doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
1,453,763
This method has proven to be extremely popular; antistatic coatings are prepared on a commercial scale using ferric chloride. In addition to ferric chloride, other oxidizing agents have been reported. Slow addition of ferric chloride to the monomer solution produced poly(3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene)s with approximately ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=733204
1,452,946
1,903,022
The members of the Mysida and the Lophogastrida have several common features: they are shrimp-like with compound stalked eyes and have a carapace which covers most of the thorax but does not fuse with the last four thoracic segments (as instead is seen in the Eucarida), they possess well-developed thoracopods (for swim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29724621
1,901,930
165,151
At ISDC-San Diego 2013, Kepler Energy and Space Engineering (KESE, llc) also announced it was going to mine asteroids, using a simpler, more straightforward approach: KESE plans to use almost exclusively existing guidance, navigation and anchoring technologies from mostly successful missions like the Rosetta/Philae, Da...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1667490
165,066
4,386
All non-avian dinosaurs and most lineages of birds became extinct in a mass extinction event, called the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event, at the end of the Cretaceous period. Above the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, which has been dated to 66.038 ± 0.025 million years ago, fossils of non-avian dinosaurs di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8311
4,384
379,844
B-24 Liberators, PBY Catalinas and other bomber aircraft took part in localized mining operations in the Southwest Pacific and the China Burma India (CBI) theaters, beginning with a successful attack on the Yangon River in February 1943. Aerial minelaying operations involved a coalition of British, Australian and Ameri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22102
379,649
110,069
Based on the presumption that tetrodotoxin is not always fatal, but at near-lethal doses can leave a person extremely unwell with the person remaining conscious, tetrodotoxin has been alleged to result in zombieism, and has been suggested as an ingredient in Haitian Vodou preparations. This idea first appeared in the 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=238839
110,024
933,021
Leslie Groves visited Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory in late 1942 as he was organizing the Manhattan Project, meeting J. Robert Oppenheimer for the first time. Oppenheimer was tasked with organizing the nuclear bomb development effort and founded today's Los Alamos National Laboratory to help keep the work secret. At ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62214
932,529
1,826,778
Odyssey became the template for subsequent GIS software, cited as an inspiration by numerous commercial efforts in mapping and architecture, such as M&S Computing (later Intergraph), Computervision, and Geodat. The Laboratory was an enormous influence on the commercial Environmental Systems Research Institute, Esri, fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47557282
1,825,739
1,445,163
Animations may lack educational effectiveness if target learners can't process the presented information adequately. For example, it seems that when the subject matter is complex, learners may be overwhelmed by animated presentations. This is related to the role of visual perception and cognition in human information p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2853240
1,444,347
590,188
The coalition filed their first legislative action in South Dakota in January 2014 as SB.136 (Latterell). Four states followed in 2015 - New York (S.3998 Boyle/A.6068 Morelle), Minnesota (SF 873 Osmek/ HF 1048 Hertaus), Massachusetts (H.3383 Cronin/S. Kennedy), and Nebraska (LB 1072 Haar). Tennessee (SB888/H1382 Jernig...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68312817
589,886
1,506,433
Practical instruction came in the form of "field problems," initiated in the classroom, then demonstrated and practiced in the practical flying course. Annual inspection trips were also undertaken until 1930 to the Engineering Division at McCook and Wright Fields in Dayton, Ohio, when trips began to the Infantry School...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7705538
1,505,587
607,781
Position light signals use rows of diameter lamps to simulate the positions of an upper quadrant semaphore blade. Position lights were developed by A.H. Rudd, Superintendent of Signalling of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). They were introduced in 1915 as a replacement for semaphore signals on the Main Line between Pao...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14849714
607,470
1,915,399
Operation Phakisa is a South African government initiative intended to accelerate the implementation of solutions on critical development issues identified in the National Development Plan (NDP) 2030. "Phakisa" means "hurry up" in Sesotho and is intended to indicate urgency. The intention is to produce clear targets an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59704826
1,914,300
1,175,240
In an evacuated tube solar hot water heater with an indirect circulation system, evacuated tubes contain a glass outer tube and metal absorber tube attached to a fin. Solar thermal energy is absorbed within the evacuated tubes and is converted into usable concentrated heat. Copper heat pipes transfer thermal energy fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37904380
1,174,618
557,320
By labeling a cell that gives rise to neurons, such as a neural stem cells or neural precursor cells, one can track the creation, proliferation, and even migration of newly created neurons. It is important to note, however, that while the plasmid is stable for long periods of time, its protein products may have highly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=740746
557,031
1,319,812
Seifermann and Epe noted that the highly selective induction of 8-oxo-dG in the promoter sequences observed in transcription induction may be difficult to explain as a consequence of general oxidative stress. However, there appears to be a mechanism for site-directed generation of oxidized bases in promoter regions. Pe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4788141
1,319,086
919,804
Therapies that target the autoimmune response are also used. Intravenous immunoglobin is the best second-line treatment for SPS. It often decreases stiffness and improves quality of life and startle reflex. It is generally safe, but there are possible serious side effects and it is expensive. The European Federation of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574140
919,318
744,084
New vendors introduced small supercomputers, known as minisupercomputers (as opposed to superminis) during the late 1980s and early 1990s, which out-competed low-end Cray machines in the market. The Convex Computer series, as well as a number of small-scale parallel machines from companies like Pyramid Technology and A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=217315
743,690
1,986,951
The endurance event is similar to the autocross track, except that it is closed loop and more spacious. As with the auto-x event, the course is marked with traffic cones; hitting a cone incurs a 2 sec penalty and a failure to follow the course incurs a 20 sec penalty. The Formula Hybrid cars are stipulated to drive a t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11045981
1,985,809
413,362
Successful BFM requires geometry as much as it does skill and stamina. Pilots must know their aircraft's corner speed, as well as optimum angles of bank (AOB) and angles of attack (AOA), without consciously thinking about them. At the same time, pilots must remain conscious of the angle between the opponent's velocity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2375883
413,160
364,430
"Polygon"'s Arthur Gies remarked positively upon the exploration for collectables and secrets, and their relevance to the new upgrade feature, but he was critical of instances where the game would lock away sections of a level without warning. Zack Furniss of "Destructoid" was originally skeptical regarding the "glory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12915762
364,240
384,145
After a claimed investment by Virgin Group of , in 2010 the sovereign wealth fund of Abu Dhabi, Aabar Investments group, acquired a 31.8% stake in Virgin Galactic for , receiving exclusive regional rights to launch tourism and scientific research space flights from the United Arab Emirates capital. In July 2011, Aabar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1021879
383,950
1,625,113
Optimization is an important step in the life cycle of a wireless network. Drive testing is the first step in the process, with the goal of collecting measurement data as a function of location. Once the data has been collected over the desired RF coverage area, it is output to post-processing software. Engineers can u...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30580568
1,624,197
938,826
Stadler has been criticised for its business activities in Belarus, where it has a large manufacturing facility in Fanipaĺ. During the disputed 2020 Belarusian presidential elections with subsequent protests, and amid the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the company came under pressure to reduce its exposure in those ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4546423
938,325
1,713,339
The history of numerical weather prediction considers how current weather conditions as input into mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather and future sea state (the process of numerical weather prediction) has changed over the years. Though first attempted manually in the 1920s, it was n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30890995
1,712,373
863,859
Bacteria have been referred to as one of the most obstinate in this list to control. Techniques that help to minimize bacterial colony growth within UPW streams include occasional chemical or steam sanitization (which is common in the pharmaceutical industry), ultrafiltration (found in some pharmaceutical, but mostly s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31050418
863,399
1,129,364
Similar to some other military run universities like the École Polytechnique the university only offers civilian study courses. The contents generally have no relation to the military and correspond to courses at regular German universities. Bachelor´s and Master´s studies in total consist of 400 ECTS credit points. Du...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13695991
1,128,786
2,048,513
The Environment Agency has a key role to play in the imposition of the scheme. It is responsible for collecting data regarding participating companies’ emissions which it then ranks in a league table “based on participant's changes in energy use against a baseline and not their total emissions” with the hope that carbo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34078852
2,047,332
813,075
CB receptors are expressed throughout the basal ganglia and have well-established effects on movement in rodents. As in the hippocampus, these receptors inhibit the release of glutamate or GABA transmitter, resulting in decreased excitation or reduced inhibition based on the cell they are expressed in. Consistent with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14438348
812,642
2,156,340
Graduate students pursue their degree in a discipline offered through one of the science, agriculture, or engineering departments at Montana State University while they conduct their research in CBE laboratories. Student graduate committees are typically interdisciplinary. The student and graduate committee members sel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45523355
2,155,109
115,904
Paleontologists generally use approaches based on cladistics, a technique for working out the evolutionary "family tree" of a set of organisms. It works by the logic that, if groups B and C have more similarities to each other than either has to group A, then B and C are more closely related to each other than either i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23084
115,859
1,920,474
In the Okavango Delta, "M. michaelseni" is considered to be an ecosystem engineer. A mature colony may contain over a million termites including nymphs, workers and soldiers. Material is collected from a radius of fifty metres or more around the nest and brought to a central location where nutrients are thus concentrat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43154715
1,919,371
1,824,665
AEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy), AD-6, is an experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator facility at CERN. Its primary goal is to measure directly the effect of Earth's gravitational field on antihydrogen atoms with significant precision. Indirect bounds that assume the validity of, fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50841676
1,823,627
1,113,526
Unable to continue his education, Christopher joined Standard Telephones and Cables (STC) as a research physicist. His first job was providing mathematical analysis for the design of electron tubes used in radar. The complexity of the calculations required the use of a differential analyser. This initial experience wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=932784
1,112,960
779,229
Millikan and Fletcher's experiment involved measuring the force on oil droplets in a glass chamber sandwiched between two electrodes, one above and one below. With the electrical field calculated, they could measure the droplet's charge, the charge on a single electron being (). At the time of Millikan and Fletcher's o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=187344
778,812
1,666,499
Saprotrophic bacterial growth rate is very sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, making it a good variable to detect rapid and subtle changes in microbial communities. Growth rates are also used to measure interactions between bacteria and fungi, with research suggesting bacterial inhibition of fungal growt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66837646
1,665,560
137,364
The original Sea Sparrow was an expedient design intended to provide short-range defensive fire in a system that could be deployed as rapidly as possible. The AIM-7 Sparrow was the simplest solution as its radar guidance allowed it to be fired head-on at targets and this guidance was easily provided by mounting an airc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1040886
137,308
565,476
In his book "Whither Socialism?", Joseph Stiglitz criticized models of market socialism from the era of the socialist calculation debate in the 1930s as part of a more general criticism of neoclassical general equilibrium theory, proposing that market models be augmented with insights from information economics. Alec N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44379754
565,186
1,924,171
NS1 is considered a regulatory protein due to its activity in transcription, translation, and protein-protein interactions, which allows the parvovirus to replicate unhindered. However, scientists are primarily interested in utilizing its cytolytic activity since this has been proven to be active in cancerous cells. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34556489
1,923,068
343,265
The Skylab 4 crew left a bag filled with supplies to welcome visitors, and left the hatch unlocked. Skylab's internal systems were evaluated and tested from the ground, and effort was put into plans for re-using it, as late as 1978. NASA discouraged any discussion of additional visits due to the station's age, but in 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29441
343,084
1,781,897
The larvae of all conopids are internal parasites, most of aculeate (stinging) Hymenoptera. Adult females aggressively intercept their hosts in flight to deposit eggs. Accordingly, in the species "Bombus terrestris", it has been shown that vulnerable foraging bees are likely the most susceptible to parasitism by conopi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1977235
1,780,893
2,118,550
PIMT tends to act on proteins that have been non-enzymatically damaged due to age. By performing this repair mechanism, the enzyme helps to maintain overall protein integrity. This mechanism has been observed by several groups, and has been confirmed through experimental testing. In one report, PIMT was inhibited by ad...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10900812
2,117,332
978,609
Versions of baseball rules and descriptions of similar games have been found in publications that significantly predate his alleged invention in 1839. Despite this, the ballpark built in 1939 only a few blocks down from the Hall of Fame still bears the name "Doubleday Field". However, aside from the artificial intrusio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=602676
978,098
1,738,001
In 1925 Correns took up a job as an industrial chemist at I.G. Farben in Elberfeld and in 1931 became head of the acetyl cellulose plant in Elberfeld. In 1933 he was appointed head of the copper and artificial silk factory in Dormagen. From 1937 he was in charge of the establishment of Zellwolle- und Kunstseide GmbH in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68827248
1,737,024
22,588
During late 1956, the United States Department of the Army announced its intention to replace the Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave, which was powered by piston engines, with a new, gas turbine-powered helicopter. Turbine engines were also a key design feature of the smaller UH-1 "Huey" utility helicopter. Following a design compe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38005
22,579
1,880,981
With Mark Pope coming as the new head coach to BYU from Utah Valley University (UVU), three players from the UVU basketball team decided to follow Pope and transfer to BYU. First, on April 23, it was announced that Jake Toolson, the 2018-19 Western Athletic Conference (WAC) Player of the Year who had previously played ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62232280
1,879,900
1,351,291
System/360's hardware and operating systems were designed for processing batch jobs which in extreme cases might run for hours. As a result, they were unsuitable for transaction processing, in which there are thousands of units of work per day and each takes between 30 seconds and a very few minutes. In 1968 IBM releas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13856089
1,350,545
1,144,443
New Testament professor Joseph Hellerman observes New Testament writers as choosing 'family' as the central social metaphor to describe their community. In doing so, they redefined the concept of family. In both Jewish and Roman tradition, genetic families were generally buried together, but an important cultural shift...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8223762
1,143,842
2,248,617
Entering the Frozen Four, UMass received awful news when several members were placed in COVID protocols due to contact tracing. Even worse was the fact that their starting goaltender, Filip Lindberg, was one of the players and would be forced to miss the rematch with defending national champion Minnesota Duluth. Massac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68783722
2,247,345
2,049,315
George Eugene Ball (25 September 1926 – 12 January 2019) was an American entomologist and expert in ground beetles (Carabidae). Born in Detroit, Michigan, he enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II, where he served in the Battle of Okinawa. He earned his B.A. from Cornell University in 1949 and his M.S. f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57435817
2,048,134
830,153
A solar cell must be capable of producing electricity for at least twenty years, without a significant decrease in efficiency (life span). The "black dye" system was subjected to 50 million cycles, the equivalent of ten years' exposure to the sun in Switzerland. No discernible performance decrease was observed. However...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1932063
829,706
905,522
Physicist David Deutsch showed in 1991 that this model of computation could solve NP problems in polynomial time, and Scott Aaronson later extended this result to show that the model could also be used to solve PSPACE problems in polynomial time. Deutsch shows that quantum computation with a negative delay—backwards ti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37183
905,046
2,123,864
There are two main ways that "Vetiveria nigritana" is commonly used in agriculture. Firstly, Vetiver Grass Strips (VGS) is a common form of "Vetiveria nigritana" use, which consists of hedge rowing vetiver grasses around a crop to reduce erosion, while still allowing for the cultivation benefits of spatial rowing. In a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41285139
2,122,644
1,352,763
The S-75 mated an entirely new composite airframe with the twin turboshaft engines, transmission, and main and tail rotors of Sikorsky's S-76A civil transport helicopter. The S-75's floors, roof and most exterior surfaces were of more ballistically-resistant Kevlar, while most of the aircraft's basic load-bearing struc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11718127
1,352,017
305,228
In January 1949, the Republic of China Armed Forces suffered a devastating defeat by the Communist People's Liberation Army at Tientsin. By spring, Chiang Kai-shek, now losing whole divisions by desertion to the Communists, began the removal of remaining forces to Formosa (Taiwan). In August, U.S. aid to the Nationalis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246185
305,065
435,229
Understanding the location of the project, the unique dynamics of the site and the relationship of the project to the living natural systems is a fundamental concept in the regenerative design process. In their article "Designing from place: a regenerative framework and methodology", Pamela Mang and Bill Reed define pl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14967273
435,015
299,796
Power was provided by two 36-volt silver-zinc potassium hydroxide non-rechargeable batteries developed by Eagle-Picher with a charge capacity of 121 A·h each (a total of 242 A·h), yielding a range of . These were used to power the drive and steering motors and also a 36-volt utility outlet mounted on the front of the L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18238
299,635
1,794,664
Detailed American casualties are not available because many of the relevant records were destroyed by fire in 1800. British and Hessian estimates placed the total American losses at around 3,000, and a return prepared by General Howe listed 1,097 prisoners, including Generals John Sullivan, Lord Stirling, and Nathaniel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5682201
1,793,655
1,242,908
As of 2006, the 32,347-student university needed more capital investment just to maintain current infrastructure than any other campus in the UC system, but as its enrollment is at capacity, it often receives less state money for improvement projects than other, growing campuses in the system. As state funding for high...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20486122
1,242,235
924,179
DNA barcoding provides the opportunity to resolve taxa, and directly relate stressor effects to specific taxa such as individual chironomid species. For example, Beermann et al. (2018) DNA barcoded Chironomidae to investigate their response to multiple stressors; reduced flow, increased fine-sediment and increased sali...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30872162
923,693
2,002,800
Its current range area is estimated at 144,003 km. This bumblebee was once common in the Central Valley of California, but is now scarce in that area. The Xerces Society (2019) reports a relative abundance decline of 98% over the last decade; the group has also estimated an 80% decline in the relative persistence of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641280
2,001,652
1,476,551
Most aircraft have fineness ratios significantly greater than this, however. This is often due to the competing need to place the tail control surfaces at the end of a longer moment arm to increase their effectiveness. Reducing the length of the fuselage would require larger controls, which would offset the drag saving...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10832464
1,475,719
38,770
The discovery of nitrogen is attributed to the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it "noxious air". Though he did not recognise it as an entirely different chemical substance, he clearly distinguished it from Joseph Black's "fixed air", or carbon dioxide. The fact that there was a component of air...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21175
38,756
566,087
The standard method for improving reliability of oxygen monitoring has been multiple redundancy – the use of 3 or more sensors – and using the multiple data inputs with a voting logic system to try to identify failure of a sensor in time to make a controlled and safe termination of the dive. Voting logic normally assum...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62138749
565,797
672,082
In the late 1970s these systems became commercialised, notably by systems like the Roland MC-8 Microcomposer, where a microprocessor-based system controls an analog synthesizer, released in 1978. John Chowning's work on FM synthesis from the 1960s to the 1970s allowed much more efficient digital synthesis, eventually l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6974
671,730
1,976,350
Formulating problems as constrained optimization problems over the output of learned models has several advantages. It allows one to focus on the modeling of problems by providing the opportunity to incorporate domain-specific knowledge as global constraints using a first order language. Using this declarative framewor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28255458
1,975,212
1,184,180
It is often claimed that revenues from the sales of The Beatles records in the 1960s helped fund the development of the first CT scanner at EMI although this has recently been disputed. The first production X-ray CT machine (in fact called the "EMI-Scanner") was limited to making tomographic sections of the brain, but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55999605
1,183,553
1,341,361
Not long after the Air Force studies, NASA started studying the post-Project Apollo era. A wide variety of projects were examined, many based on re-using Apollo hardware (Apollo X, Apollo Applications Program, etc.) Flush with the success of the moon landings, a series of ever-more ambitious projects gained currency, a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18952422
1,340,628
304,501
In 1994, after consultation between relevant NSF personnel, LIGO's scientific leaders, and the presidents of MIT and Caltech, Vogt stepped down and Barry Barish (Caltech) was appointed laboratory director, and the NSF made clear that LIGO had one last chance for support. Barish's team created a new study, budget, and p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=81610
304,339
1,023,177
The complete lifecycles of any of the species of "Pneumocystis" are not known, but presumably all resemble the others in the genus. The terminology follows zoological terms, rather than mycological terms, reflecting the initial misdetermination as a protozoan parasite. It is an extracellular fungus. All stages are foun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7167651
1,022,645
2,000,244
Pottery appeared in the Neolithic period once hunters and gatherers transitioned to a sedentary lifestyle, until then they needed to use lightweight, mobile containers. Finely made and decorated Unstan ware, survives from the fourth and third millennia BCE and is named after the Unstan Chambered Cairn on the Mainland o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39243517
1,999,100
812,411
The most important medical problems are difficulties in breathing and feeding. Affected infants very often need assistance with feeding, for example needing to stay in a lateral (on the side) or prone (on the tummy) position which helps bring the tongue forward and opens up the airway. Babies with a cleft palate will n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6013305
811,978
2,006,778
Earth observation systems consist of instruments and models designed to measure, monitor and predict the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the Earth system. Buoys floating in the oceans monitor temperature and salinity; meteorological stations and balloons record air quality and rainwater trends; sonar and r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1594342
2,005,628
1,358,360
The images acquired were relayed to the Earth and received by two command and readout stations established at retired Nike missile sites located near Fairchild Air Force Base in Washington State and Loring Air Force Base in Maine. From these sites, the images were then sent to Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=681542
1,357,610
1,835,584
The book stock of the university's library is more than 500.000 copies (including 250.000 copies of study aids and 270.000 ones of research literature). The university has international connections with higher educational institutions and firms of the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Tu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6015595
1,834,535
519,358
Irish physicist and chemist Robert Boyle in 1656, in coordination with English scientist Robert Hooke, built an air pump. Using this pump, Boyle and Hooke noticed the pressure-volume correlation: P.V=constant. In that time, air was assumed to be a system of motionless particles, and not interpreted as a system of movin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2281782
519,089
932,107
One theory to explain the evolution of traits like a peacock's tail is 'runaway selection'. This requires two traits—a trait that exists, like the bright tail, and a preexisting bias in the female to select for that trait. Females prefer the more elaborate tails, and thus those males are able to mate successfully. Expl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=464447
931,615
651,131
In summer, heat and humidity predominate in the south, while warm and less humid conditions are generally present in the north. These humid conditions initiate thunderstorm activity 30–40 days per year. Summer high temperatures in Minnesota average in the mid-80s F (30 °C) in the south to the upper-70s F (25 °C) in the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7762235
650,789
1,445,480
The gaur population experienced a drastic decline of about 90% between the 1960s and 1990s due to poaching, commercial hunting, shrinking habitat, and the spreading of disease. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, the gaur is a vulnerable species due to its declining population in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50642488
1,444,664
655,763
By minimizing the total energy of the system, an appropriate set of coefficients of the linear combinations is determined. This quantitative approach is now known as the Hartree–Fock method. However, since the development of computational chemistry, the LCAO method often refers not to an actual optimization of the wave...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=405766
655,419
678,941
The initial protected mode, released with the 286, was not widely used; for example, it was used by Coherent (from 1982), Microsoft Xenix (around 1984) and Minix. Several shortcomings such as the inability to access the BIOS or DOS calls due to inability to switch back to real mode without resetting the processor preve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=167596
678,587
167,550
A few weeks after Ulam reached Los Alamos in February 1944, the project experienced a crisis. In April, Emilio Segrè discovered that plutonium made in reactors would not work in a gun-type plutonium weapon like the "Thin Man", which was being developed in parallel with a uranium weapon, the "Little Boy" that was droppe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41531
167,463
267,907
By 1994, Marc Andreessen's Netscape Navigator superseded Mosaic in popularity, holding the position for some time. Bill Gates outlined Microsoft's strategy to dominate the Internet in his Tidal Wave memo in 1995. With the release of Windows 95 and the popular Internet Explorer browser, many publicly companies began to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4192777
267,763
639,394
This is an SDP because the objective function and constraints are all linear functions of vector inner products. Solving the SDP gives a set of unit vectors in formula_96; since the vectors are not required to be collinear, the value of this relaxed program can only be higher than the value of the original quadratic in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4993539
639,055
261,629
In order to maintain the Tornado F3 as an effective platform up to its planned out-of-service date of 2010, the Ministry of Defence initiated the Capability Sustainment Programme (CSP). This £125 million project, announced on 5 March 1996, involved many elements, including the integration of ASRAAM and AIM-120 AMRAAM a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=246711
261,490
1,133,104
From 1995 onward at the Howe-Stephens Quarry in Big Horn County, Wyoming, named after the historic location of the Howe Ranch, once explored by Barnum Brown, and the new owner Press Stephens, Swiss palaeontologist Hans Jacob Siber excavated stegosaur specimens. The first was SMA 3074-FV01 (also SMA M04), a partial skel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1250880
1,132,512
182,285
Such standardization is not limited to the domain of electronic devices like smartphones and phone chargers but could also be applied to e.g. the energy infrastructure. Policy-makers could develop policies "fostering standard design and interfaces, and promoting the re-use of modules and components across plants to dev...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27065
182,189
551,963
This type of suspension is usually described as semi-independent, meaning that the two wheels can move relative to each other, but their motion is still somewhat inter-linked, to a greater extent than in a true independent rear suspension (IRS). This can mildly compromise the handling and ride quality of the vehicle. F...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9284925
551,675
77,423
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was discovered in the U.S. on January 20, 2020. But widespread COVID-19 testing in the United States was effectively stalled until February 28, when federal officials revised a faulty CDC test, and days afterward, when the Food and Drug Administration began loosening rules that had ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6811
77,394
1,691,937
A rare New Year's Day game was played against SEC foe Arkansas, who was ranked just inside the top 25. Tennessee forced 26 turnovers, including 14 steals, en route to an 88–58 victory. This game was followed up with a home match with main rival UConn, who was ranked third in the nation. UConn led the series 4–3, but th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9723138
1,690,986
379,763
A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are deposited and left to wait until they are triggered by the approach of, or contact with, any vessel or a particular vessel type, akin to anti-infantry vs. anti-vehicle mine...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22102
379,568
107,129
Among other microorganisms, a sample of living "S. cerevisiae" was included in the Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment, which would have completed a three-year interplanetary round-trip in a small capsule aboard the Russian Fobos-Grunt spacecraft, launched in late 2011. The goal was to test whether selected organis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237704
107,084
2,103,167
Under an arrangement with the government of India, also negotiated at Sir George's instance, he issued from January 1884 the quarterly "Journal of Indian Art and Industry". A notable work in the same field, edited by Colonel T. H. Hendley, was his "Asian Carpet Designs" (1905) of 150 coloured plates. He was also succes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59632888
2,101,955
1,928,055
Endocerids are characterized by large, generally ventral siphuncles with simple endocones which lack the more complex structures associated with the Proterocameroceratidae and their derivatives. Endocones, nested cone-shaped deposits characteristic of the Endocerida, form in the apical portion of the siphuncle where th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26786255
1,926,951
984,109
Compared to its personal computer contemporaries, the relatively high overall floating-point performance of a Cell processor seemingly dwarfs the abilities of the SIMD unit in CPUs like the Pentium 4 and the Athlon 64. However, comparing only floating-point abilities of a system is a one-dimensional and application-spe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=803950
983,595
2,061,946
A final two vessels of the British C-class submarine design were built completely in Japan by the Kure Naval Arsenal as part of the emergency expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy due to World War I. Although the design was considered obsolete by this time, these vessels were felt necessary to meet the perceived thre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38016285
2,060,756
1,620,762
The first predecessor of the squadron was established as the 20th Aero Squadron in June 1917 at Camp Kelly, Texas. A few days later, due to the aforementioned clerical error, it was redesignated the 25th Aero Squadron. After the United States' entry into World War I, the squadron deployed to Europe aboard RMS "Carmania...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16272646
1,619,847
633,684
Walcott's original summary of the description of "Pikaia" reads:Body elongate, slender, and tapering at each end. It is formed of many segments that are defined by strong annular shiny lines. Head small with two large eyes and two tentacles... Back of the head the first five segments carry short parapodia that appear t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=884809
633,346
2,241,478
The first day of classes was set for October 2, 1876, but only six students enrolled on the first day. Classes were delayed and officially began on October 4 with six faculty members and forty students at the military school. During the first semester, enrollment increased to 48 students and by the end of the 1877 spri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29927
2,240,207
347,992
As of 2022, AGI remains speculative as no such system has yet been demonstrated. Opinions vary both on whether and when artificial general intelligence will arrive, if at all. At one extreme, AI pioneer Herbert A. Simon speculated in 1965 that "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=586357
347,810