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781,872 | At Portsea on the Australian shore, at a "rough and tumble training resort", Percy Cerutty had, through the 1950s and into the 1960s, applied forms of fartlek focusing on the freedom of training variations it allowed; his forms were "deeper and steeper", involving "20 percent beach running in heavy sand, 10 percent rep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=944016 | 781,454 |
911,821 | The tree is extremely susceptible to fire, and is damaged by even low-intensity burns. The resinous bark is capable of igniting quickly, and a crown fire will almost certainly kill the tree. However, populations of "Pinus longaeva" are known to be extremely resilient, and as a primary succession species, it is believed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=649634 | 911,342 |
758,603 | All of the schools were small, with a limited undergraduate curriculum oriented on the classical liberal arts. Because they were expected to become members of the governing class, Harvard applicants were required before entering to "readily make and speak or write true Latin prose and [have] skill in making verse and [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9083795 | 758,197 |
1,795,565 | sHsps have some structural features in common: Very characteristic is a homologous and highly conserved amino acid sequence, the so-called α-crystallin domain near the C-terminus. These domains consist of 80 to 100 residues with sequence homology between 20% and 60% and fold into β-sheets, which are important for the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5961325 | 1,794,556 |
713,658 | Software that creates machine-processable structure can utilize the linguistic, auditory, and visual structure that exist in all forms of human communication. Algorithms can infer this inherent structure from text, for instance, by examining word morphology, sentence syntax, and other small- and large-scale patterns. U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2751096 | 713,286 |
10,047 | The dispute did not delay work. Although progress on the reactor design at Metallurgical Laboratory and DuPont was not sufficiently advanced to accurately predict the scope of the project, a start was made in April 1943 on facilities for an estimated 25,000 workers, half of whom were expected to live on-site. By July 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19603 | 10,043 |
1,323,426 | An essential component of directed evolution is the maintenance of the linkage between enzymatic genotypes and phenotypes. The ability to form DEs on-chip and subsequently sort using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) pushed the field forward. In 2013, Yan "et al." showed the use of FACS to sort DEs. In 2014, Z... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54022162 | 1,322,700 |
774,019 | Around 65,000 to 50,000 years ago, a variety of new technologies, such as projectile weapons, fish hooks, porcelain, and sewing needles, made their appearance. Bird-bone flutes were invented 30,000 to 35,000 years ago, indicating the arrival of music. Artistic creativity also flowered, as can be seen with Venus figurin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54472601 | 773,603 |
437,666 | The Cycadeoideaceae (originally “Cycadeoideae”) were named by English geologist William Buckland in 1828, from fossil trunks found in Jurassic strata on the Isle of Portland, England, which Buckland gave the genus name "Cycadeoidea". Buckland provided a description of the family and two species, but failed to give a de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1885646 | 437,452 |
728,200 | The following review focuses on traditions that incorporate the three pillars of PAR. Closely related approaches that overlap but do not bring the three components together are left out. Applied research, for instance, is not necessarily committed to participatory principles and may be initiated and controlled mostly b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2819542 | 727,816 |
1,111,695 | In the early 1950s, the Hollywood Temple had its name changed to Calvary Temple. The college had been expanding as had the church. Even with the acquisition of other buildings for dorms and the building of a new sanctuary for the church, the space was very limited. They started a campus fund in 1952 with $112.41. In 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=422926 | 1,111,129 |
158,554 | Production of reactive oxygen species is a particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress. Such species include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species (such as superoxide) can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals or other redox cycling compounds (includin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2150549 | 158,473 |
8,154 | Philosopher John Stuart Mill believed that the human mind was open to scientific investigation, even if the science is in some ways inexact. Mill proposed a "mental chemistry" in which elementary thoughts could combine into ideas of greater complexity. Gustav Fechner began conducting psychophysics research in Leipzig i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22921 | 8,151 |
962,561 | Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) was an English polymath who discovered nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, ammonia, hydrogen chloride and (along with Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier) oxygen. Beginning in 1775, Priestley published his research in "Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air", a six-volume wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28755089 | 962,052 |
217,759 | The Pelusium fortress served as means of protection from invaders coming towards the Nile Delta. While the site served this role for more than a millennium, Pelusium was also known for being a center of trade (both land and maritime). Trade was primarily conducted between Egypt and the Levant. While information is not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2672171 | 217,651 |
2,198,243 | The Pleistocene epoch was characterized by frequent large swings in climate, which dramatically impacted ecosystem structure and function, especially in the Arctic. While global temperatures were below the present average for much of this epoch, significantly warmer periods did occur. For example, it is thought that du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58657379 | 2,196,992 |
1,407,128 | To judge by the intense media coverage of deCODE's discoveries, ordinary people were very certainly interested in these genetic risk factors and how they might be relevant to their health. In late 2007, the company effectively launched the field of personal genomics with its deCODEme direct-to-consumer (DTC) scan aimed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1494572 | 1,406,338 |
1,240,878 | Environmental aspects for single-use bioreactors are important to consider due to the amount of disposable material used compared with conventional bioreactors. A complete life cycle assessment comparing single-use bioreactors and conventional bioreactors does not exist, but many ecological reasons are supporting the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31108393 | 1,240,207 |
197,692 | During the 1930s, political tensions between the world powers quickly increased. The Soviet Union and France began to rearm in the early thirties. In the Soviet Union, the mechanisation of the armed forces was part of a massive general industrialisation programme, the successive Five Years Plans, and the country soon h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1559537 | 197,590 |
200,121 | In light of the adverse effects and fatal hyperthermia caused by DNP when it was used clinically, the dose was slowly titrated according to personal tolerance, which varies greatly. Concerns about dangerous side-effects and rapidly developing cataracts resulted in DNP being discontinued in the United States by the end ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=948020 | 200,018 |
76,853 | In 1920 Belgian arms manufacturer Fabrique Nationale (FN) acquired sales and production rights to the BAR series of firearms in Europe from Colt. The first BAR model sold by FN was the Kg m/21 (Kg—"Kulsprutegevär" or "machinegun rifle") chambered for the 6.5×55mm m/94 cartridge. The m/21 is a variant of the Model 1919 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=378838 | 76,824 |
51,312 | An important example is Henri Poincaré, who in 1898 argued that the simultaneity of two events is a matter of convention. In 1900, he recognized that Lorentz's "local time" is actually what is indicated by moving clocks by applying an explicitly "operational definition" of clock synchronization assuming constant light ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28758 | 51,292 |
556,738 | The car gained a reputation as being difficult to drive as the turbocharged engine required a more delicate touch on the throttle than the GP2/11. The opening five rounds of the 2018 championship saw several drivers stalling on the starting grid, prompting criticism of the design, led by drivers Artem Markelov, Lando N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53806623 | 556,449 |
847,259 | Introducing a second semiconductor/metal interface and a gate stack overlapping both junctions, one can obtain a Schottky barrier field effect transistor (SB-FET). The gate steers the carrier injection inside the channel modulating the band bending at the interface, and thus the resistance of the Schottky barriers. Gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=512564 | 846,809 |
1,769,374 | Since the establishment of the People's Republic, considerable investment has gone consistently to expand steel output. However, steel production has been very sensitive to changes in economic policies and political climate. Steel output rose steadily in the 1950s when Soviet advisers helped establish the basis of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14189344 | 1,768,380 |
227,669 | His "Staffel", which had been flying a tight formation around him, peeled away to give him the necessary room to manoeuvre. Marseille rolled his aircraft onto its back, the standard procedure for bail out, but due to the smoke and slight disorientation, he failed to notice that the aircraft had entered a steep dive at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1441176 | 227,552 |
69,953 | The L85A2 achieved an average reliability rate of 25,200 mean rounds between failure, and the L86A2 achieved 12,897 mean rounds between failures. Both weapons have higher reliability rates in cold/dry, temperate, and hot/wet conditions, but lower rates in hot/dry environments. The minimum expected life of A2 components... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=84350 | 69,926 |
1,636,826 | On May 27, 1960, the AEC issued the thirteen page report CF-169 regarding the accident. The report provides a detailed account of the events of the accident. Notably, the report concludes that all of the radiation values recorded by the Westinghouse staff immediately following the accident, including an observation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66995964 | 1,635,901 |
336,065 | HDC plays an especially important role in the field of microfluidics. The first successful apparatus for HDC-on-a-chip system was proposed by Chmela, et al. in 2002. Their design was able to achieve separations using an 80 mm long channel on the timescale of 3 minutes for particles with diameters ranging from 26 to 110... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6329 | 335,887 |
1,259,390 | In an era when municipal water supply systems had not yet been established, Monier realised that his containers could be used for the collection and storage of water for gardens. He continued his education with courses in horticulture and landscape gardening. In 1849, without quitting his post at the Tuileries, he open... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10286525 | 1,258,703 |
1,278,242 | The various interactions of ataxin 1 lead to many possible factors that can exasperate or moderate toxicity of its mutant form. Wild type ataxin 1 is quickly degraded in the cytoplasm, but can be stabilized by phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding as needed by the cell. SCA1 positive mice haplodeficient in 14-3-3ε were sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54421246 | 1,277,549 |
817,302 | Power consumption has become increasingly important, not only in mobile devices such as laptops but also in server and desktop markets. Increasing data center machine density has led to problems delivering sufficient power to devices (especially for spin up), and getting rid of the waste heat subsequently produced, as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32279697 | 816,866 |
546,296 | Nearly 29,000 Australians were taken prisoner by the Axis during the war, the bulk of them members of the Australian Army. During the fighting in the Middle East and Greece, 7,116 Australian soldiers were taken prisoner by German and Italian forces. Of these men, 3,109 were captured at Crete and 2,065 on the mainland o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22738876 | 546,010 |
962,175 | The most commonly used membrane is Nafion by Chemours, which relies on liquid water humidification of the membrane to transport protons. This implies that it is not feasible to use temperatures above 80 to 90 °C, since the membrane would dry. Other, more recent membrane types, based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) or phosph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1049596 | 961,666 |
922,102 | Jupiter's thermosphere is located at pressures lower than 1 μbar and demonstrates such phenomena as airglow, polar aurorae and X-ray emissions. Within it lie layers of increased electron and ion density that form the ionosphere. The high temperatures prevalent in the thermosphere (800–1000 K) have not been explained ye... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30873277 | 921,616 |
19,014 | According to the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), amphetamine is contraindicated in people with a history of drug abuse, cardiovascular disease, severe agitation, or severe anxiety. It is also contraindicated in individuals with advanced arter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2504 | 19,006 |
1,977,383 | The most common alternative to tradition passwords and PIN codes has been biometric authentication. Biometric authentication is a method where systems use physical and/or behavioral traits unique to a specific individual to authorize access. Some of the most popular forms of biometric passwords are as follows: fingerpr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2636626 | 1,976,245 |
911,592 | NHS informatics in England was contracted out to several vendors for national health informatics solutions under the National Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT) label in the early to mid-2000s, under the auspices of NHS Connecting for Health (part of the Health and Social Care Information Centre as of 1 April... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=351581 | 911,113 |
1,008,326 | The focal lengths are made equal for the lines C and F. In the neighborhood of 550 nm the tangent to the curve is parallel to the axis of wavelengths; and the focal length varies least over a fairly large range of color, therefore in this neighborhood the color union is at its best. Moreover, this region of the spectru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2704 | 1,007,805 |
77,419 | Looking at the history of the passage of the Dickey Amendment, in 1992, Mark L. Rosenberg and five CDC colleagues founded the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, with an annual budget of approximately $260,000. They focused on "identifying causes of firearm deaths, and methods to prevent them". The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6811 | 77,390 |
676,049 | A number of accessories are issued with the rifle, including a blade-type bayonet (AKM clipped point or the AK-74 spear point bayonet), four spare magazines, a leather or nylon sling, magazine pouch, cleaning kit and an accessory/maintenance kit for the telescopic sight. Also included is a cold weather battery case wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=337494 | 675,696 |
702,158 | In 1988, Arsys Software's "Star Cruiser" was an innovative action RPG released for the PC-8801. It was notable for being an early example of an RPG with fully 3D polygonal graphics, combined with first-person shooter gameplay, which would occasionally switch to space flight simulator gameplay when exploring outer space... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32408675 | 701,793 |
157,753 | The form and function of modern-day humans' upper bodies appear to have evolved from living in a more forested setting. Living in this kind of environment would have made it so that being able to travel arboreally would have been advantageous at the time. It has also been proposed that, like some modern-day apes, early... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4210 | 157,681 |
1,104,779 | Spartan 201-04 was a Solar Physics Spacecraft designed to perform remote sensing of the hot outer layers of the sun's atmosphere or solar corona. It was expected to be deployed on orbit 18 and retrieved on orbit 52. The objective of the observations was to investigate the mechanisms causing the heating of the solar cor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=557153 | 1,104,216 |
526,536 | In about the mid-19th century scientific communication changed. Until this time ideas were largely exchanged by reading the works of authoritative individuals who dominated in their field: these were often wealthy and influential "gentlemen scientists". Now research was reported by the publication of "papers" that eman... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25007304 | 526,263 |
449,374 | Jackknifing and bootstrapping, well-known statistical resampling procedures, have been employed with parsimony analysis. The jackknife, which involves resampling without replacement ("leave-one-out") can be employed on characters or taxa; interpretation may become complicated in the latter case, because the variable of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1130020 | 449,156 |
499,577 | With the diversity of plant life in the Yixian well known, including examples of a variety of petrified wood and growth rings, and with the help of chemical analysis, scientists have been able to determine the climate of the formation. The Yixian flora was dominated by conifers closely related to modern species that ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1963670 | 499,320 |
1,422,178 | For decades, the main cellular target for radiation induced damage was thought to be the DNA molecule. This view has been challenged by data indicating that in order to increase survival, the cells must protect their proteins, which in turn repair the damage in the DNA. An important part of protection of proteins (but ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1967838 | 1,421,377 |
2,032,519 | On January 5, Durham's Y.M.C.A. team traveled to Chapel Hill, North Carolina to face the Tar Heel in their season–opening match. The Y.M.C.A. brought a strengthened team that featured a couple players who were members of Trinity College's team the prior year. These additions were thought to have made the team better an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62180062 | 2,031,349 |
2,005,728 | The Von Frey assay, introduced by Maximilian von Frey and modified by Weinstein, uses Von Frey hair or fibers, which are small pieces of nylon rod, approximately 50 mm in length, and of varying diameters, to test a rodent's sensitivity to a mechanical stimulus. It is unclear whether the process is really considered nox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31479566 | 2,004,579 |
202,648 | If symptoms do not improve after 4–6 weeks of conservative treatment, or the person is more than 50 years old, further tests are recommended. The American College of Radiology recommends that projectional radiography is the most appropriate initial study in all patients with chronic neck pain. Two additional diagnostic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8639835 | 202,544 |
173,442 | Flerovium, with the expected magic 114 protons, was first synthesized in 1998 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, by a group of physicists led by Yuri Oganessian. A single atom of element 114 was detected, with a lifetime of 30.4 seconds, and its decay products had half-lives measurable in min... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66394 | 173,351 |
802,355 | One active area of research is efficiently delivering personalized drugs generated from pharmacy compounding to the disease sites of the body. For instance, researchers are trying to engineer nanocarriers that can precisely target the specific site by using real-time imaging and analyzing the pharmacodynamics of the dr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 | 801,926 |
88,458 | Most microkernels use a message passing system to handle requests from one server to another. The message passing system generally operates on a port basis with the microkernel. As an example, if a request for more memory is sent, a port is opened with the microkernel and the request sent through. Once within the micro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21346982 | 88,423 |
2,156,433 | The WHO declared Zika a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following a series of global outbreaks and rising cases of neurological disorders in humans in 2015–2016. In March 2015, Zika virus was first discovered in the Americas when Brazil reported a large spike in fine, maculopapular rashes among people,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63936969 | 2,155,202 |
690,771 | Red Bull arrived in Singapore with a new "double-DRS" device fitted on the car. The system had been used by Mercedes near the start of the season, causing a stir due to an effect it created similar to that of the F-duct system, banned after season. The teams unanimously agreed to ban its use for the 2013 season after t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33899691 | 690,408 |
1,237,630 | Project Vela development was started by the Advanced Research Projects Agency in response to international conferences and congressional hearings. A joint Defense Department-United States Atomic Energy Commission program, Project Vela consisted of three segments: Vela Uniform, which detected underground or surface deto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66185637 | 1,236,965 |
1,536,775 | Cancer research: The study of brain cancers has been significantly hampered by the lack of an easy imaging modality to study animals "in vivo". To do so, a craniotomy is often needed, in addition to hours of anesthesia, mechanical ventilation, etc. which significantly alters experimental parameters. For this reason, ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26065582 | 1,535,907 |
1,550,216 | Carrageen is the active polysaccharide compound that is responsible for the mechanisms that give the plant its antioxidant, anticoagulant, and gelling properties. The process of extracting the carrageenan from the "M. stellatus" usually consists of boiling the plant for several hours and using ethanolic precipitation t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6749073 | 1,549,335 |
1,035,404 | Despite the introduction of the Norwegian cyclone model just after World War I, the United States did not formally analyze fronts on surface analyses until late 1942, when the WBAN Analysis Center opened in downtown Washington, D.C. The effort to automate map plotting began in the United States in 1969, with the proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73218 | 1,034,864 |
1,258,775 | Results published in the journal "Science" after the "Phoenix" mission ended reported that chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and possibly sulfate were detected in the samples. The pH was narrowed down to 7.7 + or - 0.5. Perchlorate (ClO), a strong oxidizer, was detected. This was a significa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2383195 | 1,258,088 |
2,014,519 | Due to its close connection with other diseases and disorders, glomerulonephrosis is rarely diagnosed independently and is superseded by those other conditions. The primary test to diagnose a form of glomerulonephrosis is a urinalysis to look for any proteinuria. This is a very important step as an otherwise healthy in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20401801 | 2,013,360 |
1,124,522 | Use of RSSI to locate a transmitter from a single receiver requires that both the transmitted (or backscattered) power from the object to be located are known, and that the propagation characteristics of the intervening region are known. In empty space, signal strength decreases as the inverse square of the distance fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1932188 | 1,123,948 |
2,039,218 | Evidence has been collected that suggests that cross-protection against a diverse range of CBSD-causing virus isolates can be achieved through RNAi silencing. The conserved CP gene, which serves multiple functions in the CBSV life cycle, was used as the transgene of interest. Three distinct RNAi constructs were designe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48797038 | 2,038,039 |
1,055,969 | Hau and her associates at Harvard University "have demonstrated exquisite control over light and matter in several experiments, but her experiment with 2 condensates is one of the most compelling". In 2006 they successfully transferred a qubit from light to a matter wave and back into light, again using Bose–Einstein c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1300275 | 1,055,421 |
1,058,662 | In June 1983, researcher Ross Gundersen demonstrated for the first time that a substance released by developing muscle tissue exerts an attraction on growing spinal nerves, illustrating that growing nerves communicate with the muscles to which they eventually attach. That year the university enrolled a record 6,008 stu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=496736 | 1,058,113 |
1,381,046 | DESI can be coupled to ultra-fast liquid chromatography using an LC eluent splitting strategy. It is a strategy through a tiny orifice on an LC capillary tube. There is negligible dead volume and back pressure that allows for almost real time mass spectrometry detection with a fast elution and purification. This coupli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13281848 | 1,380,283 |
856,308 | On the evening of 27 October, a depressed and tired Boelcke left the squadron mess early to return to his room. He complained of the racket in the mess to his batman, then sat staring into the fire. Böhme joined him, also stating the mess was too noisy. They shared a long talk, ending only when the orderly suggested be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=193002 | 855,853 |
789,976 | 600,000 men and women participated in the war by enlisting as nurses, soldiers and chaplains. In general, non-white people and those born in enemy nations were not welcomed into the military. When Black people from Sydney, Nova Scotia volunteered their services, they were told, "This is not for you fellows, this is a w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5567596 | 789,551 |
173,454 | It may also be possible to generate isotopes in the island of stability such as Fl in multi-nucleon transfer reactions in low-energy collisions of actinide nuclei (such as U and Cm). This inverse quasifission (partial fusion followed by fission, with a shift away from mass equilibrium that results in more asymmetric pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66394 | 173,363 |
1,565,493 | The first efforts that can be considered photogeochemical research can be traced to the "formaldehyde hypothesis" of Adolf von Baeyer in 1870, in which formaldehyde was proposed to be the initial product of plant photosynthesis, formed from carbon dioxide and water through the action of light on a green leaf. This sugg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47664587 | 1,564,606 |
1,891,786 | D. S. Bhakuni, born on 30 December 1930 in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, graduated in chemistry from Allahabad University and completed his master's degree at the same institution. He started his career in 1958 as a teaching faculty but a year later, joined Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow and worke... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52286500 | 1,890,703 |
1,933,935 | The geology of South Dakota began to form more than 2.5 billion years ago in the Archean eon of the Precambrian. Igneous crystalline basement rock continued to emplace through the Proterozoic, interspersed with sediments and volcanic materials. Large limestone and shale deposits formed during the Paleozoic, during prev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57844838 | 1,932,827 |
990,612 | By the 18th century, the term "statistics" designated the systematic collection of demographic and economic data by states. For at least two millennia, these data were mainly tabulations of human and material resources that might be taxed or put to military use. In the early 19th century, collection intensified, and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14986442 | 990,095 |
142,532 | The Chernobyl reactor was a RBMK type. The disaster was caused by a power excursion that led to a steam explosion, meltdown and extensive offsite consequences. Operator error and a faulty shutdown system led to a sudden, massive spike in the neutron multiplication rate, a sudden decrease in the neutron period, and a co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=162498 | 142,474 |
307,148 | The arcade game received positive to mixed reviews, with critics praising the combat and graphics but criticizing the pressure-pad controls. Upon release in August 1987, "Commodore User" magazine said it has some of the "most unusual features which make it worthy of note" such as the experimental rubber pad controls an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2829113 | 306,984 |
953,252 | In the case law to date in 1988, the courts decided that a decision to withhold or withdraw treatment was only for the physician to make, not the courts. However, the Manitoba court decided that given the scarcity of related cases and how none of them considered the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, it would try... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=261763 | 952,747 |
2,072,364 | They had built the Caledonian Canal, linking the three lochs of the Great Glen with the sea at each end. Old Highland footpaths, and the narrow military roads built by General Wade after 1715, had been replaced by wider roads and more substantial bridges. Around 875 miles of road were constructed, and over 1,300 bridge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28138694 | 2,071,173 |
609,598 | Similar to the rotational effect mentioned above, the phenomena associated with flapping wings are not completely understood or agreed upon. Because every model is an approximation, different models leave out effects that are presumed to be negligible. For example, the Wagner effect, as proposed by Herbert A. Wagner in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3409272 | 609,287 |
1,591,466 | Protective lactobacilli inhibit the growth of other microorganisms by competing for adherence to epithelial cells and by producing antimicrobial compounds. These compounds include lactic acid, which lowers the vaginal pH, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. Aberrant strains of "Lactobacilli" are incapable to effectivel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64530838 | 1,590,571 |
1,723,053 | Scientists have deemed vector borne diseases to be sensitive to changes in weather and climate. The abundance of disease carrying vectors in the environment depends on multiple factors, including temperature, relative humidity, and water availability, all factors necessary for the reproductive processes and success of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59716835 | 1,722,083 |
2,161,706 | Using paleomagnetism of rocks from South Africa, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Russia and China, Evans has worked to reassemble the configuration of supercontinents that preceded Pangea. He was a member of drilling projects of the Kaapvaal craton with the Agouron institute for geobiology, and a member of the scientific te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31117281 | 2,160,472 |
1,131,225 | Second-harmonic light emerging from an SHG material is exactly half the wavelength (frequency doubled) of the light entering the material. While two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) is also a two photon process, TPEF loses some energy during the relaxation of the excited state, while SHG is energy conserving. Typical... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12641022 | 1,130,636 |
1,957,167 | Fisheries-induced evolution is a function of the fishing-induced genetic drift, and to some extent represent the reduction of genetic diversity within the targeted population. For many exploited population, this reduction in genetic diversity has been predicted to reduce their adaptability to both environmental variabi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58476264 | 1,956,043 |
1,613,287 | Traditionally, pulmonary lobectomy is performed through a poster-lateral thoracotomy incision; over decades, thoracotomy has demonstrated its effectiveness in providing access to structures in the thorax and is in general tolerated by patients. Thoracotomy, as most commonly performed, requires cutting through one or mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22682698 | 1,612,382 |
25,500 | The delta wing, while excellent for a fast-climbing interceptor, meant any form of turning combat led to a rapid loss of speed. However, the light loading of the aircraft could mean that a climb rate of 235 m/s (46,250 ft/min) was possible with a combat-loaded MiG-21bis, not far short of the performance of the later F-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61962 | 25,491 |
867,041 | "Alamosaurus" was a gigantic quadrupedal herbivore with a long neck and tail and relatively long limbs. Its body was at least partly covered in bony armor. In 2012 Thomas Holtz gave a total length of or more and an approximate weight of 72.5–80 tonnes (80–88 short tons) or more.Though most of the complete remains come ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3026115 | 866,581 |
1,888,126 | At the same time that the US Navy was looking to improve the air defense capabilities of the fleet, air defense in the United States also took on a much greater priority after the Soviet Union exploded its first nuclear weapon on 29 August 1949. The United States established a committee chaired by MIT professor George ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62305142 | 1,887,043 |
120,766 | In the 17th century, mathematicians Blaise Pascal and Christiaan Huygens solved problems involving sometimes complex decisions (problem of points) by using game-theoretic ideas and expected values; others, such as Pierre de Fermat and Jacob Bernoulli, solved these types of problems using combinatorial reasoning instead... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43476 | 120,717 |
1,240,640 | While many of the cited studies suggest that one or more of the EETs released by vascular endothelial cells are responsible for the actions of the vasodilators and that deficiencies in EET production or excessive EET inactivation by sEH underlie certain types of hypertension in humans, they are not conclusive. They do ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4367754 | 1,239,969 |
266,186 | In their original description, Charig and Milner did not consider "Baryonyx" to be aquatic (due to its nostrils being on the sides of its snout—far from the tip—and the form of the post-cranial skeleton), but thought it was capable of swimming, like most land vertebrates. They speculated that the elongated skull, long ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1091918 | 266,042 |
912,360 | In comparison with terrestrial-based biofuel crops such as corn or soybeans, microalgal production results in a much less significant land footprint due to the higher oil productivity from the microalgae than all other oil crops. Algae can also be grown on marginal lands useless for ordinary crops and with low conserva... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14205946 | 911,881 |
157,752 | There are at least twelve distinct hypotheses as to how and why bipedalism evolved in humans, and also some debate as to when. Bipedalism evolved well before the large human brain or the development of stone tools. Bipedal specializations are found in "Australopithecus" fossils from 4.2 to 3.9 million years ago and rec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4210 | 157,680 |
2,055,318 | However, only a fraction of the total concentration of ALDH3A1 in the cornea is used for metabolizing aldehydes. This observation has sparked multiple investigations of ALDH3A1's role beyond aldehyde metabolism. Although the full scope of ALDH3A1's function is yet to be firmly established, there is strong evidence sugg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14764096 | 2,054,135 |
1,968,308 | In 1977 at Rice University Clayton had been named "Co-Investigator" for the NASA-approved proposal for the OSSE spectrometer on Compton, and in 1982 he summarized physical expectations for several gamma-ray-line emitting young nuclei. Key to the intense supernova radioactivity had been Clayton's 1967 discovery that rap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36061850 | 1,967,177 |
372,395 | Crucial to U.S. participation was the sweeping domestic propaganda campaign. In order to achieve this, President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information through Executive Order 2594 on April 13, 1917, which was the first state bureau in the United States that's main focus was on propaganda. The man charged b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25604889 | 372,200 |
425,461 | A variant fitted to the British Royal Navy's s differed in several respects from the original Australian version designed to operate in the Pacific. The Royal Navy required changes to the frequencies used in order to enable Ikara to be used in the NATO area, where different electronic warfare conditions and internation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=867825 | 425,253 |
10,449 | Commoners are estimated to have comprised over 90% of the population, but relatively little is known about them. Their houses were generally constructed from perishable materials, and their remains have left little trace in the archaeological record. Some commoner dwellings were raised on low platforms, and these can b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18449273 | 10,444 |
51,067 | At the end of the Devonian period (360 million years ago), the seas, rivers and lakes were teeming with life while the land was the realm of early plants and devoid of vertebrates, though some, such as "Ichthyostega", may have sometimes hauled themselves out of the water. It is thought they may have propelled themselve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=621 | 51,047 |
503,873 | SMPs are smart materials with potential applications as, e.g., intravenous cannula, self-adjusting orthodontic wires and selectively pliable tools for small scale surgical procedures where currently metal-based shape-memory alloys such as Nitinol are widely used. Another application of SMP in the medical field could be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9111849 | 503,614 |
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