doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
114,355 | When Sir John Lubbock was doing the preliminary work for his 1865 "magnum opus", Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were jointly publishing their first papers On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. Darwins's On the Origin of Sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31295 | 114,310 |
794,076 | Efficiency varies significantly with passenger loads, and losses incurred in electricity generation and supply (for electrified systems), and, importantly, end-to-end delivery, where stations are not the originating final destinations of a journey. While electric motors used in most passenger trains are more efficient ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9848870 | 793,651 |
685,544 | One common weakness among the typical low-walled open bastion or star forts was exposure to enemy fire, especially to new devices designed to explode in mid air and rain shrapnel down on the gunners. Gun emplacements which were at an angle to the sea were vulnerable to a solid shot running parallel to the wall taking o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13422946 | 685,187 |
1,481,237 | The very nature of control systems implies a starting point for the development of resilience metrics. That is, the control of a physical process is based upon quantifiable performance and measures, including first principles and stochastic. The ability to provide this measurement, which is the basis for correlating op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22982978 | 1,480,403 |
1,919,786 | The Polish Naval Academy (PNA) "Heroes of Westerplatte" is a naval university supervised by the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland, with the history, uninterrupted by World War II, dating back to 1922. At present the PNA provides education for officer-cadets, commissioned officers and civilian stude... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46546157 | 1,918,686 |
247,658 | In late 1966, Shulgin left Dow in order to pursue his own interests. He first spent two years studying neurology at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, leaving to work on a consulting project. He set up a home-based lab on his property, known as "the Farm", and became a private consultant. H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57812 | 247,530 |
1,004,665 | Colleges and universities offer exercise physiology as a program of study on various different levels, including undergraduate, graduate degrees and certificates, and doctoral programs. The basis of Exercise Physiology as a major is to prepare students for a career in field of health sciences. A program that focuses on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=395477 | 1,004,147 |
1,911,000 | Grissino-Mayer is a dendrochronologist who specializes in the use of tree-ring analysis to reconstruct environmental and cultural history. He received a BS (with honors) in Geography in 1985 and an MA in Geography in 1988 from the University of Georgia. His thesis research directed by David Butler (now at Texas State U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22292146 | 1,909,901 |
450,979 | In 1952, having completed work on action potentials, Huxley was teaching physiology at Cambridge and became interested in another difficult, unsolved problem: how does muscle contract? To make progress on understanding the function of muscle, new ways of observing how the network of filaments behave during contraction ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=145842 | 450,760 |
749,829 | The "Pendolino's" propulsion system incorporates Alstom's Onix traction drive system, which controls 12 separate traction motors, each capable of providing up to . Traction motors are suspended from the underside of the carriage bodies and connected to the driving wheels using a Cardan shaft and transfer gearbox thus l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1438262 | 749,431 |
404,231 | In 1888, Austrian botanical physiologist Friedrich Reinitzer, working at the Karl-Ferdinands-Universität, examined the physico-chemical properties of various derivatives of cholesterol which now belong to the class of materials known as cholesteric liquid crystals. Previously, other researchers had observed distinct co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17973 | 404,031 |
97,661 | Some application layer protocols, such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), send explicit network addresses within their application data. FTP in active mode, for example, uses separate connections for control traffic (commands) and for data traffic (file contents). When requesting a f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53036 | 97,620 |
1,812,994 | As stated in the introduction, strictosidine synthase catalyzes the biological Pictet–Spengler reaction of tryptamine and secologanin to stereoselectively form 3-alpha(S)-strictosidine, the universal precursor for monoterpenoid indole alkaloid compounds. It also catalyses the formation of 12-aza-strictosidine, an impor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246825 | 1,811,960 |
373,639 | Although UML is one approach in providing "reverse engineering" more recent advances in international standards activities have resulted in the development of the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM). The standard delivers an ontology for the intermediate (or abstracted) representation of programming language constructs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18935488 | 373,444 |
626,531 | There are a large number of amateur astronomical societies around the world, that serve as a meeting point for those interested in amateur astronomy. Members range from active observers with their own equipment to "armchair astronomers" who are simply interested in the topic. Societies range widely in their goals and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=748 | 626,198 |
487,936 | PRAM cell selectors can use various devices: diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs. Using a diode or a BJT provides the greatest amount of current for a given cell size. However, the concern with using a diode stems from parasitic currents to neighboring cells, as well as a higher voltage requirement, resulting in higher power cons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=850973 | 487,686 |
2,113,624 | IBBCEAS was first demonstrated on the basis of the spin and symmetry forbidden γ-band formula_9 of molecular oxygen using a short-arc Xe lamp. The application of IBBCEAS to isolated jet cooled gas-phase species was demonstrated in continuous supersonic jets almost two decades ago and recently, to pulsed jets. Arc lamps... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38328632 | 2,112,409 |
22,586 | The Chinook possesses several means of loading various cargoes, including multiple doors across the fuselage, a wide loading ramp located at the rear of the fuselage and a total of three external ventral cargo hooks to carry underslung loads. Capable of a top speed of , upon its introduction to service in 1962, the hel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38005 | 22,577 |
460,402 | A calculable model for creating the heavy isotopes from iron seed nuclei in a time-dependent manner was not provided until 1961. That work showed that the large overabundances of barium observed by astronomers in certain red-giant stars could be created from iron seed nuclei if the total neutron flux (number of neutron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=352908 | 460,176 |
140,150 | As a gravitational wave passes an observer, that observer will find spacetime distorted by the effects of strain. Distances between objects increase and decrease rhythmically as the wave passes, at a frequency equal to that of the wave. The magnitude of this effect is inversely proportional to the distance from the sou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8111079 | 140,093 |
234,312 | Walt Disney began experimenting with multichannel sound in the early 1930s as noted above. The first commercial motion picture to be exhibited with stereophonic sound was Walt Disney's "Fantasia", released in November 1940, for which a specialized sound process (Fantasound) was developed. As in the Carnegie Hall demons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1369770 | 234,193 |
836,129 | Several epidemiological studies have found that there is an increased risk of various diseases, especially cancers, among people who live near nuclear facilities. A widely cited 2007 meta-analysis by Baker "et al." of 17 research papers was published in the "European Journal of Cancer Care". It offered evidence of elev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14163295 | 835,680 |
740,146 | Mating in the epaulette shark takes place from July to December, though in captivity reproduction occurs continuously. Courtship may be initiated by the female following and biting the male. The male then holds onto the pectoral fin of the female with his mouth and lies alongside her, while inserting one of his clasper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7041559 | 739,754 |
1,653,998 | When Hutchinson assumed his faculty position at Harvard in 1964, he was greatly influenced by a number of remarkable senior colleagues. In addition to Budiansky, there were George Carrier (fluids and applied mathematics), Bruce Chalmers (metallurgy) and Lyell Sanders (solids), to name just a few. The 1960s saw signific... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4605312 | 1,653,066 |
657,065 | As previously noted, there are often few signs of white matter injury in newborns. Occasionally, physicians can make the initial observations of extreme stiffness or poor ability to suckle. The preliminary diagnosis of PVL is often made using imaging technologies. In most hospitals, premature infants are examined with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3117655 | 656,721 |
1,533,900 | It was announced on 16 December 2009 that the telescope was "subject to discussions leading to managed withdrawal". In 2012, its shutdown for end of the 2013 was announced. The possibility of transfer was noted as a possibility. On October 30, 2014 the telescope ownership was transferred to the University of Hawaii. It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=188198 | 1,533,032 |
1,344,900 | Taube's interest in coordination chemistry was sparked when he was chosen to develop a course on advanced inorganic chemistry while at the University of Chicago. He was unable to find much information in the textbooks available at the time. Taube realized that his work on the substitution of carbon in organic reactions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=917657 | 1,344,162 |
509,332 | Many fossil fuels, such as coal and oil shale, produce ash as a result of combustion. This ash also needs to be disposed of, which may impact the environment. So far studies indicate that, in general, oxyfuel combustion does not significantly affect the composition of ash produced. Measurements have shown similar miner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7726829 | 509,068 |
1,525,934 | Lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia usually takes a benign and indolent course. Long-term treatment with corticosteroids lowers blood eosinophil levels as well as suppresses and prevents complications of the disease in >80% of cases. However, signs and symptoms of the disease recur in virtually all cases if corticoste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53896659 | 1,525,071 |
292,978 | About 99 percent of all European and 90 percent of all U.S. solar power systems are connected to the electrical grid, while off-grid systems are somewhat more common in Australia and South Korea. PV systems rarely use battery storage. This may change, as government incentives for distributed energy storage are implemen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15677755 | 292,820 |
1,191,385 | B. Hiley and R. E. Callaghan re-interpret the role of the Bohm model and its notion of quantum potential in the framework of Clifford algebra, taking account of recent advances that include the work of David Hestenes on spacetime algebra. They show how, within a nested hierarchy of Clifford algebras formula_72, for eac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8057418 | 1,190,751 |
1,417,751 | Margaret Belle (Oakley) Dayhoff (March 11, 1925 – February 5, 1983) was an American physical chemist and a pioneer in the field of bioinformatics. Dayhoff was a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center and a noted research biochemist at the National Biomedical Research Foundation, where she pioneered the appli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1645612 | 1,416,952 |
459,884 | Communication is varied at all scales of life, from interactions between microscopic organisms to those of large groups of people. Nevertheless, the signals used in communication abide by a fundamental property: they must be a quality of the receiver that can transfer information to a receiver that is capable of interp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=292265 | 459,658 |
1,952,511 | PreQ1 riboswitch has two stems and three loops, and its detailed structure has been shown on the right. The riboswitching action of preQ riboswitches in bacteria is regulated by binding of metabolite preQ to the aptamer region leading to structural changes in the messenger RNA (mRNA) that governs the downstream genetic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11421367 | 1,951,390 |
1,071,455 | With this string of successes, PPPL had little trouble winning the bid to build an even larger machine, one specifically designed to reach "breakeven" while running on an actual fusion fuel, rather than a test gas. This produced the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, or TFTR, which was completed in 1982. After a lengthy brea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39825 | 1,070,901 |
826,270 | The Intergenerational Foundation found in a 2016 paper that the "graduate premium" had fallen to around £100,000 averaged across all subjects, degree classes and universities, although with such a wide variation by subject and institution that it was impossible to quantify in a meaningful way. They argue that the gradu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=81513 | 825,826 |
173,675 | Antonov proposed a "westernised" version of the An-70, the An-7X. The German government tasked DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (DASA) with the responsibility of evaluating the An-70 and assessing whether it would fulfill the ESR for a common tactical airlifter. Airbus provided data of the aircraft to DASA, who confirmed the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=908224 | 173,584 |
1,375,883 | Nabatean architecture (Arabic: اَلْعِمَارَةُ النَّبَطِيَّةُ; al-ʿimarah al-nabatiyyah) refers to the building traditions of the Nabateans (; Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈 "Nabāṭū"; Arabic: ٱلْأَنْبَاط "al-ʾAnbāṭ"; compare Akkadian: 𒈾𒁀𒌅 "Nabātu"; Ancient Greek: Ναβαταῖος; Latin: "Nabataeus"), an ancient Arab people who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42585943 | 1,375,122 |
1,982,070 | Up to the present, this controversy has not been settled. Although the effects obtained are clearly not an artefact of small-scale laboratory procedures, it must be accepted they are small; it is still possible that artefacts may be involved. One such draws on the fact that eye movement control in normal reading is not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21438616 | 1,980,931 |
2,825 | In 1979, the Soviet Union outlined a need for next-generation fighter aircraft intended to enter service in the 1990s. The programme became the I-90 (, ) and required the fighter to be "multifunctional" (i.e., multirole) by having substantial ground attack capabilities, and would eventually replace the MiG-29 and Su-27... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2971192 | 2,825 |
1,242,255 | Faced with this enormous project, in 1989/90 National Academy of Sciences conducted a second review of the US ICF efforts on behalf of the US Congress. The report concluded that "considering the extrapolations required in target physics and driver performance, as well as the likely $1 billion cost, the committee believ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2700382 | 1,241,583 |
1,476,310 | Within Biomimetic architecture, two basic procedures can be identified, namely, the bottom-up approach (biology push) and top-down approach (technology pull). The boundary between these is blurry with the possibility of transitioning between the two approaches depending on individual cases. Biomimetic architecture is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39314537 | 1,475,478 |
982,730 | Some titanosaurs had osteoderms. Osteoderms were first confirmed in the genus "Saltasaurus" but are now known to have been present in a variety of titanosaurs within the clade Lithostrotia. The exact arrangement of osteoderms on the body of a titanosaur is not known, but some paleontologists consider it likely that the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1139347 | 982,218 |
1,008,550 | The strategic flaw was the high unit price of the tank, 982,000 French Francs, and the limited number of large cast sections that could be produced. The tank had to be supplemented by a cheaper type and the only one available had been the Hotchkiss H35, much inferior in armour, armament and speed, even after it had bee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2838334 | 1,008,029 |
1,376,832 | The most significant limitations to the detection of astronomical emission at submillimetre wavelengths with ground-based observatories are atmospheric emission, noise and attenuation. Like the infrared, the submillimetre atmosphere is dominated by numerous water vapour absorption bands and it is only through "windows"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2088221 | 1,376,070 |
2,237,166 | The first meeting of the WIQ was held on Wednesday, 8 May 1912, when some 49 members were enrolled. Lieutenant Sturdee (staff officer, Royal Engineers) was in the chair. Apologies were received from Major Annand, Messrs. F. E. Ramsbotham, James Ryan, F. A. Bignell, J. R. Clark, E. P. Tipping, Price, C. McLaughlan, C. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60879547 | 2,235,895 |
55,634 | In November 2016, the USAF Scientific Advisory Board announced studies for a "Penetrating Counter Air" (PCA) platform that would combine long range, supersonic speed, stealth and maneuverability and be fielded by 2030. PCA would have substantially longer range to fly long distances over the Pacific, especially in a sit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23636690 | 55,611 |
891,267 | In the year 2000, David R. Smith's team of UCSD researchers produced a new class of composite materials by depositing a structure onto a circuit-board substrate consisting of a series of thin copper split-rings and ordinary wire segments strung parallel to the rings. This material exhibited unusual physical properties ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23870096 | 890,798 |
722,494 | Although farmers of corn, wheat, soy, and other commodity crops had replaced most of their workers with harvesting machines and combines by the 1950s enabling them to efficiently cut and gather grains, growers of produce continued to rely on human pickers to avoid the bruising of the product in order to maintain the bl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2063352 | 722,114 |
227,836 | Round-the-clock repairs by the crew assisted by civilian contractors got the ship ready for deployment, on schedule. The "Constellation"/CVW-14 team deployed on 1 December 1988 for the Indian Ocean. She left port on three screws with the final repairs to the fourth screw being completed at Subic Bay, Philippines. Four ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=204536 | 227,719 |
872,722 | With its 30:1 bypass ratio, it should deliver a 15% improvement over the CFM International LEAP already at 11:1; but Airbus is more interested in the more conventional Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) turbofan at 15:1, which could be introduced from 2025, offering 5% to 10% better efficiency than the LEAP and to be teste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=748403 | 872,262 |
217,310 | The range of tasks given to slaves was varied and included servile labor utilized for "irrigation, pastoralism, mining, transport, public works, proto-industry, and construction." In general black slaves were used as laborers, servants and eunuchs. Some female slaves could be used for labor, but most would be used for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66060133 | 217,202 |
1,171,911 | Ziegler's work with many-membered ring compounds also utilized the reactive nature of alkali metal compounds. He used strong bases such as the lithium and sodium salts of amines, to accomplish the cyclization of long-chain hydrocarbons possessing terminal cyano groups. The initially formed ring compound was then conver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=558631 | 1,171,292 |
1,701,457 | Research exploring microbial diversity and metabolic capacities draws heavily on genome-resolved metagenomic methods coupled to tools that provide insight into function in situ (proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics). In fact, the Banfield lab led the first research that achieved reconstruction of draft genomes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26156185 | 1,700,502 |
515,881 | When Texas introduced the new offensive scheme at the beginning of the 1968 season, "Houston Chronicle" sportswriter Mickey Herskowitz stated it looked like a “pulley bone”; Royal agreed but changed the name to “wishbone”. Royal quickly embraced the idea of the wishbone, though it did not immediately work, as the Longh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1947159 | 515,612 |
1,296,327 | The NCAA Tournament tipped off on March 13, 2007 with the opening round game in Dayton, Ohio, and concluded on April 2 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. A total of 65 teams entered the tournament. Thirty of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy Leag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8667225 | 1,295,616 |
970,859 | This meeting led to the Operation Plowshare efforts, formed in June 1957 and formally named in 1961. Three primary concepts were part of Plowshare; energy generation under Project PACER, the use of nuclear explosions for excavation, and for fracking in the natural gas industry. PACER was directly tested in December 196... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40323 | 970,349 |
2,055,428 | CCI also provides project-specific teams for conservation, scientific, and testing projects. Its Paper Group works with archives and libraries in preserving and restoring their collections. Research conducted by the Paper Group includes paper bleaching, enzyme use, washing, and de-acidification. The CCI also self-publi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2511731 | 2,054,245 |
740,410 | Similarly, Marbach later proposed that occlusal dysesthesia may be caused by the brain “talking to itself,” causing abnormal oral sensations in the absence of external stimuli. According to this model, the symptoms of dysesthesia are catalyzed by dental “amputation,” for example the extraction of a tooth, whereby the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7529613 | 740,018 |
1,071,789 | Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using PTFE membranes is favoured by some practitioners, despite its cost and complexity: "GTR has a greater effect on probing measures of periodontal treatment than open flap debridement, including improved attachment gain, reduced pocket depth, less increase in gingival recession and m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25299326 | 1,071,235 |
1,147,341 | Opisthorchiasis is prevalent where raw cyprinid fishes are a staple of the diet. Prevalence rises with age; children under the age of 5 years are rarely infected by "Opisthorchis viverrini". Males may be affected more than females. The WHO estimates that foodborne trematodiases (infection by worms or "flukes", mainly "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9658050 | 1,146,736 |
697,366 | In 1997 Dong Zhiming and You Hailu named and described a supposed second species of "Nanshiungosaurus", "N. bohlini", based on specimen IVPP V 11116 found in 1992 at Early Cretaceous strata from the Zhonggou Formation, Xinminbao Group. It consists of 11 cervical and 5 dorsal vertebrae with some ribs. In order to contai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1846673 | 697,002 |
1,801,917 | In May 1971, the Aeronautical Systems Division at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, initiated the program Credible Chase to evaluate the potential use of armed light utility short takeoff and landing aircraft in Southeast Asia. The program was designed to add mobility and firepower to the Republic of Vietnam Air Forces in a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33714574 | 1,800,906 |
86,748 | Sparky the Sun Devil is the mascot of Arizona State University and was named by vote of the student body on November 8, 1946. Sparky often travels with the team across the country and has been at every football bowl game in which the university has participated. The university's mascot is not to be confused with the at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1859 | 86,713 |
1,389,613 | The British palaeontologist David B. Norman noted in 1985 that the genus "Megalosaurus" had historically been used as a "dustbin" for any fragmentary remains of large theropods from around the world, which probably did not belong in the genus. In 1988, the American palaeontologist Gregory S. Paul listed the species "M.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20255603 | 1,388,842 |
192,931 | On 28 November 1967, she detected a "bit of scruff" on her chart-recorder papers that tracked across the sky with the stars. The signal had been visible in data taken in August, but as the papers had to be checked by hand, it took her three months to find it. She established that the signal was pulsing with great regul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=543432 | 192,831 |
83,310 | Standard equipment for the McLaren F1 includes full cabin air conditioning, a rarity on most sports cars and a system design which Murray again credited to the Honda NSX, a car he had owned and driven himself for 7 years without ever needing to change the AC automatic setting. Further comfort features included SeKurit ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=420183 | 83,276 |
426,048 | The energy dispersion is carried out for a narrow range of energies around the so-called pass energy in the direction perpendicular to the direction of angular dispersion, that is perpendicular to the cut of a ~25 mm long and ⪆0.1 mm wide slit. The angular dispersion previously achieved around the axis of the cylindric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7078310 | 425,840 |
207,753 | Built to a 1948 USAF specification for a radar-equipped interceptor to replace the aging Northrop F-61 Black Widow and North American F-82 Twin Mustang, it was specifically designed to counter the threat of the USSR's new Tupolev Tu-4 bombers (reverse-engineered Boeing B-29). The Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk had been... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=401013 | 207,646 |
125,136 | In December 2015, an International Summit on Human Gene Editing took place in Washington under the guidance of David Baltimore. Members of national scientific academies of the US, UK, and China discussed the ethics of germline modification. They agreed to support basic and clinical research under certain legal and ethi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59990826 | 125,084 |
308,007 | Articulation problems resulting from dysarthria are treated by speech language pathologists, using a variety of techniques. Techniques used depend on the effect the dysarthria has on control of the articulators. Traditional treatments target the correction of deficits in rate (of articulation), prosody (appropriate emp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1004706 | 307,842 |
1,394,520 | While the United Kingdom and many other countries have chosen the Eureka 147 standard of digital audio broadcasting (DAB) for creating a digital radio service, the United States has selected IBOC technology for its digital AM and FM stations. The band commonly used for terrestrial DAB is part of VHF band III, which doe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=272097 | 1,393,749 |
958,979 | While in their activated state, microglia may serve a variety of beneficial functions. For example, active microglia are the primary effectors of innate immunity and fulfill this role by phagocyting the proteins of dead neurons, presenting antigens at their surface, and producing a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4694311 | 958,473 |
668,759 | In November 2006, Marin Soljačić and other researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology applied this near field behavior to wireless power transmission, based on strongly-coupled resonators. In a theoretical analysis, they demonstrate that, by designing electromagnetic resonators that suffer minimal loss du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23424071 | 668,410 |
653,039 | The 1856 edition of the "American Journal of Science and Arts" published Foote's complete paper under her given name, immediately following a paper by her husband, Elisha. Other than those on astronomy, the paper was the first known publication anywhere in a scientific journal in the field by a woman. It was not howeve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49280323 | 652,696 |
488,433 | Weismann was born a son of high school teacher Johann (Jean) Konrad Weismann (1804–1880), a graduate of ancient languages and theology, and his wife Elise (1803–1850), née Lübbren, the daughter of the county councillor and mayor of Stade, on 17 January 1834 in Frankfurt am Main. He had a typical 19th century bourgeois ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46846 | 488,183 |
1,663,734 | 27% of DTSS use was for casual use and entertainment, which the university stated "is in no sense regarded as frivolous", as such activities encouraged users to become familiar with and not fear the computer. The library of about 500 programs as of 1968 included, Kemeny and Kurtz reported, "many games". They were pleas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=635213 | 1,662,797 |
542,722 | On 16 December 2015, the Hunter flew its final flight in Army service at Fort Hood. Since entering service in 1995, the aircraft had been deployed to the Balkans, Iraq, and Afghanistan. It was deployed to the Balkans four times between 1999 and 2002, accumulating 6,400 flight hours, and was the first Army UAS to cross ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37377 | 542,442 |
1,628,377 | Changes that happen too rapidly will exceed the ability of forest plants to keep pace by shifting their ranges. Range shifts upslope to higher topographic altitudes require less distance than shifts tracking climate over relatively flat terrain poleward. Species within the southern limits of their range are already sho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66931587 | 1,627,458 |
1,410,960 | These effects result from coagulation, which is normally prevented in the vascular endothelium by expression of antithrombotic factors on its surface. Sepsis, which causes disruption and apoptosis of endothelial cells results in the endothelium switching to a procoagulant phenotype. This promotes platelet adhesion and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=971305 | 1,410,168 |
2,026,173 | The most common application of DIC in the electronics industry is the measurement of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Because it is a non-contact, full-field surface technique, DIC is ideal for measuring the effective CTE of printed circuit boards (PCB) and individual surfaces of electronic components. It is esp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55524455 | 2,025,007 |
669,951 | An open letter was sent on 7 July 2014 to the European Commission by 154 European researchers (750 signatures as of 3 September 2014) complaining of the HBP's overly narrow approach, and threatening to boycott the project. Central to this controversy was an internal dispute about funding for cognitive scientists who st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20017656 | 669,601 |
840,641 | Once the mineral identification and reserve amount are reasonably determined, the next step is to determine the feasibility of recovering the mineral deposit. A preliminary study shortly after the discovery of the deposit examines the market conditions such as the supply and demand of the mineral, the amount of ore nee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=488361 | 840,191 |
970,328 | "NANDA-International", formerly known as the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association is the primary organization for defining, researching, revising, distributing and integrating standardized nursing diagnoses worldwide. NANDA-I has worked in this area for more than 45 years to ensure that diagnoses are developed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=806123 | 969,818 |
2,051,309 | The Paradoxididae are a family of trilobites, a group of extinct marine arthropods. They occurred during the late Lower Cambrian (Toyonian) and disappeared at the end of the Middle Cambrian. Representatives of this family have been found in the paleocontinents of Avalonia, Baltica, and Gondwana, now Canada (Nova-Scotia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9901069 | 2,050,128 |
225,111 | Spasticity is assessed by feeling the resistance of the muscle to passive lengthening in its most relaxed state. A spastic muscle will have immediately noticeable, often quite forceful, increased resistance to passive stretch when moved with speed and/or while attempting to be stretched out, as compared to the non-spas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98998 | 224,995 |
588,550 | Yuan was taught and mentored by some biologists who followed the ideas of Gregor Mendel and Thomas Hunt Morgan. These included Guan Xianghuan at Southwest Agricultural College and, later, Bao Wenkui at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing. Both were persecuted. Guan took his own life in the 1960s whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1178453 | 588,248 |
25,502 | The MiG-21 was exported widely and remains in use. The aircraft's simple controls, engine, weapons, and avionics were typical of Soviet-era military designs. The use of a tail with the delta wing aids stability and control at the extremes of the flight envelope, enhancing safety for lower-skilled pilots; this, in turn,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61962 | 25,493 |
1,169,786 | The establishment of Christianity brought Latin to Scotland as a scholarly and written language. Monasteries served as major repositories of knowledge and education, often running schools and providing a small educated elite, who were essential to create and read documents in a largely illiterate society. In the High M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18943753 | 1,169,167 |
1,498,893 | Research published in November 2017 concludes that the observations are best explained by dry flow processes, and remark that there is no actual spectrographic evidence for water. Their research shows RSL exist only on slopes steeper than 27 degrees, enough for dry grains to descend the way they do on faces of active d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32642539 | 1,498,049 |
1,690,405 | In its Corps of Engineers Civil Works mission, CRREL researchers developed innovative ways to avoid ice jams and databases to address the widespread occurrence of such problems. A substantial ice engineering facility was built to support modeling of these problems. A remote-sensing and GIS (geographic information syste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3571931 | 1,689,459 |
1,083,795 | The "new science of biology" was first termed "biologie" by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1801, and was "an independent scientific discipline born at the end of a long process of erosion of 'mechanical philosophy,' consisting in a spreading awareness that the phenomena of living nature cannot be understood in the light of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8255091 | 1,083,238 |
2,135,391 | In 1982 he was approached by Professor John Morrison of Wolfson College, Cambridge to assist with research into the design of the trireme. Together they and others founded the Trireme Trust, and created a series of scale models and a full scale cross section based on historical records, archaeological evidence and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28072268 | 2,134,164 |
71,106 | Calculating the black-body curve was a major challenge in theoretical physics during the late nineteenth century. The problem was solved in 1901 by Max Planck in the formalism now known as Planck's law of black-body radiation. By making changes to Wien's radiation law (not to be confused with Wien's displacement law) c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=726748 | 71,079 |
447,036 | "Nepenthes rajah" has an altitudinal distribution of 1500–2650 m a.s.l. and is thus considered an (ultra) highland or Upper Montane plant. In the upper limit of its range, night-time temperatures may approach freezing and day-time maxima rarely exceed 25 ℃. Due to the night-time temperature drop, relative air humidity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3779130 | 446,820 |
33,499 | The various IITs function autonomously, and their special status as "Institutes of National Importance" facilitates the smooth running of IITs, virtually free from both regional as well as student politics. Such autonomy means that IITs can create their own curricula and adapt rapidly to the changes in educational requ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23883046 | 33,487 |
2,010,242 | Moreso than other enzymes in the Calvin cycle, SBPase levels have a significant impact on plant growth, photosynthetic ability, and response to environmental stresses. Small decreases in SBPase activity result in decreased photosynthetic carbon fixation and reduced plant biomass. Specifically, decreased SBPase levels r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14457671 | 2,009,090 |
1,728,148 | Today, the crystalline igneous rocks of the Grenvillian basement form the core of the Blue Ridge Mountains, also known as the Pedlar formation, where they are exposed. To the west, they are hidden beneath the Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau, while to the east they extend under the Piedmont, coastal plain, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16049803 | 1,727,174 |
604,964 | In August 1943, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's son, Colonel Elliot Roosevelt, commander of a Lockheed F-5 (a modified P-38 Lightning) "recon" unit, recommended the acquisition of a dedicated high-performance photo reconnaissance aircraft to provide pre- and post-strike target analysis intelligence as well as ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1336114 | 604,654 |
188,313 | ', also known as ' or ", is used to reduce friction, improve durability through abrasion tolerance and wear resistance in general, minimize galling or seizing of parts, expand chemical inertness to include a broader set of conditions (such as oxidation resistance), and bulking material for worn parts to restore their o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=517737 | 188,216 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.