doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
986,368
In the United Kingdom the number of Clinical Scientists in a pathology discipline are typically greater, where less medically qualified pathologists train as consultants. Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Immunology and Genomic Medicine are specialities with an abundance of UK Clinical Scientists, and where the role is w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3770891
985,853
1,269,660
Strands of the east-striking Devils Mountain Fault cross the northern tip of Whidbey Island at Dugualla Bay and north side of Ault Field (Whidbey Island Naval Air Station). Just four miles (6 km) south the city of Oak Harbor straddles several stands of the Utsalady Point Fault (UPF) as they head roughly east-southeast ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27651043
1,268,969
82,683
The decision was made on SSC upgrade features to prioritize over-the-horizon surface and ASW capabilities with a greater degree of self-defense, not anti-aircraft or missile defense, which will be left to large surface combatants. Although a 3D radar is included in the designs, a VLS was absent from the hulls, contrary...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=460005
82,649
815,775
Alfred died December 4, 1875, and left Edward with an inheritance of nearly a quarter of a million dollars. Alfred's death was a blow to Cope; his father was a constant confidant. The same year marked a suspension of much of Cope's field work and a new emphasis on writing up discoveries of the previous years. His chief...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=415000
815,341
638,324
1989 – Aguadilla, Puerto Rico – (28 July – 9 August) – There were 54 countries and 281 juniors participating. Living conditions were quite stretched as the organisers were not expecting the players to be accompanied by more than 200 adults. Regrettably, there was a shortage of competent decision-making organisers, but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=295488
637,985
654,734
Beginning in 1900, two basic tripod types were used prior to World War I, when the final and most effective third Hotchkiss tripod model (the Mle 1916) became adopted and widely distributed. A tripod that could be used for both the Hotchkiss and the St. Etienne machine guns was issued in 1915, the so-called "Omnibus Tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1876110
654,390
313,279
In the 1950s and early 1960s, Stockhausen published a series of articles that established his importance in the area of music theory. Although these include analyses of music by Mozart, Debussy, Bartók, Stravinsky, Goeyvaerts, Boulez, Nono, Johannes Fritsch, Michael von Biel, and, especially, Webern, the items on compo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17268
313,111
487,090
Vertebrates become affected by the waters contaminated with TBT, as well as by consuming organisms that have already been poisoned. "Oryzias latipes", commonly called Japanese rice fish, has been used as a model vertebrate organism to test for effects of TBT at developmental stages of the embryo. It was observed that d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4042604
486,840
1,011,324
Be that as it may, an early 21st Century re-examination of these endeavors called into question the validity of the past obtained results claiming to have verified time dilation as predicted by Einstein's relativity theory, whereby novel experimentations were carried out that uncovered an "extra energy shift" between e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1784313
1,010,803
514,550
Halobacteria are halophilic microorganisms that are currently being studied for their uses in scientific research and biotechnology. For instance, genomic sequencing of the "Halobacterium" species NRC-1 revealed their use of eukaryotic-like RNA polymerase II and translational machinery that are related to "Escherichia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2683080
514,284
1,751,344
The Equinox 740 is named after their length, the maximum that clears the dimensions of the locks in the Welland Canal and Saint Lawrence River. Algoma Central began designing the Equinox class in the early 2010s in conjunction with Finnish engineering group Deltamarin. The ships were developed from Deltamarin's B.Delta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56875721
1,750,358
1,243,115
The holographic optical element is closely linked to holography (science of making holograms), a term proposed by Dennis Gabor in 1948. Since the idea of holography came around much has been done over the next few decades to try and create holograms. Around the 1960s, Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk, a graduate student from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32062928
1,242,442
54,442
The 12th G model originally set aside as a P-38J prototype was redesignated P-38K-1-LO and fitted with the aforementioned paddle-blade propellers and new Allison V-1710-75/77 (F15R/L) powerplants rated at at War Emergency Power. These engines were geared 2.36 to 1, unlike the standard P-38 ratio of 2 to 1. The AAF took...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25041
54,419
677,631
In early studies, the risky-shift phenomenon was measured using a scale known as the Choice-Dilemmas Questionnaire. This measure required participants to consider a hypothetical scenario in which an individual is faced with a dilemma and must make a choice to resolve the issue at hand. Participants were then asked to e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=511676
677,277
1,960,054
Like a number of other prominent physicists of the time (including the leading Dutch theoretician H. A. Lorentz) Gehrcke, an experimentalist, was not prepared to give up the concept of the luminiferous aether, and for this and various other reasons had been highly critical of Einstein's theories of relativity at least ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1928503
1,958,927
1,829,748
The facility design is based on modular and expandable spaces that can be adapted for computing system upgrades. Its sustainable design makes it 89% more efficient than a typical data center and up to 10% more efficient than state-of-the-art data centers operating in 2010. Almost 92% of the energy it uses goes directly...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40305469
1,828,707
2,179,781
Illinois was set to begin their season on December 8 against the London Athletic Club and ended up played the game on the same day as the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Due to the outbreak of the war, the status for most players was up in the air. Starr Owen and Gil Priestly enlisted in the army, but were given special permi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67612886
2,178,536
1,010,434
The establishment and application of PBL in teaching and training started as early as in the 1960s. As instructional technology developed over time coupled with the emergence of the internet in the mid-1990s, online education became popular gaining huge attention from organizations and institutions. However, the use of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=362386
1,009,913
687,262
In the broad field of mathematics, Shen Kuo mastered many practical mathematical problems, including many complex formulas for geometry, circle packing, and chords and arcs problems employing trigonometry. Shen addressed problems of writing out very large numbers, as large as (10). Shen's "technique of small increments...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1102000
686,905
1,271,304
Bio-FETs can be used for detection in fields such as medical diagnostics, biological research, environmental protection and food analysis. Conventional measurements like optical, spectrometric, electrochemical, and SPR measurements can also be used to analyze biological molecules. Nevertheless, these conventional metho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46185615
1,270,613
2,170,184
Radiographic testing (RT) can be performed in several ways. Typically low energies are required for testing of composites in order to see any detail, which restricts the radiation sources to be used to x-ray types rather than gamma sources like Ir-192 or Cobalt-60, which tend to have higher energy levels. Data may be r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56316763
2,168,946
709,890
In addition, the insertion of ERVs and their respective LTRs have the potential to induce chromosomal rearrangement due to recombination between viral sequences at inter-chromosomal loci. These rearrangements have been shown to induce gene duplications and deletions that largely contribute to genome plasticity and dram...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2311903
709,519
1,663,439
Epidemiologist David Barker was the earliest proponent of the theory of fetal origins of adult disease, prompting the theory to be denoted as "Barker's hypothesis". In 1986, Barker published findings proposing a direct link between prenatal nutrition and late-onset coronary heart disease. He had noticed that the poores...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47957160
1,662,504
1,758,888
The holotype, EME VP 312, was found in a layer of the Sebeş Formation dating from the upper Early Maastrichtian, about 69 million years old. It consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. It includes three neck vertebrae among which the almost complete third and the fourth; the third and fourth right metacarpal; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38379378
1,757,895
633,001
Chladni's book was initially ridiculed by contemporary physicists, including Lichtenberg. Still, his writings sparked a curiosity that eventually led to more researchers supporting his theory. In 1795, a large stony meteorite was observed during its fall to Earth at a cottage near Wold Newton in Yorkshire, England and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=233211
632,663
1,651,799
Vahlen had studied under Frobenius and written his dissertation on additive number theory. He had been published in mathematical journals like "Crelle's Journal" and "Acta Mathematica". Vahlen's mathematical interests included partition theory, non-Euclidean geometry and differential equations. His published works on a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58079132
1,650,867
620,652
Historically, they normally occur in remote, little disturbed areas far from human habitations. The Ural owl is largely restricted from areas where forest fragmentation has occurred or park-like settings are predominant, as opposed to the smaller, more adaptive tawny owl which acclimates favorably to such areas. On the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=815909
620,336
1,194,836
The establishment of Chairs in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Zoology and Botany was the start of outstanding research and teaching by dedicated Indian Scientists. Sir Asutosh Mookerjee who became the first president of the first session of the Indian Science Congress at Calcutta, where nearly a hundred scientists me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62858858
1,194,196
1,217,394
Ahlfors worked as an associate professor at the University of Helsinki from 1933 to 1936. In 1936 he was one of the first two people to be awarded the Fields Medal (the other was Jesse Douglas). In 1935 Ahlfors visited Harvard University. He returned to Finland in 1938 to take up a professorship at the University of He...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61636
1,216,741
2,164,665
The PSE unit was constructed principally of beryllium and had a mass of 11.5 kg, including the electronics module and thermal insulation. It was housed in a drum-shaped enclosure 23 cm in diameter and 29 cm in height. The enclosure was rounded on the bottom and rested on a leveling stool. The PSE consisted of two main ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49384392
2,163,428
705,586
Blackburn's first book "The Telomere Effect: A Revolutionary Approach to Living Younger, Healthier, Longer" (2017) was co-authored with health psychologist Dr. Elissa S. Epel of Aging, Metabolism, and Emotions (AME) Center at the UCSF Center for Health and Community. Blackburn comments on aging reversal and care for on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=989870
705,217
514,079
As with other traction-type CVTs, transmission of torque through the NuVinci CVT involves some relative sliding between the torque-transmitting contact patches. This is because, for any given contact patch, parts of the ball are going in a slightly different direction and at slightly different speeds than the disc (thi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24289698
513,813
1,423,869
Flammer syndrome requires no therapy as long as the individual does not experience the symptoms or pathological sequelae occur. The treatment is based on three pillars: lifestyle interventions, diet, and medication. A healthy lifestyle should include regular sleep, weight stabilization (in the sense of not being underw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44350580
1,423,067
2,020,541
Thus, Cln3 seems to be the size sensor in budding yeast, as it exhibits the necessary properties of a translational sizer and is the most upstream regulator of "Start". A critical question remains, however, as to how its activity is rendered size dependent. As noted above, any translational size sensor should be at con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18543362
2,019,378
922,032
In May 2019, the Pioneer Institute released a white paper reviewing records obtained from the UMass System Controller's Office (as well as other publicly available documents) that concluded that Chancellor J. Keith Motley and other UMass Boston administrators were scapegoated for the 2017 fiscal year $30 million budget...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99867
921,546
1,056,283
Brian Gleichman, a self-identified Gamist whose works Edwards cited in his examination of Gamism, wrote an extensive critique of the GNS theory and the Big Model. He states that although any RPG intuitively contains elements of gaming, storytelling, and self-consistent simulated worlds, the GNS theory "mistakes compone...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=322859
1,055,735
941,437
The 1932 competition for the Palace of the Soviets, a grandiose project to rival the Empire State Building, featured entries from all the major Constructivists as well as Walter Gropius, Erich Mendelsohn and Le Corbusier. However, this coincided with widespread criticism of Modernism, which was always difficult to sust...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6795854
940,935
395,057
After a slack during the middle of the century, with no new genera being named between the 1930s and the 1970s, the rate of discoveries picked up towards its end. Other specimens are embedded in the rock and visible at Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park in Nye County. In 1977 the Triassic ichthyosaur "Shonisaurus" became th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=314101
394,862
583,818
An important way of getting around a cobalt situation or a "Resource War" situation is to use substitutes for a material in its end-uses. Some criteria for a satisfactory substitute are (1) ready availability domestically in adequate quantities or availability from contiguous nations, or possibly from overseas allies, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19080286
583,519
1,408,270
A thermometric titration is one of a number of instrumental titration techniques where endpoints can be located accurately and precisely without a subjective interpretation on the part of the analyst as to their location. Enthalpy change is arguably the most fundamental and universal property of chemical reactions, so ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8380514
1,407,479
1,826,793
Presumably, if harvesting of energy is done on both sides of the EHUX coccolith, then it will allow generation of a net force, which means movement in a directional manner. Coccoliths have immense potential for a multitude of applications, but to enable harvesting of energy, their surface properties must be finely tune...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68657567
1,825,754
839,700
The long citation for his Fields Medal describes Venkatesh as having "made profound contributions to an exceptionally broad range of subjects in mathematics" and recognises that he "solved many longstanding problems by combining methods from seemingly unrelated areas, presented novel viewpoints on classical problems, a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6647964
839,251
997,982
The keel for "Tennessee" was laid down on 14 May 1917 at the New York Naval Shipyard; her completed hull was launched on 30 April 1919. Fitting-out work then commenced, and on 3 June 1920, the completed ship was commissioned into the fleet. Captain Richard H. Leigh served as the ship's first commanding officer. "Tennes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=196975
997,464
1,286,495
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are a polymorph of boron nitride. They were predicted in 1994 and experimentally discovered in 1995. Structurally they are similar to carbon nanotubes, which are cylinders with sub-micrometer diameters and micrometer lengths, except that carbon atoms are alternately substituted by nitrog...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48540155
1,285,794
133,671
During the French and Indian War, in June 1763 a group of Native Americans laid siege to British-held Fort Pitt. The commander of Fort Pitt, Simeon Ecuyer, ordered his men to take smallpox-infested blankets from the infirmary and give it to a Lenape delegation during the siege. A reported outbreak that began the spring...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4361
133,618
267,028
The speeds are given in warp factors and follow a Geometric progression. The first scale developed by Franz Joseph was simply a cubic progression with no limit. This leads to the use of ever growing warp factors in and the "". For example, warp 14.1 in the TOS-episode "That Which Survives" or warp 36 in the TAS-episode...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55278
266,884
981,212
The Foxtrot class was comparable in performance and armament to most contemporary designs. However, its three screws made it noisier than most Western designs. Moreover, the Foxtrot class was one of the last designs introduced before the adoption of the teardrop hull, which offered much better underwater performance. A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1548933
980,700
1,725,628
A number of small phase clinical trials have begun to point to EPCs as a potential treatment for various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). For instance, the year long "Transplantation of Progenitor Cells and Regeneration Enhancement in Acute Myocardial Infarction" (TOPCARE-AMI) studied the therapeutic effect of infusing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11520637
1,724,657
1,916,932
After a three-week stay in Tokyo, Pinedo and Campanelli began their return journey to Rome on 17 October, a 15,000-mile (24,000-km) trip that they made in only 22 days – an impressive speed at the time – with stops at Kagoshima in Japan; Shanghai in China; Hong Kong; Haiphong and Saigon in French Indochina; Bangkok in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20913937
1,915,833
1,633,619
The area of biological knowledge which Darwin was the first to subject to scientific method and to render, as it were, contributory to the great stream formed by the union of the various branches, is that which relates to the breeding of animals and plants, their congenital variations, and the transmission and perpetua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30410498
1,632,696
1,337,305
The positive albeit modest effects on tremor of anticholinergic alkaloids obtained from the plant of the belladonna were described during 19th century by Charcot, Erb and others. Modern surgery for tremor, consisting of the lesioning of some of the basal ganglia structures was first tried in 1939 and was improved over ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31035387
1,336,574
2,133,454
Since the beginning of his career, Matthias Scheffler has been working on fundamental aspects of the chemical and physical properties of surfaces, interfaces, clusters, and nanostructures. Current research activities include studies of heterogeneous catalysis, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, thermoelectr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69144441
2,132,229
1,967,579
In October 1943, Alan Battersby took up his place at the University of Manchester's Chemistry Department, having won a scholarship to support his undergraduate studies. He graduated with first class honours in 1946 and that year obtained a Mercer Chemistry Research Scholarship (named in honour of John Mercer) and a DSI...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13013970
1,966,449
1,841,766
Paul Knochel was born in Strasbourg. He studied chemistry at the IUT (Institut Universitaire de Technologie) in Strasbourg, then at the ENSCS (École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Strasbourg). From 1979 to 1982, he completed his thesis entitled "Nitroallyl-halogenide und -ester als effiziente Verknüpfungsreagenzien"...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61467814
1,840,714
557,029
In 1968, Baran was a founder of the Institute for the Future and was then involved in other networking technologies developed in Silicon Valley. He wrote on the subject of computer systems and privacy. Baran participated in a review of the NBS proposal for a Data Encryption Standard in 1976, along with Martin Hellman a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1016348
556,740
337,406
One criticism of Strauss and Howe's theory and generational studies is that conclusions are overly broad and do not reflect the reality of every person in each generation regardless of their race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability, or genetic information. For example, Hoover cited the case of Mille...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28937240
337,227
778,630
Both his parents died from cancer during his first two years at Cambridge. His father was 60 and his mother was 58. As an undergraduate Sanger's beliefs were strongly influenced by his Quaker upbringing. He was a pacifist and a member of the Peace Pledge Union. It was through his involvement with the Cambridge Scientis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63349
778,213
539,463
In chapter 1.22 "The Victory of Mylae" of his "History," Polybius writes:Now their ships were badly fitted out and not easy to manage, and so some one suggested to them as likely to serve their turn in a fight the construction of what were afterwards called "crows". Corvus means "crow" or "raven" in Latin and was the n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1299991
539,183
1,672,151
Fearful of complications, most surgeons delayed the potentially life-saving tracheotomy until a patient was moribund, despite the knowledge that irreversible organ damage would have already occurred by that time. This began to change in the early 19th century, when the tracheotomy finally began to be recognized as a le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28862297
1,671,210
1,825,525
Exhibit development was rapid and prolific, and by 1995 a number of exhibits were in storage for lack of display space. Demand for programs continued to grow, additional NSF project grants were in hand, and the staff was twice as large as had been projected in a 1992 pre-construction business plan. To accommodate this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17460553
1,824,487
1,701,458
Studies conducted in an underground research facility in Japan are relevant for predicting the implications of microbial activity for the safety of geological disposal of high-level radionuclide wastes. Research conducted at Crystal Geyser (Green River, Utah) probes the potential for subsurface microbial communities to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26156185
1,700,503
1,265,374
The 1998 eruption of Axial Seamount was preceded by several large earthquake swarms, common indicators of volcanic activity. The swarms correlated to magma movements in the volcano; bottom pressure recorders deployed on the volcano between 1987 and 1992 recorded five instances of deflation in the summit surface (caused...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12730246
1,264,686
1,234,740
In 1992, Robert L. "Nob" Rauch was elected President of WFDF and Juha Jalovaara become chair of the Ultimate Committee. Over the next two years, WFDF was reorganized to better reflect the increasing growth of Ultimate and the diversity of WFDF's membership. The disc committee structure was simplified into a broad categ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1490651
1,234,077
742,212
The last years of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century saw a reversal of the centralisation process that had taken place in the sixteenth: scientific institutes were set up in what became veritable campuses; a new building to house the Arts and Philosophy faculty was built in another part of the c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=378253
741,820
490,974
Physicist Pieter Rijke introduced this phenomenon into a greater scale by using a heated wire screen to induce strong oscillations in a tube (the Rijke tube). Feldman mentioned in his related review that a convective air current through the pipe is the main inducer of this phenomenon. The oscillations are strongest whe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=642896
490,720
299,200
Since 2005, the FDA and European regulators have required that nearly all new molecular entities be evaluated in a Thorough QT (TQT) or similar study to determine a drug's effect on the QT interval. The TQT study serves to assess the potential arrhythmia liability of a drug. Traditionally, the QT interval had been eval...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=753436
299,039
841,478
The rule of the Russian occupation authorities in East Prussia caused great damage to the province. The victims of the Russian troops were 19,000 civilians, of which 1,620 died (including those who were shot without trial), 433 were wounded and 10,000 were driven to Russia (5,419 men, mainly the elderly, 2,587 women an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3431468
841,028
134,133
The factions inside the bubble formed from a rift and power struggle between the joint venture partners on how the science should proceed, as biospherics or as specialist ecosystem studies (perceived as reductionist). The faction that included Poynter felt strongly that increasing research should be prioritized over de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=216362
134,078
1,732,196
There are problems on both extremes of the gun transmission debate. Its proponents emphasize the older history of gunpowder evolution as attested by historical records and archaeological samples in China, its less obviously militarily focused name as "fire medicine," the Mongol role as a catalyst in disseminating gunpo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61793153
1,731,220
88,856
With the invention of the revolver in 1818, handguns capable of holding multiple rounds became popular. Certain designs of auto-loading pistols appeared beginning in the 1870s and had largely supplanted revolvers in military applications by the end of World War I. By the end of the 20th century, most handguns carried r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11966
88,820
69,590
Various explanations were proposed during the 1960s and 1970s, each with their own problems. It was suggested that quasars were nearby objects, and that their redshift was not due to the expansion of space but rather to light escaping a deep gravitational well. This would require a massive object, which would also expl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25239
69,563
384,717
A 2009 review of psycho-educational interventions for children with autism whose mean age was six years or less at intake found that five high-quality ("Level 1" or "Level 2") studies assessed ABA-based treatments. On the basis of these and other studies, the author concluded that ABA is "well-established" and is "demo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1781075
384,522
803,365
The human FFA was first described by Justine Sergent in 1992 and later named by Nancy Kanwisher in 1997 who proposed that the existence of the FFA is evidence for domain specificity in the visual system. Studies have recently shown that the FFA is composed of functional clusters that are at a finer spatial scale than p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7800961
802,936
325,236
Active surveillance involves monitoring the tumor for growth or symptoms, which trigger treatment. The monitoring process may involve PSA tests, digital rectal examination, or repeated biopsies every few months. The goal of active surveillance is to postpone treatment, and avoid overtreatment and its side effects, give...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=88078
325,063
2,015,094
Science House was opened on 7 May 1931 by the NSW Governor Air Vice-Marshal Sir Philip Game as a co-operative venture between three of the major scientific organisations in NSW. A venue to share facilities and operate from a centralised headquarters had been discussed since the 1870s and, in 1905, a committee was forme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59063389
2,013,935
997,841
In 1936 the first commercial high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line using mercury-arc valves was built between Schenectady and Mechanicville, New York. HVDC had previously been achieved by installing direct current generators in series (a system known as the Thury system) although this suffered from serious reliabilit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=618077
997,323
2,017,088
Since inflammatory cues during infection regulate central nervous system repair via the regulation of neural stem cells, this is yet another mechanism that the Klein Lab probes to understand how viral infections and demyelinating diseases cause impaired learning and memory. Her lab specifically explores the cues that d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63543418
2,015,926
786,997
Hypnotics are often used to treat the symptoms of insomnia or other sleep disorders. Benzodiazepines are still among the most widely prescribed sedative-hypnotics in the United States today. Certain non-benzodiazepine drugs are used as hypnotics as well. Although they lack the chemical structure of the benzodiazepines,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45621
786,574
363,025
Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death. Common psychiatric symptoms include irritab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37996
362,835
275,390
In the following weeks, the F-82 pilots would exceed all expectations in aerial combat. On 28 June, orders came down for all F-82s to be used in heavy ground support against any North Korean activity found between the front lines and the 38th Parallel. Every F-82 which could be made ready for flight was pressed into co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=671473
275,241
1,583,239
The presence of an analogous RMS in humans has been difficult to identify, possibly because the olfactory bulb is significantly less developed in humans than in rodents and thus harder to study, and much of the previous scientific work has been called into question concerning the RMS in humans. In the developing fetal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2904663
1,582,349
80,034
One popular hypothesis suggested that pinnipeds are diphyletic (descended from two ancestral lines), with walruses and otariids sharing a recent common ancestor with bears and phocids sharing one with Musteloidea. However, morphological and molecular evidence support a monophyletic origin. A 2021 genetic study found th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=60261
80,001
1,447,373
When the collector current rises above the data sheet limit formula_52 a new breakdown mechanism become important: the second breakdown. This phenomenon is caused by excessive heating of some points (hot spots) in the base-emitter region of the bipolar junction transistor, which give rise to an exponentially increasing...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2773192
1,446,557
1,616,470
GAMS’s impetus for development arose from the frustrating experience of a large economic modeling group at the World Bank. In hindsight, one may call it a historic accident that in the 1970s mathematical economists and statisticians were assembled to address problems of development. They used the best techniques availa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1438314
1,615,559
1,446,827
When Myola was recaptured in October, a Main Dressing Station (MDS) was established there, manned by the 2/4th Field Ambulance and a surgical team from the 2/9th General Hospital. On 1 November, 438 patients were held at Myola. Three days later, Kokoda was back in Australian hands and an MDS established there. It was h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51118476
1,446,011
33,096
The tribe of the Aroteres consisted of a large sedentary populace of Thracian origin over which ruled an Iranic Scythian ruling class. These Aroteres were a war-like people who were organised into small territorial units settled in who lived in open undefended settlements and strongholds covering between sixteen and tw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55092
33,084
185,265
In response to mounting public concern, the industry eventually created the Global Climate Coalition, an industry lobby group, to derail governments' attempts to regulate air pollution and to create confusion in the public mind about the necessity of such regulation. Similar lobbying and corporate public relations effo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30876688
185,168
305,178
The strongest opposition to revisionism came from socialists in countries such as the Russian Empire where parliamentary democracy did not exist. Chief among these was the Russian Vladimir Lenin, whose works such as "Our Programme" (1899) set out the views of those who rejected revisionist ideas. In 1903, there was the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246185
305,016
929,501
The suspended structure was designed by Dr. Thomas C. Kavanagh, Fred Severud, and Dr. Hans Bandel, who were selected after the 1959 RFP issued by Cornell University. A proposal by General Bronze Corporation was not selected as it did not meet specifications, according to an editorial response by Donald Cooke (Cornell’s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9013135
929,010
993,406
Gene annotations provide the "what", while measurements of species diversity provide the "who". In order to connect community composition and function in metagenomes, sequences must be binned. Binning is the process of associating a particular sequence with an organism. In similarity-based binning, methods such as BLAS...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1408929
992,889
290,683
The VMI campus covers , 12 of which are designated as the Virginia Military Institute Historic District, a designated National Historic Landmark District. The campus is referred to as the "Post," a tradition that reflects the school's military focus and the uniformed service of its alumni. A training area of several hu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=345295
290,525
1,590,007
In the 1970s and 1980s, Orkin conducted research that identified genetic mutations associated with a group of blood disorders known as the thalassemias. This work led to the first comprehensive description of molecular defects in an inherited disorder. Later (1986), he and his team cloned a gene causing chronic granulo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48530679
1,589,113
19,635
A 2011 prospective study by Roland R. Griffiths and colleagues suggests that a single high dosage of psilocybin can cause long-term changes in the personality of its users. About half of the study participants—described as healthy, "spiritually active", and many possessing postgraduate degrees—showed an increase in the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38468
19,627
164,931
In proteins that have segments extending extracellularly, the extracellular segments are also often glycosylated. Glycoproteins are also often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell–cell interactions. It is important to distinguish endoplasmic reticulum-based glycosylation of the secretory...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=164912
164,846
978,792
Because of the high level of sensitivity that the eye’s retina has to hypoxia, symptoms are usually first experienced visually. As the retinal blood pressure decreases below Intraocular pressure (usually 10–21 mm Hg), blood flow begins to cease to the retina, first affecting perfusion farthest from the optic disc and c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2617660
978,281
1,881,060
The Institute's house journal was "Biologist", featuring news and book reviews, but mainly overview articles of biological topics. It also produced a specialist journal for biology teachers and university lecturers called the "Journal of Biological Education". (The latter journal continues today with the Society of Bio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1358822
1,879,979
1,375,613
PUBS is not a diagnostic test that is indicated in every pregnancy. It is, however, suggested in pregnancy cases in which the blood gas levels and pH would aid in diagnosis of a condition, such as anemia, or delivery plan, if termination of the pregnancy is being considered or special plans must be made. Umbilical cord...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13421323
1,374,852
629,682
The 71st Surveillance Wing, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System, was activated on December 6, 1961 at Ent AFB (renamed 71st Missile Warning Wing on January 1, 1967, at McGuire AFB July 21, 1969 – April 30, 1971). Syracuse's BMEWS Test Facility at GE's High-Power Radar Laboratory became the responsibility of Rome Air...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=736540
629,344
1,998,274
On the second day, Bradman continued to use defensive tactics for most of the day as England continued to dominate. Australia had trouble removing night-watchman Bedser, who helped take the score to 2/423. Bradman gave his leading bowler Lindwall a heavy workload as the other bowlers appeared unthreatening. O'Reilly de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21051201
1,997,131
307,700
During the 1990s JSOW was considered to be one of the most successful development programs in DOD history. The system was introduced to operational use a year ahead of schedule. Unlike most guided weapons and aircraft, the system never had a weight management problem, and was deployed at its target weight. The system i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=666385
307,535