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871,736 | In statistics, econometrics, political science, epidemiology, and related disciplines, a regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design that aims to determine the causal effects of interventions by assigning a cutoff or threshold above or below which an intervention is assigned. B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16722187 | 871,276 |
192,006 | Elon Musk called for some sort of regulation of AI development as early as 2017. According to NPR, the Tesla CEO is "clearly not thrilled" to be advocating for government scrutiny that could impact his own industry, but believes the risks of going completely without oversight are too high: "Normally the way regulations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46583121 | 191,907 |
39,953 | , U-M's financial endowment (the "University Endowment Fund") was valued at $12.4 billion. The endowment is primarily used according to the donors' wishes, which include the support of teaching and research. In mid-2000, U-M embarked on a fund-raising campaign called "The Michigan Difference", which aimed to raise $2.5... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31740 | 39,938 |
349,413 | The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH. The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=470843 | 349,230 |
1,167,545 | In order to pinpoint the position of the relevant arteries, a three-dimensional CT scan is done, which allows accurate visualization of the course of each artery. This is necessary, as the course of the arteries varies from person to person, and even from side to side in the same individual. During surgery, the positio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36984150 | 1,166,927 |
1,758,851 | In 2014 Jacquot "et al." studied the diversification and epidemiology of endemic bacterial pathogens by using the "Borrelia burgdorferi" species complex (the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease) as a model. They also wished to compare the genetic structure between "B. burgdorferi" and the closely related species "B. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16174222 | 1,757,858 |
1,870,762 | Contrasted with Germany and the United States, psychology had a slow birth in the UK. The idea that human behaviour follows repeatable patterns, and that it is possible to discover these patterns or laws by the use of scientific methods, is capable of producing deep passion. In 1877 James Ward proposed that a laborator... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47910237 | 1,869,685 |
1,364,823 | Following a determination by SEMATECH Board of Directors to eliminate matching funds from the U.S. government after 1996, the organization's focus shifted from the U.S. semiconductor industry to the larger international semiconductor industry, abandoning the initial U.S. government-initiative. Its members represent abo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3062544 | 1,364,067 |
2,031,304 | Merritt was born at Indianapolis, Indiana. After a year at Purdue University he transferred to Cornell University where he took a degree in mechanical engineering. After graduation, he stayed at the university to complete a master's degree in physics. In 1889, he was offered a position at Cornell as an instructor, prom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27376276 | 2,030,135 |
1,574,416 | Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of initially 1000 scientists and later with over 1500 entries. Organized chronologically, beginning with Imhotep (entry "[1]") and concluding with Stephen Hawking (entry "[1510]"), each biogr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4446697 | 1,573,527 |
666,873 | Positive Train Control (PTC) and vehicle monitoring system technologies have been developed for the Denver Metro Area's new commuter train lines that began opening in 2016. After the University of Colorado A Line opened on 22 April 2016 between Denver Union Station and Denver International Airport, it experienced a ser... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11562996 | 666,525 |
690,483 | The virtual unwrapping process begins with using a volumetric scan to scan the damaged scroll. These scans are non-invasive, and generate a 3D mapping which differentiates between the ink and the paper. The virtual unwrapping process is independent of which type of volumetric scan is used, which allows scientists to te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32744866 | 690,120 |
1,313,578 | A significant aspect of the aging process is cognitive decline. The dimensions of cognitive decline are partially reversible however, because the brain retains the lifelong capacity for plasticity and reorganization of cortical tissue. Mahncke and colleagues developed a brain plasticity-based training program that indu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7913402 | 1,312,858 |
111,724 | The "D. melanogaster" immune system can be divided into two responses: humoral and cell-mediated. The former is a systemic response mediated in large part through the "toll" and "Imd" pathways, which are parallel systems for detecting microbes. Other pathways including the stress response pathways JAK-STAT and P38, nut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=173204 | 111,679 |
541,023 | α-Granules are unique to platelets and are the most abundant of the platelet granules, numbering 50–80 per platelet 2. These granules measure 200–500 nm in diameter and account for about 10% of platelet volume. They contain mainly proteins, both membrane-associated receptors (for example, αIIbβ3 and P-selectin) and sol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=747128 | 540,743 |
1,410,978 | The beech scale insect, "Cryptococcus fagisuga", is invasive to North America and is host-specific, feeding exclusively on beech trees. It can be observed on the trunk and limbs of the tree as woolly, white tufts that will later develop into broad strips. The woolly, white tufts and broad strips are the colonies of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8523732 | 1,410,185 |
2,018,322 | "The Science of Desire" was criticized by the philosopher Timothy F. Murphy and the gay activist Dennis Altman. Murphy noted that while Hamer's research, if valid, establishes evidence of a generic influence on sexual orientation, the nature of that influence remains to be specified. He noted that Hamer's research, lik... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55800745 | 2,017,159 |
1,075,132 | When light with an appropriate frequency enters the eye, it activates the melanopsin contained in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), triggering an action potential. These neuronal electrical signals travel through neuronal axons to specific brain targets, such as the center of pupillary contr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1110766 | 1,074,578 |
1,479,719 | "Orthrozanclus reburrus" ("Dawn scythe with bristling hair") was discovered in 2006 and formally described in 2007. This animal had a soft, unarmored underside, but the upward-facing surfaces were armored by: a small shell, near the front end; three zones of armor plates, which fitted close to the body and one of which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22547077 | 1,478,885 |
1,510,579 | High-temperature, low-pH (i.e. acidic) environments inhabited by archaea have a low density of cells. Furthermore, the half-life of archaeal viruses in high temperatures is often short, at less than an hour, so some viruses have evolved mechanisms to overcome these challenges. "Acidianus two-tailed virus" (ATV), a bica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64178865 | 1,509,729 |
614,038 | In February 2011, she ran out of air and died after parting company to explore a tight restriction, which necessitated going solo, in the Tank Cave near Tantanoola in the south east of South Australia. In recognition of Milowka's achievements and legacy, The Agnes Milowka Memorial Environmental Science Award has been e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31056026 | 613,726 |
510,100 | Permalloy was initially developed in the early 20th century for inductive compensation of telegraph cables. When the first transatlantic submarine telegraph cables were laid in the 1860s, it was found that the long conductors caused distortion which reduced the maximum signalling speed to only 10–12 words per minute. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=898781 | 509,836 |
526,531 | In the first half of the 18th century botany was beginning to move beyond descriptive science into experimental science. Although the microscope was invented in 1590 it was only in the late 17th century that lens grinding provided the resolution needed to make major discoveries. Antony van Leeuwenhoek is a notable exam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25007304 | 526,258 |
1,220,076 | The philosopher of politics Roger D. Masters reviewed the book for the "American Political Science Review", stating that it was impossible both to review the book and not to do so, given the "attention" it had received. In his view, the book "has the indisputable merit of showing that the existence of complex societies... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1149054 | 1,219,422 |
451,107 | Snowboarding is a sport at the Winter Olympic Games. It was first included in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 199... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4060201 | 450,888 |
1,966,315 | Highly accurate data can be collected by aircraft overflying the terrain in question. In the 1980s, as a prototype for instruments to be flown on the NASA Space Shuttles, NASA operated a synthetic aperture radar on a NASA Convair 990. In 1986, this plane caught fire on takeoff. In 1988, NASA rebuilt a C, L, and P-band ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71515213 | 1,965,186 |
1,339,535 | The idea of a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film was first proven feasible in 1917 when Irving Langmuir (Langmuir, 1917) showed that single water-surface monolayers could be transferred to solid substrates. 18 years later, Katharine Blodgett made an important scientific advance when she discovered that several of these single... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1884175 | 1,338,802 |
828,764 | Otherwise WAS treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications. The greatest mortality risk in WAS before age 30 is from bleeding so aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that may interfere with already compromised platelet function should generally be avoided. Circumcision, as we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1211445 | 828,318 |
685,780 | Core formation utilizes several mechanisms in order to control the movement of metals into the interior of a planetary body. Examples include percolation, diking, diapirism, and the direct delivery of impacts are mechanisms involved in this process. The metal to silicate density difference causes percolation or the mov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=254452 | 685,423 |
982,941 | The Big Bang itself had been proposed in 1931, long before this period, by Georges Lemaître, a Belgian physicist, who suggested that the evident expansion of the Universe in time required that the Universe, if contracted backwards in time, would continue to do so until it could contract no further. This would bring all... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48903 | 982,428 |
1,746,211 | In 1985 Kees Teer retired as director. Philips as a whole took a turn for the worse and by the end of the 1980s bankruptcy seemed a very real possibility. Under research director Kees Bulthuis the position of long-term fundamental research at NatLab came under more and more pressure, especially after Philips introduced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28748742 | 1,745,225 |
1,082,314 | As for systematic bias, like other metrics, altmetrics are prone to self-citation, gaming, and other mechanisms to boost one's apparent impact such as performing in Wikipedia. Altmetrics can be gamed: for example, likes and mentions can be bought. Altmetrics can be more difficult to standardize than citations. One exam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36281866 | 1,081,758 |
1,107,971 | The first experiment to achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion was accomplished using Scylla I at LANL in 1958. Scylla I was a θ-pinch machine, with a cylinder full of deuterium. Electric current shot down the sides of the cylinder. The current made magnetic fields that pinched the plasma, raising temperatures to 15 m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67952883 | 1,107,407 |
1,511,078 | Treatment is the intentional application of a restoration process to an object in need of care by a conservation professional. Reasons for treatments can vary, whether to repair significant damage, to stabilize an object in poor condition, or to prepare an object for exhibition. Whatever the reason it is important to n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50186956 | 1,510,228 |
406,409 | Physical cosmology has achieved a consensus Standard Model (SM), based on extending the local physics governing gravity and the other forces to describe the overall structure of the universe and its evolution. According to the SM, the universe has evolved from an extremely high temperature early state, by expanding, co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38737 | 406,209 |
289,988 | Although they did not contain any microprocessors, but were built around transistor-transistor logic (TTL), Hewlett-Packard calculators as far back as 1968 had various levels of programmability comparable to microcomputers. The HP 9100B (1968) had rudimentary conditional (if) statements, statement line numbers, jump st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48144 | 289,831 |
1,584,157 | After the invention of the wide-field Schmidt camera in the early 1930s, at least four optical designers in early 1940s war-torn Europe came up with the idea of replacing the complicated Schmidt corrector plate with a simpler meniscus lens, including Albert Bouwers, Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov, K. Penning, and Dennis G... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24075522 | 1,583,267 |
1,718,494 | Engineering programs began at UCSD during the 1964 academic year with a broad applied science department in the areas of aerospace engineering, solid mechanics, bioengineering, and materials science. The first chair of the Department of Aeronautical (later Aerospace) and Mechanical Engineering Sciences (AMES), Sol Penn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21600801 | 1,717,524 |
187,340 | The amount of Messinian salts has been estimated as around (but this estimate may be reduced by 50 to 75% when more information becomes available) and more than 1 million cubic kilometres, 50 times the amount of salt normally in the Mediterranean waters. This suggests either a succession of desiccations or a long perio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1870896 | 187,243 |
591,521 | In addition to being named Artist of the Year by the Japanese government (1988) and the recipient of the 25th Suntory Music Award (1993), Midori has won the Avery Fisher Prize (2001), Musical America’s Instrumentalist of the Year award (2002), the Deutscher Schallplattenpreis (2002, 2003), the Kennedy Center Gold Medal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=698233 | 591,219 |
185,267 | Due to the highly toxic health effects of particulate matter, most governments have created regulations both for the emissions allowed from certain types of pollution sources (motor vehicles, industrial emissions etc.) and for the ambient concentration of particulates. The IARC and WHO designate particulates a Group 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30876688 | 185,170 |
169,260 | The earliest fossil evidence of "Homo" in Asia are the aforementioned Dmanisi skulls, which share many traits with "H. ergaster" in Africa, suggesting that "H. ergaster" might have expanded out of Africa as early as 1.7–1.9 million years ago. In addition to "H. ergaster"-like traits, the Dmanisi skulls possess a wide a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276745 | 169,170 |
805,708 | Projection mapping, similar to video mapping and spatial augmented reality, is a projection technique used to turn objects, often irregularly shaped, into display surfaces for video projection. The objects may be complex industrial landscapes, such as buildings, small indoor objects, or theatrical stages. Using special... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34025057 | 805,279 |
90,962 | The Mitsubishi F-2 is a multirole fighter derived from the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, and manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Lockheed Martin for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, with a 60/40 split in manufacturing between Japan and the United States. The basis of the F-2's design is the F-16 A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=313936 | 90,922 |
1,787,877 | The WCD is a non-invasive medical device. It consists of a vest, an electrode belt and a monitor. The vest with the electrode belt is worn under the clothing during the entire day. The WCD should only be removed when taking a shower or bath. The monitor can either be worn around the waist or over a shoulder strap. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24587308 | 1,786,872 |
401,966 | TIGER and DEM datasets greatly facilitated geographic information systems and made the Global Positioning System much more useful by providing context around locations given by the technology as coordinates. Initial applications were mostly professionalized forms such as innovative surveying instruments and agency-leve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70713 | 401,767 |
1,572,333 | Due to the large amount of data processing required by QRA calculations, the usual approach has been to use two-dimensional ellipses to represent hazard zones such as the area around an explosion which poses a 10% chance of fatality. Similarly, a pragmatic approach is used in the simplification of dispersion results. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23094450 | 1,571,445 |
10,208 | In electronics, magnetic-core memory, radar, single-electron transistors, and inertial guidance controls were invented or substantially developed by MIT researchers. Harold Eugene Edgerton was a pioneer in high-speed photography and sonar. Claude E. Shannon developed much of modern information theory and discovered the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18879 | 10,204 |
1,986,260 | Many specialized lasers are also used to align the long train of optics. The current NPOI siderostat array remains the world's only long-baseline (437-meter) optical interferometer that can simultaneously co-phase six elements. NPOI is expected to grow significantly in capability with the pending addition of four 1.8-m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1517197 | 1,985,119 |
954,154 | It has been proposed that properly optimized integrated optical resonators can be exploited for detecting epigenetic modifications (e.g. DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications) in body fluids from patients affected by cancer or other diseases. Photonic biosensors with ultra-sensitivity are nowadays b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=480700 | 953,649 |
1,557,399 | Beta attenuation monitoring (BAM) is a widely used air monitoring technique employing the absorption of beta radiation by solid particles extracted from air flow. This technique allows for the detection of PM and PM, which are monitored by most air pollution regulatory agencies. The main principle is based on a kind of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41420172 | 1,556,514 |
843,083 | Colin Cantwell sketched and built models that eventually became the final X-wing fighter in "Star Wars". The X-wings were designed to appear more "traditional" than the Empire's TIE fighters. ILM built miniatures in various scales, with wing markings indicating which prop represented which pilot. When ILM fell behind o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50801 | 842,633 |
414,710 | "Generalized parton distributions" (GPDs) are a more recent approach to better understand hadron structure by representing the parton distributions as functions of more variables, such as the transverse momentum and spin of the parton. They can be used to study the spin structure of the proton, in particular, the Ji su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3479667 | 414,507 |
1,539,373 | Today's multi-role aerial vehicles possess hard points to enable them to carry the changeable selection of stores necessary carry out a selection of different mission types. Even though different aircraft types may have different numbers of available hard points, the usual count is eight to twelve stations. Since weapo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65784641 | 1,538,500 |
1,774,578 | During the 1900s, Professor Frederick Lindemann and his father created a sensitive photo-electric cell which has the ability to detect light that comes from stars and comets. Other contributions Lindemann had made involved mathematics, where he contributed to the theory of prime numbers. A few years later, Lindemann r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47616060 | 1,773,581 |
206,682 | 16 mm film is used in television, such as for the "Hallmark Hall of Fame" anthology (it has since been produced in 16:9 high definition) and "Friday Night Lights" and "The O.C." as well as "The Walking Dead" in the US. In the UK, the format is exceedingly popular for television series such as "Doc Martin", dramas and c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46224 | 206,575 |
381,015 | It was later proposed by a group of people in the free software movement who were critical of the political agenda and moral philosophy implied in the term "free software" and sought to reframe the discourse to reflect a more commercially minded position. In addition, the ambiguity of the term "free software" was seen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59126142 | 380,820 |
1,909,816 | Specifically, TEM should be used for diagnostic purposes when it: (1) provides useful (complementary) information in the context of a carefully considered differential diagnosis; (2) provides an ‘improved’ diagnosis that results in better treatment strategies and; (3) is time & cost effective in respect to alternative ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20288037 | 1,908,718 |
611,561 | Testing a particular RNA sequence for IRES activity relies on a bicistronic reporter construct. When an IRES segment is located between two reporter open reading frames in a eukaryotic mRNA molecule (a bicistronic mRNA), it can drive translation of the downstream protein coding region independently of the 5'-cap struct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2871940 | 611,250 |
185,986 | In 2013, studies of autologous bone-marrow stem cells on ventricular function were found to contain "hundreds" of discrepancies. Critics report that of 48 reports, just five underlying trials seemed to be used, and that in many cases whether they were randomized or merely observational accepter-versus-rejecter, was con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3853380 | 185,889 |
692,869 | The deposit was originally discovered by Western Mining Corporation in 1975 near Roxby Downs Sheep Station and production officially commenced in 1988. It now belongs to BHP, which acquired WMC Resources in 2005. The mine currently operates by an underground mining method called sublevel open stoping, using modern and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39861217 | 692,506 |
956,673 | The MTJ consists in a SrTiO3 (STO) tunnel barrier that separates half-metallic oxide LSMO and ferromagnetic metal CoCr electrodes. The MTJ's usual two device resistance states, characterized by a parallel or antiparallel alignment of electrode magnetization, are altered by applying an electric field. When the electric ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246162 | 956,168 |
1,236,353 | Around 1976, Philips and Sony showed prototypes of digital audio disc players, which were based on optical videodisc technology. In the interview by Tekla Perry for the IEEE Spectrum, May 2017, Immink explains that he got involved in the CD project at the end of 1979 when Sony and Philips had decided to jointly settle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1556788 | 1,235,689 |
433,735 | By making use of the above two conjectures (which have several evidences of being true), the final proof eventually states that the existence of a classical polynomial-time algorithm for the approximate boson sampling task implies the collapse of the polynomial hierarchy. It is also worth mentioning another fact import... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49287688 | 433,521 |
545,447 | RNases H are widely distributed and occur in all domains of life. The family belongs to a larger superfamily of nuclease enzymes and is considered to be evolutionarily ancient. In prokaryotic genomes, multiple RNase H genes are often present, but there is little correlation between occurrence of HI, HII, and HIII genes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=505422 | 545,161 |
501,430 | Kammhuber started looking for solutions, and the result was the two-prong concept of "Wilde Sau" ("wild boar") and "Zahme Sau" ("tame boar"). In the former, day fighters would be sent up and look for the enemy aircraft from the light of flares dropped from light bombers, searchlights set to a wide beam or illuminating ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=312991 | 501,173 |
161,799 | Leiden University consistently ranks among the best universities in the world by prominent international ranking tables, being placed in the top 50 worldwide in thirteen fields of study in the 2020 QS World University Rankings: classics & ancient history, politics, archaeology, anthropology, history, pharmacology, law,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=86373 | 161,714 |
1,494,053 | Wilderness Emergency Medical Technician (WEMT) is an emergency medical technician that is better equipped than other licensed healthcare providers, who typically function almost exclusively in urban environments, to better stabilize, assess, treat, and protect patients in remote and austere environments until definitiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6306478 | 1,493,212 |
231,389 | In the US, Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDs or RDNs) are health professionals qualified to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice which includes a review of what is eaten, a thorough review of nutritional health, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan through dieting. They also provide preventive and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=93827 | 231,270 |
1,253,753 | "S. pneumoniae" is human pathogenic bacterium in which the process of genetic transformation was first described in the 1930s. In order for a bacterium to take up exogenous DNA from its surroundings, it must become competent. In "S. pneumoniae", a number of complex events must occur to achieve a competent state, but it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14489318 | 1,253,073 |
593,099 | Wave-riding is most common in small Odontocetes. It has also been observed in larger cetaceans such as false killer whales and orca, although most larger Odontocetes do not seek out any form of interaction with boats. Bow-riding is the most common form of interactive behaviour with boats across a variety of smaller Odo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=755842 | 592,795 |
700,335 | High-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers can also be fabricated, either by increasing the emitting aperture size of a single device or by combining several elements into large two-dimensional (2D) arrays. There have been relatively few reported studies on high-power VCSELs. Large-aperture single devices opera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=436714 | 699,970 |
2,035,717 | Two sets of models were run for the IPCC, consisting of very similar ocean circulations but different methodology for solving the equations of motion. The result is that the models have very different wind stresses over the Southern Ocean, with the CM2.0 exhibiting the common bias of winds that are shifted equatorward ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9180013 | 2,034,544 |
298,139 | Founded by Jean Piaget, constructivism emphasizes the importance of the active involvement of learners in constructing knowledge for themselves. Students are thought to use background knowledge and concepts to assist them in their acquisition of novel information. On approaching such new information, the learner faces ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17994 | 297,979 |
907,488 | Although not true catalysts, the creation of artificial self-cleaving riboswitches, termed aptazymes, has also been an active area of research. Riboswitches are regulatory RNA motifs that change their structure in response to a small molecule ligand to regulate translation. While there are many known natural riboswitch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237132 | 907,010 |
131,694 | There have been a few instances of general population poisoning as the result of long-term exposure to cadmium in contaminated food and water. Research into an estrogen mimicry that may induce breast cancer is ongoing. In the decades leading up to World War II, mining operations contaminated the Jinzū River in Japan wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5672 | 131,642 |
1,648,069 | The second library was built in 1937 on Chestnut Street and Avenue B, facing west. When the building opened, it contained 72,000 volumes, a broadcasting studio and a small auditorium. The building also housed a bindery, art department and classrooms. The building was expanded in 1952 and 1958. In 1961, the auditorium w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25147374 | 1,647,137 |
827,364 | Scientists have recognized two classes of geological feature on Oberon: craters and chasmata ('canyons'—deep, elongated, steep-sided depressions which would probably be described as rift valleys or escarpments if on Earth). Oberon's surface is the most heavily cratered of all the Uranian moons, with a crater density ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66781 | 826,920 |
334,283 | At the undergraduate level, all students must fulfill a number of general education requirements as part of the Making Connections curriculum, which was introduced in 2006. English, social science, history, foreign language, mathematics, and natural science courses are required of all students, ensuring that they recei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=89510 | 334,105 |
543,431 | Books about culture and ecology began to emerge in the 1950s and 1960s. One of the first to be published in the United Kingdom was "The Human Species" by a zoologist, Anthony Barnett. It came out in 1950-subtitled "The biology of man" but was about a much narrower subset of topics. It dealt with the cultural bearing of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=323912 | 543,151 |
309,233 | In 1936, at the age of 11, Mandelbrot and his family emigrated from Warsaw, Poland, to France. After World War II ended, Mandelbrot studied mathematics, graduating from universities in Paris and in the United States and receiving a master's degree in aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology. He spent mos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3999 | 309,068 |
209,654 | In the 1950s, Ernst Mayr had entered the field of anthropology, and, surveying a "bewildering diversity of names," decided to subsume human fossils into three species of "Homo": ""H. transvaalensis"" (the australopithecines), "H. erectus" (including ""Sinanthropus"", ""Pithecanthropus"", and various other putative Asia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=253340 | 209,547 |
1,916,631 | Reviewer Darren Glass writes that different parts of the book are aimed at different audiences, resulting in "a wonderful book which can be appreciated on many levels" and providing an unusual level of depth for a popular mathematics book. Its first section, on symmetries of low-dimensional Euclidean spaces, is suitabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69062204 | 1,915,532 |
832,395 | To have precise exceptions, the proper in-order state of the program's execution must be available upon an exception. By 1985 various approaches were developed as described by James E. Smith and Andrew R. Pleszkun. The CDC Cyber 205 was a precursor, as upon a virtual memory interrupt the entire state of the processor (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1002307 | 831,946 |
1,790,337 | MA/MH technology is achieved by combining proprietary blends of polymers to obtain the desired MVTR and then manipulating the oxygen () and carbon dioxide () transmission rates of the polymer by laser and/or mechanical microperforations. The result is a film which is tailored to provide the optimum modified atmosphere ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22221728 | 1,789,331 |
1,619,887 | The genetic relationships within aphid colonies help explain the evolution of the altruistic soldier hierarchy of "P. spyrothecae". More specifically, with the utilization of field trapping and microsatellites, the researchers were able to examine the degree of clonal mixing in the colony. Clonal mixing is defined as t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37122703 | 1,618,972 |
687,893 | Technology transfer offices have been established by universities to foster the transformation of university basic or applied research with a commercial value into commercial goods. One of the aims of TTOs is to create some revenues for the university, thus enhancing its role as an economic actor. However, the average ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55380112 | 687,535 |
72,926 | Psychology had been a central interest of Leibniz. He appears to be an "underappreciated pioneer of psychology" He wrote on topics which are now regarded as fields of psychology: attention and consciousness, memory, learning (association), motivation (the act of "striving"), emergent individuality, the general dynamics... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12281 | 72,899 |
718,997 | Inflammasome activation is initiated by different kinds of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that respond to either microbe-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated by the host cell. Pattern recognition receptors involved in inflammaso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19303923 | 718,617 |
920,844 | Reviewers praised the new options and features. "GameSpot"s Dekker wrote that "The Last of Us PartI" "sets a new standard for accessibility in games". "Siliconera"s Tolentino called it one of the most accessible games, and "Ars Technica"s Machkovech found its options more robust than any other. "The A.V. Club"s Hughes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57786602 | 920,358 |
5,916 | In 1993, Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short broke ties with FIDE to organize their own match for the title and formed a competing Professional Chess Association (PCA). From then until 2006, there were two simultaneous World Championships and respective World Champions: the PCA or "classical" champions extending the Steinit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5134 | 5,913 |
922,677 | This technique does not require the use of a solid porogen like SCPL. First, a synthetic polymer is dissolved into a suitable solvent (e.g. polylactic acid in dichloromethane) then water is added to the polymeric solution and the two liquids are mixed in order to obtain an emulsion. Before the two phases can separate, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=307065 | 922,191 |
1,985,292 | Another medley double happened for the sixth straight time, as Hungary's Katinka Hosszú pulled away from the field to collect her third individual Olympic gold at these Games. Leading from the start, she threw down a gold-medal time in 2:06.58 to establish a new Olympic record, and to hold off a charging Great Britain'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45186845 | 1,984,153 |
1,310,928 | The dictionary is written from an in-universe perspective. After a brief introduction about the Klingon culture and also how the book has been written, the pronunciation of the Klingon letters is described. Instead of using phonetic symbols, the letters of the Latin alphabet are used, some of them written in upper case... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1479654 | 1,310,210 |
1,263,893 | Gas chromatography (GC) in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is capable of separating isomeric compounds. Although GC has been successfully coupled to PTR-MS in the past, this approach annihilates the real-time capability of the PTR-MS technology, because a single GC analysis run typically takes between 30 min... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18730256 | 1,263,205 |
1,972,053 | When Fraser made his next visit to the Romanov court in 1805 expecting remuneration, to his great disappointment he discovered that the new Emperor would have nothing to do with him. Undaunted, he repeated the trip, visiting both Moscow and Saint Petersburg, but in vain. After the Emperor Paul I's assassination in Marc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14920367 | 1,970,919 |
824,120 | Skate skiing was introduced to competition in the 20th Century. At the first German ski championship, held at the Feldberg in the Black Forest in 1900, the Norwegian Bjarne Nilssen won the 23 km cross-country race and was observed using a skating motion while skiing—a technique unknown to the spectators. Johan Grøttums... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44298710 | 823,677 |
933,409 | The Josef Albers papers, documents from 1929 to 1970, were donated by the artist to the Smithsonian Institution's Archives of American Art in 1969 and 1970. In 1971 (nearly five years before his death), Albers founded the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation, a nonprofit organization he hoped would further "the revelation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=335390 | 932,917 |
415,970 | In the 2010s, self-driving shuttle became able to run in mixed traffic without the need for embedded guidance markers. So far the focus has been on low speed, , with short, fixed routes for the "last mile" of journeys. This means issues of collision avoidance and safety are significantly less challenging than those for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5071866 | 415,767 |
679,303 | Maury was in the West Indies on his way back to the Confederacy when he learned of its collapse. The war had brought ruin to many in Fredericksburg, where Maury's immediate family lived. On the advice of Robert E. Lee and other friends, he decided not to return to Virginia, but sent a letter of his surrender to Union n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=362089 | 678,949 |
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