doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
1,947,973 | In 1990, Macagno et al., integrated the results from several studies, once again emphasizing the evolutionary conservation of the overall phenomena: Leech neurons, like those of other invertebrates and those of vertebrates, undergo specific interactions during development which allow the definition of the adult morphol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42073672 | 1,946,860 |
477,074 | The interim report of the NPE partnership classifies electric vehicles in 3 categories, all-electric city cars, family cars and light trucks with an electric range for city transport. Development is sketched in phases 2010–2013, 2014–2017, 2018–2020 and post-2020 with the government goal to get 1 million electric cars ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21079741 | 476,834 |
909,286 | In 2011, as the world's population passed the seven billion mark Ehrlich has argued that the next two billion people on Earth would cause more damage than the previous two billion because we are now increasingly having to resort to using more marginal and environmentally damaging resources. As of 2013, Ehrlich continue... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=359542 | 908,807 |
1,099,907 | When games are more story-driven than action-driven, culturalising them can be challenging because of all the premises the designers are taking for granted in the development of the plot. Asian gamers seem to prefer more childlike characters, while Western countries might emphasize adult features. An example of the cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8735708 | 1,099,347 |
1,533,286 | While fMRI studies on deception have claimed detection accuracy as high as 90% many have problems with implementing this style of detection. At a basic level administering, fMRIs is extremely difficult and costly. Only yes or no answers can be used which allows for flexibility in the truth and style of lying. fMRI requ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68534966 | 1,532,418 |
370,876 | The Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) Electronic Challenge was created by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2012. Participants of the Challenge are manufacturers of electronics and electronic retailers. These companies collect end-of-life (EOL) electronics at various locations and send the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3887690 | 370,682 |
405,840 | A team from Magnavox led by George Kent turned the prototype console into a final product. They designed the exterior of the machine and re-engineered some of the internals with consultation from Baer and Harrison; they removed the ability to display color, used only the three dial controller, and changed the system of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=77262 | 405,640 |
1,832,731 | After the Second World War, a small technical elite arose in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Brazil, and Iraq who had been educated as scientists in the industrialized world. They spearheaded the development of science in these countries, presuming that by pushing for Manhattan project-type enterprises in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12082329 | 1,831,683 |
507,693 | Sherrington's origins have been discussed in several published sources: Chris Moss and Susan Hunter, in the Journal of Medical Biography of January 2018, presented an article discussing the potential origins of Charles Sherrington, i.e. whether he was born in India of unknown parents, or was the illegitimate child of C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=772653 | 507,429 |
1,206,867 | The treatment regimens for BIA-ALCL recommended by 1) a multidisciplinary expert review panel, 2) the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and 3) the French National Cancer Institute (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament [ANSM]) are very similar, commonly used, and summarized here. BIA-ALCL staging is done to i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1034755 | 1,206,221 |
685,567 | In 1885, President Grover Cleveland appointed a joint Army, Navy, and civilian board, headed by Secretary of War William Crowninshield Endicott, known as the Board of Fortifications. The findings of the board illustrated a grim picture of existing defenses in its 1886 report and recommended a massive $127 million const... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13422946 | 685,210 |
1,018,048 | With the experimental phase completed successfully, the Air Forces asked the Western Electric Company to proceed as rapidly as possible with the construction of the entire DEW Line. That was in December 1954, before the route to be followed in the eastern section had even been determined. The locations were surveyed ou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=614142 | 1,017,524 |
60,709 | Rooted in the patronage of churches and royal courts in Western Europe, surviving early medieval music is chiefly religious, monophonic and vocal, with the music of ancient Greece and Rome influencing its thought and theory. The earliest extant music manuscripts date from the Carolingian Empire (800–888), around the ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6668778 | 60,684 |
1,213,571 | Individuals with acalculia generally live normal lives, unless there are other disabilities or traumatic injuries present that prevent normal living. Details from a case study published in 2003 described the condition of a 55-year-old woman living with acalculia. "In addition to writing and calculation deficits, both s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2959427 | 1,212,919 |
711,116 | Human ABC transporters are involved in several diseases that arise from polymorphisms in ABC genes and rarely due to complete loss of function of single ABC proteins. Such diseases include Mendelian diseases and complex genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, Stargardt disease, Tangier disease,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1551873 | 710,745 |
1,754,539 | E-Science or eScience is computationally intensive science that is carried out in highly distributed network environments, or science that uses immense data sets that require grid computing; the term sometimes includes technologies that enable distributed collaboration, such as the Access Grid. The term was created by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1001976 | 1,753,549 |
262,683 | Radiation-absorbent material (RAM), often as paints, are used especially on the edges of metal surfaces. While the material and thickness of RAM coatings can vary, the way they work is the same: absorb radiated energy from a ground- or air-based radar station into the coating and convert it to heat rather than reflect ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=262577 | 262,544 |
1,612,692 | Tools that were unearthed at this site, including bone harpoons, barbed points and quartz tools used for tool-making, cutting, or scraping are indicative of previous human occupation of Homo sapiens and the relationship these people had with the environment. The close proximity to Lake Edward provided these occupants w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10832363 | 1,611,787 |
2,152,851 | In 2020 Hayman was one of 22 international experts who worked with contributors from the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, and the World Health Organizat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70083782 | 2,151,620 |
398,112 | Maps of the period generally depicted a large continent named "Terra Australis Incognita" of highly variable shape and extent. This land was posited by Ptolemy as a counterbalance to the extensive continental areas in the northern hemisphere. Marcus Tullius Cicero used the term "cingulus australis" ("southern zone") in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1615421 | 397,916 |
71,189 | A significant portion of the United States' mustard agent stockpile was stored at the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. Approximately 1,621 tons of mustard agents were stored in one-ton containers on the base under heavy guard. A chemical neutralization plant was built on the proving ground and neut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46126 | 71,162 |
1,033,379 | The Foreign Legion was created by a royal ordinance issued by King Louis Philippe, at the suggestion of Minister of War Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult, on March 9, 1831. Nine days later on March 18, 1831, an additional directive was issued restricting membership in the newly formed Legion to foreigners. The latter directiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8868718 | 1,032,843 |
668,160 | The American Museum of Natural History mounted the first full skeletal reconstruction of "Edaphosaurus" as ""Naosaurus claviger"" (a synonym of "Edaphosaurus pogonias") for public display in 1907 under the scientific direction of H.F. Osborn, along with W.D. Matthew. The main part of the ""Naosaurus"" skeleton was a se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2607200 | 667,811 |
1,415,554 | The morphology of pygmy pipehorses suggests that they are an evolutionary link between pipefishes and seahorses, and that seahorses are upright-swimming pygmy pipehorses. Molecular dating indicates that "Hippocampus" and "Idiotropiscis" diverged from a common ancestor during the Late Oligocene. During this time, tecton... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27655974 | 1,414,757 |
652,713 | Radium (Ra, atomic number 88), is an almost pure-white alkaline earth metal, but it readily oxidizes, reacting with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, becoming black in color. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive; the most stable isotope is radium-226, which has a half-life of 1601 years and dec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=199081 | 652,371 |
189,837 | The next attempt at reform came from Cleomenes III, the son of King Leonidas. In 229 BC, Cleomenes led an attack on Megalopolis, hence provoking war with Achaea. Aratus, who led the Achaean League forces, adopted a very cautious strategy, despite having 20,000 to Cleomenes 5000 men. Cleomenes was faced with obstruction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19375990 | 189,740 |
553,191 | Industrial radiography appears to have one of the worst safety profiles of the radiation professions, possibly because there are many operators using strong gamma sources (> 2 Ci) in remote sites with little supervision when compared with workers within the nuclear industry or within hospitals. Due to the levels of rad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6856520 | 552,902 |
1,235,334 | BBN is best known for its DARPA-sponsored research. It has made notable advances in a wide variety of fields, including acoustics, computer technologies, quantum information, and synthetic biology. In recent years, BBN has led a wide range of research and development projects, including the standardization effort for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=252539 | 1,234,671 |
2,237,202 | The photon beam focusing to a spot size down to nanometric scale has been routinely achieved in a few well-known X-ray-based methods, such as scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM). However, these techniques are much less demanding because they typically use incident ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72420474 | 2,235,931 |
779,978 | "Spirit"'s dead wheel turned out to have a silver lining. As it was traveling in March 2007, pulling the dead wheel behind, the wheel scraped off the upper layer of the Martian soil, uncovering a patch of ground that scientists say shows evidence of a past environment that would have been perfect for microbial life. It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=421049 | 779,561 |
1,923,516 | Extending beyond nutritional symbioses, microbial symbionts can alter the reproduction, development, and growth of their hosts. Specific bacterial strains in marine biofilms often directly control the recruitment of planktonic larvae and propagules, either by inhibiting settlement or by serving as a settlement cue. For... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62893752 | 1,922,413 |
411,720 | Despite the apparent extinction of Etruscan, it appears that Etruscan religious rites continued much later, continuing to use the Etruscan names of deities and possibly with some liturgical usage of the language. In late Republican and early Augustan times, various Latin sources including Cicero noted the esteemed repu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9455 | 411,518 |
93,884 | However, it was soon realized that submarines could approach enemy coastlines undetected and decrease the warning time (the time between detection of the missile launch and the impact of the missile) from as much as half an hour to possibly under three minutes. This effect was especially significant to the United State... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36880 | 93,843 |
828,071 | At that time, the CMB appeared to be perfectly uniform excluding the distortion caused by the Doppler effect as mentioned above. This result contradicted observations of the universe, with various structures such as galaxies and galaxy clusters indicating that the universe was relatively heterogeneous on a small scale.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7267936 | 827,627 |
1,989,084 | The techniques of passive solar building design were practiced for thousands of years, by necessity, before the advent of mechanical heating and cooling. It has remained a traditional part of vernacular architecture in many countries. There is evidence that ancient cultures considered factors such as solar orientation,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15163138 | 1,987,942 |
323,554 | The APY-9 radar has been suspected of being capable of detecting fighter-sized stealth aircraft, which are typically optimized against high frequencies like Ka, Ku, X, C and parts of the S-bands. Small aircraft lack the size or weight allowances for all-spectrum low-observable features, leaving a vulnerability to detec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56075 | 323,382 |
1,810,449 | The Faculty of Arts can trace its history back to 1906, when the Calgary Normal School was established as a vocational school for teaching. Initially housed in Central School (later as James Short School), the School later moved in 1908 to the McDougall School to accommodate the growing student body. The School over ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51387853 | 1,809,426 |
1,689,903 | In 1933, U.S. President Roosevelt asked Compton to chair a new Scientific Advisory Board that lasted two years. This put him into a forefront of scientists that perceived a need for reliable scientific advice at the highest levels of government. The start of World War II motivated the start of the National Defense Rese... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2795717 | 1,688,957 |
883,517 | In 1991, the United States Congress passed the ISTEA Transportation Authorization bill, which instructed USDOT to "demonstrate an automated vehicle and highway system by 1997." The Federal Highway Administration took on this task, first with a series of Precursor Systems Analyses and then by establishing the National A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44787757 | 883,053 |
949,008 | Advances in quantitative proteomics would clearly enable more in-depth analysis of cellular systems. Another research frontier is the analysis of single cells, and protein covariation across single cells which reflects biological processes such as protein complex formation, immune functions, as well as cell cycle and p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55172 | 948,504 |
38,782 | The heavy isotope N was first discovered by S. M. Naudé in 1929, and soon after heavy isotopes of the neighbouring elements oxygen and carbon were discovered. It presents one of the lowest thermal neutron capture cross-sections of all isotopes. It is frequently used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21175 | 38,768 |
1,040,181 | In the group of juveniles found together at Bayan Mandahu, the individuals were all oriented into the same direction, suggesting they represent a travelling true herd simultaneously killed and covered by a sandstorm. It is remarkable that the members of such groups are all of about the same age, having an average lengt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3552833 | 1,039,640 |
162,158 | The Spring of 1926 saw the British government refuse to extend again the subsidy that had bought short-term peace for the coal industry. In April 1926 the owners locked out the miners when they rejected the coal mine owners' demands for longer hours and reduced pay. The backdrop to the dispute was a fall in the price o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33643110 | 162,073 |
496,706 | The complexity of equations and the corresponding computer codes, as well as the cost of the computation, increases sharply with the highest level of excitation. For many applications CCSD, while relatively inexpensive, does not provide sufficient accuracy except for the smallest systems (approximately 2 to 4 electrons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=429789 | 496,450 |
2,115,279 | The holotype of "Ruthenosaurus" was discovered in the summer 1970 by the paleontologists Denise Sigogneau-Russell and Donald Eugene Russell, during a prospecting survey carried out in Permian red sandstones outcropping in badlands on the western flank of the Cayla Hill near the commune of Valady, northwest of Rodez. An... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32263206 | 2,114,064 |
462,612 | Additionally, to rationalize sensory dominance, Gori et al. (2008) advocates that the brain utilises the most direct source of information during sensory immaturity. In this case, orientation is primarily a visual characteristic. It can be derived directly from the object image that forms on the retina, irrespective of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1619306 | 462,383 |
733,858 | A survey of 67 studies reporting nonpaternity suggests that for men with high paternity confidence rates of nonpaternity are (excluding studies of unknown methodology) typically 1.9%, substantially less than the typical rates of 10% or higher cited by many researchers. Cuckolded fathers are rare in human populations. "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50412926 | 733,471 |
832,397 | The first superscalar single-chip processors (Intel i960CA in 1989) used a simple scoreboarding scheduling like the CDC 6600 had quarter of a century earlier, but in 1992-1996 a rapid advancement of techniques, enabled by increasing transistor counts, saw proliferation down to personal computers. Motorola 88110 (1992) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1002307 | 831,948 |
1,442,737 | Radio-frequency welding equipment, generally consists of: RF power generator, control unit, press, enclosure, electrodes, and sometimes a handling mechanism. The RF power generator converts line power to high-frequency, high-voltage power for welding. Typical voltages are 1kVAC - 1.5kVAC at a frequency of 27.12 MHz. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57218852 | 1,441,924 |
470,102 | In 2000, several coaches who had led their teams to Nationals during the 1990s resigned in protest over Academic Decathlon's decision to sell nearly $1,000 of study materials rather than simply providing topics for students to independently research. Teams felt obligated to buy the guides because USAD based the officia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=562034 | 469,866 |
599,864 | The critical first step in homology modeling is the identification of the best template structure, if indeed any are available. The simplest method of template identification relies on serial pairwise sequence alignments aided by database search techniques such as FASTA and BLAST. More sensitive methods based on multip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7026278 | 599,558 |
343,320 | Talbot's early silver chloride "sensitive paper" experiments required camera exposures of an hour or more. In 1841, Talbot invented the calotype process, which, like Daguerre's process, used the principle of chemical development of a faint or invisible "latent" image to reduce the exposure time to a few minutes. Paper ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2435889 | 343,139 |
582,434 | Birbal Sahni was born in Bhera, Shahpur District, in today's Pakistani Punjab, on 14 November 1891. He was the third child of Ishwar Devi and the pioneer Indian meteorologist and scientist Lala Ruchi Ram Sahni who lived in Lahore. The family came from Dera Ismail Khan and they frequently made visits to Bhera which was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1844265 | 582,136 |
1,107,256 | One of the most common feature extraction methods is based on correlating measured system response quantities, such a vibration amplitude or frequency, with the first-hand observations of the degrading system. Another method of developing features for damage identification is to apply engineered flaws, similar to ones ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3069503 | 1,106,692 |
1,739,335 | Hypercycle theory proposed that hypercycles are not the final state of organization, and further development of more complicated systems is possible by enveloping the hypercycle in some kind of membrane. After evolution of compartments, a genome integration of the hypercycle can proceed by linking its members into a si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29491519 | 1,738,358 |
1,383,417 | The black glazed type is most closely associated with the Brighton's early architecture: such tiles had the extra advantage of reflecting light in a visually attractive way. Black mathematical tiles started to appear in the 1760s, soon after the town began to grow in earnest as its reputation as a health resort became ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26108571 | 1,382,650 |
1,864,301 | A study published in 2010 by scientists at the University of Arkansas, North Dakota State University, California State University and the US Environmental Protection Agency showed that about 83 percent of wild or weedy canola tested contained genetically modified herbicide resistance genes. According to the researchers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8160680 | 1,863,229 |
1,663,445 | During World War II, a Nazi barricade resulted in a severe famine in the Western Netherlands. Where food was previously plentiful, supplies immediately were cut off in November 1944, resulting in a period of starvation that lasted until spring of 1945. The Dutch people survived on as little as 30% of their daily needed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47957160 | 1,662,510 |
816,815 | The contention that the scene depicts the festival for Athena is fraught with problems. Later sources indicate that a number of classes of individual who performed a role in the procession are not present in the frieze, these include: the hoplites, the allies in the Delian League, the "skiaphoroi" or umbrella bearers, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2147375 | 816,379 |
2,002,931 | Following the 1876 Medical Act, it was illegal for academic institutions to prevent access to medical education based on gender. The first medical school for women in Britain was established in 1874 by Dr Sophia Jex-Blake in anticipation of this law. The London School of Medicine for Women quickly became part of the Un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42895806 | 2,001,783 |
258,672 | Although many group-living animal species have a hierarchy of some form, some species have more fluid and flexible social groupings, where rank does not need to be rigidly enforced, and low-ranking group members may enjoy a wider degree of social flexibility. Some animal societies are "democratic", with low-ranking gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1096688 | 258,538 |
1,565,507 | The great majority of photogeochemical research is performed in the laboratory, as it is easier to demonstrate and observe a particular reaction under controlled conditions. This includes confirming the identity of materials, designing reaction vessels, controlling light sources, and adjusting the reaction atmosphere. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47664587 | 1,564,620 |
1,120,186 | The lunar gravity was studied from this orbit. After two orbital adjustments were performed on 18 and 19 September the perilune was decreased to 15.1 km, as well as the inclination altered in preparation for landing. At perilune at 05:12 UTC on 20 September, the main braking engine was fired, initiating the descent to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99165 | 1,119,613 |
859,919 | In early versions, the valves or "plugs" as they were then called, were operated manually by the "plug man" but the repetitive action demanded precise timing, making automatic action desirable. This was obtained by means of a "plug tree" which was a beam suspended vertically alongside the cylinder from a small arch hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=165062 | 859,461 |
727,934 | As the sizes got smaller, one would have to redesign tools because the relative strength of various forces would change. Gravity would become less important, and Van der Waals forces such as surface tension would become more important. Feynman mentioned these scaling issues during his talk. Nobody has yet attempted to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23680 | 727,551 |
451,315 | This was a beginning, where CSIR-NEERI's expertise was developed to give the society solutions to existing problems. From 1990, environmental biotechnology and genomics have emerged as useful tools for sustainable development. The Institute now deals with micro-niches, in which ‘how the DNA structure can be used as a t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16085921 | 451,096 |
1,286,890 | Moerner was born in Pleasanton, California, in 1953 June 24 the son of Bertha Frances (Robinson) and William Alfred Moerner. He was a boy scout, with the Boy Scouts of America and became an Eagle Scout. He attended Washington University in St. Louis for undergraduate studies as an Alexander S. Langsdorf Engineering Fel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5824132 | 1,286,189 |
1,830,150 | The system consists of multiple components, including a high-order adaptive optics system, a coronagraph, a calibration interferometer, and an integral field spectrograph. The adaptive optics system, being built at LLNL, uses a MEMS deformable mirror from Boston Micromachines Corporation to correct wavefront errors ind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26437656 | 1,829,104 |
1,751,541 | Contrary to most studies focusing on the nucleus accumbens, Febo et al. suggested that the reward brain circuitry is not the only system involved in addictive behaviors. Previous knowledge has suggested that stimulants induce changes in gene expression in the main parts of mesolimbic circuitry (including the ventral te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35822485 | 1,750,555 |
801,337 | To be clear, it is very unlikely that a single study could disprove all definitions of free will. Definitions of free will can vary wildly, and each must be considered separately in light of existing empirical evidence. There have also been a number of problems regarding studies of free will. Particularly in earlier st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26565579 | 800,909 |
1,973,548 | A standard approximation strategy for polymer field theories is the mean field (MF) approximation, which consists in replacing the many-body interaction term in the action by a term where all bodies of the system interact with an average effective field. This approach reduces any multi-body problem into an effective on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19668009 | 1,972,413 |
2,023,828 | At an annual award ceremony held in various locations, the ATAS presents the winner with a copper, gold, nickel and silver statuette of a winged woman holding an atom that was designed by engineer Louis McManus. It was first presented at the 55th Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards ceremony in September 2003. Motion pict... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19358586 | 2,022,664 |
1,907,886 | The diagnosis of PT-DLBCL depends on examining the histology, i.e. microscopic anatomy, of biopsy samples taken from the tumors. Most of these tumors are large, e.g. ~6 centimeters, and show medium- to large-sized lymphoid tumor B-cells that resemble centroblasts diffusely infiltrating and effacing the architecture of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63040871 | 1,906,790 |
370,634 | The idea of the production line has been used multiple times in history prior to Henry Ford: the Venetian Arsenal (1104); Smith's pin manufacturing, in the Wealth of Nations (1776) or Brunel's Portsmouth Block Mills (1802). Ransom Olds was the first to manufacture cars using the assembly line system, but Henry Ford dev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1993994 | 370,440 |
2,092,433 | Chapter Three, Remnants: Vestiges, Embryos and Bad Design, examines examples of bad design in nature. Coyne looks at vestigial traits like the wings of flightless birds, the eyes of sightless animals, and the pelvic girdle and hind-limb bones of whales. He also looks at atavisms, the spontaneous recurrences of ancestra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34245540 | 2,091,228 |
1,182,217 | Back at Cambridge, his final exams loomed. A "desperate" Charles focused on his studies and got private tuition from Henslow whose subjects were mathematics and theology. This term he had to study Euclid and learn Paley's "Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy", though this old text was becoming outdated. It opp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2087722 | 1,181,592 |
1,790,447 | RFID was first used in the late 1980s primarily for motor racing and became more widely adopted in athletic events in the mid-1990s upon the release of low cost 134 kHz transponders and readers from Texas Instruments. This technology formed the basis of electronic sports timing for the world's largest running events as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9918051 | 1,789,441 |
479,645 | Clinical neuropsychology focuses on the brain and goes back to the beginning of the 20th century. As a clinician a clinical neuropsychologist offers their services by addressing three steps; assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. The term clinical neuropsychologist was first made by Sir William Osler on April 16, 1913. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=605564 | 479,405 |
1,526,926 | Following the war, Smagorinsky concluded his studies. He originally aspired to be a naval architect, but was not admitted to the Webb Institute. He then turned to meteorology as a career and educational focus. As a doctoral student, while serving the remainder of his army commitment, he attended a lecture on weather fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5194620 | 1,526,062 |
1,536,462 | The University was founded in 1967 as the State Engineering School of Offenburg. Initially only the Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering courses were offered. In 1970 the present campus was opened in the Badstraße Street, Offenburg. 1971 the conversion of the School of Engineering into the "Fachhochschule"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31880821 | 1,535,594 |
1,931,254 | He was born in Middlesex, and after leaving Hendon County Grammar School he attended University College London, where he was awarded a BSc in 1966 with first class honours and a PhD in 1969 under Michael Rosemeyer. After leaving UCL he spent two years at the University of Washington doing postgraduate work with Edmond ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11354163 | 1,930,146 |
398,703 | After the French physicist Pierre Curie's discovery of piezoelectricity in 1880, ultrasonic waves could be deliberately generated for industry. In 1940, the American acoustical physicist Floyd Firestone devised the first ultrasonic echo imaging device, the Supersonic Reflectoscope, to detect internal flaws in metal cas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=143357 | 398,507 |
746,876 | Lacking trigonometry from high school, she was consequently rejected for an economics Ph.D. at UCLA. She was admitted to UCLA's graduate program in political science, where she was awarded an M.A. in 1962 and a Ph.D. in 1965. The teams of graduate students she was involved with were analyzing the political economic eff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5033761 | 746,481 |
511,846 | The construction of closed PBRs avoids system-related water losses and minimises contamination. Though closed systems have better productivity compared to open systems due to the advantages mentioned, they still need to be improved to make them suitable for production of low price commodities as cell density remains lo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6737988 | 511,580 |
1,474,402 | The conversion to full-time bipedalism in our distant ancestors is the main argument for the adaptations our muscle structure and function have made. By having to center the force of gravity on two feet, the human thigh bone developed an inward slope down to the knee which may have allowed their gluteal abductors to ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32156908 | 1,473,571 |
415,643 | The Weapon System 117L program, initially intending to perform a variety of task under different sub-systems, was broken into three different programs in 1959. The Discoverer Program, better known as Corona, was a photographic reconnaissance satellite that ejected film for recovery in-atmosphere. The Discoverers were l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10179560 | 415,440 |
422,090 | In August 1940 Blackett became scientific adviser to Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Pile, Commander in Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command and thus began the work that resulted in the field of study known as operational research (OR). He was director of Operational Research with the Admiralty from 1942 to 1945, and his wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=326834 | 421,884 |
831,729 | By working to improve said factors, corporations can achieve their goals of increased output at lower costs, while potentially creating optimal levels of customer satisfaction. There are numerous reasons why each of these factors correlates to overall improvement. For example, making software user interfaces easier to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=288276 | 831,280 |
2,175,151 | Disease and Disorders: NUMT insertion into the genome can be problematic. Transposition of NUMTs into genome has also been associated with human diseases. De novo integration of NUMT pseudogenes into the nuclear genome has an adverse effect in some cases, promoting various disorders and aging. MtDNA integration into co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8564084 | 2,173,907 |
870,497 | The Archimedes models based on the ARM3 processor supported a completely new "arithmetic co-processor" or "floating-point accelerator" known as the FPA. Released in 1993 for the R260 workstation and the A540 and A5000 machines, priced at £99 plus VAT, the FPA device—known specifically as the FPA10—was fitted in a dedic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63145 | 870,037 |
1,568,593 | Clinical use of this treatment was driven by women with breast cancer and advocacy groups, such as ACT UP; they believed that the FDA treatment approval process was too slow. Health Net's denial of Nelene Fox's transplant—a case involving insurance coverage of HDC/ABMT—ignited a public reaction and prompted change in a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38028125 | 1,567,706 |
1,744,739 | The society-wide events of November 1989 and the subsequent political developments marked a return to autonomy and academic freedoms for Czechoslovak higher education. In the first half of the 1990s, VSB in Ostrava underwent an extensive transformation. The change in study fields was triggered by the restructuring of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2819502 | 1,743,755 |
869,859 | Balloons were by then in use for both meteorology and military observation. Balloons can only be used in light winds, while kites can only be used in stronger winds. The American Samuel Franklin Cody, working in England, realised that the two types of craft between them allowed operation over a wide range of weather co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1607990 | 869,399 |
803,502 | Auxin hormones are proven to stimulate mitosis, cell production and regulate interfascicular and fascicular cambium. Applying auxin to the surface of a tree stump allowed decapitated shoots to continue secondary growth. The absence of auxin hormones will have a detrimental effect on a plant. It has been shown that muta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227675 | 803,073 |
966,192 | The modern evolutionary synthesis is the outcome of a merger of several different scientific fields to produce a more cohesive understanding of evolutionary theory. In the 1920s, Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright combined Darwin's theory of natural selection with statistical models of Mendelian genetics, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19852895 | 965,682 |
1,342,426 | The School of Social Sciences and Humanities was opened in 1997, adding new disciplines to an educational center that had been primarily dedicated to Economics. The subsequent creation of the School of Music increased the number of programs in the Arts and Sciences. The Product Design Engineering and Law faculties were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12776755 | 1,341,692 |
285,271 | In the context of education, good explanation in teaching is essential for unlocking the students' understanding of the subject. It develops students' logical thinking and provides guidance by inductive judgment to generalizing. Leinhardt (1990: 3-4) distinguished between two types of teaching related to explanations: ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=92028 | 285,117 |
2,073,287 | Baird's first medical job at Edinburgh's Royal Infirmary, included conducting clinical trials with Sir Derrick Dunlop (later the first Chairman of the Committee on the Safety of Drugs). Baird later worked as a medical officer in the Scottish Home and Health Department from 1968-1970, on 'developments in drugs, food add... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63366091 | 2,072,096 |
1,614,516 | Shashidhara's researches were focused on developmental biology, specifically the development of limbs and the role played by Ultrabithorax, a Hox gene, functioning as a transcription factor. Studying Drosophila melanogaster (commonly known as fruit fly) as a model, he elucidated the molecular pathways Wnt, TGF-? and EG... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52156468 | 1,613,610 |
1,605,890 | Buggy, officially called Sweepstakes, is a race around Schenley Park. It can be thought of as a relay race with five runners, using the buggy vehicle as the baton. Entrants submit a small, usually torpedo-shaped, vehicle that is pushed uphill and then allowed to free-roll downhill. The driver (who–like all participants... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4526632 | 1,604,986 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.