doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
1,106,403
In this single-stage procedure the urethra will be visualized (in the area of the defect), and the incision will be started at its mid-line (usually) using a bovie knife to dissect the dermal and sub-dermal layers until the associated musculature, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, and ventral urethral aspects are e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14187008
1,105,839
1,572,500
In addition to conducting hundreds of events every year, UCI Student Housing also retains many annual events that have become long-standing traditions. For instance, each housing complex offers a major dance every year. For Mesa Court and Middle Earth, these dances usually occur in the fall and are informal outings. In...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6874779
1,571,612
1,638,859
In September 2014, the team of surgeons from Riken Institute's Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, (Japan), led by Masayo Takahashi succeeded in a world-first transplanting of cells made from induced pluripotent stem cells into a human body. The operation was conducted as a clinical study and involved creating a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68089494
1,637,934
327,258
In September 1968, Olean, New York was the first city in the United States to install video cameras along its main business street in an effort to fight crime. Another early appearance was in 1973 in Times Square in New York City. The NYPD installed it to deter crime in the area; however, crime rates did not appear to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=87179
327,084
1,718,938
A special intake will be used to collect the gas molecules and direct them to the thruster. The molecules will then be ionized by the thruster and expelled from the acceleration stage at a very high velocity, generating thrust. The electric power needed can be provided by the same power subsystems developed for the act...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43825446
1,717,968
310,024
Historically, bootstrapping also refers to an early technique for computer program development on new hardware. The technique described in this paragraph has been replaced by the use of a cross compiler executed by a pre-existing computer. Bootstrapping in program development began during the 1950s when each program wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4211
309,857
1,788,575
A typical implementation of the 3D-PTV consists of two, three or four digital cameras, installed in an angular configuration and synchronously recording the diffracted or fluorescent light from the flow tracers seeded in the flow. The flow is illuminated by a collimated laser beam, or by another source of light that is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4541666
1,787,569
1,901,346
The IgCC shares some similarities with the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. Both the IgCC and LEED provide frameworks for designing and constructing buildings in a way that minimizes their environmental impact. However, there are some key differences between the two programs. For exam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26864757
1,900,257
1,309,091
As the laboratory took shape, McMillan became deputy head of the gun-type nuclear weapon effort under Navy Captain William S. Parsons, an ordnance expert. The plutonium gun, codenamed Thin Man, needed a muzzle velocity of at least per second, which they hoped to achieve with a modified Navy 3-inch antiaircraft gun. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=157241
1,308,375
1,690,446
Sound is a sense that is often underestimated in marketing, however, along with sight it accounts for 99% of all brand communication. Sound affects our mood and psychological state, promotes peace of mind and alerts us to danger. Since the early twentieth century, sound has been applied in mass marketing, to create awa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33544122
1,689,500
1,955,706
Photonic Sensors has an international editorial board with strong academic background. The journal’s Editor-in-Chief (EIC), Professor Yun-Jiang Rao is one of the world’s leading experts in the field of optical fiber sensors and recognized as a Fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE Fellow). P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44135675
1,954,584
975,036
The frequency of this disease varies greatly. Specifically, in the United States, PKU is found at a rate of nearly 1 in 10,000 births. Due to newborn screening, doctors are able to detect PKU in a baby sooner. This allows them to start treatment early, preventing the baby from suffering from the severe effects of PKU. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1505283
974,525
1,259,567
Topology was a very early concern for GIS. The earliest vector systems, such as the Canadian Geographic Information System, did not manage topological relationships, and problems such as sliver polygons proliferated, especially in operations such as vector overlay. In response, topological vector data models were devel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33867932
1,258,880
144,305
Most of the Holters monitor the ECG via only two or three channels. Depending on manufacturer, different lead systems and numbers of leads are used; the number of leads may be minimised for patient comfort. Two or three channel recording has been used for a long time in the Holter monitoring history; 12-channel Holters...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=563687
144,247
717,381
The early history of astronautics is theoretical: the fundamental mathematics of space travel was established by Isaac Newton in his 1687 treatise "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica". Other mathematicians, such as Swiss Leonhard Euler and Franco-Italian Joseph Louis Lagrange also made essential contributions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=194268
717,004
1,672,942
In Central and South America, Africa, and Asia, several hundred million people rely on maize as their principal daily food, for weaning babies, and for feeding livestock. Unfortunately maize (corn) has two significant flaws; it lacks the full range of amino acids, namely lysine and tryptophan, needed to produce protein...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3488132
1,672,000
175,514
In 2003, US President George Bush proposed the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI). The HFI aimed to further develop hydrogen fuel cells and infrastructure technologies to accelerate the commercial introduction of fuel cell vehicles. By 2008, the U.S. had contributed 1 billion dollars to this project. In 2009, Steven Chu, t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1252085
175,422
1,997,436
In June 2017, the School of Nursing moved into a new seven story-building at the corner of West 168th Street and Audubon Avenue, at the east end of the Columbia University Medical Center campus in northern Manhattan. The 68,000-square-foot glass structure was designed by CO|FXFOWLE, a joint venture of two award-winning...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1170629
1,996,293
44,773
The disease can remit spontaneously or become chronic, with exacerbations and remissions. In some cases, it can progress to pulmonary fibrosis and death. In benign cases, remission can occur in 24 to 36 months without treatment but regular follow ups are required. Some cases, however, may persist several decades. Two-t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=287299
44,756
1,302,119
Bar-Yam has advised many policymaking and regulatory bodies on various topics, including: the Pentagon's Chairman Action Group on global social unrest and the crises in Egypt and Syria; the National Security Council and the National Counter Terrorism Council on global strategy; the Chief of Naval Operations Strategic S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9251395
1,301,405
166,481
The British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate, consisting mainly of artists recruited into the Royal Engineers, developed the use of camouflage for large-scale military deception. Operations combined the disguise of actual installations, vehicles and stores with the simultaneous display of dummies, whether to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3554176
166,395
2,170,174
ASTM D3166 specifies fatigue testing methods for metal to metal adhesive joints. It references ASTM D1002 for creating test specimens. The testing machine must be capable of applying a sinusoidal cyclic axial load. The cycle rate and type of equipment can influence the results of the tests being run. 1800 cycles/minute...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56316763
2,168,936
117,920
Cancer can be considered a very large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignant diseases, with squamous cell carcinomas comprising one of the largest subsets. All SCC lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics. SCCs arise ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54439024
117,875
119,258
British endocrinologist Albert T. W. Simeons proposed HCG as an adjunct to an ultra-low-calorie weight-loss diet (fewer than 500 calories). Simeons, while studying pregnant women in India on a calorie-deficient diet, and "fat boys" with pituitary problems (Frölich's syndrome) treated with low-dose HCG, observed that bo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=300445
119,209
627,673
On December 1, 2015, Motiejūnas was cleared to return to practice, having been out since March 2015 after requiring surgery to repair a herniated disk in his back. Four days later, he returned to the Rockets' line-up and made his season debut, earning a standing ovation when he entered the game for the first time durin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18917290
627,338
41,014
Adaptation occurs through the gradual modification of existing structures. Consequently, structures with similar internal organisation may have different functions in related organisms. This is the result of a single ancestral structure being adapted to function in different ways. The bones within bat wings, for exampl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9236
40,999
772,349
Economists and political scientists can use theory (often studied in theory-driven econometrics) to estimate the magnitude of supposedly causal relationships in cases where they believe a causal relationship exists. Theorists can presuppose a mechanism believed to be causal and describe the effects using data analysis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37103476
771,935
221,073
Based on their causes, hypereosinophilias can be sorted into subtypes. However, cases of eosinophilia, which exhibit eosinophil counts between 500 and 1,500/μL, may fit the clinical criteria for, and thus be regarded as falling into, one of these hypereosinophilia categories: the cutoff of 1,500/μL between hypereosinop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=238806
220,964
116,450
The optical mechanisms by which the nonpigmented stromal components influence eye color are complex, and many erroneous statements exist in the literature. Simple selective absorption and reflection by biological molecules (hemoglobin in the blood vessels, collagen in the vessel and stroma) is the most important elemen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=86801
116,405
694,784
Digital monitoring has created the possibility, which is being fully developed, of integrating the physiological data from the patient monitoring networks into the emerging hospital electronic health record and digital charting systems, using appropriate health care standards which have been developed for this purpose ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32808114
694,421
1,073,586
Nanoindentation is a robust technique for determination of mechanical properties. By combining the application of low loads, measuring the resulting displacement, and determining the contact area between the tip of the indenter and the sample a wide range of mechanical properties are able to be measured. The applicatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4023692
1,073,032
144,707
In 1896, Ramsay tested a report of American chemist William Francis Hillebrand, who found a stream of an unreactive gas from a sample of uraninite. Wishing to prove it was nitrogen, Ramsay analyzed a different uranium mineral, cleveite, and found a new element, which he named krypton. This finding was corrected by Brit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=619795
144,649
2,206,881
With RPI in danger of losing a chance at the NCAA tournament to the Saints they had no margin for error and swept the rest of their schedule until the rematch with the Larries on March 5. The game had been sold out for months and when the teams met they produced one of the most exciting games ever held at Houston Field...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59248397
2,205,623
1,604,193
The VFC program is funded through an approval by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the funds are allocated to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC buys vaccines at a discount directly from manufacturers and distributes them to state health departments and certain local and territor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31287100
1,603,292
2,003,715
A previous organisation of the same name existed between July 1910 and "circa" 1922. It was founded to promote astronomy following an appearance of Halley’s Comet. Initially there was strong support for such a society and by 30 September 1911 there were 239 members (192 "original" and a net 47 added during the first se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30559753
2,002,566
390,281
For example, in the Haber process, finely divided iron serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The reacting gases adsorb onto active sites on the iron particles. Once physically adsorbed, the reagents undergo chemisorption that results in dissociation into adsorbed atomic species, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5914
390,086
1,383,375
In the "Legion Lost" limited series (2000–2001) it is shown that the events from "Widening Rifts" had caused Element Lad to become lost in deep space for billions of years, whereby his perspective changes to a point of arguable insanity and he becomes the extremely powerful villain Progenitor. He is eventually killed d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1469478
1,382,608
1,691,030
Permian fossils are widespread in Texas. The shallow seas occupying this region began to retreat during the Permian. Coastal lowland environments formed in their place. However, the far western edge of Texas was still covered in sea water. A notable reef system formed there in the area now occupied by the Guadalupe Mou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37799131
1,690,082
1,326,908
Double basses have changed since the 18th century, when the concerti by Vanhal, Dittersdorf, and Pichl were written. One difference concerns the fingerboard; bassists would tie old strings or cloth to make frets on their instrument, much like a viola da gamba. This is in contrast to the present day, where the bassist i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8659086
1,326,181
1,051,016
The acoustic pressure wave method analyses the rarefaction waves produced when a leak occurs. When a pipeline wall breakdown occurs, fluid or gas escapes in the form of a high velocity jet. This produces negative pressure waves which propagate in both directions within the pipeline and can be detected and analyzed. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19163321
1,050,470
2,123,421
The system has 4 major components. The Transporter is used to safely house the rodents while being transported from Earth to the space station. This is also referred to as the Animal Enclosure Module-Transporter(AEM-T). As the trip from Earth can take up to 10 days an Environmental Control and Life Support System(ECLSS...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58816065
2,122,201
841,804
"Aspergillus flavus" is found globally as a saprophyte in soils and causes disease on many important agriculture crops. Common hosts of the pathogen are cereal grains, legumes, and tree nuts. Specifically, "A. flavus" infection causes ear rot in corn and yellow mold in peanuts either before or after harvest. Infection ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=698043
841,354
1,872,816
In August 2008, Berger's 9-year-old son Matthew, found a clavicle and a jawbone embedded in a rock near Malapa Cave in South Africa. Subsequent excavation, headed by Berger, led to the discovery of numerous bones nearby that dated back nearly two million years. Along with various co-authors, Berger published a series o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11288671
1,871,739
1,651,635
The species was first described in 1885 by American mycologist Harvey Willson Harkness, under the name "Lycoperdon sculptum". Harkness, who called it "a curious and strikingly beautiful species", found fruit bodies growing at elevations between in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Although he noted that "in appearance it di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23772391
1,650,703
1,844,887
Each solution of the Einstein field equations encompasses the whole history of a universe – it is not just some snapshot of how things are, but a whole spacetime: a statement encompassing the state of matter and geometry everywhere and at every moment in that particular universe. By this token, Einstein's theory appear...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13276958
1,843,833
475,722
There are two basic technical approaches to produce genetically modified mice. The first involves pronuclear injection, a technique developed and refined by Ralph L. Brinster in the 1960s and 1970s, into a single cell of the mouse embryo, where it will randomly integrate into the mouse genome. This method creates a tra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18293050
475,485
390,968
Both Army and Navy variants have a common airframe, which is manufactured by GKN Aerostructures; the airframe has been marinised for operations in the naval environment and provides for a greater airframe lifespan of 12,000 flight hours. The wheeled undercarriage is also strengthened for naval landings on both variants...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22589260
390,773
1,103,783
The "Bambiraptor" skeleton was discovered in 1995 by 14-year-old fossil hunter Wes Linster, who was looking for dinosaur bones with his parents near Glacier National Park in Montana, United States. Linster told "Time" magazine that he uncovered the skeleton on a tall hill and was amazed at his discovery. "I bolted down...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1993708
1,103,221
768,535
Angiotensin I is further cleaved in the lungs by endothelial-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) into angiotensin II, the most vasoactive peptide. Angiotensin II is a potent constrictor of all blood vessels. It acts on the smooth muscle and, therefore, raises the resistance posed by these arteries to the heart. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=251978
768,123
1,299,082
Distance measurements in astronomy have historically been and continue to be confounded by considerable measurement uncertainty. In particular, while stellar parallax can be used to measure the distance to nearby stars, the observational limits imposed by the difficulty in measuring the minuscule parallaxes associated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=658074
1,298,368
1,589,162
"E. coli" and Yeast chorismate mutase have a limited sequence homology, but their active sites contain similar residues. The active site of the Yeast chorismate mutase contains Arg16, Arg157, Thr242, Glu246, Glu198, Asn194, and Lys168. The "E. coli" active site contains the same residues with the exception of these not...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14214787
1,588,268
435,948
Although there is no cure for 13q deletion syndrome, symptoms can be managed, usually with the involvement of a neurologist, rehabilitation physician, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, psychotherapist, nutritionist, special education professional, and/or speech therapist. No treatment for 13q deletion syndrome w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47313691
435,734
1,102,488
Despite being in general more conventional, in one aspect the Medium Mark I looked rather modern: instead of a high track run it possessed a low and flat suspension system with five bogies, each having a pair of small double wheels. The axles of these were too weakly constructed; as Major-General N.W. Duncan put it in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3747254
1,101,927
1,598,585
Australia, Canada, and the United States were among those to send first-time Olympians as their sole representatives. Alice Ingley was promoted from her reserve role at the 2012 Olympics having shown good form at team selection camps, while Mackenzie Brown beat four-time Olympian Khatuna Lorig to victory at the US wome...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45521589
1,597,685
1,505,408
In March 1982 Berklee Provost Bob Share hired Boston recording studio owner, Wayne Wadhams to recommend whether the school should eliminate the Audio Recording Major or create a new program with new studios and additional faculty. After discussion with Berklee faculty, students, and music industry executives, Wadhams r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27720666
1,504,562
111,866
Like many other avant-garde architects of the day, Mies based his architectural mission and principles on his understanding and interpretation of ideas developed by theorists and critics who pondered the declining relevance of the traditional design styles. He selectively adopted theoretical ideas such as the aesthetic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17897
111,821
679,305
He had previously been suggested as president of the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1848 by Benjamin Blake Minor in his publication the "Southern Literary Messenger". He considered becoming president of St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland, the University of Alabama, and the University of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=362089
678,951
862,024
In 1909, Tupolev began studying aerodynamics under the Russian aviation pioneer Nikolay Zhukovsky, and volunteered for the Aeronautical workshop ("Kruzhok") headed by Zhukovsky. In 1910, together with his workshop friends, Tupolev built and test piloted his first glider. During his workshop days, Tupolev also built a w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=163504
861,565
53,288
The Qur'an provided the basis for the development of professional ethics where the rise of ritual washing also influenced the importance of hygiene in pharmacology. Pharmacies were periodically visited by government inspectors called muhtasib, who checked to see that the medicines were mixed properly, not diluted and k...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37477763
53,268
2,187,872
Outside of light availability, there are a wide variety of geochemical parameters that affect the biology and ecology within these systems. Possibly the most notable and universal in these systems is the strong halocline. While some anchialine systems are entirely salt water (i.e. blue holes) other more inland systems ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72402042
2,186,624
306,330
"When I got to army headquarters I was in a vile mood. I only saw three people: comrade Gurov, Chief of Staff Krylov, and Chief of Artillery Pozharsky. Three of my deputies had fled to the east bank. But the main thing was that we had no dependable combat units, and we needed to hold out for three or four days. The div...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=580776
306,166
235,521
Hydrothermal vents were first discovered in the ocean depths in 1977. They result from seawater becoming heated after seeping through cracks to places where hot magma is close to the seabed. The under-water hot springs may gush forth at temperatures of over and support unique communities of organisms in their immediate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1596317
235,402
616,636
Every living organism contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and proteins. In general, closely related organisms have a high degree of similarity in the molecular structure of these substances, while the molecules of organisms distantly related often show a pattern of dissimilarity. Conserved seq...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=149544
616,322
1,923,117
The system fuel as depicted is coal, converted to syngas by the gasifier, which is then supplied to the SOFC module after cleanup and pressure reduction. The syngas pressure reduction step is accomplished in this system concept by an expander/generator, which thereby produces part of the cycle's gross power generation....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43656643
1,922,014
784,682
Businesses or fractional interests in businesses may be valued for various purposes such as mergers and acquisitions, sale of securities, and taxable events. When correct, a valuation should reflect the capacity of the business to match a certain market demand, as it is the only true predictor of future cash flows. An ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=347107
784,262
649,210
Since its launch, the price of sofosbuvir declined as more competitors entered the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) market. In 2020, the price for a course of sofosbuvir was $64,693 in the United States. In 2014, the list price of a 12-week combination treatment with a sofosbuvir-based regimen ranged from to $94,000. In A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33832492
648,869
1,607,086
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase and JNK family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13982427
1,606,181
511,268
Developed in part through the suggestions of Hergé's friends Bernard Heuvelmans and Jacques Van Melkebeke, "Explorers on the Moon" was produced following Hergé's extensive research into the possibility of human space travel – a feat that had yet to be achieved – with the cartoonist seeking for the work to be as realist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=547990
511,002
203,115
To harden by quenching, a metal (usually steel or cast iron) must be heated above the upper critical temperature and then quickly cooled. Depending on the alloy and other considerations (such as concern for maximum hardness vs. cracking and distortion), cooling may be done with forced air or other gases, (such as nitro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=182208
203,011
1,286,861
Consumption-based emissions accounting has an equally established methodology using Input-Output Tables. These "display the interconnection between different sectors of production and allow for a tracing of the production and consumption in an economy" and were originally created for national economies. However, as pro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6905345
1,286,160
1,412,323
The field was founded by Wilhelm Cauer after reading Ronald M. Foster's 1924 paper "A reactance theorem". Foster's theorem provided a method of synthesising LC circuits with arbitrary number of elements by a partial fraction expansion of the impedance function. Cauer extended Foster's method to RC and RL circuits, foun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59441761
1,411,528
1,339,389
In 2002, Safin reached his first Australian Open final, but was upset by Thomas Johansson, who has never progressed beyond the quarterfinals of a Slam prior to this tournament, in 4 sets after winning the first set. He reached the final at the Hamburg Masters for the second time in 3 years (first being in 2000). Later,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52468652
1,338,656
1,740,521
Sodium etching of fluoropolymers has been used for decades to enhance bondability of PTFE. It is performed by immersion of the PTFE in a solution containing sodium followed by rinsing in alcohol and water. The process was originally performed by dissolving sodium metal in liquid ammonia. An alternative method was to fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56314301
1,739,540
1,025,401
As a paradigm, systems biology is usually defined in antithesis to the so-called reductionist paradigm (biological organisation), although it is consistent with the scientific method. The distinction between the two paradigms is referred to in these quotations: "the reductionist approach has successfully identified mos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=467899
1,024,868
11,609
In January 1914, a U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the verdict against the Curtiss company, which continued to avoid penalties through legal tactics. Orville apparently felt vindicated by the decision, and much to the frustration of company executives, he did not push vigorously for further legal action to ensure ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58410
11,604
1,458,678
The Sleeping Beauty transposon system (SBTS) is the first successful non-viral vector for incorporation of a gene cassette into a vertebrate genome. Up until the development of this system, the major problems with non-viral gene therapy have been the intracellular breakdown of the transgene due to it being recognized a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17030615
1,457,858
1,643,424
Within the context of massive international sequencing efforts, and in anticipation of the new era of precision medicine, The International Cancer Genome Consortium for Medicine (ICGCmed) will link the wealth of genomic data already amassed, as well as new genomic data being generated, to clinical and health informatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17177907
1,642,497
1,871,175
On 2 August 2010, a Toronto company, InteraXon, announced that it had developed technology to control machines by human thought. The technique involves the use of a headset to detect "alpha" and "beta" brain waves. The head set in turn produces a "control signal" that can be used to program electrical appliances rangin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29991137
1,870,098
840,469
A large part of the Gothic architectural heritage of France, particularly the churches and monasteries, had been damaged or destroyed during the Revolution. Of the 300 churches in Paris in the 16th century, only 97 still were standing in 1800. The Basilica of St Denis had been stripped of its stained glass and monument...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11930474
840,019
1,349,109
Engineering psychology was created from within experimental psychology. Engineering psychology started during World War I (1914). The reason why this subject was developed during this time was because many of America's weapons were failing; bombs not falling in the right place to weapons attacking normal marine life. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7578771
1,348,363
189,800
Events moved rapidly toward disaster for the Athenians. Attempting to break out of the harbor they were defeated in a naval battle. The admiral, Eurymedon, was killed. Losing confidence in their ability to win, they abandoned the remaining ships and the wounded and attempted to march out by land. The route was blocked ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19375990
189,703
775,108
Phagocytosis is the process of taking in particles such as bacteria, invasive fungi, parasites, dead host cells, and cellular and foreign debris by a cell. It involves a chain of molecular processes. Phagocytosis occurs after the foreign body, a bacterial cell, for example, has bound to molecules called "receptors" tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=443416
774,692
1,520,498
Roberts has commended the 1945 essay written by Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society", as have a number of his guests. The essay explains that a free market with an uninhibited price mechanism at its core will make much more efficient use of information that is broadly dispersed among numerous members of society tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9351994
1,519,637
1,635,276
In G93A-transgenic ALS mice, intravenous injection of 5.0 × 10^4 Muse cells revealed successful homing to the lumbar spinal cords, mainly at the pia-mater and underneath white matter, and exhibited glia-like morphology and GFAP expression. In contrast, such homing or differentiation were not recognized in human mesench...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40787754
1,634,353
684,031
The Oxford was normally powered by a pair of Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah X air-cooled radial engines, capable of generating 340 hp. These were initially outfitted with wooden fixed-position de Havilland-built propellers, but had been designed from the onset to accommodate variable-pitch propellers when these became avai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=569246
683,675
350,865
In those patients not suited for or unwilling to undergo surgery, several drugs have been found to inhibit cortisol synthesis (e.g. ketoconazole, metyrapone) but they are of limited efficacy. Mifepristone is a powerful glucocorticoid type II receptor antagonist and, since it does not interfere with normal cortisol home...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=92373
350,682
1,167,320
The Lynx was planned to be capable of carrying a pilot and a passenger or payload on sub-orbital spaceflights over . Between 20 and 50 test flights of Lynx were planned, along with numerous static engine firings on the ground. A full step-by-step set of taxi tests, runway hops and full-up flights were planned to get th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2639793
1,166,702
1,871,205
The use of geothermal energy has grown in Canada in recent years although its overall importance as an energy source is still very small. The use of geothermal energy in Canada falls into two broad categories: commercial use to produce electricity and consumer use for home heating. In Canada, the former is limited to a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29991137
1,870,128
2,159,364
Skeletochronology has potential to expand further to other genus' as it has already provided a basis for future research in the evolution of life histories within their environmental context. Yet Climate change has become a major threat to biodiversity estimating to lose 40% of all species in the next decade. As this t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9330285
2,158,132
535,189
Although the importance of 'joint' warfare had been highlighted during Second World War when Australian naval, ground and air units frequently served as part of single commands, the absence of a central authority continued to result in poor co-ordination between the services in the post-war era, with each organising an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1323516
534,910
1,465,826
Patterns of solar irradiance and solar variation have been a main driver of climate change over the millions to billions of years of the geologic time scale, but their role in recent warming is insignificant. Evidence that this is the case comes from analysis on many timescales and from many sources, including: direct ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47491846
1,465,003
427,894
The Albany Congress (June 19 – July 11, 1754), also known as the Albany Convention of 1754, was a meeting of representatives sent by the legislatures of seven of the 13 British colonies in British America: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Those not in attend...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225544
427,684
1,157,110
Rao and Chen [1995] use the Libyan Desert as a radiometrically stable calibration target to derive relative annual degradation rates for Channels 1 and 2 for AVHRR sensors on board the NOAA -7, -9, and -11 satellites. Additionally, with an aircraft field campaign over the White Sands desert site in New Mexico, USA [See...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5050389
1,156,498
1,859,214
Aging in the American workforce, the rapidly increasing numbers of older workers (ages 55 and above) comprising the workforce in the United States, could have significant impacts to the economy, social security benefits, occupational safety and health, health care, and American society as a whole. Researchers from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37423001
1,858,146
1,562,163
All of these comforting notions were shattered by paleoseismology studies showing evidence of extremely large earthquakes (the most recent being in 1700), along with historical tsunami records. In effect, the subduction zone under British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and far northern California, is perfectly normal, b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2457687
1,561,276
676,791
By November 1951, Watson had acquired little training in X-ray crystallography, by his own admission, and thus had not fully understood what Franklin was saying about the structural symmetry of the DNA molecule. Crick, however, knowing the Fourier transforms of Bessel functions that represent the X-ray diffraction patt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2661507
676,438
234,480
Nearly a year later on May 5, 1951, the Nimrod computer—created by engineering firm and nascent computer developer Ferranti—was presented at the Festival of Britain, and then showcased for three weeks in October at the Berlin Industrial Show before being dismantled. Using a panel of lights for its display, it was desig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19992532
234,361
496,452
Concerns were noted during the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which began operations in 2008, is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator complex, intended to collide opposing beams of either protons or lead nuclei with very high kinetic energy. It was built by the European Organiza...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18079182
496,196
1,385,390
Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot, a student of Duchenne de Boulogne, believed like Diamond that photographs would play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of patients. A medical photography unit was established at Salpêtrière hospital in Paris in 1878 by Charcot. He hired Albert Londe who worked at Salpêtrière un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33735616
1,384,623
1,360,000
Having begun as Chattogram District school (now Chittagong Collegiate School) in 1836, it became an intermediate college in 2nd January 1869. Its academic activities as a college started at a Portuguese-merchant built building beside the Parade Ground. The first principal was J C Bose. Initially, it used to offer law e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1325280
1,359,248