doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
130,705 | Tactics improved as Soviet aircrews became used to the Il-2's strengths. Instead of a low horizontal straight approach at altitude, the target was usually kept to the pilot's left and a turn and shallow dive of 30 degrees was used, using an echeloned assault by four to twelve aircraft at a time. Although the Il-2's RS-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=183726 | 130,653 |
5,984 | Before takeoff, a primary alignment brought the ANS's inertial components to a high degree of accuracy. In flight, the ANS, which sat behind the reconnaissance systems officer's (RSO's), position, tracked stars through a circular quartz glass window on the upper fuselage. Its "blue light" source star tracker, which cou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55245 | 5,981 |
1,779,603 | The best example of the distinction between acuity and hyperacuity comes from vision, for example when observing stars on a night sky. The first stage is the optical imaging of the outside world on the retina. Light impinges on the mosaic of receptor sense cells, rods and cones, which covers the retinal surface without... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31923406 | 1,778,600 |
338,314 | During the twentieth century, several sauropods were assigned to Brachiosauridae, including "Astrodon", "Bothriospondylus", "Pelorosaurus", "Pleurocoelus", and "Ultrasauros". These assignments were often based on broad similarities rather than unambiguous synapomorphies, shared new traits, and most of these genera are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20598015 | 338,134 |
2,163,541 | In their first game at the Duluth Arena the Badgers faced Northern Michigan, the first time the two teams played one another. Both squads played a scoreless first period before Ed Lebler opened the scoring three minutes into the second. Two more Badgers scored before the Wildcats could get their first goal of the game ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58098318 | 2,162,305 |
1,027,411 | In 1705, three years after returning from her expedition, she published "Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium". "Metamorphosis" first was published at her own expense. Merian had returned from Suriname with sketches and notes. As the word spread among scholars in Amsterdam, visitors came to view her paintings of exot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3101059 | 1,026,877 |
989,227 | The notion that races were separate and came together by hybridism, rather than being variations from a common stock, was cast into doubt with the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species" in 1859, which Agassiz opposed till his death. Yet the influence of polygenism persisted for many years. For example, the Hamitic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2076198 | 988,711 |
869,936 | The next year Louis Blériot flew the Blériot VII, a tractor monoplane with full three-axis control using the horizontal tail surfaces as combined elevators and ailerons. Its immediate descendant, the Blériot VIII, was the very first airframe to bring together the recognizable elements of the modern aircraft flight cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1607990 | 869,476 |
345,893 | The university arose around mutual aid societies (known as "universitates scholarium") of foreign students called "nations" (as they were grouped by nationality) for protection against city laws which imposed collective punishment on foreigners for the crimes and debts of their countrymen. These students then hired sch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=263329 | 345,712 |
1,307,319 | Analogue calculating machines seek solutions to equations by translating them into physical phenomena. Numbers are represented by physical magnitudes such as may be done with certain rotational axes, potentials, electrical or electromagnetic states, and so on. A mathematical process is thereby transformed by these mach... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=182044 | 1,306,603 |
1,670,814 | In-session focus exercises in an atmosphere of "felt safety" help patients confront the feared stimuli and modify the Pavlovian fear driving the refractory emotional state. Learning appropriate non-avoidant ways to deal with the fear stimuli also decreases Skinnerian avoidance behavior and prepares the way for mood cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6093501 | 1,669,874 |
1,414,914 | The formation of calcium carbonate as a byproduct of microbial activity is an additional method for "engineering" the self-healing ability of concrete. It holds the potential for active and long-lasting crack repair while also being a potentially ecologically beneficial technique. Calcium carbonate (CaCO), often known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69140980 | 1,414,117 |
1,884,068 | In 2012, Wild continued to extend his description of the exposome and its entailments. He includes internal bodily processes such as metabolism, hormones, microflora and oxidative stress, external exposures such as radiation, infectious agents and diet, and additionally social, economic and psychological exposures. Inc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4906070 | 1,882,987 |
1,840,302 | The survival of passage tombs is variable and dependent upon many factors. The excavation of two later Neolithic passage graves at Balnuaran of Clava demonstrated that their architecture was inherently unstable and would have likely collapsed within decades of their construction. Earlier examples, including the Orkney-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49823773 | 1,839,250 |
1,011,483 | In the 1970s, the management of information largely concerned matters closer to what would now be called data management: punched cards, magnetic tapes and other record-keeping media, involving a life cycle of such formats requiring origination, distribution, backup, maintenance and disposal. At this time the huge pote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=464877 | 1,010,962 |
227,890 | The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS), operated by Southern California Edison (SCE) is approximately 100 km (60 mi) south of Los Angeles, 6.5 km (4 mi) south of San Clemente, CA. It is located between I-5 and the Pacific Ocean, within the boundary of the Camp Pendleton military reserve. The site originally ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1780952 | 227,773 |
520,271 | On January 10, 2022, Uchimura officially announced his retirement from the sport of gymnastics. He had been plagued with various stubborn injuries ever since his withdrawal from the 2017 World Championships due to an ankle injury sustained after an awkward vault landing during qualification rounds of the men's individu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18787707 | 520,000 |
1,190,391 | Born in Norwich, Connecticut, the son of Eliza ("née" Coit) and mill owner William Charles Gilman, a descendant of Edward Gilman, one of the first settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, of Thomas Dudley, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and one of the founders of Harvard College, and of Thomas Adgate, one of the fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=384781 | 1,189,757 |
665,509 | The first 100 years or so of college education in the American Colonies were dominated in New England by the Puritan theology of William Ames and "the sixteenth-century logical methods of Petrus Ramus." Then in 1714, a donation of 800 books from England, collected by Colonial Agent Jeremiah Dummer, arrived at Yale. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22943476 | 665,162 |
1,372,624 | He is said to have been born at the end of Thutmose III's reign, in the town of Athribis (modern Banha in the north of Cairo). His father was Hapu, and his mother Itu. Though little about Amenhotep's early life is known prior to his entering civil service, it is believed that he learned to read and write at the local l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6975055 | 1,371,867 |
2,015,534 | As with other members of the Field Elm group, the taxonomy of Plot Elm has been a matter of contention, several authorities, notably Professor Clive A. Stace in "New Flora of the British Isles" (2010), recognizing it as a species in its own right. It is as "U. plotii" that the specimens held by the Royal Botanic Garden... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5961044 | 2,014,374 |
1,323,448 | Droplet-based microfluidic devices coupled to HPLC have high detection sensitivity, use low volumes of reagents, have short analysis times, and minimal cross-contamination of analytes, which make them efficient in many aspects. However, there are still problems associated with microscale chromatography such as dispersi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54022162 | 1,322,722 |
1,772,024 | Of interest from the days of the Viking Orbiters are piles of material surrounding cliffs. These deposits of rock debris are called lobate debris aprons (LDAs). These features have a convex topography and a gentle slope from cliffs or escarpments; this suggests flow away from the steep source cliff. In addition, lobate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32939362 | 1,771,027 |
334,314 | The student-run newspaper "The Daily Tar Heel" is ranked highly by "The Princeton Review", and received the 2004–5 National Pacemaker Award from the Associated Collegiate Press. Founded in 1977, WXYC 89.3 FM is UNC-Chapel Hill's student radio station that broadcasts 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Programming is left ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=89510 | 334,136 |
956,254 | To support the war effort, Haldane volunteered for and joined the British Army, and was commissioned a temporary second lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion of the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) on 15 August 1914. He was assigned as the trench mortar officer, to lead his team for hand-bombing the enemy trenches, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62417 | 955,749 |
870,451 | The file format used by Draw was documented and extensible, and a range of tools emerged to manipulate Draw files for such purposes as distorting or transforming images or objects within images. Amongst them was the Draw+ (or DrawPlus) application which defined other object types and also added other editing features, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63145 | 869,991 |
1,006,786 | In 1927, Harry Ricardo published a study on the concept of the sleeve valve engine. In it, he wrote that traditional poppet valve engines would be unlikely to produce much more than 1,500 hp (1,100 kW), a figure that many companies were eyeing for next generation engines. To pass this limit, the sleeve valve would have... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=158783 | 1,006,267 |
1,252,352 | Baxandall was born in Cardiff, the only son of David Baxandall, a curator who was at one time director of the National Gallery of Scotland. He went to Manchester Grammar School and studied English at Downing College, Cambridge, where he was taught by F. R. Leavis. In 1955 he departed for the Continent. He spent a year ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4639290 | 1,251,674 |
1,896,042 | On 25 March 1944, the 231st AAF BU became the base operating unit, and in 1946 the post-war Alamogordo AAF was "manned by a skeleton crew merely as a plane refueling station, [for] emergency landings, etc" (the USACE property division "acquired...exclusive use of all private lands and interests within the Alamogordo Bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2467431 | 1,894,958 |
1,135,365 | Described by the New York City Ballet as "an eight-minute display of ballet bravura and technique," "Tschaikovsky Pas de Deux" opens with an expectant, lyrical "entrée", as the dancers discover each other on stage, join hands, and take an opening pose. This leads into a softly romantic "grand adage" of balances, turns,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14528918 | 1,134,772 |
207,783 | The first Class-D amplifier was invented by British scientist Alec Reeves in the 1950s and was first called by that name in 1955. The first commercial product was a kit module called the X-10 released by Sinclair Radionics in 1964. However, it had an output power of only 2.5 watts. The Sinclair X-20 in 1966 produced 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2166803 | 207,676 |
1,721,427 | "T. bifasciatum" do not have distinct territories and their populations roam freely. Also, the females usually do not leave their original spawning spots. The males are known be taken away or leave. A plausible reason for why the females stay could be that they are most accustomed to those areas, and also because the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2357704 | 1,720,457 |
1,518,564 | Of all the state-based RPS programs in place today, no two are the same. Each has been designed taking into account state-specific policy objectives (e.g. economic growth, diversity of energy supply, environmental concerns), local resource endowment, political considerations, and the capacity to expand renewable energy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9238407 | 1,517,706 |
316,423 | The major militaries of today are largely set up to fight the "last war" (previous war) and hence have huge armoured and conventionally configured infantry formations backed up by air-forces and navies designed to support or prepare for these forces. Many are today deployed against guerrilla-style opponents where their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=91515 | 316,254 |
914,362 | The earliest recorded systems of weights and measures originate in the 3rd or 4th millennium BC. Even the very earliest civilizations needed measurement for purposes of agriculture, construction and trade. Early standard units might only have applied to a single community or small region, with every area developing its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2752651 | 913,883 |
29,736 | Under UC President William Wallace Campbell, enrollment at the Southern Branch expanded so rapidly that by the mid-1920s the institution was outgrowing the 25 acre Vermont Avenue location. The Regents searched for a new location and announced their selection of the so-called "Beverly Site"—just west of Beverly Hills—on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37765 | 29,726 |
895,540 | The code position assigned to Null was in fact used only for the idle state of teleprinters. During long periods of idle time, the impulse rate was not synchronized between both devices (which could even be powered off or not permanently interconnected on commuted phone lines). To start a message it was first necessary... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4748 | 895,069 |
2,007,329 | Researchers in the Netherlands have succeeded in building nanoreactors that can perform one-pot multistep reactions - the next step towards artificial cell-like devices in addition for applications involving the screening and diagnosis of a disease or illness. A biochemical nanoreactor is created simply by unwrapping a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33599550 | 2,006,178 |
1,573,134 | Patch-seq integrative dataset allows for a comprehensive characterization of cell types, particularly in neurons. Neuroscientists have applied this technique to a variety of experiments and protocols to discover new cell subtypes based on correlations between transcriptomic data and neuronal morpho-electric properties.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66692692 | 1,572,245 |
1,864,123 | The school promotes scientific research and subject construction by strengthening the teacher team. It has more than 1100 staffs now, including 600 doctors and masters. The school has established a scientific team. It devotes to scientific research and has achieved many scientific payoffs. It obtains 33 patents authori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33158136 | 1,863,051 |
1,217,287 | Without proper phosphorylation of hPER2 in the instance of a mutation in the CK1 binding site, less "Per2" mRNA is transcribed and the period is shortened to less than 24 hours. Individuals with a shortened period due to this phosphorylation disruption entrain to a 24h light-dark cycle, which may lead to a phase advanc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231017 | 1,216,634 |
985,549 | Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used extensively on the surface of superalloy in both commercial and military gas turbine engines to increase component life and engine performance. A coating of about 1-200 µm can reduce the temperature at the superalloy surface by up to 200K. TBCs are really a system of coatings co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2025632 | 985,035 |
1,119,509 | Research using ADPKD mouse models showed that mild food restriction strongly improved disease progression. The mechanism was shown to involve the metabolic state of ketosis, and beneficial effects could be produced by time-restricted feeding, acute fasting, a ketogenic diet, or by supplementation with the ketone beta-h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24595 | 1,118,936 |
143,737 | Initiating a nuclear explosive device above, on, or slightly beneath, the surface of a threatening celestial body is a potential deflection option, with the optimal detonation height dependent upon the composition and size of the object. It does not require the entire NEO to be vaporized to mitigate an impact threat. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=174069 | 143,679 |
480,960 | Today, St. Louis Children's Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri has a "Center for Cerebral Palsy Spasticity" that is the only internationally known clinic in the world to have conducted concentrated first-hand clinical research on SDR over an extended period. Its chief neurosurgeon in the field, Doctor T.S. Park (who was i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8417113 | 480,716 |
2,109,896 | He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, the son of Timothy Paine and Sarah Chandler. He was educated at Harvard College, then studied medicine with Doctor Edward Augustus Holyoke and set up practice in Worcester in 1771. In 1773, he married Lois Orne. In 1774, he signed a protest against the activities of the pre-revo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15361772 | 2,108,682 |
687,281 | Along with his colleague Wei Pu in the Bureau of Astronomy, Shen Kuo planned to plot out the exact coordinates of planetary and lunar movements by recording their astronomical observations three times a night for a continuum of five years. The Song astronomers of Shen's day still retained the lunar theory and coordinat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1102000 | 686,924 |
1,174,807 | Geoarchaeology is a multi-disciplinary approach which uses the techniques and subject matter of geography, geology, geophysics and other Earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological knowledge and thought. Geoarchaeologists study the natural physical processes that affect archaeological sites such as geo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1149904 | 1,174,185 |
65,868 | One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled "What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain": the paper examined the visual responses of neurons in the retina and optic tectum of frogs, and came to the conclusion that some neurons in the tectum of the frog are wired to combine elementary respons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3717 | 65,843 |
569,330 | Emotion recognition is used in society for a variety of reasons. Affectiva, which spun out of MIT, provides artificial intelligence software that makes it more efficient to do tasks previously done manually by people, mainly to gather facial expression and vocal expression information related to specific contexts where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48198256 | 569,040 |
1,074,074 | A book published in 1992 described how the operation was carried out at that time. In most cases the procedure started with the medical team taking a number of CT scan X-ray images of the brain of the patient. This step ensured that the exact target, the cingulate cortex was mapped out, so that the surgeon could identi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46214 | 1,073,520 |
1,408,608 | UCNP-based systems can couple both light-based techniques and current-based techniques. This optical stimulation of semiconductors is then coupled with voltage-based stimulation in order to store information. Other advantages of utilizing UCNPs for flash drives include that all materials employed are photo- and thermal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52499698 | 1,407,817 |
581,971 | Albert Einstein's development of the theory of relativity in 1905 led to the understanding that nuclear reactions could create new elements from smaller precursors with the loss of energy. In his treatise "Stars and Atoms", Arthur Eddington suggested that pressures and temperatures within stars were great enough for hy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17052696 | 581,673 |
495,365 | Early in the morning of 2 October 2000 at the High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility (HELSTF), Lightcraft Technologies, Inc. (LTI) with the help of Franklin B. Mead of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Leik Myrabo set a new world's altitude record of 233 feet (71 m) for its 4.8 inch (12.2 cm) diameter, , lase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37850 | 495,109 |
669 | The F-35 was initially supported by a computerized maintenance management system named Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS). In concept, any F-35 can be serviced at any maintenance facility and all parts can be globally tracked and shared as needed. Due to numerous problems, such as unreliable diagnoses, exces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11812 | 669 |
427,670 | The striking, second part of the motif shows echoes of the so-called Dresden amen. As Clemens Brinkmann states in principle: "Under the influence of Mendelssohn and Wagner, Bruckner used the 'Dresden amen' in his church music and symphonic works". The third, brooding motif in pianissimo is marked by the "tired seconds ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2052551 | 427,460 |
341,347 | According to Navajo myth, the carcasses of slain monsters were "beaten into the earth", but were impossible to obliterate, and fossils have traditionally been interpreted as their remains. While Navajo people have helped paleontologists locate fossils since the 19th century, traditional beliefs suggest that the ghosts ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=444541 | 341,166 |
700,901 | By the end of 2005, 195 nuclear submarines had been ordered or built in the US (including the NR-1 Deep Submergence Craft and , but none of the later ). The last of the regular attack boats, , was decommissioned in 2001, and , a highly modified "Sturgeon", was decommissioned in 2004. The last of the initial "41 for Fre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29091 | 700,536 |
577,805 | The engine used is a Ruston Paxman 12RK3ACT unit, rated to produce up to 3,300 HP (2,460 kW). In comparison to the Class 56, it was able to achieve a 5-6 percent reduction in fuel consumption, in part due to simplification measures such as a lower cylinder count and the use of only a single turbocharger. A significant ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2725672 | 577,509 |
300,356 | Several days before the opening of 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference a report was published, sponsored by some of the biggest agricultural companies. The report was produced by Sustainable Markets Initiative an organisation of companies, trying to become climate friendly, established by the king Charles III... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43674427 | 300,195 |
1,753,964 | In this more general form of the Rasch model for dichotomous data, the "score" on a particular item is defined as the count of the number of threshold locations on the latent trait surpassed by the individual. This does not mean that a measurement process entails making such counts in a literal sense; rather, threshold... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2165800 | 1,752,974 |
1,469,144 | Kołakowski discusses the origins, philosophical roots, golden age and breakdown of Marxism, and the various schools of Marxist philosophy. He describes Marxism as "the greatest fantasy of the twentieth century", a dream of a perfect society which became a foundation for "a monstrous edifice of lies, exploitation and op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34430017 | 1,468,320 |
1,466,034 | There are about fifty-nine members of the family Heteromyidae divided among six genera. They are all small rodents, the largest being the giant kangaroo rat ("Dipodomys ingens") with a body length of and a tail a little longer than this. In many species the tail is tufted and is mainly used for balance. Other adaptatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1269227 | 1,465,211 |
723,289 | In the period from 1930 to 1933, Milankovitch worked on the problem of numerical secular rotation pole movements. The Earth as a whole he considered as a fluid body, which in the case of short-duration forces behaves as a solid body, but under an influence behaves as an elastic body. Using vector analysis he made a mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=150014 | 722,909 |
1,718,047 | Since the start of the war, the Iraq Survey Group had been working to collect and catalog weapons of mass destruction throughout Iraq. In 2005, a collaborative effort with the Central Intelligence Agency Baghdad station and Army HUMINT yielded an Iraqi source in possession of remnant chemical weapon stockpiles and muni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67447284 | 1,717,077 |
440,529 | Multi-channel SSA (or M-SSA) is a natural extension of SSA to an formula_41-channel time series of vectors or maps with formula_42 data points formula_43. In the meteorological literature, extended EOF (EEOF) analysis is often assumed to be synonymous with M-SSA. The two methods are both extensions of classical princip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15620003 | 440,315 |
115,005 | Rawls received his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1950 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "A Study in the Grounds of Ethical Knowledge: Considered with Reference to Judgments on the Moral Worth of Character". Rawls taught there until 1952 when he received a Fulbright Fellowship to Oxford University (Christ Church... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=123612 | 114,960 |
1,389,489 | Eye movement in reading involves the visual processing of written text. This was described by the French ophthalmologist Louis Émile Javal in the late 19th century. He reported that eyes do not move continuously along a line of text, but make short, rapid movements (saccades) intermingled with short stops (fixations). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8128856 | 1,388,718 |
352,268 | Development of the B-47 can be traced back to a requirement expressed by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in 1943 for a reconnaissance bomber that harnessed newly developed jet propulsion. Another key innovation adopted during the development process was the swept wing, drawing upon captured German research. W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=193885 | 352,085 |
22,134 | Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, fruits, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America, and help... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6868 | 22,125 |
2,168,496 | Laboratory phonology is an approach to phonology that emphasizes the synergy between phonological theory and scientific experiments, including laboratory studies of human speech and experiments on the acquisition and productivity of phonological patterns. The central goal of laboratory phonology is "gaining an understa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33020048 | 2,167,259 |
1,899,946 | The fixed relationships of the elliptic cam ring are replaced by 4 curved surface (cupped) movable pistons located at the 4 sealing areas, at 12,3,6, and 9 o'clock like the face of a clock. The curvature of each piston rides on a 'hydrodynamic oil bearing' similar to hydroplaning tires in the wet and this virtually eli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3223264 | 1,898,860 |
1,369,705 | The analysis of the null space of matrices is implemented in software packages specialized for matrix operations such as Matlab and Octave. Determination of the null space of formula_32 tells us all the possible collections of flux vectors (or linear combinations thereof) that balance fluxes within the biological netwo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4101904 | 1,368,949 |
1,000,967 | According to the de Broglie relation, electrons with kinetic energy of have a wavelength of . The experimental outcome was via Bragg's law, which closely matched the predictions. As Davisson and Germer state in their 1928 follow-up paper to their Nobel prize winning paper, "These results, including the failure of the d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1828131 | 1,000,449 |
1,123,552 | Grignard was the son of a sail maker. His character was described as having humble and friendly attitude. After attempting to major in mathematics, Grignard failed his entrance exams before being drafted into the army in 1892. After one year of service, he went back to pursue mathematics at the University of Lyon and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=900383 | 1,122,978 |
572,126 | After 1990, Hacking shifted his focus somewhat from the natural sciences to the human sciences, partly under the influence of the work of Michel Foucault. Foucault was an influence as early as 1975 when Hacking wrote "Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy?" and "The Emergence of Probability". In the latter book, Hacki... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=322956 | 571,833 |
19,596 | The project was originally developed on behalf of the U.S. intelligence community and continues to receive U.S. government funding, and has been criticized as "more resembl[ing] a spook project than a tool designed by a culture that values accountability or transparency". , 80% of The Tor Project's $2M annual budget ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20556944 | 19,588 |
646,927 | After Duclaux's death, Roux took his place as head of the institute, and the last research he carried out was the one on syphilis, a dangerous disease because of its immediate effects and the hereditary repercussions that result from it. Despite Fournier’s considerable work, van Swieten’s liquid mercury was still the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=866902 | 646,587 |
713,750 | A commercial beverage containing "L. casei" strain Shirota has been shown to inhibit the "in vivo" growth of "Helicobacter pylori", but when the same beverage was consumed by humans in a small trial, "H. pylori" colonization decreased only slightly, and the trend was not statistically significant. Some "L. casei" strai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2720799 | 713,378 |
930,884 | In 1831 John Herschel (1792–1871) published "A Preliminary Discourse on the study of Natural Philosophy", setting out the principles of science. Measuring and comparing observations was to be used to find generalisations in "empirical laws", which described regularities in phenomena, then natural philosophers were to w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143150 | 930,393 |
549,059 | The modes of action by which antimicrobial peptides kill microbes are varied, and may differ for different bacterial species. Some antimicrobial peptides kill both bacteria and fungi, e.g., psoriasin kills "E. coli" and several filamentous fungi. The cytoplasmic membrane is a frequent target, but peptides may also inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2065768 | 548,771 |
145,373 | More benign refrigerants are currently the subject of research, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, known as R-744. These have similar efficiencies compared to existing CFC- and HFC-based compounds, and have many orders of magnitude lower global warming potential. General industry and governing body push are toward m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4702515 | 145,315 |
213,071 | A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10 m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=255954 | 212,963 |
732,010 | In April 2021, the first prototype 3D printed house made out of clay, "Tecla", was completed. The low-carbon housing was printed by two large synchronized arms from a mixture of locally sourced soil and water as well as fibers from rice husks and a binder. Such buildings could be highly cheap, well-insulated, stable an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38673321 | 731,623 |
1,186,694 | The PSP's main microprocessor is a multifunction device named "Allegrex" that includes a 32-bit MIPS32 R4k-based CPU (Little Endian), a Floating Point Unit, and a Vector Floating Point Unit. Additionally, there is a processor block known as "Media Engine" that contains another 32-bit MIPS32 R4k-base CPU, hardware for m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16354585 | 1,186,065 |
817,627 | African cichlids also offer some evidence for sympatric speciation. They show a large amount of diversity in the African Great Lakes. Many studies point to sexual selection as a way of maintaining reproductive isolation. Female choice with regards to male coloration is one of the more studied modes of sexual selection ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=487641 | 817,191 |
249,353 | Established in 1972 as a branch of the main Health Sciences Center campus in Oklahoma City, the OU School of Community Medicine, formerly the College of Medicine–Tulsa, has enabled the university to establish medical residencies and provide for expanded health care capabilities in the state. Between 1972 and 1999, OU's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=323072 | 249,223 |
1,642,492 | Terahertz imaging has advantages over the more expensive and shorter range X-ray scanners. A variety of materials are transparent to terahertz radiation, which allows it to measure the thickness, density, and structural properties of materials that are difficult to detect. Since terahertz is not ionizing radiation, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8908661 | 1,641,565 |
1,793,933 | The Pleistocene saw the sea retreat from the basin as global sea-level fell due to accumulation of ice sheets. The major changes during the Pleistocene epoch have been brought about by several recent ice ages. During glaciation, water was taken from the oceans to form the ice at high latitudes, causing global sea level... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20303275 | 1,792,924 |
1,876,510 | For larger operations in the remote mountains or desert, a helicopter would fly along ridgetops and ignite hundreds of hectares by dropping DAIDs. The fire would be allowed to trickle slowly down the north facing slopes in the evening until it went out overnight with the dew the following morning or ran into a wet gull... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57882206 | 1,875,432 |
84,098 | A process of osmosis through semipermeable membranes was first observed in 1748 by Jean-Antoine Nollet. For the following 200 years, osmosis was only a phenomenon observed in the laboratory. In 1950, the University of California at Los Angeles first investigated desalination of seawater using semipermeable membranes. R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18589212 | 84,064 |
399,909 | The main goal of a robotic prosthesis is to provide active actuation during gait to improve the biomechanics of gait, including, among other things, stability, symmetry, or energy expenditure for amputees. There are several powered prosthetic legs currently on the market, including fully powered legs, in which actuator... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72750 | 399,710 |
61,290 | A 2011 study in animal cognition titled "Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus," named after the children's book "Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus!", examined spatial cognition in pigeons by studying their flight patterns between multiple feeders in a laboratory in relation to the travelling salesman problem. In the first exp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31248 | 61,265 |
435,373 | During this period, people were fascinated by the new technology of electricity, and many believed it had miraculous curative or "vitalizing" powers. Medical ethics were also looser, and doctors could experiment on their patients. By the turn of the century, application of high voltage, "high frequency" currents to the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56714254 | 435,159 |
653,704 | Adult freshwater eels are elongated with tubelike, snake-shaped bodies. They have large, pointed heads and their dorsal fins are usually continuous with their caudal and anal fins, to form a fringe lining the posterior end of their bodies. They have relatively well developed eyes and pectoral fins compared to saltwater... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2349109 | 653,360 |
1,997,158 | The 1970s witnessed the appointment of a second full-time photography instructor and a move from two dark, sparse and ill-ventilated rooms in the old Central Technical College in George Street to spacious new air-conditioned premises at the Seven Hills campus. The combination of this modern teaching facility, emerging ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4600223 | 1,996,015 |
1,445,849 | Ecosystem-based management is an environmental management approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including humans, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. It can be applied to studies in the terrestrial and marine environments with challe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19236636 | 1,445,033 |
1,422,850 | The History of The Citadel began in the early 1820s with the formation of a militia and state arsenal in response to an alleged slave revolt in 1822. By 1842 the arsenal grew into an academy, with the Legislature establishing it as the South Carolina Military Academy. Cadets played a key role in the Civil War, by firin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48639384 | 1,422,049 |
1,694,827 | War games held by "Generalmajor" (Major-General) Kurt von Tippelskirch, the chief of army intelligence and Oberst Ulrich Liss of "Fremde Heere West" (FHW, Foreign Armies West), tested the concept of an offensive through the Ardennes. Liss thought that swift reactions could not be expected from the "systematic French or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51751618 | 1,693,876 |
635,078 | The history of logarithms is the story of a correspondence (in modern terms, a group isomorphism) between multiplication on the positive real numbers and addition on the real number line that was formalized in seventeenth century Europe and was widely used to simplify calculation until the advent of the digital compute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8185549 | 634,739 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.