{ "content": "the existing government should turn out to be unable to put through theprogram of the People's Front, if it takes the line of retreat before theenemy at home and abroad, if its policy leads to the discrediting of thePeople's Front and thus weakens the resistance to the fascist offensive,then the working...
{ "content": "Our whole experience since the congress has shown still more clearlythat the road to united action on the part of the working class nationallyand on an international scale is far from being a straight, smooth,paved road. It is a pretty hard, zigzag road, often thorny and steep.Open and covert enemies of...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov The Budapest Resolution First Published: 1911 in Rabotnicheski Vestnik No. 60, October 3rd. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 31-35 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathi...
{ "content": "We know that this is precisely what the Conference did in the case of America. The new American trade union centre was frankly and categorically told that, if it wanted to he in the International, it should join the old American centre5) (known as Gompers' American Federation of Labour), which has belon...
{ "content": " Jouhaux, L�on (born in 1878), leader of the French reformist trade union movement, one of the foremost leaders of the Amsterdam Trade Unions International. Prior to the First World War he was an anarchist anti-militarist, but then became an outspoken advocate of 'civil peace'. Lenin called him one...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov Against Military Credits Shorthand notes 17th National Assembly November 19, 1914, pp. 483-486. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 40-48 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathia...
{ "content": "the system of credits outside the budget, they are not objections of principle, for you may rightly tell those on the left that they, too, have spent considerable sums for military purposes in the same way, that this was not invented by the Liberal Government, but is an old system which is likely to con...
{ "content": "G. Dimitrov: You, gentlemen, are not prepared to grant a single penny to the working class, to the destitute masses, whom tomorrow you will be calling to arms, to fight not for themselves, but for you again.From the right wing and right centre: Hear, hear!G. Dimitrov:... for your policy and your nationa...
{ "content": "G. Dimitrov: ...but, consciously or unconsciously, for the ruin of our national freedom and independence, that the people will not support you, that they are against it and, on their behalf, we resolutely oppose the policy pursued here, which is directed against the nation's freedom and in (Applause on ...
{ "content": "Georgi DimitrovThird Anniversary of the Russian RevolutionFirst Published: 1920 in Rabotnicheski Vestnik No. 100, November 3;Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 80-83;Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo;Online Version: Marxists Internet Archive (marxists....
{ "content": "It was on the initiative of the Russian trade unions that an International Trade Union Council was set up as the basis for a Red Trade Union International, opposed to the treacherous yellow Amsterdam Trade Union Federation; day after day the International Trade Union Council is rallying greater masses o...
{ "content": "Georgi DimitrovFive YearsThe Bulgarian Communist Party and the Communist International Source: The Communist International, 1924, No. 1 (New Series), pp. 191-192Transcription/HTML Markup: Brian ReidPublic Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2008). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform thi...
{ "content": "Georgi DimitrovThe European War and the Labour Movement in the Balkans Source: The Communist International, 1924, No. 5 (New Series), pp. 93-103Transcription/HTML Markup: Brian ReidPublic Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well a...
{ "content": "However, the situation created by the Balkan wars in the Balkans, had already pre-ordained the participation of the Balkan States in the war either on the side of the Entente, or on the side of the Central European Powers, so that it depended entirely on the development of the great European war when th...
{ "content": "4. The Situation in the Balkans after the European WarIt is unnecessary to point out that the European war did not result in the national emancipation and unification of the Balkan peoples in any greater degree than the former Balkan wars had done. On the contrary national separatism and national slaver...
{ "content": "When the European war was declared and begun by the Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia, the Serbian Party, represented by two of its members in parliament, had the courage to make a protest against the war, and to refuse to vote war credits, in spite of the united forces of the bourgeoisie. In contradist...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov The Small Nations    First Published: 1917 in Rabotnicheski Vestnik No. 139, October 25. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 53-55 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo ...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov The Right Road    First Published: 1918 in Rabotnicheski Vestnik No. 273, May 1. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 56-57 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo Onlin...
{ "content": "Georgi Dimitrov 1948The October Socialist Revolution Opened for Mankind the Road to Real Democracy and SocialismWritten: By Georgi Dimitrov, 1948;Source: For a Lasting Peace, for a People's Democracy! Vol. 2, no. 21; November 1, 1948;Transcribed: David Adams, March 2022.The Great October Socialist Revol...
{ "content": "Glory to the great Party of Lenin, and Stalin, the surestteacher and example for Communists and all peoples fightingfor lasting peace, for real democracy and Socialism.Warm greetings, to the brilliant leader and teacher, J. V.Stalin! Dimitrov Archive" }
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov The Need of Trade Unions in Bulgaria and Their Organization Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 7-22 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo Online Version: Marxist...
{ "content": "It is clear to everybody that today this question is being put forward under conditions quite different from those of a few years ago. With the development of capitalist production and the passing over of some crafts to a more or less capitalist form of production, the number of factories has considerab...
{ "content": "On the other hand, by performing all trade union functions (organizing and financing strikes, assisting the unemployed, the ill and travelling workers, propaganda, and agi etc..) better than the individual trade union associ the trade unions will be able with much greater success to fight against unempl...
{ "content": "The fighting working class, however, is up against the whole bourgeoisie with its economic and political organizations, with its state and the latter's numerous organs. All this is strictly centralized and pursues one general goal: to consolidate the economic and political might of the bourgeoisie and t...
{ "content": "In Bulgaria the trade union associations were not only formed under the influence of social democracy, but were in large measure its own creations. The bourgeoisie is only now beginning to think of organizing the workers into trade unions under its own banner. On the other hand, at their very inception ...
{ "content": "A real obstacle to the formation of the unions constituted the question of their management. We all know that in the trade union there is more work and the tasks of the central management as leader, organizer, agitator and propagandist are more numerous and difficult than those of an ordinary management...
{ "content": "This year's trade union congress is faced, therefore, with the task, after examining thoroughly the question of the formation of trade unions and the character of their organi of instructing the trade union associations along the following line: 1) to proceed to the formation of trade unions beginning w...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov The Tasks of the Trade Unions First published:Communist Trade Union Library No. 3, February, 1920 Source:Dimitrov, Georgi, Selected Works Vol. 1, Sofia 1972 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo ...
{ "content": " view to the effect that trade unions should not confine themselves to a partisan war against individual capitalists and to the Sisyphean task of lopping off the branches without touching the trunk of capitalist exploitation but should become schools of socialism and strive to a...
{ "content": " cause, and place them at the service of their military policy of conquest. The old opportunism and auto-syndicalism in the trade union movement; the policy of confining their activity to reforms within the capitalist system; the professional narrow-mindedness, short-sightedness an...
{ "content": " limits of a given amount of capitalist profit, as otherwise the very existence of capitalist industry ,would be impossible. Surveying today the whole history of the struggle of the trade unions, we can see that its only essential and lasting result consists in that the worker...
{ "content": " But it is precisely, for this reason that at the present historical moment the struggle for political power by the proletariat comes to the fore and all other efforts and tasks of the workers' organizations, including the trade unions, must be co-ordinated with this struggle and ...
{ "content": " with the proletariat, the trade unions themselves, as it were, have come to power i.e. become part of the government, organs of Soviet government. The trade unions will further have to organize the control and distribution of the work force in the different branches of produc...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov'sYouth Against FacismDelivered: September 25, 1935Transcribed: ZodiacHTML Markup: Brian BagginsSpeech at the Opening of the Sixth Congress of the Young Communist InternationalCOMRADES, I am bringing you warm greetings from the Executive Committee of the Communist International.No danger...
{ "content": "movement in favor of unity which is growing and strengthening in the ranksof the working class. You do not have to wait like the Socialist YouthInternational for permission \"from above\" before you can support the unitedfront movement and the union of the toiling youth in one organization.In the name o...
{ "content": "Georgi Dimitrovversus GöbbelsLetters, writings and courtroom hearingsWritten: Between March 1933 and February 1934Source: Georgi Dimitrov Selected Works, Volume 1, pp. 313 - 399First Published: Dimitrov Works vol. 9, Sofia 1960Online Version: Marxists Internet Archive (marxists.org) 2001Transcription/...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov The Significance of the Second Balkan Conference First Published: 1915 in Rabotnicheski Vestnik No. 77, July 12. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 49-52 Transcription/HT...
{ "content": "\t A Balkan Democratic Federation was raised as a slogan at the First Balkan Socialist Conference in Belgrade in 1910, in connexion with the growing threat of imperialist aggression on the Balkans. The Balkan socialist parties advocated fraternal understanding of the Balkan peoples, which would enable ...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov Concluding Speech before the 5th Congress of the BCP Delivered: December 25, 1948 after the Conclusion of the Discussions of the Report Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 3, 1972, pp. 348-353 T...
{ "content": " and paramount task after the Congress as well in all sections of the Party from top to bottom. We must never forget that the acme of wisdom for a real Communist is to frankly admit his mistake, to boldly expose its causes and to be ready to promptly and radically correct it. ...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov Lenin to the Workers in Europe and America    First Published: Sofia, May 1919. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 59-62. Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo Online Ver...
{ "content": "This is actually the great practical meaning of the two open letters of the great leader of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and the world workers' revolution, which we most ardently recommend to the Bulgarian workers and all working people in town and countryside. Dimitrov Works Archive...
{ "content": " Georgi Dimitrov Towards Unity! First Published: 1914 in Rabotnicheski Vestnik No. 279, April 9. Source: Georgi Dimitrov, Selected Works Sofia Press, Sofia, Volume 1, 1972, pp. 36-39 Transcription/HTML Markup: Mathias Bismo ...
{ "content": "We agree that it be decided now, in the preservation of Comrade Karl Legien, that the two trade union centres should convene a general congress, at which the representationshould be determined on the basis of the data, ascertained by this conference, on the numerical strength of trade unions belonging t...
{ "content": "General Boulanger 1891Suicide of General BoulangerSource: Le Petit Journal, October 1, 1891;Translated: for marxists.org by Mitchell Abidor.Ixelles, September 30, 1:15 pmGeneral Boulanger has just killed himself at the cemetery of Ixelles, near the grave of Mme de Bonnemain, who was his companion in exi...
{ "content": "It was only at 4:00 that visitors and dispatches started to arrive at the house on rue Montoyer. The first person to arrive was Prince Victor Napoleon.The first telegram to arrive was from M. Paul D�roul�de, the second was signed M. Millevoye. Expected tonight at midnight on the Paris train are several ...
{ "content": "Boulangisme 1889Profession of Faith of General BoulangerSource: Alexandre Z�va�s, Histoire de la III�me R�publique. �ditions Georges Anquetil Paris, 1926;Translated: for marxists.org by Mitchell Abidor;CopyLeft: Creative Commons (Attribute & ShareAlike) marxists.org 2009.Voters of the Seine:The parliame...
{ "content": "General Boulanger 1888The Program of General BoulangerFirst published: as broadsheet, April 1888;Translated: from the original broadsheet by Mitchell Abidor.The hypocritical tremblers who have oppressed us for too long try their best to claim that General Boulanger has no program, that they don’t know w...
{ "content": "It was he who as the representative of the people protested against the policy of degradation.Frenchmen of all parties, it was he who valiantly expressed the opinion that unites you all in a common idea, the same devotion, in the same aspiration. He identified himself with you, and that’s why Boulanger ...
{ "content": "The Boulangist Movement 1888General Boulanger, Deputy of the Nord, Leader of the National partyBy Louis de Jonqui�resSource: Le General Boulanger, depute du Nord Chef du Parti National. Paris, [n.d. 1888] [n.p.];Translated: for marxists.org by Mitchell Abidor;CopyLeft: Creative Commons (Attribute & Shar...
{ "content": "The First Regiment of Algerian Tirailleurs took part in all events. A detachment that Lieutenant Boulanger was part of embarked for Cochin China at the beginning of the following year. It was composed of 300 men, two thirds of whom were never to see the homeland again. Barely arrived, our lieutenant rec...
{ "content": "We know what virile enthusiasm, what unshakeable confidence was felt by all hearts when hearing the patriotic allocutions of the young general during his inspections. The eloquent speech he gave at la Fl�che in 1882 drew tears from the veterans and students of the Prytan�e Militaire who said with emotio...
{ "content": "After an initial outburst of indignation which had him write a letter in which he demanded his immediate discharge, General Boulanger, a soldier above all, suppressed his feelings of revolt and obeyed the orders of the minister of War, who enjoined him to remain in his post so as not to reveal in the fa...
{ "content": "There then began what has been called the “war of the letters.” The Orelanists thought it clever to publish the letters sent by General Boulanger to the Duke d’Aumale on the occasion of his promotion to brigadier general. The jesuitry of the Orleanist agents was clear for all to see. The first letter, w...
{ "content": "General Boulanger immediately dedicated himself to his task with the ardor, activity, and energy he had given so much proof of in Tunisia. In the course of the inspections he had to carry out in various points of his command, the love and the confidence of the army were respectfully demonstrated, to the...
{ "content": "The Boulangist Movement 1889Letter of General Boulanger to his VotersSource: L’Intransigeant, January 31, 1889;Translated: for marxists.org by Mitchell Abidor.Translator’s note: In the aftermath of his crushing victory on January 27, and as his seizing of power was still anxiously hoped for by his follo...
{ "content": "The Boulangist Movement 1888Boulangism and the Youngby Jules TellierSource: Le Parti National, May 29, 1888;Translated: by Mitchell Abidor;CopyLeft: Creative Commons (Attribute & ShareAlike) marxists.org 2009.M. Maurice Barr�s is a very talented novelist and a journalist of much wit. Among the young jou...
{ "content": "I know that the general has on his side a novelist, M. Rochefort and two poets, Messrs. Clovis Hugues and Paul D�roul�de. And surely the verses of Messrs. D�roul�de and Hugues have their interest. We can find them very distressing or very amusing in accordance with our humor and depending on if we have ...
{ "content": "The Boulangist Movement 1889To the People, My Sole JudgeTranslated: from the original broadsheet by Mitchell Abidor.I address myself to all honest men and not to the judges of the high court, whose competence and impartiality I don’t recognize. If this special tribunal, whose decision all of France know...
{ "content": "What is more, in Paris I had another agent, “a three times condemned so-called journalist .” Is it of Buret that M. Quesnay de Beuarepaire is speaking, without realizing that In doing so he demonstrates what the deposition of this swindler, purchased by M. Constans, is worth?Yes, it appears certain that...
{ "content": "In this affair you have three depositions: that of the swindler Buret, who accused me; that of the principal interested party, M. Dupuy, the epaulette merchant who declared in the clearest fashion that I was never mixed up in that crooked affair; and the deposition of a former minister, of a deputy, the...
{ "content": "December 18, 1874 it was at 8,175 fr. 17. Cent.November 23, 1875 it was at 17, 942 fr. 24 cent. I will note that in 1874 and 1875 we were on the eve of serious events, and that my predecessor did his duty in taking almost the entire reserve fund, as I would have believed I was doing mine in taking almos...
{ "content": "It is because my friends published two depositions of Colonel Vincent, one before the minister of War, the other before the commission of the High court, in which this brave soldier indignantly denies the statements of M. Geissen, one of those shady agents who are used by intelligence services because t...
{ "content": "I above all wanted – and you force me to make serious revelations – to have on hand people having with the socialists of a certain country relations which I counted on using the day war would be on the eve of breaking out, but only on this day.It was for this reason that I wanted to have on the newspape...
{ "content": "On July 14 I was in my bed, sick in Clermont-Ferrand. If you had wanted to do something other than slander me, you would have interrogated my general staff chief who, for the needs of the service, that day entered my room on several occasions, as well as the principal doctor, the director of the health ...
{ "content": "Why do you not dare tell the country, revealing the secret of our military forces: “ If this minister one day, without Germany being aware of it (it only knew it, in fact, thanks to your revelations), if this patriotic minister prepared and made possible the mobilization of several hundred of thousands ...
{ "content": "The Boulangist Movement 1888The Boulanger Balance SheetFirst published: 1888;Translated: from the original broadsheet by Mitchell Abidor.To Republican VotersPublication of the Society of the Rights of man and the CitizenM. Lissagaray, General Secretary, 1888DeclarationBelonging to diverse fractions of t...
{ "content": "The undersigned deputies, members of the socialist group, declare that they find it profoundly regrettable that the noise around the name of a soldier should come and increase the divisions in the republican party.Convinced that the triumph of a man would be the retreat of the socialist idea, they prote...
{ "content": "You challenge the deputies of the Seine to present themselves before the voters so tat the latter can choose between the policy of their representatives and that of general Boulanger.I accept your challenge on the following conditions:General Boulanger himself will be the candidate against me.He will co...
{ "content": "Following this discussion, an order of the day was voted by 17 votes against 5. Here is the text.The Council of the Order:Reminding Masons that in their acts as citizens they should always be inspired by the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity, that have been and are the strength of our insti...
{ "content": "V. A. LektorskyThe Dialectic of Subject and Object and some Problems of the Methodology of ScienceThe philosophy of pre-Marxist materialism evolved a definite understanding of the cognitive process, an understanding which was accepted by the natural sciences and prevailed in the minds of scientists virt...
{ "content": "The development of knowledge is, in fact, characterised by the tendency to become aware of reality as a \"thing in itself\", that is, as a single, systemic whole, to connect all the known \"fragments\" of reality (various systems of relationships) into a unified objective system presenting its various a...
{ "content": "The prominent German physicist Max Born, opposing such interpretations, emphasised that science should reproduce objective reality existing independently of the consciousness. In Born's view, the key to the concept of reality not only in physics but in any sphere of knowledge is the concept of the inva...
{ "content": "We have already said that the practice of modern science lends increasing conviction to the thesis that evaluation of theoretical concepts presupposes the establishing of certain empirical dependencies between situations that can be reproduced by practical experiment, and also between the empirically es...
{ "content": "It is not debatable that science cannot exist without man. And when the logical positivists maintained that the task of the \"philosophy of science\" amounted to the analysis of the logical language of ready-made theoretical systems, they realised full well, of course, that theoretical systems and thei...
{ "content": "Thus not only is the object not given immediately for the subject; it has to be reproduced by the activity of the subject more and more accurately in knowledge. Nor is the subject himself given immediately in relation to himself (in contrast to the views held by Descartes and Husserl). At the same tim...
{ "content": "V A Lektorsky 1980Subject Object CognitionContentsPreface to the English EditionIntroductionPart One: Conceptions of Cognitive Relation in the Non-Marxist Epistemological TheoriesChapter 1. Interpretation of Cognition as Interaction of Two Natural Systems1. Interpretation of Knowledge as the Result of a...
{ "content": "Henri LAURENTIN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCESource: Patrice Lumumba: Fighter for Africa’s Freedom, Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1961, pp 90-93.Written: by Henri LAURENT, Belgian journalist;Transcribed: by Thomas Schmidt.His name appeared on the political horizon in the days when the rattle of tommy-gun...
{ "content": "Lev VOLODINLAST DAYS OF FREEDOMSource: Patrice Lumumba: Fighter for Africa’s Freedom, Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1961, pp 104-110.Written: by Lev VOLODIN, Soviet journalist;Transcribed: by Thomas Schmidt.The rain poured all that evening, and from our verandah we gazed at the turbid curtain of water th...
{ "content": "\"You, Jacques, have contact with young people. That's from whom we get most of our support. Young people are eager for a new life and this is a turning point for them. Either they'll get everything they want or they'll have to return to their back-breaking work in foreign-owned plantations, factories a...