doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
689,239 | During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy and engineering. The collection of ancient scientific texts began in earnest at the start of the 15th century and continued up to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the invention of prin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4175709 | 688,877 |
25,079 | This system lacks the conceptual simplicity of using artefacts (referred to as "prototypes") as realisations of units to define those units: with prototypes, the definition and the realisation are one and the same. However, using artefacts has two major disadvantages that, as soon as it is technologically and scientifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26764 | 25,070 |
762,155 | Most commercial agriculture is intensive in one or more ways. Forms that rely heavily on industrial methods are often called industrial agriculture, which is characterised by innovations designed to increase yield. Techniques include planting multiple crops per year, reducing the frequency of fallow years, and improvin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=152772 | 761,747 |
886,819 | In some instances, when a species has a sister species and breeding capabilities are possible due to the removal of previous barriers or through introduction due to human intervention, species can hybridize and exchange genes and corresponding traits. This exchange is not always clear-cut, for sometimes the hybrids may... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=327061 | 886,355 |
458,784 | Publishing lectures quickly brought him to the attention of the national abolitionist movement. His "Destiny of the People of Color", "Freedom and Slavery for Africans", and "A lecture on the Haitian Revolution; with a note on Toussaint L'Ouverture", established him as a new force in the field. He directed the Colored ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=368042 | 458,560 |
1,856,856 | In 2003, a controversial paper written by Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas was published in the journal after being accepted by editor Chris de Freitas. The article reviewed 240 previous papers and concluded that "Across the world, many records reveal that the 20th century is probably not the warmest or a uniquely extre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25256651 | 1,855,788 |
1,797,854 | Modern authors are not consistent in their treatment of de Moivre's role in the history of mortality laws. On the one hand, Dick London describes de Moivre's law as "the first continuous probability distribution to be suggested" for use as a model of human survival. Robert Batten takes a similar view, adding that "[de ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30389604 | 1,796,845 |
1,617,277 | In 1978–79, when approximately 20,000 transistors could be fabricated in a single chip, Carver Mead and Lynn Conway wrote the textbook "Introduction to VLSI Systems". It was published in 1979 and became a bestseller, since it was the first VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design textbook usable by non-physicists. ("... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8144645 | 1,616,364 |
781,984 | The most famous Japanese robotic automaton was presented to the public in 1927. The Gakutensoku was supposed to have a diplomatic role. Actuated by compressed air, it could write fluidly and raise its eyelids. Many robots were constructed before the dawn of computer-controlled servomechanisms, for the public relations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13946920 | 781,565 |
765,463 | The Walker Cell plays a key role in this and in the El Niño phenomenon. If convective activity slows in the Western Pacific for some reason (this reason is not currently known), the climates of areas adjacent to the Western Pacific are affected. First, the upper-level westerly winds fail. This cuts off the source of re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=433085 | 765,053 |
1,866,674 | Polyaniline nanofibers have been used in the creation of monolithic actuators. They can be used in this application due to their ability to be flash-welded. When exposed to light, polyaniline converts the absorbed energy directly into heat. In a polyaniline film, the heat is dispersed throughout the polymer. In polyani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24769245 | 1,865,599 |
1,046,553 | After graduating from James Madison High School, he decided to pursue a scholarly career rather than a musical one. He enrolled at Columbia College in New York in 1932. During his senior year, he attended a class taught by Franz Boas concerning American Indian languages. He graduated in 1936 with a bachelor degree. Wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16399 | 1,046,008 |
277,720 | This period saw the development of active sonar (ASDIC) and its integration into a complete weapons system by the British, as well as the introduction of radar. During the period, there was a great advance due to the introduction of electronics for amplifying, processing, and displaying signals. In particular, the "ran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3480866 | 277,570 |
535,140 | After the withdrawal from Gallipoli the Australians returned to Egypt and the AIF underwent a major expansion. In 1916 the infantry began to move to France while the cavalry units remained in the Middle East to fight the Turks. Australian troops of the Anzac Mounted Division and the Australian Mounted Division saw acti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1323516 | 534,861 |
135,429 | Low-income families are less likely to provide a stimulating home learning environment to their children due to time constraints and financial stress. Compared to two-parent households, children with a single-parent generally don't have better social, behavioral, educational, or cognitive outcomes than those with two p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9627698 | 135,374 |
1,228,288 | The Japanese modelled their industrial economy closely on the most advanced European models. They started with textiles, railways, and shipping, expanding to electricity and machinery. The most serious weakness was a shortage of raw materials. Industry ran short of copper and coal became a net importer. A deep flaw in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54108025 | 1,227,626 |
2,120,264 | An alternative way of referring to the past is to use a scale with intervals of equal duration. We speak of a given decade, century, or millennium. For the enormously long geologic time frame, it is advantageous to use corresponding large, equal time intervals encompassing the events and processes that have shaped our ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3219640 | 2,119,045 |
367,851 | Although the fourth test was described as a success, the "New York Times" in August 1993 reported that the HOE4 test was rigged to increase the likelihood of a successful hit. At the urging of Senator David Pryor, the General Accounting Office investigated the claims and concluded that though steps were taken to make i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29186 | 367,658 |
1,986,928 | Competitive-swimwear manufacturer Arena sponsors Mortimer. In November 2012, she went public about her and her uncle's difficulty in finding sponsorship since the 2010 Worlds. Mortimer said that Paralympic athletes received no prize money, despite thousands of dollars given by the government to winning Olympians and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36891092 | 1,985,786 |
136,020 | On the other hand, some commentators are unimpressed with these resemblances and consider them to be accidental. Antony Hopkins, discussing the theme in the scherzo, says "no musician with an ounce of feeling could confuse [the two rhythms]", explaining that the scherzo rhythm begins on a strong musical beat whereas th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33687194 | 135,965 |
370,019 | In 1927 Holst was commissioned by the New York Symphony Orchestra to write a symphony. Instead, he wrote an orchestral piece "Egdon Heath", inspired by Thomas Hardy's Wessex. It was first performed in February 1928, a month after Hardy's death, at a memorial concert. By this time the public's brief enthusiasm for every... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49241 | 369,825 |
1,076,595 | Which character sequences constitute identifiers depends on the lexical grammar of the language. A common rule is alphanumeric sequences, with underscore also allowed (in some languages, _ is not allowed), and with the condition that it can not begin with a numerical digit (to simplify lexing by avoiding confusing with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61823811 | 1,076,040 |
1,060,679 | In contrast to his 1850 measurement, Foucault's 1862 measurement was aimed at obtaining an accurate absolute value for the speed of light, since his concern was to deduce an improved value for the astronomical unit. At the time, Foucault was working at the Paris Observatory under Urbain le Verrier. It was le Verrier's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=148819 | 1,060,127 |
2,146,302 | Born Anne Elizabeth Brookes on 25 August 1940 at Golders Green, she was the only child of Elizabeth ("née" Marshall) and James Frederick Crompton Brooks (1914–1996), an engineer in the Ministry of Aircraft Production. She was educated at Pate's Grammar School for Girls in Cheltenham, going on to study at University Col... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18517854 | 2,145,071 |
173,936 | Non-medical use of amphetamines in higher education has seen a large increase in popularity. College and other higher education students have reported using amphetamines for many different purposes such as partying, self medication, and the most common being studying. Since amphetamine use is illicit in most countries,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40542151 | 173,845 |
535,116 | Despite a reputation of colonial inferiority, many of the locally raised units were highly organised, disciplined, professional, and well trained. During this period, defences in Australia mainly revolved around static defence by combined infantry and artillery, based on garrisoned coastal forts. However, by the 1890s,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1323516 | 534,837 |
2,081,959 | The POGs program takes biopsies from metastatic tumours from patients, sequences both the DNA and RNA, and then research what is driving the person's cancer in an attempt to pick the right drug for the right person at the right time. Recognition of specific genetic abnormalities that are promoting cancer progression ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60103727 | 2,080,759 |
56,163 | Assuming dark energy remains constant (an unchanging cosmological constant), so that the expansion rate of the universe continues to accelerate, there is a "future visibility limit" beyond which objects will "never" enter the observable universe at any time in the infinite future, because light emitted by objects outsi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=251399 | 56,139 |
618,948 | c. Military engagement during FID supports the other instruments of national power through a variety of activities across the range of military operations. In some cases, direct military support may be necessary in order to provide the secure environment for "Although on the surface, FID [foreign internal defense] appe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14355446 | 618,634 |
689,485 | Ion beams mutate DNA by deleting multiple bases from the genome. Compared to traditional sources of radiation, like gamma rays and X-rays, ion beams have been shown to cause more severe breaks in DNA that are more difficult to weave back together, causing the change in DNA to be more drastic than changes caused by trad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31552410 | 689,123 |
1,188,190 | Medium and large ladles which are suspended from a crane have a bail which holds the ladle on shafts, called trunnions. To tilt the ladle a gearbox is used and this is typically a worm gear. The gear mechanism may be hand operated with a large wheel or may be operated by an electric motor or pneumatic motor. Powered ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4800139 | 1,187,558 |
259,401 | Cellular automaton processors are physical implementations of CA concepts, which can process information computationally. Processing elements are arranged in a regular grid of identical cells. The grid is usually a square tiling, or tessellation, of two or three dimensions; other tilings are possible, but not yet used.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54342 | 259,267 |
205,863 | Charles Janeway Sr. is generally credited with the first description of a case of CVID in 1953. The case involved a 39-year-old who had recurrent infections, bronchiectasis, and meningitis. CVID has since emerged as the predominant class of primary antibody deficiencies. It is thought to affect between 1 in 25,000 to 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3011148 | 205,757 |
1,988,042 | In 1999, government spending on education was 4.94% of GDP, with higher education equating to 0.92% of GDP. There were 60,686 tertiary students in 2011. Just 12% of them (7,225) graduated in science and engineering fields that year, compared to 44% in Tunisia. In 2014, 52% of tertiary graduates in science, engineering ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47911441 | 1,986,900 |
882,199 | Although CSMA/CA has been used in a variety of wired communication systems, it is particularly beneficial in a wireless LAN due to a common problem of multiple stations being able to see the Access Point, but not each other. This is due to differences in transmit power, and receive sensitivity, as well as distance, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40846 | 881,735 |
577,490 | VIU developed governing board and senate policies as well as aboriginal governed councils within the university structure. Aboriginal elders are present on campus at VIU to provide social supports. VIU has developed an Aboriginal Shellfish Aquaculture Training Program to meet specific needs within aboriginal communitie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=876966 | 577,194 |
1,884,164 | In 1990, an academic priorities committee was formed under Northeastern President John Curry's tenure to examine where the university should downsize its academic operations. Those recommendations led Northeastern's Faculty Senate and Board of Trustees to approve the merger of the Boston-Bouvé College of Human Developm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42827233 | 1,883,083 |
1,208,807 | Two of the Royal Flying Corps' early Bristol Scout C aircraft, numbers 1609 and 1611, flown by Captain Lanoe Hawker with No. 6 Squadron RFC, were each, in their turn – as 1609 was written off from combat damage, 1611 received its gun mount hardware as its replacement—armed with a Lewis machine gun on the left side of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4115009 | 1,208,160 |
71,435 | With McLaren's longest continuous testing session lasting twelve laps in Montmeló – a total of , a sixth of a total Grand Prix distance – before running into engine trouble, Honda elected to detune the power units for the opening Grands Prix in an effort to improve reliability and longevity while the manufacturer worke... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39263987 | 71,408 |
1,811,217 | The island was hit by the yaws disease in the 1860s, leading to a massive depopulation in the Vanni. In 1867 governor Hercules Robinson appointed James Loos, the colonial surgeon for the Northern Province, to investigate the depopulation. Amongst Loos' recommendations was that there should be a plan for medical educati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3772723 | 1,810,184 |
155,745 | Empedocles attempted to explain the separation of elements, the formation of earth and sea, of Sun and Moon, of atmosphere. He also dealt with the first origin of plants and animals, and with the physiology of humans. As the elements entered into combinations, there appeared strange results—heads without necks, arms wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9553 | 155,674 |
445,142 | In early 1894, the Donghak Peasant Revolution broke out in Korea, prompting China to send an expedition of 28,000 to suppress the rebels. Japan viewed this as a violation of the Tientsin Convention and deployed 8,000 troops in response, leading to the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War on 1 August. The Chinese fle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2438589 | 444,927 |
981,624 | Ground was broken after the 1969 season, and it opened in September 1970 with a capacity of 14,500. Subsequent expansions were completed in 1975 and 1997, and current capacity sits at around 37,000. In August 2010, the university unveiled a $100 million expansion plan for Bronco Stadium. The first stage will include: a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=86645 | 981,112 |
1,232,457 | The Type 97 had the same principles as most fragmentation grenades of the period: a grooved "pineapple-shaped" segmented body which dispersed sharp pieces of shrapnel when it exploded. Operation was accomplished by first screwing down the firing pin, so that it protruded from the base of the striker. Then the safety pi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2556028 | 1,231,795 |
2,119,828 | In the late 1950s the US Bureau of Standards brought together all that was then known about thermophysical properties of various materials. Information had multiplied since that time and Touloukian and others worked in whatever space was available in the School of Mechanical Engineering to bring the information up to d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36399133 | 2,118,609 |
771,433 | The Justinian dynasty began with the accession of its namesake Justin I to the throne. Justin I was born in a big village, Bederiana, in the 450s CE. Like many country youths, he went to Constantinople and enlisted in the army, where, due to his physical abilities, he became a part of the Excubitors, the palace guards.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25005863 | 771,019 |
1,179,076 | Modern physical cell disruptors typically operate via either pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. Although pneumatic machines are typically lower cost, their performance can be unreliable due to variations in the processing pressure throughout the stroke of the air pump. It is generally considered that hydraulic machines o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1637666 | 1,178,452 |
2,046,262 | In December 1986, Cameron joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin—Madison, as an assistant professor and advanced to full professor. The focus of his research was metabolic engineering (a field now more commonly known as synthetic biology) and industrial microbiology. One of his fir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60077987 | 2,045,081 |
463,541 | On tomato, foliar symptoms of "A. solani" generally occur on the oldest leaves and start as small lesions that are brown to black in color. These leaf spots resemble concentric rings - a distinguishing characteristic of the pathogen - and measure up to 1.3 cm (0.51 inches) in diameter. Both the area around the leaf spo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11459992 | 463,312 |
1,996,097 | After thorough analysis of literature (including Moray (1959) and Norman (1969)), Nissen and Bullemer found that the procedures used in measuring recall of the "unattended" stimuli in such studies were highly reliant on traditional introspective measures, such as recall or recognition tests. Developing research at the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25368616 | 1,994,954 |
541,988 | At 5:01 PM on April 27, 2011, all three reactors scrammed due to loss of external power caused by a tornado in the vicinity of the plant. Control rod insertion and cooling procedures operated as designed with no physical damage or release of radiation. Diesel backup generators provided power after a brief period of out... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1344090 | 541,708 |
1,947,699 | Despite being a fern with sporangia, the "Archaeopteris" resembled modern conifers and has been found to grow similarly with woody strength built in rings to support weight and height, protective bark that shields the xylem, and extra wood at the base of the branch to prevent breakage. Carluccio, Hueber, and Banks (196... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50077119 | 1,946,586 |
1,248,160 | The local-area augmentation system (LAAS) is an all-weather aircraft landing system based on real-time differential correction of the GPS signal. Local reference receivers located around the airport send data to a central location at the airport. This data is used to formulate a correction message, which is then transm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3335034 | 1,247,484 |
692,486 | Solar spectrum at the Earth surface changes constantly depending on the weather and sun position. This results in the variation of φ(λ), "QE"(λ), α(λ) and thus the short-circuit currents "J". As a result, the current densities "J" are not necessarily matched and the total current becomes lower. These variations can be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16531764 | 692,123 |
1,648,912 | The rocks comprising Patagonia occurred along the southwestern margin of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. During a period of continental rifting in the Cambrian period, a portion of Patagonia was separated from Gondwana, and the resulting passive margin that formed was a site of extensive sedimentation throughou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52999526 | 1,647,980 |
1,374,116 | Although the biological control industry has acknowledged EPNs since the 1980s, relatively little is understood about their biology in natural and managed ecosystems (Georgis 2002). Nematode-host interactions are poorly understood, and more than half of the natural hosts for recognized "Steinernema" and "Heterorhabditi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4200196 | 1,373,358 |
628,052 | Development in specific lineages can be biased either positively, towards a given trajectory or phenotype, or negatively, away from producing certain types of change; either may be absolute (the change is always or never produced) or relative. Evidence for any such direction in evolution is however hard to acquire and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57414 | 627,717 |
360,206 | The "Quake" series continued with "Quake II" in 1997. Activision purchased a 49% stake in id Software, making it a second party which took publishing duties until 2009. However, the game is not a storyline sequel, and instead focuses on an assault on an alien planet, Stroggos, in retaliation for Strogg attacks on Earth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15526 | 360,019 |
318,652 | In Europe, the Swiss Traugott Oertli developed a blender based on the technical construction and design style conception of the first Waring Blendor (1937-1942), releasing in 1943 the "Turmix Standmixer". Based on the blender, Traugott also developed another kind of appliance to extract juice of any juicy fruit or vege... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=555505 | 318,481 |
1,743,765 | The Falcon in essence is a consumer robot. It consists of its grip connected via three arms to a roughly conical body, which sits on a U-shaped base. Each of the three arms moves in and out of the Falcon's body. The default grip is a small spherical grip with 4 buttons on the top. The buttons are the Novint Logo for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15055014 | 1,742,781 |
318,390 | Low molecular weight PAHs, with two to four aromatic hydrocarbon rings, are more potent as co-carcinogens during the promotional stage of cancer. In this stage, an initiated cell (a cell that has retained a carcinogenic mutation in a key gene related to cell replication) is removed from growth-suppressing signals from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=653006 | 318,219 |
1,097,185 | Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, "Chaunograp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62177 | 1,096,625 |
11,498 | During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, NATO provided thousands of Javelins to Ukraine, where they proved highly effective. Javelins have been responsible for a part of the hundreds of armored vehicles Ukraine has destroyed, captured or damaged. An image dubbed "Saint Javelin", which shows Mary Magdalene holding a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=315575 | 11,493 |
927,635 | The emergence of international political economy can be traced to the late 1960s and early 1970s, when deepening economic interdependence prompted by the growth of post-war economic institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, drew increasing attention wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=630327 | 927,147 |
389,246 | Interdisciplinary research includes superconductivity, space commercialization and exploration, biomedical sciences and engineering, energy and natural resources, and artificial intelligence. Awarding nearly 11,000 degrees annually, UH's alumni base exceeds 300,000. The economic impact of the university contributes ove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=490310 | 389,051 |
923,555 | In April 2022, the results of two related experiments were presented at The Science of Consciousness conference. In a study Hameroff was part of, Jack Tuszyński of the University of Alberta demonstrated that anesthetics hasten the duration of a process called delayed luminescence, in which microtubules and tubulins tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=712245 | 923,069 |
1,915,614 | Endomicroscopy is a technique for obtaining histology-like images from inside the human body in real-time, a process known as ‘optical biopsy’. It generally refers to fluorescence confocal microscopy, although multi-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography have also been adapted for endoscopic use. Commercial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37293330 | 1,914,515 |
1,573,039 | Hillman's research was underpinned by long periods of botanical and archaeological fieldwork. His first excavation (1969–70) was the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Can Hasan III on the Konya Plain of central Turkey, where large-scale flotation recovered early domesticated plants, including rye. From 1970-73 Hillman jo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14592443 | 1,572,150 |
143,433 | The most common phosphenes are pressure phosphenes, caused by rubbing or applying pressure on or near the closed eyes. They have been known since antiquity, and described by the Greeks. The pressure mechanically stimulates the cells of the retina. Experiences include a darkening of the visual field that moves against t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=757288 | 143,375 |
771,075 | Dedicated in 1921, Sabine Field was originally a venue for football, baseball, track, and outdoor ice hockey. Over time, as hockey moved indoors and baseball found its own home at Garrity Field, Sabine continued to serve the university football and cross country teams. Then in 2013, a renovation transformed Sabine Fiel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2063664 | 770,661 |
2,122,005 | The Swedish Armed Forces Logistics (FMLOG) was established on 1 January 2002 from the remnants of the Maintenance Regiment ("Underhållsregemente") organization. The stated main purpose was to bring about rationalizations and increased cost efficiency. An important task was to dismantle and reduce the anti invasion defe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69078549 | 2,120,786 |
607,850 | Technology has become an important factor in collaborative learning. Over the past ten years, the Internet has allowed for a shared space for groups to communicate. Virtual environments have been critical to allowing people to communicate long-distances but still feel like they are part of the group. Research has been ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=665948 | 607,539 |
1,444,837 | The venerable Soyuz rocket vehicle would be an approximately 60-year-old design by 2020 and it could not remain competitive with the new vehicles, like the Falcon 9. It was described by Progress CEO, Mr. Kirilin, as "technologically and operationally hopelessly outdated". It has conical sections, where each panel is un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47580418 | 1,444,021 |
1,929,341 | By 2010 Poland is hoping that the number of people enrolled in higher education should rise 35-40% and 40-45% in 2020. These increases will raise new challenges for higher education in regards to its accessibility, particularly for the inhabitants of villages and small towns. Ideally Poland wants to decrease the differ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14476158 | 1,928,236 |
773,793 | In these cases Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie favored simplicity over perfection. The Unix system would occasionally return early from a system call with an error stating that it had done nothing—the "Interrupted System Call", or an error number 4 (codice_1) in today's systems. Of course the call had been aborted in o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=223176 | 773,377 |
835,071 | Other non-drug treatments that have been evaluated for this condition include acupuncture, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, programs for physical activity, transrectal thermotherapy and a different set of recommendations regarding lifestyle changes. Acupuncture probably leads to a decrease in prostatitis symptoms when... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17223049 | 834,622 |
628,448 | One of Napoleon's largest advantages was the speed of his troop movements. Napoleon insisted on extreme speed when conducting the marches, movements and attacks of his army. He claimed that the "Loss of time is irreparable in war…I may lose a battle but I should never lose a minute." Many factors contributed to Napoleo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14776255 | 628,113 |
348,618 | During the early history of the Solar System, the asteroids melted to some degree, allowing elements within them to be partially or completely differentiated by mass. Some of the progenitor bodies may even have undergone periods of explosive volcanism and formed magma oceans. Because of the relatively small size of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47264 | 348,436 |
608,309 | In electromagnetic designs, the trigger, instead of being mechanically linked to the action of the marker, simply activates an electronic micro-switch (or more recently, a magnetic or optical sensor). That information is passed through control circuitry to a computer-controlled solenoid valve which can open and close v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2725902 | 607,998 |
662,294 | For a robot to associate behaviors with a place (localization) requires it to know where it is and to be able to navigate point-to-point. Such navigation began with wire-guidance in the 1970s and progressed in the early 2000s to beacon-based triangulation. Current commercial robots autonomously navigate based on sensin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48049 | 661,949 |
1,609,719 | He was admitted to his Professorial Fellowship at Emmanuel in 1973; he was the longest-serving professor in the University when he retired from his chair in 2002. He taught engineering for the College but, before becoming Master his main college contribution was serving on the Governing Body and its committees. He was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7826010 | 1,608,814 |
1,564,023 | The capsids of most plant viruses are simple and robust structures consisting of multiple copies of one or a few types of protein subunit arranged with either icosahedral or helical symmetry. The capsids can be produced in large quantities either by the infection of plants or by the expression of the subunit(s) in a va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56007469 | 1,563,136 |
2,113,456 | The observatory holds significance in astronomy because of its association with the development of selenium and photoelectric cell. The cell revolutionized the science of astronomical photoelectric photometry by the use of electricity to measure the brightness of stars by providing a more precise and accurate measureme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7524908 | 2,112,241 |
779,255 | The clade Dinosauria is divided into the Saurischia and Ornithischia based on hip structure, including importantly that of the ilium. In both saurischians and ornithischians, the ilium extends laterally to both sides from the axis of the body. The other two hip bones, the ischium and the pubis, extend ventrally down fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3288580 | 778,838 |
727,691 | Resistance to avermectins has been reported, which suggests moderation in use. Resistance in "Caenorhabditis elegans" has been observed by the most obvious route – variation of the glutamate-gated chloride channel. Research on ivermectin, piperazine, and dichlorvos in combinations also shows potential for toxicity. Ave... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5804791 | 727,308 |
278,601 | Type I interferons (IFN), secreted mainly by dendritic cells, play a central role in antiviral host defense and a cell's antiviral state. Viral components are recognized by different receptors: Toll-like receptors are located in the endosomal membrane and recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), MDA5 and RIG-I receptors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3113497 | 278,451 |
326,071 | In the Becquerel variation of the process, published in 1840 but very rarely used in the 19th century, the plate, sensitized by fuming with iodine alone, was developed by overall exposure to sunlight passing through yellow, amber or red glass. The silver iodide in its unexposed condition was insensitive to the red end ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=103177 | 325,898 |
1,009,751 | "IGN" praised the time pressure mechanic, saying it made the game more tense and added replayability "you're never given enough time to pursue them all [leads]. This added some welcome tension and forced me to make a lot of interesting decisions". "Destructoid" liked how there was no "golden route" and you had benefits... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70997952 | 1,009,230 |
1,812,746 | "Branchio" refers to the branchial arches, also known as the pharyngeal arches, of the affected individual. The branchial arches are structures in the developing embryo that give rise to certain tissues in the neck and facial area. In individuals affected by this condition, the branchial arches fail to develop properly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41341790 | 1,811,713 |
292,035 | The European Informatics Network (EIN), originally called COST 11, was a project beginning in 1971 to link networks in Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland and Euratom. Six other European countries also participated in the research on network protocols. Derek Barber directed the project,and Roger Scantlebury led the UK ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43339 | 291,877 |
1,341,117 | Because of the only relatively recent discovery of neurons and how they conduct and interpret signals, including sensations such as pain, within the body, various theories have been proposed as to the causes of pain and its role or function. Even within seemingly limited groups, such as the ancient Greeks, there were c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34045015 | 1,340,384 |
551,111 | There are also MD studies done on precipitate strengthening mechanisms. Shim et al. applied MD simulations to study the precipitate strengthening effects of nanosized body-centered-cubic (bcc) Cu on face-centered-cubic (fcc) Fe. As discussed in the previous section, the precipitate strengthening effects are caused by t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14369650 | 550,823 |
709,249 | Pt/C seems to be the best electrocatalyst for O evolution and Au/C for O reduction when is the product. Nevertheless, "the performance of rechargeable lithium–air batteries with non-aqueous electrolytes is limited by the reactions on the oxygen electrode, especially by O evolution. Conventional porous carbon air electr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24429024 | 708,879 |
406,137 | Place-name evidence may indicate some locations which were used as places of worship by the pre-Christian Anglo-Saxons. However, no unambiguous archaeological evidence currently supports the interpretation of these sites as places of cultic practice. Two words that appear repeatedly in Old English place names and , hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2624098 | 405,937 |
1,619,986 | According to the FDA's criteria for significant risk investigations of magnetic resonance, the specific absorption rate (SAR) that a medical device is licensed to deliver to the body is limited to certain electrical power during a limited time. The SAR for whole body and head is less than 4 and 3.2 Watt per kilogram, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60902351 | 1,619,071 |
427,079 | Phototrophs () are organisms that carry out photon capture to produce complex organic compounds (e.g. carbohydrates) and acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a common misconception that phototrophs are obligatorily photosynthetic. Many, but not all, pho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1418389 | 426,870 |
1,323,652 | This mode displays the major solar system objects from the Sun to Pluto, and Jupiter's moons, orbits of all solar system moons, all 550,000+ minor planets all positioned with their correct scale, position and phase. The user can move forward and backward in time at various rates, or type in a time and date for which to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15862493 | 1,322,926 |
1,272,461 | On 26 May 1955, the U.S. National Security Council also endorsed a satellite program. On 8 June, United States Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson directed Assistant Secretary Donald A. Quarles to coordinate the implementation of a satellite program, with the United States Department of Defense providing the rocket and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1277086 | 1,271,770 |
1,706,502 | Initial results of a Novocure-sponsored, phase-3, randomized clinical trial of TTFields in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were reported in November, 2014, and published in December 2015. Interim analysis showed a statistically significant benefit in median survival for patients treated with TTFields plus co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34653288 | 1,705,544 |
705,385 | In the early 1920s, photographers moved towards what they called "straight photography". In contrast to the pictorialist style, they now rejected any kind of manipulation in the photographic process (e.g., soft lens, special developing or printing methods) and tried to use the advantages of the camera as a unique mediu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3662104 | 705,016 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.