doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
1,813,698
The electronic properties are greatly influenced by the unique conical structure of SWNHs. Most of the studies on the electronic properties investigated the conical endcaps that contain five pentagons in the hexagonal network. Berber "et al". utilized theoretical calculations to determine the stability, optimum geometr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33177808
1,812,664
1,753,928
Mainstream economics today is based to a large extent on bad ideas. Economic concepts, from foundational issues like markets, supply and demand and “free trade”, to money and finance, lack any systematic awareness of the physical process of production or the implications of the Laws of Thermodynamics for those processe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3540587
1,752,938
1,365,678
That view came to an end in the latter part of the 20th century and early part of the 21st century, with changes in technology and law. First, in 1981 "Diamond v. Chakrabarty" established that companies may obtain patents for life-forms—originally genetically engineered unicellular bacteria. In 2002 "J.E.M. Ag Supply v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1274922
1,364,922
1,692,253
The Leontief inverse contains the multipliers for the direct and indirect inter-industry inputs required to provide 1 unit of output to final demand. Next to the inter-industry flows recorded in , each industry requires additional inputs (e.g. energy, materials, capital, labour) and outputs (e.g. emissions) which can b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42831222
1,691,302
1,087,349
Both subfields are primarily concerned with electronic structure and the dynamical processes by which these arrangements change. Generally this work involves using quantum mechanics. For molecular physics, this approach is known as quantum chemistry. One important aspect of molecular physics is that the essential atomi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48579
1,086,790
93,447
A risk for myopia may be inherited from one's parents. Genetic linkage studies have identified 18 possible loci on 15 different chromosomes that are associated with myopia, but none of these loci is part of the candidate genes that cause myopia. Instead of a simple one-gene locus controlling the onset of myopia, a comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=88042
93,406
1,990,002
IMPRINT's workload management abilities allow users to model realistic operator actions under different work overload conditions. IMPRINT allows users to specify Warfighters which represent human operators in the modeled system. Each task in IMPRINT is associated with at least one Warfighter. Warfighters can be assigne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51636312
1,988,860
26,441
Orion was originally conceived by Lockheed Martin as a proposal for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to be used in NASA's Constellation program. Lockheed Martin's proposal defeated a competing proposal by Northrop Grumman, and was selected by NASA in 2006 to be the CEV. Originally designed with a service module featu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60758751
26,431
854,467
In the early 1920s Otto Hahn created a new line of research. Using the "emanation method", which he had recently developed, and the "emanation ability", he founded what became known as "applied radiochemistry" for the researching of general chemical and physical-chemical questions. In 1936 Cornell University Press publ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=242001
854,012
1,159,321
The first Soviet atomic bomb test in August 1949 was embarrassing to the British (who had not expected a Soviet atomic weapon until 1954) for having been beaten, but it was for the Americans another reason for cooperation. The agreement on raw materials was due to expire at the end of the year. The Americans offered to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52573493
1,158,706
923,518
The existence of additional cannabinoid receptors has long been suspected, due to the actions of compounds such as abnormal cannabidiol that produce cannabinoid-like effects on blood pressure and inflammation, yet do not activate either CB or CB. Recent research strongly supports the hypothesis that the "N"-arachidonoy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=586091
923,032
851,718
After the Second Punic War, there was a great increase in income inequality. While the landed peasantry was drafted to serve in increasingly long campaigns, their farms and homesteads fell into bankruptcy. With Rome's great military victories, vast numbers of slaves were imported into Italy. Significant mineral wealth ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12170961
851,265
251,916
Causes of hyperthermia include dehydration, use of certain medications, using cocaine and amphetamines or excessive alcohol use. Bodily temperatures greater than 37.5–38.3 °C (99.5-101.0 °F) can be diagnosed as a hyperthermic case. As body temperatures increase or excessive body temperatures persist, individuals are at...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=75654
251,783
1,551,213
Applied Mathematics for the Life and Social Sciences (AMLSS) investigates and integrates complex areas of the physical, life and social sciences while preparing a new generation of students in mathematics. The objective of these programs is to develop critical thinking skills and purposeful competencies in mathematics,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15989869
1,550,332
1,656,973
In October 2002, the institute released a study appearing to confirm that the prevalence of autism has risen steeply. The study was led by Robert Byrd, whose team gathered information on 684 children with developmental disabilities from California's Department of Developmental Services regional centers. Byrd's team's r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1765594
1,656,040
400,939
An earthworm's digestive system consists of a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. The mouth is surrounded by strong lips, which act like a hand to grab pieces of dead grass, leaves, and weeds, with bits of soil to help chew. The lips break the food down into smaller pieces. In the pharynx, the food...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=165423
400,740
879,236
This prompted further exploration of the chemical behavior of complexes of dubnium. Various labs jointly conducted thousands of repetitive chromatographic experiments between 1988 and 1993. All group 5 elements and protactinium were extracted from concentrated hydrochloric acid; after mixing with lower concentrations o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8463
878,773
549,463
Since this is a free action by the group formula_40 preserving the metric, this gives a well-defined Lorentzian manifold (everywhere except at the singularity). It identifies the limit formula_41 of the interior region II corresponding to the coordinate line segment formula_42 with the limit formula_43 of the exterior ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2089093
549,175
1,613,370
Gambling provides jobs since all commercial games require labor. Casinos require intensive labor including security guards, technical support staff, gaming staff, among others. In 1996, around 300,000 employees earned a total of US$7.7 billion within the US nation. This number does not include those who are indirectly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25459335
1,612,465
1,917,432
Many structures can be formed using the most common, rapid prototyping technology, soft lithography with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS). PDMS is an inexpensive, clear elastomeric polymer with rubbery mechanical properties at room temperature. In the laboratory, PDMS is mixed in small batches, poured onto moulds, for exampl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29503316
1,916,332
1,211,915
Various theories were proposed to account for binocular rivalry. Porta and Dutour took it as evidence for an ancient theory of visual perception that has come to be known as suppression theory. Its essential idea is that, despite having two eyes, we see only one of everything (known as singleness of vision) because we ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1059183
1,211,263
1,778,268
Hairy marrons begin to mate when they reach sexual maturity during the second and third years of their lives, with their mating season occurring between July and October. During reproduction, the females typically incubate 200-400 eggs inside of them for almost 6 months, although larger females have been known to produ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1727603
1,777,266
2,005,324
MGRI has a membership in the Society of Petroleum Engineers. It is the first chapter that students organized within MGRI. SPE is the largest individual-member organization serving managers, engineers, scientists and other professionals in the upstream segment of the oil and gas industry. SPE is an essential resource fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42556801
2,004,175
662,077
He suggests that the mechanistic explanations of the world that have continued from Laplace to Richard Dawkins should be replaced by an understanding that most of nature is cloud-like rather than clock-like. He regards the mind, soul and body as different aspects of the same underlying reality — "dual aspect monism" — ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50335
661,732
254,111
Bush left Tufts in 1919, although he remained employed by AMRAD, and joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he worked under Dugald C. Jackson. In 1922, he collaborated with fellow MIT professor William H. Timbie on "Principles of Electrical Engineering", an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32767
253,978
305,129
Individualist anarchist Josiah Warren, who was one of the original participants in the New Harmony Society, saw the community as doomed to failure due to a lack of individual sovereignty and private property. In "Periodical Letter II" (1856), he wrote of the community: "It seemed that the difference of opinion, tastes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246185
304,967
1,140,328
It was discovered that a mutation in the ABCA1 protein is responsible for causing Tangier disease by several groups in 1998. Gerd Schmitz's group in Germany and Michael Hayden's group in British Columbia were using standard genetics techniques and DNA from family pedigrees to locate the mutation. Richard Lawn's group a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14087305
1,139,734
21,905
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland, was designed specifically to be able to either confirm or exclude the existence of the Higgs boson. Built in a 27 km tunnel under the ground near Geneva originally inhabited by LEP, it was designed to collide two beams of protons, initially at energies of per beam (7 Te...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20556903
21,896
1,769,272
Another type of phenomenon that is important to analyze in this context is the existence of outliers that represent high values of the variable in a given location surrounded by low values in the neighboring locations. This functionality is available in GeoDa by means of Anselin's Moran scatter plot. Note, however, tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9322583
1,768,278
129,309
University of Waterloo also operates the Earth Sciences Museum, on campus in the Centre for Environmental Information Technology. It is mainly used as an earth-science teaching museum for local schools and natural-science interest groups in southern Ontario. The main exhibits cover the Great Lakes, rocks and minerals, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73276
129,257
1,710,303
An institutional review board (IRB) is a type of committee that reviews human based bio-research. Under 45 C.F.R 46, each IRB that is designated by an institution must be registered with the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). When registering an IRB, the f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17319116
1,709,343
154,464
The XM21 Sniper Weapon System was issued to U.S. Army snipers during the Vietnam War, along with a commercially available sniper scope for day use, and a PVS-2 starlight scope for night operations. These men were trained at Army Division Base Camps; if a unit in country was a Brigade, Battalion, or smaller, and that un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=375761
154,394
69,645
There is no general agreement on how the terms "evidence" and "empirical" are to be defined. Often different fields work with quite different conceptions. In epistemology, evidence is what justifies beliefs or what determines whether holding a certain belief is rational. This is only possible if the evidence is possess...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307139
69,618
1,172,174
For ground coats, the composition of a frit for any given application is determined primarily by the metal used as the substrate: different varieties of steel, and different metals such as aluminium and copper, require different frit compositions to bond to them. For cover coats, the frit is composed to bind to the gro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38402258
1,171,555
1,672,912
Medium class (M-class) projects are relatively stand-alone projects and have a price cap of approximately 500 million euros. The first two M-class missions, the Solar Orbiter heliophysics mission to make close-up observations of the Sun, and the "Euclid" visible to near-infrared space telescope, aimed at studying dark ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60457571
1,671,970
566,086
Accurate and reliable oxygen partial pressure measurement is one of the most problematic factors in rebreather diving safety. Control systems using this data have developed to the extent that they are robust and reliable, and the use of an independent backup improves the reliability to about as good as for any other co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62138749
565,796
1,358,769
"Evergreening" refers to the various strategies whereby owners (innovators/sponsors) of pharmaceutical products use patent laws and minor drug modifications to extend their monopoly privileges on the drug. An enantiomer patent is another form of evergreening based on a chiral switch strategy. Single-enantiomer drugs re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67685890
1,358,019
2,076,333
The next avant-garde to emerge was futurism, a movement of Italian origin that exalted the values of the technical and industrial progress of the 20th century and emphasized aspects of reality such as movement, speed and the simultaneity of action. Its main representatives, Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72166508
2,075,134
1,317,096
Something else that caused tension within and surrounding the ERO was Harry H. Laughlin's radical policy suggestions. He was known for presenting fraudulent evidence to support policies of forced sterilization and was known for dogmatism. For instance, after being appointed to House committee for immigration, Harry H. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1088625
1,316,371
1,681,738
Martin continued, "One element of the story that caused some controversy was the portrayal of Lieutenant Hawk, who was first seen in the movie "", as being involved in a same-sex relationship." Mangels also said, "A basic tenet of "Star Trek" is 'Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations,' and I found it frustrating ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23085082
1,680,795
836,171
The United States 9/11 Commission said that nuclear power plants were potential targets originally considered for the September 11, 2001 attacks. If terrorist groups could sufficiently damage safety systems to cause a core meltdown at a nuclear power plant and/or sufficiently damage spent fuel pools, such an attack cou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14163295
835,722
756,791
Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. In the neuromuscular system nerves from the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are linked and work together with muscles. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action poten...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=681908
756,388
1,226,946
Initial Vigilance Taxonomy studies relied on assumptions regarding the mental workload associated with discrimination tasks, rather than a direct quantification of that workload. Successive discriminations, for example, were assumed to impose a greater workload than simultaneous discriminations. Beginning in the late 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27120661
1,226,285
685,546
Again, several fine forts were produced, but generally projects went unfinished, and between the First System and Second System little was prepared to resist the British in the coming War of 1812. However, no First System or Second System fortress was captured by the British. The British succeeded in entering Chesapeak...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13422946
685,189
949,040
The Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) is an environment, typically a small room located in a larger outer room, in which a user is surrounded by projected displays around them, above them, and below them. 3D glasses and surround sound complement the projections to provide the user with a sense of perspective th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=877295
948,536
788,951
The launch day of 20 July 1999, coincided with the thirtieth anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing mission, so former astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins were at KSC to watch the launch. Observers also included Hillary Clinton and the United States women's national soccer team, who had recent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=336966
788,527
95,449
The habitat of a species describes the environment over which a species is known to occur and the type of community that is formed as a result. More specifically, "habitats can be defined as regions in environmental space that are composed of multiple dimensions, each representing a biotic or abiotic environmental vari...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9630
95,408
1,781,246
The possibility of gender differences in experiences of pain has led to a discrepancy in treating female patients' pain over that of male patients. The phenomenon may affect physical diagnosis. Women are more likely to be given a diagnosis of psychosomatic nature for a physical ailment than men, despite presenting with...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32780718
1,780,242
592,182
Although GOES-3 ceased to be used for weather operations in 1989, it spent over 20 years as a critical part of communications between the U.S. and Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station before being decommissioned in 2016. Geostationary satellites expend fuel to keep themselves stationary over the equator, and thus cannot n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=82915
591,880
408,757
"Campylobacter" can cause a gastrointestinal infection, campylobacteriosis. The incubation period is 24–72 hours after infection. This is characterized by an inflammatory, sometimes bloody diarrhea or dysentery syndrome, mostly including cramps, fever, and pain. The most common routes of transmission are fecal-oral, in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63587
408,556
402,707
Feynman, and earlier Stueckelberg, proposed an interpretation of the positron as an electron moving backward in time, reinterpreting the negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation. Electrons moving backward in time would have a positive electric charge. Wheeler invoked this concept to explain the identical propert...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24731
402,507
1,684,611
In the same year, however, Pierre-Paul Grassé coined the term "overprinting" to describe the emergence of genes through the expression of alternative open reading frames (ORFs) that overlap preexisting genes. These new ORFs may be out of frame with or antisense to the preexisting gene. They may also be in frame with th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60852153
1,683,666
2,100,061
The "Osmundastrum pulchellum" holotype is a calcified rhizome fragment about 6 cm long and up to 4 cm in diameter that probably come from a small (approx. 50 cm tall) fern. It is composed of a small central stem surrounded by a compact mantle of helically arranged petiole bases and interspersed rootlets that extend out...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66861619
2,098,853
1,411,791
LTB4, 5-HETE, and 5-oxoETE may contribute to the innate immune response as leukocyte chemotactic factors, i.e. they recruit and further activate circulating blood neutrophils and monocytes to sites of microbial invasion, tissue injury, and foreign bodies. When produced in excess, however, they may contribute to a wide ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10995185
1,410,996
10,450
Warfare was prevalent in the Maya world. Military campaigns were launched for a variety of reasons, including the control of trade routes and tribute, raids to take captives, scaling up to the complete destruction of an enemy state. Little is known about Maya military organization, logistics, or training. Warfare is de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18449273
10,445
1,890,760
Stoney left the hospital at the start of the war. Stoney had 13 years of experience in her field when World War I broke out in August 1914. Stoney and her sister Edith, a medical physicist, volunteered to assist the British Red Cross, but both were refused by surgeon Frederick Treves since they were women. Despite the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43034967
1,889,677
335,439
In 2003, Los Angeles director Brad Mays and the ARK Theatre Company staged a multi-media adaptation of "A Clockwork Orange", which was named "Pick of the Week" by the "LA Weekly" and nominated for three of the 2004 LA Weekly Theater Awards: Direction, Revival Production (of a 20th-century work), and Leading Female Perf...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=843
335,261
273,967
Following the basic premises of continuum mechanics, stress is a macroscopic concept. Namely, the particles considered in its definition and analysis should be just small enough to be treated as homogeneous in composition and state, but still large enough to ignore quantum effects and the detailed motions of molecules....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=228107
273,819
1,434,552
The third component of tissue engineering is a scaffold. Scaffolds play a major role in regulating stem cell differentiation by local release of growth factors, or by the signaling cascade that is triggered when stem cells bind to the extracellular matrix and to each other. Scaffolds may be endogenous, such as collagen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41653019
1,433,748
724,431
A roadmap for the development of MNT is an objective of a broadly based technology project led by Battelle (the manager of several U.S. National Laboratories) and the Foresight Institute. The roadmap was originally scheduled for completion by late 2006, but was released in January 2008. The Nanofactory Collaboration is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19637
724,051
999,456
The factor limiting this process is the amount of energy that is released through fusion, which is dependent on the binding energy that holds together these atomic nuclei. Each additional step produces progressively heavier nuclei, which release progressively less energy when fusing. In addition, from carbon-burning on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11009033
998,938
289,794
Another critical addition was the use of a power-operated stabilator, also known as the all-moving tail or flying tail, a key to supersonic flight control, which contrasted with traditional hinged tailplanes (horizontal stabilizers) connected mechanically to the pilots control column. Conventional control surfaces beca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=166072
289,637
158,163
Portable rack cases using a rotary-molded polyethylene outer shell are a lower-cost alternative to the more durable ATA-approved case. These cases are marketed to musicians and entertainers for equipment not subject to frequent transportation and rough handling. The polyethylene shell is not fiberglass reinforced and i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35836
158,082
1,603,381
Tissue nanotransfection uses custom fabricated nanochannel arrays for nanoscale delivery of genetic cargo directly onto the surface of the skin. The postage stamp-sized chip is placed directly on the skin and an electric current is induced lasting for milliseconds to deliver the gene cargo with precise control. This ap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55008417
1,602,480
301,695
The pars compacta is heavily involved in learned responses to stimuli. In primates, dopaminergic neuron activity increases in the nigrostriatal pathway when a new stimulus is presented. Dopaminergic activity decreases with repeated stimulus presentation. However, behaviorally significant stimulus presentation (i.e. rew...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46425
301,534
333,227
The first, or anterior, of the five pairs of leg-like appendages are not "actual" legs, but pedipalps, and they have only five segments each. The pedipalps of the Solifugae function partly as sense organs similar to insects' antennae, and partly in locomotion, feeding, and fighting. In normal locomotion, they do not qu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=520635
333,049
430,146
In his work with vacuum tubes, Philo Farnsworth observed that electric charge would accumulate in regions of the tube. Today, this effect is known as the multipactor effect. Farnsworth reasoned that if ions were concentrated high enough they could collide and fuse. In 1962, he filed a patent on a design using a positiv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=368319
429,934
552,973
A 2006 comparative analysis of D211 and D2600 by palaeoanthropologists Matthew M. Skinner, Adam D. Gordon and Nicole J. Collard found that the degree of dimorphism expressed between the two mandibles was greater than expected in modern great apes and human, as well as in other extinct hominin species. They suggested tw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60072585
552,684
1,127,459
Open Source Ecology (OSE) is a network of farmers, engineers, architects and supporters, whose main goal is the eventual manufacturing of the Global Village Construction Set (GVCS). As described by Open Source Ecology "the GVCS is an open technological platform that allows for the easy fabrication of the 50 types of in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32407015
1,126,882
731,498
Sukhoi attended warrant officer training assigned to the artillery of the Russian Western Front. Sukhoi was in the Russian Army when it collapsed after the October Revolution in 1917, returning to Moscow to find his university was closed. Instead, Sukhoi returned to Gomel to live with his parents and was offered a plac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67286
731,112
265,288
The TIAs give the four teams nine months to complete preliminary design of their rotorcraft, which the Army will then review and authorize the construction of two competing demonstrators to fly in 2017. While there was a potential for an early downselect, the four teams are focused on the 2017 flight demonstrations. Em...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29347958
265,145
1,493,756
Another (agnostic) way to analyze the observed mutational spectra and DNA sequence context of mutations in tumors involves pooling all mutations of different types and contexts from cancer samples into a discrete distribution. If multiple cancer samples are available, their context-dependent mutations can be represente...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7737653
1,492,916
1,529,105
At the age of 18, while working at a summer camp in New Hampshire, Morgan met a bear biologist who invited him to help tranquilize, process and track American black bears at a study site in northern New Hampshire. Afterward, he changed his college focus from graphic design to ecology. At 19, he took a road trip to Nort...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39193813
1,528,241
1,970,814
For the third season in succession, a Red Bull Junior Team-supported Carlin Motorsport driver won the championship title. Following on from the successes of Jaime Alguersuari in 2008 and Daniel Ricciardo in 2009, Frenchman Jean-Éric Vergne won the title with two meetings to spare after taking twelve victories in the fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25256907
1,969,680
1,602,240
Mutations within the "VLDLR" gene lead to a multitude of disorders of varying severities. These disorders are usually associated with cholesterol homeostasis or a disorganization of neuron ordering in the brain due to disruption of the reelin pathway. The most prominent of these diseases are type I lissencephaly, VLDR-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5402846
1,601,339
330,589
Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749) proposed and tested the hypothesis of the conservation of total energy, as distinct from momentum. Inspired by the theories of Gottfried Leibniz, she repeated and publicized an experiment originally devised by Willem 's Gravesande in 1722 in which balls were dropped from different heights...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67088
330,414
2,164,037
The LIMS1 building is an , six-storey, molecular sciences research hub containing 34 laboratories, with research, support and teaching facilities. It is interconnected with the LIMS2 building, an existing adjacent building, allowing co-location of research and support staff. The building's lower levels accommodate unde...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47514404
2,162,801
930,836
During the Middle Ages issues of what is now termed science began to be addressed. There was greater emphasis on combining theory with practice in the Islamic world than there had been in Classical times, and it was common for those studying the sciences to be artisans as well, something that had been "considered an ab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143150
930,345
423,264
The CUNY Graduate Center pioneered the CUNY Academic Commons in 2009 to much praise. The CUNY Academic Commons is an online, academic social network for faculty, staff, and graduate students of the City University of New York (CUNY) system. Designed to foster conversation, collaboration, and connections among the 24 in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=396465
423,057
51,133
In frogs, male territorial behaviour is often observed at breeding locations; calling is both an announcement of ownership of part of this resource and an advertisement call to potential mates. In general, a deeper voice represents a heavier and more powerful individual, and this may be sufficient to prevent intrusion ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=621
51,113
1,753,490
Geothermal activity occurs at Cerro Blanco, and manifests itself on the caldera floor through hot ground, fumaroles, diffuse degassing of , and reportedly hot springs and mud volcanoes; phreatic eruptions may have occurred in the past. Fumaroles release mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour with smaller amounts of hyd...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47812252
1,752,500
1,517,900
Paul Donald MacLean was an American physician and neuroscientist who was born in Phelps, New York, on May 1, 1913, into a Presbyterian minister's family, thus, ultimately becoming a religious man himself. MacLean married Alison Stokes and lived in Mitchellville, Maryland, with their five children Alison, Alexander, Dav...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58785859
1,517,048
1,541,562
Estrogen is a sex-hormone that plays a major role in women's body function. Estrogen also plays a major role in stimulating breast cancer as it binds and activates the estrogen receptor (ER). When the ER is activated it activates other genes that are responsible for multiple actions of the breast cancer. Activated ER h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61933704
1,540,689
889,230
Over the past two decades, CT guided radiofrequency ablation has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgical resection in the care of benign bone tumors, most notably osteoid osteomas. In this technique, which can be performed under conscious sedation, a RF probe is introduced into the tumor nidus through a cann...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=309884
888,761
1,387,773
Studies in mice have found a link between BPA exposure and asthma; a 2010 study on mice has concluded that perinatal exposure to 10 µg/ml of BPA in drinking water enhances allergic sensitization and bronchial inflammation and responsiveness in an animal model of asthma. A study published in JAMA Pediatrics has found th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57552333
1,387,006
974,996
Not all compounds with alternating double and single bonds are aromatic. Cyclooctatetraene, for example, possesses alternating single and double bonds. The molecule typically adopts a "tub" conformation. Because the p orbitals of the molecule do not align themselves well in this non-planar molecule, the π bonds are ess...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237636
974,485
930,881
Attempts to systematize a scientific method were confronted in the mid-18th century by the problem of induction, a positivist logic formulation which, in short, asserts that nothing can be known with certainty except what is actually observed. David Hume took empiricism to the skeptical extreme; among his positions was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143150
930,390
598,591
More recent works further combine this weight-sharing paradigm, with a continuous relaxation of the search space, which enables the use of gradient-based optimization methods. These approaches are generally referred to as differentiable NAS and have proven very efficient in exploring the search space of neural architec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56643213
598,286
98,395
Owing to the rush to complete the film, "The Motion Picture" was never screened before test audiences, something Wise later regretted. The director carried the fresh print of the film to the world premiere, held at the K-B MacArthur Theater in Washington, D.C. Roddenberry, Wise, and the principal cast attended the func...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=277006
98,353
1,971,662
Recently interest in "S. ureae" has increased due to the potential biotechnological applications; however, research has nearly been exclusively focused on the unique outer cell surface layer (S-layer). S-layers are composed of single proteins that form a predictable lattice structure and have potential applications in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43062551
1,970,528
1,568,145
"Westralia" sailed from Japan via Rabaul for Brisbane, due about 17 July 1946, and thereafter Sydney where she was to be converted to coastal passenger service. However, as she was being refitted for a return to civilian service, "Westralia" was taken up again for use as a troop transport between Sydney and Kure for th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3763791
1,567,258
112,957
In aqueous solution, the alkali metal ions form aqua ions of the formula [M(HO)], where "n" is the solvation number. Their coordination numbers and shapes agree well with those expected from their ionic radii. In aqueous solution the water molecules directly attached to the metal ion are said to belong to the first coo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=666
112,912
269,038
Psychology is an empirical science and must endeavor to achieve a systematic procedure, examination of results, and criticism of its methodology. Thus self-observation must be trained and is only permissible under strict experimental control; Wundt decisively rejects naive introspection. Wundt provided a standard defin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34128
268,892
2,031,798
In January 1887, Aldis wrote to protest the council allowing a woman to be fired from a cannon (the mayor replied that they did not have powers to stop it, and the performance went ahead). She also questioned a lead article that objected to ladies teaching at Auckland Girls' High School, and advocated for female immigr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66284143
2,030,628
1,398,642
Using an approach based on the protocol outlined by Tachibana et al., hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36315057
1,397,869
2,018,178
2018 was the tenth year. The keynote speaker was Jennifer Ouellette. Katie Mack and Raychelle Burks were part of a NECSS 2018 speakers explored the topic of sexual misconduct in the skeptics community in a panel named "SciComm Meets 'Me Too'". There was a full day of Science-Based Medicine. Talks included David Gorski ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45569283
2,017,015
2,135,732
For this reason, scientists have started research on alternative mechanisms explaining generation of the broadband anti-Stokes white luminescence. One of them assumes formation of RE-CT clusters as a result of multiphoton absorption process. However, many further experimental and theoretical investigations led to modif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66529313
2,134,505
1,958,068
Martin, who trained in ornithology, is currently President (April 2018-August 2020) of the American Ornithological Society. Over three decades, Martin has been a leader in Canada's Conservation Biology research and higher education community, serving on national and international government and society committees. Her ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50962800
1,956,944
526,016
The 3′-UTR also contains sequences that signal additions to be made, either to the transcript itself or to the product of translation. For example, there are two different polyadenylation signals present within the 3′-UTR that signal the addition of the poly(A) tail. These signals initiate the synthesis of the poly(A) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=345919
525,743
2,100,254
The win sent Minnesota Duluth into the Frozen Four for the 4th consecutive season (not counting the cancelled 2020 Tournament) and were joined by two other Minnesota teams. In the national semifinal, UMD faced Massachusetts in a rematch of the 2019 championship. Before the game began, UMD lost the serviced of Fanti due...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67417834
2,099,045