doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
1,171,428
Bio-inspired technologies of the future can help explain biomolecular engineering. Looking at the Moore's law "Prediction", in the future quantum and biology-based processors are "big" technologies. With the use of biomolecular engineering, the way our processors work can be manipulated in order to function in the same...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11344743
1,170,809
1,050,078
The two crews awoke at 05:08 UTC, and began preparing for the second EVA. Parazynski and Tani began the spacewalk at 09:32 UTC, a half-hour ahead of the planned timeline. The pair started with the P6 truss, removing the attachments to the Z1 truss, which allowed Wilson and Wheelock to use the station's robotic arm to m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2445038
1,049,532
2,019,827
These companies view the welfare of the population as a vital key to the expansion and progression of businesses by using their data to place a spotlight on the plight of global citizens. Experts in the private sector contend the importance of merging various data streams such as retail, mobile phone and social media d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49882988
2,018,664
622,488
Mortimer Schiff was elected as president in 1931, but died after serving one month and Walter Head returned until 1946. Schiff's mother purchased of land in New Jersey and donated it to the BSA, thus creating Mortimer L. Schiff Scout Reservation as a national training center. President Roosevelt encouraged Scouts to do...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6125637
622,156
227,779
The United States has a documented shortage of working laboratory professionals. For example, vacancy rates for Medical Laboratory Scientists ranged from 5% to 9% for various departments. The decline is primarily due to retirements, and to at-capacity educational programs that cannot expand which limits the number of n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12941686
227,662
1,738,808
Alan Yuille obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from the University of Cambridge in 1976, where he also earned his PhD in theoretical physics in 1981. He then completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of California, Santa Barbara. Yuille served as a resear...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56794968
1,737,831
1,060,431
B612 was attempting to raise approximately $450M to fund the development, launch and operational costs of the telescope, about the cost of a complex freeway interchange, or approximately $100M less than a single Air Force Next-Generation Bomber. The $450 million cost estimate is composed of $250 million to create Senti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=333633
1,059,880
275,580
Aside from its direct clinical use, paclitaxel is used extensively in biological and biomedical research as a microtubule stabilizer. In general, in vitro assays involving microtubules, such as motility assays, rely on paclitaxel to maintain microtubule integrity in the absence of the various nucleating factors and oth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36796
275,430
590,462
[F]or over two thousand years, the…most influential and authoritatively orthodox tradition…has been devoted to the problem of a purely cognitive certification (perhaps by revelation, perhaps by intuition, perhaps by reason) of the antecedent immutable reality of truth, beauty, and goodness.… The crisis in contemporary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1116997
590,160
42,215
Miyamoto imagined many characters and plot concepts, but eventually settled on a love triangle between a gorilla, a carpenter, and a woman. He meant to mirror the rivalry between comic characters Bluto and Popeye for the woman Olive Oyl, although Nintendo's original intentions to gain rights to "Popeye" failed. Bluto e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=79982
42,200
786,983
The dawn of contemporary psychopharmacology marked the beginning of the use of psychiatric drugs to treat psychological illnesses. It brought with it the use of opiates and barbiturates for the management of acute behavioral issues in patients. In the early stages, psychopharmacology was primarily used for sedation. Wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45621
786,560
698,295
Though unclear if motivated by empirical observations, the concept of a Spherical Earth apparently first gained intellectual dominance in the Pythagorean school in Ancient Greece in the 5th century BC. Meanwhile, the Pythagorean astronomical system proposed the Earth and Sun and a Counter-Earth rotate around an unseen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19327051
697,931
305,203
In 1945, the three great powers of the Allies of World War II met at the Yalta Conference to negotiate an amicable and stable peace. UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined USA President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee. With th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246185
305,041
567,934
In November 1988, Blenda Wilson was inaugurated as the third chancellor of UM–Dearborn. In September 1989, the university began its $11.6 million General Campus Renovation Project, entirely funded by the State of Michigan. In summer 1990, the university terminated its varsity ice hockey program, resulting in head coach...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=848086
567,644
20,201
At the same time, the possibility of combining the P-51 airframe with the US license-built Packard version of the Merlin engine was being explored on the other side of the Atlantic. In July 1942, a contract was let for two prototypes, briefly designated XP-78, but soon to become the XP-51B. Based on the Packard V-1650-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24710
20,193
1,596,772
The genomes of many of "Cyanothece" species have been sequenced, ranging from 4.79 to 7.84 Mbp. Between 4367 and 6642 coding sequences are an amalgamation of genes encoding capabilities for fermentation and aerobic nitrogen fixation (like filamentous cyanobacteria). Unusually, the genes for nitrogen fixation are in a l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46182688
1,595,873
1,579,497
Murepavadin exhibits a specific and potent bactericidal activity "in vitro" against "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" including carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant isolates and was shown to be largely inactive against other Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria. When tested in a large minimum inhibitory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57413297
1,578,607
294,001
Prior to World War I, the focus of aviation psychology was on the aviator himself, but the war shifted the focus onto the aircraft, in particular, the design of controls and displays, and the effects of altitude and environmental factors on the pilot. The war saw the emergence of aeromedical research and the need for t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36479878
293,842
684,489
John Newsinger argues that "there is no doubt that the great majority of the British in India, soldiers, officials, civilians, agreed with Rawlinson on this. A few months later he noted in his journal that he "was determined to fight for the white community against any black sedition or rebellion", and, if necessary, "...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=889184
684,132
947,329
"Production quality" DGPS signals began to be sent out on a limited basis in 1996, and the network was rapidly expanded to cover most US ports of call, as well as the Saint Lawrence Seaway in partnership with the Canadian Coast Guard. Plans were put into place to expand the system across the US, but this would not be e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1905405
946,826
560,807
Since that time the literature includes examples of research using molecular genetics to make inference about modifiable risk factors, which is the essence of MR. One example is the work of Gerry Lower and colleagues in 1979 who used the N-acetyltransferase phenotype as an anchor to draw inference about various exposur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10453294
560,518
201,992
Another point of contention had been the formulas for compounds of the alkali metals (such as sodium) and the alkaline earth metals (such as calcium), which, in view of their striking chemical analogies, most chemists had wanted to assign to the same formula type. Cannizzaro argued that placing these metals in differen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1416046
201,889
4,937
The participation of the F-14 in the 1991 Operation Desert Storm consisted of Combat Air Patrol (CAP) over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf and overland missions consisting of strike escort and reconnaissance. Until the waning days of Desert Storm, in-country air superiority was tasked to USAF F-15 Eagles due to the wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11719
4,935
1,254,723
GBS is a robust, simple, and affordable procedure for SNP discovery and mapping. Overall, this approach reduces genome complexity with restriction enzymes (REs) in high-diversity, large genomes species for efficient high-throughput, highly multiplexed sequencing. By using appropriate REs, repetitive regions of genomes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50591385
1,254,042
1,487,403
The countries during Nixon's presidency that the plaques were given to were Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Ceylon (S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37521438
1,486,565
167,846
Santos-Dumont started to dedicate himself to the construction of new airship models, two years after he left Paris, each one with a specific purpose: the No. 7, with 1,257 cubic metres and 45 hp engine, designed to be a racing airship, was tested in Neuilly (France) in May 1904. The following month the aircraft was sab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=152687
167,756
1,418,525
The technical ability to record and manipulate larger databases more quickly has now enabled a new breed of supply-chain-optimization solutions to emerge, which are capable of forecasting at a much more "granular" level (for example, per article per customer per day). Some vendors are applying "best fit" models to this...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5205119
1,417,726
1,696,526
Debate also surrounds genetically engineered food in terms of the controversial health and environmental effects that it may have in various time scales. Regulations have been implemented for approval of genetically modified foods to reduce some uncertainty that remains in this field. The reasons in favor of developmen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=709360
1,695,573
1,446,939
Advantages such as chemical specificity, high resolution, and noninvasive probes make FSCV a powerful technique for detecting changing chemical concentrations in vivo. The chemical specificity of FSCV is derived from reduction potentials. Every compound has a unique reduction potential, and so the alternating voltage c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41163070
1,446,123
1,870,755
The Alaska North Slope region was identified by the USGS as an important hydrate-bearing region in the United States. Current USGS estimates indicate ~ (Tcf) of technically recoverable gas resources from hydrate accumulations in this region. Drilling within the greater Prudhoe Bay region has enabled the delineation and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32303587
1,869,678
1,362,549
Direct treatment that stimulates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), provides alternative fuels, and prevents acute worsening of the syndrome. However, some correction of acidosis does not reverse all the symptoms. CNS damage is common and limits a full recovery. Ketogenic diets, with high fat and low carbohydrat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3962194
1,361,796
496,671
Unfortunately, Wegener provided no convincing mechanism for this drift, and his ideas were not generally accepted during his lifetime. Arthur Holmes accepted Wegener's theory and provided a mechanism: mantle convection, to cause the continents to move. However, it was not until after the Second World War that new evide...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8245348
496,415
1,805,373
Ruth Rosenberg (later Arnon) was the youngest of three children born in Tel Aviv. [1] Alexander Rosenberg, her father, travelled to Toulouse with his family to pursue degrees in electrical engineering and mathematics. He went to work for the Israel Electric Corporation after they returned to Israel. Her father, accordi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5057839
1,804,358
1,837,209
These retrometabolic design strategies were introduced by Nicholas Bodor, one of the first and most prominent advocates for the early integration of metabolism, pharmacokinetic and general physicochemical considerations in the drug design process. These drug design concepts recognize the importance of design-controlled...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40287988
1,836,160
2,230,651
Keeping in view this unwanted side effect of DBS, technique with the capability to automatically adjust the stimulation in response to fluctuating biomarkers, was introduced by Priori in 2004. The major problem Priori faced in the development of an aDBS system was the selection of the ideal control variable for feedbac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72258523
2,229,385
525,683
Bowman provides a tactical voice and data communications system for joint operations across the British Armed Forces in support of land and amphibious operations. It is fitted to over 15,000 military vehicles, from Land Rover Wolf to the Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank. The entire Royal Navy fleet is fitted with Bowman e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2493890
525,410
465,186
The fusion of a fluorescent protein to a nanobody generates a so-called chromobody. Chromobodies can be used to recognize and trace targets in different compartments of living cells. They can therefore increase the possibilities of live cell microscopy and will enable novel functional studies. The coupling of an anti-G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2468191
464,956
698,692
Terrestrial arthropod communities have traditionally been collected and studied using methods, such as Malaise traps and pitfall traps, which are very effective but somewhat cumbersome and potentially invasive methods. In some instances, these techniques fall short of performing efficient and standardized surveys, due ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46925036
698,328
1,247,230
In spring 1972, President Halladay resigned suddenly after his wife's suicide. Vice President for Administration F. H. "Bub" McDowell was named the next president of the university, despite his lack of a doctoral degree or administrative experience at any school other than East Texas State. Born in Paris, he worked for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49751816
1,246,555
1,010,086
Of the "Acinetobacter", "A. baumannii" is the greatest cause of human disease, having been implicated in a number of hospital-acquired infections such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), secondary meningitis, infective endocarditis, and wound and burn infections. In particular, "A. baumannii" is frequently ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=618883
1,009,565
1,471,710
Berg continued with his campaign for soviet cybernetics into the 1960s as cybernetics entered the soviet mainstream. Berg's council sponsored pro-cybernetic programmes in Soviet media. 20-minute radio broadcasts, entitled "Cybernetics in Our Lives", were produced; a series of broadcasts on Moscow TV detailed advances i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54974049
1,470,881
789,545
In 1847, Tyndall opted to become a mathematics and surveying teacher at Queenwood College, a boarding school in Hampshire. Recalling this decision later, he wrote: "the desire to grow intellectually did not forsake me; and, when railway work slackened, I accepted in 1847 a post as master in Queenwood College." Another ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=256310
789,121
417,150
Before the war was over, he initiated, in collaboration with a Utrecht University student, Hendrik van de Hulst, a project that eventually succeeded, in 1951, in detecting the 21-centimeter radio emission from interstellar hydrogen spectral line at radio frequencies. Oort and his colleagues also made the first investig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=413430
416,947
76,871
Despite the improvements in the M1918A2, the BAR remained a difficult weapon to master with its open bolt and strong recoil spring, requiring additional range practice and training to hit targets accurately without flinching. As a squad light machine gun, the BAR's effectiveness was mixed, since its thin, non-quick-cha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=378838
76,842
1,552,111
SNA properties, such as enhanced cellular uptake, multivalent binding, and endosomal delivery, are desirable for the delivery of immunomodulatory nucleic acids. In particular, SNAs have been used deliver nucleic acids that agonize or antagonize toll-like receptors (proteins involved in innate immune signaling). The use...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36131613
1,551,230
75,757
OPV is an attenuated vaccine, produced by the passage of the virus through nonhuman cells at a subphysiological temperature, which produces spontaneous mutations in the viral genome. Oral polio vaccines were developed by several groups, one of which was led by Albert Sabin. Other groups, led by Hilary Koprowski and H.R...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=192198
75,729
646,582
The root causes of innumeracy vary. Innumeracy has been seen in those suffering from poor education and childhood deprivation of numeracy. Innumeracy is apparent in children during the transition between numerical skills obtained before schooling and the new skills taught in the education departments because of their m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=397245
646,242
730,505
3D bioprinting contributes to significant advances in the medical field of tissue engineering by allowing for research to be done on innovative materials called biomaterials. Biomaterials are the materials adapted and used for printing three-dimensional objects. Some of the most notable bioengineered substances are usu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35742703
730,120
1,822,939
The undergraduate programs in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Communications Engineering, and Computer Engineering provide a strong background in science, mathematics, and engineering fundamentals with emphasis on the development of analytical and creative abilities. This enables the graduate to achieve success...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769934
1,821,901
1,900,579
In his medical practice, he also examined local therapeutics and examined plants of medical importance. He found the native remedy of smoking the roots of ""Datura ferox"" effective in treating asthma. He however did not recommend some native remedies such as arsenic containing pills for use in snakebite. He examined t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19397540
1,899,491
1,193,954
DEL technology involves the conjugation of chemical compounds or building blocks to short DNA fragments that serve as identification bar codes and in some cases also direct and control the chemical synthesis. The technique enables the mass creation and interrogation of libraries via affinity selection, typically on an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22810768
1,193,314
1,220,102
The 1970s and 1980s were also a time when physicists and mathematicians were attempting to model and analyze how simple component units, such as atoms, give rise to global properties, such as complex material properties at low temperatures, in magnetic materials, and within turbulent flows. Using cellular automata, sci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=984692
1,219,448
49,222
Keynes's "magnum opus", "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" was published in 1936. It was researched and indexed by one of Keynes's favourite students, later the economist David Bensusan-Butt. The work served as a theoretical justification for the interventionist policies Keynes favoured for tackling...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37973
49,202
210,876
Vanadium redox flow batteries are the most marketed flow batteries at present, due to the advantages they provide over other chemistries, despite limited energy and power densities. Since they use vanadium at both electrodes, they do not suffer cross-contamination. The limited solubility of vanadium salts, however, off...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3133405
210,769
346,147
The most innovative aspect of the design was the variable-incidence wing which pivoted by 7° out of the fuselage on takeoff and landing (not to be confused with variable-sweep wing). This allowed a greater angle of attack, increasing lift without compromising forward visibility. This innovation helped the F-8's develop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=378400
345,966
283,996
Advanced care paramedic (ACP) is a level of practitioner that is in high demand by many services across Canada. However, Quebec only utilizes this level of practice in a very limited fashion as part of a pilot program in Montreal. The ACP typically carries approximately 20 different medications, although the number and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=75005
283,843
58,316
While its time with the USAF was brief, the Starfighter found much more lasting success with other NATO and allied nations. In October 1958, West Germany selected the F-104 as its primary fighter aircraft. Canada soon followed, along with the Netherlands, Belgium, Japan, and Italy. The European nations formed a constru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=82439
58,291
1,881,675
HPPS, driven by linear motors, can move at a combined high velocity on order of 3-5 m/s, high accelerations of 5-7 g, at micron or sub micron positioning accuracy with settling times on order of milliseconds and servo bandwidth of 30-50 Hz. Ball screw actuators, on the other hand, have typical bandwidth of 10-20 Hz and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66038122
1,880,594
952,222
Government policies to develop war-related industries were successful in increasing the sophistication of Australia's industrial sector and self-sufficiency in most categories of weapons. In the decades leading up to the war successive Australian governments had provided subsidies, tariffs and other incentives to encou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4578255
951,717
1,215,027
Further, if "anomie" (the feeling one has when there is no longer any type of regulation or predictability in one’s life) is a primary cause of crime, there should be a theory to explain why only some working-class people commit crimes. According to Charles R. Tittle, anomie can be considered one of eight theories or s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3849813
1,214,375
504,928
The project name is derived from a tenth century Chinese volley-firing siege weapon, known as the Ji Long Che, which could simultaneously launch large numbers of long range crossbow missiles from a safe distance. Similarly, the present-day Rapid Dragon launch system provides the tactical advantage of saturating a targe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71379304
504,666
108,487
A key element of the game for Takahashi was creating an ideal balance between gameplay and story, something that he felt was lacking in other JRPGs which focused too much on story. Takahashi's previous experiences with the "Xenosaga" games and "", which had been called out for being old-fashioned when compared to other...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25992553
108,442
137,209
Ureteroscopy has become increasingly popular as flexible and rigid fiberoptic ureteroscopes have become smaller. One ureteroscopic technique involves the placement of a ureteral stent (a small tube extending from the bladder, up the ureter and into the kidney) to provide immediate relief of an obstructed kidney. Stent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38074
137,153
37,253
More than 75 percent of Duke students pursue service-learning opportunities in Durham and around the world through DukeEngage and other programs that advance the university's mission of "knowledge in service to society." Launched in 2007, DukeEngage provides full funding for select Duke undergraduates who wish to pursu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53273
37,240
1,193,234
Another review examined different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring telehealth, Internet-based interventions, virtual reality exposure therapy, and mobile apps for PTSD. Internet-based interventions (IBIs) involve course-based computer programs that provide cognitive training, psychoeducation, and interacti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33410103
1,192,598
598,058
In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the leadership of the Soviet Union feared the United States would use its nuclear superiority to its advantage, as from 1945 to 1948 the U.S. was the only state possessing nuclear weapons. The USSR countered by rapidly developing their own nuclear weapons, surprising the US w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45876
597,753
2,215,965
Wound repair results from a complex and highly orchestrated cellular and biochemical response to tissue injury. Given that the wound repair constitutes a major issue in clinical practice with enormous healthcare costs, NFB is developing several scaffold-based platforms to induce wound healing and to restore function. F...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33775636
2,214,705
1,769,368
In the mid-1980s about 11 percent of the work force, or 50 million people, was employed by the industrial sector in state-owned enterprises, where the annual output per worker (the Chinese measure of productivity) rose by 9.4 percent to ¥15,349. In 1987 there was a severe urban unemployment problem, and a virtually unl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14189344
1,768,374
998,108
Rubrics can be classified as holistic, analytic, or developmental. Holistic rubrics integrate all aspects of the work into a single overall rating of the work. For example, "the terms and grades commonly used at university (i.e., excellent – A, good – B, average – C, poor – D, and weak – E) usually express an assessor'...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2341066
997,590
1,220,101
By the late 1960s and early 1970s, social scientists used increasingly available computing technology to perform macro-simulations of control and feedback processes in organizations, industries, cities, and global populations. These models used differential equations to predict population distributions as holistic func...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=984692
1,219,447
1,302,004
In 1974, Australian importer Ron Angel entered a "Ducati 860 SS" in the Unlimited Production event at the Easter motorbike races at Bathurst, on the mountain. This was the biggest annual motorcycle event in Australia at the time. The bike was ridden by Kenny Blake, and defeated the then dominant Kawasaki Z1 900s on the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6913139
1,301,290
1,255,128
Grossberg is a pioneer of the fields of computational neuroscience, connectionist cognitive science, and neuromorphic technology. His work focuses upon the design principles and mechanisms that enable the behavior of individuals, or machines, to adapt autonomously in real time to unexpected environmental challenges. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2593441
1,254,447
52,348
Even as the first T-64s were rolling off the assembly lines, the design team was working on a new version, named object 434, which would allow it to maintain firepower superiority. The brand new and very powerful 125 mm D-81T gun, from the Perm weapons factory, was fitted to the tank. This gun was merely a scaled-up ve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=196228
52,328
737,339
Humans are the driving force behind urban ecology and influence the environment in a variety of ways - urbanization being a key example. Urbanization is tied to social, economic and environmental processes. There are six core aspects: air pollution, ecosystems, land use, biogeochemical cycles, water pollution, solid wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=295670
736,950
1,787,735
A colorant is any substance that changes the spectral transmittance or reflectance of a material. Synthetic colorants are those created in a laboratory or industrial setting. The production and improvement of colorants was a driver of the early synthetic chemical industry, in fact many of today's largest chemical produ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62919428
1,786,730
1,011,126
The engines were developments of the Rolls-Royce Kestrel K.26, later renamed Peregrine. The first prototype, "L6844", used long exhaust ducts that were channelled through the wings and fuel tanks, exiting at the wing's trailing edge. This configuration was quickly changed to more conventional, external exhausts after W...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=91979
1,010,605
945,407
An acre is defined as the area of 10 square chains (that is, an area of one chain by one furlong), and derives from the shapes of new-tech plows and the desire to quickly survey seized church lands into a quantity of squares for quick sales by Henry VIII's agents; buyers simply wanted to know what they were buying wher...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=536505
944,905
1,240,212
In 1954, the Riga Railroad Machinery Plant built several prototype 3-car electric multiple units designated SN ("Severnaya Novaya", or "Northern New"). These had their traction motors mounted on the truck frames, which allowed them to reach speeds of up to 130 km/h. The traction motors had a 1-hour rating of 200 kW. At...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8412180
1,239,543
387,756
On 25 January 2018, an Ariane 5ECA launched SES-14 and Al Yah 3 satellites. About 9 minutes and 28 seconds after launch, a telemetry loss occurred between the launch vehicle and the ground controllers. It was later confirmed, about 1 hour and 20 minutes after launch, that both satellites were successfully separated fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3111
387,561
212,253
In recent years other Cardinal teams have gained national prominence. The women's basketball team, coached by Jeff Walz and led by first team All-American Shoni Schimmel, has been to two straight Sweet 16s and have been ranked in the top 10. In December 2008 the Cardinals broke the Big East paid attendance record when ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=385843
212,145
1,758,816
On November 10, an attempt to launch a biological mission (Missile 32E) with a squirrel monkey named Goliath ended in disaster as the Atlas's sustainer engine shut down almost immediately at liftoff, while the verniers failed to start at all. The booster engines managed to retain attitude control until a fire broke out...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20877313
1,757,823
166,321
University interpretation and up-to-date understanding of export control regulations and willingness to seek opinions from the U.S. State Department affect the research that can be conducted on their campuses; for example, the University of Michigan successfully obtained an opinion from the Department of State stating ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=612446
166,236
556,923
Another cellular case study includes quantitative estimates of the extent to which cells contributed to overall benefits. At Hughes Ground Systems Group (Fullerton, Calif.), producing circuit cards for defense equipment, the first cell, which began as a pilot project with 15 volunteers, was launched in 1987. One month ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9515578
556,634
3,750
During his short life, Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3,900 results (mostly identities and equations). Many were completely novel; his original and highly unconventional results, such as the Ramanujan prime, the Ramanujan theta function, partition formulae and mock theta functions, have opened entire new areas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47717
3,750
1,516,791
Luis Zambrano (Bailadores, 1901 – Tovar, 1990) was a Venezuelan self-taught inventor and popular technologist. He left formal education after the fourth year of primary school, but soon began to develop an interest in mechanics, enjoying discovering for himself the speed ratios produced by connecting oranges of differe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29302481
1,515,939
1,211,893
Michael DeKort, a former lead systems engineer at Lockheed Martin for Deepwater, was dissatisfied and concerned with Lockheed Martin's conduct, in particular that of Lockheed executive Fred Moosally. After a series of failed attempts to draw needed attention to a growing problem within the project, DeKort made news hea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30861125
1,211,241
833,015
In 1784, Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, discovered a black colored structure in the midbrain. In 1791 Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring alluded to this structure, calling it the substantia nigra. In the same year, Luigi Galvani described the role of electricity in nerves of dissected frogs. In 1808, Franz Joseph Gall studied and publis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=374304
832,566
694,076
Endogenous bioelectric signals are produced in cells by the cumulative action of ion channels, pumps, and transporters. In non-excitable cells, the resting potential across the plasma membrane (Vmem) of individual cells propagate across distances via electrical synapses known as gap junctions (conductors), which allow ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55498066
693,713
1,842,252
In 1969, large scale icing in Bohai Sea caused great economic loss and proved that older icebreakers built before 1950 were simply too small and too old to perform icebreaking duties effectively in severe icing conditions. Chinese premier Zhou Enlai ordered that China must build icebreakers of its own design to handle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42750891
1,841,200
1,015,626
In 2014, the airframe cost went below $100 million for the first time, and the Air Force expected unit costs to fall. A 2014 Center for International Policy study cast doubt on the number of indirect jobs created by the program, which has been a key selling point for the F-35 to Congress. Lockheed stood by their job nu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54719700
1,015,103
1,401,897
An exoenzyme, or extracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside that cell. Exoenzymes are produced by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and have been shown to be a crucial component of many biological processes. Most often these enzymes are involved in the breakdown of larger ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=539892
1,401,110
458,033
Of particular interest is the rapid increase in body size undergone by ichthyosaurs early in their evolutionary history. Ichthyosaurs evolved from small (skull length 55 mm) ancestors such as "Cartorhynchus" to giant forms like "C. youngorum" in the span of only 2.5 million years. Cetaceans meanwhile, which originated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4675514
457,810
2,069,082
The goal is to understand, predict, and communicate the impact of natural and anthropogenic influences on lake and reservoir ecosystems. The researchers include limnologists, ecologists, information technology experts, and engineers who have a common objective of building and growing a scalable, persistent network of l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11951332
2,067,891
49,217
In 1922 Keynes continued to advocate reduction of German reparations with "A Revision of the Treaty". He attacked the post-World War I deflation policies with "A Tract on Monetary Reform" in 1923a trenchant argument that countries should target stability of domestic prices, avoiding deflation even at the cost of allowi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37973
49,197
1,056,543
Kankaanranta et al. have reported their results in a prospective Phase I/II study of 30 patients with inoperable, locally recurrent squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. Patients received either two or, in a few instances, one BNCT treatment using BPA (400 mg/kg), administered i.v. over 2 hours, followe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32637211
1,055,995
1,438,101
During the Cold War era, the former Soviet Union invested heavily in science, attempting to match American achievements in nuclear science and its military and industrial applications. At the same time, the United States invested heavily in advancing its own nuclear research and development activities through a system ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5788461
1,437,291
1,859,887
RENCI at UNC-Chapel Hill opened in summer 2007 in the new Manning Information Technology Services building located on South Campus. The site supports the use of visualization technology and advanced computational methods to explore issues in science, engineering, the arts, humanities and social sciences. This state-of-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31382598
1,858,819
504,326
α Heavy chain disease (also termed immunoproliferative small intestinal disease or IPSID, Mediterranean lymphoma, and Seligmann disease) afflicts primarily individuals of Mediterranean, North African, and Middle Eastern descent of lower economic status. Many cases are centered in the Middle East and associated with rel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17475959
504,064
102,907
The level of education required in order to become competitive in a meritocracy may also be costly, effectively limiting candidacy for a position of power to those with the means necessary to become educated. An example of this was Chinese student self-declared messiah, Hong Xiuquan, who despite ranking first in a prel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20971
102,862
774,020
DNA analyses conducted since 2007 revealed the acceleration of evolution with regards to defenses against disease, skin color, nose shapes, hair color and type, and body shape since about 40,000 years ago, continuing a trend of active selection since humans emigrated from Africa 100,000 years ago. Humans living in cold...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54472601
773,604