Split (1)

train · 385 rows

text stringlengths 70 50.9k	meta dict
Islamic Finance Country Index Islamic Finance Country Index (IFCI) is based on a proprietary methodology developed by Edbiz Consulting - a London-based financial advisory firm specialising in Islamic banking, finance and education. IFCI's rankings are released in the annual editions of Global Islamic Finance Report and are further disseminated through a number of conferences and seminars throughout the world. Launched in 2011, IFCI has emerged as a reliable indicator of developments in the global Islamic financial services industry . According to the IFCI rankings, Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently been number one in the last three rankings. IFCI 2014 is going to be launched with the publication of GIFR 2014, which will be released at Global Donors Forum 2014, to be held at Washington DC on April 13–16, 2014. References The Express Tribune Category:Islamic economics Category:Economic indicators	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
M1 Stinger REDIRECT Don Diablo discography Category:Don Diablo songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Soshanguve Soshanguve is a township situated about 30 km north of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. The name Soshanguve is an acronym for SOtho, SHAngaan, NGUni and VEnda, thus showing the multi-ethnic composition of the population (Mashabela 1988:138). The major African languages of South Africa are heard in Soshanguve. The acronym divided the Soshanguve residents according to their tribe when they were resettled from Mamelodi and Atteridgeville in 1974. While this was to make admin easy for the apartheid government, it left a community divided and suspicious of each other. More than 20 years later, there are still remnants of the past but there is integration of cultures. The people of Soshanguve arguably are the most multilingual of South Africans. Tswaing, meaning Place of Salt in Setswana, is a 2000-hectare heritage site, some 40 km north-west of Central Pretoria, surrounded by settlements inhabited by more than a million people, such as Winterveld, Soshanguve, Mabopane and Eersterus. Places of interest Soshanguve is home to the Tshwane University of Technology The second fab lab in South Africa is located in Soshanguve Block TT where it is operated by a self-organized group of unemployed youth known as the Bright Youth Council. Tswaing Crater Giant Stadium Soshanguve Crossing Mall References Category:Townships in Gauteng Category:Populated places in the City of Tshwane	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Leonardo Álvarez Romo Leonardo Álvarez Romo (born 7 October 1972) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico. Former Mexican congressman in two occasions, he started his political career in 1994 at the campaign of the presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta, along with the actual Mexican Senator, Armando Ríos Peter. After the assassination of Colosio, he worked in the environmental NGO that he founded and called CAMBIOS (Changes) and continued his studies in Political Sciences and Public Administration. Later on, he was the personal assistance of the famous politician Manuel Camacho Solis, in the Center Democratic Party from 1997 to 2000. Then in November 2000 he affiliate to the Green Party of Mexico. From 2000 to 2003 he was the political adviser of the green legislators in the Mexican Senate, and then adviser of the President of the Green party of Mexico. Later on, he was postulated by his Party as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative from 2003 to 2006. There as a congressman, he was President of the Special Commission for the Reform of the State, member of the Commissions of National Defense, Indigenous Affairs, Environmental Affairs, and Fishing Affairs. He reformed the Environmental Law to make the Army and the Navy of Mexico participate in the protection of the environment, also he left a profound study of the necessities of a Political Reform for Mexico. Then, from 2006 to 2009, he was Deputy of the House of Representatives of Mexico City. There he was Leader of the Greens, President of the Commission of Environmental Affairs, and in several occasions Chairman and Vice-chairman of the House of Representatives of Mexico City. He reformed the Law to create the Environmental Police, to prohibit the use of plastic bags in supermarkets and stores, and to create the Forest Firefighters. From 2004 to 2012 he was the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Green Party of Mexico. He was elected in Santiago, Chile, President of the Federation of Green Parties in the Americas for the term 2009-2011. At the moment he works in the Federal Government, at the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, with the position of General Director in matters of Indigenous, Legislative and NGO´s Affairs. References Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:Politicians from Mexico City Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) Category:Ecologist Green Party of Mexico politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Platinum The Platinum is a 17-story, 255-unit condo hotel located at 211 East Flamingo Road in Paradise, Nevada, east of the Las Vegas Strip. The project was approved in 2003, and began construction in 2005, as a joint venture between Diversified Real Estate Concepts, Inc. and Marcus Hotels and Resorts. The project was topped out in December 2005, and was opened in October 2006. In 2009, buyers filed lawsuits against Marcus for various allegations; the last of the lawsuits were settled in March 2013. History Early history The property began in 1974, as the Highlander 6 Inn motel. The motel became a Comfort Inn between 1990 and 1993. By 2001, the motel was operating as an Econo Lodge. Michael Peterson, the president and chief executive officer of Diversified Real Estate Concepts, Inc., purchased the land in 2003. Peterson had developed several restaurants and condominiums in Chicago and Wisconsin, and was also planning the nearby Aqua Blue condominium/hotel/casino in Las Vegas until its cancellation. Design and approval In October 2003, the Clark County Commission approved plans for a 24-story, 210-foot condo hotel with 255 rooms to be built on the property, located at the southeast intersection of East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane. The project had previously been approved by the Clark County Planning Commission. A resident in the nearby Park Towers appealed the Planning Commission's approval because of concerns about parking and increased traffic that would be caused by the new project, as well as its obstruction of views of the nearby Las Vegas Strip; the resident's attorney noted that Park Towers contained less than 90 units on while the new project would include more than 250 units on 1.7 acres. By the time of the commission's approval, the project was already supported by Park Towers' developer, Irwin Molasky, and its homeowner association, after the project was altered to accommodate Park Towers' residents; Diversifed Real Estate reduced the new project's unit count from 334 to 255, and reduced its height from 293 feet to 210 feet, at which point the homeowner association withdrew its objection. The new project was also situated further back on the property to limit potential traffic issues. Sherman Architecture was the project's design consultant, while the project's primary architect was Morris & Brown Architects of Solana Beach, California. At the time of approval, Robert Sherman, the architect for Diversified Real Estate's Las Vegas projects, said that construction could begin in 12 to 18 months, with a possible opening in three years. Sherman also said that construction would cost between $60 million and $80 million. Demolition of the two-story, 130-room Econo Lodge was approved in November 2003. Construction and opening Platinum Condominium Development, LLC was formed as a joint venture between Marcus Hotels and Resorts and Diversified Real Estate Concepts, Inc. On January 27, 2004, it was announced that the project would be known as The Platinum Suite Hotel & Spa. Diversified Real Estate would be responsible for marketing The Platinum, and would oversee construction with Marcus Hotels, which would operate the hotel upon its opening. The Platinum's 255 units were to range between and , with prices between $300,000 and $1 million. Construction was expected to begin in late August or early September 2004, with a scheduled opening in early 2006. The Platinum sold out all its units in 39 days. In January 2005, McCarthy Building Companies expected to begin construction later in the month, with completion expected for spring 2006. In April 2005, Residential Constructors – a subsidiary of McCarthy Building Companies – completed the Platinum's foundation after a 17-hour concrete pour, making up 5,300 cubic yards of cement. Approximately 50 construction workers monitored the process, which required 60 concrete trucks to maintain a pour of 440 cubic yards per hour. Most of the property was taken up by the foundation. The Platinum was scheduled for completion in May 2006. Residential Constructors topped out the 17-story tower on December 15, 2005. Construction, expected to cost $112 million, was on track for completion in May 2006. The Platinum opened on October 25, 2006, with construction costing a total of $120 million. The project includes of total living space. Amenities included a fitness center, a spa, a lounge, a restaurant, 24-hour room service, concierge, valet parking, an indoor-outdoor pool, and a rooftop terrace. The Platinum was among the first condo hotels to open near the Las Vegas Strip. In January 2007, Peterson sold his share of the Platinum to Marcus Corporation. In October 2008, Luxury Suites International was in negotiations to manage units at the Platinum. Lawsuits In July 2009, 24 buyers of the Platinum's condominiums filed lawsuits against Platinum Condominium Development LLC and Marcus Corporation, alleging that they breached contracts by failing to market the buyers' units for rental purposes. The lawsuit also alleged that Platinum and Marcus had not properly shared rental revenue with the buyers, that they fraudulently withheld information regarding the project's development, and that they violated the Nevada Deceptive Trade Practices Act. The lawsuit stated: "False projections of rental rates, occupancy rates, and the 'quality' of Platinum Condominiums as an excellent investment opportunity were made by the sales agents, at the direction and approval of Platinum and Marcus." Both companies denied the allegations. Attorneys for Marcus stated that one of the plaintiffs was "apparently plagued by buyer's remorse now that the Las Vegas real estate and tourism markets have collapsed on an unprecedented scale." The buyers sought access to financial records for the project, as well as the rescission of their sales contracts. The last of the lawsuits were settled in March 2013, with Marcus paying out a total of $3 million. References External links Official website Official website (2004 version archived via the Wayback Machine) Construction gallery at Vegas Today and Tomorrow Category:Buildings and structures in Paradise, Nevada Category:Residential buildings in the Las Vegas metropolitan area Category:Residential buildings completed in 2006 Category:Hotels established in 2006 Category:2006 establishments in Nevada	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Aleksei Rebko Aleksei Vasilyevich Rebko (; born 23 April 1986) is a former Russian association footballer who played midfielder. Career He broke the record of youngest players record for Spartak in 2002, previously held by Aleksandr Pavlenko. He made two appearances in UEFA Champions League 2006-07, but in total just played 13 minutes. On 25 February 2010 FC Dynamo Moscow signed the former FC Moscow midfielder on a free transfer until 2013. International career Rebko made his debut for the Russia national football team on 5 September 2009 in a game against Liechtenstein. Career statistics Club International Statistics accurate as of match played 14 October 2009 References External links Category:1986 births Category:Sportspeople from Moscow Category:Living people Category:Russian footballers Category:Russia under-21 international footballers Category:Russia international footballers Category:FC Spartak Moscow players Category:FC Rubin Kazan players Category:FC Moscow players Category:Association football midfielders Category:Russian Premier League players Category:FC Dynamo Moscow players Category:FC Rostov players Category:FC Tom Tomsk players Category:FC Amkar Perm players Category:FC Luch Vladivostok players Category:FC Rotor Volgograd players Category:FC Ararat Moscow players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay that is found only in very heavy chemical elements. The nuclear binding energy of the elements reaches its maximum at an atomic mass number of about 56; spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and a few isolated nuclear particles becomes possible at greater atomic mass numbers. History The first nuclear fission process discovered was fission induced by neutrons. Because cosmic rays produce some neutrons, it was difficult to distinguish between induced and spontaneous events. Cosmic rays can be reliably shielded by a thick layer of rock or water. Spontaneous fission was identified in 1940 by Soviet physicists Georgy Flyorov and Konstantin Petrzhak by their observations of uranium in the Moscow Metro Dinamo station, underground. Cluster decay was shown to be a superasymmetric spontaneous fission process. Feasibility Elemental Spontaneous fission is feasible over practical observation times only for atomic masses of 232 amu or more. These are elements at least as heavy as thorium-232 – which has a half-life somewhat longer than the age of the universe. 232Th, 235U, and 238U are primordial nuclides and have left evidence of undergoing spontaneous fission in their minerals. The known elements most susceptible to spontaneous fission are the synthetic high-atomic-number actinides and transactinides with atomic numbers from 100 onwards. For naturally occurring thorium-232, uranium-235, and uranium-238, spontaneous fission does occur rarely, but in the vast majority of the radioactive decay of these atoms, alpha decay or beta decay occurs instead. Hence, the spontaneous fission of these isotopes is usually negligible, except in using the exact branching ratios when finding the radioactivity of a sample of these elements. Mathematical The liquid drop model predicts approximately that spontaneous fission can occur in a time short enough to be observed by present methods when where Z is the atomic number and A is the mass number (e.g., for uranium-235). However, all known nuclides which undergo spontaneous fission as their main decay mode do not reach this value of 47, as the liquid drop model is not very accurate for the heaviest known nuclei due to strong shell effects. Spontaneous fission rates In practice, will invariably contain a certain amount of due to the tendency of to absorb an additional neutron during production. 's high rate of spontaneous fission events makes it an undesirable contaminant. Weapons-grade plutonium contains no more than 7.0% . The rarely used gun-type atomic bomb has a critical insertion time of about one millisecond, and the probability of a fission during this time interval should be small. Therefore, only is suitable. Almost all nuclear bombs use some kind of implosion method. Spontaneous fission can occur much more rapidly when the nucleus of an atom undergoes superdeformation. Poisson process Spontaneous fission gives much the same result as induced nuclear fission. However, like other forms of radioactive decay, it occurs due to quantum tunneling, without the atom having been struck by a neutron or other particle as in induced nuclear fission. Spontaneous fissions release neutrons as all fissions do, so if a critical mass is present, a spontaneous fission can initiate a self-sustaining chain reaction. Radioisotopes for which spontaneous fission is not negligible can be used as neutron sources. For example, californium-252 (half-life 2.645 years, SF branch ratio about 3.1 percent) can be used for this purpose. The neutrons released can be used to inspect airline luggage for hidden explosives, to gauge the moisture content of soil in highway and building construction, or to measure the moisture of materials stored in silos, for example. As long as the spontaneous fission gives a negligible reduction of the number of nuclei that can undergo such fission, this process can be approximated closely as a Poisson process. In this situation, for short time intervals the probability of a spontaneous fission is directly proportional to the length of time. The spontaneous fission of uranium-238 and uranium-235 does leave trails of damage in the crystal structure of uranium-containing minerals when the fission fragments recoil through them. These trails, or fission tracks, are the foundation of the radiometric dating method called fission track dating. See also Natural nuclear fission reactor Notes External links The LIVEChart of Nuclides - IAEA with filter on spontaneous fission decay Category:Nuclear physics Category:Radioactivity	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Microcotyle pentapodi Microcotyle pentapodi is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. Systematics Microcotyle pentapodi was first described and iluustrated from the gills of Pentapodus milii off Rockingham, Australia. Caballero y Caballero and Bravo-Hollis erected the genus Paramicrocotyle to describe Paramicrocotyle tampicensis and Paramicrocotyle atriobursata off Mexico, and placed within this genus 16 species previously assigned to the genus Microcotyle including M. pentapodi. This species was returned to the genus Microcotyle and Paramicrocotyle is considered a junior subjective synonym of Microcotyle. Description Microcotyle pentapodi has the general morphology of all species of Microcotyle, with a small elongated slender body, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, and bears clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two septate buccal suckers at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a pharynx, an oesophagus and a posterior intestine with two lateral branches provided with numerous secondary branches. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior genital atrium bifurcating immediately behind the genital atrium, armed with numerous spines, a medio-dorsal vagina, a single ovary and a number of circular testes which are posterior to the ovary. The eggs are oval. Etymology The species name pentapodi is derived from the generic name of the type-host,Pentapodus milii. Hosts and localities The type-host of Microcotyle pentapodi is Pentapodus milii. The type locality is off Australia. References Category:Microcotylidae Category:Parasites of fish Category:Animals described in 1944 Category:Fauna of Australia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tadeusz Popiel Tadeusz Popiel (1863, Szczucin - 22 February 1913, Kraków) was a Polish painter, known for his religious and historical scenes; especially his work on several famous panoramas. His brother was the sculptor, Antoni Popiel. Biography He was born to a family of the minor nobility and began his studies at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts with Władysław Łuszczkiewicz and Leopold Loeffler. He later studied composition with Jan Matejko, who became his patron; then continued in Vienna and Munich. After his studies were completed, he travelled extensively all through the 1890s, visiting Denmark, Italy, Romania and Russia, among other places. He also exhibited widely, winning medals at the Exposition Universelle (1889) and the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894. His major works of this period included decorations at the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua (the result of winning a competition) and at theaters in Lwów. He also designed murals, frescoes and stained glass windows for churches and other public buildings throughout Poland. Later, he established a drawing school and was one of the founders of the Society of Artists in Poznań. At various times, he lived in Kraków, Lwów and Chernivtsi. During his later years, he spent most of his time in Swoszowice, where he had his studio, and increasingly turned to landscapes. By the time of his death, his work was considered to be old-fashioned and he is chiefly remembered for the work he did on several panoramas produced by Jan Styka; such as the Racławice Panorama and the Transylvania Panorama. References External links Arcadja Auctions: More work by Popiel. Category:1863 births Category:1913 deaths Category:Polish painters Category:Polish landscape painters Category:History painters Category:Religious artists Category:People from Szczucin Category:Fresco painters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mobile security Mobile security, or more specifically mobile device security, has become increasingly important in mobile computing. Of particular concern is the security of personal and business information now stored on smartphones. More and more users and businesses use smartphones to communicate, but also to plan and organize their users' work and also private life. Within companies, these technologies are causing profound changes in the organization of information systems and therefore they have become the source of new risks. Indeed, smartphones collect and compile an increasing amount of sensitive information to which access must be controlled to protect the privacy of the user and the intellectual property of the company. All smartphones, as computers, are preferred targets of attacks. These attacks exploit weaknesses inherent in smartphones that can come from the communication mode—like Short Message Service (SMS, aka text messaging), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), WiFi, Bluetooth and GSM, the de facto global standard for mobile communications. There are also exploits that target software vulnerabilities in the browser or operating system. And some malicious software relies on the weak knowledge of an average user. Security countermeasures are being developed and applied to smartphones, from security in different layers of software to the dissemination of information to end users. There are good practices to be observed at all levels, from design to use, through the development of operating systems, software layers, and downloadable apps. Challenges of smartphone mobile security Threats A smartphone user is exposed to various threats when they use their phone. In just the last two-quarters of 2012, the number of unique mobile threats grew by 261%, according to ABI Research. These threats can disrupt the operation of the smartphone, and transmit or modify user data. So applications must guarantee privacy and integrity of the information they handle. In addition, since some apps could themselves be malware, their functionality and activities should be limited (for example, restricting the apps from accessing location information via GPS, blocking access to the user's address book, preventing the transmission of data on the network, sending SMS messages that are billed to the user, etc.). There are three prime targets for attackers: Data: smartphones are devices for data management, and may contain sensitive data like credit card numbers, authentication information, private information, activity logs (calendar, call logs); Identity: smartphones are highly customizable, so the device or its contents can easily be associated with a specific person. For example, every mobile device can transmit information related to the owner of the mobile phone contract, and an attacker may want to steal the identity of the owner of a smartphone to commit other offenses; Availability: attacking a smartphone can limit access to it and deprive the owner of its use. There are a number of threats to mobile devices, including annoyance, stealing money, invading privacy, propagation, and malicious tools. Botnets: attackers infect multiple machines with malware that victims generally acquire via e-mail attachments or from compromised applications or websites. The malware then gives hackers remote control of "zombie" devices, which can then be instructed to perform harmful acts. Malicious applications: hackers upload malicious programs or games to third-party smartphone application marketplaces. The programs steal personal information and open backdoor communication channels to install additional applications and cause other problems. Malicious links on social networks: an effective way to spread malware where hackers can place Trojans, spyware, and backdoors. Spyware: hackers use this to hijack phones, allowing them to hear calls, see text messages and e-mails as well as track someone's location through GPS updates. The source of these attacks are the same actors found in the non-mobile computing space: Professionals, whether commercial or military, who focus on the three targets mentioned above. They steal sensitive data from the general public, as well as undertake industrial espionage. They will also use the identity of those attacked to achieve other attacks; Thieves who want to gain income through data or identities they have stolen. The thieves will attack many people to increase their potential income; Black hat hackers who specifically attack availability. Their goal is to develop viruses, and cause damage to the device. In some cases, hackers have an interest in stealing data on devices. Grey hat hackers who reveal vulnerabilities. Their goal is to expose vulnerabilities of the device. Grey hat hackers do not intend on damaging the device or stealing data. Consequences When a smartphone is infected by an attacker, the attacker can attempt several things: The attacker can manipulate the smartphone as a zombie machine, that is to say, a machine with which the attacker can communicate and send commands which will be used to send unsolicited messages (spam) via sms or email; The attacker can easily force the smartphone to make phone calls. For example, one can use the API (library that contains the basic functions not present in the smartphone) PhoneMakeCall by Microsoft, which collects telephone numbers from any source such as yellow pages, and then call them. But the attacker can also use this method to call paid services, resulting in a charge to the owner of the smartphone. It is also very dangerous because the smartphone could call emergency services and thus disrupt those services; A compromised smartphone can record conversations between the user and others and send them to a third party. This can cause user privacy and industrial security problems; An attacker can also steal a user's identity, usurp their identity (with a copy of the user's sim card or even the telephone itself), and thus impersonate the owner. This raises security concerns in countries where smartphones can be used to place orders, view bank accounts or are used as an identity card; The attacker can reduce the utility of the smartphone, by discharging the battery. For example, they can launch an application that will run continuously on the smartphone processor, requiring a lot of energy and draining the battery. One factor that distinguishes mobile computing from traditional desktop PCs is their limited performance. Frank Stajano and Ross Anderson first described this form of attack, calling it an attack of "battery exhaustion" or "sleep deprivation torture"; The attacker can prevent the operation and/or be starting of the smartphone by making it unusable. This attack can either delete the boot scripts, resulting in a phone without a functioning OS, or modify certain files to make it unusable (e.g. a script that launches at startup that forces the smartphone to restart) or even embed a startup application that would empty the battery; The attacker can remove the personal (photos, music, videos, etc.) or professional data (contacts, calendars, notes) of the user. Attacks based on communication Attack based on SMS and MMS Some attacks derive from flaws in the management of SMS and MMS. Some mobile phone models have problems in managing binary SMS messages. It is possible, by sending an ill-formed block, to cause the phone to restart, leading to the denial of service attacks. If a user with a Siemens S55 received a text message containing a Chinese character, it would lead to a denial of service. In another case, while the standard requires that the maximum size of a Nokia Mail address is 32 characters, some Nokia phones did not verify this standard, so if a user enters an email address over 32 characters, that leads to complete dysfunction of the e-mail handler and puts it out of commission. This attack is called "curse of silence". A study on the safety of the SMS infrastructure revealed that SMS messages sent from the Internet can be used to perform a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack against the mobile telecommunications infrastructure of a big city. The attack exploits the delays in the delivery of messages to overload the network. Another potential attack could begin with a phone that sends an MMS to other phones, with an attachment. This attachment is infected with a virus. Upon receipt of the MMS, the user can choose to open the attachment. If it is opened, the phone is infected, and the virus sends an MMS with an infected attachment to all the contacts in the address book. There is a real-world example of this attack: the virus Commwarrior uses the address book and sends MMS messages including an infected file to recipients. A user installs the software, as received via MMS message. Then, the virus began to send messages to recipients taken from the address book. Attacks based on communication networks Attacks based on the GSM networks The attacker may try to break the encryption of the mobile network. The GSM network encryption algorithms belong to the family of algorithms called A5. Due to the policy of security through obscurity it has not been possible to openly test the robustness of these algorithms. There were originally two variants of the algorithm: A5/1 and A5/2 (stream ciphers), where the former was designed to be relatively strong, and the latter was designed to be weak on purpose to allow easy cryptanalysis and eavesdropping. ETSI forced some countries (typically outside Europe) to use A5/2. Since the encryption algorithm was made public, it was proved it was possible to break the encryption: A5/2 could be broken on the fly, and A5/1 in about 6 hours . In July 2007, the 3GPP approved a change request to prohibit the implementation of A5/2 in any new mobile phones, which means that it has been decommissioned and is no longer implemented in mobile phones. Stronger public algorithms have been added to the GSM standard, the A5/3 and A5/4 (Block ciphers), otherwise known as KASUMI or UEA1 published by the ETSI. If the network does not support A5/1, or any other A5 algorithm implemented by the phone, then the base station can specify A5/0 which is the null-algorithm, whereby the radio traffic is sent unencrypted. Even in case mobile phones are able to use 3G or 4G which have much stronger encryption than 2G GSM, the base station can downgrade the radio communication to 2G GSM and specify A5/0 (no encryption) . This is the basis for eavesdropping attacks on mobile radio networks using a fake base station commonly called an IMSI catcher. In addition, tracing of mobile terminals is difficult since each time the mobile terminal is accessing or being accessed by the network, a new temporary identity (TMSI) is allocated to the mobile terminal. The TMSI is used as the identity of the mobile terminal the next time it accesses the network. The TMSI is sent to the mobile terminal in encrypted messages. Once the encryption algorithm of GSM is broken, the attacker can intercept all unencrypted communications made by the victim's smartphone. Attacks based on Wi-Fi An attacker can try to eavesdrop on Wi-Fi communications to derive information (e.g. username, password). This type of attack is not unique to smartphones, but they are very vulnerable to these attacks because very often the Wi-Fi is the only means of communication they have to access the internet. The security of wireless networks (WLAN) is thus an important subject. Initially, wireless networks were secured by WEP keys. The weakness of WEP is a short encryption key which is the same for all connected clients. In addition, several reductions in the search space of the keys have been found by researchers. Now, most wireless networks are protected by the WPA security protocol. WPA is based on the "Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)" which was designed to allow migration from WEP to WPA on the equipment already deployed. The major improvements in security are the dynamic encryption keys. For small networks, the WPA is a "pre-shared key" which is based on a shared key. Encryption can be vulnerable if the length of the shared key is short. With limited opportunities for input (i.e. only the numeric keypad), mobile phone users might define short encryption keys that contain only numbers. This increases the likelihood that an attacker succeeds with a brute-force attack. The successor to WPA, called WPA2, is supposed to be safe enough to withstand a brute force attack. As with GSM, if the attacker succeeds in breaking the identification key, it will be possible to attack not only the phone but also the entire network it is connected to. Many smartphones for wireless LANs remember they are already connected, and this mechanism prevents the user from having to re-identify with each connection. However, an attacker could create a WIFI access point twin with the same parameters and characteristics as the real network. Using the fact that some smartphones remember the networks, they could confuse the two networks and connect to the network of the attacker who can intercept data if it does not transmit its data in encrypted form. Lasco is a worm that initially infects a remote device using the SIS file format. SIS file format (Software Installation Script) is a script file that can be executed by the system without user interaction. The smartphone thus believes the file to come from a trusted source and downloads it, infecting the machine. Principle of Bluetooth-based attacks Security issues related to Bluetooth on mobile devices have been studied and have shown numerous problems on different phones. One easy to exploit vulnerability: unregistered services do not require authentication, and vulnerable applications have a virtual serial port used to control the phone. An attacker only needed to connect to the port to take full control of the device. Another example: a phone must be within reach and Bluetooth in discovery mode. The attacker sends a file via Bluetooth. If the recipient accepts, a virus is transmitted. For example: Cabir is a worm that spreads via Bluetooth connection. The worm searches for nearby phones with Bluetooth in discoverable mode and sends itself to the target device. The user must accept the incoming file and install the program. After installing, the worm infects the machine. Attacks based on vulnerabilities in software applications Other attacks are based on flaws in the OS or applications on the phone. Web browser The mobile web browser is an emerging attack vector for mobile devices. Just as common Web browsers, mobile web browsers are extended from pure web navigation with widgets and plug-ins, or are completely native mobile browsers. Jailbreaking the iPhone with firmware 1.1.1 was based entirely on vulnerabilities on the web browser. As a result, the exploitation of the vulnerability described here underlines the importance of the Web browser as an attack vector for mobile devices. In this case, there was a vulnerability based on a stack-based buffer overflow in a library used by the web browser (Libtiff). A vulnerability in the web browser for Android was discovered in October 2008. As the iPhone vulnerability above, it was due to an obsolete and vulnerable library. A significant difference with the iPhone vulnerability was Android's sandboxing architecture which limited the effects of this vulnerability to the Web browser process. Smartphones are also victims of classic piracy related to the web: phishing, malicious websites, software that run in the background, etc. The big difference is that smartphones do not yet have strong antivirus software available. Operating system Sometimes it is possible to overcome the security safeguards by modifying the operating system itself. As real-world examples, this section covers the manipulation of firmware and malicious signature certificates. These attacks are difficult. In 2004, vulnerabilities in virtual machines running on certain devices were revealed. It was possible to bypass the bytecode verifier and access the native underlying operating system. The results of this research were not published in detail. The firmware security of Nokia's Symbian Platform Security Architecture (PSA) is based on a central configuration file called SWIPolicy. In 2008 it was possible to manipulate the Nokia firmware before it is installed, and in fact in some downloadable versions of it, this file was human readable, so it was possible to modify and change the image of the firmware. This vulnerability has been solved by an update from Nokia. In theory smartphones have an advantage over hard drives since the OS files are in ROM, and cannot be changed by malware. However, in some systems it was possible to circumvent this: in the Symbian OS it was possible to overwrite a file with a file of the same name. On the Windows OS, it was possible to change a pointer from a general configuration file to an editable file. When an application is installed, the signing of this application is verified by a series of certificates. One can create a valid signature without using a valid certificate and add it to the list. In the Symbian OS all certificates are in the directory: . With firmware changes explained above it is very easy to insert a seemingly valid but malicious certificate. Attacks based on hardware vulnerabilities Electromagnetic Waveforms In 2015, researchers at the French government agency Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information (ANSSI) demonstrated the capability to trigger the voice interface of certain smartphones remotely by using "specific electromagnetic waveforms". The exploit took advantage of antenna-properties of headphone wires while plugged into the audio-output jacks of the vulnerable smartphones and effectively spoofed audio input to inject commands via the audio interface. Juice Jacking Juice Jacking is a physical or hardware vulnerability specific to mobile platforms. Utilizing the dual purpose of the USB charge port, many devices have been susceptible to having data exfiltrated from, or malware installed onto a mobile device by utilizing malicious charging kiosks set up in public places or hidden in normal charge adapters. Jail-breaking and rooting Jail-breaking is also a physical access vulnerability, in which mobile device users initiate to hack into the devices to unlock it, and exploit weaknesses in the operating system. Mobile device users take control of their own device by jail-breaking it, and customize the interface by installing applications, change system settings that are not allowed on the devices. Thus, allowing to tweak the mobile devices operating systems processes, run programs in the background, thus devices are being expose to variety of malicious attack that can lead to compromise important private data . Password cracking In 2010, researcher from the University of Pennsylvania investigated the possibility of cracking a device's password through a smudge attack (literally imaging the finger smudges on the screen to discern the user's password). The researchers were able to discern the device password up to 68% of the time under certain conditions. Outsiders may perform over-the-shoulder on victims, such as watching specific keystrokes or pattern gestures, to unlock device password or passcode. Malicious software (malware) As smartphones are a permanent point of access to the internet (mostly on), they can be compromised as easily as computers with malware. A malware is a computer program that aims to harm the system in which it resides. mobile malware variants have increased by 54% in the year 2017. Trojans, worms and viruses are all considered malware. A Trojan is a program that is on the smartphone and allows external users to connect discreetly. A worm is a program that reproduces on multiple computers across a network. A virus is malicious software designed to spread to other computers by inserting itself into legitimate programs and running programs in parallel. However, it must be said that the malware are far less numerous and important to smartphones as they are to computers. Nonetheless, recent studies show that the evolution of malware in smartphones have rocketed in the last few years posing a threat to analysis and detection. The three phases of malware attacks Typically an attack on a smartphone made by malware takes place in 3 phases: the infection of a host, the accomplishment of its goal, and the spread of the malware to other systems. Malware often uses the resources offered by the infected smartphones. It will use the output devices such as Bluetooth or infrared, but it may also use the address book or email address of the person to infect the user's acquaintances. The malware exploits the trust that is given to data sent by an acquaintance. Infection Infection is the means used by the malware to get into the smartphone, it can either use one of the faults previously presented or may use the gullibility of the user. Infections are classified into four classes according to their degree of user interaction: Explicit permissionThe most benign interaction is to ask the user if it is allowed to infect the machine, clearly indicating its potential malicious behavior. This is typical behavior of a proof of concept malware. Implied permissionThis infection is based on the fact that the user has a habit of installing software. Most trojans try to seduce the user into installing attractive applications (games, useful applications etc.) that actually contain malware. Common interactionThis infection is related to a common behavior, such as opening an MMS or email. No interactionThe last class of infection is the most dangerous. Indeed, a worm that could infect a smartphone and could infect other smartphones without any interaction would be catastrophic. Accomplishment of its goal Once the malware has infected a phone it will also seek to accomplish its goal, which is usually one of the following: monetary damage, damage data and/or device, and concealed damage: Monetary damagesThe attacker can steal user data and either sell them to the same user or sell to a third party. DamageMalware can partially damage the device, or delete or modify data on the device. Concealed damageThe two aforementioned types of damage are detectable, but the malware can also leave a backdoor for future attacks or even conduct wiretaps. Spread to other systems Once the malware has infected a smartphone, it always aims to spread one way or another: It can spread through proximate devices using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and infrared; It can also spread using remote networks such as telephone calls or SMS or emails. Examples of malware Here are various malware that exist in the world of smartphones with a short description of each. Viruses and trojans Cabir (also known as Caribe, SybmOS/Cabir, Symbian/Cabir and EPOC.cabir) is the name of a computer worm developed in 2004, designed to infect mobile phones running Symbian OS. It is believed to have been the first computer worm that can infect mobile phones Commwarrior, found March 7, 2005, was the first worm that can infect many machines from MMS. It is sent as COMMWARRIOR.ZIP containing the file COMMWARRIOR.SIS. When this file is executed, Commwarrior attempts to connect to nearby devices by Bluetooth or infrared under a random name. It then attempts to send MMS message to the contacts in the smartphone with different header messages for each person, who receive the MMS and often open them without further verification. Phage is the first Palm OS virus discovered. It transfers to the Palm from a PC via synchronization. It infects all applications in the smartphone and embeds its own code to function without the user and the system detecting it. All that the system will detect is that its usual applications are functioning. RedBrowser is a Trojan based on java. The Trojan masquerades as a program called "RedBrowser" which allows the user to visit WAP sites without a WAP connection. During application installation, the user sees a request on their phone that the application needs permission to send messages. If the user accepts, RedBrowser can send SMS to paid call centers. This program uses the smartphone's connection to social networks (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to get the contact information for the user's acquaintances (provided the required permissions have been given) and will send them messages. WinCE.PmCryptic.A is malicious software on Windows Mobile which aims to earn money for its authors. It uses the infestation of memory cards that are inserted in the smartphone to spread more effectively. CardTrap is a virus that is available on different types of smartphone, which aims to deactivate the system and third party applications. It works by replacing the files used to start the smartphone and applications to prevent them from executing. There are different variants of this virus such as Cardtrap.A for SymbOS devices. It also infects the memory card with malware capable of infecting Windows. Ghost Push is malicious software on Android OS which automatically roots the android device and installs malicious applications directly to system partition then unroots the device to prevent users from removing the threat by master reset (The threat can be removed only by reflashing). It cripples the system resources, executes quickly, and is hard to detect. Ransomware Mobile ransomware is a type of malware that locks users out of their mobile devices in a pay-to-unlock-your-device ploy, it has grown by leaps and bounds as a threat category since 2014. Specific to mobile computing platforms, users are often less security-conscious, particularly as it pertains to scrutinizing applications and web links trusting the native protection capability of the mobile device operating system. Mobile ransomware poses a significant threat to businesses reliant on instant access and availability of their proprietary information and contacts. The likelihood of a traveling businessman paying a ransom to unlock their device is significantly higher since they are at a disadvantage given inconveniences such as timeliness and less likely direct access to IT staff. Recent ransomware attack has caused a stir in the world as the attack caused many of the internet connected devices to not work and companies spent a large amount to recover from these attacks. Spyware Flexispy is an application that can be considered as a trojan, based on Symbian. The program sends all information received and sent from the smartphone to a Flexispy server. It was originally created to protect children and spy on adulterous spouses. Number of malware Below is a diagram which loads the different behaviors of smartphone malware in terms of their effects on smartphones: We can see from the graph that at least 50 malware varieties exhibit no negative behavior, except their ability to spread. Portability of malware across platforms There is a multitude of malware. This is partly due to the variety of operating systems on smartphones. However attackers can also choose to make their malware target multiple platforms, and malware can be found which attacks an OS but is able to spread to different systems. To begin with, malware can use runtime environments like Java virtual machine or the .NET Framework. They can also use other libraries present in many operating systems. Other malware carry several executable files in order to run in multiple environments and they utilize these during the propagation process. In practice, this type of malware requires a connection between the two operating systems to use as an attack vector. Memory cards can be used for this purpose, or synchronization software can be used to propagate the virus. Countermeasures The security mechanisms in place to counter the threats described above are presented in this section. They are divided into different categories, as all do not act at the same level, and they range from the management of security by the operating system to the behavioral education of the user. The threats prevented by the various measures are not the same depending on the case. Considering the two cases mentioned above, in the first case one would protect the system from corruption by an application, and in the second case the installation of a suspicious software would be prevented. Security in operating systems The first layer of security in a smartphone is the operating system (OS). Beyond needing to handle the usual roles of an operating system (e.g. resource management, scheduling processes) on the device, it must also establish the protocols for introducing external applications and data without introducing risk. A central paradigm in mobile operating systems is the idea of a sandbox. Since smartphones are currently designed to accommodate many applications, they must have mechanisms to ensure these applications are safe for the phone itself, for other applications and data on the system, and for the user. If a malicious program reaches a mobile device, the vulnerable area presented by the system must be as small as possible. Sandboxing extends this idea to compartmentalize different processes, preventing them from interacting and damaging each other. Based on the history of operating systems, sandboxing has different implementations. For example, where iOS will focus on limiting access to its public API for applications from the App Store by default, Managed Open In allows you to restrict which apps can access which types of data. Android bases its sandboxing on its legacy of Linux and TrustedBSD. The following points highlight mechanisms implemented in operating systems, especially Android. Rootkit Detectors The intrusion of a rootkit in the system is a great danger in the same way as on a computer. It is important to prevent such intrusions, and to be able to detect them as often as possible. Indeed, there is concern that with this type of malicious program, the result could be a partial or complete bypass of the device security, and the acquisition of administrator rights by the attacker. If this happens, then nothing prevents the attacker from studying or disabling the safety features that were circumvented, deploying the applications they want, or disseminating a method of intrusion by a rootkit to a wider audience. We can cite, as a defense mechanism, the Chain of trust in iOS. This mechanism relies on the signature of the different applications required to start the operating system, and a certificate signed by Apple. In the event that the signature checks are inconclusive, the device detects this and stops the boot-up. If the Operating System is compromised due to Jailbreaking, root kit detection may not work if it is disabled by the Jailbreak method or software is loaded after Jailbreak disables Rootkit Detection. Process isolation Android uses mechanisms of user process isolation inherited from Linux. Each application has a user associated with it, and a tuple (UID, GID). This approach serves as a sandbox: while applications can be malicious, they can not get out of the sandbox reserved for them by their identifiers, and thus cannot interfere with the proper functioning of the system. For example, since it is impossible for a process to end the process of another user, an application can thus not stop the execution of another. File permissions From the legacy of Linux, there are also filesystem permissions mechanisms. They help with sandboxing: a process can not edit any files it wants. It is therefore not possible to freely corrupt files necessary for the operation of another application or system. Furthermore, in Android there is the method of locking memory permissions. It is not possible to change the permissions of files installed on the SD card from the phone, and consequently it is impossible to install applications. Memory Protection In the same way as on a computer, memory protection prevents privilege escalation. Indeed, if a process managed to reach the area allocated to other processes, it could write in the memory of a process with rights superior to their own, with root in the worst case, and perform actions which are beyond its permissions on the system. It would suffice to insert function calls are authorized by the privileges of the malicious application. Development through runtime environments Software is often developed in high-level languages, which can control what is being done by a running program. For example, Java Virtual Machines continuously monitor the actions of the execution threads they manage, monitor and assign resources, and prevent malicious actions. Buffer overflows can be prevented by these controls. Security software Above the operating system security, there is a layer of security software. This layer is composed of individual components to strengthen various vulnerabilities: prevent malware, intrusions, the identification of a user as a human, and user authentication. It contains software components that have learned from their experience with computer security; however, on smartphones, this software must deal with greater constraints (see limitations). Antivirus and firewall An antivirus software can be deployed on a device to verify that it is not infected by a known threat, usually by signature detection software that detects malicious executable files. A firewall, meanwhile, can watch over the existing traffic on the network and ensure that a malicious application does not seek to communicate through it. It may equally verify that an installed application does not seek to establish suspicious communication, which may prevent an intrusion attempt. A mobile antivirus product would scan files and compare them against a database of known mobile malware code signatures. Visual Notifications In order to make the user aware of any abnormal actions, such as a call they did not initiate, one can link some functions to a visual notification that is impossible to circumvent. For example, when a call is triggered, the called number should always be displayed. Thus, if a call is triggered by a malicious application, the user can see, and take appropriate action. Turing test In the same vein as above, it is important to confirm certain actions by a user decision. The Turing test is used to distinguish between a human and a virtual user, and it often comes as a captcha. Biometric identification Another method to use is biometrics. Biometrics is a technique of identifying a person by means of their morphology(by recognition of the eye or face, for example) or their behavior (their signature or way of writing for example). One advantage of using biometric security is that users can avoid having to remember a password or other secret combination to authenticate and prevent malicious users from accessing their device. In a system with strong biometric security, only the primary user can access the smartphone. Resource monitoring in the smartphone When an application passes the various security barriers, it can take the actions for which it was designed. When such actions are triggered, the activity of a malicious application can be sometimes detected if one monitors the various resources used on the phone. Depending on the goals of the malware, the consequences of infection are not always the same; all malicious applications are not intended to harm the devices on which they are deployed. The following sections describe different ways to detect suspicious activity. Battery Some malware is aimed at exhausting the energy resources of the phone. Monitoring the energy consumption of the phone can be a way to detect certain malware applications. Memory usage Memory usage is inherent in any application. However, if one finds that a substantial proportion of memory is used by an application, it may be flagged as suspicious. Network traffic On a smartphone, many applications are bound to connect via the network, as part of their normal operation. However, an application using a lot of bandwidth can be strongly suspected of attempting to communicate a lot of information, and disseminate data to many other devices. This observation only allows a suspicion, because some legitimate applications can be very resource-intensive in terms of network communications, the best example being streaming video. Services One can monitor the activity of various services of a smartphone. During certain moments, some services should not be active, and if one is detected, the application should be suspected. For example, the sending of an SMS when the user is filming video: this communication does not make sense and is suspicious; malware may attempt to send SMS while its activity is masked. The various points mentioned above are only indications and do not provide certainty about the legitimacy of the activity of an application. However, these criteria can help target suspicious applications, especially if several criteria are combined. Network surveillance Network traffic exchanged by phones can be monitored. One can place safeguards in network routing points in order to detect abnormal behavior. As the mobile's use of network protocols is much more constrained than that of a computer, expected network data streams can be predicted (e.g. the protocol for sending an SMS), which permits detection of anomalies in mobile networks. Spam filters As is the case with email exchanges, we can detect a spam campaign through means of mobile communications (SMS, MMS). It is therefore possible to detect and minimize this kind of attempt by filters deployed on network infrastructure that is relaying these messages. Encryption of stored or transmitted information Because it is always possible that data exchanged can be intercepted, communications, or even information storage, can rely on encryption to prevent a malicious entity from using any data obtained during communications. However, this poses the problem of key exchange for encryption algorithms, which requires a secure channel. Telecom network monitoring The networks for SMS and MMS exhibit predictable behavior, and there is not as much liberty compared with what one can do with protocols such as TCP or UDP. This implies that one cannot predict the use made of the common protocols of the web; one might generate very little traffic by consulting simple pages, rarely, or generate heavy traffic by using video streaming. On the other hand, messages exchanged via mobile phone have a framework and a specific model, and the user does not, in a normal case, have the freedom to intervene in the details of these communications. Therefore, if an abnormality is found in the flux of network data in the mobile networks, the potential threat can be quickly detected. Manufacturer surveillance In the production and distribution chain for mobile devices, it is the responsibility of manufacturers to ensure that devices are delivered in a basic configuration without vulnerabilities. Most users are not experts and many of them are not aware of the existence of security vulnerabilities, so the device configuration as provided by manufacturers will be retained by many users. Below are listed several points which manufacturers should consider. Remove debug mode Phones are sometimes set in a debug mode during manufacturing, but this mode must be disabled before the phone is sold. This mode allows access to different features, not intended for routine use by a user. Due to the speed of development and production, distractions occur and some devices are sold in debug mode. This kind of deployment exposes mobile devices to exploits that utilize this oversight. Default settings When a smartphone is sold, its default settings must be correct, and not leave security gaps. The default configuration is not always changed, so a good initial setup is essential for users. There are, for example, default configurations that are vulnerable to denial of service attacks. Security audit of apps Along with smart phones, appstores have emerged. A user finds themselves facing a huge range of applications. This is especially true for providers who manage appstores because they are tasked with examining the apps provided, from different points of view (e.g. security, content). The security audit should be particularly cautious, because if a fault is not detected, the application can spread very quickly within a few days, and infect a significant number of devices. Detect suspicious applications demanding rights When installing applications, it is good to warn the user against sets of permissions that, grouped together, seem potentially dangerous, or at least suspicious. Frameworks like such as Kirin, on Android, attempt to detect and prohibit certain sets of permissions. Revocation procedures Along with appstores appeared a new feature for mobile apps: remote revocation. First developed by Android, this procedure can remotely and globally uninstall an application, on any device that has it. This means the spread of a malicious application that managed to evade security checks can be immediately stopped when the threat is discovered. Avoid heavily customized systems Manufacturers are tempted to overlay custom layers on existing operating systems, with the dual purpose of offering customized options and disabling or charging for certain features. This has the dual effect of risking the introduction of new bugs in the system, coupled with an incentive for users to modify the systems to circumvent the manufacturer's restrictions. These systems are rarely as stable and reliable as the original, and may suffer from phishing attempts or other exploits. Improve software patch processes New versions of various software components of a smartphone, including operating systems, are regularly published. They correct many flaws over time. Nevertheless, manufacturers often do not deploy these updates to their devices in a timely fashion, and sometimes not at all. Thus, vulnerabilities persist when they could be corrected, and if they are not, since they are known, they are easily exploitable. User awareness Much malicious behavior is allowed by the carelessness of the user. Smartphone users were found to ignore security messages during application installation, especially during application selection, checking application reputation, reviews and security and agreement messages. From simply not leaving the device without a password, to precise control of permissions granted to applications added to the smartphone, the user has a large responsibility in the cycle of security: to not be the vector of intrusion. This precaution is especially important if the user is an employee of a company that stores business data on the device. Detailed below are some precautions that a user can take to manage security on a smartphone. A recent survey by internet security experts BullGuard showed a lack of insight into the rising number of malicious threats affecting mobile phones, with 53% of users claiming that they are unaware of security software for Smartphones. A further 21% argued that such protection was unnecessary, and 42% admitted it hadn't crossed their mind ("Using APA," 2011). These statistics show consumers are not concerned about security risks because they believe it is not a serious problem. The key here is to always remember smartphones are effectively handheld computers and are just as vulnerable. Being skeptical A user should not believe everything that may be presented, as some information may be phishing or attempting to distribute a malicious application. It is therefore advisable to check the reputation of the application that they want to buy before actually installing it. Permissions given to applications The mass distribution of applications is accompanied by the establishment of different permissions mechanisms for each operating system. It is necessary to clarify these permissions mechanisms to users, as they differ from one system to another, and are not always easy to understand. In addition, it is rarely possible to modify a set of permissions requested by an application if the number of permissions is too great. But this last point is a source of risk because a user can grant rights to an application, far beyond the rights it needs. For example, a note taking application does not require access to the geolocation service. The user must ensure the privileges required by an application during installation and should not accept the installation if requested rights are inconsistent. Be careful Protection of a user's phone through simple gestures and precautions, such as locking the smartphone when it is not in use, not leaving their device unattended, not trusting applications, not storing sensitive data, or encrypting sensitive data that cannot be separated from the device. Disconnect peripheral devices, that are not in use NIST Guidelines for Managing the Security of Mobile Devices 2013, recommends : Restrict user and application access to hardware, such as the digital camera, GPS, Bluetooth interface, USB interface, and removable storage. Enable Android Device Encryption Latest Android Smartphones come with an inbuilt encryption setting for securing all the information saved on your device. It makes it difficult for a hacker to extract and decipher the information in case your device is compromised. Here is how to do it, Settings – Security – Encrypt Phone + Encrypt SD Card Ensure data Smartphones have a significant memory and can carry several gigabytes of data. The user must be careful about what data it carries and whether they should be protected. While it is usually not dramatic if a song is copied, a file containing bank information or business data can be more risky. The user must have the prudence to avoid the transmission of sensitive data on a smartphone, which can be easily stolen. Furthermore, when a user gets rid of a device, they must be sure to remove all personal data first. These precautions are measures that leave no easy solution to the intrusion of people or malicious applications in a smartphone. If users are careful, many attacks can be defeated, especially phishing and applications seeking only to obtain rights on a device. Centralized storage of text messages One form of mobile protection allows companies to control the delivery and storage of text messages, by hosting the messages on a company server, rather than on the sender or receiver's phone. When certain conditions are met, such as an expiration date, the messages are deleted. Limitations of certain security measures The security mechanisms mentioned in this article are to a large extent inherited from knowledge and experience with computer security. The elements composing the two device types are similar, and there are common measures that can be used, such as antivirus software and firewalls. However, the implementation of these solutions is not necessarily possible or at least highly constrained within a mobile device. The reason for this difference is the technical resources offered by computers and mobile devices: even though the computing power of smartphones is becoming faster, they have other limitations than their computing power. Single-task system: Some operating systems, including some still commonly used, are single-tasking. Only the foreground task is executed. It is difficult to introduce applications such as antivirus and firewall on such systems, because they could not perform their monitoring while the user is operating the device, when there would be most need of such monitoring. Energy autonomy: A critical one for the use of a smartphone is energy autonomy. It is important that the security mechanisms not consume battery resources, without which the autonomy of devices will be affected dramatically, undermining the effective use of the smartphone. Network Directly related to battery life, network utilization should not be too high. It is indeed one of the most expensive resources, from the point of view of energy consumption. Nonetheless, some calculations may need to be relocated to remote servers in order to preserve the battery. This balance can make implementation of certain intensive computation mechanisms a delicate proposition. Furthermore, it is common to find that updates exist, or can be developed or deployed, but this is not always done. One can, for example, find a user who does not know that there is a newer version of the operating system compatible with the smartphone, or a user may discover known vulnerabilities that are not corrected until the end of a long development cycle, which allows time to exploit the loopholes. Next Generation of mobile security There is expected to be four mobile environments that will make up the security framework: Rich operating system In this category will fall traditional Mobile OS like Android, iOS, Symbian OS or Windows Phone. They will provide the traditional functionality and security of an OS to the applications. Secure Operating System (Secure OS) A secure kernel which will run in parallel with a fully featured Rich OS, on the same processor core. It will include drivers for the Rich OS ("normal world") to communicate with the secure kernel ("secure world"). The trusted infrastructure could include interfaces like the display or keypad to regions of PCI-E address space and memories. Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) Made up of hardware and software. It helps in the control of access rights and houses sensitive applications, which need to be isolated from the Rich OS. It effectively acts as a firewall between the "normal world" and "secure world". Secure Element (SE) The SE consists of tamper resistant hardware and associated software or separate isolated hardware. It can provide high levels of security and work in tandem with the TEE. The SE will be mandatory for hosting proximity payment applications or official electronic signatures. SE may connect, disconnect, block peripheral devices and operate separate set of hardware. Security Applications (SA) Numerous security applications are available on App Stores providing services of protection from viruses and performing vulnerability assessment. See also Browser security Computer security Information security Mobile Malware Mobile secure gateway Phone hacking Telephone tapping Wireless Public Key Infrastructure (WPKI) Wireless security Defense strategy (computing) Notes References Books Articles Websites Further reading	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 1970 These hits topped the Dutch Top 40 in 1970. See also 1970 in music References Category:1970 in the Netherlands Category:1970 record charts 1970	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1969 Cleveland Indians season The 1969 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The club finished in last place in the newly established American League East with a record of 62 wins and 99 losses. The 1969 season seemed hopeful before the season started, based on the Indians modest 86-75 record the previous season, along with their solid pitching. However, a 1-15 start shattered any illusions of a successful season. Not helping, was that the Indians strong pitching the previous season fell apart. Luis Tiant fell to 9-20 in 1969, and didnt look like same pitcher from 1968, when he went 21-9, with a 1.60 ERA. Sam McDowell stayed solid at the very least, going 18-14, with a 2.94 ERA. Offseason October 8, 1968: Eddie Fisher was traded by the Cleveland Indians to the California Angels for Jack Hamilton. October 15, 1968: 1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft Chico Salmon was drafted from the Indians by the Seattle Pilots as the 11th pick. Lou Piniella was drafted from the Indians by the Pilots as the 28th pick. Regular season Season standings Record vs. opponents Notable transactions April 10, 1969: Oscar Zamora was released by the Indians. April 19, 1969: Joe Azcue, Vicente Romo and Sonny Siebert were traded by the Indians to the Boston Red Sox for Dick Ellsworth, Ken Harrelson and Juan Pizarro. June 12, 1969: Rob Gardner was traded by the Indians to the New York Yankees for John Orsino. June 20, 1969: Lee Maye was traded by the Indians to the Washington Senators for Bill Denehy and cash. Roster Player stats Batting Starters by position Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Other batters Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in Pitching Starting pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Other pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Relief pitchers Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts Awards and honors All-Star Game Farm system Statesville franchise moved to Monroe, June 20, 1969 Notes References 1969 Cleveland Indians team page at Baseball Reference 1969 Cleveland Indians team page at www.baseball-almanac.com Category:Cleveland Indians seasons Cleveland Indians season Cleveland Indians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy The Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the most sportsmanlike player in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The award began in the 1969–70 season as a team trophy awarded to the league's West Division champions. It has been awarded in its present form since 1970–71 after just one season. The award is named after former NHL general manager and Hall of Famer Frank J. Selke. Winners External links QMJHL official site List of trophy winners. Category:Quebec Major Junior Hockey League trophies and awards	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Comparison of application virtualization software Application virtualization software refers to both application virtual machines and software responsible for implementing them. Application virtual machines are typically used to allow application bytecode to run portably on many different computer architectures and operating systems. The application is usually run on the computer using an interpreter or just-in-time compilation (JIT). There are often several implementations of a given virtual machine, each covering a different set of functions. Comparison of virtual machines JavaScript machines not included. See List of ECMAScript engines to find them. The table here summarizes elements for which the virtual machine designs are intended to be efficient, not the list of abilities present in any implementation. Virtual machine instructions process data in local variables using a main model of computation, typically that of a stack machine, register machine, or random access machine often called the memory machine. Use of these three methods is motivated by different tradeoffs in virtual machines vs physical machines, such as ease of interpreting, compiling, and verifying for security. Memory management in these portable virtual machines is addressed at a higher level of abstraction than in physical machines. Some virtual machines, such as the popular Java virtual machines (JVM), are involved with addresses in such a way as to require safe automatic memory management by allowing the virtual machine to trace pointer references, and disallow machine instructions from manually constructing pointers to memory. Other virtual machines, such as LLVM, are more like traditional physical machines, allowing direct use and manipulation of pointers. Common Intermediate Language (CIL) offers a hybrid in between, allowing both controlled use of memory (like the JVM, which allows safe automatic memory management), while also allowing an 'unsafe' mode that allows direct pointer manipulation in ways that can violate type boundaries and permission. Code security generally refers to the ability of the portable virtual machine to run code while offering it only a prescribed set of abilities. For example, the virtual machine might only allow the code access to a certain set of functions or data. The same controls over pointers which make automatic memory management possible and allow the virtual machine to ensure typesafe data access are used to assure that a code fragment is only allowed to certain elements of memory and cannot bypass the virtual machine itself. Other security mechanisms are then layered on top as code verifiers, stack verifiers, and other methods. An interpreter allows programs made of virtual instructions to be loaded and run immediately without a potentially costly compile into native machine instructions. Any virtual machine which can be run can be interpreted, so the column designation here refers to whether the design includes provisions for efficient interpreting (for common usage). Just-in-time compilation (JIT), refers to a method of compiling to native instructions at the latest possible time, usually immediately before or during the running of the program. The challenge of JIT is more one of implementation than of virtual machine design, however, modern designs have begun to make considerations to help efficiency. The simplest JIT methods simply compile to a code fragment similar to an offline compiler. However, more complex methods are often employed, which specialize compiled code fragments to parameters known only at runtime (see Adaptive optimization). Ahead-of-time compilation (AOT) refers to the more classic method of using a precompiler to generate a set of native instructions which do not change during the runtime of the program. Because aggressive compiling and optimizing can take time, a precompiled program may launch faster than one which relies on JIT alone for execution. JVM implementations have mitigated this startup cost by initial interpreting to speed launch times, until native code fragments can be generated by JIT. Shared libraries are a facility to reuse segments of native code across multiple running programs. In modern operating systems, this generally means using virtual memory to share the memory pages containing a shared library across different processes which are protected from each other via memory protection. It is interesting that aggressive JIT methods such as adaptive optimization often produce code fragments unsuitable for sharing across processes or successive runs of the program, requiring a tradeoff be made between the efficiencies of precompiled and shared code and the advantages of adaptively specialized code. For example, several design provisions of CIL are present to allow for efficient shared libraries, possibly at the cost of more specialized JIT code. The JVM implementation on OS X uses a Java Shared Archive to provide some of the benefits of shared libraries. Comparison of application virtual machine implementations In addition to the portable virtual machines described above, virtual machines are often used as an execution model for individual scripting languages, usually by an interpreter. This table lists specific virtual machine implementations, both of the above portable virtual machines, and of scripting language virtual machines. See also Application virtualization Language binding Foreign function interface Calling convention Name mangling Application programming interface (API) Application binary interface (ABI) Comparison of platform virtualization software List of ECMAScript engines WebAssembly References application virtualization software pt:Comparação entre aplicações de virtualização de máquinas	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Appendiculata Appendiculata is a zoological name introduced by E. Ray Lankester (preface to the English edition of C. Gegenbaur's Comparative Anatomy), and employed by the same writer in the 9th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (article "Zoology") to denote the eighth phylum, or major division, of coelomate animals. The animals thus associated, the Rotifera, Annelida and Arthropoda, are composed of a larger or smaller number of hollow rings, each ring possessing typically a pair of hollow lateral appendages, moved by intrinsic muscles and penetrated by blood-spaces. Appendiculata is now more properly the specific name of many different species of both plants and animals. See also Scientific classification References Category:Annelids Category:Obsolete protostome taxa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Women's 1500 metres The women's 1500 m speed skating competition for the 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Anni Friesinger came to terms with the pressure of being the favorite by skating a world record and winning the gold medal. Sabine Völker and Jennifer Rodriguez repeated their successes from the 1000 m. Records Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows. The following new world and Olympic records were set during this competition. Results References Category:Women's speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics Category:Women's events at the 2002 Winter Olympics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sam Hollander Sam Hollander (SAM) is an American songwriter and record producer. He has written and/or produced hits for the likes of Fitz and the Tantrums, Panic! at the Disco, Train, Weezer, One Direction, Gym Class Heroes, Good Charlotte, Carole King,Pentatonix, Daughtry, Neon Trees, Boys Like Girls, Cobra Starship, All Time Low, Metro Station, We The Kings, Olly Murs, O.A.R., Uncle Kracker, Sugar Ray, Matisyahu, Blues Traveler, Tom Jones, Hot Chelle Rae, Karmin, Chiddy Bang, Kelly Rowland, Ringo Starr and Arrested Development among others. Current Sam Hollander has written and/or produced over 20 US Top 40 Pop Hits, as well as numerous worldwide smashes, including Panic! at the Disco's worldwide #1 "High Hopes". In 2019, he held the #1 position on the Billboard Rock Songwriters chart for nine weeks, a year-end record. He was previously named Rolling Stone Hot List Producer of the Year, alongside Dave "Sluggo" Katz His songs have been streamed over 4 billion times. He served as a Governor of the New York Chapter of The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (The GRAMMYs) from 2011 to 2013. He currently serves on the LA Advisory Board for Musicians On Call. In 2012, he was the Music Producer for the NBC TV show Smash, for which he produced the Emmy-nominated song, "I Heard Your Voice In A Dream." He is the co-founder of the Sony Masterworks holiday supergroup, Band of Merrymakers. Personal life The son of famed interior decorator & collector Judith Hollander and José Limon Company dancer/Pratt Institute Professor Michael Hollander, Sam was born in New York, NY and attended Fox Lane High School. He is a nephew of American poet John Hollander who died in 2013. In December 2013, Sam wrote an obituary dedicated to his uncle in the New York Times entitled My uncle, the poet and the pop star. Selected discography Panic! at the Disco "High Hopes" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) (writer) #1 US TOP 40, #1 US HOT AC, #1 US ALTERNATIVE, #1 US ROCK SONGS. RIAA certified 4x PLATINUM, 2019 BILLBOARD MUSIC AWARDS ROCK SONG OF THE YEAR Fitz and the Tantrums "HandClap" (Elektra) (writer) #5 US HOT AC, #5 US ALTERNATIVE, #8 US ROCK SONGS. RIAA certified 2x PLATINUM, BMI Pop Award Winner Panic! at the Disco "Hey Look Ma, I Made It" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) (writer) #1 US ROCK SONGS, #3 US HOT AC, #5 US ALTERNATIVE, #6 US TOP 40. RIAA certified PLATINUM, 2019 TEEN CHOICE AWARDS ROCK SONG OF THE YEAR. James TW "When You Love Someone" (Island Records) (writer) RIAA certified GOLD Panic! at the Disco "Say Amen (Saturday Night)" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) (writer) #1 US ALTERNATIVE, #1 US ROCK SONGS. RIAA certified PLATINUM Blink-182 "Blame It On My Youth", "Happy Days" (Columbia) (writer) #10 US ALTERNATIVE Panic! at the Disco "Dancing's Not A Crime", "King Of The Clouds", "Drunks", "Roaring 20s", "Old Fashioned" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) from the RIAA certified PLATINUM album Pray for the Wicked (writer) 2019 BILLBOARD MUSIC AWARDS ROCK ALBUM OF THE YEAR Weezer "I Love The USA" (Crush/Atlantic) (writer) Gym Class Heroes "Cupid's Chokehold" (Decaydance/Fueled By Ramen) (producer) #1 US TOP 40, #3 UK TOP 40. RIAA certified 2x PLATINUM One Direction "Rock Me" (Columbia/SYCO) (writer) IFPI certified PLATINUM from the RIAA certified 2x PLATINUM album Take Me Home Panic! at the Disco "Emperor's New Clothes" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) (writer) RIAA certified PLATINUM Ringo Starr "Thank God For Music", "Better Days" (Universal Music) (writer/producer) Train "Save Me San Francisco" (Columbia) (writer) #3 US AC, #7 US HOT AC, RIAA certified GOLD / BMI Pop Award Winner Train "Marry Me" (Columbia) (writer) #4 US HOT AC, RIAA certified 2x PLATINUM BMI Pop Award Winner Goo Goo Dolls "Miracle Pill" (Warner Brothers) (writer) #19 US HOT AC Carole King "Love Makes The World" (Koch) (writer/producer) Metro Station "Shake It" (Columbia) (producer) #3 US TOP 40, RIAA certified 2X PLATINUM Boys Like Girls "The Great Escape" (Columbia) (writer) #8 US TOP 40, RIAA certified PLATINUM, BMI Pop Award winner Boys Like Girls "Love Drunk" (Columbia) (writer) #8 US TOP 40, RIAA certified PLATINUM Good Charlotte "Sex on the Radio" (Capitol) (writer) ARIA certified PLATINUM Daughtry "Waiting for Superman" (RCA) (writer) #11 US HOT AC, RIAA certified PLATINUM We The Kings "Check Yes Juliet" (S-Curve/EMI) (writer/producer) RIAA certified PLATINUM / ARIA certified PLATINUM Pentatonix "Sing", "New Year's Day" (RCA) from the RIAA certified GOLD album Pentatonix (writer) Panic! at the Disco "Crazy=Genius" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) (writer/producer) RIAA certified GOLD Panic! at the Disco "Impossible Year", "Golden Days" (Fueled By Ramen/Atlantic) from the GRAMMY nominated RIAA certified 2x PLATINUM album Death of a Bachelor (writer) Gym Class Heroes "As Cruel as School Children" (Decaydance/Fueled By Ramen) (writer/producer) RIAA certified GOLD Aloe Blacc "King Is Born" (Interscope) (writer/producer) Fitz and the Tantrums "Roll Up", "Run It", "Get Right Back" (writer) Katy Perry "If You Can Afford Me" (Capitol) from the RIAA certified PLATINUM album One Of The Boys (writer/producer) Karmin "Acapella" (Epic) (writer) RIAA certified GOLD / ARIA certified 3x PLATINUM Metro Station "Seventeen Forever" (Columbia) (producer) RIAA certified GOLD Olly Murs "Beautiful To Me" (Epic) from the BPI certified 2x PLATINUM album Never Been Better (writer) Kelly Rowland "Daylight" (Columbia) (producer) Daughtry "Battleships", "Long Live Rock and Roll", "18 Years", "Wild Heart" (RCA) (writer) We The Kings "Say You Like Me" (S-Curve/EMI) (writer/producer) ARIA certified GOLD All Time Low "Lost in Stereo" (Interscope) from the RIAA certified GOLD album Nothing Personal (writer/producer) All Time Low "Holly (Would You Turn Me On" (Interscope) from the RIAA certified GOLD album So Wrong, It's Right (writer) Delta Goodrem "Encore" (Sony) from the ARIA certified GOLD Wings of the Wild (writer) Chiddy Bang "Mind Your Manners" (Polydor) (writer/producer) ARIA certified 2x PLATINUM Chiddy Bang "Happening" (Polydor) (writer/producer) ARIA certified GOLD Chiddy Bang "Ray Charles" (Polydor) (writer/producer) #13 UK TOP 40 The O'Jays "The Last Word" (S-Curve) (writer/producer) Tom Jones "I'm Alive" (S-Curve/EMI) from the BPI certified Gold album 24 Hours (producer) Mike Love Reason for the Season (BMG) (writer/producer) Joe Cocker "The Last Road" (Columbia) (writer) Neon Trees "Your Surrender", "I Am The DJ" (Island Records) (writer) #18 US HOT AC DNCE "Can You Feel It" (RCA) for the movie and soundtrack "My Little Pony: The Movie (writer) Capital Cities "Venus & River" (Capitol) (writer) Hot Chelle Rae "Honestly" (RCA) (writer/producer) Cobra Starship "Bring It (Snakes on a Plane)" (Decaydance/New Line) for the movie and soundtrack "Snakes on a Plane (writer/producer) Coheed and Cambria "The Running Free" (Columbia) (writer) #19 US ALTERNATIVE Owl City "Speed of Love" (Universal Republic) (writer) Violent Femmes "Holy Ghost", "Foothills", "Issues" (writer) Train "This'll Be My Year" (Columbia) from the RIAA certified GOLD album California 37 (writer) The Fray "Same As You" (Epic) (writer) Barenaked Ladies "Lookin Up" (Vanguard) (writer) American Authors "Microphone" (Island) (writer) Sugar Ray "Girls Were Made To Love" (Pulse) (writer/producer) Blues Traveler "Suzie Cracks the Whip" (429) (producer) Matt Nathanson "Earthquake Weather" "Heart Starts" (Vanguard) (writer) Michael Franti & Spearhead "Wherever You Are", "I Don't Wanna Go" (Capitol) (writer) Rebelution "Santa Barbara" (Easy Star Records) from the GRAMMY nominated "Falling Into Place (writer)" Matisyahu "Happy Hannukah," "Champion" (writer) O.A.R. "Lay Down" (Lava) (writer) Brett Dennen "Out Of My Head" (Atlantic) (writer) G. Love & Special Sauce "Saturday Night", "Peanut Butter Lips", "That Girl" (Brushfire) (writer) Uncle Kracker "Hot Mess" (Atlantic) (writer/producer) Trombone Shorty "Dream On" (Verve) (writer/producer) Allen Stone "Symmetrical" (Capitol Records) (writer) Lindsey Stirling "Eclipse" (Decca Records) (writer) Hollywood Undead "Hear Me Now (Octone) (writer/producer) #10 US ACTIVE ROCK 3OH!3 "Hit It Again" (Atlantic)/(Photo Finish Records) (writer/producer) New Politics "Girl Crush", "15 Dreams", "Lovers in a Song", "Aristocrat" (Warner Bros. Records) (writer) Andrew McMahon in the Wilderness "Canyon Moon" (writer) BANNERS "Someone To You" (Island) (writer) The Struts "Freak Like You" (Interscope) (writer/producer) The Virgins "The Virgins" (Atlantic) (producer) The Mowgli's "Emily" Photo Finish Records/Island Records (writer) Bowling For Soup "Only Young" (Jive Records) (writer) Alex & Sierra "Scarecrow", "Just Kids", "Broken Frame", "Almost Home" (Columbia Records) (writer) The Academy Is... "Fast Times at Barrington High" (Fueled By Ramen) (writer/producer) Cartel "Perfect Mistake" (Wind-Up) (writer) Arrested Development "Since The Last Time" (Edel/Pony Canyon) (writer/producer) Big Time Rush "Til' I Forget About You" "Big Night" (Columbia) from the RIAA certified GOLD album BTR (writer/producer) Descendants 2 "Ways To Be Wicked" (Hollywood) RIAA certified GOLD (writer/producer) Descendants "Set It Off" (Hollywood) from the RIAA certified GOLD album (writer/producer) Glee Cast "Candles" (Columbia) for the show Glee (writer) Static Revenger "Happy People" (Ministry of Sound) (writer) #23 UK TOP 40 Cooler Kids "All Around The World" (DreamWorks) The Lizzie McGuire Movie RIAA certified PLATINUM (writer/producer) Blake Lewis "Heartbreak on Vinyl" Tommy Boy) (writer/producer) #1 US DANCE CLUB PLAY, #1 US DANCE AIR PLAY Toothpick "Supersize Me" for the ACADEMY AWARD nominated documentary Supersize Me (writer/producer) References External links In the New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/21/arts/music/21liar.html?_r=1&scp=3&sq=Sam%20Hollander&st=cse Category:Songwriters from New York (state) Category:Record producers from New York (state) Category:Living people Category:Writers from New York City Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Cost (album) The Cost is the sixth studio album by The Frames, released in Ireland on Plateau Records on 20 September 2006. The album was released worldwide on ANTI- on 20 February 2007. The album exhibits a sound more like that of For the Birds than their more recent album Burn the Maps. The Frames' line-up for The Cost features Glen Hansard on guitar and vocals, Colm Mac Con Iomaire on violin and keyboards, Joseph Doyle on bass guitar and backing vocals, Rob Bochnik on lead guitar and Graham Hopkins who played drums in place of the Frames' regular drummer Johnny Boyle. It was recorded in Black Box, France by Stephen Fitzmaurice and David Odlum with assistance from Fabian Lesure. The front and back covers feature photography by frontman Hansard of oak leaves, accompanied by a handwritten inscription reading: "Ni identitat permanent, ni idea de persona, ni d'ésser vivent, ni d'un temps d'existència" (which is Catalan for "Nor permanent identity, nor idea of a person, nor of being alive, nor of a time of existence", from a work of Antoni Tàpies). The album is enigmatically dedicated to "Multi (the ghost)". Three songs on the album have been released before on separate productions. "Rise" appeared on The Roads Outgrown. Both "Falling Slowly" and "When Your Mind's Made Up" appeared on the 2006 album The Swell Season released by Glen Hansard and the Czech pianist Marketa Irglova. All three of these songs have been reworked for the album. Irglova shares writing credits with Hansard (and the band) on "Falling Slowly" and "People Get Ready". A deluxe edition of the album was released on the US iTunes Store on 13 May 2008. It included three extra tracks - "The Blood," "No More I Love Yous," and "This Low," as well as the music videos for "Falling Slowly," "Sad Songs," and "The Side You Never Get To See." The fourth track from the album, 'Rise', was featured on ABC's popular cop show 'Castle' on 24 January 2011. Track listing All tracks composed by Glen Hansard; except where indicated "Song for Someone" - 5:36 "Falling Slowly" (Hansard, M. Irglová) - 4:35 "People Get Ready" (C. MacConIomaire, Hansard) - 5:28 "Rise" - 3:26 "When Your Mind's Made Up" - 3:44 "Sad Songs" - 3:09 "The Cost" (C. Ward, Hansard) - 4:20 "True" - 5:14 "The Side You Never Get to See" - 3:40 "Bad Bone" - 4:42 Chart positions References External links The Frames Category:2006 albums Category:The Frames albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Olfactomedin 1 Olfactomedin 1, also known as noelin 1 or pancortin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLFM1 gene. The name noelin stands for "neuronal olfactomedin-related endoplasmic reticulum-localized 1". This gene product shares extensive sequence similarity with the rat neuronal olfactomedin-related ER localized protein. While the exact function of the encoded protein is not known, its abundant expression in brain suggests that it may have an essential role in nerve tissue. Several alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Cancer OLFM1 gene has been detected progressively overexpressed in Human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy. For this reason, this gene is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions progression. References Further reading Category:Olfactomedins	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2013–14 Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball team The 2013–14 Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball team will represent Purdue Boilermakers during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Boilermakers, led by eighth year head coach Sharon Versyp, play their home games at the Mackey Arena and were a members of the Big Ten Conference. They finished with a record of 22–9 overall, 11–5 overall for a tie for a fourth-place finish. They lost in the quarterfinals of the 2014 Big Ten Conference Women's Basketball Tournament to Iowa. They were invited to the 2014 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament which they defeated Akron in the first round before losing to Oklahoma State in the second round. Roster Schedule \|- !colspan=9 \| Exhibition \|- !colspan=9\| Regular Season \|- !colspan=9 \| 2014 Big Ten Conference Women's Basketball Tournament \|- !colspan=9 \| NCAA Women's Tournament Source Rankings See also 2013–14 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team References Category:Purdue Boilermakers women's basketball seasons Purdue Purdue	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hay Foot, Straw Foot Hay Foot, Straw Foot is a 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Jerome Storm and written by Julien Josephson. The film stars Charles Ray, Doris May, William Conklin, Spottiswoode Aitken and J. P. Lockney. The film was released on June 22, 1919, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives. Plot As described in a film magazine, enlistee Ulysses S. Grant Briggs (Ray) is bound by his father Thaddeus Briggs (Aitken), a veteran of the Civil War, to emulate his illustrious namesake in all things. He is charged in a court-martial for entering a notorious roadhouse against orders and rescuing Betty Martin (May), a young woman who aspires to the stage and had just taken part in a military camp entertainment, from the wiles of a man posing as a vaudeville agent. His father appears at the camp hearing and insists that his boy must have had a good reason for his action, but his son refuses to speak. Betty considers the disgrace she caused to the young man, comes to the camp and tells her story and secures his acquittal. Cast Charles Ray as Ulysses S. Grant Briggs Doris May as Betty Martin William Conklin as Harry Weller Spottiswoode Aitken as Thaddeus Briggs J. P. Lockney as Jeff Hanan References External links Category:1919 films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:American comedy films Category:1910s comedy films Category:Paramount Pictures films Category:Films directed by Jerome Storm Category:American Civil War films Category:American black-and-white films Category:American silent feature films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fragma Fragma are a German trance music group, originally comprising three producers. The group was successful in the early 2000s when they released several singles that charted successfully across Europe, especially the United Kingdom and Ireland, but also found some success in the United States and Australia. They continued to produce music until 2012 following the departure of vocalist Damae. After several years of hiatus, Fragma recruited a new vocalist in 2017, Tess, to front the group. She now does gigs in clubs around the world performing re-recorded remixes of Fragma's biggest hits. Musical career Founded in 1998 by brothers Dirk and Marco Duderstadt, they produced their first single "Toca Me" with record producer Ramon Zenker. When it was released the following year, it topped several dance charts around the world, and reached No. 11 in the UK Singles Chart. In 1999, a mash-up, "Toca's Miracle" was produced by DJ Vimto, taking the music of Fragma's "Toca Me" and placing the vocals from Coco Star's 1996 song "I Need a Miracle" (written for Coco Star by Rob Davis and Victor Imbres) over the instrumental. Originally released on Orbit Records in Germany, "Toca's Miracle" was also released in the UK on Positiva Records. It went straight to number one in the UK chart, and was popular in Australia and Ireland. "Toca's Miracle" was described as a “song that was never really meant to be” by Billboard's Michael Paoletta. An album was released in 2001; Toca, as well as two other singles; "Everytime You Need Me" (UK No. 3), which featured vocals by Maria Rubia, and "You Are Alive" (UK No. 4) with vocals by Damae. 2002 saw the Duderstadts set up their own studio, called Evergreen-Terrace. The same year saw Fragma still operating with vocalist Damae, release a second album; Embrace, with hit singles such as "Say That You're Here", "Embrace Me", "Man In The Moon" and "Time And Time Again". During this period, Fragma parted with their UK record label Positiva and released "Say That You're Here" in December 2001 on Illustrious Records. The song charted at No. 25 and a hiatus on the UK chart singles chart began which lasted for several years. Dirk and Marco are also currently working as a duo under their surname Duderstadt. Two singles have been released under this name; "Sunrise" and "Taking Over" on Gang Go Records. A third single, "Mahananda", was released in 2005 on Afterglow Records. This was followed by the fourth single "Muhanjala" in 2006, and another featuring Anita Kelsey called "Smile" in 2007. The two are also known to produce under the name Inpetto (originally written as In Petto around 1999-2000). In 2006, Fragma released the new single "Radio Waves" together with Kirsty Hawkshaw. The track was co-written by Judie Tzuke. 2008 saw the release of "Toca's Miracle 2008" with the vocals of Coco Star and the InPetto remix of the original song. "Toca's Miracle 2008" reached #2 on the Australian ARIA Club Charts and #16 on the UK Singles Chart. Fragma commenced touring again with Damae throughout Europe, where they featured on the Dance Nation tour in the UK. "Memory" was released through Hard2Beat and Ultra Records, followed by "Forever and a Day", which was released in November 2009. In October 2012 Fragma announced through their official Facebook page that they have separated from singer Damae on 1 September 2012. This was on the same year as the release of their track "Thousand Times" and their collaboration with Akil Wingate "Where Do We Go", both of which featuring her vocals. She no longer represents Fragma in their live shows, yet they will continue working on new productions with a new singer. They have also announced planning a new live show in hopes to obtain an innovative, modern concept. As of 2017, Fragma have recruited a new vocalist, Tess, who is currently performing re-recorded and remixed versions of the group's biggest hits at live shows around the world. Discography Studio albums Singles "—" denotes releases that did not chart References External links Evergreen-Terrace Music Productions Official Duderstadt website Category:German dance music groups Category:German electronic music groups Category:German house music groups Category:German techno music groups Category:German trance music groups Category:Musical groups established in 1998 Category:Dance Nations artists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
A Class Act A Class Act is a quasi-autobiographical musical loosely based on the life of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, who died at the age of 48 in 1987. Featuring a book by Linda Kline and Lonny Price along with music and lyrics by Kleban himself, the musical uses flashbacks and the device of time running backwards to retrace the high and low points of the composer's personal and professional life. The original production concept was haphazardly thrown together by Kleban's close friend and author of the book by using a trunkful of songs that Kleban had written for a number of unproduced musicals, and writing new scenes or reworking original scenes around them, with Price polishing up the results. In addition to serving as a tribute to one of the award-winning collaborators of A Chorus Line, A Class Act provides yet another behind-the-scenes glimpse at how a musical is created and brought to the stage. In contrast to A Chorus Line however, the piece offers a considerably more severe warning as well about how an artist’s personal life—including struggles with mental illness and cancer—can interfere with, obstruct, and eventually doom his professional as well as his personal pursuits. Productions The musical was initially produced Off-Broadway by the Manhattan Theatre Club at Stage II, opening on October 3, 2000 and running through December 10, 2000. Director Lonny Price cast himself as the lead in the Off-Broadway production, and the cast was rounded out by Randy Graff as Sophie, Jonathan Freeman as Lehman Engel, Carolee Carmello as Lucy, Ray Wills as both Charlie and Marvin Hamlisch, Julia Murney as Felicia, Nancy Anderson as Mona, and David Hibbard as both Bobby and Michael Bennett. A Class Act transferred to Broadway on March 11, 2001 at the Ambassador Theatre, where it ran for 30 previews and 105 regular performances. Price, Graff, Hibbard, and Anderson were retained from the Off-Broadway company, with Patrick Quinn replacing Freeman, Donna Bullock replacing Carmello, Jeff Blumenkrantz replacing Wills, and Sara Ramirez replacing Murney. Canadian premiere A Class Act had its Canadian premiere presented by the Toronto Civic Light Opera Company as the company's 30th anniversary production in May 2009. The show starred Joe Cascone (Ed Kleban), Caroline Moro-Dalicandro (Sophie), David Haines (doubling as Bobby and Marvin Hamlisch), Joanne Kennedy (Lucy), Eric Botosan (Lehman Engel), Julie Lennick (Felicia), Stephanie Douglas (Mona) and Larry Gibbs (doubling as Charley and Michael Bennett). Like the original New York productions, the Toronto production was directed by its leading man, Joe Cascone with choreography by Lesley Ansell and musical direction by Paul Christman. This production dropped the song "Don't Do It Again." Plot In 1988, a memorial service to Ed Kleban is being held at the Shubert Theatre. Ed appears at his own memorial. His friends and colleagues remember him and think back over the past. As the time shifts backwards, the friends reminisce about the songwriting workshop held by Lehman Engel (B.M.I. Workshop). As Ed interacts with the people in his life, he deals with ambitions, success, failures, and loves. Characters Ed – Edward Kleban, lyricist and composer Sophie – Ed's oldest friend and first love, an oncologist Lehman Engel – head of the songwriting workshop Michael Bennett – director/ choreographer of A Chorus Line Marvin Hamlisch – composer of A Chorus Line Lucy – Ed's last significant other, member of the BMI Workshop Felicia – Ed's boss at Columbia Records, member of the BMI Workshop Bobby – Ed's best friend, member of the BMI Workshop Charlie – a friend from the workshop, member of the BMI Workshop Mona – one of Ed's many love affairs, member of the BMI Workshop Song list Act I "Light on My Feet" – Ed and Company "The Fountain in the Garden" – Company "One More Beautiful Song" – Ed and Sophie "Fridays at Four" – Company "Bobby's Song" – Bobby "Charm Song" – Lehman and Company "Paris Through The Window" – Ed, Bobby and Charley "Mona" – Mona "Under Separate Cover" – Sophie, Lucy and Ed "Don't Do It Again" – Felicia and Ed "Gauguin's Shoes" – Ed and Company "Don't Do It Again (Reprise)" – Lehman "Follow Your Star" – Sophie and Ed Act II "Better" – Ed and Company "Scintillating Sophie" – Ed "The Next Best Thing To Love" – Sophie "Broadway Boogie Woogie" – Lucy "Better (Reprise)" – Ed and Company "I Choose You" – Ed and Lucy "The Nightmare" – Ed "Say Something Funny" – Company "When the Dawn Breaks" – Ed "Self Portrait" – Ed Recording A recording by the Off-Broadway cast was released by RCA Victor Broadway on February 20, 2001. Critical reception The New York Times reviewer wrote of the Broadway production that it "... seems smaller in almost every respect, and perhaps more curiously it is a better and more satisfying show, one that has found its rightful dimensions. ...The choreography could be more lively and original .... overall the show's alteration in spirit carries the day." The CurtainUp.com reviewer of the Manhattan Theatre Club production wrote: "It also left me filled with admiration for the eight talented performers who deserve a standing ovation for turning this small musical into a big treat for the eye, the ear and the heart. ...The entire song cycle has the flavor of the traditional musical esthetic. The music is tuneful and bouncy (often danceable). The lyrics full of clever lines." Awards and nominations Original Broadway production References External links Internet Broadway Database listing Aisle Say Review and Essay by David Spencer Times Colonist Company C Review 2008 Monday Magazine 2008 Company C Review Category:2000 musicals Category:Broadway musicals Category:Biographical musicals Category:Musicals inspired by real-life events Category:Cultural depictions of classical musicians Category:Cultural depictions of American men	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nicole Aish Nicole Aish (maiden name Jefferson, born March 8, 1976) is a long distance runner who is a U.S. National Championship Marathon winner and a bronze medalist at the 2003 Pan American Games in the 5,000 metres. Running career Since she was cut from her high school basketball team, Aish decided to become a runner. She ran cross country and track at Western Colorado Mountaineers with Elva Dryer. Aish set multiple school records on her way to becoming the national champion at the 1998 and 1999 NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 3,000 metres. She finished her college career also as the one mile national champion in the 1999 NCAA Division II Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships. She still holds the school record for fastest time in the mile (4:38.76). Aish continued running after college. In 2001 she raced 3,000 metres at the Prefontaine Classic, where she placed 13th. Two years later, she ran a 32:10 in the 10,000 metres, qualifying for the 2004 U.S. Olympic Track Trials. Aish continued racing track and road races around the country. Her first ever half-marathon was in the Monterey Peninsula of California, which she won. Aish then netted prize money for win a large 10k in Colorado. A year later, in 2005, she also won her first-ever marathon, the Twin Cities Marathon. She finished with a time of 2:40.21, which happened to be the slowest winning time, likely due to the heat—the temperature at the starting line was more than 70 degrees F. Although her hamstrings cramped and she walked briefly, Aish won with a comfortable lead. She won $30,000 and the title of U.S. National Marathon Champion. Later in 2006, Aish had hip surgery, which stopped her from running in any more major races. She still competes in shorter distance races, such as the FireKraker 5k for the 4th of July in her hometown in Colorado. She has won nearly $85,000 in her running career so far. Early and personal life Aish is married to Michael Aish, a long distance runner who competed for the 2000 and 2004 New Zealand Olympic Team. They ran together and won respective men's and woman's titles in the Monterey Half Marathon. Aish started a blog about her personal and daily life but has not posted on it since 2014. Her last post was about a second hip surgery. Achievements 2001 Prefontaine Classic 3K 13th place 9:29.42 2003 Pan American Games 5K 3rd place 15:42.40 2003 Freihofer's Run for Women 5K 4th place 15:51 2004 Monterey Half-Marathon 1st place 1:15.13 2005 TD Banknorth Beach to Beacon 7th place 33:08.8 2005 Twin Cities Marathon 1st place 2:40.21 2005 Colorado 10k 1st place 34:57 2006 Spokane 12,000m Race 9th place 41:32 2008 Aramco Houston Half Marathon 4th place 1:12:30 See also Twin Cities Marathon Michael Aish Prefontaine Classic References External links *Nicole Aish at World Athletics Category:1976 births Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games Category:Living people Category:American female long-distance runners Category:American female marathon runners Category:Western Colorado University alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charles Coles Charles “Honi” Coles (April 2, 1911 – November 12, 1992) was an American actor and tap dancer. He was best known for his role as Tito Suarez in the film Dirty Dancing. Life and career Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Coles developed his high-speed rhythm tapping on the streets of his hometown. He first went to New York City as one of the Three Millers, who were known for their intricate and difficult dance steps executed on tiny platforms. He later returned to headline at the Apollo Theater. In 1940, while dancing with Cab Calloway's band, he met and teamed with Charles "Cholly" Atkins. As Coles & Atkins, their routine opened with a fast-paced song and tap number, followed by a precision swing dance, a soft shoe, and a tap-challenge. Their partnership lasted nineteen years. Coles placed tap in the world of concert art when he performed in the Joffrey Ballet's production of Agnes de Mille's Conversations about the Dance. Coles made his Broadway debut in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes in 1949. He also appeared in Bubbling Brown Sugar and My One and Only, for which he received both the Tony and Drama Desk Award for his performance. During the 1980s, Coles taught dance and dance history at Yale, Cornell, Duke, and George Washington University. Coles was a close associate of tap dancer Brenda Bufalino, who was instrumental in helping him rebuild his career in the early 1970s. The American Tap Dance Orchestra was and founded by Bufalino along with Tony Waag Coles in 1986 as a tax exempt 501c3 charitable organization. During that time the Orchestra performed in hundreds of concert, stage, and film projects and thrilled audiences around the world. From 1989 to 1995, the company also operated Woodpeckers Tap Dance Center in New York City, and presented on-going classes, performances and related activities. Coles also had a part in the 1987 hit movie Dirty Dancing. In 1991, Coles was awarded the National Medal of Arts by president George H.W. Bush. Charles Honi Coles died from cancer on November 12, 1992. He was inducted, posthumously, into the Tap Dance Hall of Fame in 2003. His wife Marian Edwards Coles died on November 6, 2009. While he was performing "My One and Only" Charles had a stroke. References External links Category:1911 births Category:1992 deaths Category:American tap dancers Category:Cornell University faculty Category:Drama Desk Award winners Category:Duke University faculty Category:George Washington University faculty Category:Tony Award winners Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients Category:Vaudeville performers Category:Yale University faculty Category:Male actors from Philadelphia Category:20th-century American male actors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Canton of Bletterans The canton of Bletterans is an administrative division of the Jura department, eastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Bletterans. It consists of the following communes: Abergement-le-Petit Arlay (partly) Aumont Barretaine Bersaillin Biefmorin Bletterans Bois-de-Gand Brainans Champrougier Chapelle-Voland La Charme La Chassagne Le Chateley Chaumergy La Chaux-en-Bresse Chemenot Chêne-Sec Colonne Commenailles Cosges Darbonnay Desnes Les Deux-Fays Domblans (partly) Fontainebrux Foulenay Francheville Grozon Larnaud Lombard Mantry Miéry Monay Montholier Nance Neuvilley Oussières Passenans Plasne Quintigny Recanoz Relans Les Repôts Ruffey-sur-Seille Rye Saint-Lamain Saint-Lothain Sellières Sergenaux Sergenon Toulouse-le-Château Tourmont Vers-sous-Sellières Villerserine Villers-les-Bois Villevieux Le Villey Vincent-Froideville References Category:Cantons of Jura (department)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Caterham Racing Caterham Racing is the practice of racing Caterham Seven-type sportscars. History The Caterham Seven (or Caterham 7) is a small sports car produced by Caterham Cars in the United Kingdom. It is based on the Lotus Seven, a lightweight sports car sold in kit and pre-built form by Lotus Cars, from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. After Lotus ended production of the Lotus Seven, in 1972, Caterham bought the rights to the design, and today make both kits and fully assembled cars. 2007 marked the 50th year of production of the Lotus/Caterham 7. The Lotus 7 was conceived by Colin Chapman as a car to be raced. Whilst still a prototype, in September 1957, it was raced at the Brighton Speed Trials and by the end of 1958 Graham Hill was winning races with the Coventry Climax-engined 'Super Seven' The car has had a strong racing history throughout its life under both Lotus and Caterham stewardship. Amongst the marques more famous races was victory in the Nelson Ledges 24-hour race in Ohio when, against a field including works teams from Honda and Mazda, a four-man team from Caterham (including both Jez Coates and Robert Nearn) won by seven laps (after 990 laps) in a modified Vauxhall HPC. After dominating open class races for decades a one-make championship for Caterhams was begun in 1986 and won by Kelvin Foy. Caterham 7 races have since expanded to include club and competitive races in the United Kingdom, continental Europe, Canada, the United States and Asia. The car was banned from racing in the USA in the 1960s, as being "Too fast to race" and again in the UK in the 1970s for the same reasons, which prompted Caterham Cars boss Graham Nearn to produce 'T' shirts with "Caterham Seven, the car that's "Too Fast to Race. ..". Both bans were later lifted. In 2002 an R400 won its class (and came 11th overall out of 200 starters) at the 24 Hours Nürburgring race by 10 laps, ahead of competition that included Porsche and BMW racecars, leading, once again, to a ban on entry in subsequent years. Current Caterham Racing There are many Caterham Racing Championships across the world, the majority administered in some way by Caterham Cars. It is estimated that there are over 700 competitors in 20 Caterham championships across 11 countries, and many more that compete in sprint and hillclimb events. The Caterham Motorsport Ladder The Caterham Motorsport Ladder is a progression through the various Caterham Cars championships, starting with the Caterham Academy, and moving through ultimately to their most prestigious European events. The championships which form the ladder are: Caterham Academy Championship In 1995 the Caterham Academy, a novices-only format, was introduced in the UK as the Caterham Scholarship. For £26,495 (2019 price), entrants get a modified Roadsport kit (a factory-built option is available for extra cost) with a sealed Ford Sigma engine and 5-speed gearbox. Having completed the ARDS (racing) licence qualification, the season then consists of a setup day, one speed events (sprints and hillclimbs), and six circuit races. Since 2000, the popularity of the Academy has led to Caterham providing two parallel Academy championships (Group Green & Group White), each resulting in an Academy champion at the end of the year. Approximately 1,000 racing drivers have been created through the Caterham Academy. Caterham Roadsport Championship The Caterham Roadsport Championship is largely for drivers that have come through the previous season's Academy. Some minor modifications are permitted to the car, including fitting a rear anti-roll bar and sticky Avon ZZS tyres. Technical support is still provided by the factory, and professional team support is not permitted. The season features 20-minute races at 7 'double-header' meetings. One of the rounds takes place at a European circuit with recent visits to Zolder, Zandvoort, Spa-Francorchamps and Nürburgring. Since 2009, the Caterham Roadsport Championship will be available exclusively to Sigma-engined cars. Caterham Seven 270R Championship Caterham 270R cars are still ex-Academy cars. However they feature the upgrades for the Caterham Roadsport Championship car plus a number of performance upgrades such removing the windscreens and lights, widetrack front suspension, uprated dampers and a raised rev limit. Professional team support is also allowed. The Caterham Seven 270R Championship races at the same events as Caterham Roadsport, but has longer 30-minute races. Caterham Seven 310R Championship Caterham Seven 310R cars are the 'ultimate' incarnation of the Caterham Academy car. They feature all the upgrades of Roadsport and Seven 270R and also feature a limited slip differential and a power increase. In 2017, the 310R was introduced to replace the outgoing Supersport cars and both cars ran in separate championships before the Supersport series was disbanded before the start of the 2018 season. Caterham Seven 420R Championship The Seven 420R (formerly known as Superlight R300) was introduced for 2009 and is now the premier class of the Caterham Motorsport ladder. The car is unique on the ladder in that it is not an evolution of the Caterham Academy car but instead is a unique chassis and uses the 2.0l Ford Duratec engine as opposed to the Ford Sigma engine used in the other series in the ladder. 2014 saw the introduction of an optional 6-speed sequential gearbox. Caterham Graduates Racing Club Background The Caterham Graduates Championship was started in 1998 by competitors from the 1997 Caterham Scholarship. In its first two years, it was a multi-discipline series, with the rounds being made up of sprints, hillclimbs and circuit races, similar to the Caterham Scholarship format. The emphasis moved more and more towards circuit races, and from 2000-on the series has been entirely circuit races. The Grads Club is independent of the Caterham Motorsport Ladder, and is run by its members. The series is one of the largest in the UK, if not the largest, with well over 100 registered competitors. The competitors come from a variety of backgrounds. A number have "graduated" from the novice Caterham Scholarship and Academy series, whilst many others have made it their first foray into motorsport. Classes Current classes are: Classic Graduate 1600cc Ford or Vauxhall engined Caterham Sevens with a live axle, from the Caterham Scholarship or Academy 1997 - 2000. These cars are fully road legal and produce around 100 bhp. Super Graduate 1600cc Rover K-series Caterham Sevens with independent DeDion rear suspension from the Caterham Academy 2001 - 2008. These cars are fully road legal and produce around 125 bhp. Mega Graduate Uprated 1600cc Rover K-series Caterham Sevens with independent (DeDion) rear suspension from the Caterham Academy 2001 - 2008. These cars are semi-road legal (no lights or windscreen) and with controlled modifications produce around 150 bhp. Sigma Graduate Using the 1600cc Ford Sigma engined cars used in the Academy from 2008 onwards with around 120 hp. Screens (and lights, from 2016) are optional and normally removed. Headlights were required up to and including the 2015 season but are no longer mandatory. The only other significant change from Academy specification (apart from tyres) is the optional rear anti-roll bar. Sigmax Graduate Sigmax Graduate cars run with the same specification as the Supersport class in the Caterham Motorsport ladder and are the 'ultimate' incarnation of the current Caterham Academy car. They feature all the upgrades of Roadsport and Tracksport and also feature a limited slip differential and a power increase to 140bhp. All Caterham Graduate classes run on Yokohama road legal tyres. Classic Graduates race on list 1A A539s whilst Super, Mega, Sigma and Sigmax use the stickier list 1B A048R The cars in the series are genuinely road-going and indeed a few are driven to (and hopefully) from races. Many are used by drivers mid-week for commuting, shopping, etc. needing no more than the covering up of competition numbers to make them road-legal (although Mega Graduate and Sigmax Graduate specs have moved away from this with the deletion of lights and windscreen). No changes from the standard specification are allowed and all have sealed engine units putting the emphasis firmly on driving ability rather than car modification. Along with low consumable costs, this keeps the costs of running a car very much under control thus making it one of the most cost-effective ways to go racing. The large grid sizes are a testament to this low-cost formula. Affordability is a key ingredient to Caterham Graduates racing. Strict regulations allow only limited modifications and work on the sealed engine units is limited to specified engine builders. Other Caterham Championships around the world There are a large number of championships around the world both exclusively for Caterham Seven cars, and in which Caterhams compete alongside other cars. Caterham Academies have been introduced in the Netherlands, Portugal, France and other countries. References External links Caterham Cars official website Caterham Motorsport Forum for drivers Caterham Graduates Racing Club website Caterham Racing Motorsport Website Racing Category:Sports car racing	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Piet de Visser Piet de Visser may refer to: Piet de Visser (football manager) (born 1934), Dutch football manager Piet de Visser (politician) (1931–2012), Dutch politician	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Eddie López (journalist) Manuel Eduardo López Rolón a.k.a. Eddie López (1940–1971) was a Puerto Rican journalist. Early life and career Eddie López was born in Fajardo, Puerto Rico in 1940, the son of Manuel López Canals (former employee of the Department of Agriculture/Forest Service) and Teresa Rolón Perez (home maker). Brother to María Esperanza Teresa López Rolón, who was then born in 1953. He lived in Fajardo, Mayagüez, Toa Alta, Bayamón and Guaynabo where he finally settled with his wife and two boys until his death. He attended Santa Rosa High School in Bayamón, and did two years at Notre Dame University in Indiana. His first job after leaving college was at El Mundo newspaper in 1959, where he worked for two years prior to joining The San Juan Star in July 1961. He worked as a reporter until 1963 when he was named assistant city editor. In 1966 he advanced to city editor until one year later, when by his own choice he became a special writer and full-time columnist. Career in media López was the kind of rare writer who was equally successful as both a comedy and news writer. He was a script writer for Tommy Muñiz productions as well as a frequent guest on Muñiz's Esto no tiene nombre, a Puerto Rican comedy television program almost directly based on the American television program, Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In. López's first script was inspired by Orson Welles 'radio broadcast adaptation of H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds, and described the fictional uprising of Puerto Rico's outlying islands, Culebra, Monito and Mona (whose names in Spanish are also animal names), under the leadership of a mock veterinarian, played by López himself. The script was reportedly so well written that the station's general manager, Norman Louveau, was awakened later that night by law enforcement officials who had received many telephone calls from concerned citizens asking whether the uprising was real. Tommy Muñiz was forced to clear things up the following morning on another television program of his. López was also a panelist of the political debate TV show Ante la prensa, as well as the moderator for Cara a cara ante el pais, whose format is still mimicked by political debate shows in Puerto Rico, almost four decades after the show's first airing. Fluent in English and Spanish, extraordinarily well and diversely read, he frequently did translation work. As a newspaper columnist, he was perhaps better known for his "Candid Flowers" (a plausible literal translation of his main character's name "Candido Flores"). These were a series of Spanish stories that relied heavily on local slang, that he then would translate literally and word for word into English. The end result would be a hilarious short story that would only be decipherable by someone who was fluent in both languages. Eddie's love for the arts and his vast knowledge of classical music made him a well known critic of the genre. After finding out he was severely sick with cancer, and having started radiotherapy, he had an idea for a political parody, in which he could lampoon current political wrongdoings and blame it all on his gamma ray treatments. López recruited the equally talented Jacobo Morales, who had the idea of taking Eddie's newspaper parodies and blending them with previously censored TV scripts to produce a political parody stage show. Morales shared comedy duties with Horacio Olivo on Esto no tiene nombre, and was a reciting poet on Producciones Tommy Muñiz jibaro music television program, Borinquen Canta, where Silverio Pérez was host and because of this, he assembled them; Morales, Olivo and Pérez, for what they expected would be a one-time only show. Bob MacCoy, then entertainment editor for the Star suggested the title. The result was, "El efecto de los rayos gamma sobre Eddie Lopez" (“The effect of gamma rays on Eddie Lopez”, now known as Los Rayos Gamma or “Los Gamma” for short), the name being a take-on on the then-current play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds. The string of sold out shows in late 1968 turned into a sensation. Using his charismatic sense of humor, Eddie López managed to get sworn political enemies into one room and have them all laugh at themselves. The strategy worked, and some claim the show helped ease political tension in Puerto Rico. Death Eddie died in November 1971, at the rather young age of 31. His last shows were done from a wheelchair -with an oxygen tank by his side,- and his very last show occurred three days before his death. He managed to make people laugh until the end, and only felt sorry that he could not do more. In 1972, The Best of Eddie Lopez, a collection of his columns selected by Lopez himself, was published by Ediciones Puerto, Inc. with a prologue by Juan M. Garcia-Passalacqua. This collection is a great sampler of the wit and humor of this very funny man. A master of spoofs and plays on words of current events. A few of the articles especially the one entitled "Political Verbiage" is timely today. Shortly after his death, the Overseas Press Club of Puerto Rico announced that it would establish a yearly award to "most distinguished contribution to journalism" known as the Eddie López Special Award. After his death, Los Rayos Gamma would go on as scheduled per his request. "The show must go on" he insisted. Friend and fellow comedic actor, Efraín López Neris (already added to the roster) would take Eddie's place, while an empty chair would be left on stage in his honor. Eventually, "Los Gamma" became a popular TV show, and ultimately would make its way back to the stage just around each election year, this time with the help of well known comic Sunshine Logroño filling Eddie's shoes. Eddie was buried in the old San Juan cemetery, alongside Puerto Rican heroes like José de Diego, and Pedro Albizu Campos. His funeral was attended by governors, senators, colleagues, and members of the media. His satirical journalism style is still taught at the University of Puerto Rico, and his "Rayos Gamma" was left in very good hands. Notes and references Category:1940 births Category:1971 deaths Category:People from Fajardo, Puerto Rico Category:Puerto Rican journalists Category:University of Notre Dame alumni Category:University of Puerto Rico faculty	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of botanists by author abbreviation (N–O) __NOTOC__ A–M To find entries for A–M, use the table of contents above. N N.A.Br. – Nellie Adalesa Brown (1876–1956) Naczi – Robert Francis Cox Naczi (born 1963) Nadeaud – Jean Nadeaud (1834–1898) Nadson – Georgii Adamovich Nadson (1867–1939) Nägeli – Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) Naive – Mark Arcebal K. Naive (fl. 2016) Nakai – Takenoshin Nakai (1882–1952) Nash – George Valentine Nash (1864–1921) Nast – Charlotte Georgia Nast (1905–1991) Nasution – Rusdy E. Nasution (fl. 1977) Nath. – Alfred Gabriel Nathorst (1850–1921) Naudin – Charles Victor Naudin (1815–1899) Navashin – Sergei Gavrilovich Navashin (1857–1930) Náves – Andrés Náves (1839–1910) N.A.Wakef. – Norman Arthur Wakefield (1918–1972) N.Balach. – Natesan Balachandran (born 1965) N.Busch – Nicolaĭ Adolfowitsch Busch (1869–1941) N.B.Ward – Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward (1791–1868) N.C.Hend. – Norlan C. Henderson (born 1915) N.C.W.Beadle – Noel Charles William Beadle (1914–1998) N.D.Atwood – Nephi Duane Atwood (born 1938) N.E.Br. – Nicholas Edward Brown (1849–1934) Neck. – Noel Martin Joseph de Necker (1730–1793) Née – Luis Née (1734–1807) Nees – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858) Neger – Franz Wilhelm Neger (1868–1923) N.E.Gray – Netta Elizabeth Gray (1913–1970) N.E.Hansen – Niels Ebbesen Hansen (1866–1950) Nehrl. – Henry Nehrling (1853–1929) Neill – Patrick Neill (1776–1851) Neilr. – August Neilreich (1803–1871) Nel – Gert Cornelius Nel (1885–1950) Nelmes – Ernest Nelmes (1895–1959) Nelson – David Nelson (c.1740–1789) Nerz – Joachim Nerz (fl. 1994) Ness – Helge Ness (1861–1928) Nestl. – Chrétien Géofroy Nestler (1778–1832) Neubert – Wilhelm Neubert (1808–1905) Neveu-Lem. – Maurice Neveu-Lemaire (1872–1951) Nevski – Sergei Arsenjevic Nevski (1908–1938) Newb. – John Strong Newberry (1822–1892) Newc. – Frederick Charles Newcombe (1858–1927) Newman – Edward Newman (1801–1876) Newton – Isaac Newton (1840–1906) N.F.Hend. – Nellie Frater Henderson (1885–1952) N.F.Mattos – Nilza Fischer de Mattos (born 1931) N.F.Robertson – Noel Farnie Robertson (1923–1999) Ng – Francis S.P. Ng (born 1940) Ngamr. – Chatchai Ngamriabsakul (fl. 2000) N.G.Marchant – Neville Graeme Marchant (born 1939) N.G.Walsh – Neville Grant Walsh (born 1956) N.Hallé – Nicolas Hallé (born 1927) N.H.F.Desp. – Narcisse Henri François Desportes (1776–1856) N.H.Holmgren – Noel Herman Holmgren (born 1937) Nicholls – William Henry Nicholls (1885–1951) Nichols – George Elwood Nichols (1882–1939) Nickrent – Daniel L. Nickrent (born 1956) Nicolai – Ernst August Nicolai (1800–1874) Nicolson – Dan Henry Nicolson (1933–2016) Nicora – Elisa G. Nicora (1912–2001) Nied. – Franz Josef Niedenzu (1857–1937) Nielsen – Peter Nielsen (1829–1897) Nieuwenh. – A.W. Nieuwenhuis (fl. 1908) Nieuwl. – Julius Aloysius Arthur Nieuwland (1878–1936) Nikitin – Sergei Nikolaevic Nikitin (1850–1909) Nir – Mark Anthony Nir (born 1935) Nitschke – Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke (1834–1883) N.Jacobsen – Niels Henning Günther Jacobsen (born 1941) N.Jardine – Nick Jardine (born 1943) N.J.Chung – Nian June Chung (fl. 1977) N.L.Alcock – Nora Lilian Alcock (c.1875–1972) Nob.Tanaka – Nobuyuki Tanaka (fl. 2000) Noë – Friedrich Wilhelm Noë (1798–1858) Noegg. – Johann Jakob Nöggerath (Jacob Noeggerath) (1788–1877) Noerdl. (also Nördl.) – Hermann Noerdlinger (1818–1897) Noltie – Henry John Noltie (born 1957) Noot. – Hans Peter Nooteboom (born 1934) Nordal (also I.Bjørnstadt) – Inger Nordal (born 1944) Nordensk. – Nils Adolph Erik (von) Nordenskiöld (1832–1901) Nördl. (also Noerdl.) – Herman von Nördlinger (1818–1897) Nordm. – Alexander von Nordmann (1803–1866) Noronha – Francisco Noronha (1748–1788) Northr. – Alice Belle (Rich) Northrop (1864–1922) Norton – John Bitting Smith Norton (1872–1966) Nothdurft – Heinrich Wilhelm Christian Nothdurft (born 1921) Novopokr. – Ivan Vassiljevich Novopokrovsky (1880–1951) N.P.Balakr. – Nambiyath Puthansurayil Balakrishnan (born 1935) N.Pfeiff. – Norma Etta Pfeiffer (born 1889) N.P.Pratov – N. P. Pratov (born 1934) N.P.Taylor – Nigel Paul Taylor (born 1956) N.Ramesh – N. Ramesh (fl. 2000) N.Robson – Norman Keith Bonner Robson (born 1928) N.Rosén (also Rosenstein) – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein (1706–1773) N.Roux – Nisius Roux (1854–1923) N.S.Golubk. – Nina Golubkova (1932–2009) N.S.Pavlova. – N. S. Pavlova (born 1938) N.Streiber – Nikola Streiber (fl. 1999) N.Taylor – Norman Taylor (1883–1967) N.T.Burb. – Nancy Tyson Burbidge (1912–1977) N.Terracc. – Nicola Terracciano (1837–1921) N.T.Sauss. – Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (1767–1845) Nusb. – Louis Paul Gustave Alvin Nusbaumer (born 1977) Nutt. – Thomas Nuttall (1786–1859) N.W.Simmonds – Norman Willison Simmonds (born 1922) N.W.Uhl – Natalie Whitford Uhl (1919–2017) Nyár. – Erasmus Julius Nyárády (1881–1966) Nygaard – Gunnar Nygaard (1903–2002) Nyholm – Elsa Cecilia Nyholm (1911–2002) Nyl. – (Wilhelm) William Nylander (1822–1899) Nyman – Carl Frederik Nyman (1820–1893) O Oakes – William Oakes (1799–1848) O.B.Davies – Olive Blanche Davies (1884–1976) O.Berg – Otto Karl Berg (1815–1866) Oberm. – Anna Amelia Obermeyer (1907–2001) O.Bolòs – Oriol de Bolòs (1924–2007) O'Brien – James O'Brien (1842–1930) Ochoa – Carlos M. Ochoa (fl. 1952) Ochse – Jacob Jonas Ochse (1891–1970) Ochyra – Ryszard Ochyra (born 1949) O.Cohen – Ofer Cohen (fl. 1995) O.C.Schmidt – Otto Christian Schmidt (1900–1951) O.Danesch – Othmar Danesch (born 1919) O.Deg. – Otto Degener (1899–1988) O'Donell – Carlos Alberto O'Donell (1912–1954) Odyuo – Nripemo Odyuo (born 1968) Oeder – Georg Christian Oeder (1728–1791) Oerst. – Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1816–1872) O.E.Schulz – Otto Eugen Schulz (1874–1936) O.F.Cook – Orator F. Cook (1867–1949) O.Fedtsch. – Olga Alexandrowna Fedtschenko (1845–1921) O.F.Müll. – Otto Friedrich Müller (1730–1784) O.Gruss – Olaf Gruss (born 1948) O.Hoffm. – Karl August Otto Hoffmann (1853–1909) O.H.Sarg. – Oswald Hewlett Sargent (1880–1952) Ohtani – Shigeru Ohtani (fl. 1961) O.Huber – Otto Huber (born 1944) Ohwi – Jisaburo Ohwi (1905–1977) O.J.Rich. – Olivier Jules Richard (1836–1896) Okamura – Kintaro Okamura (1867–1935) Oken – Lorenz Oken (1779–1851) O.K.Mill. – Orson Knapp Miller, Jr. (1930–2006) Olde – Peter M. Olde (born 1945) Oldenl. – Henrik Bernard Oldenland (c. 1663–1699) Oldfield – Augustus Frederick Oldfield (1820–1887) Oldham – Thomas Oldham (1816–1878) Oliv. – Daniel Oliver (1830–1916) Olney – Stephen Thayer Olney (1812–1878) Oltm. – Friedrich Oltmanns (1860–1945) Omino – Elizabeth Omino (born 1962) Onions – Agnes H. S. Onions (fl. 1966) Ooststr. – Simon Jan van Ooststroom (1906–1982) Opiz – Philipp Maximilian Opiz (1787–1858) Oppenh. – Heinz Reinhard Oppenheimer (1899–1971) Orange – Alan Orange (born 1955) Orb. – Charles Henry Dessalines d'Orbigny (1806–1876) Orchard – Anthony Edward Orchard (born 1946) Orcutt – Charles Russell Orcutt (1864–1929) Ormerod – Paul Abel Ormerod (born 1969) Ornduff – Robert Ornduff (1932–2000) O.Rosenb. – Gustaf Otto Rosenberg (1872–1948) Orph. – Theodoros G. Orphanides (1817–1886) Orr – Matthew Young Orr (1883–1953) Ortega – Casimiro Gómez Ortega (1740–1818) Ortgies – Karl Eduard Ortgies (1829–1916) Ortmann – Anton Ortmann (1801–1861) Osbeck – Pehr Osbeck (1723–1805) Osborn – Arthur Osborn (1878–1964) O.Schneid. – Oskar Schneider (1841–1903) O.Schwarz – Otto Karl Anton Schwarz (1900–1983) Oshio – Masayoshi Oshio (born 1937) Oshite – Kei Oshite (born 1919) Osipian – Lia Levonevna Osipian (born 1930) Ósk. – Ingimar Óskarsson (1892–1981) Osner – George Adin Osner (born 1888) Osorio – Héctor S. Osorio (1928–2016) Ospina – Hernandez Mariano Ospina (born 1934) Ossa – José Antonio de la Ossa (died 1829) Osswald – Louis Osswald (1854–1918) Ossyczn. – V. V. Ossycznjuk (born 1918) Ostapko – V. M. Ostapko (born 1950) Osten – Cornelius Osten (1863–1936) Ostenf. – Carl Hansen Ostenfeld (1873–1931) Osterh. – George Everett Osterhout (1858–1937) Osterm. – Franz Ostermeyer (died 1921) Osterw. – Adolf Osterwalder (1872–1948) Osterwald – Karl Osterwald (1853–1923) Östman – Magnus Östman (1852–1927) Østrup – Ernst Vilhelm Østrup (1845–1917) Osvač. – Vera Osvačilová (born 1924) Oterdoom – Herman John Oterdoom (fl. 1994) Otth – Carl Adolf Otth (1803–1839) Otto – Christoph Friedrich Otto (1783–1856) Ottol. – Kornelius Johannes Willem Ottolander (1822–1887) Oudejans – Robertus Cornelis Hilarius Maria Oudejans (born 1943) Oudem. – Cornelius Anton Jan Abraham Oudemans (1825–1906) Oudney – Walter Oudney (1790–1824) Ovcz. – Pavel Nikolaevich Ovczinnikov (1903–1979) Overeem – Casper van Overeem (de Haas) (1893–1927) Owen – Maria Louisa Owen (1825–1913) O.Yano – Olga Yano (born 1946) O.Zacharias – Emil Otto Zacharias (1846–1916) P–Z To find entries for P–Z, use the table of contents above. * 1	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Natore-2 Natore-2 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Md. Shafiqul Islam Shimul of the Awami League. Boundaries The constituency encompasses Natore Sadar Upazila and Naldanga Upazila. History The constituency was created in 1984 from a Rajshahi constituency when the former Rajshahi District was split into four districts: Nawabganj, Naogaon, Rajshahi, and Natore. Members of Parliament Elections Elections in the 2010s Shafiqul Islam Shimul was elected unopposed in the 2014 general election after opposition parties withdrew their candidacies in a boycott of the election. Elections in the 2000s Elections in the 1990s References External links Category:Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh Category:Natore District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Momoe Malietoa Von Reiche Momoe Malietoa Von Reiche is a Samoan poet, artist, sculptor, photographer. She was born in Samoa and was educated in Samoa and New Zealand. Her published books of poetry are Solaua, a Secret Embryo (1974), Pao Alimago on Wet Days (1979), Alaoa, above the Gully of Your Childhood (1986) and Tai, the Heart of a Tree (1989). Von Reiche writes in English. She belongs to the "later phase" of South Pacific poetry, whereby her perception of reality is through an individual rather than communal viewpoint. Her poems have been described as "lyrical". A prominent theme in her poetry is the sexist abuse of power. Literary critic Tiffin has noted the use of "words deliberate, carefully chosen, hard hitting" in such poems of hers. Personal relationships are another recurrent theme in her works, and a quest for love and belonging features. Critics have noted some "autobiographical" elements in her poetry, with several of her poems being described as "vignettes which capture transitory moments of tenderness, compassion, jealousy and anger". She runs an art gallery named M.A.D.D. in Moto'otua. Here, she organises dance and drama programmes, as well as creative writing programmes for children. She also illustrates children's books. She has organised creative writing workshops in Tokelau under the University of South Pacific, inspiring young Tokelauan writers, most of them women. These workshops led to the publication of a collection of works from nine Tokelauans in 1992, titled Nuanua in Tokelau. References Category:20th-century Samoan poets Category:Samoan women poets Category:Samoan artists Category:20th-century women writers Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lisie Jamy, Podkarpackie Voivodeship Lisie Jamy (, Lysi Yamy) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubaczów, within Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately south-east of Lubaczów and east of the regional capital Rzeszów. The village has a population of 1,187. References Lisie Jamy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2018 BBVA Open Ciudad de Valencia – Singles Irina Bara was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Paula Badosa Gibert. Badosa Gibert went on to win the title, defeating Aliona Bolsova Zadoinov in the final, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Bottom half References Main Draw BBVA Open Ciudad de Valencia - Singles	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Denis Houf Denis Houf (16 February 1932 – 7 December 2012) was a Belgian international footballer who played as a midfielder. Career Born in Fléron, Houf played club football for Standard Liège. He earned a total of 26 caps for Belgium between 1954 and 1961, and participated at the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He died on 7 December 2012 in Liège. References Category:1932 births Category:2012 deaths Category:People from Fléron Category:Belgian footballers Category:Belgium international footballers Category:1954 FIFA World Cup players Category:Association football midfielders Category:Standard Liège players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Neoregelia mooreana Neoregelia mooreana is a plant species in the genus Neoregelia. This species is native to Ecuador. References Catalogue of Vascular Plants of Ecuador Retrieved 12 October 2009 mooreana Category:Flora of Ecuador	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Emil Nielsen Lasse Emil Nielsen (; born 8 November 1993), simply known as Emil Nielsen, is a Danish professional footballer for Lyngby Boldklub in the Danish Superliga. Career Growing up in Store Merløse, Nielsen started playing for local side, MUK before being signed to the youth academy of FC Roskilde. After making the first team, he helped Roskilde reach promotion to the Danish second tier during the 2013–14 season. He featured regularly for the club, ending the season with a staggering 34 goals, making him the topscorer of the division. On 7 July 2014, Nielsen joined Norwegian Eliteserien club Rosenborg. After making only five appearances for Rosenborg in his first season, Nielsen joined AGF on 31 August 2015 on a one-year loan deal with the option for a permanent contract. His time in Aarhus was marred by injuries and he only made four appearances during the season, scoring one goal. At the end of the season, AGF did not pick up the buy option and he returned to Rosenborg. Upon his return, Rosenborg-coach Kåre Ingebrigtsen expressed that, considering the club's strength at the winger position, it would be difficult for Nielsen to find his way into the squad, and that a solution had to be found. On 17 August 2016, Nielsen rejoined Danish 1st Division club FC Roskilde on a two-year contract, hoping to refind his old form after only making 15 total appearances in two seasons. His time in Roskilde was a success, and in his final season in the club he scored 20 goals in 29 appearances. His performances earned him the 2019 Danish 1st Division Player of the Year Award. On 27 June 2019, Nielsen joined Lyngby Boldklub one a three-year contract. Career statistics Club Honours Individual Danish 2nd Division top scorer: 2013–14 (33 goals) Danish 1st Division top scorer: 2018–19 (20 goals) [joint with Ronnie Schwartz] References External links Emil Nielsen on DBU Category:Living people Category:1993 births Category:Danish footballers Category:Denmark youth international footballers Category:FC Roskilde players Category:Rosenborg BK players Category:Lyngby Boldklub players Category:Aarhus Gymnastikforening players Category:Eliteserien players Category:Danish 1st Division players Category:Danish 2nd Division players Category:Danish expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Norway Category:Danish expatriate sportspeople in Norway Category:Association football forwards	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Žemaitkiemis Žemaitkiemis (literally: Garden of Samogitians; ) is a town in Ukmergė district, Lithuania. It is located north-east of Ukmergė. The Neo-Baroque Church of Saint Casimir was built in 1902. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 261 people. Town's coat of arms, adopted in 2017, feature the Žemaitkiemis meteorite that fell near the town in 1933. References Category:Towns in Lithuania Category:Towns in Vilnius County Category:Vilkomirsky Uyezd Category:Ukmergė District Municipality	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nicole Koolhaas Nicole Koolhaas (born 31 January 1991) is a Dutch volleyball player, who plays as a Center. She was a member of the Women's National Team. She plays for CSM București . She participated in the 2010 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, 2014 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2015 Montreux Volley Masters , 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2016 FIVB World Grand Prix, 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, 2017 Montreux Volley Masters, 2017 Women's European Volleyball Championship, and 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League. References External links FIVB profile https://elteevolley.com/player/nicole-koolhaas/ https://www.cev.eu/Competition-Area/PlayerDetails.aspx?TeamID=9733&PlayerID=7839&ID=837 Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch women's volleyball players Category:Dutch expatriates in France Category:Dutch expatriates in Italy Category:Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Romania Category:Dutch expatriates in Sweden Category:Dutch expatriates in Switzerland Category:People from Hoorn Category:Expatriate volleyball players in Romania Category:European Games competitors for the Netherlands Category:Volleyball players at the 2015 European Games Category:Middle blockers Category:Expatriate volleyball players in France Category:Expatriate volleyball players in Italy Category:Expatriate volleyball players in Switzerland Category:Expatriate sportspeople in Sweden	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Freud: The Secret Passion Freud: The Secret Passion, also known as Freud, is a 1962 American biographical film drama based on the life of the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, directed by John Huston and starring Montgomery Clift as Freud. The original script was written by Jean-Paul Sartre, but Sartre withdrew his involvement in the film after disagreements with Huston, and his name was removed from the credits. The film was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. Plot This pseudo-biographical movie depicts Sigmund Freud's life from 1885 to 1890. At this time, most of his colleagues refused to treat hysteric patients, believing their symptoms to be ploys for attention. Freud, however, learns to use hypnosis to uncover the reasons for the patients' neuroses through his mentor and friend Josef Breuer. His main patient in the film is a young woman who refused to drink water and is plagued by a recurrent nightmare. The story compresses the years it took Freud (Montgomery Clift) to develop his psychoanalytic theories into what seems like a few months. Nearly every neurotic symptom imaginable manifests itself in one patient, Cecily Koertner (Susannah York). She is sexually repressed, hysterical, and fixated on her father. Freud works extensively with her, developing one hypothesis after another. Also shown is Freud's home life with his wife Martha (Susan Kohner), with whom he alternately discusses his theories, and patronizes when she reads one of his papers. Cast Montgomery Clift ... Sigmund Freud Susannah York ... Cecily Koertner Larry Parks ... Dr. Joseph Breuer Susan Kohner ... Martha Freud Eileen Herlie ... Frau Ida Koertner Fernand Ledoux ... Dr. Charcot David McCallum ... Carl von Schlossen Rosalie Crutchley ... Frau Freud David Kossoff ... Jacob Freud Joseph Furst ... Herr Jacob Koertner Alexander Mango ... Babinsky Leonard Sachs ... Brouhardier Eric Portman ... Dr. Theodore Meynert John Huston ... Narrator (voice) Victor Beaumont ... Dr. Guber Allan Cuthbertson ... Wilkie Maria Perschy ... Magda Moira Redmond ... Nora Wimmer Production history In 1958, John Huston decided to make a film about the life of the young Sigmund Freud, and asked Jean-Paul Sartre to write a summary of a projected scenario. Sartre submitted a synopsis of 95 pages, which was accepted, but later completed a finished script that, if filmed, would have amounted to a running time of five hours, which Huston considered far too long. Huston suggested cuts, but Sartre submitted an even longer script of eight hours, justifying the even longer version by saying, "On peut faire un film de quatre heures s'il s'agit de Ben Hur, mais le public de Texas ne supporterait pas quatre heures de complexes" ("We can make a film of four hours in the case of Ben Hur, but the Texas public couldn't stand four hours of complexes."). Huston and Sartre quarrelled, and Sartre withdrew his name from the film's credits. Nevertheless, many key elements from Sartre's script survive in the finished film, for instance the creation of a composite patient, Cecily, who combines features of Freud's patients Anna O., Elisabeth von R., Dora, et al. Background The film heavily compresses events, cases and acquaintances early in Freud's career, spanning from his work at the Vienna General Hospital under Theodor Meynert during the mid-1880s, through his research into hysteria and his seduction theory along with Breuer, up until his development of infantile sexuality and the Oedipus complex around the turn of the century that became the basis for his fundamental Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, first published in 1905. The character of Cecily Körtner is based upon a number of early patients of Freud's, most heavily drawing on the Anna O. case but also Dora and others. Similarly, the character of Josef Breuer and his role as mentor and friend in Freud's life as portrayed by Larry Parks is in fact a combination of the real Breuer with Wilhelm Fliess. Reception Critical reception {{quote\|... it's a fascinating attempt to mix a traditional biopic with more experimental elements, such as rather surreal dreams sequences.As director John Huston's voiceover suggests, it's a film that's less interested in Freud himself than the possibilities of unlocking the human mind and how that can be shown on screen – how can you portray the ideas of psychology on screen? As a result it plays fast and loose with history in favour of trying to uncover what Freud's ideas mean. It is an interesting and entertaining movie, with a great central performance from Montgomery Clift.\| Tim Isaac (Big Gay Picture Show)\|Freud (DVD)<ref>Isaac, Tim (2012). [http://www.biggaypictureshow.com/bgps/2012/04/freud-dvd/ Freud (DVD)], Big Gay Picture Show, April 23, 2012</ref>}} Accolades Freud was nominated for two Academy Awards at the 35th Academy Awards: Best Original Screenplay (lost to Divorce Italian Style), and Best Original Score (lost to Lawrence of Arabia). Among other awards, the film was also nominated for 4 Golden Globe Awards: Best Motion Picture - Drama, Best Motion Picture Actress - Drama (Susannah York), Best Motion Picture Director (John Huston), and Best Supporting Actress (Susan Kohner). Reception in France Élisabeth Roudinesco comments that Freud: The Secret Passion, "did not have any success. And yet the black and white photography of Douglas Slocombe recaptures superbly the baroque universe of fin de siècle Vienna. As for Montgomery Clift, he portrays an anguished, somber and fragile Freud, closer to the James Dean of Rebel without a Cause than to the mummified figure imposed by the official historians of psychoanalysis: a character, in any event, more Sartrean than Jonesian. The work was distributed to the movie houses of Paris at the beginning of June 1964, two weeks before Lacan's foundation of the Ėcole freudienne de Paris. It went completely unnoticed by the psychoanalysts of Paris, who failed to find in it the hero of their imagination." Sartre did not see the film. Soundtrack The mostly dissonant, atonal score to Freud was one of the earliest works by composer Jerry Goldsmith. It garnered Goldsmith his first Oscar nomination, which he lost to the score Lawrence Of Arabia that was done by fellow rookie composer Maurice Jarre, who, like Goldsmith, would go on to become one of the film industry's most successful and respected composers. The "Main Title" from Freud, as well as the tracks Charcot's Show and Desperate Case were later purchased and reused without consent of Goldsmith by director Ridley Scott for the acid blood scene and others in the film Alien (1979), also scored by Goldsmith. Home media Having previously been unavailable in a home media format, Freud: The Secret Passion was eventually released in the UK by Transition Digital Media in a 1.78:1 letter-boxed, non-anamorphic 4:3 format, on a Region 2 DVD edition on April 23, 2012. See also List of American films of 1962 References Further reading Holland, Norman N. (1994). John Huston, Freud, 1962 (adapted essay from an earlier version published in How to See Huston's Freud: Perspectives on John Huston'', Ed. Stephen Cooper. Perspectives on Film Series. New York: G. K. Hall, 1994. 164-83.) External links "Huston, Sartre and the Freud Scenario - The story behind Sartre and Huston's "collaboration" on the script for "Freud" ''Freud: The Secret Passion at Rotten Tomatoes Category:1960s historical films Category:1962 films Category:American black-and-white films Category:American biographical drama films Category:American historical films Category:English-language films Category:1960s biographical drama films Category:American films Category:Films directed by John Huston Category:Cultural depictions of Sigmund Freud Category:Cultural depictions of Josef Breuer Category:Films scored by Jerry Goldsmith Category:Films set in the 1880s Category:Films set in 1890 Category:Films set in Vienna Category:Biographical films about physicians Category:Films featuring hypnosis	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Syrian Archaeological Heritage Under Threat Syrian Archaeological Heritage Under Threat, also known as Syrian Archaeological Heritage in Danger, Patrimoine Syrien or Le patrimoine archéologique syrien en danger () is a cultural heritage activist group that runs a Facebook page documenting the damage to Syrian and World Heritage during the Syrian Civil War. The group was founded by Ali Othman and is led by several Syrian and European archaeologists including Ghayad Daoud, Shaker al Shbib and Taysir al Halebi. The spokesman for the group is Spanish archaeologist Rodrigo Martin, who remarked about the damage being done during the conflict "If this continues, the situation will be like in Iraq, it could mean that a heritage that is of great importance for the whole world destroyed." The group is not entirely based in Syria, coordinating with colleagues and other sources inside to post photographs and reports. The Facebook page compiles a list of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian Civil War and the aim of the group is to make the world pay greater attention to the heritage catastrophe likely to occur in the area and disseminate information about it. References External links Le patrimoine archéologique syrien en danger Facebook page (Archived and Internet Archive) Category:History organizations based in Syria Category:Heritage organizations Category:Historic preservation organizations Category:Archaeology of Syria Category:Cultural heritage	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Seelampur subdivision Seelampur subdivision is one of the subdivisions of North East Delhi,Delhi,India. References Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Émile Paladilhe Émile Paladilhe (3 June 1844 – 6 January 1926) was a French composer of the late romantic period. Biography Émile Paladilhe was born in Montpellier. He was a musical child prodigy, and moved from his home in the south of France to Paris to begin his studies at the Conservatoire de Paris at age 10. He became an accomplished pianist, and was the youngest winner of the Prix de Rome, three years after Bizet, in 1860. For a time Galli-Marié was his lover, and she helped create some of his works. Paladilhe married the daughter of the librettist Ernest Legouvé. He formed a friendship with the elderly Charles Gounod. Works He wrote a number of compositions for the stage, a symphony, over a hundred mélodies, piano works, and a wide range of sacred music, including cantatas, motets, masses, chorales, and a noted oratorio, Les Saintes-Marie de la mer. His opera Patrie! of 1886 was his greatest success, and was one of the last grand operas to premiere at the Paris Opéra. It was a piece d'occasion, created for a gala in honour of the French colony in Monaco, but had a Flemish-nationalist theme. The librettists were Victorien Sardou and Louis Gallet A few of Paladilhe's works for solo woodwind and solo voice are still performed today, the most notable being his Solo pour hautbois, alternatively titled Solo de concert, written in 1898. Operas La fiancée d'Abydos, 1864–66, fragments Le passant, opéra-comique in one act, (F. Coppée), first performed (f.p.) Opéra-Comique, 24 April 1872 L'amour africain, opéra-comique in two act, (E. Le Gouvé), f.p. Opéra-Comique, 8 May 1875 Suzanne, opéra-comique in 3 acts, (de Lockroy & Cormon), f.p. Opéra-Comique, 30 December 1878 Diana, opéra-comique in 3 acts, (Regnier & Normand), f.p. Opéra-Comique, 23 February 1885 Patrie!, grand opera in 5 acts, (Sardou & Gallet), f.p. Opéra de Paris (Palais Garnier), 16 December 1886 Vanina, opéra in 4 acts, (Legouvé & Gallet), composed 1890 (unperformed) Dalila, opéra in 3 acts, (Feuillet et Gallet), composed 1896 (unperformed) References External links Classical Archives site Musica et Memoria : Émile Paladilhe (in French) Category:1844 births Category:1926 deaths Category:People from Montpellier Category:Conservatoire de Paris alumni Category:French classical composers Category:French male classical composers Category:French opera composers Category:Male opera composers Category:Prix de Rome for composition Category:French composers of sacred music Category:Pupils of Antoine François Marmontel Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Category:Members of the Académie des beaux-arts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Taereung station Taereung Station is a transfer station on Line 6 and Line 7 in Seoul, South Korea. The station is located near the entrance of Taereung Shrine. The station is also located near Taereung International Rifle Range, which is located in Pureundongsan Amusement Park. Station layout Line 6 Line 7 Gallery Category:Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations Category:Metro stations in Nowon District Category:Railway stations opened in 1996	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Walker House (Mineral Point, Wisconsin) The Walker House is an inn and restaurant in Mineral Point, in Iowa County, Wisconsin. It is one of the oldest inns in the state. History The house was built in 1836 and did a brisk business for many years, serving as a meeting house for people from all over the region. On November 1, 1842, a public hanging took place at the Walker House when William Caffee was executed for shooting another man in an argument. The hanging was a strange affair, with the condemned man being brought to the inn astride his coffin, beating out the tune of a funeral march with empty beer bottles. In 1957, the inn closed its doors and stood vacant for over seven years, abandoned to vandalism. In 1964, the building was purchased by Ted Landon, who was intent on restoring the place to its former glory. In 1974, the tavern and inn re-opened. However, things did not go well for Landon and his partners. In 1978, they sold the inn to Dr. David Ruf, who placed the management of the place in the hands of Walker Calvert. The current owners are Dan and Kathy Vaillancourt. References External links Walker House Category:Houses in Iowa County, Wisconsin	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Glossolalia debate The Glossolalia debate () was a literary debate on modernist poetry in Norway in the 1950s. The debate started with Arnulf Øverland's nationwide touring with the speech Tungetale fra Parnasset () in 1953, characterizing modernist literature as babble and nonsense. His talk was published in Arbeiderbladet in 1954, and resulted in a fierce debate. Among the defenders of modernist poetry were Odd Solumsmoen, Olav Dalgard and Paal Brekke, while poet and literary critic André Bjerke joined Øverland's criticism. The glossolalia debate was discussed in the literary magazine Profil in 1968. References Category:Norwegian literature Category:Modernism Category:Literary debates	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Association for the Protection of Mixed Families' Rights The Association for the Protection of Mixed Families Rights (AMF) was established in 1999 as a grassroots organization by members of interfaith families in order to help integrate and promote the rights of inter-married couples and their descendants in Israel. AMF address the legal challenges presented by the Law of Return and manages programs which include a hotline for people in three languages providing them with information regarding their religious classification and assistance with legal and bureaucratic issues that affect civil status as well as advocacy and lobbying. The association has also conducted sociological surveys concerning mixed families and held conferences based on the Naturalization and integration challenges for mixed families. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20110227015509/http://www.mixedfamilies.org.il/english/index.php Category:Legal organizations based in Israel Category:Jewish marital law	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jūrmala Airport Jūrmala Airport is an airport located in the Engure parish, Latvia, southeast of Tukums. All of the airport's technical infrastructure, runway and buildings are what was left of the former Soviet military Tukums air base, which was a spartan military airfield with a single long ramp and revetted area. The base was completely abandoned, but in 2010 the conversion of the base to a civil airport with passenger terminals started. History The aviation history in the area starts in early 1930s, when the first hangar and workshop were constructed. During World War II an airfield was built for German Luftwaffe. After the war it was operated by the Soviet Navy, flying Su-24 (Fencer) aircraft operated by 668 MShAP (668 мшап, 668th Naval Shturmovik Aviation Regiment) . Another source gives 240 MShAP (240th Naval Shturmovik Aviation Regiment). In the spring of 1993 the airfield was recognized as Reserve Airfield of Tukums (RAT) of the Latvian Air Forces. Since July 31, 2001 the Tukums airfield belonged to Smārde parish. On March 15, 2005 Tukums Airport Ltd. was established. In 2005–2006 renovation of the runway and in 2009–2010 construction of the passenger terminal has started. In 2011 ILS and VOR/DME installation and light-signal system certification has been completed. Accidents and incidents On 2008, prior to the Tukums Air Show, YL-CCX (cn 31-647) a Piper PA-31-310 Navajo, was flown on a Visual flight rules (VFR) flight from Riga-Spilve airport to the Tukums Air Show in deteriorating weather. The aircraft crashed near Tukums killing the pilot and injuring seven student pilots who were passengers on the aircraft. References Category:Engure Municipality Category:Latvian airbases Category:Soviet Naval Aviation bases	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Karlsruher Grat The Karlsruher Grat is a mountain ridge approximately 400 m long, situated near Ottenhöfen in the Black Forest. An alpine route with a climbing section passes along it. It is considered the only via ferrata in the Northern Black Forest. Location The Karlsruher Grat is situated in the nature reserve Gottschlägtal-Karlsruher Grat to the East of Ottenhöfen and southward of the Hornisgrinde in the Northern Black Forest. The nature reserve reaches from the western falls of the Melkerei and Vogelkopf at 400 meters up to 830 meters above sea level to the East. There the street Kreisstraße 5370, leading from Oppenau to Kloster Allerheiligen to the Schwarzwaldhochstraße, marks the border to the national park Black Forest and to the nature reserve Schliffkopf. The ridge runs at about 750 meters above the Gottschläg valley. Name The name Karlsruher Grat, which means ridge in German, was not the initial name. The entire mountain ridge was once called Eichhalden Ridge because of its resemblance to a roof ridge. When the ridge became a popular attraction for the climbers from the local area, mainly from Karlsruhe region, and the first fatal cases were reported, in 1926, the Ottenhöfen municipality named it in honour of the Karlsruhe victims. Geology The rocks and ridge, which forms the Karlsruher Grat, consists of quartz porphyry, specifically the Grünberg-quartz porphyry of the Geisberg Formation, which was formed around 290 million years ago by the cooling of the magma which filled a 4 km long and 750m wide crevasse. In some areas, traces of the magma flow are still visible. The granite of the ground rock and the quartz porphyry, which eroded much later, were covered with thick deposits of river sediments, strata of red sandstone. The harder and thus more resilient porphyry formed a ridge (the Karlsruher Grat) as a result of erosion, while the other, softer rocks dissipated. Via Ferrata The via ferrata is usually done starting in Ottenhöffen, and leads along the ridge from West to East over the often rough but hardwearing Porphyry rocks. Some sections of the alpine route are demanding and in some places exposed, but -compared to alpine via ferratas- arent secured with metal ropes or standing aids. The Karlsruher Grat is accessible via the Schwarzwaldhochstraße, but is mostly started from the walkers carpark at the Edelfrauen Waterfalls in Ottenhöfen. The path leads from the walkers carpark after the grovel works into the gorge of the Gottschlägbach, past a cave next to the Edelfrauengrab and countless waterfalls and then gradually uphill. Always straying to the left of the hillside, it then strikes left from a wide wood-fellers path further to the back of the gorge ad then onto the ridge itself. On top, signs reading "Kletterpartie" lead the way. From the Bosensteiner Eck one follows the blue route downhill to the west and after a few hundred meters one is confronted with the first Porphyry rocks. The route is not marked, meaning one can mold the route itself to ones skill set, staying close or straying away from the ridge. Steady feet and a calm head are a necessity for a successful attempt. One should also avoid the ridge after wet weather. The route usually requires around half and hour to one full hour, dependent on ones skill set. A small forest path with which one can steer away from the harder parts of the ridge is more suitable for beginners. Apart from the via ferrata climbing is only aloud on one particular part of the ridge: the Eichhaldenfirst. Locations nearby Near the Karlsruher Grat are in the direction of Ottenhöfen: the Granit Walls of the Brente Schofen with a pleasant view over Ottenhöfen and the Gottschlägbach-Waterfalls. Legend has it that here, the wife of the lord of the castle of Bosenstein, was caved in alive. And in the direction of Oppenau: the ruin of the monastery of Allerheiligen and its waterfalls. All of these destinations can be combined with the Karlsruher grat to equal a walk of about 15 kilometers. Literature Otto F. Geyer, Manfred Gwinner, Matthias Geyer, Edgar Nitsch und Theo Simon: Geologie von Baden-Württemberg. 5th edition, 627 p, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 2011, . Category:Mountains of Germany Category:Pages translated from German Wikipedia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
David Lyme David Lyme (born Jordi Cubino Bermejo, 22 November 1966, Spain), also known as Jordi Cubino, is a Spanish singer, songwriter, and model. He is one of the pillars of the so-called "Sabadell Sound"(named after the Spanish city of Sabadell), a variant of the Italo disco made in Spain, which became popular in Europe in the 1980s. Originally, he started out singing opera, but later discovered Italo disco by "accident". In 1985, he released his first single "Bambina", under Max Music and it became so successful that he soon released two more singles ("Let's Go To Sitges" & "Playboy"), followed by the release of his debut album, Like a Star. The album contains eight songs including two ballads, a new version of "Bambina", as well as the hit singles "Bye Bye Mi Amor" and "I Don't Wanna Lose You". Those singles were popular in various countries across Europe, but most popular in Japan & the Philippines. In 1988, he released his second album, Lady, which included the singles "Never Say You Love Me" and "Lady". His singles are included in the compilation series Max Mix, including Max Mix 2 ("Let's Go To Sitges"), Max Mix 3 ("Bambina"), Max Mix 4 ("Playboy"), Max Mix 5 ("Bye Bye Mi Amor" & "I Don't Wanna Lose You"), and Max Mix 6 ("Never Say You Love Me"). In 1990, David Lyme left Max Music and joined the label Blanco Y Negro (a competitor at the time for Max Music). He then released the single "Perestroika". However, it was less successful than his previous singles. This led to the end of David's singing career. Despite the collapse of his singing career, he now owns a recording studio. He produces and writes music for other artists. He also writes songs for TV commercials for companies such as Coca-Cola and Chupa Chups. A compilation of his singles were released by Sony Music in 2004. Discography Albums Like a Star (1986) Lady (1988) Singles "Bambina" (1985) "Let's Go To Sitges" (1985) "Playboy" (1986) "I Don't Wanna Lose You" (1986) "Bye Bye Mi Amor" (1987) "Never Say You Love Me" (1988) "Lady" (1988) "Perestroika" (1990) References Official Website Biography Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Spanish male singers Category:Eurodisco musicians Category:Spanish Italo disco musicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Corban Joseph Corban Reece Joseph (born October 28, 1988) is an American professional baseball second baseman for the Chicago Cubs organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, Oakland Athletics, San Francisco Giants, and Pittsburgh Pirates. Career Joseph attended Franklin High School in Franklin, Tennessee, where he played for the high school baseball team. In his sophomore year, he was named All-Midstate for baseball. In his senior year, he batted .510 with 15 home runs and 58 runs batted in (RBIs) for Franklin and was named Midstate Player of the Year. He committed to attend the University of Kentucky to play for the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team after his high school graduation in 2008. New York Yankees Joseph was drafted by the New York Yankees in the fourth round, with the 140th overall selection, of the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft out of Franklin High School. He signed with the Yankees on June 10. Joseph joined the Rookie-level Gulf Coast Yankees. In 2009, he played for the Class-A Charleston RiverDogs, where he named the South Atlantic League's player of the month for July and a post-season all-star third baseman despite playing just 37 games at third. He began the 2010 season with the Tampa Yankees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he had a .302 batting average, six home runs and 52 RBIs before he was promoted to the Trenton Thunder of the Class AA Eastern League in August. Joseph spent the entire 2011 season with the Thunder. He was added to the Yankees 40 man roster on November 18, 2011. In 2012, he played for the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees of the Class AAA International League. After starting the 2013 season with Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, the Yankees promoted Joseph on April 30, when they placed Kevin Youkilis on the disabled list. However, he was optioned to the minors two days later without appearing in a game. The Yankees recalled Joseph on May 13 as the 26th man in a doubleheader against the Cleveland Indians, starting him at first base during the first game and second base in the second game. During the second game of the doubleheader, Joseph got his first career base hit. He was then optioned back to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre after the doubleheader. Joseph was outrighted off the Yankees roster on November 20, 2013. He was released by the Yankees on August 27, 2014. 2015–2017 seasons On November 19, 2014, he signed a minor league deal with the Atlanta Braves. He was released by the Braves on June 2, 2015. On June 16, 2015, Joseph signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles. He elected free agency on November 7, 2016. On November 19, 2016, he agreed to terms with the Washington Nationals on a minor league deal with an invitation to spring training, although he was reassigned to minor league camp on March 13, 2017. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. Baltimore Orioles On February 19, 2018, Joseph signed a minor league deal with the Orioles. Joseph was recalled to the majors on June 15 and started at first base, it was his first major league appearance in over five years. He was optioned to the AAA Norfolk Tides on June 20. He was designated for assignment on June 29. He had his contract purchased again on September 7, 2018. He was outrighted on November 1, then resigned a minor league deal on November 5. Oakland Athletics The Oakland Athletics selected Joseph in the minor league phase of the Rule 5 draft at the 2018 Winter Meetings. Joseph played for the Las Vegas Aviators of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. On August 14, the Athletics promoted Joseph to the major leagues. He hit his first major league home run on August 15. On September 1, Joseph was designated for assignment. San Francisco Giants On September 3, 2019, Joseph was claimed off waivers by the San Francisco Giants. On September 14, the Giants designated Joseph for assignment. Pittsburgh Pirates On September 16, 2019, Joseph was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates. Joseph was outrighted off the Pirates roster on October 25 and elected free agency on October 31. Chicago Cubs On January 31, 2020, Joseph signed a minor league deal with the Chicago Cubs. Personal life Joseph's brother, Caleb, has also played in MLB. Caleb was also selected in the 2008 draft; he was chosen by the Baltimore Orioles in the seventh round. They played together with the Orioles in 2018. Their father, Mark, played college baseball for Lipscomb. See also Rule 5 draft results References External links Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:People from Franklin, Tennessee Category:Baseball players from Tennessee Category:Major League Baseball first basemen Category:New York Yankees players Category:Baltimore Orioles players Category:Oakland Athletics players Category:San Francisco Giants players Category:Pittsburgh Pirates players Category:Gulf Coast Yankees players Category:Charleston RiverDogs players Category:Tampa Yankees players Category:Trenton Thunder players Category:Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players Category:Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players Category:Mississippi Braves players Category:Bowie Baysox players Category:Norfolk Tides players Category:Phoenix Desert Dogs players Category:Syracuse Chiefs players Category:Harrisburg Senators players Category:Las Vegas Aviators players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Electoral district of Dromana Electoral district of Dromana was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1967 to 2002. Members for Dromana Election results References Category:Former electoral districts of Victoria (Australia) Category:1967 establishments in Australia Category:2002 disestablishments in Australia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sean Kilgannon Sean Kilgannon (born 8 March 1981) is a Scottish former footballer, who played for several clubs. He started his career at Premier League side Middlesbrough, where he made one appearance as a substitute against Newcastle United. References External links Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Scottish footballers Category:Middlesbrough F.C. players Category:Ross County F.C. players Category:Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players Category:Partick Thistle F.C. players Category:Raith Rovers F.C. players Category:Forfar Athletic F.C. players Category:Sportspeople from Stirling Category:Premier League players Category:Scottish Premier League players Category:Scottish Football League players Category:Scottish Junior Football Association players Category:Association football midfielders Category:Camelon Juniors F.C. players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hindenburg Range The Hindenburg Range is a mountain range in the remote North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, stretching from the Star Mountains to the east. The Hindenburg Wall escarpment leads up to the range. References Category:Mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Level structure In the mathematical subfield of graph theory a level structure of an undirected graph is a partition of the vertices into subsets that have the same distance from a given root vertex. Definition and construction Given a connected graph G = (V, E) with V the set of vertices and E the set of edges, and with a root vertex r, the level structure is a partition of the vertices into subsets Li called levels, consisting of the vertices at distance i from r. Equivalently, this set may be defined by setting L0 = {r}, and then, for i > 0, defining Li to be the set of vertices that are neighbors to vertices in Li − 1 but are not themselves in any earlier level. The level structure of a graph can be computed by a variant of breadth-first search: algorithm level-BFS(G, r): Q ← {r} for ℓ from 0 to ∞: process(Q, ℓ) // the set Q holds all vertices at level ℓ mark all vertices in Q as discovered Q' ← {} for u in Q: for each edge (u, v): if v is not yet marked: add v to Q' if Q' is empty: return Q ← Q' Properties In a level structure, each edge of G either has both of its endpoints within the same level, or its two endpoints are in consecutive levels. Applications The partition of a graph into its level structure may be used as a heuristic for graph layout problems such as graph bandwidth. The Cuthill–McKee algorithm is a refinement of this idea, based on an additional sorting step within each level. Level structures are also used in algorithms for sparse matrices, and for constructing separators of planar graphs. References Category:Graph theory objects	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball {{Infobox college basketball team \| name = Iowa State Cyclones \| current = 2019–20 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team \| logo = Iowa State Cyclones logo.svg \| logo_size = 150 \| university = Iowa State University \| firstseason = 1907 \| record = 1382–1323 () \| conference = Big 12 \| location = Ames, Iowa \| coach = Steve Prohm \| tenure = 5th \| arena = Hilton Coliseum \| capacity = 14,384 \| studentsection = Cyclone Alley \| nickname = Cyclones \| h_body = FDC82F \| h_pattern_b = _thinsidesonwhite \| h_shorts = FDC82F \| h_pattern_s = _blanksides2 \| a_body = 822433 \| a_pattern_b = _thingoldsides \| a_shorts = 822433 \| a_pattern_s = _thingoldsides \| NCAAchampion = \| NCAAfinalfour = 1944 \| NCAAeliteeight = 1944, 2000 \| NCAAsweetsixteen = 1986, 1997, 2000, 2014, 2016 \| NCAAroundof32 = 1986, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017 \| NCAAtourneys = 1944, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 \| conference_tournament = 1996, 2000, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019 \| conference_season = 1935, 1941, 1944, 1945, 2000, 2001}} The Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The team is coached by Steve Prohm, who is in his 5th year at Iowa State. The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus. History Early years (1908–1980) From 1907 to 1928, the Cyclones played in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association, managing a few winning records in-conference but no championships. In 1929, the Cyclones moved to the Big Six Conference and named Louis Menze as head coach. Over the next 19 years, Menze would lead the Cyclones to four conference championships (their only seasons with a winning conference record in this period). Two of these teams earned consideration for the then eight-team NCAA Tournament; the 1941 squad lost in a pre-Tournament "qualifying game" to Creighton. Three years later, the 1944 team beat Pepperdine to reach the semifinals in the tournament proper before losing its next game against eventual champion Utah, good for a spot in history as a Final Four participant. After Menze's last conference win in 1945 and subsequent resignation as coach in 1947 (he would remain Iowa State's athletic director until 1958, having taken the position in 1945), the Cyclones floated between the bottom and the middle of the conference for decades, their main claim to fame being two wins of the conference's annual "Holiday Tournament", played between Christmas and New Year's Day in Kansas City, in 1955 and 1959. Neither these tournament wins, nor their regular season performances, qualified the Cyclones for postseason play in the 33 years between Menze's and Johnny Orr's stints in the head coaching position. However, the 1957 Cyclones were ranked #3 in the nation after handing Wilt Chamberlain's #1 Kansas its first loss. Gary Thompson outscored Chamberlain, while Don Medsker held Chamberlain to a career low in scoring and then hit the game winner at the buzzer. No. 3 remains the school's highest-ever national ranking. From the introduction of the Big Eight's postseason tournament in 1977 until Johnny Orr's fifth season in 1985, the Cyclones did not advance past their first game. In 1971, Maury John left Drake University to move to Iowa State. John led Drake to the 1969 NCAA Final Four and the Elite Eight in 1970 NCAA Tournament and 1971 NCAA Tournament. John inherited an Iowa State team that was 5-21 the previous season. John was excited about the new Hilton Coliseum and led Iowa State to a 12-14 record in 1971-1972 and a 16-10 record in 1972-1973, a 15 year best. On Dec. 2, 1971, in the first game played at Hilton Coliseum, John led the Cyclones to a victory over Arizona 71-54. Said Cyclone announcer Eric Heft, a player for Coach John: "The place was sold out for the Arizona game and we doubled the capacity of season tickets from the season before. We didn't have all the fanfare you have today, but it was packed. It was my first game and Maury John's first game as the head Cyclone coach as well." In the 1973-74 season, Iowa State was off to a 4-1 start. But, John sat out the remainder of the 1973-74 season after a cancer diagnosis. Assistant Gus Guydon (11-10) finished the season. In October 1973, John had seen a doctor after having health concerns. Two months later, on the day his Iowa State team lost at Drake, John was told he had an inoperable malignant tumor at the base of his esophagus. "It was a bolt out of the blue for someone who lived his life free of smoking or drinking," His son John said later. "There was high stress. But he was always healthy." John was optimistic about returning to Iowa State in 1974-75, but his health worsened and he resigned on July 30, 1974. John said "It's going to be hard for me not to be on that bench. I won't have to sweat out all those games down on the floor. But truthfully, I'd rather be down there sweating them out." John died on October 15, 1974 at the age of 55. During a 28‐year coaching career, John had a 528-214 record. Johnny Orr era (1980–1994) Johnny Orr came to Iowa State from Michigan in 1980. Iowa State's athletics director had called Orr to inquire about Michigan assistant Bill Frieder. When Orr learned of the salary Iowa State would offer Frieder, he negotiated the Iowa State head coaching job for himself. Orr is credited with building "Hilton Magic" and laying the foundation for Iowa State's success in men's basketball. A number of Cyclone greats played for Orr, including Jeff Grayer, Barry Stevens, walk-on Jeff Hornacek, Lafester Rhodes, Justus Thigpen, Victor Alexander, Fred Hoiberg, Julius Michalik, and Loren Meyer, many of whom would go on to success in the NBA. Orr's first team (1980–81), led by junior forward Robert Estes (14.9 points per game, 6.7 rebounds per game) produced a lackluster 9–18 record. Freshman forward Ron Harris, whom Orr considered his first prominent Cyclone recruit, contributed per-game averages of 13.7 points and 5.9 rebounds. Led by sophomore Ron Harris and freshman recruit Barry Stevens of Flint, Michigan, Orr's 1981–82 team finished the season with a 10–17 overall record and a 5–9 record in Big Eight play. Harris gave the Cyclones 13.3 points per game, while Stevens contributed 13.0 points per game. Senior Robert Estes added 10.3 points per game. The Cyclones improved to a 13–15 overall record in the 1982–83 season, but again finished 5–9 in conference play. Many of the Cyclone faithful regard sophomore Barry Stevens' buzzer-beating shot against 10th-ranked Missouri during the 1982–83 season as the foundational example of "Hilton Magic." Stevens tallied per-game averages of 16.8 points and 5.2 rebounds for the season. Ron Harris contributed 14.3 points per game. Orr's 1983–84 team recorded the first winning season of his tenure at Iowa State—and the first winning season for Cyclone basketball since Lynn Nance's 1977–78 team finished 14–13—with a 16–13 overall mark and a 6–8 record in conference play. The Cyclones played in the 1984 National Invitation Tournament (NIT), losing to Marquette in the first round. Junior forward Barry Stevens averaged 22.2 points per game on the season. Seniors Terrence Allen and Ron Harris each averaged 11.0 points per game. Led by senior Barry Stevens and freshman forward Jeff Grayer, natives of Flint, Michigan known at Iowa State as "The Flintstones", the 1984–85 Cyclones finished tied for third in conference play (7–7) and finished 21–13 overall. Iowa State advanced to the NCAA Tournament for the first time under Orr and for just the second time in the history of the program. The Cyclones, the #13 seed in the Midwest Region, lost to #4 seed Ohio State by a score of 75–64. ISU managed to upset 10th-ranked Kansas twice during the regular season. Stevens averaged 21.7 points per game. Junior guard Jeff Hornacek recorded 12.5 points per game, and Grayer averaged 12.2 points and 6.5 rebounds on the season. Despite the departure of two-time first-team All-Big Eight forward Stevens, the 1985–86 campaign saw First-team All-Big Eight players Grayer and Hornacek lead the Cyclones to their most successful season yet under Orr. Iowa State finished with a 22–11 overall mark and a 9–5 record and second-place finish in conference play. The Cyclones advanced to the NCAA Tournament in consecutive years for the first time in school history. With wins over #10 seed Miami (Ohio) and #2 seed Michigan, the #7 seed Cyclones reached the "Sweet Sixteen" before falling to #6 seed North Carolina State, 70–66. Grayer led the Cyclones with per-game averages of 20.7 points and 6.3 rebounds. Hornacek averaged 13.7 points per game. The Cyclones upset 5th-ranked Oklahoma and 4th-ranked Kansas during the regular season. The 1986–87 Cyclones finished with a 13–15 overall record and a 5–9 record in Big Eight play, missing postseason tournament competition for the first time in four seasons. Grayer (now a junior) averaged 22 points and 7 rebounds per game, while senior Tom Schafer averaged 18 points and 6 rebounds. Despite their struggles, the 1986–87 Cyclones managed wins over two ranked teams (15th-ranked Kansas and 12th-ranked Oklahoma). Orr's 1987–88 Cyclones rebounded from the losing season of the prior year to finish 20–12 overall and 6–8 in conference play, including wins over #2 Purdue, #7 Iowa, #16 Kansas, and #15 Missouri. Iowa State returned to the NCAA Tournament, losing 90–78 to #5 seed Georgia Tech in the first round. The Cyclones were led by senior and three-time first-team All-Big Eight forward Jeff Grayer and senior Lafester Rhodes, who averaged 25 and 22 points per game, respectively. The 1988–89 Cyclones finished the season 17–12 overall and 7–7 in conference play, including a victory over third-ranked Missouri in Hilton Coliseum. The Cyclones advanced to their fourth NCAA Tournament under Orr, losing 84–74 to #7 seed UCLA in the first round. Sophomore Victor Alexander averaged 20 points and 9 rebounds per game on the season. Sophomore Mark Baugh averaged 13.3 points per game, while Sam Mack contributed per-game averages of 11.8 points and 8.1 rebounds. Following the loss of key players to attrition and legal problems in the offseason, the 1989–90 Cyclones finished 10–18 overall and 4–10 in conference play, marking the Cyclones' second-worst season under Orr. Only Orr's 1980–81 team, his first at ISU, had finished with a worse overall record. Junior Victor Alexander averaged 19.7 points and 8.7 rebounds per game. Senior guard Terry Woods averaged 16 points per game. The 1990–91 season saw the Cyclones finish with an overall record of 12–19 and a conference record of 6–8. Despite their poor overall performance, the Cyclones managed wins over two ranked teams (#12 Oklahoma State and #21 Oklahoma). Senior Victor Alexander averaged 23.4 points per game and 9.0 rebounds per game, while senior Doug Collins averaged 14.3 points per game. Iowa State's fortunes improved during the 1991–92 season, with the Cyclones finishing 21–13 overall (5–9 in conference play) and earning the #10 seed in the East Region of the NCAA Tournament. The Cyclones defeated #7 seed UNC Charlotte in the opening round before losing 106–98 to #2 seed Kentucky in the round of 32. Iowa State recorded wins over #16 Iowa, #21 Oklahoma, #2 Oklahoma State, #3 Kansas, and #13 Missouri during the regular season. Junior Justus Thigpen led the team with 16.3 points per game, while junior Ron Bayless averaged 12.6 points per game. Freshmen Julius Michalik and Fred Hoiberg averaged 13.6 and 12.1 points per game, respectively. Iowa State finished the 1992–93 season with a 20–11 overall record and a second-place 8–6 record in conference play. The Cyclones advanced to their sixth and final NCAA Tournament under head coach Johnny Orr, losing in the first round to #9 seed UCLA, 81–70. Iowa State managed victories over #12 Oklahoma and #7 Kansas during the regular season. Seniors Justus Thigpen and Ron Bayless led the team with 17.6 points and 13.3 points per game, respectively. Sophomore Julius Michalik and Ames native and sophomore Fred Hoiberg contributed 12.0 and 11.6 points per game, respectively. In the 1993–94 campaign—Orr's final season as Iowa State men's basketball head coach—the Cyclones posted a 14–13 overall mark and a 4–10 record in conference play. ISU was led by a trio of juniors—Loren Meyer, Fred Hoiberg, and Julius Michalik, each of whom averaged over 20 points per game on the season. Orr retired from coaching in 1994. He remains the winningest coach in Iowa State history (in terms of total wins), with a win-loss record of 218–200 as the head coach of the Cyclones. Tim Floyd era (1994–1998) Following Johnny Orr's retirement, Iowa State hired Tim Floyd from the University of New Orleans to become the next men's basketball head coach. Floyd's first ISU team recorded a 23–11 overall mark and a 6–8 mark in conference play, and advanced to the second round of the 1995 NCAA Tournament by beating Florida, 64–61, before losing 73–51 to #2 seed North Carolina. Senior Fred Hoiberg averaged 19.9 points per game. Seniors Loren Meyer and Julius Michalik averaged 15.7 points and 9.0 rebounds per game and 14.3 points and 5.4 rebounds per game, respectively. Following the graduation of four starters from the 1994–95 Cyclones, Tim Floyd replenished his roster with several junior college and Division I transfers. Four of the 1995–96 team's starters had not been part of the ISU roster during the prior season, with sophomore point guard Jacy Holloway being the lone exception. Dedric Willoughby transferred to Iowa State from the University of New Orleans, and Kenny Pratt, Shawn Bankhead, and Kelvin Cato each transferred from junior colleges to play for the Cyclones. The 1995–96 Cyclones finished with a 24–9 overall record, a second-place 9–5 conference record, and the final Big Eight tournament championship—the first conference tournament championship in Cyclone basketball history—with a 56–55 victory over Roy Williams' Kansas Jayhawks. Iowa State earned the #5 seed in the Midwest Region of the NCAA Tournament, the then-highest seed achieved in ISU men's basketball history. The Cyclones defeated #12 seed California 74–64 in the first round of the Tournament; Rick Majerus' #4 seed Utah Utes defeated ISU 73–67 in the second round. Dedric Willoughby averaged 20.5 points per game on the season. Kenny Pratt averaged 15.3 points and 6.5 rebounds per game, while Kelvin Cato contributed per-game averages of 9.6 points and 7.7 rebounds. The 1996–97 Cyclones returned all five starters from the previous season's Big Eight tournament championship and NCAA Tournament team. Iowa State finished with a 22–9 overall record and a 10–6 conference mark in the inaugural season of the Big 12 Conference. The Cyclones would advance to the third NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen in Iowa State men's basketball history with victories over Illinois State and Cincinnati, before falling in a 74–73 overtime loss to UCLA. Senior Dedric Willoughby averaged 18.9 points per game for the season, and seniors Kenny Pratt and Kelvin Cato averaged 14.7 points and 6.1 rebounds per game and 11.3 points and 8.4 rebounds per game, respectively. Tim Floyd's 1997–98 Cyclones finished the season with a 12–18 overall record and a 5–11 conference record. Freshman forward Marcus Fizer averaged 14.9 points and 6.7 rebounds per game, and Klay Edwards contributed per-game averages of 9.3 points and 7.7 rebounds. Following the season, Floyd left Iowa State to replace Phil Jackson as the head coach of the Chicago Bulls. Larry Eustachy era (1998–2003) Iowa State hired Larry Eustachy from Utah State to fill the head coaching position vacated by Tim Floyd. In his first season, Eustachy led the Cyclones to 15–15 overall record and a 6–10 record in Big 12 play. Sophomore Marcus Fizer averaged 18 points and 7.6 rebounds per game. Michael Nurse and Martin Rancik both averaged 10.3 points per game. Following his first season, Eustachy gained the services of two guards, Jamaal Tinsley and Kantrail Horton, via transfer. The 1999–2000 Cyclones returned Marcus Fizer, Martin Rancik, Michael Nurse, and Stevie Johnson from the previous season's team. Iowa State finished the season 32–5 overall, setting a school record for wins in a season. The Cyclones finished 14–2 in conference play to earn the outright Big 12 Conference regular season championship—the sixth regular season conference title in the program's history, and the first since 1945. The Cyclones then defeated Oklahoma 70–58 in the Big 12 basketball tournament finals to win the Big 12 conference tournament championship, the second conference tournament title in ISU men's basketball history. The #2 seed Cyclones advanced to the Elite Eight of the 2000 NCAA Tournament after wins over #15 seed Central Connecticut State, #7 seed Auburn, and #6 seed UCLA by 10, 19, and 24 points, respectively, but ultimately fell to Michigan State, the eventual NCAA Champion, in the regional finals by a score of 75–64 (the differential representing the Spartans' narrowest margin of victory during the tournament). It was the Cyclones' deepest NCAA Tournament run in the modern era. The Big 12 champion Cyclones were led in scoring by All-American forward and eventual fourth pick of the 2000 NBA Draft Marcus Fizer, who averaged 22.8 points per game and 7.7 rebounds per game. Michael Nurse and first team All-Big 12 guard Jamaal Tinsley contributed 12.5 points and 11 points per game, respectively. Despite the departure of Marcus Fizer to the NBA, Eustachy's 2000–01 Cyclones, led by returning senior and eventual All-American guard Jamaal Tinsley and senior Kantrail Horton, managed a 25–6 overall record and a 13–3 record in conference play, earning a second consecutive Big 12 regular season championship. Iowa State earned a #2 seed in the NCAA Tournament, but the Cyclones' season ended with a stunning 58–57 defeat at the hands of #15 seed Hampton. Iowa State became just the fourth #2 seed to lose to a #15 seed since the expansion of the Tournament field to 64 teams in 1985. Jamaal Tinsley led the team in scoring with 14.3 points per game. Martin Rancik and freshman Jake Sullivan added 13.2 points per game and 11.4 points per game, respectively. The 2001–02 Cyclones produced the worst overall men's basketball record since the 1990–91 season, finishing 12–19 overall record and 4–12 in conference play. Tyray Pearson averaged 18.7 points and 7.8 rebounds per game. Jake Sullivan and Shane Power contributed per-game averages of 16 points and 13.6 points, respectively. The 2002–03 Cyclones finished with a 17–14 overall record and a 5–11 conference record. ISU accepted an invitation to the NIT. The Cyclones defeated Wichita State in the opening (play-in) round, but fell 54–53 to Iowa in the first round. Jake Sullivan led the team in scoring with 17 points per game. Jackson Vroman contributed 12.5 points and 9.4 rebounds per game. Junior point guard Tim Barnes averaged 11.3 points per game. Following the 2002–03 season, pictures surfaced showing Larry Eustachy at a student party in Columbia, Missouri. Eustachy attended the party just hours after his team had lost to Missouri. Though Eustachy broke no laws, he did violate a conduct clause in his contract, which led to Eustachy's public admission of alcoholism. Eustachy subsequently resigned on May 5, 2003, receiving a $960,000 settlement from Iowa State. Wayne Morgan & Greg McDermott era (2003–2010) In 2004 Iowa State reached the NIT semifinals under Wayne Morgan with wins over Georgia, Florida State, and Marquette, before falling to Rutgers. In 2005 Iowa State reached the NCAA Tournament and defeated the University of Minnesota in a 1st-round game, losing to eventual national champion the University of North Carolina. Both teams were led by Curtis Stinson and NBA Draft pick Will Blalock. Morgan's won-lost record from 2003–2006 was 55–39. Morgan was replaced by Greg McDermott, who previously coached at Northern Iowa. During McDermott's tenure, he recruited Craig Brackins, Michael Taylor, Justin Hamilton, Diante Garrett and Wes Johnson, all of whom would eventually play in the NBA. In 2010, McDermott resigned to accept the head coaching position at Creighton. From 2006–2010 Greg McDermott recorded a won lost record of 59–68 with no NCAA appearances. He was replaced by Fred Hoiberg. Fred Hoiberg era (2010–2015) On April 27, 2010, it was announced that Fred Hoiberg, a star at Iowa State in the early and mid-1990s, would become the 19th coach in the history of the Iowa State men's basketball program. In his first season at Iowa State, Hoiberg led a team with only four returning players to a 16–16 record. In his second season, Iowa State had a much deeper team with players such as Royce White, Chris Babb, and others now eligible to play after sitting out the previous year due to transfer rules. The Cyclones improved to 23–11, had 12 wins in the conference, and earned a #8 seed in the South Regional in the 2012 NCAA Tournament, earning Hoiberg Big 12 Co-Coach of the Year honors. The Cyclones defeated the #9 seed and defending national champion Connecticut Huskies before falling to overall #1 seed and eventual champion Kentucky. In Hoiberg's third season, the Cyclones earned a #10 seed and defeated #7 Notre Dame to advance to the Round of 32. It was the first year the Cyclones had been to the NCAA Tournament in back-to-back years since 2000–2001, and the first time the Cyclones had won Tournament games in successive seasons since 1996–1997. Hoiberg entered his fourth season at Iowa State by guiding the team to its best start to a season with a 14–0 undefeated non-conference record before suffering its first loss to Big 12 rival Oklahoma, 87–82, on January 11, 2014, in Norman. The winning streak included victories over #7 Michigan and #23 Iowa, plus wins over George Mason, Akron, and Boise State to capture the Diamond Head Classic in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Cyclones entered the Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament with a 23–7 mark. After a close call with Kansas State in the quarterfinals, Iowa State faced Kansas in the semifinals, the only team it had not beaten at least once all year to that point. ISU emerged victorious this time, beating the Jayhawks, 94–83. Iowa State went on to beat Baylor in the Big 12 championship game, 74–65, for its first conference tournament title since 2000. The Cyclones earned a #3 seed in the East Regional of the 2014 NCAA Tournament and defeated their first opponent, North Carolina Central, 93–75. Another close call came next in the third-round game against North Carolina, with ISU prevailing, 85–83. The Cyclones advanced to the Sweet Sixteen for the first time since 2000, and lost to #7 seed Connecticut, 81–76 (the differential representing the Huskies' narrowest margin of victory during the tournament), the eventual national champion. This marked the third time in their last four trips to the NCAA Tournament that the Cyclones lost to the eventual national champions (2005 North Carolina, 2012 Kentucky, and 2014 Connecticut.) In 2014–15, Hoiberg's Cyclones finished the season with a 25–9 overall record and 12–6 in the Big 12, finishing second to Kansas in the conference regular season. ISU defeated Texas, 69–67, Oklahoma, 67–65, and Kansas, 70–66, in the championship to win its second straight Big 12 Conference Tournament championship. Invited to the NCAA Tournament for the fourth consecutive year, the #3 seed Cyclones were upset by #14 seed UAB, 60–59, in the first round. The Cyclones finished the season ranked ninth in the final AP poll. After several weeks of speculation, Fred Hoiberg was hired on June 2, 2015 by the NBA's Chicago Bulls to be their head coach. Steve Prohm era (2015–present) On June 8, 2015, Iowa State announced that Steve Prohm, previously the head coach at Murray State for four seasons, would become the 20th head coach of the Cyclones. After the departure of Fred Hoiberg, Prohm retained Assistant Coach T.J. Otzelberger and Assistant Coach Director of Basketball Operations Micah Byars on his staff, while making the additions of Assistant Coach William Small (formerly under Prohm as an assistant at Murray State), Assistant Coach Daniyal Robinson (formerly on staff at Loyola (IL)), and Special Assistant to the Head Coach Neill Berry, who was previously on staff at High Point, and played for Prohm in college at Southeastern Louisiana. Prohm's first season was a success with a few bumps along the way. The Cyclones finished the regular season 10–8 in conference play and 21–10 overall, this included wins over No. 1 Oklahoma and No. 4 Kansas. The Cyclones then received a No. 4 seed in the NCAA Tournament. After wins over Iona and Arkansas–Little Rock they advanced to the Sweet Sixteen where they lost to Virginia. After the conclusion of the season Otzelberger accepted the head coaching job at South Dakota State, Neill Berry was promoted to assistant coach. On February 4, 2017, Iowa State won at No. 3 Kansas, ending the longest active home win streak in NCAA men's college basketball at 54 games. Iowa State became the first team to beat Bill Self more than once at Allen Fieldhouse. The Cyclones then proceeded to win their third conference tournament title in four years with wins over Oklahoma State, TCU and West Virginia. The Cyclones were selected as a five seed in NCAA tournament where they proceeded to beat the University of Nevada in the tournament's second round. Iowa State would eventually lose to 4-seed Purdue in the round of 32, 80–76. After a down 2017-2018 season, in 2018-2019 the Cyclones went 23-12, and 9-9 in the Big 12 conference. They faced Baylor in the first round of the Big 12 Tournament, winning 83-66. They next beat number 1 seed Kansas State, 63-59. They played Kansas in the Big 12 Championship and won 78-66 behind the hustle and will that the Cyclones had. . They were a 6 seed in the NCAA Tournament. They played Ohio State, who was a 11 seed. They ended up losing 62-59. On March 26, Iowa State announced that Steve Prohm’s contract had been extended through 2025, while sophomore forward Cameron Lard requested a transfer from the school, citing the need for a fresh start. Coaching records Season records {\| Championships All-time records Record vs. Big 12 opponents Current Big 12 opponents Former Big 12 opponents Record versus Iowa schools Records vs Iowa schools as of the end of January 1, 2019. Postseason tournament history Denotes eventual tournament Champion NIT results Iowa State has appeared in the National Invitational Tournament three times. They have a record of 4–3. Seeds NCAA Tournament Conference Tournament seeds Big Eight ConferenceBig 12 Conference Pageantry and traditions Team name The original "Cyclone" football team first played during 1895. This team earned the nickname "Cyclones" when they soundly defeated Northwestern, 36–0. The Chicago Tribune the next day headlined the story about the game with "STRUCK BY A CYCLONE — It Comes From Iowa and Devastates Evanston Town." Since then the name Cyclones has been associated with Iowa State. Mascot Borrowing from one of its school colors, Iowa State uses a cardinal, Cy, as its mascot instead of an actual tornado or Cyclone. Prior to the football match-up against Colorado on November 12, 2005, a tornado touched down in several places in and around Ames, Iowa, forcing fans to either weather the storm outside in the parking lot or seek shelter in the adjacent Bergstrom Indoor Training Facility or nearby Hilton Coliseum. Such an atmosphere was created that Iowa State was able to beat the favored Buffaloes, 30–16. When asked about the event, Colorado coach Gary Barnett said, "I thought we had a pretty good mascot. But when we showed up at Iowa State and they had a real tornado, that's the real deal." Rivalries Iowa While the Kansas Jayhawks are the Cyclone's main basketball rival, Iowa State's biggest non-conference rival is the Cyclone's in-state rival the Iowa Hawkeyes. This rivalry game counts toward the Iowa Corn Cy-Hawk Series that encompasses all athletic competitions between Iowa and Iowa State. The series began in 1909–10, but it was suspended between 1935–1970. As of the 2018–19 season, Iowa leads the all-time basketball series 45–27. Hy-Vee Classic In the Hy-Vee Classic, Iowa State has played other in-state rivals from the Missouri Valley Conference at a neutral site in Des Moines, on an alternating basis each December since the 2012–13 season: Drake in even years and Northern Iowa in odd years. As of the 2018–19 season, Iowa State has a 38–13 lead in the all-time series against Northern Iowa (going 2–1 in the series thus far in Hy-Vee Classic games). Also as of that season, Iowa State has a 110–65 all-time series lead over Drake (including a 3–0 series lead in Hy-Vee Classic games). Facilities Hilton Coliseum James H. Hilton Coliseum is a 14,384-seat multi-purpose arena in Ames, Iowa. The arena, which is part of the Iowa State Center, opened in 1971. It is home to the Iowa State Cyclones basketball, wrestling, gymnastics, and volleyball teams. The building was specifically built to hold in sound with a solid concrete structure, steel doors, and a crowd that sits just a few feet from the court. During big games, players from opposing teams, as well as Iowa State, have even said that the floor has shaken due to the loudness of the crowd. A record basketball crowd of 15,000 saw the Cyclones post a 97–94 win over Iowa in 1971. Hilton Magic is the atmosphere created by the fans at Hilton Coliseum during men's and women's basketball games. The now famous moniker for Iowa State's home basketball facility was coined by Des Moines Register'' writer Buck Turnbull on February 14, 1989, after the Cyclones (with Johnny Orr as coach) stunned third-ranked Missouri, 82–75. The morning newspaper included a headline that read "Hilton Magic Spells 'Upset' One More Time." In the article, Turnbull called for more Hilton Magic in an upcoming game with Oklahoma State. Cyclone fans responded and ISU defeated the Cowboys, 90–81, and a nickname was born. According to many sources, Hilton Coliseum is considered one of the toughest venues to play in the nation. Sukup Basketball Complex Opened in September 2009, Iowa State's new basketball practice facility is located on two acres of land (in west Ames) that was donated by a local developer, Dickson Jensen. The $8 million, facility, includes two separate 10,000-square-foot gymnasiums for both the men's and women's basketball programs, as well as separate lounges and locker rooms, a theater room, a medical treatment area, and coaches' offices and conference rooms. Hixson-Lied Student Success Center The $10 million Hixson-Lied Student Success Center was designed for improving academic achievement campus-wide, with the second floor devoted specifically to student athletes. The facility was built using private contributions. Since its completion in 2006, Iowa State student athletes have dramatically improved in the classroom and now have a higher average grade point average than the rest of the student body. Current staff & team NBA Draft As of the conclusion of the 2019 NBA draft, 40 Cyclone players have been selected in the NBA Draft in the history of the program. Of these, nine players were selected in the first round, and eleven were selected in the second round. Individual accomplishments All-Time Cyclone scoring leaders All-Time Cyclone rebounding leaders All-Time Cyclone assist leaders Cyclone All-Americans First Team All-Conference selections Retired Jerseys Rankings ^Coaches did not release a Week 1 poll. AP does not release post-NCAA Tournament rankings See also Iowa State Cyclones women's basketball References External links *	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
David Voas David Voas (born 1955) is a quantitative social scientist. He is currently Professor of Social Science and Head of the Department of Social Science at the UCL Institute of Education. He was previously Professor of Population Studies at the University of Essex and Simon Professor of Population Studies at the University of Manchester. Voas is on the executive committee of the European Values Study and is co-director of British Religion in Numbers, an online centre for British data on religion. He serves on the council of the International Society for the Sociology of Religion and on the editorial boards of the British Journal of Sociology and the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. His research concerns religious change and value change in modern societies, the intergenerational transmission of religion and values, and attitudes of and towards ethno-religious minorities. Early life David Voas was born in the United States. His father is Robert B. Voas, a psychologist who had a key role in selecting and training the first group of NASA astronauts and in recent decades has been a leader in policy research on alcohol and highway safety. David Voas left the US at the age of 15 to attend Atlantic College, an international school in South Wales. He subsequently received bachelor's and master's degrees from London School of Economics and a PhD from Cambridge. Career Voas worked in the private sector for a number of years and also spent extended periods outside the UK, particularly in France, the United States, and Bulgaria. Academic career He returned to academic life in 1998, first as a researcher at the University of Liverpool and subsequently as a lecturer at the University of Sheffield. He was awarded a Simon Research Fellowship at the University of Manchester in 2003 and remained there for eight years, first in the Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research and later in the Institute for Social Change. In 2007, he was promoted to professor and given a chair in the Institute for Social Change, later merged into the Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research. Voas was Professor of Population Studies in the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex from November 2011 to January 2016. He took up his present position at UCL in February 2016. References Category:Living people Category:British sociologists Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge Category:Academics of the University of Manchester Category:1955 births Category:People educated at Atlantic College	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wiere Brothers Harry Wiere (23 June 1906 in Berlin, German Empire – 15 January 1992), Herbert Wiere (27 February 1908 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary – 5 August 1999) and Sylvester Wiere (17 September 1909 in Prague, Austria-Hungary – 7 July 1970), known collectively as the Wiere Brothers or the Three Wiere Brothers, were a comedy team who appeared in 1930s and 1940s films, and as live performers from the 1920s to the late 1960s. History The Wiere Brothers were vaudeville performers who occasionally appeared in films and television. Their films include Hands Across the Border in 1944 with Roy Rogers, Road to Rio in 1947 with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby, and Double Trouble in 1967 as three detectives on the hunt for Elvis Presley. In 1962, the Wiere Brothers had their own television series called, Oh! Those Bells, that aired on CBS. The show was created by Jules White who had previously directed the Three Stooges, Buster Keaton and Andy Clyde in short-subject films for Columbia Pictures. Oh! Those Bells included a lot of slapstick comedy but only 13 episodes were aired. The team was still appearing on television in 1970 on shows such as The Merv Griffin Show and Laugh-In and were still touring the same year. But after Sylvester's death in July 1970, Harry and Herbert Wiere discontinued their act. Harry Wiere did make one appearance on the TV series Bionic Woman in 1976 as the Tipsy Man. One of their popular acts of the 1960s involved the three brothers playing the violin, guitar and bass fiddle, and Mildred Seymour, their accompanist, performing a classical piece on the grand piano. Herbert would try to do a serious number on the violin but would get frustrated with his brothers' hillbilly antics. With a shrug, Herbert would stop playing and decide to balance the violin on his chin. Harry would then notice Herbert's accomplishment and would take the guitar and balance it on his chin. This left Sylvester smiling blandly at the audience, still plucking his bass fiddle. When Sylvester sees Herbert and Harry balancing their instruments on their chins, he would do a long take, turning from his brothers to his huge bass fiddle and then back at them. Then, finally Sylvester would lift the bass fiddle in the air and balance it on his chin for the finale. The Wiere Brothers stage performances offered a blend of classical European musical tradition and the lively, often comic spirit of the American west. They appeared in four royal variety performances for the queen of England. Inga Wiere, a sister of Herbert, Harry and Sylvester Wiere, was married to dancer Jon Zerby. Together they were known as The Dancing Zerbys, a successful nightclub act in the 1940s and 1950s. Actress and dancer Kim Darby is their daughter. Films Variety Hour (1937) Vogues of 1938 (1937) The Great American Broadcast (1941) Swing Shift Maisie (1943) Hands Across the Border (1944) Showboat Serenade (1944) Take It or Leave It (1944) (includes clip from The Great American Broadcast) Road to Rio (1947) Double Trouble (1967) Television Ford Festival (1951) Toast of the Town aka The Ed Sullivan Show (1953) The Bing Crosby Special (1954) The Colgate Comedy Hour (1955) Producers' Showcase: Rosalinda (1956) Toast of the Town aka The Ed Sullivan Show (1957) The Garry Moore Show (1959) The Dinah Shore Chevy Show (1960) The Perry Como Show (1960) Oh! Those Bells (CBS) (1962) (13 episodes) The Hollywood Palace (1964) The Sammy Davis Jr. Show (1966) Rowan and Martin's Laugh In (1969) The Bionic Woman: Mirror Image (NBC) (1976) (Harry Wiere appears as Tipsy Man) Jerry Lewis show-1958 Oh, Those Bells! "Forget Me Nuts" (March 8, 1962) "Unfriendly Friendship Club" (March 15, 1962) "Murder in the Jungle" (March 22, 1962) "Money Mix-Up" (also known as "Movie Money") (March 29, 1962) "Seal of Approval" (April 5, 1962) "Too Many Spooks" (April 12, 1962) "Monkey Sitters" (April 19, 1962) "The Wallet" (April 26, 1962) "Ma Scarlet" (May 3, 1962) "Short Change" (May 10, 1962) "Mexican Holiday" (May 17, 1962) "Scratched Fender" (May 24, 1962) "Camping Trip" (May 31, 1962) Notes External links Oh, Those Bells! Category:American comedy troupes Category:Show business families Category:Vaudeville performers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ZBTB7A Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBTB7A gene. Interactions ZBTB7A has been shown to interact with BCL6. See also Zbtb7 References Further reading External links Category:Transcription factors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Franco Marais Franco Stephan Marais (born 23 September 1992) is a South African rugby union player for in the English Premiership. His usual position is hooker. In March 2018 it was announced that Marais would join Premiership Rugby side Gloucester for the 2018–19 season. References Category:Living people Category:1992 births Category:South African rugby union players Category:Sharks (Currie Cup) players Category:Sharks (rugby union) players Category:Rugby union hookers Category:South Africa Under-20 international rugby union players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Andrew Ernemann Andrew Ernemann (born April 20, 1976 in Aspen, Colorado) is a former alpine ski racer. He is now retired from international competition and lives in Aspen, Colorado. He owns a real estate consulting firm called Ernemann Real Estate Advisors, and is a real estate agent at Aspen Snowmass Sotheby's International Realty in Aspen/Snowmass. Biography Ernemann won the Junior National Overall and Downhill titles in 1995, at the U.S. Alpine Championships in Snowbasin and Park City, Utah. He competed as a member of the U.S. Alpine Ski Team during the 1997-98 season, following a number of years racing for various regional and national development squads. Ernemann competed all over North America, Europe and Australia. Andrew Ernemann went on to graduate Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Colorado in 2000 with a degree in Psychology. After working for Janus Capital in Denver, Ernemann went on to receive a master's degree from Stanford University in 2003 (Civil Engineering - Construction Engineering and Management). Following his graduate studies, he was recruited by McKinsey & Company's Los Angeles office, where he worked from 2004 to 2005. Ernemann returned to Aspen in 2005 and works in the real estate sales, consulting and development field. He is often quoted in various media outlets for his real estate analytics and reports. Andrew currently serves on the board of the Aspen Valley Ski Club, and is a former President of the Aspen Board of Realtors. Andrew was awarded the top honor of Realtor of the Year in 2013 for the Aspen/Snowmass area. He is married to Ashley Cockrill Ernemann (they both attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire), and they have two sons, Tillar Haviland Ernemann and Cornell Frederich Ernemann. Career Highlights 1995 U.S. Alpine Championships in Snowbasin and Park City, Utah: 14th in the Downhill (Gold Medal for Juniors) 1995 U.S. Alpine Championships in Snowbasin and Park City, Utah: Gold Medal, Overall Junior 1995 Rocky/Central Junior Olympics in Steamboat Springs, Colorado: Gold Medal in the Downhill and Overall References Category:American male alpine skiers Category:1976 births Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pittosporum gomonenense Pittosporum gomonenense is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia. References gomonenense Category:Endemic flora of New Caledonia Category:Endangered flora of Oceania Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
David Kalvitis __NOTOC__ David Kalvitis is an artist, graphic designer, puzzle inventor, and owner of Monkeying Around, publisher of his collections of dot-to-dot-puzzles. Born in Poughkeepsie, New York, Kalvitis is the eldest of three children. He currently resides in Rochester, New York. Kalvitis is a graduate of Syracuse University, where he earned a Fine Arts degree in Editorial Design. During his senior year, he placed second in the International Print Magazine Cover Design Contest. After running his own graphic design business in Rochester for 13 years, Kalvitis began his publishing career with the creation of The Greatest Dot-to-Dot Books in the World in 2000. Since 2000 Kalvitis has published 18 hand-designed puzzle books, which have received numerous awards by parenting, educational, and toy organizations. Bernie DeKoven, of Major Fun!, awarded Monkeying Around the Major Fun! Award saying, "in all of his work, it’s [the] quality of the drawings themselves that makes the fun so major: always surprisingly masterful, and deeply satisfying when you complete them – satisfying enough to...color them in." He goes on to say, "it’s not just dot-to-dot, it’s dot-to-OMG-to-dot...There’s a puzzle where you connect the coordinates and another where instead of dots you have words, and you connect them alphabetically." The Toy Man heralds Kalvitis books as tapping into "Creative Expression...Gross [and] Fine Motor Skills...Cognitive...[and] Language development for children of all ages. Monkeying Around has been dedicated to offering innovative dot-to-dot products that delight and entertain children and adults of all ages. On September 8, 2017, Kalvitis participated in the Parkway 100 We Are Connected Centennial Celebration in Philadelphia, PA. This event kicks off 14 months of community celebrations heralding and commemorating the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Kalvitis was honored to be asked to create his 19th dot-to-dot book with puzzles that represent different scenes in and around the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. To date, his books have sold over one million copies worldwide. Published works Books The Greatest Dot-to-Dot Books in the World Monkeying Around Book 1, 2000 – Book 2, 2001 – Book 3, 2002 – Book 4, 2003 – The Greatest Dot-to-Dot Super Challenge Books Monkeying Around Book 5, 2007 – Book 6, 2008 – Book 7, 2009 – Book 8, 2010 – The Greatest Dot-to-Dot Adventure Books Monkeying Around Book 1, 2012 - Book 2, 2014 - We Are Connected Dot-to-Dot Philadelphia Book Monkeying Around 2017 - The Greatest Dot-to-Dot Mini Travel Newspaper Books Monkeying Around Volume 1, 2005 – Volume 2, 2005 – Volume 3, 2006 – Volume 4, 2006 – Volume 5, 2007 – Volume 6, 2007 – Volume 7, 2011 – Volume 8, 2011 – Awards Creative Child Magazine Awards 2015 Book of the Year Award National Parenting Center Seal of Approval Holiday 2012 Seal of Approval National Parenting Center Seal of Approval Holiday 2010 Seal of Approval National Parenting Center Seal of Approval Holiday 2003 Seal of Approval Reviews Family Review Center Creative Child Awards review Videos Kalvitis Monkeying Around YouTube Sharing Jointly authored books Twisting History: Lessons in Balloon Sculpting Parma Publishing, 1995 References Memmott, Jim (March 24, 2007). Puzzles offer fun on the dot. Democrat & Chronicle. York, Michelle (May 15, 2006). If numbers don't add up, try connecting the dots. The New York Times. Ramsay, Maggie (March 19, 2006). Dots amore. Sunday Messenger. Ramsay, Maggie (December 21, 2005). Connecting the dots. Brighton-Pittsford Post. Memmott, Jim (December 10, 2005). Dot-to-dot puzzle guy links up with the kid in all of us. Democrat & Chronicle. Arbelo, Enid (July 22, 2002). Dot-to-dot turns profit from naught. Democrat & Chronicle. Di Natale, Chuck (June 29, 2000). Connecting dots links FHS grad to fun, profit. Perinton-Fairport Post. Category:Living people Category:Puzzle designers Category:People from Poughkeepsie, New York Category:Syracuse University alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carpenter, Lakeside, and Springvale Cemeteries The Carpenter, Lakeside, and Springvale Cemeteries are historic cemeteries located on Newman and Pawtucket Avenues in East Providence, Rhode Island, United States. The three cemeteries occupy a triangular area bounded by Newman and Pawtucket Avenues to the east and south, and railroad tracks to the west. Carpenter Cemetery, the oldest, was established in 1844. Springvale was established in 1888 and Lakeside in 1895. The area is one of the few remaining undeveloped areas of what was once a "ring of green" around the historic center of Rehoboth, which was near this area. The cemeteries were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence County, Rhode Island References Category:Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Category:Buildings and structures in East Providence, Rhode Island Category:National Register of Historic Places in Providence County, Rhode Island Category:1844 establishments in Rhode Island	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Stefania roraimae Stefania roraimae (common names: Roraima treefrog, Roraima stefania) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Guyana. Its type locality is Mount Roraima; it is also known from Mount Ayanganna and Mount Wokomung. It presumably occurs in the adjacent Venezuela and Brazil too. Description Male Stefania roraimae grow to snout–vent length of and females to . The smallest recorded independent juveniles are in snout–vent length. Reproduction is not known for this species, but presumably the females carry eggs on their backs, with the juveniles developing fully there, as known for many other species of Stefania. Habitat and conservation Stefania roraimae are found in primary forests at altitudes of . There are no known threats to this species in its relatively remote habitats. References roraimae Category:Endemic fauna of Guyana Category:Amphibians of Guyana Category:Amphibians described in 1984 Category:Taxa named by William Edward Duellman Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Category:Taxa named by Marinus Steven Hoogmoed	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Harry Buermeyer Henry Ernest (Harry) Buermeyer II (August 19, 1839 – October 10, 1922) was an American athlete in the late 1800s and is considered a "father of American athletics" due to his major contributions towards the growth of amateur sports throughout North America. James Edward Sullivan described him as “one of the strongest athletes the world ever had”. After being wounded in the legs twice in the Civil War, Harry won numerous national championships in swimming, running, shot put, and boxing, and he was an avid rower and weightlifter throughout his life. Early life Harry was born in New York City, as the son of German immigrants. His father, Ernst Henrich, was a hotelkeeper at Fraunces Tavern. At age sixteen, Harry won his first rowing race around Ellis Island. At eighteen, he gained fame as the best all-around athlete in New York. He was educated at the Mechanics Institute School and graduated in 1854. Harry enlisted in the Union Army in May 1861 and fought in the Civil War. He was the unofficial boxing champion of his regiment. Harry was wounded in the foot at the Battle of Antietam in 1862, and he almost lost a leg when he was shot at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in 1864. After he recovered, Harry left the army to focus on athletics. In 1876, he wed Mary Carroll, an exceptional swimmer and weightlifter and one of the first women to ride a bicycle in the United States. Career Harry was the first recorded national winner of the 100 yard dash in America in 1871. In 1873, he won the gymnastic and all-around athletic title. Harry was the first recorded national shot put champion in 1876. In 1878, he was the first heavyweight boxing champion in America, recording the first official knockout at Madison Square Garden. Harry was considered one of the strongest men of his time. Harry, his longtime friend William Buckingham Curtis, and John C. Babcock were the three principal founders of the New York Athletic Club (N.Y.A.C.) in 1868. Harry was the first Treasurer of the club, and he was captain of the N.Y.A.C. track team in 1873. In 1878, Harry and Curtis helped found the Amateur Athletic Union, which eventually became the U.S. Olympic Committee. Around 1880, Harry and Curtis also started the Fresh Air Club, encouraging open river ice skating and strenuous multiple-day hiking excursions. The Fresh Air Club was incorporated in 1890, making it the oldest walking club in New York., and Harry served as President of the club in 1900. In 1900, Harry was elected as President of the National Skating Association, a forerunner to US Speedskating. He was a judge and referee in the 1904 St. Louis Olympics. In 1912, Harry carried the American flag as the only invited guest to accompany the American athletes into the Stadium at the Stockholm Olympic Games. After returning from Stockholm, Harry marched in the Welcome Home Parade as an honored guest and the oldest athletic champion in America. The "Buermeyer 500" race was created in New York City in 1915 to commemorate him as one of the city’s most recognized athletes, and the race was held annually for over 40 years after his death. In his honor, the N.Y.A.C . for several years held an annual "Buermeyer Cup", where a trophy was awarded to the best gunner at 50 targets scratch. National Championship Highlights 1872 - 100 Yard Dash (first recorded national winner) 1873 - Gymnastics and All-Round Athletic Title 1876, 1877, and 1878 - Putting the Shot (shot put) 1877, 1878, and 1879 - Team Tug of War 1878 - Heavyweight Boxing Champion (first amateur boxing championship in the United States, at Madison Square Garden) References External links The New York Athletic Club (official website) Harry Buermeyer Autobiography Category:1839 births Category:1922 deaths Category:American male sprinters Category:New York Athletic Club	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île The Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île (CSPÎ) is a francophone school board in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, based primarily in the city's east end. It serves Montréal-Nord, Saint-Léonard, Anjou, and Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles. It also serves Montréal-Est, a municipality outside of the Montreal city limits. Its headquarters is in the Pointe-aux-Trembles area of Montreal. It was created by the government of Quebec on July 1, 1998, as part of a general restructuring from school boards representing religious communities to those representing linguistic communities. The CSPI replaced the former Commission scolaire Jérôme-Le Royer while also incorporating some francophone schools from other commissions. There were 27,500 students enrolled in schools associated with the board at the time of its founding; by 2011, the number had grown to 35,000. The eastern portion of the former Montreal Catholic School Commission became a part of the CSPÎ. The commission is overseen by a group of elected school commissioners. Vincenzo Arciresi was the first chair of the commission and served in this capacity until his defeat by Miville Boudreault in the 2014 council election, the first in which the chair was directly elected. Schools Secondary schools École secondaire d'Anjou (Anjou) École secondaire Antoine-de-St-Exupéry (St. Leonard) École secondaire Calixa-Lavallée (Montreal North) École secondaire Daniel-Johnson (Pointe-aux-Trembles) École secondaire Guy-Vanier École secondaire Henri-Bourassa (Montreal North) École secondaire Jean-Grou (Rivière-des-Prairies) École secondaire La Passerelle Le Prélude and Le Prélude annexe (Montreal North) École secondaire La Relance École secondaire Le Tournesol École secondaire Pointe-aux-Trembles (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Primary schools Adélard-Desrosiers (Montreal North) Albatros Alphonse-Pesant (St. Leonard) Cardinal-Léger (Anjou) Chénier (Anjou) De la Fraternité (Montreal North) Denise-Pelletier (Rivière-des-Prairies) Des Roseraies (Anjou) Félix-Leclerc (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Fernand-Gauthier (Rivière-des-Prairies) François-La Bernarde (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Gabrielle-Roy (St. Leonard) Jacques-Rousseau (Anjou) Jean-Nicolet and Jean-Nicolet Annexe (Montreal North) Jules-Verne (Montreal North) La Dauversière (St. Leonard) Lambert-Closse Le Carignan (Montreal North) Le Tournesol (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Marc-Aurèle-Fortin and Marc-Aurèle-Fortin annexe (Rivière-des-Prairies) Montmartre (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Notre-Dame (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Notre-Dame-de-Fatima (Rivière-des-Prairies) Pie XII (St. Leonard) Pierre-de-Coubertin (Montreal North) René-Guénette (Montreal North) Belle-rive pavillon de la pointe Saint-Joseph (Anjou) Saint-Marcel (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Saint-Octave (Montreal East) Saint-Rémi and Saint-Rémi Annexe (Montreal North) Saint-Vincent-Marie (Montreal North) Sainte-Colette and Sainte-Colette Annexe (Montreal North) Sainte-Germaine-Cousin (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Sainte-Gertrude (Montreal North) Sainte-Marguerite-Bourgeoys (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Belle-rive pavillon des trembles (Pointe-aux-Trembles) Simone-Desjardins Pavillon Gouin (Rivière-des-Prairies) Simone-Desjardins Pavillon Perras Victor-Lavigne (St. Leonard) Wilfrid-Bastien (St. Leonard) Wilfrid-Pelletier (Anjou) Other schools Specialized schools: Guy-Vanier La Passerelle Le Tournesol Marc-Laflamme/Le Prélude Adult schools: Centre Amos Centre Anjou Centre Antoine-de-St-Exupéry Centre Eusèbe-Gagnon Centre Ferland Centre Louis-Fréchette Centre Louis-Fréchette Annexe Centre Paul-Gratton Professional development centres: Centre Anjou Centre Antoine-de-St-Exupéry Centre Calixa-Lavallée Centre Daniel-Johnson Centre de formation des métiers de l'acier École Hôtelière de Montréal Calixa-Lavallée Elections for school trustees 1998 2003 2007 2014 References External links Commission scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île Category:School districts in Quebec Category:Education in Montreal	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carl Critchlow Carl Critchlow is a British fantasy and science fiction comic illustrator. He is best known for his character Thrud the Barbarian, which originally appeared in White Dwarf magazine, and for his work for the Lobster Random comics. Career Critchlow's comic book career began in the early 1980s, when he contributed to fanzines and informal publications. His professional career began in 1983 when his work was published in Issue 45 of Games Workshop's White Dwarf magazine, where Critchlow first portrayed his fantasy barbarian character, Thrud the Barbarian, in a regular, page-long, black and white, ink-drawn strip of the same name. Thrud was published for over fours years until issue 106; the strip was voted 'most popular feature' for three years running in readers' polls. Thrud the Barbarian often reflected current Games Workshop product lines and borrowed themes from games like Judge Dredd, Blood Bowl and Warhammer 40,000 and Thrud's native fantasy theme. To celebrate the character's status as a popular feature of the publication, Citadel produced a number of metal miniatures of Thrud. Shannon Appelcline referred to Bil's "Gobbledigook" and "Thrud the Barbarian" as the two comics "for which White Dwarf is probably best known". Critchlow also provided numerous black and white interior illustrations for Games Workshop's Dark Future game, and was featured in an Illuminations exposè in White Dwarf issue 103. In 1984, Critchlow had his debut in mainstream comic books when he contributed The Black Currant strip for Warrior issue 26. In the 1990s, after the Thrud strip had concluded in White Dwarf, Critchlow began working with 2000AD, and he contributed artwork for Pat Mills' Nemesis & Deadlock strip. Critchlow contributed art for numerous strips in 2000AD, including Tharg's Future Shocks, Judge Dredd, Mean Machine: Son of Mean Machine, Tales of Telguuth, Flesh, and full colour work for the 1995 crossover Judge Dredd/Batman:The Ultimate Riddle. Critchlow further contributed to the gaming world in 2000, and his work appeared in Dungeons & Dragons third edition books Monster Manual, Monsters of Faerûn, Magic of Faerûn, Lords of Darkness, Tome of Magic and Fiendish Codex I: Hordes of the Abyss. He has also provided illustrations for the Wheel of Time Roleplaying Game and the Star Wars supplements Secrets of Tatooine, Ultimate Alien Anthology and Star Wars Hero's Guide and almost two hundred illustrations for the Magic: The Gathering card game. He also contributed to JLA: Riddle of the Beast, a DC Comics graphic novel by Alan Grant. In 2000, Critchlow withdrew from mainstream comics; he wrote and drew the Thrud the Barbarian strip for its own comic. The series proved popular with the comic reading public and won the Diamond 2004 Award for Best Small Press title. During this time he also worked as a lecturer and numerous new comics artists, such as Barry Renshaw, credited him for helping and inspiring them. In October 2002, four months after the first issue of Thrud was published, Critchlow started drawing for 2000AD again. His first work was the Judge Dredd story Out of the Undercity written by John Wagner, followed by the introduction of new comic Lobster Random in 2003 with No Gain, No Pain, written by Simon Spurrier. This was followed by Tooth & Claw in 2004 and The Agony & the Ecstasy in 2006. His current work includes ongoing artwork for Lobster Random and artwork for Judge Dredd scripts by Gordon Rennie. Style and reception Critchlow's early work, including the entire Thrud the Barbarian series in White Dwarf, consisted entirely of black and white ink drawings. The Thrud character originated at art college, where Critchlow was studying under comic artist Bryan Talbot.Critchlow was presented with a comic strip project for the course, and began to develop Thrud. Critchlow was inspired by Robert E. Howard's Conan stories, which he was reading at the time. In an exposè published in White Dwarf towards the end of Thrud's tenure, art editor John Blanche wrote that Critchlow's "unique, chunky comic book technique provides the perfect vehicle for the biffoesque barbarian." In the 1990s Critchlow began to use colour; his work on the 1995 Batman/Judge Dredd: The Ultimate Riddle was fully painted. At the time, while considered impressive his painting work was also considered forced, confused and muddy. Critic Joseph Szadkowski wrote that Critchlow's 1996 work "Sherlock Joker Strikes Out" shows his "commitment to presenting the Joker in an expressionist style, almost [Ernst Ludwig] Kirchner in a good mood." Critchlow continued to develop his colour work and new stylistic direction as he abandoned paint and began to combine traditional line drawings with computer colouring. However, having been pigeon-holed as a painter he did not believe he could interest anyone in this radically different approach. This new combination of techniques was used in 2000AD for the Judge Dredd story Out of the Undercity and was initially well received and seen as a marked improvement over his previous fully painted style, with clearer figures and atmospheric computer colouring. As the Undercity story developed, however, Critchlow was criticised for using too narrow a palette, with too many greys and blues, although this may have been a result of the story's underground setting. By the end of the series, views on Critchlow's artwork were mixed, although some readers wanted to see him working on a story set above ground and in daylight. Criticism of Critchlow's subdued colouring style continued with his work on the Lobster Random debut in 2003, but as appreciation for the story grew, the two-toned colouring and scratchy line style were viewed by some as well-suited to the character. In one instalment, in which the protagonist is drugged, Critchlow introduced more colour into the strip, used sumptuous Day-Glo colours and experimented with unconventional panel layouts, moves that were well received. By the conclusion, Critchlow's style was recognised as unique, and even the previously criticised blues and greys were viewed as working well with other coloured elements. In 2004, Critchlow's work on the Judge Dredd story, Cincinnati was praised for showing further stylistic improvements and introducing more colour than had previously been used. Critchlow's work on two further Lobster Random stories in 2004 and 2006 was very well received. Tooth & Claw was praised for its character designs and use of colour, and The Agony & the Ecstasy was considered immediately recognisable with its "volume, colour and verve". Critchlow named Frank Frazetta as his principle formative influences, and he was inspired by seeing the work of Bryan Talbot's Luthor Arkwright series first hand. His other favourite artists from the comic book genre include Mike McMahon, Mike Mignola, Duncan Fegredo, Jamie Hewlett, Simon Davis, Nicolas de Crecy and Masamune Shirow. Bibliography Comics The Black Currant (in Warrior issue 26, 1984) Thrud the Barbarian: Thrud the Barbarian (in White Dwarf magazine issues 45, 1983 to 106, 1988) Carborundum Capers (in Thrud the Barbarian issue 1, 2002) Ice 'n' a Slice (in Thrud the Barbarian issue 2, 2003) Lava Louts (in Thrud the Barbarian issue 3, 2004) Thrud Rex! (in Thrud the Barbarian issue 4, 2005) Nemesis & Deadlock (with Pat Mills): Warlocks and Wizards (in 2000 AD issue 700, 1990) Enigmass Variations (in 2000 AD issue 723–729, 1991) Tharg's Future Shocks: Blink of an Eye (with Mark Eyles, in 2000 AD issue 748, 1991) Flesh: Legend of Shamana Book 1 (with Pat Mills/Tony Skinner, in 2000 AD issue 800–808, 1992) Legend of Shamana Book 2 (with Pat Mills/Tony Skinner, in 2000 AD issue 817–825, 1993) Flesh 3000AD (with David Bishop/Steve MacManus, in 2000 AD issue 1034, 1997) Judge Dredd: Happy Birthday Judge Dredd (with Mark Millar, in 2000 AD issue 829, 1993) Out of the Undercity (with John Wagner, in 2000 AD issue 1313–1316, 2002) Cincinnati (with John Wagner, in 2000 AD issue 1371–1373, 2004) The Searchers (with Gordon Rennie, in 2000 AD issue 1424, 2005) Burned Out (with Gordon Rennie, in 2000 AD issue 1461 and Judge Dredd Megazine issue 238, 2005) Mandroid: Instrument of War (with John Wagner, in 2000 AD issues 1555–1566, 2007) Backlash (with John Wagner, in 2000 AD issues 1628–1633, 2009) Under New Management (with John Wagner, in 2000 AD issue 1649, 2009) Trifecta (with Al Ewing, Simon Spurrier and Rob Williams, in 2000 AD issue 1812, 2012) Mean Machine: Son of Mean Machine (with John Wagner, in Judge Dredd Megazine issue 2.63–2.72, 1994–1995) Batman/Judge Dredd: The Ultimate Riddle (with John Wagner/Alan Grant, 1995) Tales of Telguuth (with Steve Moore): Uhuros the Horrendous (in 2000 AD issue 1198, 2000) The Caverns of Garnek-Spay (in 2000 AD issue 1240–1242, 2001) Lobster Random (with Simon Spurrier): No Gain, No Pain (in 2000 AD issue 1342–1349, 2003 ) Tooth and Claw" (in 2000 AD issue 1411–1419, 2004) The Agony & The Ecstasy (in 2000 AD issue 1482–1490, 2006) The Forget-Me-Knot (in 2000 AD issue 1600-, 2008) Role-playing games Conan: Adventures in an Age Undreamed Of'' (2016, Modiphius Entertainment, inner pages illustrations by Carl Critchlow, among others) References External links Official Carl Critchlow website Carl Critchlow at 2000 AD online Carl Critchlow bibliography at the Comic Book Database An Interview with Carl Critchlow at 3D Total Category:British comics writers Category:British speculative fiction artists Category:Date of birth missing (living people) Category:English comics artists Category:English comics writers Category:Fantasy artists Category:Games Workshop artists Category:Living people Category:Role-playing game artists Category:Science fiction artists Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ferris Danial Muhammad Ferris Danial Bin Mat Nasir (born 21 August 1992) is a Malaysian professional footballer who will plays for Melaka United as a forward for next 2020 Malaysia Super League seasons. Club career Harimau Muda He start his senior career with Harimau Muda from 2010 to 2014 under coach Ong Kim Swee. Felda United On 12 December 2014, Ferris was announced as a Felda United new signing, after being released from Harimau Muda. Initially Ferris was in a contract dispute between his hometown team Kelantan and Felda United, and was only resolved in March 2015 by mutual agreement between both teams. This caused him to miss the first three months of the season, finally making his debut with Felda United, as a substitute, on 8 March 2015 against LionsXII in a league match. Terengganu On November 2016, Ferris left Felda United to signed with Terengganu. Career statistics Club statistics Honours Club Melaka United Malaysia Premier League: 2016 References External links Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Malaysian people of Malay descent Category:People from Kelantan Category:Malaysian footballers Category:Felda United F.C. players Category:Malaysia Super League players Category:Association football forwards Category:Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games Category:Melaka United players Category:Terengganu F.C. I players Category:Asian Games competitors for Malaysia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Christopher Gravett Christopher Gravett is an assistant curator of armour at the Tower Armouries specialising in the arms and armour of the medieval world. Gravett has written a number of books and acts as an advisor for film and television projects. Selected works (1985) German Medieval Armies, 1300-1500, Osprey Publishing, (1993) The Norman Knight, 950-1204 AD, Osprey Publishing, (1997) Medieval German Armies, 1000-1300, Osprey Publishing, (1999) Bosworth 1485: Last Charge of the Plantagenets, Osprey Publishing, (2000) Hastings 1066, Osprey Publishing, (2001) The History of Castles: Fortifications Around the World, Lyons Press, (2002) English Medieval Knight 1300-1400, Osprey Publishing, (2002) English Medieval Knight 1200-1300, Osprey Publishing, (2003) Towton 1461: England's Bloodiest Battle, Osprey Publishing, (2003) Tewkesbury 1471: The Last Yorkist Victory, Osprey Publishing, (2003) Norman Stone Castles: British Isles 1066-1216, Osprey Publishing, (2004) Norman Stone Castles (2): Europe 950-1204, Osprey Publishing, (2006) The Normans: Warrior Knights and Their Castles, Osprey Publishing, (2006) Castles and Fortifications from Around the World, Thalamus Publishing, (2006) Tudor Knight, Osprey Publishing, (2007) The Castles of Edward I in Wales 1277-1307, Osprey Publishing, Children's books (2002) Eyewitness Guides: Castle, Dorling Kindersley, (2003) Eyewitness Guides: Knight, Dorling Kindersley, The World of the Medieval Knight, Collaborations with David Nicolle: (2006) The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles, Osprey Publishing (2006) Battles of the Middle Ages, Greenwood Press, References Category:Living people Category:British medievalists Category:British military historians Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tusk (disambiguation) A tusk is an elongated tooth possessed by certain mammals. Tusk may also refer to: People Real people Donald Tusk (born 1957), President of the European Council and former Polish Prime Minister Eberhard Koebel (1907–1955), also known as tusk, German writer and publisher Józef Tusk (1907 – 1987), grandfather of Donald Máel Brigte of Moray (fl. 9th century), known as Máel Brigte Tusk, Pictish nobleman Fictional characters Raymond Tusk, a billionaire industrialist and éminence grise in the U.S. TV series House of Cards Tusk, a character from Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger Biology Cusk (fish), or tusk fish (Brosme brosme), a fish of the ling family Tusk shell (Scaphopoda), a class of marine mollusks Fiction Tusk (comics), a character in Marvel Comics Tusk (Killer Instinct), a character in the 1996 arcade game Killer Instinct 2 "Tusk", the fifth episode of Perfect Hair Forever "Tusk", a character from Cross Ange "Tusk", Johnny Joestar's Stand in Steel Ball Run Music and film Tusk (album), a 1979 album by Fleetwood Mac "Tusk" (song), a 1979 song by Fleetwood Mac Tusk Tour, a 1979–1980 tour by Fleetwood Mac Tusk (Camper Van Beethoven album), a 2002 rerecording of the Fleetwood Mac album Tusk (1980 film), a film by Alejandro Jodorowsky Tusk (2014 film), a film by Kevin Smith Tusk (The Dead C album), 1997 Tusks (musician), an English singer Acronyms Tank Urban Survival Kit, an upgrade package to improve the effectiveness of the M1A2 Abrams tank in urban warfare Tell Utilities Solar won’t be Killed, chaired by Barry Goldwater, Jr. Geography Tusk-e Olya, a village in Hamadan Province, Iran Tusk-e Sofla, a village in Hamadan Province, Iran The Black Tusk, a peak in the Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada Other Tusk (mascot), the live mascot for the University of Arkansas, United States USS Tusk (SS-426), an American submarine Tusk Trust, a British non-profit organisation See also Tusker (disambiguation)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wayne Fisk Chief Master Sergeant Wayne Fisk (born April 6, 1945) was directly involved in the famed Son Tay POW camp raid and the rescue of the crew of the SS Mayagüez. When the Mayagüez was hijacked by Cambodian Communist forces in May 1975, Fisk was a member of the assault force that successfully recovered the ship and the entrapped United States Marines. For his actions, he was presented with his second Silver Star. Concluding the Mayagüez mission, he was recognized as the last American serviceman to engage Communist forces in ground combat in Southeast Asia. In 1979, he was the first Air Force enlisted recipient of the US Jaycees Ten Outstanding Young Men of America. In 1986, he became the first director of the Air Force Enlisted Heritage Hall on Maxwell AFB-Gunter Annex. Biography Chief Master Sergeant Wayne Fisk was born in Waldport, Oregon, on April 6, 1945, and raised on the Oregon Coast. In high school, Wayne was a member of the honor society, an award-winning cadet in the Alaska Civil Air Patrol, and he even turned down an appointment to the United States Air Force Academy to care for his terminally ill mother. In March 1966, Fisk enlisted in the Air Force and was accepted for pararescue training. In 1967, he served at Eglin AFB, Florida, until assigned to the 40th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron (40th ARRS) at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand performing combat rescue missions in both Laos and North Vietnam. One year later, he transferred to Kindley Air Force Base, Bermuda, as a member of the Air Force primary recovery team for Apollo missions 8, 9, and 10. After only 11 months in Bermuda, Fisk voluntarily returned to Southeast Asia for two more consecutive tours with the 40th ARRS. It was during this time that then-Staff Sergeant Fisk participated in the famed Son Tay POW Camp Raid in November 1970 and received the Silver Star for his actions. From 1972 to 1974, he instructed at the USAF Pararescue School at Hill AFB, Utah, and was honored as the training wing's outstanding NCO instructor. Fisk later returned to the 40th ARRS in Thailand as a Technical Sergeant and participated in Operation Eagle Pull, the evacuation of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. In May 1975, when Cambodian communist forces hijacked the Mayagüez, Fisk, flying aboard Knife 51, a 21st Special Operations Squadron CH-53, was a member of the assault force that successfully recovered the ship, attempted to rescue the crew, and liberated the entrapped US Marines. Knife 51 was the last helicopter to evacuate the Marines from Koh Tang and Fisk was the last Air Force serviceman to leave the ground having combed the beach for stragglers, Fisk received his second Silver Star for this operation. In January 1976, he moved to Clark AB, Philippines, to be an Assistant Team Chief, Team Chief, and Acting First Sergeant for Det 1, 33 Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Service (AARS). In 1979, Fisk was honored as the first USAF enlisted man named to the US Jaycees Ten Outstanding Young Men of America, the Military Airlift Command's Senior NCO of the Year, the US Air Force's Outstanding Airman in the Philippines; and a recipient of the Air Force Association's Citation of Honor. In October 1979 Fisk worked at Headquarters, Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Service, Scott AFB, Illinois, as the Pararescue Standardization and Evaluation Flight Examiner. After a parachute injury in 1980, he left pararescue duty to serve as an instructor at the USAF Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy, Gunter AFS, Alabama. As a newly minted Chief Master Sergeant, Fisk led the effort to establish the USAF Enlisted Heritage Hall and later became the director. His final Air Force assignment came when he was assigned as the Operations Coordinator in the Defense Attache Office, Embassy of the United States of America, Ottawa, Canada. Fisk's awards and decorations include the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster, the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, and the Air Medal with 17 oak leaf clusters. Chief Fisk is married to the former Angelina Arceo from the Philippines. According to some sources, he is the father of the Pararescue tradition of getting tattoos of green footprints on one's buttocks. Military awards and decorations References External links Veteran Tributes profile Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:United States Air Force airmen Category:Recipients of the Silver Star Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) Category:American air force personnel of the Vietnam War Category:People from Lincoln County, Oregon Category:People of the Civil Air Patrol Category:Recipients of the Air Medal Category:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charles Palmer (cricketer) Charles Henry Palmer (15 May 1919 – 31 March 2005) was an English cricketer, who played for Leicestershire and Worcestershire from 1938 to 1959. He was born at Old Hill in Staffordshire. Palmer also played one Test match for England. He later went on to become a respected cricket administrator. He was awarded his CBE in 1984 for services to cricket in the Queen's Birthday Honours. Life and career Palmer was a small man (five foot seven inches tall, only a slight build) with poor eyesight who played wearing glasses. Trevor Bailey joked that he looked "a natural for the role of a hen-pecked bank clerk in a farce". This did not stop him becoming a fine batsman and slow medium bowler because he "possessed deceptively strong wrists" which enabled him to play shots like the cut and drive with excellent timing. Palmer first played cricket for Worcestershire in 1938, before World War II and a teaching career intervened, although he still played a few games for the Bombay Europeans in Indian domestic cricket in 1946, with some games for Worcestershire. In 1948, he scored 85 in a morning's play against Don Bradman's Australian tourists (the "Invincibles") with Ray Lindwall and Keith Miller both bowling. Bradman praised his effort but it did not bring a test match selection at that time. Palmer did tour South Africa with MCC in 1948–49 but didn't play in any of the tests there. He joined Leicestershire as captain and secretary in 1950, and passed 1,000 runs in each of the eight full seasons he played for them. In 1953, Leicestershire finished third in the County Championship, the highest they had achieved at that stage since entering the competition in 1895. As late as August that season, the team were top of the table for the first time ever and Palmer was praised as: "A leader without flourish, but indeed a leader". On the back of this, he was appointed player-manager of the England tour side to the West Indies in 1953-54, which was captained by Len Hutton, and it was here that he won his only Test cap, making 22 and 0 and taking no wickets in the five overs he bowled. The series was played in bad temper, but Palmer's good-natured style helped the situation. Palmer played two memorable innings for the Gentlemen versus the Players in matches at Lord's in 1952 and 1955, scoring 127 and 154 against some of the best bowlers in the country. In 1955, Palmer was responsible for one of the most remarkable spells of bowling in cricketing history. Putting himself on to bowl against Surrey to allow his main two bowlers to change ends, he took 8 wickets for 7 runs, with his figures at one stage being 12-12-0-8. Ironically, his figures were "spoiled" by Jim Laker whose eight for two in 1950 is the world record return by a bowler taking eight wickets. A catch was dropped from a swing by Laker which deprived Palmer of a nine for none return and Laker then managed to edge a few more so that Palmer finished with eight for seven. Even worse for Palmer was that Surrey still won the match by seven wickets. A curiosity of Palmer's bowling was his fascination with what is called the "donkey drop". This is usually an accidental delivery that flies high because the ball has been released too soon. Palmer used it deliberately, sending it twenty feet or so high with the intention of it dropping behind the batsman and onto his stumps. It sometimes paid off and in 1957 when leading Leicestershire against the touring West Indians, Palmer claimed the wickets of no less than Frank Worrell and Rohan Kanhai with it. After retiring as a cricketer, Palmer was appointed chairman of Leicestershire, he became a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) committee, was President of the MCC in 1978–79, and chairman of the Test and County Cricket Board between 1983 and 1985. He died, at the age of 85, in March 2005. References Smith, Martin (editor). The Promise of Endless Summer (Cricket Lives from the Daily Telegraph). Aurum (2013). External links Category:1919 births Category:2005 deaths Category:England Test cricketers Category:English cricketers Category:Leicestershire cricket captains Category:Leicestershire cricketers Category:Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club Category:Worcestershire cricketers Category:English cricket administrators Category:Europeans cricketers Category:Sportspeople from Staffordshire Category:Gentlemen cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Category:Gentlemen of England cricketers Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:North v South cricketers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
César Bernal César Enrique Bernal Ávila (born February 14, 1995 in Torreón, Coahuila) is a professional Mexican footballer who currently plays for Tampico Madero F.C. References Category:1995 births Category:Living people Category:Footballers from Coahuila Category:Mexican footballers Category:Tampico Madero F.C. footballers Category:Association footballers not categorized by position	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Orto Botanico dei Frignoli The Orto Botanico dei Frignoli (7 hectares) is a botanical garden located at 900 metres elevation on SS63 del Passo del Cerreto, Fivizzano, Province of Massa-Carrara, Italy. It is open daily in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged. The garden was originally established in 1932 as a nursery of the Corpo Forestale dello Stato (State Forestry Corps). In 1990 it became a provincial botanical garden with help from Comunità Montana and the Museo di Storia Naturale della Lunigiana. Today the garden includes an arboretum containing about one hundred species of woody plants from the Apuan Alps, Apennine Mountains, and Mediterranean regions. Its plantings reproduce various mountain environments, as well as local food plants and natural areas. See also List of botanical gardens in Italy References Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza description (Italian) Horti entry (Italian) Aptmassacarrara entry (Italian) ZeroDelta description (Italian) Touring Club Italiano, L'Italia dei giardini, Touring Editore, 2005, pages 84-85. . Category:Botanical gardens in Italy Category:Gardens in Tuscany	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Loknayak (film) Loknayak is a 2004 biographical film based on the life of Bharat Ratna Jayaprakash Narayan (JP). It was directed by Prakash Jha in 2004. Actor Chetan Pandit enacted the role of Jayaprakash Narayan and Tisca Chopra played role of Prabhavati Devi, wife of JP Narayan. Cast Chetan Pandit as Jayaprakash Narayan Tisca Chopra as Prabhavati Devi Tom Alter as Abul Kalam Azad Gyan Dev Singh as Vinoba Bhave Ashok Chauhan as Mahatma Gandhi Meenakshi Thakur as Kasturba Ashok Banthia as Ram Manohar Lohia Atul Srivastava as Lal Bahadur Shastri Editing Irene Dhar Malik Production Alankrita Srivastav was assistant director. Filming Loknayak was shot in Hazaribag, Patna, Sitab Diara, Chhapra (birthplace of JP), Mumbai and Satara. The film was made at the budget of for the Ministry of Culture. Prakash Jha made the story on the basis of in-depth research along with interviews of eminent personalities like Sachchidananda Sinha, Chandra Shekhar, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, L. K. Advani and Bimal Prasad. Prakash Jha shot a scene in Jayaprakash Narayan Central Jail (earlier named Hazaribagh Central jail) to re-create the incident when JP, with Shaligram Singh, Suraj Nayaran Singh, Ramanandan Mishra, Yogendra Shukla and Gulab Chand Gupta (Gulabi Sonar) escaped from the jail on 9 November 1942. Release The film was released in the first week of December 2004. See also Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar directed by Jabbar Patel Gandhi directed by Richard Attenborough References Category:Memorials to Jayaprakash Narayan Category:2000s Hindi-language films Category:Indian films Category:2004 films Category:Films directed by Prakash Jha Category:Films set in Bihar Category:Films shot in Bihar Category:Indian biographical films Category:2000s biographical films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Głuchów, Grójec County Głuchów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grójec, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Grójec and south of Warsaw. References Category:Villages in Grójec County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1829 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1829, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. See also 1828 and 1829 United States House of Representatives elections List of United States Representatives from Kentucky Notes 1829 Kentucky United States House of Representatives	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bicellaria nigra Bicellaria nigra is a species of fly in the family Hybotidae. It is found in the Palearctic . References External links Ecology of Commanster Category:Hybotidae Category:Insects described in 1824	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nyassachromis microcephalus Nyassachromis microcephalus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it prefers areas with sandy substrates. This species can reach a length of TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. References microcephalus Category:Fish described in 1935 Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Circuito de Monsanto The Circuito de Monsanto, or Monsanto Park Circuit, was a 5.440 km (3.380-mi) race track in Monsanto Forest Park, near Lisbon, Portugal which hosted the Portuguese Grand Prix. Built on parklands, the circuit was considered difficult to drive because it crossed so many different types of surfaces, including tramlines at one point. The track hosted numerous races from 1954 to 1959, but only one race qualified as a Formula One event: the 1959 Portuguese Grand Prix, won by Stirling Moss. He won the race in the twilight hours, since the race was purposely started late in the day to avoid the intense late summer sun. See also Monsanto Forest Park External links Monsanto Park Circuit at All Formula One Info Category:Formula One circuits Category:Portuguese Grand Prix Category:Motorsport venues in Portugal Category:Defunct motorsport venues Category:Sports venues completed in 1954	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Podstolice, Chodzież County Podstolice () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Budzyń, within Chodzież County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Budzyń, south-east of Chodzież, and north of the regional capital Poznań. References Category:Villages in Chodzież County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Woldemar Hau Woldemar Hau (Russian: Владимир Иванович Гау; 16 February 1816 in Tallinn – 23 March 1895 in Saint Petersburg) was a Baltic German portrait painter who worked in the Biedermeier style. Life and work He was the son of painter Johannes Hau (1771-1838), who had emigrated from Northern Germany in 1795, and he grew up in the German community of Tallinn ("Reval" in German). His half-brother was the painter Eduard Hau. In addition to his father, he studied with the former Court Painter Karl von Kügelgen. At age sixteen, he was offered an opportunity to paint the Grand Duchesses and received a letter of recommendation to Alexander Sauerweid, a Professor at the Imperial Academy of Arts. From 1833 to 1835 he was a "guest student" at the Academy. He worked as a freelance painter for three years, then travelled extensively throughout Italy and Germany for two years. On his return, he was named Court Painter, spending the next three decades painting the Royal Family and their associates. He was appointed a member of the Academy in 1849. Among his most famous works are his portraits of Tsar Nicholas I and the Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna. He eventually painted all the members of the Royal Family as well as many familiar figures in Russian and Baltic German society, such as Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann and Natalia Pushkina. He also produced 200 miniature portraits of veterans of the Izmaylovsky Regiment. Selected portraits References External links Paintings by Woldemar Hau in the Estonian Art Museum Category:1816 births Category:1895 deaths Category:People from Tallinn Category:People from the Governorate of Estonia Category:Baltic-German people Category:Russian painters Category:Russian male painters Category:Portrait painters Category:19th-century Russian painters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Georges Oltramare Georges Oltramare (born 17 April 1896 in Geneva – died 16 August 1960 in Geneva) was a Swiss author and fascist politician who became involved in collaboration in Nazi-occupied France. Born into a leading Geneva family, he obtained a demi-licence in law at the University of Geneva in 1919. He became a noted author, winning the Foundation Schiller prize for his 1927 novel Don Juan ou la Solitude and also wrote for a number of right wing journals, specifically Le Pilori, which specialized in anti-Semitism. He began direct involvement in politics in 1931 when he set up the Ordre politique national, merging this with the Union de Défense économique to form the Union nationale the following year. This fascist movement, which represented the country's French population, gained little support, although Oltramare was invited to participate in the anti-communist Entente nationale genevoise with more conservative parties in 1936. He remained leader of the Union Nationale until 1940 when he left the country to settle in German-occupied France. Adopting the pseudonym Charles Dieudonné, Oltramare took up his pen in support of the Nazis, eventually becoming director of La France au travail, a German-funded newspaper aimed at converting the country's trade unionists and former communists to the Nazi cause. Also writing for L'Appel and Revivre, as well as broadcasting on Radio Paris, Oltramare even survived an assassination attempt on the Champs-Élysées. He left France in August 1944 for Sigmaringen, eventually returning to Switzerland in April 1945. Arrested for compromising Switzerland's independence, he spent the next few years in and out detention before being freed in 1952. He went on to live in Spain and Egypt, where he briefly worked as a propagandist for the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser, before returning to Switzerland where he was allowed to revive Le Pilori, which this time combined Poujadism with anti-Semitism. Notwithstanding a sentence of death that had been passed on him by a French court in 1950 Oltramare died of natural causes in Geneva. References Category:1896 births Category:1960 deaths Category:People from Geneva Category:French collaborators with Nazi Germany Category:People sentenced to death in absentia Category:Swiss fascists Category:Swiss journalists Category:Swiss male novelists Category:Swiss anti-communists Category:French anti-communists Category:20th-century Swiss novelists Category:Officers of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gutowo-Górki Gutowo-Górki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zawidz, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. References Category:Villages in Sierpc County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
With Our Arms to the Sun With Our Arms to the Sun is an American post-metal band formed in 2012 in Arizona. The band consists of Josh Breckenridge (vocals, guitar, noise), Joseph Leary (guitar), and Joseph Breckenridge Jr. (bass). History Originally a solo demo project, Josh Breckenridge recorded an early draft of Delicate Union of Minds in his home studio. He approached his brother Joseph Breckenridge Jr. and childhood friend Joseph Leary to collaborate and the completed EP was released on social media in early 2013. They quickly followed up with the well received LP The Trilogy in August of the same year. The album featured cover art by Chet Zar. The band began touring regionally in the American Southwest and was featured on the score of the documentary Chet Zar: I Like to Paint Monsters. With Our Arms to the Sun went back to the studio in early 2014 enlisting the help of Isis drummer Aaron Harris and film/television composer Jonathon Levi Shanes. The resulting album A Far Away Wonder gained high praise including nominations for Loudwire's Best Metal Song of 2014 for the single "Tessellation" and Best New Act of 2014. The band toured heavily through the remainder of 2014 and into 2015 supporting such acts as John 5, Doyle, Mushroomhead, and playing the Monster Mash Music Festival alongside Coheed and Cambria, Primus, and Tool. During this time, they signed with former Spitfire Records founder Paul Bibeau's new label Fade to Silence Records and gained an endorsement from Schecter Guitar Research. Winter 2015 saw With Our Arms to the Sun return to the writing process, starting on their soon to be released LP Orenda. The forthcoming album was produced by Melvins frontman Buzz Osborne and will be supported by a headlining tour with Los Angeles based progressive rock band Socionic. Discography Delicate Union of Minds (EP, 2013) The Trilogy (2013) A Far Away Wonder (2014) Orenda (2017) References External links Category:American post-metal musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 2012 Category:Musical groups from Phoenix, Arizona	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Andy de Groat Andy de Groat (November 1947 – January 10, 2019) was an American choreographer best known for his collaborations with interdisciplinary impresario Robert Wilson. Biography Born in November 1947 in Paterson, New Jersey, de Groat grew up in a working-class family with little involvement in the arts. His father, a truck driver, was unsupportive of his interests, and Mr. de Groat had little contact with his family after leaving high school. He was studying painting at the School of Visual Arts in New York when he met Mr. Wilson in late 1966 at the Bleecker Street Cinema in Greenwich Village, where de Groat had a part-time job. De Groat started his career in the 1972, where he choreographed the plays Ouverture at that year's Shiraz Arts Festival. He also helped to choreograph Le Regard du Deaf and Einstein on the Beach at the 1976 Festival d'Avignon. He created the Red Notes dancing company in New York City in 1973. He created two ballets titled Red Notes and Fan Dance. In 1982, de Groat moved his dance company to France. Henceforth he lived in Paris, Tarbes, and Montauban. He specialized in spinning, and applied it to works such as The Nutcracker, La Bayadère, and Giselle. Choreographic works Fan Dance (1978) Stabat Mater (1991) La Bayadère (1993) Tangos (1995) Swan Lake (1996) The Nutcracker (1996) Igitur or Elbehnon's Folly (2009) References Category:1947 births Category:2019 deaths Category:American choreographers Category:American expatriates in France Category:Date of birth missing Category:Disease-related deaths in France Category:People from Paterson, New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Giuseppe Landriani Giuseppe Landriani (1824–1894) was an Italian painter. He was a resident of Milan. He specialized in painting landscapes and genre paintings. Among his works: Cascinale, displayed at the 1883 Exhibition of Milan. At the 1884 Exhibition of Turin, he had sent: a mandria, and a Rustic home. At Milan, in 1886, he exhibited Sorpreso dalla bufera, and Pecore recalcitranti ricondotte all'orile. Among other major painting are: Pecore pascenti; La bufera; Di ritorno dalla fiera; and La famiglia della Maria. He was an honorary associate of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Milan. References Category:1824 births Category:1894 deaths Category:19th-century Italian painters Category:Italian male painters Category:Milanese painters	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Diversity University Diversity University was the first MOO dedicated specifically for education. Like other MUDs, it was an online realm that allowed people to interact in real time by connecting to a central server, assuming a virtual identity within that realm, "teleporting" (in other words, transporting your character) or "walking" to virtual rooms, and holding text-based conversations with others who had entered the same virtual room. The MOO server kept track of which characters were in each virtual "room," so that the comments of each character would be sent back to the computers of every other person whose character was "in" the same virtual "room." What distinguished Diversity University from other MOOs was its central structuring metaphor as a virtual university campus, as well as its pioneering use for actual online classes. History and purpose Diversity University was created in summer 1993 by its founder (and original "arch-wizard"), Jeanne McWhorter, then a sociology graduate student at the University of Houston. In an interview with a reporter, she described her initial purpose in creating the online educational environment: "It all began when I got interested in getting social workers online. ... Social workers all tend to be computerphobes — part of it is that we have it in our mind that computers dehumanize. I think computers do anything but — I think people are much more open and willing to talk about themselves when they're online." Josh Quittner continues, "McWhorter figured that Diversity University would be a way to attract educators and students to computing as a communications medium." The overarching idea was a virtual, online university space, allowing teachers and students to interact in real time. Diversity University was originally hosted on a server at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, although it moved to two other server environments during its life, since it often struggled for financial support and institutional backing. Its final homes were Marshall University and the University of Wisconsin - Parkside. Diversity University did not charge any hosting fees to faculty members and other educators who brought classes onto the MOO. Because the text-based interface required minimal computing resources for people to access the MOO, Diversity University espoused an egalitarian mission, which they articulated on their website: "The mission of Diversity University is to develop, support and maintain creative and innovative environments and tools for teaching, learning and research through the Internet and other distributed computing systems, and to guide and educate people in the use of these and other tools, to foster collaboration in a synergistic climate, and to explore and utilize applications of emerging technology to these ends in a manner friendly to people who are disabled, geographically isolated or technologically limited". Structure Although MOOs are virtual spaces — basically computer objects in a database — they are usually organized around a central spatial metaphor. For Diversity University that metaphor was a physical university campus, with buildings that represented the subject fields of the participants, along with other types of buildings that you might find on a typical university campus. In his master's thesis on "Design in Virtual Environments Using Architectural Metaphor," Dace A. Campbell used Diversity University's campus as an example of virtual architecture; one can see DU's "campus" structure as Figure 1.3 in that thesis. Guests who connected to Diversity University landed in a "room" in the "Student Union," in a kind of orientation space, while registered characters would land in whatever "room" was their virtual home in that environment. Once in a room, characters could use commands to navigate around the virtual space. For example, they could type "out" to exit from the room to an adjoining room or hallway, and they could use the cardinal directions (n, s, e, w) to "move" in those directions from room to room, building to street, street to connected street, and also into other virtual buildings on the campus. When creating "rooms," therefore, people who had building rights on the MOO were encouraged to use the appropriate version of the command (@dig) so that they would create not a free-floating, unconnected room, but a room that was joined to another room (or hallway), in the appropriate virtual building, allowing users to "walk" around the MOO. Other commands, ranging from basic to advanced, were also supported. Because the overarching structure was metaphorical, characters and guests on the MOO had the "magical" ability to "teleport" (or jump) from a room in one virtual building to another room "somewhere else" by using commands such as @go (to go to a room by its object number or name) and @join (to join another character in a room). Rooms could be open or locked, to allow (or prevent) people from joining other characters in that virtual space. Programmers on the MOO could create "virtual objects" that had the ability to move characters from room to room, such as virtual cars, a magical tour globe that provided a guided tour of English-related rooms in the environment (programmed by one of Diversity University's "wizards," Ulf Kastner), and a Points of Interest Board that served as a kind of portal to every site listed on the board, among others. Many of these features have been incorporated into newer, three-dimensional versions of Multi-User Virtual Environments, such as Second Life. Sample educational projects Josh Quittner's March 1994 article about Diversity University described one of the first uses of DU as a space to hold actual university classes. In spring 1994, Leslie Harris (then an assistant professor at Susquehanna University) and Cynthia Wambeam (working as a composition instructor at the University of Wyoming) paired their English composition classes and held inter-class discussions of shared readings in Diversity University. Because the MOO environment was text-based, it offered students practice in articulating ideas in writing, which was reinforced in an inter-class LISTSERV. Harris and Wambeam discussed their experience and its effect on student writing skills in an article in Computers and Composition. Because the MOO created a virtual reality by describing its environment, it provided an excellent space for reenactments of literary texts, in which visitors can be "immersed" in the world of the novel or fictional work. One such project was a recreation of Dante's Inferno (the first book of Dante's Divine Comedy), also by students in courses taught by Leslie Harris. Students recreated some of the circles of Hell within the MOO, populated with virtual robots that could interact with one another and with visitors to the site. Since the rooms were interconnected, visitors could go down from level to level, experiencing parts of Dante and Virgil's journey. The fifth circle of hell was depicted virtually by students in Professor Harris' course. Two similar projects on Diversity University were an interactive version of The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot, with rooms in the MOO world reflecting sections of Eliot's poem, and a "MOO Bedford" created by R. J. LaRoe that allowed visitors to the MOO to explore the world of Moby-Dick. Many English-related educational projects existed on the MOO. Educators in other fields brought students to Diversity University, taking advantage of the close fit between Constructivist teaching methods and the MOO environment. For example, Professor Tom Danford of West Virginia Northern Community College taught a microbiology course in the MOO. As Dick Banks explains, "The constructivist assignments [in Professor Danford's microbiology course] include a student microscope slide set, an instructional object of some sort, and participation in a group project. The group projects are separate rooms, each devoted to a specific disease or pathogen. Students were divided into three member groups and the disease/organism was assigned in the beginning of the semester. At the end of the term, each group will present its room and contents to the class." When you visit a room in a MOO, you see its description as you enter and you can create virtual objects in a room that themselves can be described. In a room that is supposed to represent a bacterium or other pathogen, students need to describe the features of the room in very specific detail, so that the room is scientifically accurate. The students are thus learning in a creative way the structure of the organism they are studying, while indirectly teaching that structure to anyone who visits the room and more directly to their fellow students in the course. A team run by Marcus Speh ran a course on "Object-oriented programming using C++". This course had about 80 registrants and ran over about 8 weeks. Its value was recognised by a "Best of the Web" award in WWW1 in 1994 Another notable project on DU was the Librarians' Online Support Team (LOST), led by Isabel Danforth, which held professional development workshops within the MOO environment for librarians who were trying to understand the growing significance of the Internet to librarianship. In an announcement for one of those workshops, Danforth explained the purpose of the group and the significance of Diversity University as a platform for such collaborations: The Librarian's On-Line Support Team (L.O.S.T.) is an organization that is coordinated by a steering committee consisting of academic, research, public, and K-12 librarians from wide-spread locations. The group provides space for librarians, many of whom are being thrust into cyberspace with minimal training and support, to get both formal and informal instruction and mentoring. Librarians with various levels of background can meet to share ideas and experiences informally. The group is currently based at the virtual campus of Diversity University, a cyberspace location that offers both real-time and delayed interaction via computer and currently supports over 4,000 educators and students world-wide. Information about L.O.S.T. and its programs can be found at: https://web.archive.org/web/20080511023627/http://admin.gnacademy.org:8001/~lost/ LOST epitomized Diversity University's ability to foster collaboration among educators, which was one of McWhorter's original purposes in creating the environment. Other initiatives included an online biology conference held simultaneously on Diversity University MOO and BioMOO, and a bilingual recreation of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez within the MOO environment, demonstrating the usefulness of the environment for foreign language education. Realizing the special importance of the immersive experience of visiting a MOO, foreign-language educators created other MOO spaces entirely in those target languages. Educational tools in the MOO Because faculty members at universities were holding class sessions on DU MOO, the MOO wizards developed objects that provided some typical classroom capabilities. For example, faculty members on the MOO could use a "Generic Slide Projector" to "project" a series of text "slides" to everyone in the room, which allowed faculty members to give "pre-recorded" instructions to students, without having to type those instructions on the spot. An object called a $note (basically, a kind of text file) could be created to work like a blackboard. When students entered a room (for example, a separate room for small-group discussions), students could "read" the blackboard, which would give them questions to discuss or instructions on what to do during the class time. If faculty members wanted to record the discussions that took place in a room, they could use a "Generic Recording Device" to create a transcript of the session, for later review. Although similar tools have now been incorporated into learning management systems, Multi-User Virtual Environments, and other programs for online conferencing, some of those tools were subject to the criticisms leveled by Tari Fanderclai, who asserted that faculty using new pedagogical environments like a MOO should adapt their teaching techniques to take advantage of the special possibilities of the MOO, rather than trying to make a MOO more like a traditional classroom. The online teaching tools did help faculty members conduct their classes in the decentralized and potentially chaotic MOO world, and they reveal as well the power and flexibility of the object-oriented programming environment. Faculty members did not need to possess programming skills to create objects in the MOO world that performed significant functions. If they wanted an object on which they could write notes, comparable to a course blackboard, they could create an object of that class, which would inherit all the features of the parent object. If they wanted a Generic Recording Device to record the student discussions that went on in the room, they could issue a relatively simple command (for example, @create #2978 named MyRecorder), which would create for them an object with those desired features. Faculty pioneers using the MOO could create lists of MOO help sheets — for example, MOO Help and Policy Texts, and the Composition in Cyberspace Project — making it easier for other faculty to use the environment. That cooperative spirit of users helping one another out — the recognition that "everyone was once a newbie [that is, a new user of the technology]" — informed Diversity University MOO. Its shared, collaborative, highly social environment made it an early example (along with other MOOs) of a Social network service, with a kind of network effect that resembled later Web 2.0 environments. Closing Diversity University shut down in 2006. Its domain name, du.org, was allowed to expire on October 26, 2006. References Category:Distance education institutions based in the United States Category:Educational MUDs Category:MU* games Category:Online chat Category:Video games developed in the United States Category:Virtual reality communities	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Trichohippopsis magna Trichohippopsis magna is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Carvalho in 1983. References Category:Agapanthiini Category:Beetles described in 1983	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
German submarine U-391 German submarine U-391 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She carried out one patrol. She did not sink or damage any ships. She was sunk by a British aircraft northwest of Cape Ortegal in Spain in October 1943. Design German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-391 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-391 was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty. Service history The submarine was laid down on 9 January 1942 at the Howaldtswerke (yard) at Flensburg as yard number 23, launched on 5 March and commissioned on 24 April 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Gert Dültgen. The boat was a member of three wolfpacks. She served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 24 April 1943 and the 3rd flotilla from 1 October of the same year. Patrol and loss The boat departed Kiel on 23 October 1943. Passing through the gap that separates Iceland and the Faroe Islands, she was attacked by a Vickers Wellington of No. 179 Squadron RAF on 28 November. On 13 December, she was attacked and sunk by depth charges dropped from a British B-24 Liberator of 53 Squadron on the western edge of the Bay of Biscay, northwest of Cape Ortegal in Spain. 51 men died in the U-boat; there were no survivors. Wolfpacks U-391 took part in three wolfpacks, namely. Eisenhart 1 (9–15 November 1943) Schill 3 (18–22 November 1943) Weddigen (22 November - 7 December 1943) References Bibliography External links Category:German Type VIIC submarines Category:U-boats commissioned in 1943 Category:U-boats sunk in 1943 Category:U-boats sunk by depth charges Category:1943 ships Category:Ships built in Kiel Category:Ships lost with all hands Category:U-boats sunk by British aircraft Category:World War II submarines of Germany Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean Category:Maritime incidents in December 1943	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
L'oracolo in Messenia L'oracolo in Messenia is a 1738 opera by Vivaldi to a libretto by Apostolo Zeno. The opera was composed for the autumn Venetian carnival season of 1738 after Vivaldi took over the Teatro Sant'Angelo from the impresario who had managed it the year before. Recording L'oracolo in Messenia - Vivica Genaux, Julia Lezhneva, Ann Hallenberg, Romina Basso, Franziska Gottwald, Magnus Staveland, Xavier Sabata, Europa Galante, Fabio Biondi; Virgin Classics, 2CDs 2012. See also List of operas by Antonio Vivaldi References Category:Operas by Antonio Vivaldi Category:Operas Category:1738 operas Category:Italian-language operas	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Linko Linko may refer to: Linkou District, New Taipei (formerly Linkou, Taipei County) Linko, Guinea	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Koleyn, Tehran Koleyn (, also Romanized as Kolīn and Kūlīn) is a village in Koleyn Rural District, Fashapuyeh District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 480, in 130 families. References Category:Populated places in Ray County, Iran	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
De'Mon Brooks De'Mon Brooks (born May 28, 1992) is an American basketball player who plays for Ryukyu Golden Kings of the B.League. He completed his college career at Davidson College after the 2013–14 season. In the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, he was named Southern Conference player of the year and an All-American by the Associated Press. High school career Brooks, a 6'7" forward born in the U. S. state of Georgia, played high school basketball at Hopewell High School in Huntersville, North Carolina. As a senior, he averaged 20 points and 10.2 rebounds per game for his school. College career He committed to coach Bob McKillop at Davidson and started his college career in the 2010–11 season. That year, he averaged 9.0 points and 5.1 rebounds per game and was named a freshman All-American by Collegeinsider.com. As a sophomore, Brooks increased his output to 15.7 points and 6.2 rebounds and led the team to regular season and tournament championships in the Southern Conference. In the 2012 Southern Conference tournament, Brooks scored 19 points in the Wildcats' double overtime championship game win and was named tournament MVP. At the conclusion of the season, Brooks was named Southern Conference Player of the Year by the league's coaches (his teammate, Jake Cohen won the same award from the league's media - the first time two players from the same school split the honor). He was also named an honorable mention by the Associated Press. Brooks returned to Davidson for his junior year in 2012–13 and was named the preseason conference player of the year. In four season with the Wildcats, Brooks appeared in 125 games averaging 14.2 points per game and 6.1 rebounds per game. Professional career On July 2, 2014, Brooks was named to the Charlotte Hornets summer league team. On July 11 he signed with Azzurro Napoli in Italy. On February 11, 2015, he signed with Hapoel Gilboa Galil of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. References https://germanhoops.com/2018/11/09/could-demon-brooks-be-medi-bayreuths-version-of-a-lifer-like-a-quantez-robertson-or-rickey-paulding/ External links Davidson Wildcats bio Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:American expatriate basketball people in Germany Category:American expatriate basketball people in Israel Category:American expatriate basketball people in Italy Category:American expatriate basketball people in Japan Category:American men's basketball players Category:Basketball players from Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Davidson Wildcats men's basketball players Category:Hapoel Gilboa Galil Elyon players Category:Medi Bayreuth players Category:Power forwards (basketball) Category:Ryukyu Golden Kings players Category:Sportspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gary Locke (English footballer) Gary Robert Locke (born 12 July 1954) is an English former footballer born in Willesden, London, who played in the Football League for Chelsea and Crystal Palace, and in the Allsvenskan for Halmstads BK. Locke was born in Park Royal but moved to Willesden as a six-year-old with his family in 1960. A right-back, Locke spent much of his career at Chelsea, making more than 300 league and cup appearances for the west London side between 1972 and 1983. He turned professional in July 1971, made his debut in a 3–1 win against Coventry City in the First Division on 30 September 1972, and scored his first goal for the club against the same opponents on 24 August 1974. Capable of making overlapping attacking runs up the wing, he was chosen as Chelsea Player of the Year in the 1973–74 season. In 1983, after a spell on loan at the club, he moved to Crystal Palace on a permanent basis, making another 101 league and cup appearances in total, before spending the 1986 season in Sweden with Halmstads BK. In 1987 Locke was brought to New Zealand by newly promoted national league club Napier City Rovers. He captained the team in 1988 and helped the club win the national league championship in 1989. Locke was left out of Napier's squad for the 1992 national league campaign. References External links Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:Footballers from Willesden Category:English footballers Category:Association football fullbacks Category:Chelsea F.C. players Category:Crystal Palace F.C. players Category:Halmstads BK players Category:Napier City Rovers FC players Category:English Football League players Category:Allsvenskan players Category:English expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Sweden Category:People educated at Willesden County Grammar School	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1864 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio REDIRECT 1864 and 1865 United States House of Representatives elections#Ohio 1864 Ohio United States House of Representatives	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ancerville, Moselle Ancerville () is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France. Population See also Communes of the Moselle department References INSEE statistics Category:Communes of Moselle (department)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
HMS Venturer (P68) HMS Venturer was a Second World War British submarine of the V class. She sank two German U-boats and five merchant ships during the war. Following the war, the boat was sold to Norway and was renamed HNoMS Utstein. She was discarded in 1964. She is currently the only submarine to have sunk another while both were submerged. Construction Venturer was the lead boat of the British V-class submarine, a development of the successful U class. She was built at the Vickers Armstrong yard in Barrow-in-Furness. Construction commenced in August 1942 and she was launched eight months later in May 1943. Venturer was commissioned on 19 August 1943. Service history On completing trials and working-up, Venturer commenced operations patrolling the Norwegian coast for coastal traffic and U-boats leaving or entering base. She was successful on several occasions, sinking three Axis vessels during 1944. She also sank the on 11 November 1944 east of Andenes, Norway, off the Lofoten Islands. Her most famous mission, however, was her eleventh patrol out of the British submarine base at Lerwick in the Shetland Islands, under the command of 25-year-old Jimmy Launders, which included the first time in the history of naval warfare that one submarine intentionally sank another while both were submerged. Sent to the Fedje area, Venturer was then ordered on the basis of Enigma decrypts to seek, intercept and destroy which was in the area. U-864 was carrying a cargo of 65 tonnes of mercury as well as Junkers Jumo 004B jet engine parts (used in the Messerschmitt Me 262) to Japan, a mission code-named Operation Caesar. Action of 9 February 1945 On 6 February 1945, U-864 passed through the Fedje area without being detected, but on 9 February Venturer heard U-864s engine noise. Launders had decided not to use ASDIC since it would betray his position and spotted the U-boat's periscope as her captain looked for his escort. In an unusually long engagement for a submarine, and in a situation for which neither crew had been trained, Launders waited 45 minutes after first contact before going to action stations. Launders was waiting for U-864 to surface and thus present an easier target. Upon realising they were being followed by the British submarine and that their escort had still not arrived, U-864 zig-zagged underwater in attempted evasive manoeuvres, with each submarine occasionally risking raising her periscope. Venturer had only eight torpedoes as opposed to the 22 carried by U-864. After three hours Launders decided to make a prediction of U-864s zig-zag, and released a spread of his torpedoes into its predicted course. This manual computation of a firing solution against a three-dimensionally manoeuvring target was the first occasion on which techniques were used and became the basis of modern computer-based torpedo targeting systems. Prior to this attack, no target had been sunk by torpedo where the firing ship had to consider the target's position in three-dimensional terms, where the depth of the target was variable and not a fixed value. The computation thus differs fundamentally from those performed by analogue torpedo fire-control computers which regarded the target in strictly 2D terms with a constant depth determined by the target's draught. The torpedoes were released in 17 second intervals beginning at 12:12, and all taking four minutes to reach their target. Launders then dived Venturer suddenly to evade any retaliation. U-864 heard the torpedoes coming, dived deeper, and turned away to avoid them. The first three torpedoes were avoided, but U-864 unknowingly steering into the path of the fourth. Exploding, U-864 split in two, and sank with all hands coming to rest more than below the surface. Launders was awarded a bar to his DSO for this action. During her career she also sank five merchant ships. Post-war With the end of hostilities Venturer was destined for disposal. In 1946 she was sold to the Royal Norwegian Navy, and was renamed Utstein. She served with the Norwegians until January 1964, when she was struck from the Royal Norwegian Navy register. After her removal from naval service, the submarine was sold to a scrapyard and broken up. Footnotes External links HMS Venturer at uboat.net Category:British V-class submarines Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness Category:1943 ships Category:Submarines of the Royal Norwegian Navy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Haldummulla Divisional Secretariat Haldummulla Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Badulla District, of Uva Province, Sri Lanka. References Divisional Secretariats Portal Category:Divisional Secretariats of Badulla District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.