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The term "neoclassical synthesis" appears to be coined by Paul Samuelson in his influential textbook "Economics". According to Samuelson, the neoclassical synthesis should have become a new general economic theory, that could unite positive aspects of previous economic research and become a consensus, over which all me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13312532
554,600
1,796,935
SAIS Europe has an enrollment of about 200 students from 35 different countries with a student-faculty ratio of approximately 6 to 1. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the school is its resident faculty complemented by some 40 adjunct professors drawn from top universities, institutes, think tanks, internati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10987372
1,795,926
393,034
The .243 Winchester has regularly made the top five of rankings for "Best Whitetail Deer Hunting Cartridges" from sources such as "Field and Stream" and "Outdoor Life", and its widespread popularity (called the "whitetail hunter's favorite" by the Browning Arms Company and "American favorite" by "American Rifleman") as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1663105
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In 1995, curator Colin Westerbeck used a grant from the Lannan Foundation to bring Close together with Grant Romer, director of conservation at the George Eastman House. From that time on, Close also continued to explore difficult photographic processes such as daguerreotype in collaboration with Jerry Spagnoli and sop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=840023
776,245
394,617
The current scientific understanding of when and how the Earth's atmosphere changed from a weakly reducing to a strongly oxidizing atmosphere largely began with the work of the American geologist Preston Cloud in the 1970s. Cloud observed that detrital sediments older than about 2 billion years ago contained grains of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3268926
394,422
566,662
The wealth of Constantinople can be seen by how Justin I used pounds/1.66 tonnes of gold just for celebrating his own consulship. By the end of his reign, Anastasius I had managed to collect for the treasury an amount of 23,000,000 "solidi" or 320,000 pounds/144 tonnes of gold. At the start of Justinian I's reign, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11418423
566,372
1,468,499
At the beginning of the dynasty (c. 965) the two Zhe provinces (now Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu) presented (to the throne) two dragon ships each more than (60.00 m/200 ft) in length. The upper works included several decks with palatial cabins and saloons, containing thrones and couches all ready for imperial tours of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10444102
1,467,675
1,892,837
The first published O14 standards appeared in "Model Railway Constructor" magazine, September 1951. The article was titled "A Narrow Gauge Layout" and was by Douglas Clayton. He advocated HO standards, less 2.5mm coupled with coarse scale OO wheelsets set to 12.5 mm back to back. A subsequent article in 1953 provided d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4016623
1,891,754
1,341,300
Extreme price volatility, which can be up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of any other commodity or financial asset, has forced market participants to hedge not only volume but also price risk. Price forecasts from a few hours to a few months ahead have become of particular interest to power portfolio manag...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48684895
1,340,567
2,181,651
formula_10 is a decreasing function of formula_13, formula_25, if formula_26. If the average degree of the nodes (the mean coordination number for the graph) is finite, then there is exactly one value of formula_13, formula_28, at which the complex network zeta function transitions from being infinite to being finite. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14726322
2,180,404
906,939
Once activated, osteoclasts move to areas of microfracture in the bone by chemotaxis. Osteoclasts lie in small cavities called Howship's lacunae, formed from the digestion of the underlying bone. The sealing zone is the attachment of the osteoclast's plasma membrane to the underlying bone. Sealing zones are bounded by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=592914
906,461
154,756
The sale of metal detectors is allowed in France. The first use of metal detectors in France which led to archaeological discoveries occurred in 1958: people living in the city of Graincourt-lès-Havrincourt who were seeking copper from World War I bombshell with military mine detector found a Roman silver treasure. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=165015
154,686
963,152
The genome of "C. jejuni" strain NCTC11168 was published in 2000, revealing 1,641,481 base pairs (30.6% G+C) predicted to encode 1,654 proteins and 54 stable RNA species. The genome is unusual in that virtually no insertion sequences or phage-associated sequences and very few repeat sequences are found. One of the most...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=571816
962,643
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The Harvard Classics, originally marketed as Dr. Eliot's Five-Foot Shelf of Books, is a 50-volume series of classic works of world literature, important speeches, and historical documents compiled and edited by Harvard University President Charles W. Eliot. Eliot believed that a careful reading of the series and follow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=558277
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However, in 1981 Axelrod and Hamilton noted that if the same contestants in the PDG meet repeatedly (in the so-called iterated prisoner's dilemma game, IPD) then tit-for-tat (foreshadowed by Robert Trivers' 1971 reciprocal altruism theory) is a robust strategy which promotes altruism. In "tit-for-tat" both players' ope...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4839105
1,296,792
1,983,444
autopsych is an open-source software program for performing uni-dimensional Rasch analysis. The app can handle both dichotomous and polytomous data via the application of Master’s partial credit model. The app adopts marginal maximum likelihood estimation and leverages off a total 31 open-source R packages (including T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21073228
1,982,305
1,129,418
Engine starting was achieved by a combination of compressed air and a hand-turned magneto; however, starting problems were encountered during pre-race testing at Calshot due to moisture in the air and water contamination of the fuel. A complicated test procedure was devised to ensure clean fuel for competition flights ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2544842
1,128,840
1,938,516
Africa presents a unique cultural climate for the introduction of computer technology not only because of its diverse population, varied geography and multifaceted issues but also because of it singular challenges. Africa is composed of 53 countries many gaining independence since 1950 containing 75 unique ethnic group...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30256549
1,937,406
1,634,243
The "fast-path"allowed for extremely fast invocations — at least when running on SPARC-based platforms. The fast-path used a unique "half-trap" to avoid much of the context switching overhead which plagued Mach systems. Instead of saving out all of the processor state—the normal procedure in the case of a trap into the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1695848
1,633,320
1,052,354
Hipparchus, whose works are mostly lost and known mainly from quotations by other authors, assumed that the Moon moved in a circle inclined at 5° to the ecliptic, rotating in a retrograde direction (i.e. opposite to the direction of annual and monthly apparent movements of the Sun and Moon relative to the fixed stars) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2450817
1,051,808
1,338,088
Although many authors had suggested the use of power formulas in sediment transport in the decades preceding Bagnold's work, and in fact Bagnold himself suggested it a decade before putting it into practice in one of his other works. It wasn't until 1966 that R. A. Bagnold tested this theory experimentally to validate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22187062
1,337,357
1,869,736
One of the strong points of the NIN is its research infrastructure. The institute host several two-photon excitation microscopy setups to perform "in vivo" brain imaging at the cellular and sub-cellular level, high density EEG labs, multi-electrode recording systems. The institute also hosts a large mechanical workshop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43487097
1,868,659
1,066,992
Although a reaction coordinate diagram is essentially derived from a potential energy surface, it is not always feasible to draw one from a PES. A chemist draws a reaction coordinate diagram for a reaction based on the knowledge of free energy or enthalpy change associated with the transformation which helps him to pla...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14149235
1,066,438
286,270
It was involved in at least six accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which patients were given massive overdoses of radiation. Because of concurrent programming errors (also known as race conditions), it sometimes gave its patients radiation doses that were hundreds of times greater than normal, resulting in death or se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=315212
286,116
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The original telegraph lines used two wires between the two stations to form a complete electrical circuit or "loop". In 1837, however, Carl August von Steinheil of Munich, Germany, found that by connecting one leg of the apparatus at each station to metal plates buried in the ground, he could eliminate one wire and us...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33131
771,267
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Regions of the target sequence that are not aligned to a template are modeled by loop modeling; they are the most susceptible to major modeling errors and occur with higher frequency when the target and template have low sequence identity. The coordinates of unmatched sections determined by loop modeling programs are g...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7026278
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No crewed missions have been sent to any planet of the Solar System. NASA's Apollo program, however, landed twelve people on the Moon and returned them to Earth. The American Vision for Space Exploration, originally introduced by U.S. President George W. Bush and put into practice through the Constellation program, had...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15111
693,140
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Most applications of HTAP are enabled by in-memory technologies that can process a high volume of transactions and offer features such as forecasting and simulations. New HTAP technologies use scalable transactional processing, and do not need to rely on keeping the whole database in-memory. HTAP has the potential to c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43507478
1,195,672
1,028,603
In Japan, steel-making technology was imported from China, most likely through Korea. The crucible steel used in the Chinese swords, called "chi-kang" (combined steel), was similar to pattern welding, and edges of it were often forge welded to a back of soft iron, or . In trying to copy the Chinese method, the ancient ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7528817
1,028,069
1,112,322
In the late 1990s, the economic situation changed. Governments and farmers alike were under increasing pressure from NGOs and the consumer countries, who criticized the practices of the trade. International trade conflicts erupted, such as import bans by consumer countries on shrimp containing antibiotics, the United S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2167405
1,111,756
2,073,859
The Science Communication Observatory was responsible of the organization of the 8th International Conference of the PCST Network in Barcelona (Spain), June 2004. The main theme of the conference was "Scientific Knowledge and Cultural Diversity" which opened up a field to debate on the global discourse of science in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18862994
2,072,667
515,399
In Taiwan, hybrid rocket system developments began in 2009 through R&D projects of NSPO with two university teams. Both teams employed nitrous oxide / HTPB propellant system with different improvement schemes. Several hybrid rockets have been successfully launched by NCKU and NCTU teams so far, reaching altitudes of 10...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37831
515,133
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In June 2012, in research commissioned by EDF, the Institute for Public Policy Research suggested that building 18GW of new nuclear energy capacity in the UK, with more than 10 new reactors, could create between 16,250 and 21,250 additional jobs, and enable the UK to compete in the international market for nuclear ener...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4144635
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In a simple picture of an electron-nucleus two-spin system, the solid effect occurs when a transition involving an electron-nucleus mutual flip (called Zero Quantum or Double Quantum) is excited by a microwave irradiation, in the presence of relaxation. This kind of transition is in general weakly allowed, meaning that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1119342
1,429,012
1,202,691
The 2008 economic crisis led the United States and United Kingdom to cut funds to the collider project, leading to Japan's position as the most likely host for the International Linear Collider. On August 23, 2013, the Japanese high-energy physics community's site evaluation committee proposed it should be located in t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1141465
1,202,048
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Ammonia volatilization reduces the economic efficiency of agricultural cropping systems. Either yield will be reduced or additional costs will be incurred from additional nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of ammonia volatilization depends on several environmental factors, including temperature, pH, and the soil water con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20796713
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Ring laser gyroscopes can be used as the stable elements (for one degree of freedom each) in an inertial reference system. The advantage of using an RLG is that there are no moving parts (apart from the dither motor assembly (see further description below), and laser-lock), compared to the conventional spinning gyrosco...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=302790
867,281
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The Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre was an Australian-based organisation which conducted research into the social, environmental, and economic impact of bushfires. Although the CRC has completed operations, a legacy of a decade of research content is still online and accessible. Funded originally by a grant from t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1211171
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Capecchi was a Junior Fellow of the Society of Fellows at Harvard University from 1967 to 1969. In 1969 he became an assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry at Harvard Medical School. He was promoted to associate professor in 1971. In 1973 he joined the faculty at the University of Utah. Since 1988 Capecc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1586826
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The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was demonstrated by J. W. Allen and R. J. Cherry in late 1961 at the SERL in Baldock, UK. This work was reported in the "Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids", Volume 23, Issue 5, May 1962, pages 509–511. Another early device was demonstrated by Nick Holonyak on October 9, 196...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18290
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The Soviets mounted a public relations campaign against the policy change. Once again the East Berlin communists attempted to disrupt the Berlin municipal elections (as they had done in the 1946 elections), which were held on 5 December 1948 and produced a turnout of 86.3% and an overwhelming victory for the non-commun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=325329
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Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein is a biography of Albert Einstein written by Abraham Pais. First published in 1982 by Oxford University Press, the book is one of the most acclaimed biographies of the scientist. This was not the first popular biography of Einstein, but it was the first to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65780422
1,579,130
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North American Aviation's rocket development activities began with engine tests nearby the Los Angeles Airport. In 1948, NAA began testing liquid rocket engines within the Simi Hills which would later become the Santa Susana Field Laboratory. The company sought a location for a manufacturing plant nearby the Simi Hills...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=320873
875,241
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Comparative Economic Systems is the sub-classification of economics dealing with the comparative study of different systems of economic organization, such as capitalism, socialism, feudalism and the mixed economy. It is widely held to have been founded by the economist Calvin Bryce Hoover. Comparative economics therefo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4849238
1,126,790
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The series offers combo-based combat, and includes a quick time event (QTE) feature, also called context sensitive attacks, which is initiated when the player has weakened a foe or to perform a defensive maneuver. It allows limited control of Kratos during the QTE cinematic sequence; success ends the battle, while fail...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16282491
3,995
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The propagating speed of wave inside objects mainly depends on the stiffness index, namely formula_53. Therefore the critical embankment velocity could be improved evidently through ground strengthening methods such as pile foundation, grouting, dry deep mixing, etc. The famous Swedish railway line running X2 trains wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71200412
2,177,197
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Encephalartos caffer, the Eastern Cape dwarf cycad, is a rare cycad from the genus "Encephalartos". It typically has an underground stem, with a small portion on top, the stem is only very rarely branched and may be as much as 40 cm long. Emerging from the top are long, pinnate, dark green leaves up to long. These ofte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32601292
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Progesterone was the first progestogen that was found to inhibit ovulation, both in animals and in women. Injections of progesterone were first shown to inhibit ovulation in animals between 1937 and 1939. Inhibition of fertilization by administration of progesterone during the luteal phase was also demonstrated in anim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52421781
784,360
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The doctorate (Latin: "doceo" "I teach") appeared in medieval Europe as a license to teach (Latin: "licentia docendi") at a medieval university. Its roots can be traced to the early church when the term "doctor" referred to the Apostles, church fathers and other Christian authorities who taught and interpreted the Bibl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=167241
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Northrop Grumman Mission Systems, headquartered in Linthicum, Maryland creates military radar, sensors, and related products, including C4I radar systems for air defense, Airspace Management radar systems such as AMASS, and battlefield surveillance systems like the Airborne Reconnaissance Low (ARL). Tactical aircraft s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=216886
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Antibiotics are not reliably effective against piscirickettsiosis outbreaks due to both antibiotic resistance and the intracellular lifestyle of the bacterium within the host. Despite this, the Chilean salmon farming industry has one of the highest rates internationally of antibiotic consumption per ton of harvested fi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40421553
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To understand the development of chipless RFID tags, it is important to view it in comparison to classic RFID and barcode. RFID benefits from a very wide spectrum of functionalities, related to the use of radio-frequency (RF) waves for data exchange. The acquisition of the identifier (ID) is made much easier and volume...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40259268
1,679,034
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The "Kingston" class consists of 12 coastal defence vessels operated by the Royal Canadian Navy. The class is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project (MCDV). These multi-role vessels were built and launched from the mid- to late-1990s and are crewed by a combination of Naval Reserve and Regular Force p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1186543
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SRAM PUFs were initially used in applications with high security requirements, such as in defense, to protect sensitive government and military systems, and in the banking industry, to secure payment systems and financial transactions. In 2010, NXP started using SRAM PUF technology to secure SmartMX-powered assets agai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42995778
1,707,133
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A new family of LEDs are based on the semiconductors called perovskites. In 2018, less than four years after their discovery, the ability of perovskite LEDs (PLEDs) to produce light from electrons already rivaled those of the best performing OLEDs. They have a potential for cost-effectiveness as they can be processed f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18290
34,970
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After 18 months in general practice, he was invited to become the PhD student of Professor Basil Hetzel at the new department of social and preventive medicine, Monash University in Victoria, graduating in 1972. Studying factors that influenced the mental health of undergraduate students, he gained skills in epidemiolo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39859058
1,952,071
461,251
The worm began to be noticed early on 25 January 2003 as it slowed systems worldwide. The slowdown was caused by the collapse of numerous routers under the burden of extremely high bombardment traffic from infected servers. Normally, when traffic is too high for routers to handle, the routers are supposed to delay or t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=174312
461,024
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Higher levels of formula_1 have a stronger narcotic effect: Confusion and irrational behaviour may occur around , and loss of consciousness around . High formula_1 triggers the fight or flight response, affects hormone levels and can cause anxiety, irritability and inappropriate or panic responses, which can be beyond ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=497803
162,274
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Information power comes as a result of possessing knowledge that others need or want. In the age of Information technology, information power is increasingly relevant as an abundance of information is readily available. There may be a cost-benefit analysis by an agent of influence to determine if Information Power or i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22757157
627,065
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Dart's claim that "Australopithecus africanus", the species name that he had given to the Taung Child, was a transitional form between apes and humans was almost universally rejected. Robert Broom, a Scottish doctor who worked in South Africa, was one of the few scientists to believe Dart. Two weeks after Dart announce...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1767352
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Because (methane) is produced in lakes and wetlands, the amount in the atmosphere is correlated with the strength of monsoons, which are in turn correlated with the strength of low-latitude summer insolation. Since insolation depends on orbital cycles, for which a timescale is available from other sources, can be used ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=426456
737,303
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Gas tungsten arc welding, because it affords greater control over the weld area than other welding processes, can produce high-quality welds when performed by skilled operators. Maximum weld quality is assured by maintaining cleanliness—all equipment and materials used must be free from oil, moisture, dirt and other im...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1448709
272,064
1,973,001
The Dental College was founded in 1881, the first dentistry school west of the Mississippi. Together with the Colleges of Medicine (founded in 1864) and that of Pharmacy (founded in 1872 as the California College of Pharmacy), it made up the Affiliated Colleges of The Medical Department of the University of California ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22280748
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MR imaging is rarely performed during pregnancy and the neonatal period, in order to avoid stress for mother and child. In the cases of birth complications and other clinical events, however, such data are being acquired. For instance, analyzed gyrification in premature newborns at birth and found it to be predictive o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26827372
1,564,757
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In 1998, the first issue of "Physical Review Special Topics: Accelerators and Beams" was published, and in 2005, "Physical Review Special Topics: Physics Education Research" was launched. In January 2016 the names of both journals were changed to remove "Special Topics". "Physical Review" also started an online magazin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=419663
615,356
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His PhD dissertation included one of the first papers to analyze firm-level transactions prices. Using data from mail order retailers he studied the way prices are set finding that they change about once a year, the size of price change is very irregular for a given item, the last digit of the price influences the prob...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51443975
1,636,390
835,657
Prominent blood vessels (telangiectasia) over the white (sclera) of the eyes usually occur by the age of 5–8 years, but sometimes appear later or not at all. The absence of telangiectasia does not exclude the diagnosis of A–T. Potentially a cosmetic problem, the ocular telangiectasia do not bleed or itch, though they a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1058672
835,208
885,948
The field of extreme value theory was pioneered by Leonard Tippett (1902–1985). Tippett was employed by the British Cotton Industry Research Association, where he worked to make cotton thread stronger. In his studies, he realized that the strength of a thread was controlled by the strength of its weakest fibres. With t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50732
885,484
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Engineers in Mongol service displayed a considerable degree of ingenuity and planning; during a siege of a fortified Chinese city, the defenders had taken care to remove all large rocks from the region to deny the Mongols an ammunition supply for their trebuchets, but the Mongol engineers resorted to cutting up logs wh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1909414
231,025
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In 1920 the French automobile and aircraft pioneer Gabriel Voisin experimented with systems that modulated the hydraulic braking pressure on his aircraft brakes to reduce the risk of tire slippage, as threshold braking on aircraft is nearly impossible. These systems used a flywheel and valve attached to a hydraulic lin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59587
90,855
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More recent applications include (but are not limited to) business analytics and data science, training of artificial neural networks, pattern recognition, robotic motion planning, beam orientation, circuit design, electric service restoration, medical expert systems, single machine scheduling, automatic timetabling (n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3989208
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1,164,536
Enfuvirtide (also known as T-20) is a 36-residue alpha-peptide fusion inhibitor drug that binds to the pre-hairpin structure and prevents membrane fusion and HIV-1 entry to the cell. The vulnerability of this structure has initiated development towards a whole spectrum of fusion preventing drugs. In developing these dr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4641891
1,163,919
8,022
Airbus's publicity has stressed the comfort and space of the A380 cabin, and advertised onboard relaxation areas such as bars, beauty salons, duty-free shops, and restaurants. Proposed amenities resembled those installed on earlier airliners, particularly 1970s wide-body jets, which largely gave way to regular seats fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=181173
8,019
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The effect of Brexit on merger control is unclear considering the uncertainty behind Brexit said Andrea Coscelli, the acting chief of the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). British experts from White & Case LLP and Richard Ecclyes have argued that, beyond control over domestic affairs, there will be a considerabl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12070642
1,492,308
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Biological motion perception is the act of perceiving the fluid unique motion of a biological agent. The phenomenon was first documented by Swedish perceptual psychologist, Gunnar Johansson, in 1973. There are many brain areas involved in this process, some similar to those used to perceive faces. While humans complete...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42938624
2,052,548
986,757
There are various product design processes and many focus on different aspects. One example formulation/model of the process is described by Don Koberg and Jim Bagnellin in "The Seven Universal Stages of Creative Problem-Solving." The process is usually completed by a group of people with different skills and training—...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=999536
986,242
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Jean Piaget, in watching children play games, noted how their rationales for cooperation changed with experience and maturation. He identified two stages, heteronomous (morality centered outside the self) and autonomous (internalized morality). Lawerence Kohlberg sought to expand Piaget's work. His cognitive developmen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1040741
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The numerical solution of the NMPC optimal control problems is typically based on direct optimal control methods using Newton-type optimization schemes, in one of the variants: direct single shooting, direct multiple shooting methods, or direct collocation. NMPC algorithms typically exploit the fact that consecutive op...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1100516
233,482
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Microbiological sources of exoenzymes including amylases, proteases, pectinases, lipases, xylanases, cellulases among others are used for a wide range of biotechnological and industrial uses including biofuel generation, food production, paper manufacturing, detergents and textile production. Optimizing the production ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=539892
1,401,128
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If the symptoms are present while the person is receiving medical care (e.g., in an emergency department), an ECG may show typical changes that confirm the diagnosis i.e., QRS duration <120 ms, unless a heart block is suspected. If the palpitations are recurrent, a doctor may request a Holter monitor (portable, wearabl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=938563
808,602
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Chemoproteomics is at the forefront of drug repurposing. This is particularly relevant in the era of COVID-19, which saw a dire need to rapidly identify FDA approved drugs that have antiviral activity. In this context, a phenotypic screen is usually employed to identify drugs with a desired effect "in vitro", such as i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48999251
1,438,696
1,490,428
Clutch size refers to the number of eggs laid in a single brood by a nesting pair of birds. The numbers laid by a particular species in a given location are usually well defined by evolutionary trade-offs with many factors involved, including resource availability and energetic constraints. Several patterns of variatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38947002
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The Taum Sauk plant is an open-loop pure pumped operation: unlike some other pumped storage sites, there is no natural primary flow into the upper reservoir available for generation. It is therefore a net consumer of electricity; the laws of thermodynamics dictate that more power is used to pump the water up the mounta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1033370
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There are a few other drawbacks to the polycentric approach which may restrict a multinational company from completely realizing its full potential in the host country. The first drawback of a polycentric approach is that the "benefits of global coordination between subsidiaries such as the development of economies of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26992335
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The Hippocratic Oath, written in the 5th century BC provides the earliest protocol for professional conduct and ethical behavior a young physician needed to abide by in life and in treating and managing the health and privacy of his patients. The multiple volumes of the Hippocratic corpus and the Hippocratic Oath eleva...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11848019
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Examples of popular music songs featuring the augmented chord include its use in the introduction of Chuck Berry's "School Days", Aaron Neville's "Tell It Like It Is", The Beatles' "Oh! Darling", after intros in Gene Pitney's "Town Without Pity", The Beach Boys' "The Warmth of the Sun", Joe Cocker's "Delta Lady", at th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=424611
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Some Greek philosophers of antiquity, among them Aristotle, founder of Aristotelian physics, may have been the first to maintain the idea that "everything happens for a reason" and that theoretical principles can assist in the understanding of nature. While to a modern reader, many of these preserved ideas come forth a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19555586
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The opioid receptor (OR) family originated from two duplication events of a single ancestral opioid receptor early in vertebrate evolution. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the family of opioid receptors was already present at the origin of jawed vertebrates over 450 million years ago. In humans, this paralogon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=736407
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Homecoming became a regular fall event starting in 1911. "Go, U Northwestern" was written by Theodore Van Etten, a member of the university's marching band, and premiered during the final football game of the season in 1912. The first university student council was formed in 1914 and the first Waa-Mu show opened in 192...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10414221
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The IUS was not powerful enough to launch a payload to Jupiter without resorting to using a series of gravitational slingshot maneuvers around planets to garner additional speed, something most engineers regarded as inelegant, and which planetary scientists at JPL disliked because it meant that the mission would take m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13077
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For several reasons, a different landing system was chosen for MSL compared to previous Mars landers and rovers. "Curiosity" was considered too heavy to use the airbag landing system as used on the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rovers. A legged lander approach would have caused several design problems. It would ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=453544
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In the spring of 1541, Duke Albert—former Grand Master of the Teutonic Order who had converted the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights into a Lutheran and hereditary realm, the Duchy of Prussia, upon doing homage to his uncle, the King of Poland, Sigismund I—summoned Copernicus to Königsberg to attend the Duke's cou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=323592
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A field-emission display (FED) is a flat panel display technology that uses large-area field electron emission sources to provide electrons that strike colored phosphor to produce a color image. In a general sense, an FED consists of a matrix of cathode ray tubes, each tube producing a single sub-pixel, grouped in thre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=919057
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Carbon is essential to all known living systems, and without it life as we know it could not exist (see alternative biochemistry). The major economic use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil (petroleum). Crude oil is distilled in refin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5299
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In 1998, a team from Argonne National Laboratory reported on the discovery of lithium rich NMC cathodes., These high capacity high voltage materials consist of nanodomains of the two structurally similar but different materials. On first charge, noted by its long plateau around 4.5V (vs Li), the activation step creates...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42601555
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Genotype-first assessment is becoming the standard approach for clinical diagnosis of complex heterogeneous diseases. Microduplication and microdeletion syndromes have a range of characteristics, including intellectual disability and developmental delay, which vary in severity making patients with these syndromes very ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45497515
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Scientists have made progress in their efforts to apply the systematic review framework to evaluating the evidence for associations between environmental toxicants and human health risks. To date, researchers have shown that important elements of the framework established in evidence-based medicine can be adapted to to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40419859
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This model was recognised to have become inaccurate for modern bearings. Particularly owing to improvements in the quality of bearing steels, the mechanisms for how failures develop in the 1924 model are no longer as significant. By the 1990s, real bearings were found to give service lives up to 14 times longer than th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=627542
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Salt found a position with the English nobleman George Annesley, Viscount Valentia, travelling as his secretary and draughtsman, recommended by Thomas Simon Butt. They started on an eastern tour in June 1802, sailing on the British East India Company's chartered ship "Minerva" to India via the Cape Colony. Salt explore...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1841304
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He did his doctoral work with John Yamanis on reactions engineering with annular bed reactors. His academic career started as an assistant professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University in 1981 and rose until becoming the Charles O. Gordon Professor of Chemical engineering in 1990. During his time at Vi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39038299
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