doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
1,643,717
Thus, chemostratigraphy generally provides two useful types of information to the larger geological community. First, chemostratigraphy can be used to investigate environmental change on the local, regional, and global levels by relating variations in rock chemistry to changes in the environment in which the sediment w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4240819
1,642,790
605,277
It has been argued that sound scientific support is lacking for the claim that the specified purely bedside tests have the power to diagnose true and total death of the brainstem, the necessary condition for the assumption of permanent loss of the intrinsically untestable consciousness-arousal function of those element...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26700042
604,967
162,152
Indeed, even if Britain was far better off compared to the badly battered Continent, economic stagnation lasted the whole decade. Overall growth averaged 1.8% per annum during the 1920s, slightly weaker but comparable to the United States. Slow growth was due in part to Britain's heavy dependence on exports, and world ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33643110
162,067
1,033,046
The zamindari system was one of two principal revenue settlements undertaken by the Company in India. In southern India, Thomas Munro, who would later become Governor of Madras, promoted the "ryotwari" system, in which the government settled land-revenue directly with the peasant farmers, or "ryots". This was, in part,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21670823
1,032,510
78,731
The F-16XL featured a novel 'cranked-arrow' type of delta wing with more than twice the area of the standard F-16 wing. Developed under a program originally known as the Supersonic Cruise and Maneuvering Program (SCAMP), the design was intended to offer low drag at high subsonic or supersonic speeds without compromisin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18895385
78,698
17,089
Following Patton's resignation, Woodrow Wilson, an alumnus and popular professor, was elected the 13th president of the university. Noticing falling academic standards, Wilson orchestrated significant changes to the curriculum, where freshman and sophomores followed a unified curriculum while juniors and seniors concen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23922
17,084
1,023,903
A major concern in achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, is the lack of representation for ecosystem health. The effects of a healthy ecosystem, particularly in the context of an ocean, can trickle down and fulfill several initiatives within various SDG targets. A healthy, diverse ecosystem, particular...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64523160
1,023,370
1,984,719
Dr. Hugenholtz and colleagues from the University of Queensland in Australia, have completed shotgun sequencing of lyophilized cells of "V. chlorellavourus" strain in culture with "Chlorella vulgaris." Subsequently, Soo and Hugenholtz's team performed a genomic reconstruction in 2014 from a culture previously deposited...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46543992
1,983,580
1,597,120
On the 17 December 2021, Jackson explained that some of the implications for New Zealand of the arrival of the Omicron variant included the need to bring boosters of the vaccine forward and possibly a review of the opening of the borders scheduled for January 2022 which could affect overseas travel plans. He said that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69753744
1,596,221
226,367
The Demeter Association also recommends that the individual design of the land "by the farmer, as determined by site conditions, is one of the basic tenets of biodynamic agriculture. This principle emphasizes that humans have a responsibility for the development of their ecological and social environment which goes bey...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=445231
226,251
529,522
The C6N originated from a 1942 Imperial Japanese Navy specification for a carrier-based reconnaissance plane with a top speed of 350 knots (650 km/h) at 6,000 m and range of 2,500 nautical miles (4,960 km). Nakajima's initial proposal, designated N-50, was for a craft with two engines housed in tandem in the fuselage, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1160838
529,248
1,566,890
In the typical PAC spectrometer, a setup of four 90° and 180° planar arrayed detectors or six octahedral arrayed detectors are placed around the radioactive source sample. The detectors used are scintillation crystals of BaF or NaI. For modern instruments today mainly LaBr:Ce or CeBr are used. Photomultipliers convert ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802
1,566,003
305,187
Labor governments in Britain and Australia were disastrous failures. In the United States, the New Deal liberalism of President Franklin D. Roosevelt won mass support and deprived socialists of any chance of gaining ground. In Germany, it was the fascists of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party who successfully exploited the Depr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246185
305,025
559,142
Just authored two books, "Basic Methods for Experiments on Eggs of Marine Animals" (1939) and "The Biology of the Cell Surface" (1939), and he also published at least seventy papers in the areas of cytology, fertilization and early embryonic development. He discovered what is known as the fast block to polyspermy; he f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7575460
558,853
1,787,851
Probability is used to characterize the degree of belief in the truth of an assertion. The basis for such a belief can be a physical system that produces outcomes at a rate that is uniform over time, such as a gaming device like a roulette wheel or a die. With such a system, the observer does not influence the outcome;...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50123287
1,786,846
326,867
Research indicates that technological superiority and higher land productivity had significant positive effects on population density but insignificant effects on the standard of living during the time period 1–1500 AD. In addition, scholars have reported on the lack of a significant trend of wages in various places ov...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1454728
326,693
188,340
Another early theory of geomorphology was devised by Song dynasty Chinese scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095). This was based on his observation of marine fossil shells in a geological stratum of a mountain hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean. Noticing bivalve shells running in a horizontal span along the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=78534
188,243
893,448
2013: Mercedes updated Pre-Safe on the W222 S-Class as plus with cross-traffic assist. Pre-Safe with pedestrian detection and City Brake function is a combination of stereo camera and radar sensors to detect pedestrians in front of the vehicle. Visual and acoustic warnings are triggered when a hazard is spotted. If the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18012843
892,978
126,507
These rules have included the banning of such ideas as the "wing car" (ground effect) in 1983 (reintroduced in 2022); the turbocharger in 1989 (these were reintroduced for 2014); active suspension and ABS in 1994; slick tyres in 1998 (these were reintroduced for 2009); smaller front and rear wings and a reduction in en...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=645083
126,455
771,205
The original XP-39 was built with a V-1710 augmented by a General Electric Type B-5 turbo-supercharger as specified by Fighter Projects Officer Lieutenant Benjamin S. Kelsey and his colleague Gordon P. Saville. Numerous changes were made to the design during a period of time when Kelsey's attention was focused elsewher...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=76309
770,791
1,497,285
The extensive usage of machine learning in various fields has led to a wide range of algorithms of learning methods being applied. The machine learning algorithm applied in solving earth science problem in much interest to the researchers. Choosing the optimal algorithm for a specific purpose can lead to a significant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68735447
1,496,442
86,063
In a sense somewhat unrelated to its use in any biological disciplines, the term "epigenetic" has also been used in developmental psychology to describe psychological development as the result of an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity and the environment. Interactive ideas of development have been disc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49033
86,029
1,209,962
Vico began the third edition with a detailed close reading of a front piece portrait, examining the place of Gentile nations within the providential guidance of the Hebrew God. This portrait contains a number of images that are symbolically ascribed to the flow of human history. A triangle with the Eye of Providence ap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28999214
1,209,315
444,777
As a physician, Malpighi's medical consultations with his patients, which were mostly those belonging to social elite classes, proved useful in better understanding the links between the human anatomy, disease pathology, and treatments for said diseases. Furthermore, Malpighi conducted his consultations not only by bed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20428
444,562
1,810,975
Combined, Hsp90A and Hsp90B are predicted to interact with 10% of the eukaryotic proteome. In humans this represents a network of roughly 2,000 interacting proteins. Presently over 725 interactions have been experimentally documented for both HSP90A and Hsp90B. This connectivity allows Hsp90 to function as a network hu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14087410
1,809,942
797,560
These examples of applications took place during the 2018 Advanced Naval Technology exercises, in August at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. The first example of unmanned underwater vehicles was displayed by Northrop Grumman with their air drop sonobuoy's from a fire scout aircraft. Throughout the de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4778319
797,135
1,204,993
LOFAR consists of a vast array of omnidirectional radio antennas using a modern concept, in which the signals from the separate antennas are not connected directly electrically to act as a single large antenna, as they are in most array antennas. Instead, the LOFAR dipole antennas (of two types) are distributed in stat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1524766
1,204,348
140,671
Emotional prosody was considered by Charles Darwin in "The Descent of Man" to predate the evolution of human language: "Even monkeys express strong feelings in different tones – anger and impatience by low, – fear and pain by high notes." Native speakers listening to actors reading emotionally neutral text while projec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1411106
140,614
1,733,913
A substantial source of funding, mainly for more basic research, comes from bi-national funds. The leading one is The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD). BARD is a competitive funding program for mutually beneficial, mission-oriented, strategic and applied research of ag...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6570637
1,732,936
1,233,706
Several attempts have been made to make ethics computable, or at least formal. Whereas Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics are usually not considered to be suitable for an artificial moral agent, it has been studied whether Kant's categorical imperative can be used. However, it has been pointed out that human value i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32237314
1,233,043
202,931
Phylogenetics and sequence alignment are closely related fields due to the shared necessity of evaluating sequence relatedness. The field of phylogenetics makes extensive use of sequence alignments in the construction and interpretation of phylogenetic trees, which are used to classify the evolutionary relationships be...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=149289
202,827
329,900
The study of pathology, including the detailed examination of the body, including dissection and inquiry into specific maladies, dates back to antiquity. Rudimentary understanding of many conditions was present in most early societies and is attested to in the records of the earliest historical societies, including tho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48791
329,725
2,146,306
In addition to her research, Warner was involved in many scientific organisations, often in a leadership role. She was a member of NERC, the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, the Roslin Institute, the editorial board of "The Journal of Physiology", the Com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18517854
2,145,075
1,750,915
The 'age' of a reconstructed sequence is determined using a molecular clock model, and often several are employed. This dating technique is often calibrated using geological time-points (such as ancient ocean constituents or BIFs) and while these clocks offer the only method of inferring a very ancient protein's age, t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39867144
1,749,929
270,942
Titchener responded in "Philosophical Review" (1898, 1899) by distinguishing his austere "structural" approach to psychology from what he termed the Chicago group's more applied "functional" approach, and thus began the first major theoretical rift in American psychology between Structuralism and Functionalism. The gro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1573230
270,794
1,971,087
Horton described the book as persuasive and credited LeVay, along with other researchers, with helping make a strong but not definitive case that biological influences play an important or even decisive role in "determining sexual preference among males", and with "taking a "broad philosophical perspective in his discu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41143724
1,969,953
1,488,103
Many argue that the next human metasystem transition consists of a merger of biological metasystems with technological metasystems, especially information processing technology. Several cumulative major transitions of evolution have transformed life through key innovations in information storage and replication, includ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2466610
1,487,264
583,937
The general principle of seismic reflection is to send elastic waves (using an energy source such as dynamite explosion or Vibroseis) into the Earth, where each layer within the Earth reflects a portion of the wave's energy back and allows the rest to refract through. These reflected energy waves are recorded over a pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=676418
583,638
1,114,662
For launches from the Eastern Range, which includes Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, the Mission Flight Control Officer (MFCO) is responsible for ensuring public safety from the vehicle during its flight up to orbital insertion, or, in the event that the launch is of a ballistic type, until ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16537446
1,114,094
370,900
The complex composition and improper handling of e-waste adversely affect human health. A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence has led to increased concern about the potential threat of e-waste to human health, especially in developing countries such as India and China. For instance, in terms of health...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3887690
370,706
705,480
By 1974, a team of Rothamsted Research scientists had discovered three pyrethroids (MoA 3a), suitable for use in agriculture, namely permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. These compounds were subsequently licensed by the NRDC, as NRDC 143, 149 and 161 respectively, to companies which could then develop them for sa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13569091
705,111
1,822,404
Throughout its continued development, the Fido explosives detector underwent numerous modifications by the U.S. military to be mounted on various types of platforms in order to detect traces of explosive vapors in dangerous environments and hard-to-reach areas. One prominent example was the plan to integrate the Fido e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10604784
1,821,366
631,630
In powder-fed directed-energy deposition, a high-power laser is used to melt metal powder supplied to the focus of the laser beam. The laser beam typically travels through the center of the deposition head and is focused to a small spot by one or more lenses. The build occurs on an X-Y table which is driven by a tool p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53292993
631,292
2,136,586
The Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) measured AC electric fields over the frequency range from 1-Hz to 2-MHz, and an amplitude range of 0.03 microvolt per meter to 100 mV per meter. Magnetic fields were measured from 1-Hz to 400-kHz over an approximately 100-dB range. The objectives of this investigation were to measure th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69341287
2,135,358
1,746,229
These films are made by incorporating an additive within normal polymers to provide an oxidative and then a biological mechanism to degrade them. This typically takes 6 months to 1 year in the environment with adequate exposure to oxygen Degradation is a two-stage process; first the plastic is converted by reaction wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5652850
1,745,243
1,452,505
The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health developed a Technical Report: Occupational Exposure Sampling for Engineered Nanomaterials which contains guidance for workplace sampling for three engineered nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, silver, and titanium dioxide, each of which have an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54992011
1,451,688
433,956
In the course of the generations, CPUs added more instructions and increased performance. The first three generations (G1 to G3) focused on low cost. The 4th generation was aimed at matching the performance of the last bipolar model, the 9021-9X2. It was decided to be accomplished by pursuing high clock frequencies. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53030665
433,742
155,694
Critics have analyzed Evangelion units, noting how they are organic entities and not machines, and classified them as cyborgs instead of robots. Anno said in 1996 that the Evangelions are not really robots, but giants, describing them as modified humans who move via artificial muscles. During an event in 2021, he descr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=577372
155,623
400,905
Thirty minutes of moderate- to high-intensity physical exercise has been shown to induce an increase in urinary phenylacetic acid, the primary metabolite of phenethylamine. Two reviews noted a study where the mean 24 hour urinary phenylacetic acid concentration following just 30 minutes of intense exercise rose 77% abo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=381184
400,706
988,061
Udet was assigned a new Fokker to fly to his new fighter unit—FFA 68—at Habsheim. Mechanically defective, the plane crashed into a hangar when he took off, so he was then given an older Fokker to fly. In this aircraft, he experienced his first aerial combat, which almost ended in disaster. While lining up on a French C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=370934
987,545
2,117,270
Researchers began to change tone in the late 1950s/early 1960s, when Lenneberg, Chomsky, and Halle co-founded the field of biolinguistics and explored the role of biology in language. Their ideas led others to consider the role of human development more. In 1962, a turning point came about from a study that emphasized ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3289570
2,116,052
1,201,752
NIFC-CA relies on the use of data-links to provide every aircraft and ship with a picture of the entire battlespace. Aircraft deploying weapons may not need to control missiles after releasing them, as an E-2D would guide them by a data-stream to the target. Other aircraft are also capable of guiding missiles from othe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41509737
1,201,111
260,628
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)A condition that is a result of stomach contents consistently coming back up into the esophagus causing troublesome symptoms or complications. Symptoms are considered troublesome based on how disruptive they are to a patient's daily life and well-being. This definition was standard...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12976
260,494
849,599
The discovery of bacterial invertebrate chemoautotrophic symbiosis, particularly in vestimentiferan tubeworms "R. pachyptila" and then in vesicomyid clams and mytilid mussels revealed the chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal vent tube worm. Scientists discovered a remarkable source of nutrition that helps to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=550334
849,147
784,958
Between 1910 and 1939, the laboratory was the base of the Eugenics Record Office of biologist Charles B. Davenport and his assistant Harry H. Laughlin, two prominent American eugenicists of the period. Davenport was director of the Carnegie Station from its inception until his retirement in 1934. In 1935 the Carnegie I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=441300
784,538
1,404,471
The secret Distantly Controlled Boat (D.C.B.) Section of the Royal Navy's Signals School, Portsmouth was setup to develop aerial radio systems for the control of unmanned naval vessels from 'mother' aircraft. This D.C.B. Section was based at Calshot under the command of Eric Gascoigne Robinson VC. On 1 September 1917 G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67154389
1,403,681
153,388
Historically, there was a trend not only to dismiss the vermiform appendix as being uselessly vestigial, but an anatomical hazard, a liability to dangerous inflammation. As late as the mid-20th century, many reputable authorities conceded it no beneficial function. This was a view supported, or perhaps inspired, by Dar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12082283
153,318
789,396
A user's motor abilities, communication skills and needs, cognition and vision are assessed in order to determine the most appropriate match to a communication system. Depending on the individual's physical status, recommendations of an alternative access method, a change in seating/positioning, a mounting system and/o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2106968
788,972
1,513,574
Mechanisms are given as conceptual elements of a networked communication system and are linked to specific functional units, for example, as a service or protocol component. In some cases, a mechanism can also comprise an entire protocol. For example on the transmission layer, LTE can be regarded as such a mechanism. F...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53650506
1,512,723
1,920,489
The radar evidence can be difficult to understand due to scattering effects of the layers in the SPLD on radar reflections (according to an eLetter by Hecht et al. replying to the original publication along with other sources ). As a result, further work has focused on explaining how the freezing temperature at the bas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70926421
1,919,386
299,137
The chromosomes of the "T. pallidum" subspecies are small, about 1.14 Mbp. Their DNA sequences are more than 99.7% identical. "T. pallidum" subspecies "pallidum" was sequenced in 1998. This sequencing is significant due to "T. pallidum" not being capable of growing in a pure culture, meaning that this sequencing played...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61836
298,976
2,110,241
The history of adaptive collaborative control began in 1999 through the efforts of Terrence Fong and Charles Thorpe of Carnegie Mellon University and Charles Baur of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Fong et al. believed existing telerobotic practices, which centered on a human point of view, while sufficient f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33882236
2,109,027
50,608
Other innovative technologies introduced in fourth-generation fighters included pulse-Doppler fire-control radars (providing a "look-down/shoot-down" capability), head-up displays (HUD), "hands on throttle-and-stick" (HOTAS) controls, and multi-function displays (MFD), all essential equipment . Aircraft designers began...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10929
50,588
1,838,001
Branched flow refers to a phenomenon in wave dynamics, that produces a tree-like pattern involving successive mostly forward scattering events by smooth obstacles deflecting traveling rays or waves. Sudden and significant momentum or wavevector changes are absent, but accumulated small changes can lead to large momentu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66113656
1,836,952
710,575
In 1980 when the members of the new SAE student branch at the University of Texas (Austin) learned that the Mini-Indy had died, they generated the concept for a new intercollegiate student engineering design competition that would allow students to apply what they were learning in the classroom to a complex, real-world...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=278148
710,204
1,209,967
Vico’s humanism (his returning to a pre-modern form of reasoning), his interest in classical rhetoric and philology, and his response to Descartes contribute to the philosophical foundations for the second "Scienza Nuova". Through an elaborate Latin etymology, Vico establishes not only the distinguishing features of fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28999214
1,209,320
1,083,062
Interpreting the vibration signal obtained is an elaborate procedure that requires specialized training and experience. It is simplified by the use of state-of-the-art technologies that provide the vast majority of data analysis automatically and provide information instead of raw data. One commonly employed technique ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2890021
1,082,505
1,847,585
Historically, a presumed gendered binary exists associating men with the “public” sphere and women with the “private” sphere. This often is explained by the historical division of labor in hunter-gatherer societies where men were responsible for food procurement of large game and women were responsible for child-rearin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29970881
1,846,528
893,019
On 25 November 2009, a debate was held in the Australian Senate concerning the alleged involvement of the CSIRO and the Labor government in censorship. The debate was called for by opposition parties after evidence came to light that a paper critical of carbon emissions trading was being suppressed. At the time, the La...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=288262
892,549
1,920,731
The study also made conclusions about what hadrosaurids ate, although Purnell cautioned the conclusions about the hadrosaur's diet were "a little less secure than the very good evidence we have for the motions of the teeth relative to each other." The scratches found on each individual tooth were so equal that measurin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23481302
1,919,628
1,073,103
In May 2019, Maxar Technologies was contracted by NASA to manufacture this module, which will also supply the station with electrical power and is based on Maxar's SSL 1300 series satellite bus. The PPE will use Busek 6kW Hall-effect thrusters and NASA Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) Hall-effect thrusters. M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66112244
1,072,549
1,558,064
This phenomenon is generally stimulated to help improve the mobility of people with akinesia. Akinesia consists of changes in walking pattern, freezing of gait (FOG), and losses of balance (LOBs). FOG occurs in the middle of stride, cutting off walking, and making it fairly difficult for a person to re-initiate a movem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33816120
1,557,179
634,047
Between December 1985 and July 1986, four Lakshya PTA prototypes powered by Microturbo TRI-60-5 engines were launched for trials. While the first two launches were successful for planned flight times of 20 and 38 minutes respectively, the next two launches failed. By June 1994, 18 Lakshya PTA prototypes were fabricated...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13152409
633,709
1,158,951
In December 1986, Võ Văn Kiệt, vice chairman of the Council of Ministers and member of the Political Bureau, highlighted most of the major problems of Vietnamese agriculture in his speech to the Twelfth Session of the Seventh National Assembly. While mentioning gains in fisheries and forestry, he noted that nearly all ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10903239
1,158,337
61,456
While in developed countries, nontyphoidal serotypes present mostly as gastrointestinal disease, in sub-Saharan Africa, these serotypes can create a major problem in bloodstream infections, and are the most commonly isolated bacteria from the blood of those presenting with fever. Bloodstream infections caused by nontyp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42114
61,431
772,928
Charcot first began studying hysteria after creating a special ward for non-insane females with "hystero-epilepsy". He discovered two distinct forms of hysteria among these women: minor hysteria and major hysteria. His interest in hysteria and hypnotism "developed at a time when the general public was fascinated in 'an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=932831
772,512
1,909,732
The Oregon Graduate Center for Study and Research (OGC) was incorporated on 2 April 1963 as a university at the behest of Gov. Mark O. Hatfield, Tektronix co-founder Howard Vollum and the City Club of Portland, with the help of $2M grant from the Tektronix Foundation. Retired physician Samuel L. Diack of the Oregon Med...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48411848
1,908,634
247,892
After that, he returned to his hometown, Nagoya, and joined Toyota Boshoku, which was founded by his father, Sakichi, in 1918 (Sakichi served as company president since then). From July 1921 to February 1922, Kiichirō visited San Francisco, London, Oldham (a large town in Greater Manchester, England), etc. to learn abo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4670679
247,764
928,708
In December 2014, Beretta announced the M9A3, which was submitted via an Engineering Change Proposal (ECP) in accordance with the terms of the current M9 contract. A modified version of the existing M9A1, the new model features a thinner grip, MIL-STD-1913 accessory rail, removable tritium sights, threaded barrel, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29098840
928,217
71,165
Mustard gases are extremely toxic and have powerful blistering effects on victims. Their alkylating capabilities make them strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Furthermore, they are highly lipophilic, which accelerates their absorption into the body. Because people exposed to mustard agents rarely suffer immediate symp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46126
71,138
173,436
As early as 1914, the possible existence of superheavy elements with atomic numbers well beyond that of uranium—then the heaviest known element—was suggested, when German physicist Richard Swinne proposed that superheavy elements around "Z" = 108 were a source of radiation in cosmic rays. Although he did not make any d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66394
173,345
2,162,213
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, at a December 10, 1941 assembly President Whitley advised ETSTC students to continue "getting an education until duty calls to something else". Students and faculty did everything from joining the military (including the WAVES for women) and coordinating Red Cross drives and m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49869717
2,160,978
1,255,805
The article continued to quote the U.S. Nuclear Energy Foundation to the effect that too much stock is being put into the fear surrounding Fukushima power plant. On a policy level, United States officials were wary. U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu told Congress that the Obama administration intends to hold the course ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31284652
1,255,121
1,077,959
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules. Molecules or molecular fragments are typically charged or ionized by spraying them through a charged field (electrospray ionization), bombarding them with electrons from a hot filament (electron ionization) or blasting the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1075211
1,077,404
383,863
The earliest European references to gunpowder are found in Roger Bacon's "Opus Majus" from 1267, in which he mentions a firecracker toy found in various parts of the world. The passage reads: "We have an example of these things (that act on the senses) in [the sound and fire of] that children's toy which is made in man...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12063194
383,668
1,222,415
CuSn is an intermetallic alloy with a defect NiAs type structure. In NiAs type nomenclature it would have the stoichiometry CuCuSn, with 0.2 Cu atoms occupying a usually unoccupied crystallographic position in the lattice. These copper atoms are displaced to the grain boundaries when charged to form LiCuSn. With retent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42601555
1,221,756
1,774,075
The Ramblin' Wreck, the iconic 1930 Ford Model A Sport coupe that serves as the official mascot of the student body, was acquired in this era. The Wreck is present at all major sporting events and student body functions, and leads the football team into Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field, a duty it has performe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8753550
1,773,078
1,741,559
H-Site-specific Natural Isotope Fractionation-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(H-SNIF-NMR) is a type of NMR specialized in measuring the deuterium concentration of organic molecules at natural abundances. The NMR spectra distinguishes hydrogen atoms in different chemical environments (e.g. The order of carbon that hydrogen b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50525886
1,740,577
710,244
After being defeated repeatedly by Japan and Western nations in the 19th century, Chinese reformers began promoting modern science and technology as part of the Self-Strengthening Movement. After the Communist victory in 1949 science and technology research was organized based on the model of the Soviet Union. It was c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=277914
709,873
728,024
The writing is generously scaled – letter forms vary between in height, lines are spaced approximately apart, and there is a margin of at the top. It can be determined that there were 18 lines to a page. C. H. Roberts commented: ".. to judge from the spacing and the size of the text, it is unlikely that the format was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=848618
727,641
913,379
Optogenetics provides millisecond-scale temporal precision which allows the experimenter to keep pace with fast biological information processing (for example, in probing the causal role of specific action potential patterns in defined neurons). Indeed, to probe the neural code, optogenetics by definition must operate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14958673
912,900
1,468,818
When the World Health Organization declared that the Western African Ebola virus epidemic was a public health emergency of international concern in August 2014, LSHTM coordinated various response efforts. More than 500 academic and professional services staff volunteered to respond, with many volunteers deployed via Sa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=531365
1,467,994
1,893,812
At a functional level, increased aperture area and longer rhabdomere length both serve to increase photon capture efficiency in the male dorsal eye. Also, the smaller ommatidial angles and different rhabdomere arrangement observed in dorsal eyes are central to the function of the dorsal eye because they are neural supe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25348242
1,892,729
1,120,126
To place multiferroic materials in their appropriate historical context, one also needs to consider magnetoelectric materials, in which an electric field modifies the magnetic properties and vice versa. While magnetoelectric materials are not necessarily multiferroic, all ferromagnetic ferroelectric multiferroics are l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2522070
1,119,553
485,171
A plasma consists of a fluid of positive and negative charged particles, generally created by heating or photo-ionizing (direct / tunneling / multi-photon / barrier-suppression) a dilute gas. Under normal conditions the plasma will be macroscopically neutral (or quasi-neutral), an equal mix of electrons and ions in equ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1948002
484,922
754,639
The Paul Samuelson's (1915–2009) "Foundations of Economic Analysis" published in 1947 was an attempt to show that mathematical methods could represent a core of testable economic theory. Samuelson started with two assumptions. First, people and firms will act to maximize their self-interested goals. Second, markets ten...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7881361
754,236
788,731
Cubene (1,2-dehydrocubane) and 1,4-cubanediyl(1,4-dehydrocubane) are enormously strained compounds which both undergo nucleophilic addition very rapidly, and this has enabled chemists to synthesize cubylcubane. X-ray diffraction structure solution has shown that the central cubylcubane bond is exceedingly short (1.458 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=417665
788,307
952,171
The perceived threat of invasion led to a major expansion of the Australian military. By mid-1942 the Army had a strength of ten infantry divisions, three armoured divisions and hundreds of other units. The RAAF and RAN were also greatly expanded, though it took years for these services to build up to their peak streng...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4578255
951,666
450,924
Soligenix Inc. and Emergent agreed to establish a "commercially viable production technology" for the development of RiVax, a potential vaccine aimed to protect against ricin exposure. Currently, there are no treatments for ricin poisoning that have been proven effective. Soligenix is a late-stage biopharmaceutical com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6262709
450,705
1,212,349
The history of earth science and the history of astrophysics were also closely tied to military purposes and funding throughout the Cold War. American geodesy, oceanography, and seismology grew from small sub-disciplines in into full-fledged independent disciplines as for several decades, virtually all funding in these...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4999816
1,211,697