doc_id
int32
18
2.25M
text
stringlengths
245
2.96k
source
stringlengths
38
44
__index_level_0__
int64
18
2.25M
2,018,861
By assuming a computationally bounded adversary, it is possibly to design a locally decodable code which is both efficient and near-optimal, with a negligible error probability. These codes are used in complexity theory for things like self-correcting computations, probabilistically checkable proof systems, and worst-c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39275268
2,017,698
1,086,637
Legislation had created a virtual closed shop to local manufacturers with the large assembly plants of General Motors, Ford, Todd Motors and Dominion Motors making it nearly impossible for indigenous start-up companies to compete. Several ventures started making utility vehicles, mainly aimed at farmers such as the Tra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34570831
1,086,079
1,201,417
Mercantilism was the basic policy imposed by Britain on its colonies. Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21992152
1,200,776
2,246,076
Although Mason began his research career as a physicist studying controlled thermonuclear fusion, he is best known for his work on cellular immunology, summarised in outline here. Mason's most important contributions to immunology were his studies defining the existence, cell surface phenotype and function of regulator...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37756208
2,244,804
1,064,993
Penn College offers more than 100 bachelor, associate, and certificate majors in careers ranging from manufacturing, design, transportation, and construction to hospitality, health, business, and natural resources. Additionally, the College offers a Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies, and is launching a M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1530183
1,064,439
1,027,560
The 1470-class Pacific was the third Great Northern locomotive type to incorporate Gresley's universal 3-cylinder layout. All three cylinders drove the middle coupled axle. The outside cranks were set at 120°, with the inside crank displaced by about 7 degrees to allow for the 1:8 inclination of the inside cylinder, th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2534748
1,027,026
2,187,800
To counter this, museum officials stated that they had met with aboriginal elders to discuss this project long before construction began in the area; in order to determine whether or not there were any "concerns about the project." The museum then proceeded to fund the archaeological dig which lasted almost half a year...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35305081
2,186,552
1,142,851
Mice made deficient in their 12/15-lipoxygenase gene (Alox15) exhibit a prolonged inflammatory response along with various other aspects of a pathologically enhanced inflammatory response in experimental models of cornea injury, airway inflammation, and peritonitis. These mice also show an accelerated rate of progressi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50704695
1,142,254
2,131,307
In addition to providing more accurate and reliable data for mental health care providers, smartphones have the ability to provide reminders for healthy practices and appointments. Jen Hyatt, the founder and CEO of Big White Wall, a UK behavioral health social enterprise, comments that existing mental healthcare focuse...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56194906
2,130,082
2,171,836
Lawrence was born 23 April 1954 in Margate, Kent, to Jack Lawrence and Louisa Lawrence (nee Louisa Sandison). He attended Chatham House Grammar School, and then studied Astrophysics at the University of Edinburgh. He undertook postgraduate research at the Department of Physics, University of Leicester, supervised by Ke...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67180045
2,170,597
290,285
Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places. Building information models (BIMs) are files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) which can be extracted, exc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1344439
290,128
763,444
Ultracentrifugation makes use of high centrifugal force for studying properties of biological particles at exceptionally high speeds. Current ultracentrifuges can spin to as much as 150,000 rpm (equivalent to 1,000,000 x g). They are used to harvest all membrane vesicles derived from the plasma membrane, endoplasmic re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=286021
763,035
1,790,293
Deletion of both "Gata2" genes in mice is lethal by day 10 of embryogenesis due to a total failure in the formation of mature blood cells. Inactivation of one mouse "Gata2" gene is neither lethal nor associated with most of the signs of human GATA2 deficiency; however, these animals do show a ~50% reduction in their he...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57618746
1,789,287
667,841
With the exception of Greece, all the countries of Southeast Europe were once part of the Soviet bloc. Some 49% of researchers in these countries are women (compared to 37% in Greece in 2011). This high proportion is considered a legacy of the consistent investment in education by the Socialist governments in place unt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3135183
667,493
179,657
Metabolic signaling involving succinate can be involved in inflammation via stabilization of HIF1-alpha or GPR91 signaling in innate immune cells. Through these mechanisms, succinate accumulation has been shown to regulate production of inflammatory cytokines. For dendritic cells, succinate functions as a chemoattracta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97039
179,564
1,151,380
A diplomatic conference was held at Washington, D.C., in 1989, which adopted a Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, also called the Washington Treaty or IPIC Treaty. The Treaty, signed at Washington on May 26, 1989, is open to member states of the United Nations (UN) World Intellectual Pro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20165898
1,150,773
1,612,638
As part of the freshman science curriculum, every Webb student learns the basics of the geological time, evolution, and other processes that shape our planet. In advanced paleontology electives, Honors Advanced Study in Paleontology and Honors Museum Research, students acquire the scientific background necessary to wor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40936625
1,611,733
799,795
"Plateosaurus" was a bipedal herbivore with a small skull on a long, flexible neck, sharp but plump plant-crushing teeth, powerful hind limbs, short but muscular arms and grasping hands with large claws on three fingers, possibly used for defence and feeding. Unusually for a dinosaur, "Plateosaurus" showed strong devel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1565138
799,369
1,470,158
There is some evidence that some of the gold was worked at the site, judging by the finished brooch shown above, as well as other finished gold products. A part engraved jewel has also been found in the vicinity. Such activities would have needed skilled, not slave labour. No workshops or furnaces have yet been found, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1714630
1,469,333
1,094,433
Kurt Oddekalv, leader of the Green Warriors of Norway, argues that the scale of fish farming in Norway is unsustainable. Huge volumes of uneaten feed and fish excrement pollute the seabed, while chemicals designed to fight sea lice find their way into the food chain. He says: "If people knew this, they wouldn’t eat sal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22726521
1,093,873
1,579,860
The school had a high level of educational training for its staff. This was supported by the results seen from final exams of the school's former students. In memorandum, Reich was noted for having embraced the use and practice of sign language, both in his teaching modality and in his personal life. The school was con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63287127
1,578,970
1,339,974
In the pulse-wave mode, a lens having good focusing properties on an axis is used to focus the ultrasonic waves onto a spot on the specimen and to receive the reflected waves back from the spot, typically in less than 100 ns. The acoustic beam can be focused to a sufficiently small spot at a depth up to 2–3 mm to resol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7168569
1,339,241
1,602,093
The geology of Bermuda represents an isolated limestone island in the Atlantic at the edge of the shallow Bermuda Platform. This platform is part of the larger Bermuda Pedestal (other high points include the Challenger and Plantagenet banks, separated by water 1000 feet deep). The island's volcanic basement rock is rel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59011786
1,601,192
1,093,499
Anthrax disease in humans results from infection with toxin producing "Bacillus anthracis" strains that can be inhaled, ingested in contaminated food or drink, or obtained through breaks in the skin like cuts or scrapes. Domestic and wild animals can also be infected via inhalation or ingestion. Depending on the route ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21107825
1,092,939
1,318,947
Engelmann authored more than 100 curricular programs based on the principles that were discovered in the Bereiter-Engelmann Preschool. The first programs, written from 1968 through 1970, were called DISTAR, for Direct Instruction System for Teaching and Remediation, and were designed to teach reading, math, and languag...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33264099
1,318,222
1,925,932
Production rates depend on the precursor solution's ceramic yield; this can be understood practically as the number of metal atoms injected into the flame per volume of liquid. Additionally, particle collection efficiency is important to minimize waste and loss. The collection efficiency is defined as mass of powder co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38220209
1,924,828
600,749
Simulation is the use of a monitoring program to interpret the machine code instructions of some computer architectures. Such an instruction set simulator can provide memory protection by using a segmentation-like scheme and validating the target address and length of each instruction in real time before actually execu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=515373
600,443
1,682,085
The "two more tones than the normal clarinet [the compass of which ends at low "e"]" mentioned in the concert programme can, however, not easily be unambiguously identified. The Lotz basset clarinet must be associated with Mozart's Quintet fragment in B-flat K 516c, 93 bars of a movement which in 1828 Nissen believed t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219080
1,681,142
309,502
Alternatively, Vygotsky saw natural, spontaneous development as important, but not all-important. He believed that children would not advance very far if they were left to discover everything on their own. It's crucial for a child's development that they are able to interact with more knowledgeable others. They would n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3714452
309,337
1,405,616
Depending on the source material, product quality varies. High quality oxidized lignite (brown coal), usually referred to as leonardite, is the best source material for extraction of large quantities of potassium humate. The less oxidized the coal, the less potassium humate extracted. Sources low in ash produce the bes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4091297
1,404,826
166,981
During the Cold War, the Danish navy was rebuilt and modernised, with the main assignment being to repel an invasion from the Warsaw Pact. Typical operations requiring training were minelaying (the now disbanded minelayers of the "Falster" class (, ), were the world's largest minelayers at their time – each had a compl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201834
166,894
1,247,413
Research has been conducted by virologists to learn more about the interference in infection of host cells and how DI genomes could potentially work as immunostimulatory antiviral agents. Another branch of research has pursued the concept of engineering DIPs into antiviral therapeutic interfering particles (TIPs), a pu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=451748
1,246,738
1,113,591
Also in the early 1980s a research group at Central Institute for the Deaf headed up by faculty members at Washington University in St. Louis MO created the first full digital wearable hearing aid. They first conceived a complete, comprehensive full digital hearing aid, then designed and fabricated, miniaturized full d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33949149
1,113,025
1,620,332
The network analyzer installed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) grew out of a 1924 thesis project by Hugh H. Spencer and Harold Locke Hazen, investigating a power system modelling concept proposed by Vannevar Bush. Instead of miniature rotating machines, each generator was represented by a transformer wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38433617
1,619,417
708,895
The second stage would have two 5-metre optical telescopes and two 20-metre radio telescopes. About 25 years after launch these telescopes would begin examining the area around Barnard's Star to learn more about any accompanying planets. This information would be sent back to Earth, using the 40-metre diameter second s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=603351
708,526
1,652,548
The Rashtriya Gokul mission was launched in order to conserve and develop indigenous bovine breeds under the National program for Bovine breeding and Dairy development, the mission which was aimed at improving the genetic makeup of the cattle and bovine population.It has two sub mission under it namely National program...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65221620
1,651,616
510,307
The Battle of Biak was part of the Western New Guinea campaign of World War II, fought between the United States Army and the Japanese Army from 27 May to 17 August 1944. Taking place on the island of Biak, in Geelvink Bay, in present-day Indonesia, it was part of General Douglas MacArthur's South West Pacific Area's o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7163666
510,042
1,035,051
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting, is also known as flow cytometry cell sorting, or commonly known by the acronym FACS, which is a trademark of Becton Dickinson and Company. Fluorescence activated cell sorting utilizes flow cytometry to separate cells based on morphological parameters and the expression of multiple e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22327978
1,034,511
28,132
Meningococcus vaccines exist against groups A, B, C, W135 and Y. In countries where the vaccine for meningococcus group C was introduced, cases caused by this pathogen have decreased substantially. A quadrivalent vaccine now exists, which combines four vaccines with the exception of B; immunization with this ACW135Y va...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21009963
28,122
1,290,970
It has become the most common parasitic disease of humans worldwide. Approximately two billion people (about a third of global population) are infected as of the latest estimate, and four billion at risk, surpassing even the all-time most prevalent parasitic disease, malaria. The largest numbers of cases occur in impov...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38946504
1,290,260
1,176,968
A more complex example of stepped impedance design is presented in figure 6. Again, narrow lines are used to implement inductors and wide lines correspond to capacitors, but in this case, the lumped-element counterpart has resonators connected in shunt across the main line. This topology can be used to design elliptica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24231219
1,176,345
1,510,052
While CX greatly improved the audio quality of LaserDisc's FM audio tracks, its primary reason for adoption was to decrease the amount of interference between the right channel's FM audio carrier and the video carrier's first chroma sideband. Without CX, strict filtering during mastering and playback as well as keeping...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2880626
1,509,202
603,880
The first structured method for documenting process flow, the flow process chart, was introduced by Frank Gilbreth to members of ASME in 1921 as the presentation “Process Charts—First Steps in Finding the One Best Way”. Gilbreth's tools were quickly integrated into industrial engineering curricula. In the early 1930s i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4746507
603,570
875,995
Water is "consumed" in plants by the processes of photosynthesis (see above) and transpiration. The latter process (which is responsible for about 90% of water use) is driven by the evaporation of water from the leaves of plants. Transpiration allows plants to transport water and mineral nutrients from the soil to grow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=208303
875,533
1,266,085
Christodoulou is a recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize, a prestigious award of the American Mathematical Society. The Bôcher Prize citation mentions his work on the spherically symmetric scalar field as well as his work on the stability of Minkowski spacetime. In 2008 he was awarded the Tomalla prize in gravitation....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2407999
1,265,397
1,516,067
After her retirement, Wills travelled extensively, including to Jamaica, Fiji and South Africa, continuing her observations on nutrition and anaemia. In Fiji she, along with New Zealander Dr. Muriel Bell, was responsible for carrying out the first multi-ethnic nutritional survey of women and children in Fiji (1950). Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5503884
1,515,215
910,830
The U.S. survey resulted in the North American Datum (horizontal) of 1927 (NAD27) and the Vertical Datum of 1929 (NAVD29), the first standard datums available for public use. This was followed by the release of national and regional datums over the next several decades. Improving measurements, including the use of earl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=995417
910,351
589,194
Cori was honored by the release of a US Postal Service stamp in April 2008. The 41-cent stamp was reported by the Associated Press to have a printing error in the chemical formula for glucose-1-phosphate (Cori ester), but was distributed despite the error. Her description reads: "Biochemist Gerty Cori (1896–1957), in c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=252442
588,892
1,546,774
Technology companies are developing mobile-based artificial intelligence chatbot applications that use evidence-based techniques, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to provide early intervention to support mental health and emotional well-being challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) text-based conversational...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31300489
1,545,898
2,072,495
Pestova village is situated 4 kilometers from the Municipality of Vushtrri. The first archaeological excavations started in 2005, since accidentally were discovered some wall contours during the work in the infrastructure. The archaeological findings resulted on partially unearthing remains of a building, and ruins of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42091657
2,071,304
2,091,240
CAPS, along with several other University of Oklahoma institutions, is a partner in a new Engineering Research Center led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) seeks to revolutionize the remote sensing of the lower troposp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5620935
2,090,036
21,624
These features are required because the negative electrode produces heat during use, while the positive electrode may produce oxygen. However, these additional devices occupy space inside the cells, add points of failure, and may irreversibly disable the cell when activated. Further, these features increase costs compa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201485
21,615
1,473,317
While the art of the settled cultures of the Asiatic steppe in the Bronze Age was dominated by anthropomorphic motifs, the advent of the horse nomads was accompanied by the development of the Scytho-Sarmatian animal style, which all the steppe people of Asia and eastern Europe shared. Its basic motifs were taken from a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14836781
1,472,486
1,778,659
Utilizing powder metallurgy routes for titanium foam fabrication allows for production at lower temperatures than those required through a melt process and reduces overall risks for contamination. In loose-powder sintering (also known as gravity sintering), pores are created through diffusion bonding arising from the v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57445960
1,777,657
305,172
Around the turn of the 21st century, anarchism grew in popularity and influence as part of the anti-war, anti-capitalist, and anti-globalisation movements. Anarchists became known for their involvement in protests against the meetings of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Group of Eight, and the World Economic Forum. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47246185
305,010
1,185,526
The largest portion of information contained in business documents (about 80%) is encoded in natural language and therefore unstructured. Because unstructured data is rather a challenge for knowledge extraction, more sophisticated methods are required, which generally tend to supply worse results compared to structured...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31002435
1,184,897
1,733,891
"Amiral Baudin" and "Formidable" had relatively uneventful careers. They spent the bulk of their time in active service with the Mediterranean Fleet, where they were occupied with routine training exercises, typically in the western Mediterranean Sea and occasionally in the Atlantic in company with the Northern Squadro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14509678
1,732,914
353,380
In the reproductive system of butterflies and moths, the male genitalia are complex and unclear. In females the three types of genitalia are based on the relating taxa: 'monotrysian', 'exoporian', and 'ditrysian'. In the monotrysian type is an opening on the fused segments of the sterna 9 and 10, which act as inseminat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53307
353,197
2,136,563
In 2010, Retraction Watch reported that five of Mori's papers had been retracted by the journal "Infection and Immunity". (The "New York Times" later put that figure at six.) The papers, which were published between 2000 and 2009, described studies on "H. pylori". Mori was banned for ten years from publishing articles ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30455822
2,135,335
398,148
With about half of the investment on the electronic intelligence (ELINT) and communications intelligence (COMINT) sensors, Germany is trying to get some form of the program into service. Using the Triton would ease integration by keeping the sensors in the same place, gondolas hung under the wings, which limited attemp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=894952
397,952
1,666,633
Of these, the dog has the greatest number of incidents. One in four dogs older than 2 dies of cancer, a rate that has increased, which may in part be explained by reductions in other causes of death. Canine cancer shares features with human cancer, including histology, tumor genetics, molecular targets, biological beha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61185016
1,665,694
1,160,051
Sir Martin Ryle (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources. In 1946 Ryle and Derek Vonberg were the first people to publish interferometric a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=396640
1,159,436
1,670,148
During Take's childhood, the family moved to Bucharest and later to Giurgiu, where Ghiță Ioan began to accumulate a fortune after leasing a segment of the customs in the city. This allowed him to send his sons to study abroad; after entering the Saint Sava High School with a scholarship and graduating with honors, Take...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=738484
1,669,208
1,631,746
The proposed role of sEH in the regulation of hypertension can be used as a simple model of sEH function in the kidney. Here the EETs are vasodilatory, and can be thought of as balancing other vasoconstrictive signals. sEH hydrolyzes the EETs to form the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). These molecules are more w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34520195
1,630,824
1,093,678
Although myricetin has not been concluded to have more than a neutral effect on humans, it has been used as a form of traditional medicine for diabetes in Northern Brazil and is hypothesized by the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey to potentially be correlated to the lower risk of Type 2 diabetes in indiv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4646238
1,093,118
2,133,711
Smith’s research uses economic and statistical techniques to analyze firm and consumer behavior in online markets, specifically markets for digital information and digital media products. His research in this area has been published in leading management science, economics, and marketing journals and in leading profess...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19898373
2,132,486
2,004,510
found that tungsten would be the most suitable for the job; if not for its brittleness. After recognizing that he needed to recruit another talented scientist, he enlisted the help of William D. Coolidge, one of his former chemistry students. He gave Coolidge the same deal that Rice had given him; recognizing that Cool...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6046838
2,003,361
375,658
Most reactors began construction by 1974; following the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and changing economics, many planned projects were cancelled. More than 100 orders for nuclear power reactors, many already under construction, were canceled in the 1970s and 1980s, bankrupting some companies. Up until 2013, ther...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4131402
375,463
1,627,186
Kowler and colleagues were among many to test the relationship between attention and saccades. In one of their first experiments they hypothesized that the initiation of saccades required a signal that would determine which point in space would be the target for the saccade. They questioned whether the signal was attri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31148473
1,626,268
124,464
In steamships, advantages of steam turbines over reciprocating engines are smaller size, lower maintenance, lighter weight, and lower vibration. A steam turbine is efficient only when operating in the thousands of RPM, while the most effective propeller designs are for speeds less than 300 RPM; consequently, precise (t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29374
124,413
307,197
Surface micromachining uses layers deposited on the surface of a substrate as the structural materials, rather than using the substrate itself. Surface micromachining was created in the late 1980s to render micromachining of silicon more compatible with planar integrated circuit technology, with the goal of combining M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19638
307,033
1,773,771
In a similar arrangement, the 563 RQG relies on the co-located A-10s of the 355th Fighter Wing at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. Like their A-1 Skyraider and LTV A-7 Corsair II predecessors, the A-10s, designed for close-air support, continue to use the ""Sandy"" call sign and are woven tightly into CSAR operations. When ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6411297
1,772,774
283,974
New forms of cleaning procedures are being tested to reduce biofilm formation in these processes which will lead to safer and more productive food processing industries. These new forms of cleaning procedures also have a profound effect on the environment, often releasing toxic gases into the groundwater reservoirs. As...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43946
283,821
1,300,137
In 2013, China and Costa Rica signed agreements of US$30 million for financing the installation of 50 thousand solar panels, including a power plant of 10 MW. In addition, in 2014, ICE announced a pilot program for solar energy use in housing that aimed to reach 600,000 clients, but in 2015, the institution ended the p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48105272
1,299,423
38,383
The college also offers 26 club and intramural sports such as fencing, rugby, water polo, figure skating, boxing, volleyball, ultimate frisbee, and cricket, leading to a 75% participation rate in athletics among the undergraduate student body. The Dartmouth Fencing Team, despite being entirely self-coached, won the USA...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8418
38,369
135,206
Near the end of World War II, from late 1944 until early 1945, the Japanese Fu-Go balloon bomb, a type of fire balloon, was designed as a cheap weapon intended to make use of the jet stream over the Pacific Ocean to reach the west coast of Canada and the United States. Relatively ineffective as weapons, they were used ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16472
135,151
57,935
The growth of additive manufacturing could have a large impact on the environment. As opposed to traditional manufacturing, for instance, in which pieces are cut from larger blocks of material, additive manufacturing creates products layer-by-layer and prints only relevant parts, wasting much less material and thus was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1305947
57,910
2,164,674
Born in 1891, Davis graduated from Dumas Elementary, Sumner High and Normal Schools and Stowe Teacher College. She received an M.A. in Education from the State University of Iowa and continued graduate study at Lincoln, Boston, Northwestern, St Louis, Syracuse and New York Universities. From 1913 until her retirement i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21620266
2,163,437
835,147
The first efforts to use ultrasonic testing to detect flaws in solid material occurred in the 1930s. On May 27, 1940, U.S. researcher Dr. Floyd Firestone of the University of Michigan applies for a U.S. invention patent for the first practical ultrasonic testing method. The patent is granted on April 21, 1942 as U.S. P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3092216
834,698
1,341,753
Bailey outlined five different methods for identifying ecosystems: "gestalt" ("a whole that is not derived through considerable of its parts"), in which regions are recognized and boundaries drawn intuitively; a map overlay system where different layers like geology, landforms and soil types are overlain to identify ec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=196971
1,341,020
486,658
DNA is precipitated by first ensuring that the correct concentration of positive ions is present in solution (too much will result in a lot of salt co-precipitating with DNA, too little will result in incomplete DNA recovery) and then adding two to three volumes of at least 95% ethanol. Many protocols advise storing DN...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3737422
486,409
93,513
The Harrier II Plus is very similar to the Night Attack variant, with the addition of an APG-65 multi-mode pulse-Doppler radar in an extended nose, allowing it to launch advanced beyond-visual-range missiles such as the AIM-120 AMRAAM. To make additional space for the radar, the angle-rate bombing system was removed. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18940560
93,472
432,925
Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s Units 3 and 4, originally licensed for operation until 2011 and 2013, respectively, underwent substantial safety improvements and, after rigorous inspections, received positive reviews from the IAEA in 2002, and from the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) in the following...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2368739
432,712
1,574,163
The ministry is also supporting bilateral research projects with research institutions in Belarus, China, Germany, India, the Russian Federation and Turkey. Although these higher levels of public financial support are welcome, more could be done to improve the mechanisms for fund distribution, commercialization and ind...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54205035
1,573,274
201,981
Davy also experimented with gases by inhaling them. This experimental procedure nearly proved fatal on several occasions, but led to the discovery of the unusual effects of nitrous oxide, which came to be known as laughing gas. Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it ""dep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1416046
201,878
112,903
Massively open online courses (MOOCs), although quite popular in discussions of technology and education in developed countries (more so in the US), are not a major concern in most developing or low-income countries. One of the stated goals of MOOCs is to provide less fortunate populations (i.e., in developing countrie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1944675
112,858
1,396,248
Organ rejection is the unfortunate circumstance of the host immune system recognizing the transplanted organ as foreign. This is the most notable complication facing transplant recipients. Through T-cell receptors, T-lymphocytes are able to distinguish between self and non-self by recognizing human leukocyte antigens (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46300441
1,395,477
631,385
The closure of the School for Girls in 1946 and the Boy's Academy in 1953 coincided with a period of expansion and provided much-needed space for the growing university. In 1958, a period of construction and acquisition of buildings began, easing the strain of overcrowding at the institution. At this time the universit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=165478
631,047
750,015
Electricity is stored in four lead-acid battery packs, totalling 400 tonnes, assembled by Pacific Marine Batteries, a joint venture between VARTA of Germany and Pacific Dunlop of Australia. These supply a single Jeumont Schneider DC motor, which provides 7,200 shaft horsepower to a seven-bladed, diameter skewback prope...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=810758
749,617
1,060,668
The specific mechanisms of carcinogenicity of "o"-toluidine are not completely understood, but they are known to be complex and to involve metabolic activation, which results in formation of reactive metabolites. The earlier mentioned "o"-nitrosotoluene, which causes cancer in rats, is an example of these reactive meta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12310347
1,060,116
1,270,343
The SARGE (aka SARGE M1), an acronym of Suborbital Autonomous Rocket with GuidancE, is a suborbital rocket based on the STIG-B rocket platform developed as part of Armadillo Aerospace's lunar lander program. The SARGE vehicle employs a LOX-ethanol propulsion module based on the LE23000FC series engines, producing appro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48475148
1,269,652
849,026
Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photo-refractive keratectomy (PRK) are popular procedures; while use of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is increasing. Other surgical treatments for severe myopia include insertion of implants after clear lens extraction (refractive lens exchange). Full thickness corneal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=866988
848,576
128,937
To improve freshness, the crawler should penalize the elements that change too often. The optimal re-visiting policy is neither the uniform policy nor the proportional policy. The optimal method for keeping average freshness high includes ignoring the pages that change too often, and the optimal for keeping average age...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33120
128,885
1,566,691
Pop-up satellite archival tags are electronic storage devices developed in the late 1990s that are either surgically implanted or attached to the outside of marine animals with an anchoring device. These tags can record data on ambient light levels, swimming depth, and internal/external temperature. PSAT's transmit rec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42307707
1,565,804
2,134,375
When this pattern of absorption is transferred into an estuary, however, acidity increases simply due to relative volume. Ocean water counts for the absorption of 30-40 percent of all CO emitted into the atmosphere and yet, due to its immense volume, it remains relatively resilient. Estuaries - being smaller by volume,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40909214
2,133,150
570,958
In March 1903 the Nebraska State Legislature appropriated $50,000 to build a normal school in western Nebraska. In September of that same year, after 111 ballots, the State Board of Education accepted the city of Kearney's offer of and Green Terrace Hall at the western edge of the city to become its site. On October 18...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1637831
570,667
334,264
That same year, the public universities in North Carolina had to share a budget cut of $414 million, of which the Chapel Hill campus lost more than $100 million in 2011. This followed state budget cuts that trimmed university spending by $231 million since 2007; Provost Bruce Carney said more than 130 faculty members h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=89510
334,086
1,101,380
The takeoff stage of economic development came with the railroad revolution in the 1840s, which opened up new markets for local products, created a pool of middle managers, increased the demand for engineers, architects and skilled machinists and stimulated investments in coal and iron. Political disunity of three doze...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676365
1,100,819
1,516,774
His investigation lines interest is interfacial electrochemistry, including kinetics of electrochemical reactions, phase formation, conducting polymers, energy conversion and environmental sanitation. Author of more than one hundred publications in the international scientific literature and three patents of invention ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29302481
1,515,922
1,750,499
With the threat of Nazi invasion looming, Kramer took refuge in America in 1938. In New York City, she worked for three years teaching sculpture at a progressive school called the Little Red School House. During World War II Kramer worked as a machinist at a tool and die shop in the Soho district of New York City. She ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31103197
1,749,513