doc_id int32 18 2.25M | text stringlengths 245 2.96k | source stringlengths 38 44 | __index_level_0__ int64 18 2.25M |
|---|---|---|---|
888,956 | In 1953, Lee joined Columbia University, where he remained until retirement. His first work at Columbia was on a solvable model of quantum field theory better known as the Lee model. Soon, his focus turned to particle physics and the developing puzzle of K meson decays. Lee realized in early 1956 that the key to the pu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=252081 | 888,488 |
405,798 | Programming languages include features to help prevent bugs, such as static type systems, restricted namespaces and modular programming. For example, when a programmer writes (pseudocode) codice_1, although this may be syntactically correct, the code fails a type check. Compiled languages catch this without having to r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37085 | 405,598 |
1,154,572 | As Chairman of the Southern California Symphony Association, Mudd is credited with saving the Los Angeles Philharmonic. Fellow copper baron William Andrews Clark Jr. had founded the Philharmonic in 1919, but he had exhausted his fortune supporting the orchestra. To oversee the Philharmonic, the Southern California Symp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2860947 | 1,153,962 |
2,070,814 | It launched from Wallops Island, Virginia, into a orbit. The plane of rotation shifted about 1°/day so that a stellar detector mounted to point radially outward from the axis scanned the celestial sphere. Data from all detectors were stored in a 54-kbs core memory and telemetered on command to the United States Naval R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57721944 | 2,069,623 |
895,422 | It has been previously known that kinesin move cargo towards the plus (+) end of a microtubule, also known as anterograde transport/orthograde transport. However, it has been recently discovered that in budding yeast cells kinesin Cin8 (a member of the Kinesin-5 family) can move toward the minus end as well, or retrogr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=609808 | 894,951 |
229,982 | The development of radio communication initially occurred at the lower frequencies because these could be more easily propagated over large distances. The long wavelengths made these frequencies unsuitable for use in hollow metal waveguides because of the impractically large diameter tubes required. Consequently, resea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41863 | 229,865 |
88,140 | During the years 1873–76 the American mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs published a series of three papers, the most famous being "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", in which he showed how thermodynamic processes, including chemical reactions, could be graphically analyzed, by studying the energ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29952 | 88,105 |
2,230,729 | Since the success of Soleon in the 2005 races, the team had to redesign for the new regulations for WSC, and prepare for the harder competition it faced from changing class to the higher, more competitive Challenge class. This class included higher efficiency solar cells, upright seating, and teams that had been for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3421567 | 2,229,463 |
450,946 | Emergent's manufacturing facility in East Baltimore had previously received $163 million from the US government to make upgrades in order to increase production of vaccines and therapies, including the Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines. However, the plant experienced multiple production issues, and au... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6262709 | 450,727 |
34,511 | Lasers are used in optical disc drives, laser printers, barcode scanners, DNA sequencing instruments, fiber-optic and free-space optical communication, semiconducting chip manufacturing (photolithography), laser surgery and skin treatments, cutting and welding materials, military and law enforcement devices for marking... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17556 | 34,499 |
1,832,740 | Thus, it was not that there was no order in nature for the Chinese, but rather that it was not an order ordained by a rational personal being, and hence there was no conviction that rational personal beings would be able to spell out in their lesser earthly languages the divine code of laws which he had decreed aforeti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12082329 | 1,831,692 |
1,779,789 | Saruhashi was born in Tokyo in 1920. At a very young age, Saruhashi wanted to know what made it rain. This fascination was derived from watching raindrops slide down windows one day during primary school. Kuniharu and Kuno Saruhashi both saw the importance of education and supported their daughter after their shared ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3998007 | 1,778,786 |
287,555 | In 2000, the team conducted an expedition that focused on the exploration of the sea bed about 15–30 km west of Sinop, and an additional deep-water survey east and north of the peninsula. Their project had several goals. They sought to discover whether human habitation sites could be identified on the ancient submerged... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=158701 | 287,399 |
1,158,589 | This improvement of resolution breaks down due to the practical limits imposed by the atmosphere, whose random nature disrupts the single spot of the Airy disk into a pattern of similarly-sized spots scattered over a much larger area (see the adjacent image of a binary). For typical seeing, the practical resolution lim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=371273 | 1,157,975 |
740,302 | In the periodic table, livermorium is a member of group 16, the chalcogens. It appears below oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. Every previous chalcogen has six electrons in its valence shell, forming a valence electron configuration of nsnp. In livermorium's case, the trend should be continued and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62198 | 739,910 |
205,676 | The USSR at this stage had been devastated by the war. Officially, 98,000 collective farms had been ransacked and ruined, with the loss of 137,000 tractors, 49,000 combine harvesters, 7 million horses, 17 million cattle, 20 million pigs, 27 million sheep; 25% of all capital equipment had been destroyed in 35,000 plants... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=146410 | 205,570 |
88,135 | The history of thermodynamics as a scientific discipline generally begins with Otto von Guericke who, in 1650, built and designed the world's first vacuum pump and demonstrated a vacuum using his Magdeburg hemispheres. Guericke was driven to make a vacuum in order to disprove Aristotle's long-held supposition that 'nat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29952 | 88,100 |
336,917 | The E-4B plays a prominent role in two motion pictures. In the 1990 HBO film "By Dawn's Early Light", following a nuclear strike by the Soviets, the aircraft serves as a flying platform for the presumed president, the ex–Secretary of the Interior, who is played by Darren McGavin. The aircraft is pursued by a Boeing EC-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=440894 | 336,738 |
1,259,131 | During the 1990s and 2000s, a number of proprietary file formats have been in use by various companies to support specific features of their manufacturing equipment, but the lack of an industry-wide agreement prevented widespread adoption of any single format. In 2006, Jonathan D. Hiller and Hod Lipson presented an ini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32122623 | 1,258,444 |
1,815,984 | The program for the MLIS degree requires 36 credit hours of academic work to be completed with a minimum average of B within five calendar years from the first registration. In the non -thesis option, all credits are coursework. The thesis option requires 30 credits of coursework and six credits of thesis research. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13618147 | 1,814,950 |
32,054 | Von Neumann founded the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras (originally called W*-algebras). While his original ideas for rings of operators existed already in 1930, he did not begin studying them in depth until he met F. J. Murray several years later. A von Neumann algebra is a *-algebra of b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15942 | 32,043 |
8,494 | The aircraft's development effectively began in 1983 with the Future European Fighter Aircraft programme, a multinational collaboration among the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Previously, Germany, Italy and the UK had jointly developed and deployed the Panavia Tornado combat aircraft and desired to collaborate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=167667 | 8,491 |
1,748,521 | RET inhibitors are targeted therapies that act on tumors with activating alterations in the RET proto-oncogene, such as point mutations or fusions. They fall under the category of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which work by inhibiting proteins involved in the abnormal growth of cancer cells. Existing molecules fall i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65584329 | 1,747,535 |
689,678 | The concept of inverting riders was not revisited until the 1970s. In 1968, Karl Bacon of Arrow Dynamics created a prototype steel roller coaster with a corkscrew, the first of its kind. The prototype proved that a tubular steel track, first pioneered by Arrow to create Disneyland's Matterhorn Bobsleds in 1959, could e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=630245 | 689,316 |
359,634 | A balloon was originally any aerostat, while the term airship was used for large, powered aircraft designs — usually fixed-wing. In 1919, Frederick Handley Page was reported as referring to "ships of the air," with smaller passenger types as "Air yachts." In the 1930s, large intercontinental flying boats were also some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=849 | 359,447 |
1,580,524 | Strominger joined the University of Wisconsin, Madison as chairman of the Department of Pharmacology from 1964 to 1968. There, with Donald J. Tipper in 1965, he demonstrated the mechanism of action by which antibiotic penicillins kill bacteria by inhibiting the completion of the synthesis of structural components of ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25071355 | 1,579,634 |
431,668 | Kauffman became known through his association with the Santa Fe Institute (a non-profit research institute dedicated to the study of complex systems), where he was faculty in residence from 1986 to 1997, and through his work on models in various areas of biology. These included autocatalytic sets in origin of life rese... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62902 | 431,456 |
904,863 | The first mark sense scanner was the IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine; this read marks by sensing the electrical conductivity of graphite pencil lead using pairs of wire brushes that scanned the page. In the 1930s, Richard Warren at IBM experimented with optical mark sense systems for test scoring, as documented in US Pate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=439697 | 904,387 |
1,994,975 | Amorphous brazing foils are compositionally much more uniform even after crystallization, they melt over a narrow temperature range under transient heating. This is a consequence of the shorter distances over which atoms of different elements have to diffuse in order to form a uniform liquid phase. The resulting instan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14694087 | 1,993,832 |
1,270,335 | One of the most important aspects of successful rec1-Resilin synthesis is that its mechanical properties match that of the original resilin (native resilin). In the study indicated above, Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the mechanical properties of rec1-Resilin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2896282 | 1,269,644 |
1,881,396 | Mycorrhizae are one of the most widespread symbioses on the planet, as they form a plant-fungal interaction with nearly eighty percent of all terrestrial plants. The resident mycorrhizae benefits from a share of the sugars and carbon produced during photosynthesis, while the plant effectively accesses water and other n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59393212 | 1,880,315 |
2,166,008 | At first the number of students was nearly the same as formerly, but the institution soon began to labor under financial difficulties owing to the confiscation of lands and revenues which had belonged to the Jesuit college. In 1786 a new charter approved by the Holy See was introduced at the university. In conformity w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16924388 | 2,164,771 |
339,259 | For 1993, Häkkinen joined McLaren, originally as a race driver, although he became the team's official test driver when CART driver Michael Andretti was hired by the team. Apart from regular testing duties, Häkkinen entered two Porsche Supercup races, held as a support race for the Monaco Grand Prix, where he started a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63073 | 339,079 |
282,152 | Sudan's major institution for the training of optometrists is the Faculty of Optometry and Visual Sciences (FOVS), originally established in 1954 as the Institute of Optometry in Khartoum; the Institute joined with the Ministry of Higher Education in 1986 as the High Institute of Optometry, and ultimately was annexed i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=181226 | 281,999 |
672,976 | Habermas points out that the "sociopsychological costs" of this limited version of rationality are ultimately borne by individuals, which is what György Lukács had in mind when he developed Marx's concept of reification in his "History and Class Consciousness" (1923). They surface as widespread neurotic illnesses, addi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5539728 | 672,624 |
85,176 | One of the best-known references to VX in popular culture is its use in the 1996 film "The Rock", which centers on a threatened VX attack on San Francisco from the island of Alcatraz. The film uses artistic license, notably with VX being ascribed corrosive powers it does not possess, permitting an early scene in which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=199306 | 85,142 |
701,917 | Streams are reclaimed by regrading mine land, reconfiguring the mine drain, or building new stream channels in an effort to resemble the buried ones. Although the mitigation focuses on rebuilding the structure, it has not successfully restored the ecological function of the natural streams. Evidence suggests that such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1685995 | 701,552 |
2,031,755 | In 1895, Aldis published "Consider the heavens", a 224-page popular introduction to astronomy. It was published by the Religious Tract Society, and contained religious quotations throughout, however in "Ladies in the Laboratory III", Mary Creese considered it "a scientifically informative work, written in a personal co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66284143 | 2,030,585 |
126,652 | In the same way as one f-stop corresponds to a factor of two in light intensity, shutter speeds are arranged so that each setting differs in duration by a factor of approximately two from its neighbour. Opening up a lens by one stop allows twice as much light to fall on the film in a given period of time. Therefore, to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=168244 | 126,600 |
1,250,855 | The PML gene is under transcriptional, translational and post translational control. The promoter region of the gene contains targets of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STATs), interferon regulatory factors, and p53 protein, indicating the intricacy of its involvement in cellular functions. In additio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14043373 | 1,250,179 |
1,540,123 | Conceptual models from experience and intuition from past fires can be used to anticipate the future. Many semi-empirical fire spread equations, as in those published by the USDA Forest Service, Forestry Canada, Nobel, Bary, and Gill, and Cheney, Gould, and Catchpole for Australasian fuel complexes have been developed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20115268 | 1,539,250 |
719,794 | The increased demand for faster and easy-to-use protein separation tools has accelerated the evolution of IEF towards in-solution separations. In this context, a multi-junction IEF system was developed to perform fast and gel-free IEF separations. The multi-junction IEF system utilizes a series of vessels with a capill... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=966794 | 719,414 |
1,991,998 | There are a variety of ways to attempt to prevent this pathogen from spreading. The first being to prune out any infected branches of either host species. The second is to avoid planting two host plants within a two-mile radius of each other. This does not guarantee safety as there have been cases reported of cedar-haw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11068978 | 1,990,855 |
764,179 | Small to medium-sized drilling rigs are mobile, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, blast-hole, water wells and environmental investigations. Larger rigs are capable of drilling through thousands of metres of the Earth's crust, using large "mud pumps" to circulate drilling mud (slurry) through the drill... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1241965 | 763,769 |
123,443 | Of the twenty known natural satellites in the Solar System that are large enough to be gravitationally rounded, several remain geologically active today. Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System, while Europa, Enceladus, Titan and Triton display evidence of ongoing tectonic activity and cryovolcanism... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53306 | 123,392 |
284,453 | On August 21–23, 1924, Mars entered an opposition closer to Earth than at any time in the century before or the next 80 years. In the United States, a "National Radio Silence Day" was promoted during a 36-hour period from August 21–23, with all radios quiet for five minutes on the hour, every hour. At the United States... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28153 | 284,299 |
563,638 | The geographical origin of the tradition of Liechtenauer is difficult to establish. There are several places called "Lichtenau" in Germany, and Ms. 3227a states explicitly that Johannes Liechtenauer traveled widely to learn from as many masters as possible. Of course, it is to be assumed that there were traditions of c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=858525 | 563,349 |
1,954,218 | The College of Agriculture building and contents are the result of over $100 million of investment. There are 18,000 square metres of usable space, consisting of 180 research labs, 38 teaching labs, 212 staff offices, ten classrooms, four computer classrooms and seven conference rooms. The building has seven levels, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12451925 | 1,953,097 |
1,266,242 | CaO is also prone to sintering, or change in pore shape, shrinkage and grain growth during heating. Ionic compounds such as CaO mostly sinter because of volume diffusion or lattice diffusion mechanics. As described by sintering theory, vacancies generated by temperature sensitive defects direct void sites from smaller ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42268134 | 1,265,554 |
593,110 | The MIS timescale was developed from the pioneering work of Cesare Emiliani in the 1950s, and is now widely used in archaeology and other fields to express dating in the Quaternary period (the last 2.6 million years), as well as providing the fullest and best data for that period for paleoclimatology or the study of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2289787 | 592,806 |
1,483,289 | The Phosphoria Formation was deposited under marine conditions in a foreland basin located between the Paleozoic continental margin and the North American cratonic shelf. The upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich marine water at that time stimulated the growth of plankton and nekton, resulting in the accumulation of organic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25754558 | 1,482,453 |
1,671,601 | Together with L.G. Rowntree and B.B. Turner, Abel devised what they called a "vividiffusion" apparatus, consisting of a series of tubes surrounded by fluid. They first demonstrated the apparatus at the Physiological Congress in Groningen in 1914. By allowing arterial blood to enter at one end of the connection, and lat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1149742 | 1,670,661 |
460,439 | On 10 February 1967 during the recording of "A Day in the Life", Ken Townsend synchronised two machines so that extra tracks were available for recording the orchestra. Speaking in an interview with Australia's ABC, Geoff Emerick described the technique; EMI tape machines' speed could be controlled using an external sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8977564 | 460,213 |
1,179,342 | Richard King Mellon and his wife Constance had long been interested in urban and social issues. In 1965, they sponsored a conference on urban problems, in which they began discussions with the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University to create a school focused on public affairs. In 1967, Carnegie Mellon ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=286578 | 1,178,718 |
418,472 | During the Siege of Petersburg, Alexander had to adapt his artillery tactics to trench warfare, including experimentation with various types of mortars. He became convinced that the Union forces were attempting to tunnel under the Confederate lines, but before he was able to act on this, on June 30, 1864, he was wounde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=264462 | 418,267 |
620,261 | Gemini 11 (officially Gemini XI) was the ninth crewed spaceflight mission of NASA's Project Gemini, which flew from September 12 to 15, 1966. It was the 17th crewed American flight and the 25th spaceflight to that time (includes X-15 flights over ). Astronauts Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. and Richard F. Gordon Jr. perform... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=411596 | 619,946 |
89,264 | UVA's alumni ranks also include others who have achieved widespread fame: computer science pioneer John Backus; polar explorer Richard Byrd; scientists Walter Reed, Stuart Schreiber, Daniel Barringer, Richard Lutz, and Francis Collins; artists Edgar Allan Poe and Georgia O'Keeffe; musicians Stephen Malkmus and Boyd Tin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=59801 | 89,227 |
1,968,222 | Despite transplastomics being non- viable for non green plastids at the moment, plant transplastomics work done on the chloroplast genome has proved extremely valuable. The applications for chloroplast transformation includes and is not limited to agriculture, bio-fuel and bio-pharmaceuticals. This is because of a few ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12007423 | 1,967,092 |
1,694,515 | One immediately obtains an integral curve that exhibits sinusoidal expansion and reconvergence cycles. See the figure, in which time is running vertically and one uses the radial symmetry to suppress one spatial dimension. This figure shows why there is a coordinate singularity in the Rosen chart; the observers must pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2055763 | 1,693,564 |
725,340 | Numerous studies and reviews have been published with respect to GIC used in primary teeth restorations. Findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that conventional glass ionomers were not recommended for Class II restorations in primary molars. This material showed poor anatomical form and marginal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7120484 | 724,959 |
18,174 | According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency only around 15% of the e-waste actually is recycled. When e-waste byproducts leach into groundwater, are burned, or get mishandled during recycling, it causes harm. Health problems associated with such toxins include impaired mental development, cancer, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21808348 | 18,168 |
648,088 | However, in 1981 Axelrod and Hamilton noted that if the same contestants in the PDG meet repeatedly (the so-called Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game, IPD) then tit-for-tat (foreshadowed by Robert Triver's reciprocal altruism theory) is a robust strategy which promotes altruism. In "tit-for-tat" both players' opening mov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2021591 | 647,747 |
1,371,373 | Since the initial description of CFSE it has been used in thousands of immunological studies, an example of an early proliferation study in animals being described by Kurts et al. However, perhaps the most important CFSE investigations have been those demonstrating that many of the effector functions of lymphocytes, su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9384017 | 1,370,616 |
115,017 | Rawls argues that a second principle of equality would be agreed upon to guarantee liberties that represent meaningful options for all in society and ensure distributive justice. For example, formal guarantees of political voice and freedom of assembly are of little real worth to the desperately poor and marginalized i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=123612 | 114,972 |
1,033,727 | Military doctor Colonel Yevgeny Karpov was appointed as the first chief of the cosmonaut training centre or "Tsentr Podgotovki Kosmonavtov" (TsPK) on 24 February 1960. The centre was home to approximately 250 personnel divided into various departments who were responsible for the development of all aspects of the space... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=764920 | 1,033,190 |
2,170,242 | 85% of electricity in Australia is generated by coal-fired power stations. They produce 42% of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions. The IPCC has recommended that developed nations such as Australia cut greenhouse gas emissions by 25 to 40% by 2020 and 80 to 95% by 2050. The Garnaut Climate Change Review found that Aus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20842053 | 2,169,004 |
37,948 | The exact choice of engine systems remains somewhat controversial at this point. The concept was originally for an integrated power system (IPS) based on in-hull permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMMs), with Advanced Induction Motors (AIM) as a possible backup solution. The design was shifted to the AIM system in Fe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=864558 | 37,935 |
1,562,268 | Lee and colleagues developed the first reported MET in 1995 in Liverpool Hospital in Australia. The first pediatric RRS was implemented in 2005 by Tibballs, Kinney, and colleagues at Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia which included vital sign ranges that differed by age group. Since its development, the RRS has be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40831614 | 1,561,381 |
420,492 | Automatic milking systems are computer controlled stand alone systems that milk the dairy cattle without human labor. The complete automation of the milking process is controlled by an agricultural robot, a complex herd management software, and specialized computers. Automatic milking eliminates the farmer from the act... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10552308 | 420,287 |
1,384,592 | In 1929, he accepted a post as Senior Professor of Geography at the University of Chicago. In 1936 he moved to the University of Toronto founding the Geography department there. During the 1930s, Taylor was co-editor of the German journal on racial studies "Zeitschrift fur Rassenkunde," he felt that American scholars w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19351743 | 1,383,825 |
854,313 | Having a homozygous pair of genes with the ΔF508 mutation prevents the CFTR protein from assuming its normal position in the cell membrane. This causes increased water retention in cells, corresponding dehydration of the extracellular space, and an associated cascade of effects on various parts of the body. These effec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1230676 | 853,858 |
292,228 | Mustard gas did not need to be inhaled to be effective—any contact with skin was sufficient. Exposure to 0.1 ppm was enough to cause massive blisters. Higher concentrations could burn flesh to the bone. It was particularly effective against the soft skin of the eyes, nose, armpits and groin, since it dissolved in the n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=167578 | 292,070 |
1,040,165 | Because of the many finds, in principle the entire juvenile skeleton is known. "Pinacosaurus" especially provides information on the build of the ankylosaurian skull, as in the juveniles the head armour has not yet fused with the skull proper and the sutures of the various elements are still visible. Modern studies hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3552833 | 1,039,624 |
302,627 | General Motors mild hybrids including the Parallel Hybrid Truck (PHT) and numerous cars and SUVs equipped with the BAS Hybrid system, often use a 36- to 48-volt system to supply the power needed for the startup motor, as well as a source of power to compensate for the increasing number of electronic accessories on mode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4370310 | 302,466 |
2,169,456 | As Poincaré was the first to prove, it is always possible to reduce any algebraic relation between two variables to uniformity by the use of automorphic functions of one variable. That is, if any algebraic equation in two variables be given, there can always be found for these variables two such single valued automorph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2336114 | 2,168,218 |
1,519,642 | Stewart herself was diagnosed with the disease she spent her life researching, cancer. Beginning with ovarian cancer and then obtaining lung cancer which ultimately cost her her life. Long time colleague and friend Bernice Eddy said that Stewart continued to do work and more research until she unfortunately became too ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18122072 | 1,518,784 |
587,063 | That year, Joseph Huot, an engineer from Richmond, Quebec, adapted the Ross' straight-pull bolt action. His sample model, which shared 33 parts with the Ross Mark III, had a pneumatic piston parallel to the barrel, which moved a sleeve on the bolt backward, operating the action. To absorb excess energy, the bolt was bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13264584 | 586,763 |
1,240,919 | The Biogeochemistry Section of the Patrick Center is concerned with the influence of aquatic organisms on the sources, fate and transport of chemicals in aquatic systems. Studies frequently deal with the carbon and nutrient cycling as well as those of trace elements (e.g., lead, copper, mercury, and zinc) and organic c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=621575 | 1,240,248 |
1,471,920 | Females lay up to 12 eggs, which hatch after several days (around five to sixteen). The development of the newly hatched larvae is marked by various molting stages, rather than metamorphosis. The time frame of these molting stages vary from each tardigrade as it is dependent on the nutrition of the specific individual.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36684517 | 1,471,091 |
81,588 | That year the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School became the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), as the Air Force tried to enter into space research through the X-15 and X-20 programs. Collins applied for a new postgraduate course offered into the basics of spaceflight. He was accepted into the third cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97666 | 81,555 |
588,800 | The battleship war in the Atlantic was driven by the attempts of German capital ship commerce raiders to influence the Battle of the Atlantic by destroying convoys supplying the United Kingdom and later the Soviet Union. The superior numbers of British surface units devoted themselves to protecting the convoys, and to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17641150 | 588,498 |
501,616 | The most notable vocalization of the mantled guereza is the "roar", which is made mainly at night or dawn by males. The sound of a roar can be carried for up to a mile. It is normally the dominant male who roars when there are multiple males in the group. Roars are used for long-distance communication and can regulate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2459760 | 501,359 |
209,066 | The Two-Mode Hybrid name highlights the drive-train's ability to operate in all-electric (Mode 1, or "Input-Split") as well as hybrid (Mode 2, or "Compound-Split") modes. The design allows for operation in more than two modes. Two power-split modes are available, along with several fixed-gear (essentially parallel hybr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7527388 | 208,959 |
1,715,209 | In the early 1960s, some physicians began more aggressive attempts at organ transplantation. Knowing little about "compatibility factors", they attempted transplantation between humans and between non-humans and humans. Immunosuppressive drugs worked for a time, but transplanted organs would either always fail or the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18877437 | 1,714,242 |
1,023,925 | Coactivators are not just protein partners that connect sites together in a complex. Coactivators play an active role in modifying the activity of a complex. Post-translation modification of coactivators can result in a dynamic model of steroid hormone action by way of multiple kinase pathways initiated by cell surface... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1088710 | 1,023,392 |
1,722,355 | With antimicrobial therapy and vaccination protocols being somewhat limited, proper management practices are highly recommended for controlling caseous lymphadenitis. Good husbandry practices can decrease the occurrence and spread of caseous lymphadenitis among small ruminants, thus improving animal health and minimizi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65001349 | 1,721,385 |
1,260,910 | In the 2004 elections 81 STV elections occurred, but two were not contested. Confusion was caused by the fact that some local elections included ballots for multiple local government bodies, some of which were conducted by single-winner plurality ("first past the post"), some by plurality at large, and some by STV. An ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2942129 | 1,260,223 |
685,596 | The outbreak of war in Europe in September 1939 and the Fall of France in June 1940 greatly accelerated U.S. defense planning and funding. About this time a severe lack of design coordination resulted in the being unable to use the Mark 2 and Mark 3 16-inch guns, and a new gun design was required for them. With war on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13422946 | 685,239 |
1,311,180 | At the same time as these departures, 2K hired Rod Fergusson from Epic Games as their product director while Scott Sinclair, art director from the original "Bioshock", replaced Wells. Fergusson had gained a reputation as a "closer" from his prior work at Microsoft and Epic, helping to assure games were completed in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38977195 | 1,310,461 |
497,971 | The act of being genuine must come from within and be expressed by nurses without reluctance. Genuineness requires the nurse to be natural or authentic in their interactions with the patient. In his article about pivotal moments in therapeutic relationships, Welch found that nurses must be in accordance with their valu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2312819 | 497,714 |
562,610 | MEGARA (Multi-Espectrografo en GTC de Alta Resolucion para Astronomia) is an optical integral-field and multi-object spectrograph covering the visible light and near infrared wavelength range between 0.365 and 1 µm with a spectral resolution in the range R=6000-20000. The MEGARA IFU (also called the Large Compact Bundl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=315396 | 562,321 |
521,452 | In Richmond, Wythe continued his pursuit of knowledge and even began learning Hebrew from Rabbi Seixas. One of Wythe's last pupils, William Munford, called Wythe "one of the most remarkable men I ever knew" and particularly remembered Wythe's scholarly philosophy, "Don't skim it; read deeply, and ponder what you read; ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=261191 | 521,181 |
1,487,089 | The Laves graph is the unique shortest triply-periodic network, in the following sense. Triply-periodic means repeating infinitely in all three dimensions of space, so a triply-periodic network is a connected geometric graph with a three-dimensional lattice of translational symmetries. A fundamental domain is any shape... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44557148 | 1,486,251 |
22,859 | For some problems, different approaches to modeling stochastic outcomes may lead to different solutions. For example, the difference in approach between MDPs and the minimax solution is that the latter considers the worst-case over a set of adversarial moves, rather than reasoning in expectation about these moves given... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11924 | 22,850 |
1,081,016 | On 21 December 1943, she cleared harbor on her first war patrol, bound for the heavily traveled shipping lanes south and west of Truk. This patrol was twice interrupted for repairs, at Pearl Harbor from 29 December 1943 – 3 January 1944, and at Tulagi and Milne Bay from 30 January–8 February. She performed a reconnaiss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=443851 | 1,080,460 |
307,152 | "Street Fighter"s niche evolved, partly because many arcade game developers in the 1980s focused more on producing beat-em-up and shoot 'em up games. Part of the appeal was the use of special moves that can only be discovered by experimenting with controls, which created a sense of mystique and invited players to pract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2829113 | 306,988 |
1,164,088 | Strigolactones are known to stimulate the germination of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores. Since they produce this effect at extremely low concentrations, it has been proposed that the mechanism of activation must be a signaling pathway. Different studies with diverse type of fungi, have found that after stimulation with s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55507358 | 1,163,471 |
856,043 | At the time, only the crew of Skylab 3 had spent six weeks in space. It was unknown what had happened psychologically. NASA carefully worked with crew's requests, reducing their workload for the next six weeks. The incident took NASA into an unknown realm of concern in the selection of astronauts, still a question as h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=710034 | 855,588 |
308,550 | The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The primary structure is held together by peptide bonds that are made during the process of protein biosynthesis. The two ends of the polypeptide chain are referred to as the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) and the amino t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=969126 | 308,385 |
1,222,878 | A second area of health that may be affected by CHIP is the risk for heart attack and stroke. A strong association between CHIP and heart attack/ischemic stroke has been identified in one human genetic dataset, where CHIP was a stronger predictor of heart attack/stroke than if a patient 1) was a smoker, 2) had hyperten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53925411 | 1,222,219 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.